metronidazole and Vulvovaginitis studies

Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.
metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.

Vulvovaginitis: Inflammation of the VULVA and the VAGINA, characterized by discharge, burning, and PRURITUS.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Vulvovaginitis is the most observed genital disease in children and adolescents and dependent from different etiologic factors."	5.27	[Treatment of vulvovaginitis in children and adolescents with metronidazole]. ( Amon, K; Scharp, H, 1984)
" For this reason, the present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of octenidine dihydrochloride/phenoxyethanol (OHP) in comparison to antimicrobial therapies in pregnant women in hospital suffering from different types of vaginitis."	3.81	Study results on the use of different therapies for the treatment of vaginitis in hospitalised pregnant women. ( Novakov Mikić, A; Stojic, S, 2015)
"Vulvovaginal candidiasis affects 75% of women at least once."	1.42	Vulvovaginitis: screening for and management of trichomoniasis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and bacterial vaginosis. ( van Schalkwyk, J; Yudin, MH, 2015)
"Vulvovaginitis is the most observed genital disease in children and adolescents and dependent from different etiologic factors."	1.27	[Treatment of vulvovaginitis in children and adolescents with metronidazole]. ( Amon, K; Scharp, H, 1984)
" The dosage of metronidazole was about 10 or 20 mg/kg b."	1.27	Disposition kinetics of metronidazole in children. ( Amon, I; Amon, K; Franke, G; Nagel, F; Scharp, H, 1983)
"Metronidazole was used only for resistant cases of trichomoniasis, with a cure rate of over 80% when both partners were treated simultaneously."	1.24	CLINICAL TRIALS WITH AGENTS CURRENTLY USED IN THE MANAGEMENT OF VAGINITIS. ( O'BRIEN, JR, 1964)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	45 (84.91)	18.7374
1990's	4 (7.55)	18.2507
2000's	2 (3.77)	29.6817
2010's	2 (3.77)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Novakov Mikić, A	1
Stojic, S	1
van Schalkwyk, J	1
Yudin, MH	1
Lo, M	1
Reid, M	1
Brokenshire, M	1
COSAR, C	1
GANTER, P	1
JULOU, L	1
FORTIN, PE	1
GAUVREAU, L	1
GRAY, LA	2
KOTCHER, E	1
GIESEL, LO	1
DE ROM, R	1
THIERY, M	1
VAN SWIJNDREGT, LM	1
DASKALIDES, J	1
DUREL, P	1
COUTURE, J	1
COLLART, P	1
GIROT, C	1
POPKHRISTOV, P	1
BEROV, V	1
LAMBILLON, J	1
WATT, L	2
JENNISON, RF	2
GRAY, MS	1
SCHRAM, M	1
KLEINMAN, H	1
IGLOE, MC	1
KARNAKY, KJ	1
STREETER, RT	1
WEST, WT	1
RUSSO, A	1
MACCHIONI, B	1
WALL, JA	1
JAKOBOVITS, A	1
SZELL, I	1
GARDNER, HL	1
FERNET, P	1
O'BRIEN, JR	1
NAGEL, J	1
LATUFF, H	1
YAMIN, G	1
DEFIGUEROA, E	1
PHILIPP, EE	1
BARNES, ML	1
MOFFETT, M	1
MCGILL, MI	1
JAMESON, WJ	1
KANE, PO	2
McFADZEAN, JA	2
SQUIRES, S	2
KING, AJ	1
NICOL, CS	1
KUNZ, L	1
HAUSER, GA	1
LUNDSTROM, P	1
PERL, G	1
RAGAZZONI, H	1
RINDI, V	1
MASCIADRI GASBARRO, O	1
Sheeley, A	1
Sander, C	1
Lossick, JG	1
Scharp, H	2
Amon, K	2
Amon, I	1
Franke, G	1
Nagel, F	1
Tatár, L	1
Fleury, FJ	1
Citronberg, RJ	1
Semel, JD	1
Sullivan, C	1
Smith, LG	1
Lanta, S	1
Mention, JE	1
Schubert, W	1
Sikorski, R	1
Hencner, Z	1
Gliński, Z	1
Wawrzkiewicz, K	1
Radomański, T	1
Milart, P	1
Paszkowski, T	1
Skrzypczak, W	1
Sławiński, P	1
Maruszak, E	1
Schneider, GT	1
Geary, WL	1
Dennerstein, GJ	1
Beaton, JH	1
Berić, B	1
Bregun-Dragić, N	1
Popović, D	1
Stretenović, Z	1
Grimmer, H	1
Kurnatowska, A	1
Landes, E	1

Article	Year
Sorting out common causes of abnormal vaginal discharge. JAAPA : official journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants, 2004, Volume: 17, Issue:10 Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Metronidazole; Patient Education	2004
Sexually transmitted vaginitis. The Urologic clinics of North America, 1984, Volume: 11, Issue:1 Topics: Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Gardnerella vaginalis; Haemophilus Infections;	1984
Severe vaginal infection with Entamoeba histolytica in a woman who recently returned from Mexico: case report and review. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 1995, Volume: 20, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Animals; Entamoeba histolytica; Entamoebiasis; Female; Humans; Iodoquinol; Metronidazole; Mexi	1995
Management of vulvovaginitis in pregnancy. Clinical obstetrics and gynecology, 1993, Volume: 36, Issue:1 Topics: Acyclovir; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cesarean Section; Female; Gynecology; Humans; Incidence; Laser The	1993
Vaginitis: diagnosis and treatment. Drugs, 1972, Volume: 4, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Candidiasis; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Haemophilus Inf	1972

Article	Year
Study results on the use of different therapies for the treatment of vaginitis in hospitalised pregnant women. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 2015, Volume: 292, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Ethylene Glycols; Female; Human	2015
Vulvovaginitis: screening for and management of trichomoniasis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and bacterial vaginosis. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal d'obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada : JOGC, 2015, Volume: 37, Issue:3 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Canada; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clindamycin; Female	2015
Resistance of Trichomonas vaginalis infections to metronidazole in Auckland sexual health clinics: report of two cases. The New Zealand medical journal, 2002, Aug-23, Volume: 115, Issue:1160 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Adult; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Animals; Anti	2002
[Experimental study on metronidazole (RP-8823. Trichomonacidal and amebicidal activities. Toxicity and general pharmacological properties]. La Presse medicale, 1961, May-20, Volume: 69 Topics: Amebicides; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Metronidazole; Trichomonas Infections; Vaginitis; Vulvovagin	1961
[Effective treatment of Trichomonas vaginitis by metronidazole]. Lekarz wojskowy, 1961, Volume: 31 Topics: Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Metronidazole; Treatment Outcome; Trichomonas Infections; Trichomonas Va	1961
Evaluation of a systemic drug, a nitro-imidazole ("Flagyl") in the treatment of trichomoniasis. The Journal of the Kentucky Medical Association, 1961, Volume: 59 Topics: Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Metronidazole; Trichomonas Infections; Vaginitis; Vulvovaginitis	1961
[Metronidazole. Oral chemotherapy of vaginal trichomoniasis]. Bruxelles medical, 1961, Mar-12, Volume: 41 Topics: Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Metronidazole; Trichomonas Infections; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Vaginitis;	1961
Flagyl (metronidazole). The British journal of venereal diseases, 1960, Volume: 36 Topics: Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Intraabdominal Infections; Metronidazole; Trichomonas Infections; Vagini	1960
[On treatment of urethritis and vaginitis caused by Trichomonas vaginalis with the imidazole preparation flagyl]. Suvremenna meditsina, 1961, Volume: 12(1) Topics: Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Metronidazole; Trichomonas Infections; Trichomonas vaginalis; Urethritis	1961
[An imidazole derivative, Flagyl, a treatment of genital trichomoniasis]. Bulletin de la Societe royale belge de gynecologie et d'obstetrique, 1961, Volume: 31 Topics: Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Metronidazole; Trichomonas Infections; Vaginitis; Vulvovaginitis	1961
Clinical evaluation of metronidazole. A new systemic trichomonacide. British medical journal, 1960, Sep-24, Volume: 2, Issue:5203 Topics: Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Intraabdominal Infections; Metronidazole; Trichomonas Infections; Vagini	1960
Trichomonas vaginalis in pregnancy: the results of metronidazole therapy on the mother and child. The Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology of the British Empire, 1961, Volume: 68 Topics: Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Intraabdominal Infections; Metronidazole; Mothers; Pregnancy; Trichomona	1961
Use of metronidazole in the treatment of trichomoniasis. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1962, May-15, Volume: 83 Topics: Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Metronidazole; Trichomonas Infections; Vaginitis; Vulvovaginitis	1962
Evaluation of metronidazole therapy for Trichomonas vaginalis vaginitis. Obstetrics and gynecology, 1963, Volume: 21 Topics: Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Metronidazole; Trichomonas vaginalis; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Vaginitis;	1963
Metronidazole. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1962, Oct-01, Volume: 84 Topics: Antiparasitic Agents; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Leukopenia; Metronidazole; Trichomonas Infections;	1962
Metronidazole; an effective oral medication for the treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis vaginitis. The Journal of the Indiana State Medical Association, 1963, Volume: 56 Topics: Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Intraabdominal Infections; Metronidazole; Trichomonas vaginalis; Trichom	1963
Vaginitis therapy evaluated. The treatment of trichomonal vaginitis with metronidazole. The Journal of the Kansas Medical Society, 1963, Volume: 64 Topics: Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Intraabdominal Infections; Metronidazole; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Vaginit	1963
Metronidazole treatment of trichomoniasis in the female. Report of an extended trial. British medical journal, 1962, Feb-03, Volume: 1, Issue:5274 Topics: Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Intraabdominal Infections; Metronidazole; Trichomonas Infections; Vagini	1962
[Systemic therapy of female genital trichomoniasis with an imidazole derivative (metronidazole)]. Minerva ginecologica, 1961, Dec-15, Volume: 13 Topics: Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Metronidazole; Trichomonas Infections; Vaginitis; Vulvovaginitis	1961
THE TREATMENT OF TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS VAGINITIS. Medical record and annals, 1963, Volume: 56 Topics: Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Intraabdominal Infections; Metronidazole; Trichomonas vaginalis; Trichom	1963
[PATHOLOGY OF VAGINITIS CAUSED BY TRICHOMONAL INFECTION]. Magyar noorvosok lapja, 1963, Volume: 26 Topics: Colposcopy; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Intraabdominal Infections; Metronidazole; Mono	1963
ETIOLOGY OF VAGINITIS EMPHYSEMATOSA: REPORT OF TEN CASES AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1964, Mar-01, Volume: 88 Topics: Clioquinol; Female; Furazolidone; Haemophilus; Humans; Imidazoles; Metronidazole; Trichomonas Vagini	1964
CLINICAL TRIALS WITH AGENTS CURRENTLY USED IN THE MANAGEMENT OF VAGINITIS. Canadian Medical Association journal, 1964, May-23, Volume: 90 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Antifungal Agents; Atrophic Vaginitis; Bacterial	1964
[PREPUBERAL VULVOVAGINITIS]. Revista de obstetricia y ginecologia de Venezuela, 1964, Volume: 24 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Child; Female; Humans	1964
VULVO-VAGINITIS. The British journal of clinical practice, 1965, Volume: 19 Topics: Adolescent; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Child; Diabetes Mellitus; Drug Therapy; Female; Gonorrhea; Hu	1965
VAGINITIS IN WOMEN, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1965, May-01, Volume: 92 Topics: Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Diagnosis; Drug Therapy; Female; Haemophilus; Humans;	1965
Treatment of trichomoniasis with metronidazole. British medical journal, 1960, Sep-24, Volume: 2, Issue:5203 Topics: Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Intraabdominal Infections; Metronidazole; Trichomonas Infections; Vagini	1960
Clinical effectiveness of potent trichomonacide, metronidazole. New York state journal of medicine, 1962, Jul-15, Volume: 62 Topics: Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Intraabdominal Infections; Metronidazole; Treatment Outcome; Trichomonas	1962
Absorption and excretion of metronidazole. I. Serum concentration and urinary excretion after oral administration. The British journal of venereal diseases, 1961, Volume: 37 Topics: Administration, Oral; Biological Transport; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Metronidazole; Trichomonas I	1961
Absorption and excretion of metronidazole. II. Studies on primary failures. The British journal of venereal diseases, 1961, Volume: 37 Topics: Biological Transport; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Metronidazole; Trichomonas Infections; Vaginitis;	1961
[Trichomonas vaginitis and its treatment with Flagyl]. Praxis, 1962, Apr-26, Volume: 51 Topics: Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Intraabdominal Infections; Metronidazole; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Vaginit	1962
[Trichomoniasis in humans-particularly socalled Trichomonas vaginitis-with special reference to a tendency toward spontaneous healing and to treatment with Flagyl]. Svenska lakartidningen, 1961, Sep-15, Volume: 58 Topics: Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Intraabdominal Infections; Metronidazole; Trichomonas Infections; Tricho	1961
Flagyl in treatment of "Trichomonas vaginalis" vaginitis. Obstetrics and gynecology, 1962, Volume: 19 Topics: Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Metronidazole; Trichomonas Infections; Trichomonas vaginalis; Vaginitis;	1962
[Evaluation of the pharmacotherapeutic power of metrodinazole (Flagyl) in female trichomoniasis]. Annali di ostetricia e ginecologia, 1961, Volume: 83 Topics: Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Intraabdominal Infections; Metronidazole; Trichomonas Infections; Vagini	1961
[Purulent vulvovaginitis in a newborn girl as a rare form of a trichomonas vaginalis infection and its treatment]. Zeitschrift fur Kinderheilkunde, 1967, Volume: 98, Issue:4 Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Metronidazole; Pregnancy; Trichomonas Va	1967
[Treatment of vulvovaginitis in children and adolescents with metronidazole]. Zentralblatt fur Gynakologie, 1984, Volume: 106, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Bacteria, Aerobic; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacterial Infections; Child; Child, Preschool; F	1984
Disposition kinetics of metronidazole in children. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 1983, Volume: 24, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Aging; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Human	1983
Observations made with the simultaneous local application of metronidazole and miconazole in vulvovaginitis. Therapia Hungarica (English edition), 1982, Volume: 30, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Miconazole; Middle Aged; Vulvovaginitis	1982
Adult vaginitis. Clinical obstetrics and gynecology, 1981, Volume: 24, Issue:2 Topics: Atrophy; Female; Haemophilus Infections; Humans; Metronidazole; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Uterine Cervi	1981
[Leukorrhea: diagnostic trends]. La Revue du praticien, 1999, Nov-15, Volume: 49, Issue:18 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Antifungal Agents; Antitricho	1999
[Candida and trichomonas infections. Character and frequency of vulvovaginal inflammations in gynecologic practice and their treatment]. Fortschritte der Medizin, 1979, Aug-02, Volume: 97, Issue:29 Topics: Candida albicans; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Nystatin; Trichomonas; Vulvovaginitis	1979
Vaginitis in adolescent girls. Clinical obstetrics and gynecology, 1971, Volume: 14, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Boric Acids; Candida; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Child; Enterobius; Female; Foreign Bodi	1971
An aggressive plan for the treatment of vulvovaginitis. Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimental, 1969, Volume: 11, Issue:5 Topics: Diethylstilbestrol; Female; Humans; Iodoquinol; Metronidazole; Sex Factors; Sulfadiazine; Vulvovagin	1969
[The problems of urogenital trichomonasis in prepuberal girls]. Gynecologie pratique, 1970, Volume: 21, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Metronidazole; Trichomonas Infections;	1970
[Histological picture report No. 202. Vulvitis (vulvovaginitis) candidomycetica]. Zeitschrift fur Haut- und Geschlechtskrankheiten, 1968, Apr-01, Volume: 43, Issue:7 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Diabetes Complications	1968
[The effect of new halogensulfonamides on vaginal microorganisms in women with trichomoniasis complicated by mycosis. Clinical part]. Wiadomosci parazytologiczne, 1969, Volume: 15, Issue:2 Topics: Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Mycoses; Sulfonamides; Vulvovaginitis	1969
[Vulvitis and vaginitis]. Die Medizinische Welt, 1966, Jul-02, Volume: 27 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Candidiasis; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Vaginitis;	1966

metronidazole and Vulvovaginitis

Research Excerpts

Research

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