midazolam and Emesis
midazolam has been researched along with Emesis in 45 studies
Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.
midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.
Research Excerpts
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "The addition of gabapentin to moderate sedation during D&E did not result in lower maximum recalled procedural pain." | 9.69 | Gabapentin as an adjunct for pain management during dilation and evacuation: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. ( Brant, AR; Floyd, S; Lotke, PS; Reeves, MF; Scott, RK; Tefera, E; Ye, PP, 2023) |
| "One hundred and twenty children, 1-9 years old, undergoing elective strabismus surgery, were randomly assigned to receive sevoflurane or remifentanil." | 9.13 | Effect of remifentanil on oculocardiac reflex in paediatric strabismus surgery. ( Choi, SR; Chung, CJ; Lee, JH; Lee, JM; Lee, SC, 2008) |
| "With the introduction of midazolam, 73% of patients had a reduction of at least one grade in nausea and vomiting intensity in comparison with the previous cycle of chemotherapy." | 9.11 | Midazolam for acute emesis refractory to dexamethasone and granisetron after highly emetogenic chemotherapy: a phase II study. ( Barni, S; Cabiddu, M; Cazzaniga, M; Cremonesi, M; Di Cosimo, S; Ferretti, G; Ghilardi, M; Mandalà, M; Rocca, A, 2005) |
| " The aim of this study was to investigate whether propofol influences vomiting induced by the dopamine agonist apomorphine." | 9.08 | The influence of propofol on vomiting induced by apomorphine. ( Hammas, B; Hvarfner, A; Thörn, SE; Wattwil, M, 1995) |
| "The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of midazolam on vomiting after tonsillectomy in children." | 9.08 | Midazolam reduces vomiting after tonsillectomy in children. ( Gould, MH; MacNeill, HB; Menard, EA; Rhine, EJ; Roberts, DJ; Splinter, WM, 1995) |
| "This is a prospective randomized double-blind trial conducted to determine whether preoperative orally administered clonidine causes or potentiates postoperative vomiting in 140 children (3-12 yr) undergoing strabismus surgery." | 9.08 | Oral clonidine premedication reduces vomiting in children after strabismus surgery. ( Asano, M; Maekawa, N; Mikawa, K; Nishina, K; Obara, H, 1995) |
| "This prospective study evaluated the effects of continuous sedation using midazolam, with or without remifentanil, on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing myringoplasty." | 7.78 | Postoperative nausea and vomiting after myringoplasty under continuous sedation using midazolam with or without remifentanil. ( Hwang, SM; Jang, JS; Lee, JH; Lee, JJ; Lee, SK; Lim, SY; Park, WJ, 2012) |
| "Forty-five breast cancer patients were randomized into three groups: Group I--chemotherapy, control, Group II--midazolam+chemotherapy, and Group III--propofol+chemotherapy." | 6.71 | Effect of sedation with midazolam or propofol on patient's comfort during cancer chemotherapy infusion: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study in breast cancer patients. ( Argun, G; Baran, O; Dikmen Mentes, S; Ertunc, FN; Unsal, D, 2005) |
| "The addition of gabapentin to moderate sedation during D&E did not result in lower maximum recalled procedural pain." | 5.69 | Gabapentin as an adjunct for pain management during dilation and evacuation: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. ( Brant, AR; Floyd, S; Lotke, PS; Reeves, MF; Scott, RK; Tefera, E; Ye, PP, 2023) |
| "One hundred and twenty children, 1-9 years old, undergoing elective strabismus surgery, were randomly assigned to receive sevoflurane or remifentanil." | 5.13 | Effect of remifentanil on oculocardiac reflex in paediatric strabismus surgery. ( Choi, SR; Chung, CJ; Lee, JH; Lee, JM; Lee, SC, 2008) |
| "With the introduction of midazolam, 73% of patients had a reduction of at least one grade in nausea and vomiting intensity in comparison with the previous cycle of chemotherapy." | 5.11 | Midazolam for acute emesis refractory to dexamethasone and granisetron after highly emetogenic chemotherapy: a phase II study. ( Barni, S; Cabiddu, M; Cazzaniga, M; Cremonesi, M; Di Cosimo, S; Ferretti, G; Ghilardi, M; Mandalà, M; Rocca, A, 2005) |
| " The aim of this study was to investigate whether propofol influences vomiting induced by the dopamine agonist apomorphine." | 5.08 | The influence of propofol on vomiting induced by apomorphine. ( Hammas, B; Hvarfner, A; Thörn, SE; Wattwil, M, 1995) |
| "The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of midazolam on vomiting after tonsillectomy in children." | 5.08 | Midazolam reduces vomiting after tonsillectomy in children. ( Gould, MH; MacNeill, HB; Menard, EA; Rhine, EJ; Roberts, DJ; Splinter, WM, 1995) |
| "This is a prospective randomized double-blind trial conducted to determine whether preoperative orally administered clonidine causes or potentiates postoperative vomiting in 140 children (3-12 yr) undergoing strabismus surgery." | 5.08 | Oral clonidine premedication reduces vomiting in children after strabismus surgery. ( Asano, M; Maekawa, N; Mikawa, K; Nishina, K; Obara, H, 1995) |
| " The incidence of vomiting during the postoperative period was 31% in the codeine-group and 40% in the ketorolac-group." | 5.08 | Preoperative ketorolac increases bleeding after tonsillectomy in children. ( MacNeill, HB; Reid, CW; Rhine, EJ; Roberts, DW; Splinter, WM, 1996) |
| "Droperidol can reduce the high incidence of vomiting after pediatric strabismus surgery; however, its use may be associated with sedation, delayed hospital discharge, dysphoria and extrapyramidal signs." | 5.07 | Antiemetic prophylaxis for strabismus surgery. ( Bonn, G; Clarke, W; Noël, LP; Rhine, E; Roberts, D; Splinter, W, 1994) |
| " Our anesthetic protocol for strabismus surgery included postoperative nausea and vomiting prevention using dexamethasone and ondansetron." | 3.91 | Prospective evaluation of anesthetic protocols during pediatric ophthalmic surgery. ( Couret, C; Ducloyer, JB; Le Meur, G; Lebranchu, P; Lejus-Bourdeau, C; Magne, C; Weber, M, 2019) |
| "Midazolam and ketamine were administered consecutively by intravenous route under cardiorespiratory monitoring for painful procedures of pediatric hematology." | 3.81 | The Efficacy and Safety of Procedural Sedoanalgesia with Midazolam and Ketamine in Pediatric Hematology. ( Çakmak, E; Demirsoy, U; Gelen, SA; Sarper, N; Zengin, E, 2015) |
| "This prospective study evaluated the effects of continuous sedation using midazolam, with or without remifentanil, on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing myringoplasty." | 3.78 | Postoperative nausea and vomiting after myringoplasty under continuous sedation using midazolam with or without remifentanil. ( Hwang, SM; Jang, JS; Lee, JH; Lee, JJ; Lee, SK; Lim, SY; Park, WJ, 2012) |
| "We conducted a prospective observational study of postdischarge behavioral changes and vomiting after sedation with ketamine, ketamine/midazolam, or fentanyl/midazolam." | 3.75 | Procedural sedation and analgesia outcomes in children after discharge from the emergency department: ketamine versus fentanyl/midazolam. ( Kaye, E; Kido, MM; Krauss, B; McQueen, A; Wright, RO, 2009) |
| " Patients receiving ketamine with or without midazolam experienced fewer respiratory adverse events but more vomiting than the commonly used combination of midazolam and fentanyl." | 3.73 | Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs. ( Bajaj, L; Bothner, JP; Roback, MG; Wathen, JE, 2005) |
| " For management of postoperative muscle spasm, an intravenous benzodiazepine was used (diazepam 0." | 3.69 | Pain management for children following selective dorsal rhizotomy. ( Geiduschek, JM; Haberkern, CM; Hays, RM; Jacobson, LE; McLaughlin, JF; Roberts, TS, 1994) |
| "We report difficulty with conscious sedation of a child taking methylphenidate for attention deficit disorder and possible delayed adverse interaction of ketamine and methylphenidate resulting in severe nausea, vomiting and dehydration." | 3.69 | Unexpected interaction of methylphenidate (Ritalin) with anaesthetic agents. ( Fox, L; Ririe, DG; Ririe, KL; Sethna, NF, 1997) |
| "Children with cancer often require sedation before undergoing invasive procedures." | 3.11 | The efficacy and safety of midazolam with fentanyl versus midazolam with ketamine for bedside invasive procedural sedation in pediatric oncology patients: A randomized, double-blinded, crossover trial. ( Lertvivatpong, N; Malaithong, W; Monsereenusorn, C; Photia, A; Rujkijyanont, P; Traivaree, C, 2022) |
| " Blood samples were collected predose and at selected time points up to 24 hours after dosing with midazolam for measurement of midazolam pharmacokinetic parameters." | 2.73 | Cinacalcet does not affect the activity of cytochrome P450 3A enzymes, a metabolic pathway for common immunosuppressive agents : a randomized, open-label, crossover, single-centre study in healthy volunteers. ( Emery, M; Padhi, D; Salfi, M, 2008) |
| "Forty-five breast cancer patients were randomized into three groups: Group I--chemotherapy, control, Group II--midazolam+chemotherapy, and Group III--propofol+chemotherapy." | 2.71 | Effect of sedation with midazolam or propofol on patient's comfort during cancer chemotherapy infusion: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study in breast cancer patients. ( Argun, G; Baran, O; Dikmen Mentes, S; Ertunc, FN; Unsal, D, 2005) |
| " Pharmacokinetic variables were determined by noncompartmental analysis." | 2.70 | The influence of parecoxib, a parenteral cyclooxygenase-2 specific inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of midazolam. ( Feldman, J; Ibrahim, A; Karim, A; Kharasch, E, 2002) |
| "There were less retching, gagging and salivation in the combination group compared to midazolam alone." | 2.67 | Sedation for gastroscopy: a comparison between midazolam and midazolam with nalbuphine. ( Chin, KW; Chin, MK; Tan, PK, 1994) |
| "Midazolam was found to be more effective than ketobemidone in reducing anxiety among more tense patients--those with a VAS grading before premedication of 2 or more (P less than 0." | 2.67 | Premedication before elective breast surgery, a comparison between ketobemidone and midazolam. ( Andersson, L; Askergren, J; Davidson, S; Jakobsson, J; Nilsson, A, 1991) |
| " The purpose of this study was to identify the factors and procedure time associated with the use of intravenous sedation with propofol alone or propofol combined with midazolam in dental patients with special needs." | 1.62 | A comparative study of propofol alone and propofol combined with midazolam for dental treatments in special needs patients. ( Chen, SL; Chong, SY; Huang, MS; Huang, TS; Lin, IH; Tsai, HH; Wang, PY, 2021) |
| "The study investigated patient discharge parameters and postdischarge adverse events after discharge among children who received oral conscious sedation for dental treatment." | 1.42 | Oral Sedation Postdischarge Adverse Events in Pediatric Dental Patients. ( Huang, A; Tanbonliong, T, 2015) |
| " We characterize the fasting status of patients receiving procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric ED and assess the relationship between fasting status and adverse events." | 1.32 | Preprocedural fasting state and adverse events in children undergoing procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department. ( Agrawal, D; Gupta, R; Krauss, B; Manzi, SF, 2003) |
Research
Studies (45)
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 1 (2.22) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 17 (37.78) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 15 (33.33) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 8 (17.78) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 4 (8.89) | 2.80 |
Authors
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Cortellazzo Wiel, L | 1 |
| Monasta, L | 1 |
| Pascolo, P | 1 |
| Servidio, AG | 1 |
| Levantino, L | 1 |
| Fasoli, S | 1 |
| Saccari, A | 1 |
| Cozzi, G | 1 |
| Barbi, E | 1 |
| Monsereenusorn, C | 1 |
| Malaithong, W | 1 |
| Lertvivatpong, N | 1 |
| Photia, A | 1 |
| Rujkijyanont, P | 1 |
| Traivaree, C | 1 |
| Brant, AR | 1 |
| Reeves, MF | 1 |
| Ye, PP | 1 |
| Scott, RK | 1 |
| Floyd, S | 1 |
| Tefera, E | 1 |
| Lotke, PS | 1 |
| Lin, IH | 1 |
| Huang, MS | 1 |
| Wang, PY | 1 |
| Huang, TS | 1 |
| Chong, SY | 1 |
| Chen, SL | 1 |
| Tsai, HH | 1 |
| Ducloyer, JB | 1 |
| Couret, C | 1 |
| Magne, C | 1 |
| Lejus-Bourdeau, C | 1 |
| Weber, M | 1 |
| Le Meur, G | 1 |
| Lebranchu, P | 1 |
| Chan, S | 1 |
| Weinstein, AR | 1 |
| Ritwik, P | 1 |
| Cao, LT | 1 |
| Curran, R | 1 |
| Musselman, RJ | 1 |
| Weichselbaumer, E | 1 |
| Weixler, D | 1 |
| Gelen, SA | 1 |
| Sarper, N | 1 |
| Demirsoy, U | 1 |
| Zengin, E | 1 |
| Çakmak, E | 1 |
| Huang, A | 1 |
| Tanbonliong, T | 1 |
| Breuer, L | 1 |
| Kasper, BS | 1 |
| Schwarze, B | 1 |
| Gschossmann, JM | 1 |
| Kornhuber, J | 1 |
| Müller, HH | 1 |
| Padhi, D | 1 |
| Salfi, M | 1 |
| Emery, M | 1 |
| Chung, CJ | 1 |
| Lee, JM | 1 |
| Choi, SR | 1 |
| Lee, SC | 1 |
| Lee, JH | 2 |
| Dilli, D | 1 |
| Dallar, Y | 1 |
| Sorgui, NH | 1 |
| McQueen, A | 1 |
| Wright, RO | 1 |
| Kido, MM | 1 |
| Kaye, E | 1 |
| Krauss, B | 2 |
| Jang, JS | 1 |
| Lee, JJ | 1 |
| Park, WJ | 1 |
| Hwang, SM | 1 |
| Lee, SK | 1 |
| Lim, SY | 1 |
| Ibrahim, A | 1 |
| Karim, A | 1 |
| Feldman, J | 1 |
| Kharasch, E | 1 |
| Tamura, M | 1 |
| Nakamura, K | 1 |
| Kitamura, R | 1 |
| Kitagawa, S | 1 |
| Mori, N | 1 |
| Ueda, Y | 1 |
| Agrawal, D | 1 |
| Manzi, SF | 1 |
| Gupta, R | 1 |
| Mandalà, M | 1 |
| Cremonesi, M | 1 |
| Rocca, A | 1 |
| Cazzaniga, M | 1 |
| Ferretti, G | 1 |
| Di Cosimo, S | 1 |
| Ghilardi, M | 1 |
| Cabiddu, M | 1 |
| Barni, S | 1 |
| Roback, MG | 1 |
| Wathen, JE | 1 |
| Bajaj, L | 1 |
| Bothner, JP | 1 |
| Tobias, JD | 1 |
| Dikmen Mentes, S | 1 |
| Unsal, D | 1 |
| Baran, O | 1 |
| Argun, G | 1 |
| Ertunc, FN | 1 |
| Jacoby, J | 1 |
| Heller, M | 1 |
| Nicholas, J | 1 |
| Patel, N | 1 |
| Cesta, M | 1 |
| Smith, G | 1 |
| Jacob, S | 1 |
| Reed, J | 1 |
| Lu, DP | 1 |
| Lu, WI | 1 |
| Bleiberg, AH | 1 |
| Salvaggio, CA | 1 |
| Roy, LC | 1 |
| Kassutto, Z | 1 |
| Munro, A | 1 |
| Machonochie, I | 1 |
| Hvarfner, A | 1 |
| Hammas, B | 1 |
| Thörn, SE | 1 |
| Wattwil, M | 1 |
| Splinter, WM | 2 |
| MacNeill, HB | 2 |
| Menard, EA | 1 |
| Rhine, EJ | 2 |
| Roberts, DJ | 1 |
| Gould, MH | 1 |
| Splinter, W | 1 |
| Noël, LP | 1 |
| Roberts, D | 1 |
| Rhine, E | 1 |
| Bonn, G | 1 |
| Clarke, W | 1 |
| Chin, KW | 1 |
| Tan, PK | 1 |
| Chin, MK | 1 |
| Geiduschek, JM | 1 |
| Haberkern, CM | 1 |
| McLaughlin, JF | 1 |
| Jacobson, LE | 1 |
| Hays, RM | 1 |
| Roberts, TS | 1 |
| Di Florio, T | 2 |
| Goucke, R | 1 |
| Bryant, DG | 1 |
| Williams, MD | 1 |
| Mikawa, K | 1 |
| Nishina, K | 1 |
| Maekawa, N | 1 |
| Asano, M | 1 |
| Obara, H | 1 |
| Rose, JB | 1 |
| Brenn, BR | 1 |
| Corddry, DH | 1 |
| Thomas, PC | 1 |
| Roberts, DW | 1 |
| Reid, CW | 1 |
| Ririe, DG | 1 |
| Ririe, KL | 1 |
| Sethna, NF | 1 |
| Fox, L | 1 |
| Sanderson, PM | 1 |
| Loeb, P | 1 |
| Adnet, P | 1 |
| Boittiaux, P | 1 |
| Forget, AP | 1 |
| Mille, FX | 1 |
| Parnis, SJ | 1 |
| Foate, JA | 1 |
| van der Walt, JH | 1 |
| Short, T | 1 |
| Crowe, CE | 1 |
| Jakobsson, J | 1 |
| Andersson, L | 1 |
| Nilsson, A | 1 |
| Davidson, S | 1 |
| Askergren, J | 1 |
| Jakobbson, J | 1 |
| Andreen, M | 1 |
| Westgren, M | 1 |
| Thomasson, K | 1 |
| Olynyk, JK | 1 |
| Cullen, SR | 1 |
| Leahy, MF | 1 |
Clinical Trials (6)
Trial Overview
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gabapentin as an Adjunct for Pain Management During Dilation and Evacuation: A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT03635905] | Phase 4 | 130 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-05-26 | Completed | ||
| Do Patients Need Pre-Procedural Fasting for Coronary Artery Procedures?[NCT02562638] | 240 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2015-10-31 | Not yet recruiting | |||
| A Comparison of Dexmedetomidine Versus Propofol for Use in Intravenous Sedation[NCT03255824] | Phase 4 | 144 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-03-20 | Completed | ||
| Comparison of Ketamine Versus Co-Administration of Ketamine and Propofol for Procedural Sedation in a Pediatric Emergency Department[NCT01387139] | Phase 3 | 183 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-01-31 | Completed | ||
| US Guided Interscalene Block Compared With Sedation for Shoulder Dislocation Reduction in the ER[NCT03041506] | 90 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2017-02-15 | Not yet recruiting | |||
| Positive Imagery Therapy and the Incidence of Emergence Reactions With the Use of Ketamine[NCT04746079] | 180 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-02-05 | Recruiting | |||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
Trial Outcomes
Cooperation Scale
Surgeon satisfaction is measured by the Cooperation Scale. Minimum score of 0 and maximum of 9. Higher indicates a worse outcome (i.e., discomfort and movement) (NCT03255824)
Timeframe: 15 minutes following surgery
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Propofol Group | 2.07 |
| Dexmedetomidine Group | 1.47 |
Hemodynamic Stability - Blood Pressure
"To compare the differences in hemodynamic stability using a D/M combination compared to the MFP combination. (In this study, a deviation from baseline by 20% or greater will be considered clinically significant)~a. Change in blood pressure (NIBP) (change ≥ 20%) Blood pressure is presented as mean arterial pressure" (NCT03255824)
Timeframe: During the procedure, up to 40 minutes
| Intervention | mm Hg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Propofol Group | 78 |
| Dexmedetomidine Group | 88 |
Hemodynamic Stability - Heart Rate
"To compare the differences in hemodynamic stability using a D/M combination compared to the MFP combination. (In this study, a deviation from baseline of both the blood pressure and heart rate by 20% or greater will be considered clinically significant)~a. Change in heart rate (change ≥ 20 BPM)" (NCT03255824)
Timeframe: During the procedure, up to 40 minutes
| Intervention | beats per minute (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Propofol Group | 77 |
| Dexmedetomidine Group | 62 |
Patient Satisfaction
"Visual Analog Scale was used to measure overall satisfaction with the IV sedation and memory of the procedure.~The minimum score is 0 (not satisfied at all) to a maximum score of 100 (completely satisfied).~A higher score is a better outcome." (NCT03255824)
Timeframe: 30 minutes following surgery
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Propofol Group | 93.5 |
| Dexmedetomidine Group | 86.6 |
Postoperative Recovery Time - Ambulation
"To assess whether a D/M combination increases postoperative recovery time when compared the MFP combination.~a. Time to ambulation (to recovery room) will be recorded" (NCT03255824)
Timeframe: After the procedure until ambulation, up to 20 minutes
| Intervention | minutes (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Propofol Group | 10.8 |
| Dexmedetomidine Group | 11.6 |
Postoperative Recovery Time - Duration of Procedure
"To assess whether a D/M combination increases postoperative recovery time when compared the MFP combination.~a. Duration of procedure will be recorded" (NCT03255824)
Timeframe: During the procedure, up to 40 minutes
| Intervention | MINUTES (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Propofol Group | 24.2 |
| Dexmedetomidine Group | 22.1 |
Postoperative Recovery Time - Time to Discharge
"To assess whether a D/M combination increases postoperative recovery time when compared the MFP combination.~a. Time to discharge or virtual discharge (comparative statistic) - Aldrete score of ≥ 9 or pre-procedure score is met The minimum score is 0 and the maximum score is 10. A higher score indicates wakefulness, hemodynamically stable, and able to ambulate.~ii. All subjects are required to stay a minimum of 30 minutes after the end of the procedure. Therefore, at least two postoperative vital sign readings will be obtained. If the subject meets discharge criteria prior to 30 minutes, this time will be the virtual discharge time" (NCT03255824)
Timeframe: After the procedure until discharge, up to 45 minutes
| Intervention | minutes (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Propofol Group | 26.5 |
| Dexmedetomidine Group | 29.9 |
Reaction to Administration of Local Anesthesia
"To compare the groups regarding movement of the patient during the first injection of local anesthesia during the IVS at time of injection measured using the Behavioral Pain Scale - Non-Intubated patients.~The minimum value is 3 and the maximum value is 12. Higher scores mean a worse outcome (i.e., more pain and movement on injection)" (NCT03255824)
Timeframe: During the first injection of local anesthesia during surgery
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Propofol Group | 3.9 |
| Dexmedetomidine Group | 4.2 |
Respiratory Depression - Oxygen Saturation
"To assess whether a D/M combination leads to a significant change in respiratory depression compared to the MFP combination.~a. Change in arterial oxygen saturation (as measured by pulse oximeter) i. number of events of ≤92%" (NCT03255824)
Timeframe: During the procedure, up to 40 minutes
| Intervention | Saturation percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Propofol Group | 98.7 |
| Dexmedetomidine Group | 98.9 |
Respiratory Depression - Respiratory Rate
"To assess whether a D/M combination leads to a significant change in respiratory depression compared to the MFP combination.~a. Change in respiratory rate (change ≥ 20%)" (NCT03255824)
Timeframe: During the procedure, up to 40 minutes
| Intervention | breaths per minute (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Propofol Group | 18 |
| Dexmedetomidine Group | 18 |
Respiratory Events Requiring Intervention
To compare the groups regarding the number of respiratory events requiring intervention, described as: Chin lift/jaw thrust, Tongue thrust, Yankauer suctioning, Positive pressure oxygen administration, Placement of an oral or nasal airway. (NCT03255824)
Timeframe: During surgery
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Propofol Group | 17 |
| Dexmedetomidine Group | 2 |
Surgeon Satisfaction - Survey
"Surgeon satisfaction was measured by the surgeon grading the Operating Conditions scale.~The minimum value was 0 and the maximum was 3. 0=very poor, 1=poor, 2=fair, 3=good" (NCT03255824)
Timeframe: 15 minutes following surgery
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Propofol Group | 2.8 |
| Dexmedetomidine Group | 2.9 |
Efficacy of Sedation
"Efficacy is defined as:~The patient does not have unpleasant recall of the procedure.~The patient did not experience sedation-related adverse events resulting in abandonment of the procedure or a permanent complication or an unplanned admission to the hospital or prolonged emergency department (ED) observation~The patient did not actively resist or require physical restraint for completion of the procedure. The need for minimal redirection of movements should not be considered as active resistance or physical restraint.~The procedure was successful" (NCT01387139)
Timeframe: After procedure is completed, on average less than 1 hour
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ketamine Alone | 97 |
| Ketamine Co-Administered With Propofol | 81 |
Nurse Satisfaction
Measured on a 10-point scale (1= least satisfied, 10= most satisfied) (NCT01387139)
Timeframe: After procedure is completed, on average less than 1 hour
| Intervention | units on a scale (Median) |
|---|---|
| Ketamine Alone | 10 |
| Ketamine Co-Administered With Propofol | 8 |
Parent Satisfaction
Measured on a 10-point scale (1= least satisfied, 10= most satisfied) (NCT01387139)
Timeframe: After procedure is completed, on average less than 1 hour
| Intervention | units on a scale (1-10) (Median) |
|---|---|
| Ketamine Alone | 10 |
| Ketamine Co-Administered With Propofol | 10 |
Physician Performing Procedure Satisfaction
Measured on a 10-point scale (1= least satisfied, 10= most satisfied) (NCT01387139)
Timeframe: After procedure is completed, on average less than 1 hour
| Intervention | units on a scale (Median) |
|---|---|
| Ketamine Alone | 9 |
| Ketamine Co-Administered With Propofol | 8 |
Recovery Time
Time until the patient has a Vancouver Sedation Recovery Scale Score of 18 or greater. (NCT01387139)
Timeframe: Once Vancouver Sedation Recovery Scale Score reaches 18 or greater, on average less than 1 hour
| Intervention | minutes (Median) |
|---|---|
| Ketamine Alone | 44 |
| Ketamine Co-Administered With Propofol | 43.5 |
Frequency of Adverse Events
We will record all adverse events during the sedation, and then perform a follow-up call to determine if any additional adverse events occured after discharge. (NCT01387139)
Timeframe: From enrollment through completion of follow-up, up to 7 days
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Respiratory depression | Cardiovascular event | vomiting/retching | Unpleasant recovery reaction | |
| Ketamine Alone | 12 | 1 | 21 | 4 |
| Ketamine Co-Administered With Propofol | 15 | 0 | 18 | 2 |
Reviews
1 review available for midazolam and Emesis
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Midazolam or ketamine for procedural sedation of children in the emergency department.
Topics: Anesthetics, Dissociative; Child; Child, Preschool; Conscious Sedation; Emergency Medicine; Humans; | 2007 |
Trials
20 trials available for midazolam and Emesis
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
The efficacy and safety of midazolam with fentanyl versus midazolam with ketamine for bedside invasive procedural sedation in pediatric oncology patients: A randomized, double-blinded, crossover trial.
Topics: Child; Cross-Over Studies; Fentanyl; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Ketamine; Midazolam; Neoplasms | 2022 |
Gabapentin as an adjunct for pain management during dilation and evacuation: A double-blind randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Dilatation; Double-Blind Method; Female; Fentanyl; Gabapentin; Humans; Midazolam; Nausea; Pain; Pain | 2023 |
Cinacalcet does not affect the activity of cytochrome P450 3A enzymes, a metabolic pathway for common immunosuppressive agents : a randomized, open-label, crossover, single-centre study in healthy volunteers.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Area Under Curve; Calcium; Calcium Channel Agonists; Cinaca | 2008 |
Effect of remifentanil on oculocardiac reflex in paediatric strabismus surgery.
Topics: Anesthesia; Blood Pressure; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Infant; Male; Midaz | 2008 |
Intravenous ketamine plus midazolam vs. intravenous ketamine for sedation in lumbar puncture: a randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Child; Confidence Intervals; Dizzin | 2008 |
The influence of parecoxib, a parenteral cyclooxygenase-2 specific inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of midazolam.
Topics: Adult; Area Under Curve; Biotransformation; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; Cytoc | 2002 |
Oral premedication with fentanyl may be a safe and effective alternative to oral midazolam.
Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Administration, Oral; Age Distribution; Body Weight; Child, Preschool; Consci | 2003 |
Midazolam for acute emesis refractory to dexamethasone and granisetron after highly emetogenic chemotherapy: a phase II study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Antineoplastic Agents; Cisplatin; Dexamethasone; Female; Graniset | 2005 |
Effect of sedation with midazolam or propofol on patient's comfort during cancer chemotherapy infusion: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study in breast cancer patients.
Topics: Adult; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Antineoplastic Agents; Anxiety; Breast Neoplasms; Double-Blind Meth | 2005 |
Etomidate versus midazolam for out-of-hospital intubation: a prospective, randomized trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Allied Health Personnel; Attitude of Health Personnel; B | 2006 |
The influence of propofol on vomiting induced by apomorphine.
Topics: Adult; Apomorphine; Conscious Sedation; Humans; Male; Midazolam; Propofol; Vomiting | 1995 |
Midazolam reduces vomiting after tonsillectomy in children.
Topics: Adenoidectomy; Adolescent; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, I | 1995 |
Antiemetic prophylaxis for strabismus surgery.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Droperidol; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Midazolam; Oculomotor Mu | 1994 |
Sedation for gastroscopy: a comparison between midazolam and midazolam with nalbuphine.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Conscious Sedation; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gagging; Gastroscopy; Huma | 1994 |
Oral clonidine premedication reduces vomiting in children after strabismus surgery.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, N | 1995 |
Preoperative oral ondansetron for pediatric tonsillectomy.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Antiemetics; Child; Child, Pr | 1996 |
Preoperative ketorolac increases bleeding after tonsillectomy in children.
Topics: Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthet | 1996 |
Oral midazolam is an effective premedication for children having day-stay anaesthesia.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhala | 1992 |
Premedication before elective breast surgery, a comparison between ketobemidone and midazolam.
Topics: Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Anxiety; Breast; Female; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Meperidine; Mi | 1991 |
Discomfort after outpatient abortion using paracervical block: a comparison between two opioids and one non-opioid drug for premedication.
Topics: Abortion, Induced; Adult; Ambulatory Care; Anesthesia, Local; Anxiety; Female; Humans; Meperidine; M | 1990 |
Other Studies
24 other studies available for midazolam and Emesis
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Recovery characteristics and parental satisfaction in pediatric procedural sedation.
Topics: Child; Conscious Sedation; Dexmedetomidine; Hallucinations; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Ketamin | 2022 |
A comparative study of propofol alone and propofol combined with midazolam for dental treatments in special needs patients.
Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Administration, Intravenous; Adolescent; Adult; Affective Symptoms; Child; Co | 2021 |
Prospective evaluation of anesthetic protocols during pediatric ophthalmic surgery.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Anesthesia, Local; Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Anti-Anxiety Agen | 2019 |
Seizure as the Presenting Symptom for Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome.
Topics: Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome; Buffers; Calcium Gluconate; Electroencephalography; Female; Huma | 2019 |
Post-sedation events in children sedated for dental care.
Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Dental; Child; Child Behavior; Child, Preschool; Conscious Sedati | 2013 |
[Palliative sedation for psycho-existential suffering].
Topics: Attitude to Death; Austria; Caregivers; Conscious Sedation; Ethics, Medical; Existentialism; Female; | 2014 |
The Efficacy and Safety of Procedural Sedoanalgesia with Midazolam and Ketamine in Pediatric Hematology.
Topics: Adolescent; Analgesia; Analgesics; Bone Marrow Examination; Child; Child, Preschool; Deep Sedation; | 2015 |
Oral Sedation Postdischarge Adverse Events in Pediatric Dental Patients.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child | 2015 |
"Herbal seizures"--atypical symptoms after ibogaine intoxication: a case report.
Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Hallucinogens; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Ibog | 2015 |
Procedural sedation and analgesia outcomes in children after discharge from the emergency department: ketamine versus fentanyl/midazolam.
Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Emergency Service | 2009 |
Postoperative nausea and vomiting after myringoplasty under continuous sedation using midazolam with or without remifentanil.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Female; Humans; Male; Midazolam; Middle Aged; Myringoplasty; Piperidines; Postop | 2012 |
Preprocedural fasting state and adverse events in children undergoing procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department.
Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Analgesia; Anesthetics, Combined; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloral Hydrate; C | 2003 |
Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort S | 2005 |
Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort S | 2005 |
Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort S | 2005 |
Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort S | 2005 |
Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort S | 2005 |
Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort S | 2005 |
Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort S | 2005 |
Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort S | 2005 |
Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort S | 2005 |
Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort S | 2005 |
Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort S | 2005 |
Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort S | 2005 |
Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort S | 2005 |
Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort S | 2005 |
Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort S | 2005 |
Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort S | 2005 |
Dexmedetomidine in the treatment of cyclic vomiting syndrome.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Bradycardia; Child; Clonidine; Dexmedetomidine; Humans; Hypnotics and Sed | 2005 |
Practical oral sedation in dentistry. Part II--Clinical application of various oral sedatives and discussion.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Dental; Child; Child, | 2006 |
Low-dose ketamine: efficacy in pediatric sedation.
Topics: Adolescent; Atropine; Child; Child, Preschool; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Evaluation; Dr | 2007 |
Pain management for children following selective dorsal rhizotomy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics; Bupiva | 1994 |
Reduction of dopamine release and postoperative emesis by benzodiazepines.
Topics: Animals; Dopamine; Flunitrazepam; Midazolam; Postoperative Complications; Rats; Vomiting | 1993 |
"Poswillo'.
Topics: Anesthesia, Dental; Conscious Sedation; Dental Care for Disabled; Diabetes Mellitus; Fasting; Humans | 1993 |
Unexpected interaction of methylphenidate (Ritalin) with anaesthetic agents.
Topics: Anesthetics, Dissociative; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Central Nervous System Sti | 1997 |
A survey of pentobarbital sedation for children undergoing abdominal CT scans after oral contrast medium.
Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Administration, Oral; Airway Obstruction; Anesthesiology; Bronchial Spasm; Ch | 1997 |
[Benzodiazepine withdrawal presenting as pseudo-surgical abdominal pain].
Topics: Abdomen, Acute; Adult; Alprazolam; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Bromazepam; Diagnosis, Differential; Headach | 1997 |
The use of midazolam for persistent postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Midazolam; Nausea; Postoperative Complications; Vomiting | 1992 |
Midazolam: an effective antiemetic agent for cytotoxic chemotherapy.
Topics: Antiemetics; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Humans; Midazolam; Nausea; Vomiting | 1989 |