Page last updated: 2024-10-31

midazolam and Chemical Dependence

midazolam has been researched along with Chemical Dependence in 39 studies

Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.
midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"We found that ketamine leads to significantly greater mystical-type effects (by Hood Mysticism Scale) and dissociation (by Clinician Administered Dissociative States Scale) compared to the active control."5.41Mystical-type experiences occasioned by ketamine mediate its impact on at-risk drinking: Results from a randomized, controlled trial. ( Azhari, N; Dakwar, E; Haug, NA; Rothberg, RL, 2021)
"Myocardial infarction is a rare and lethal event during pregnancy with an incidence of 1 in 10,000 pregnancies."5.28Anaesthetic management of a parturient with myocardial infarction related to cocaine use. ( Chen, K; Forrester, RM; Glassenberg, R; Liu, SS; Murphy, GS, 1992)
" The mechanism of action analysis revealed that ketamine directly targets multiple CUD-associated genes (BDNF, CNR1, DRD2, GABRA2, GABRB3, GAD1, OPRK1, OPRM1, SLC6A3, SLC6A4) and pathways implicated in neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, cAMP signaling and cocaine abuse/dependence."4.31Repurposing ketamine to treat cocaine use disorder: integration of artificial intelligence-based prediction, expert evaluation, clinical corroboration and mechanism of action analyses. ( Davis, PB; Gao, Z; Ghitza, UE; Gorenflo, M; Kaelber, DC; Winhusen, TJ; Xu, R, 2023)
"Treatment with carisoprodol and phenobarbital provided additional benefit and can be considered in cases of severe carisoprodol withdrawal."1.46Severe Carisoprodol Withdrawal After a 14-Year Addiction and Acute Overdose. ( Benowitz, NL; Horng, H; Smollin, CG; Vo, KT, 2017)
"Propofol is an addictive drug, and the problem of its abuse and dependence has occurred."1.42Increased use in propofol and reported patterns of adverse events among anesthetics in Korea. ( Kim, MH; Park, BJ; Park, HJ; Shin, JY, 2015)
" Compared with the alcohol and control groups, the opioid group used a statistically higher mean medication dosage to achieve sedation."1.42Chronic Opioid Users Are More Difficult to Sedate than Alcoholics and Controls. ( Clayton, S; Gill, J; Patel, R; Quintero, E, 2015)
"Anxiety disorders and substance abuse, including benzodiazepine use disorder, frequently occur together."1.39Genetic markers of a Munc13 protein family member, BAIAP3, are gender specifically associated with anxiety and benzodiazepine abuse in mice and humans. ( Augustin, I; Begemann, M; Brose, N; Ehrenreich, H; Gurvich, A; Ju, A; Man, KN; Müller-Ribbe, K; Papiol, S; Ronnenberg, A; Shin, Y; Stepniak, B; Tantra, M; Wojcik, SM, 2013)
"Midazolam was the most commonly used BZD."1.34Concomitant use of midazolam and buprenorphine and its implications among drug users in Singapore. ( Chan, YH; Mythily, S; Ng, WL; Song, G; Winslow, M, 2007)
"Ramelteon did not produce benzodiazepine-like discriminative stimulus effects at doses up to 10 mg/kg."1.33Acute and chronic effects of ramelteon in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): dependence liability studies. ( Cruź, CM; France, CP; Koek, W; McMahon, LR; Weltman, RH, 2006)
" The switch to oral agents must take into consideration the differences in potency, half-life, and oral bioavailability between the agents."1.29Outpatient therapy of iatrogenic drug dependency following prolonged sedation in the pediatric intensive care unit. ( Deshpande, JK; Gregory, DF; Tobias, JD, 1994)
"Myocardial infarction is a rare and lethal event during pregnancy with an incidence of 1 in 10,000 pregnancies."1.28Anaesthetic management of a parturient with myocardial infarction related to cocaine use. ( Chen, K; Forrester, RM; Glassenberg, R; Liu, SS; Murphy, GS, 1992)
"Zolpidem is a new, short-acting hypnotic of imidazopyridine structure which binds selectively to a subpopulation of receptors involved in the action of benzodiazepines [omega 1 (BZ1) sites of the gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptors]."1.28Lack of tolerance and physical dependence upon repeated treatment with the novel hypnotic zolpidem. ( Morel, E; Perrault, G; Sanger, DJ; Zivkovic, B, 1992)
" Using a cumulative dosing procedure, PTZ substituted for PTZ, and MDZ, chlordiazepoxide and diazepam (DZP) substituted for MDZ, in a dose-dependent manner."1.28Tolerance, cross-tolerance and withdrawal in rats made dependent on diazepam. ( Boone, MS; Emmett-Oglesby, MW; Pugh, SL, 1992)
"Midazolam is a new ultra short-acting benzodiazepine whose physical dependence properties have not been well characterized."1.28Tolerance and physical dependence to a short-acting benzodiazepine, midazolam. ( Boisse, NR; Guarino, JJ; Quaglietta, N; Samoriski, GM, 1990)
" In naive animals, after the chronic administration of midazolam at 0."1.27[Drug dependence tests on a new anesthesia inducer, midazolam]. ( Hakkei, M; Kubota, A; Kuwahara, A; Nakamura, K, 1986)

Research

Studies (39)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19906 (15.38)18.7374
1990's14 (35.90)18.2507
2000's7 (17.95)29.6817
2010's8 (20.51)24.3611
2020's4 (10.26)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Ikram, H1
Tasneem, S1
Perveen, S1
Zakir, R1
Jabeen Haleem, D1
Gao, Z1
Winhusen, TJ1
Gorenflo, M1
Ghitza, UE1
Davis, PB1
Kaelber, DC1
Xu, R1
Schippers, F1
Pesic, M1
Saunders, R1
Borkett, K1
Searle, S1
Webster, L1
Stoehr, T1
Rothberg, RL1
Azhari, N1
Haug, NA1
Dakwar, E1
Soberón, JR1
King, JJ1
Wojcik, SM1
Tantra, M1
Stepniak, B1
Man, KN1
Müller-Ribbe, K1
Begemann, M1
Ju, A1
Papiol, S1
Ronnenberg, A1
Gurvich, A1
Shin, Y1
Augustin, I1
Brose, N1
Ehrenreich, H1
Shin, JY2
Lee, SH1
Shin, SM1
Kim, MH2
Park, SG1
Park, BJ2
Park, HJ1
Patel, R1
Clayton, S1
Quintero, E1
Gill, J1
Vo, KT1
Horng, H1
Smollin, CG1
Benowitz, NL1
Asl, BH1
Hassanzadeh, K1
Khezri, E1
Mohammadi, S1
Gerak, LR2
Isbister, GK1
Calver, LA1
Page, CB1
Stokes, B1
Bryant, JL1
Downes, MA1
Bai, X1
France, CP2
Caldicott, DG1
Edwards, NA1
Kruys, A1
Kirkbride, KP1
Sims, DN1
Byard, RW1
Prior, M1
Irvine, RJ1
Weltman, RH1
Koek, W1
Cruź, CM1
McMahon, LR1
Raffa, RB1
Cavallo, F1
Capasso, A1
Ng, WL1
Mythily, S1
Song, G1
Chan, YH1
Winslow, M1
Spain, D1
Crilly, J1
Whyte, I1
Jenner, L1
Carr, V1
Baker, A1
Tobias, JD1
Deshpande, JK1
Gregory, DF1
Evans, EB1
Balster, RL1
Yaster, M1
Kost-Byerly, S1
Berde, C1
Billet, C1
Mariathasan, EA1
Stolerman, IP1
White, JA1
Weerts, EM1
Kaminski, BJ1
Griffiths, RR2
Perera, I1
Lim, L1
Augsburger, M1
Giroud, C1
Rivier, L1
Tracqui, A1
Mangin, P1
Loeb, P1
Adnet, P1
Boittiaux, P1
Forget, AP1
Mille, FX1
Liu, SS1
Forrester, RM1
Murphy, GS1
Chen, K1
Glassenberg, R1
Perrault, G1
Morel, E1
Sanger, DJ1
Zivkovic, B1
Pugh, SL1
Boone, MS1
Emmett-Oglesby, MW1
Vigorito, M1
Lau, CE1
Tang, M3
Falk, JL3
Sannerud, CA1
Allen, M1
Cook, JM1
Boisse, NR1
Quaglietta, N1
Samoriski, GM1
Guarino, JJ1
Yutrzenka, GJ1
Patrick, GA1
Rosenberger, W1
Podnos, B1
Fraenkel, HM1
Kubota, A1
Kuwahara, A1
Hakkei, M1
Nakamura, K1

Clinical Trials (1)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Ketamine Versus Midazolam for Prehospital Agitation[NCT03554915]314 participants (Actual)Observational2017-08-01Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Reviews

2 reviews available for midazolam and Chemical Dependence

ArticleYear
The management of opioid and benzodiazepine dependence in infants, children, and adolescents.
    Pediatrics, 1996, Volume: 98, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Admini

1996
Amineptine and midazolam dependence.
    Singapore medical journal, 1998, Volume: 39, Issue:3

    Topics: Anti-Anxiety Agents; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Dibenzocycloheptenes; Follow-Up Studies; Huma

1998

Trials

3 trials available for midazolam and Chemical Dependence

ArticleYear
Randomized Crossover Trial to Compare Abuse Liability of Intravenous Remimazolam Versus Intravenous Midazolam and Placebo in Recreational Central Nervous System Depressant Users.
    Journal of clinical pharmacology, 2020, Volume: 60, Issue:9

    Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Adolescent; Adult; Amnesia; Benzodiazepines; Central Nervous System Dep

2020
Mystical-type experiences occasioned by ketamine mediate its impact on at-risk drinking: Results from a randomized, controlled trial.
    Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2021, Volume: 35, Issue:2

    Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Behavior, Addictive; Dissociative Disorders; Double-Blind Method; Female; Hallucin

2021
Randomized controlled trial of intramuscular droperidol versus midazolam for violence and acute behavioral disturbance: the DORM study.
    Annals of emergency medicine, 2010, Volume: 56, Issue:4

    Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aggression; Double-Blind Method; Droperidol; Drug Therapy, Combination; Emerge

2010

Other Studies

34 other studies available for midazolam and Chemical Dependence

ArticleYear
Neurochemical and behavioral effects of fluoxetine on midazolam induce dependence in an animal model of addiction.
    Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2021, Volume: 34, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Drug Interactions; Fluoxetine; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Midazolam;

2021
Repurposing ketamine to treat cocaine use disorder: integration of artificial intelligence-based prediction, expert evaluation, clinical corroboration and mechanism of action analyses.
    Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2023, Volume: 118, Issue:7

    Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Artificial Intelligence; Cocaine; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Drug Repositioni

2023
Substance abuse in the anesthesia block room by a patient.
    Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2017, Volume: 43

    Topics: Anesthesia, Intravenous; Elective Surgical Procedures; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Ketamine; Mi

2017
Genetic markers of a Munc13 protein family member, BAIAP3, are gender specifically associated with anxiety and benzodiazepine abuse in mice and humans.
    Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.), 2013, Jul-24, Volume: 19

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anticonvulsants; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Diazepam; Female; Humans;

2013
Prescribing patterns of the four most commonly used sedatives in endoscopic examination in Korea: propofol, midazolam, diazepam, and lorazepam.
    Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP, 2015, Volume: 71, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diazepam; Drug Prescriptions; Drug Utilization Review; E

2015
Increased use in propofol and reported patterns of adverse events among anesthetics in Korea.
    Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP, 2015, Volume: 71, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Aged; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Child; C

2015
Chronic Opioid Users Are More Difficult to Sedate than Alcoholics and Controls.
    Southern medical journal, 2015, Volume: 108, Issue:12

    Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Colonoscopy; Conscious Sedation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fema

2015
Severe Carisoprodol Withdrawal After a 14-Year Addiction and Acute Overdose.
    The Journal of emergency medicine, 2017, Volume: 52, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Carisoprodol; Dexmedetomidine; Drug Overdose; Fentanyl; Haloperidol; Humans; Hypnotics and Se

2017
Evaluation the effects of dextromethorphan and midazolam on morphine induced tolerance and dependence in mice.
    Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, 2008, Jul-01, Volume: 11, Issue:13

    Topics: Animals; Dextromethorphan; Drug Tolerance; Male; Mice; Midazolam; Morphine; Naloxone; Substance-Rela

2008
Selective changes in sensitivity to benzodiazepines, and not other positive GABA(A) modulators, in rats receiving flunitrazepam chronically.
    Psychopharmacology, 2009, Volume: 204, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Benzodiazepines; Binding Sites; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Tolerance; Flunitraz

2009
The discriminative stimulus effects of midazolam are resistant to modulation by morphine, amphetamine, dizocilpine, and γ-butyrolactone in rhesus monkeys.
    Psychopharmacology, 2011, Volume: 217, Issue:4

    Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Amphetamine; Animals; Codependency, Psychological; Discrimination, Psychological; D

2011
Dancing with "death": p-methoxyamphetamine overdose and its acute management.
    Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology, 2003, Volume: 41, Issue:2

    Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Amphetamines; Chromatography, Gas; Drug Overdose; Female; Glasgow Coma Scale;

2003
Acute and chronic effects of ramelteon in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): dependence liability studies.
    Behavioral neuroscience, 2006, Volume: 120, Issue:3

    Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Benzodiazepines; Conditioning, Classical; Condition

2006
Flumazenil-sensitive dose-related physical dependence in planarians produced by two benzodiazepine and one non-benzodiazepine benzodiazepine-receptor agonists.
    European journal of pharmacology, 2007, Jun-14, Volume: 564, Issue:1-3

    Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Benzodiazepines; Clorazepate Dipotassium; Dose-Response Relationship,

2007
Concomitant use of midazolam and buprenorphine and its implications among drug users in Singapore.
    Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore, 2007, Volume: 36, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Buprenorphine; Female; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Midazolam; Middle Aged; Narcoti

2007
Safety and effectiveness of high-dose midazolam for severe behavioural disturbance in an emergency department with suspected psychostimulant-affected patients.
    Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA, 2008, Volume: 20, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Glasgow Coma Scale; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Mal

2008
Outpatient therapy of iatrogenic drug dependency following prolonged sedation in the pediatric intensive care unit.
    Intensive care medicine, 1994, Volume: 20, Issue:7

    Topics: Child; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Iatrogenic Disease; Infant; Lorazepam; Male; Methadone; Midazolam;

1994
Inhaled 1,1,1-trichloroethane-produced physical dependence in mice: effects of drugs and vapors on withdrawal.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1993, Volume: 264, Issue:2

    Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Animals; Chlorpromazine; Ethanol; Male; Mice; Midazolam; Pentobarbital;

1993
Antagonism of AND and AND-OR drug mixture discriminations in rats.
    Drug and alcohol dependence, 1997, Jan-10, Volume: 44, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Association Learning; Conditioning, Operant; Discrimination Learning;

1997
Stable low-rate midazolam self-injection with concurrent physical dependence under conditions of long-term continuous availability in baboons.
    Psychopharmacology, 1998, Volume: 135, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Feeding Behavior; Flumazenil; Male; Midazolam; Papio; Self Administrat

1998
Car crash after massive ingestion of digoxin and midazolam.
    International journal of legal medicine, 1998, Volume: 111, Issue:4

    Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Autopsy; Cardiotonic Agents; Digoxin; Humans; Hypnotics

1998
[Benzodiazepine withdrawal presenting as pseudo-surgical abdominal pain].
    Annales francaises d'anesthesie et de reanimation, 1997, Volume: 16, Issue:5

    Topics: Abdomen, Acute; Adult; Alprazolam; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Bromazepam; Diagnosis, Differential; Headach

1997
Anaesthetic management of a parturient with myocardial infarction related to cocaine use.
    Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1992, Volume: 39, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Crack Cocaine; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; La

1992
Lack of tolerance and physical dependence upon repeated treatment with the novel hypnotic zolpidem.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1992, Volume: 263, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Drug Tolerance; Electroshock; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Isoniaz

1992
Tolerance, cross-tolerance and withdrawal in rats made dependent on diazepam.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1992, Volume: 262, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Chlordiazepoxide; Diazepam; Discrimination Learning; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug

1992
Midazolam withdrawal and discriminative motor control: effects of FG 7142 and Ro 15-1788.
    Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1991, Volume: 39, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Carbolines; Discrimination, Psychological; Dose-Response Relationship, Dru

1991
Behavioral effects of benzodiazepine ligands in non-dependent, diazepam-dependent and diazepam-withdrawn baboons.
    European journal of pharmacology, 1991, Sep-17, Volume: 202, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Benzodiazepines; Carbolines; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug;

1991
Tolerance and physical dependence to a short-acting benzodiazepine, midazolam.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1990, Volume: 252, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Tole

1990
Substitution of temazepam and midazolam in pentobarbital-dependent rats.
    Physiology & behavior, 1989, Volume: 46, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Arousal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred St

1989
Are two dead doctors enough?
    The Journal of the Florida Medical Association, 1986, Volume: 73, Issue:12

    Topics: Florida; Humans; Interprofessional Relations; Midazolam; Pentazocine; Physician Impairment; Substanc

1986
Midazolam oral self-administration.
    Drug and alcohol dependence, 1985, Volume: 15, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Benzodiazepines; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Humans; Male; Midazola

1985
Development of physical dependence on midazolam by oral self-administration.
    Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1987, Volume: 26, Issue:4

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Male; Midazolam; Rats; Self Administration; Substance-Related Disorde

1987
[Approval of midazolam as a sedative is undesirable].
    Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 1986, Sep-20, Volume: 130, Issue:38

    Topics: Humans; Midazolam; Sleep Wake Disorders; Substance-Related Disorders

1986
[Drug dependence tests on a new anesthesia inducer, midazolam].
    Nihon yakurigaku zasshi. Folia pharmacologica Japonica, 1986, Volume: 88, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Injections, Intravenous; Macaca fascicularis; Male; Midazolam; Pentobarbital; Self Administ

1986