Page last updated: 2024-10-31

metronidazole and Clostridioides difficile Infection

metronidazole has been researched along with Clostridioides difficile Infection in 358 studies

Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.
metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"The fecal flora obtained from 13 patients with ulcerative colitis was examined at the beginning of a pouchitis episode before treatment, during treatment with metronidazole or ciprofloxacin, and during pouchitis-free periods."9.11Eradication of pathogenic bacteria and restoration of normal pouch flora: comparison of metronidazole and ciprofloxacin in the treatment of pouchitis. ( Gosselink, MP; Hop, WC; Laman, JD; Ruseler-van Embden, JG; Schouten, WR; van Lieshout, LM, 2004)
"101 patients with Clostridium-difficile-associated diarrhoea or colitis were prospectively randomised to 10-day oral courses of metronidazole, 250 mg four times a day, or vancomycin, 500 mg four times a day."9.05Prospective randomised trial of metronidazole versus vancomycin for Clostridium-difficile-associated diarrhoea and colitis. ( Gebhard, RL; Gerding, DN; Lee, JT; Olson, MM; Peterson, LR; Schwartz, MJ; Teasley, DG, 1983)
"At present, vancomycin (VCM) and metronidazole (MNZ) are used for the first-line standard treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI)."8.98Oral vancomycin versus metronidazole for the treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ( Enoki, Y; Igarashi, Y; Kunishima, H; Matsumoto, K; Mikamo, H; Mori, N; Morinaga, Y; Nakamura, A; Ohge, H; Suzuki, H; Taguchi, K; Tashiro, S; Yamagishi, Y; Yanagihara, K; Yoshizawa, S, 2018)
"We sought to assess the effectiveness of oral vancomycin compared to metronidazole on recurrence and mortality among hospitalized patients with non-severe Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI)."8.12Non-inferiority of metronidazole to vancomycin in the treatment of first episode non-severe Clostridioides difficile infection: a single center retrospective cohort study. ( Bazazhina, A; Najjar-Debbiny, R; Saliba, W; Schwartz, N; Shaked, P; Weber, G, 2022)
"Although metronidazole is not recommended to treat Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in Western countries, it was still to be recommended for the treatment of non-severe CDI among Taiwanese adults in 2020."8.12Reappraisal of the clinical role of metronidazole therapy for Clostridioides difficile infection in Taiwan: A multicenter prospective study. ( Chiu, CW; Hsueh, PR; Hung, YP; Ko, WC; Lee, CC; Lee, JC; Lee, YT; Tsai, PJ, 2022)
"The shift away from metronidazole as a preferred option in initial non-severe Clostridioides difficile infection did not improve the composite of treatment failure or recurrence."8.02Outcomes associated with recent guideline recommendations removing metronidazole for treatment of non-severe Clostridioides difficile infection: a retrospective, observational, nationwide cohort study. ( Campbell, DL; Gentry, CA; Williams, RJ, 2021)
"According to the Japanese guidelines for the management of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), the first choice is metronidazole (MNZ) for non-severe cases and vancomycin (VCM) for severe cases."8.02Retrospective study of the efficacy and safety of metronidazole and vancomycin for Clostridioides difficile infection. ( Enoki, Y; Hasegawa, N; Iketani, O; Matsumoto, K; Misawa, K; Taguchi, K; Uno, S; Uwamino, Y, 2021)
"Vancomycin is now a preferred treatment for all cases of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), regardless of disease severity."7.96Use of Oral Vancomycin for Clostridioides difficile Infection and the Risk of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci. ( Echevarria, K; Jones, M; Khader, K; Nelson, RE; Rubin, MA; Samore, MH; Stevens, VW; Timbrook, TT; Zhang, Y, 2020)
"Guidelines recommend adding intravenous (IV) metronidazole to oral vancomycin for fulminant Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI)."7.96Does Addition of Intravenous Metronidazole to Oral Vancomycin Improve Outcomes in Clostridioides difficile Infection? ( Freedberg, DE; Gomez-Simmonds, A; Li, J; Salmasian, H; Schluger, A; Wang, Y, 2020)
"Data on the impact of combination therapy (intravenous metronidazole [IV MTZ] plus oral vancomycin [PO VAN]) on clinical outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with severe non-fulminant Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), including NAP1-positive samples, are lacking."7.96Evaluation of Addition of Intravenous Metronidazole to Oral Vancomycin Therapy in Critically Ill Patients with Non-Fulminant Severe Clostridioides difficile Infection. ( Banoub, M; Blackman, AL; Claeys, KC; Heil, EL; Kristie Johnson, J; Leekha, S; Vega, AD, 2020)
"Current guidelines recommend oral vancomycin or fidaxomicin for the treatment of mild-to-moderate Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD), while metronidazole is recommended as an alternative when oral vancomycin and fidaxomicin are unavailable."7.88Comparison of outcomes with vancomycin or metronidazole for mild-to-moderate Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea among solid organ transplant recipients: A retrospective cohort study. ( Anders, S; Garcia-Diaz, J; Hand, J; Li, J; Nguyen, CT; Staffeld-Coit, C, 2018)
"No association was found between metronidazole use and subsequent CDI in ICU patients who received antibiotic therapy for sepsis."7.81Risk of Clostridium difficile infection in intensive care unit patients with sepsis exposed to metronidazole. ( Czosnowski, QA; Fraimow, HS; Hunter, K; Sabbah, MA; Schorr, C; Torjman, MC; Tsigrelis, C; Zanotti, S, 2015)
"For the treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD), metronidazole and vancomycin remain the most commonly used agents."7.79The role of vancomycin and metronidazole for the treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. ( Tart, SB, 2013)
"We report the first case of anaphylaxis to oral vancomycin in a cystic fibrosis patient with severe and relapsing Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) refractory to metronidazole."7.79Severe anaphylaxis caused by orally administered vancomycin to a patient with Clostridium difficile infection. ( Bossé, D; Cantin, AM; Lemire, C; Ménard, F; Ruel, J; Valiquette, L, 2013)
" difficile-associated diarrhea have a high likelihood of treatment failure with metronidazole."7.73Continuation of antibiotics is associated with failure of metronidazole for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. ( Friedenberg, F; Gollamudi, S; Modena, S, 2006)
"difficile colitis has become more challenging with the increasing failure of therapeutic response to metronidazole and oral vancomycin."6.48Recurrent refractory Clostridium difficile colitis treated successfully with rifaximin and tigecycline: a case report and review of the literature. ( Baban, TA; El-Herte, RI; Kanj, SS, 2012)
"We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the efficacy profiles of metronidazole (MNZ) and vancomycin (VCM) in pediatric and adolescent patients with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI)."5.41Optimal therapeutic recommendation for Clostridioides difficile infection in pediatric and adolescent populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Enoki, Y; Matsumoto, K; Mihara, T; Okawa, R; Samura, M; Taguchi, K; Tanaka, Y; Tashiro, S; Yamagishi, Y, 2023)
"The fecal flora obtained from 13 patients with ulcerative colitis was examined at the beginning of a pouchitis episode before treatment, during treatment with metronidazole or ciprofloxacin, and during pouchitis-free periods."5.11Eradication of pathogenic bacteria and restoration of normal pouch flora: comparison of metronidazole and ciprofloxacin in the treatment of pouchitis. ( Gosselink, MP; Hop, WC; Laman, JD; Ruseler-van Embden, JG; Schouten, WR; van Lieshout, LM, 2004)
"Recurrent Clostridium difficile diarrhea (RCDD) occurs in 20% of patients after they have received standard antibiotic treatment with vancomycin or metronidazole, but the reasons for the recurrences are largely unknown."5.08Recurrent Clostridium difficile diarrhea: characteristics of and risk factors for patients enrolled in a prospective, randomized, double-blinded trial. ( Elmer, GW; Fekety, R; Greenberg, RN; McFarland, LV; Mulligan, ME; Surawicz, CM, 1997)
"101 patients with Clostridium-difficile-associated diarrhoea or colitis were prospectively randomised to 10-day oral courses of metronidazole, 250 mg four times a day, or vancomycin, 500 mg four times a day."5.05Prospective randomised trial of metronidazole versus vancomycin for Clostridium-difficile-associated diarrhoea and colitis. ( Gebhard, RL; Gerding, DN; Lee, JT; Olson, MM; Peterson, LR; Schwartz, MJ; Teasley, DG, 1983)
" This review therefore examines the evolution of DNA pol IIIC inhibitors from the discovery of 6-(p-hydroxyphenylazo)uracil (HPUra) in the 1960s to the development of current first-in-class N7-substituted guanine drug candidate ACX-362E, now under clinical development for the treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection."5.01Discovery and development of DNA polymerase IIIC inhibitors to treat Gram-positive infections. ( Brown, N; Silverman, MH; Wright, G; Xu, WC; Yu, XY, 2019)
"Broad-spectrum antibiotics, including piperacillin/tazobactam and metronidazole, were administered, and a percutaneous 10-French pigtail catheter for pus drainage and culture was inserted in the liver abscess."4.98Liver abscess caused by Clostridium haemolyticum infection after transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report. ( Cho, SB; Hong, JY; Jeong, YH; Joo, YE; Kang, YJ; Kim, JW; Kim, KH; Lee, WS; Myung, DS; Son, DJ, 2018)
"At present, vancomycin (VCM) and metronidazole (MNZ) are used for the first-line standard treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI)."4.98Oral vancomycin versus metronidazole for the treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ( Enoki, Y; Igarashi, Y; Kunishima, H; Matsumoto, K; Mikamo, H; Mori, N; Morinaga, Y; Nakamura, A; Ohge, H; Suzuki, H; Taguchi, K; Tashiro, S; Yamagishi, Y; Yanagihara, K; Yoshizawa, S, 2018)
" Key search terms included Clostridium difficile, Clostridium infections, pseudomembranous colitis, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, elderly, geriatric, epidemiology, microbiology, diagnosis, risk factors, treatment, drug therapy, vancomycin, metronidazole, and fidaxomicin."4.88Clostridium difficile infection in older adults: a review and update on its management. ( Kee, VR, 2012)
"Clostridium difficile was first described as a cause of diarrhea in 1978 and is now among the leading 3 hospital-acquired infections in the United States, along with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci."4.88Clostridium difficile infection: new insights into management. ( Khanna, S; Pardi, DS, 2012)
" difficile diarrhea with metronidazole or vancomycin is highly effective at relieving symptoms."4.80Treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and colitis. ( Gerding, DN, 2000)
"The objectives were to determine the risk factors for recurrent healthcare facility-associated Clostridioides difficile infection (HCF-CDI) in a high CDI incidence, low antibiotic use setting and to determine if length of cefotaxime exposure is a risk factor for recurrent HCF-CDI."4.31Risk factors for recurrent healthcare-facility associated Clostridioides difficile infection in a Swedish setting. ( Edman-Wallér, J; Jacobsson, G; Karp, J; Toepfer, M, 2023)
"Previous studies have demonstrated that fidaxomicin, a macrocyclic lactone antibiotic used to treat recurrent Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea, also displays potent in vitro bactericidal activity against Clostridium perfringens strains isolated from humans."4.31In vitro activity of fidaxomicin and combinations of fidaxomicin with other antibiotics against Clostridium perfringens strains isolated from dogs and cats. ( Álvarez-Pérez, S; Anega, B; Blanco, JL; García, ME; Hernández, M, 2023)
"We sought to assess the effectiveness of oral vancomycin compared to metronidazole on recurrence and mortality among hospitalized patients with non-severe Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI)."4.12Non-inferiority of metronidazole to vancomycin in the treatment of first episode non-severe Clostridioides difficile infection: a single center retrospective cohort study. ( Bazazhina, A; Najjar-Debbiny, R; Saliba, W; Schwartz, N; Shaked, P; Weber, G, 2022)
"Decreased effectiveness of metronidazole for the treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection has been documented."4.12Metronidazole-resistant Clostridioides difficile: genomic and transcriptomic traits acquired under in-vitro metronidazole induction. ( Huang, H; Wang, L; Wu, S; Xu, T; Zhou, F, 2022)
"Although metronidazole is not recommended to treat Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in Western countries, it was still to be recommended for the treatment of non-severe CDI among Taiwanese adults in 2020."4.12Reappraisal of the clinical role of metronidazole therapy for Clostridioides difficile infection in Taiwan: A multicenter prospective study. ( Chiu, CW; Hsueh, PR; Hung, YP; Ko, WC; Lee, CC; Lee, JC; Lee, YT; Tsai, PJ, 2022)
"The shift away from metronidazole as a preferred option in initial non-severe Clostridioides difficile infection did not improve the composite of treatment failure or recurrence."4.02Outcomes associated with recent guideline recommendations removing metronidazole for treatment of non-severe Clostridioides difficile infection: a retrospective, observational, nationwide cohort study. ( Campbell, DL; Gentry, CA; Williams, RJ, 2021)
"Outpatient diverticulitis is commonly treated with either a combination of metronidazole and a fluoroquinolone (metronidazole-with-fluoroquinolone) or amoxicillin-clavulanate alone."4.02Comparative Effectiveness and Harms of Antibiotics for Outpatient Diverticulitis : Two Nationwide Cohort Studies. ( Bartelt, LA; Edwards, JK; Gaber, CE; Kinlaw, AC; Lund, JL; Pate, V; Peacock Hinton, S; Peery, AF; Sandler, RS; Stürmer, T, 2021)
"Updated Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) guidelines published in 2018 recommend vancomycin as first-line treatment."4.02Changes in treatment of community-onset Clostridioides difficile infection after release of updated guidelines, Atlanta, Georgia, 2018. ( Adelman, MW; Fridkin, SK; Goodenough, D; Mackey, C; Sefton, S; Thomas, S; Woodworth, MH, 2021)
"Until recently, metronidazole was the first-line treatment for Clostridioides difficile infection and it is still commonly used."4.02Haem is crucial for medium-dependent metronidazole resistance in clinical isolates of Clostridioides difficile. ( Boekhoud, IM; Bos-Sanders, IMJG; Clark, E; Davies, K; Freeman, J; Harmanus, C; Kuijper, EJ; Nooij, S; Sidorov, I; Smits, WK; Spittal, W; Viprey, V, 2021)
"According to the Japanese guidelines for the management of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), the first choice is metronidazole (MNZ) for non-severe cases and vancomycin (VCM) for severe cases."4.02Retrospective study of the efficacy and safety of metronidazole and vancomycin for Clostridioides difficile infection. ( Enoki, Y; Hasegawa, N; Iketani, O; Matsumoto, K; Misawa, K; Taguchi, K; Uno, S; Uwamino, Y, 2021)
"Vancomycin is now a preferred treatment for all cases of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), regardless of disease severity."3.96Use of Oral Vancomycin for Clostridioides difficile Infection and the Risk of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci. ( Echevarria, K; Jones, M; Khader, K; Nelson, RE; Rubin, MA; Samore, MH; Stevens, VW; Timbrook, TT; Zhang, Y, 2020)
"Guidelines recommend adding intravenous (IV) metronidazole to oral vancomycin for fulminant Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI)."3.96Does Addition of Intravenous Metronidazole to Oral Vancomycin Improve Outcomes in Clostridioides difficile Infection? ( Freedberg, DE; Gomez-Simmonds, A; Li, J; Salmasian, H; Schluger, A; Wang, Y, 2020)
"Data on the impact of combination therapy (intravenous metronidazole [IV MTZ] plus oral vancomycin [PO VAN]) on clinical outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with severe non-fulminant Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), including NAP1-positive samples, are lacking."3.96Evaluation of Addition of Intravenous Metronidazole to Oral Vancomycin Therapy in Critically Ill Patients with Non-Fulminant Severe Clostridioides difficile Infection. ( Banoub, M; Blackman, AL; Claeys, KC; Heil, EL; Kristie Johnson, J; Leekha, S; Vega, AD, 2020)
" difficile-associated diarrhea treated with metronidazole, oral vancomycin, combination (metronidazole and oral vancomycin), or switch therapy (metronidazole to oral vancomycin)."3.91Clostridium difficile treatment in neutropenic patients: Clinical outcomes of metronidazole, vancomycin, combinations, and switch therapy. ( Kupiec, KE; Liu, C; Miller, JL; Schmidt, SA; Skrepnek, GH; Smith, WJ; Tieu, JD, 2019)
"Current guidelines recommend oral vancomycin or fidaxomicin for the treatment of mild-to-moderate Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD), while metronidazole is recommended as an alternative when oral vancomycin and fidaxomicin are unavailable."3.88Comparison of outcomes with vancomycin or metronidazole for mild-to-moderate Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea among solid organ transplant recipients: A retrospective cohort study. ( Anders, S; Garcia-Diaz, J; Hand, J; Li, J; Nguyen, CT; Staffeld-Coit, C, 2018)
"Five dogs with chronic-recurring diarrhea were positive for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), but were unresponsive to treatment with metronidazole."3.88Clostridioides difficile infection in dogs with chronic-recurring diarrhea responsive to dietary changes. ( Blanc, DS; de Araujo, MCR; de Oliveira Júnior, CA; Lobato, FCF; Pereira, ST; Silva, ROS; Vasconcelos, A, 2018)
" difficile may contributed to the recurrent CDB episodes and liver abscess formation in necrotic liver tissue following TACE, and long-term metronidazole therapy was considered to be effective to C."3.85Recurrent bacteremia and liver abscess caused by Clostridium difficile: A case report. ( Iguchi, M; Kuzuya, T; Mikamo, H; Morioka, H; Yagi, T, 2017)
" She was transferred from an outside facility where she was treated with 3 courses of metronidazole for diagnosed Clostridium difficile colitis and presumed reoccurrences."3.85Case Report of Metronidazole-Induced Encephalopathy. ( Clements, A, 2017)
"No association was found between metronidazole use and subsequent CDI in ICU patients who received antibiotic therapy for sepsis."3.81Risk of Clostridium difficile infection in intensive care unit patients with sepsis exposed to metronidazole. ( Czosnowski, QA; Fraimow, HS; Hunter, K; Sabbah, MA; Schorr, C; Torjman, MC; Tsigrelis, C; Zanotti, S, 2015)
" All pediatric patients with AAD were divided into mild, general and severe type according to different symptoms of diarrhea, and grading treatment, the general type and severe type of CDI children were treated with metronidazole and (or) vancomycin, afterwards, the results of grading treatment were analyzed."3.81[Analysis of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea in pediatric patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea]. ( Cai, P; Chen, L; Cheng, G; Dai, X; Li, Z; Wang, Z; Zhang, Z, 2015)
"For the treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD), metronidazole and vancomycin remain the most commonly used agents."3.79The role of vancomycin and metronidazole for the treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. ( Tart, SB, 2013)
"We report the first case of anaphylaxis to oral vancomycin in a cystic fibrosis patient with severe and relapsing Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) refractory to metronidazole."3.79Severe anaphylaxis caused by orally administered vancomycin to a patient with Clostridium difficile infection. ( Bossé, D; Cantin, AM; Lemire, C; Ménard, F; Ruel, J; Valiquette, L, 2013)
" difficile-associated diarrhea have a high likelihood of treatment failure with metronidazole."3.73Continuation of antibiotics is associated with failure of metronidazole for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. ( Friedenberg, F; Gollamudi, S; Modena, S, 2006)
" sordellii ischio-rectal abscess with rapidly fatal septicaemia is described which complicated ultrasound-guided transrectal biopsy of the prostate, despite ciprofloxacin prophylaxis."3.70Fatal Clostridium sordellii ischio-rectal abscess with septicaemia complicating ultrasound-guided transrectal prostate biopsy. ( Borer, A; Buskila, D; Gilad, J; Riesenberg, K; Schlaeffer, F; Sikuler, E, 1999)
"Due to the growing incidence and the severity of infections due to vancomycin resistant enterococci, it is now recommended to treat mild to moderate cases of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea with metronidazole while maintaining the use of oral vancomycin in serious or life-threatening colitis."3.69Treatment of Clostridium difficile colitis. Summary of a round table held in Brussels on March, 3rd, 1994. ( Delmée, M; Melin, P; Peetermans, W; Verbist, L; Verschraegen, G, 1995)
"Management of suspected Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in the hospital setting typically results in patient isolation, laboratory testing, infection control, and presumptive treatment."3.30Clostridioides difficile Near-Patient Testing Versus Centralized Testing: A Pragmatic Cluster Randomized Crossover Trial. ( Doolan, CP; Hollis, A; Kim, J; Leal, J; Pillai, DR; Sahragard, B; Sharma, A; Spackman, E, 2023)
"Recurrent Clostridium difficile infection is considered as a significant health care burden."2.87The effect of bezlotoxumab for prevention of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in Japanese patients. ( Aoyama, N; Dorr, MB; Fujimoto, G; Mikamo, H; Sawata, M; Yoshinari, T, 2018)
"difficile infection (CDI) recurrence (rCDI) in adults at high risk for rCDI."2.87Bezlotoxumab for Prevention of Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection in Patients at Increased Risk for Recurrence. ( Dorr, MB; Dubberke, ER; Ellison, MC; Eves, K; Gerding, DN; Guris, D; Hanson, ME; Kao, D; Kelly, CP; Kumar, PN; Lee, C; Rahav, G; Yacyshyn, B, 2018)
"Metronidazole and rifaximin were similarly effective treatments for CDI in pediatric patients with IBD."2.84Metronidazole or Rifaximin for Treatment of Clostridium difficile in Pediatric Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Albrecht, P; Banasiuk, M; Banaszkiewicz, A; Gawronska, A; Lachowicz, D; Pituch, H, 2017)
"During treatment of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), patterns of pathogen reduction in relationship to changes in components of the normal microbiota are hypothesized to be predictive of response to treatment and subsequent sustained cure."2.80Differences of the Fecal Microflora With Clostridium difficile Therapies. ( Byrne, B; Cannon, K; Emery, J; Krulicki, W; Louie, TJ; Nguyen, D; Ward, L; Wu, K, 2015)
"Recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) occurs in approximately 25% of successfully treated patients."2.77Treatment of first recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection: fidaxomicin versus vancomycin. ( Cornely, OA; Crook, DW; Gorbach, SL; Louie, TJ; Miller, MA, 2012)
"Current guidelines for control of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) suggest that contact precautions be discontinued after diarrhea resolves."2.75Persistence of skin contamination and environmental shedding of Clostridium difficile during and after treatment of C. difficile infection. ( Al-Nassir, WN; Bobulsky, GS; Donskey, CJ; Nerandzic, MM; Sethi, AK, 2010)
" The apparent high clinical response, good tolerance, low recurrence rate, and more-complete and rapid symptom control with the highest dosage support the selection of the 200-mg twice-daily dose for further clinical development of OPT-80 for treatment of CDI."2.74Clinical outcomes, safety, and pharmacokinetics of OPT-80 in a phase 2 trial with patients with Clostridium difficile infection. ( Donskey, C; Goldstein, EJ; Louie, T; Miller, M; Mullane, K, 2009)
" 20 patients received metronidazole at a dosage of 400 mg t."2.73A randomized, double-blind study comparing Clostridium difficile immune whey and metronidazole for recurrent Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea: efficacy and safety data of a prematurely interrupted trial. ( Anttila, VJ; Broas, M; Dabek, J; Koivurova, OP; Kuusisto, K; Marttila, H; Mattila, E; Moilanen, V; Poukka, P; Pusa, L; Sammalkorpi, K; Vähätalo, M; Widenius, T, 2008)
"After chronic dosing of S."2.69Behaviour of Saccharomyces boulardii in recurrent Clostridium difficile disease patients. ( Danko, L; Elmer, GW; Greenberg, RN; McFarland, LV; Surawicz, CM, 1999)
"Patients with CKD/ESRD have a higher risk of initial episode, recurrence, and development of severe CDI than those without CKD or ESRD."2.61Clostridioides difficile Infection in Chronic Kidney Disease/End-Stage Renal Disease. ( Ramesh, MS; Yee, J, 2019)
"Metronidazole was the most used antibiotic."2.58Variable spectrum of disease and risk factors of peripartum Clostridium difficile infection: report of 14 cases from French hospitals and literature review. ( Barbut, F; Collignon, A; Corvec, S; de Curraize, C; El-Helali, N; Fihman, V; Le Monnier, A; Rousseau, C, 2018)
"Multiple recurrences should be treated with vancomycin or fidaxomicin; if necessary, a vancomycin taper regimen may also be used."2.55[Individualized treatment strategies for Clostridium difficile infections]. ( Bachmann, O; Dersch, P; Solbach, P, 2017)
"Fidaxomicin treatment results in lower recurrence rates than vancomycin and metronidazole, but has higher acquisition costs in Europe and the USA."2.55A Systematic Literature Review of Economic Evaluations of Antibiotic Treatments for Clostridium difficile Infection. ( Burton, HE; Mitchell, SA; Watt, M, 2017)
"The first recurrence can be treated with the same therapeutic agent and, for subsequent recurrences, vancomycin in a tapered and/or pulsed regimen is recommended."2.52Clostridium difficile Diarrhea in the Elderly: Current Issues and Management Options. ( Doron, S; Gorbach, S; Mizusawa, M, 2015)
"Frequency of Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) increased in the last decade."2.50[Clostridium difficile infecion--diagnostics, prevention and treatment]. ( Miigoć, H; Piekarska, M; Wandałowicz, AD, 2014)
"20 percent of the patients have recurrence after metronidazole or vancomycin treatment, and each recurrence increases the chance of a further one."2.49[Clostridium difficile infection: epidemiology, disease burden and therapy]. ( Baji, P; Banai, J; Brodszky, V; Gulácsi, L; Kertész, A; Kopcsóné Németh, I; Ludwig, E; Péntek, M; Prinz, G; Reményi, P; Strbák, B; Zsoldiné Urbán, E, 2013)
"difficile colitis has become more challenging with the increasing failure of therapeutic response to metronidazole and oral vancomycin."2.48Recurrent refractory Clostridium difficile colitis treated successfully with rifaximin and tigecycline: a case report and review of the literature. ( Baban, TA; El-Herte, RI; Kanj, SS, 2012)
"Data regarding treatment failure and recurrence following metronidazole and vancomycin treatment were extracted and analysed."2.48Treatment failure and recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection following treatment with vancomycin or metronidazole: a systematic review of the evidence. ( Falagas, ME; Patouni, K; Polyzos, KA; Rafailidis, PI; Samonis, G; Vardakas, KZ, 2012)
"Clostridium difficile infection is increasing in incidence and severity."2.47Comparative effectiveness of Clostridium difficile treatments: a systematic review. ( Bliss, D; Butler, M; Drekonja, DM; Filice, GA; MacDonald, R; Rector, TS; Wilt, TJ, 2011)
"The increasing incidence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is confronting us with two major problems in CDI management that presently remain unsolved: refractoriness to therapy and recurrence of disease."2.45Clostridium difficile: controversies and approaches to management. ( Bauer, MP; Kuijper, EJ; van Dissel, JT, 2009)
"Rarely, pseudomembranous colitis, a severe complication of CDAD, must be treated through surgical intervention."2.44Current and future treatment modalities for Clostridium difficile-associated disease. ( Halsey, J, 2008)
"Here metformin hydrochloride was suggested to be useful for the treatment of recurrent CDI with type 2 diabetes mellitus."1.91[A case of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection with type 2 diabetes mellitus indicating the usefulness of metformin hydrochloride]. ( Obata, K; Yamashita, S, 2023)
"Early and late recurrences occurred in 36."1.91Risk factors for Recurrent Clostridioides Difficile Infection in Children. ( Cacace, J; Goldman, DL; Lee, P; Nemati, K; Silver, EJ, 2023)
" In this study, high doses of Bifidobacterium breve YH68 were used alone or in combination with vancomycin (VAN) and metronidazole (MTR) to treat pCDI mice."1.72Therapeutic Effects of Bifidobacterium breve YH68 in Combination with Vancomycin and Metronidazole in a Primary Clostridioides difficile-Infected Mouse Model. ( Meng, L; Yang, H; Yang, J, 2022)
"Epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in paediatric cancer patients is uncertain."1.72Clostridioides difficile infection in paediatric patients with cancer and haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. ( Aftandilian, CC; Agyeman, PKA; Castagnola, E; Chirra, KM; Dupuis, LL; Groll, AH; Haeusler, GM; Lehrnbecher, T; Loves, R; Phillips, B; Schneider, C; Sung, L; van de Wetering, M, 2022)
"Clostridium difficile infection was controlled successfully with oral Metronidazole and Vancomycin in the confirmed infected patients."1.62Toxigenic ( Khodaparast, S; Khoramabadi, N; Mohabati Mobarez, A; Saberifiroozi, M; Vasei, M, 2021)
"Metronidazole was used in 94% of the first episodes and in 73% and 50% of the first and second recurrences, respectively."1.56Outcome of Clostridioides difficile infections treated in a Swiss tertiary care hospital: an observational study. ( Bartlomé, N; Bucheli Laffer, E; Fankhauser, H; Fux, CA; Haubitz, S; Spelters, C, 2020)
"Metronidazole was until recently used as a first-line treatment for potentially life-threatening Clostridioides difficile (CD) infection."1.56Plasmid-mediated metronidazole resistance in Clostridioides difficile. ( Boekhoud, IM; Bolea, R; Bos-Sanders, IMJG; Corver, J; Harmanus, C; Hornung, BVH; Kuijper, EJ; Sevilla, E; Smits, WK; Terveer, EM, 2020)
"The cost of treating Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), particularly recurrent disease, is high."1.56Cost-effectiveness analysis of fidaxomicin for the treatment of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection in Japan. ( English, M; Okumura, H; Shoji, S; Ueyama, M, 2020)
"Clostridium difficile infection is the leading cause of hospital-acquired gastrointestinal infection and incidence rates continue to rise."1.56In Vitro Investigation of Auranofin as a Treatment for Clostridium difficile Infection. ( Athan, E; Roder, C, 2020)
"Severe Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is associated with poorer outcomes."1.51Risk factors and treatment outcomes of severe Clostridioides difficile infection in Singapore. ( Chow, A; Lye, DC; Ng, TM; Tay, HL, 2019)
"Forty-five (11%) experienced a recurrence."1.51Risk Factors for Recurrent Community-associated Clostridiodes Difficile Infection in Children. ( Alabaster, A; Dang, R; Greenhow, TL; Miranda-Katz, M; Parmar, D, 2019)
"To identify factors associated with recurrence in 027+ and 027- CDI, a multivariate analysis was performed in each patient group."1.51Risk factors for recurrence in patients with Clostridium difficile infection due to 027 and non-027 ribotypes. ( Aceti, A; Andreoni, M; Antonelli, G; Carfagna, P; Cauda, R; Delle Rose, D; Falcone, M; Fantoni, M; Farcomeni, A; Fontana, C; Goldoni, P; Iraci, F; Mastroianni, C; Murri, R; Petrosillo, N; Raponi, G; Sanguinetti, M; Santino, I; Tiseo, G; Venditti, M, 2019)
"Although septic arthritis in neonates is a known clinical entity, it is a diagnostic dilemma for the paediatricians."1.51Clostridium septicum arthritis in a young infant: A case report. ( Angrup, A; Bala, K; Grover, P; Muralidharan, J; Ray, P, 2019)
"Management of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) involves discontinuation of the offending antibiotic agent as soon as possible."1.48The effect of concomitant use of systemic antibiotics in patients with Clostridium difficile infection receiving metronidazole therapy. ( Jin, SJ; Seo, KH; Wi, YM, 2018)
"Oral treatment with metronidazole or vancomycin is recommended, but there is a major problem with symptomatic recurrence after treatment."1.48The 'ins and outs' of faecal microbiota transplant for recurrent Clostridium difficile diarrhoea at Wits Donald Gordon Medical Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa. ( Drennan, K; Fabian, J; Gaylard, PC; Hepple, A; Karlsson, K; Lee, S; Lowman, W; McNamara, L; Simons, G, 2018)
"Because the epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is region-specific, the present study was undertaken to examine the epidemiology of C difficile outbreaks in Beijing, China."1.48Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of human Clostridium difficile isolates from a single institution in Northern China. ( Lv, Z; Su, J; Wang, B; Zhang, P, 2018)
"Metronidazole (MTZ) is a first-line drug for the treatment of human infections caused by anaerobic bacteria."1.46Clostridium perfringens Type A Isolates of Animal Origin with Decreased Susceptibility to Metronidazole Show Extensive Genetic Diversity. ( Álvarez-Pérez, S; Blanco, JL; García, ME, 2017)
"An outbreak of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) caused by ribotype 027 (B1/NAP1) began in our hospital in November 2014, and produced 141 episodes in the following months."1.46An outbreak of Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027 in Spain: risk factors for recurrence and a novel treatment strategy. ( Alcalá, L; Bouza, E; de Egea, V; González-Del Vecchio, M; Marín, M; Muñoz, P; Reigadas, E; Valerio, M, 2017)
"Adults with hematological malignancies are at high-risk of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), but no guidelines for CDI treatment are available in this population."1.46Treating Clostridium difficile infection in patients presenting with hematological malignancies: Are current guidelines applicable? ( Boyle, E; Galperine, T; Guery, B; Héquette-Ruz, R; Herbaux, C; Robin, C, 2017)
"Metronidazole was used in 70."1.46Clostridium difficile infection in children: epidemiology and risk of recurrence in a low-prevalence country. ( Boccuzzi, E; Borali, E; Castellazzi, L; Cursi, L; De Giacomo, C; De Vita, MV; Esposito, S; Garazzino, S; Guarino, A; Lancella, L; Lo Vecchio, A; Mainetti, M; Tagliabue, C, 2017)
"Metronidazole is an oral antibiotic which is widely used in the treatment of patients with Clostridium difficile associated disease."1.46Development and validation of a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay for the measurement of faecal metronidazole. ( Ayling, RM; Jeffery, J; Lewis, SJ; Vincent, ZJ, 2017)
"Various complications are reported with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), including fulminant CDI."1.46Cecal Perforation Associated with Clostridium difficile Infection: A Case Report. ( Luthe, SK; Sato, R, 2017)
"Metronidazole hydrochloride has historically been considered first-line therapy for patients with mild to moderate Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) but is inferior to vancomycin hydrochloride for clinical cure."1.46Comparative Effectiveness of Vancomycin and Metronidazole for the Prevention of Recurrence and Death in Patients With Clostridium difficile Infection. ( Brown, KA; Croft, LD; Glassman, P; Goetz, MB; Greene, T; Jones, MM; Khader, K; Nelson, RE; Neuhauser, M; Rubin, MA; Samore, MH; Schwab-Daugherty, EM; Stevens, VW, 2017)
"CDI treatment with metronidazole was not associated with a >30% increase in TAC levels compared with vancomycin."1.43Effect of metronidazole use on tacrolimus concentrations in transplant patients treated for Clostridium difficile. ( Dorsch, MP; Early, CR; Hanigan, SM; Park, JM; Pogue, KT, 2016)
"Since data about Clostridium difficile infection in sub-Saharan Africa are scarce, we determined its epidemiology and risk factors in a cross-sectional study in Eikwe, a rural community in Ghana."1.43High prevalence of nontoxigenic Clostridium difficile isolated from hospitalized and non-hospitalized individuals in rural Ghana. ( Cooper, P; Groß, U; Gunka, K; Janssen, I; Rupnik, M; Wetzel, D; Zimmermann, O, 2016)
"Severe and severe/complicated Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) can result in ICU admission, sepsis, toxic megacolon and death."1.42Faecal microbiota transplantation plus selected use of vancomycin for severe-complicated Clostridium difficile infection: description of a protocol with high success rate. ( Cook, GK; Fischer, M; Rex, DK; Robb, BW; Rogers, NA; Sipe, BW; Vuppalanchi, R, 2015)
"Metronidazole, a mainstay treatment for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), is often ineffective for severe CDI."1.42Gastrointestinal localization of metronidazole by a lactobacilli-inspired tetramic acid motif improves treatment outcomes in the hamster model of Clostridium difficile infection. ( Alam, ZA; Cherian, PT; Hurdle, JG; Lee, RE; Scarborough, JS; Singh, AP; Wu, X; Yang, L, 2015)
"Metronidazole was initiated in 97% of patients, with 32% switching to oral vancomycin."1.42Evaluation of a bedside scoring system for predicting clinical cure and recurrence of Clostridium difficile infections. ( Jacobson, SM; Slain, D, 2015)
"Cadazolid is a new oxazolidinone-type antibiotic that is currently in clinical development for treatment of CDAD."1.40In vitro and in vivo antibacterial evaluation of cadazolid, a new antibiotic for treatment of Clostridium difficile infections. ( Chen, X; Enderlin, M; Fournier, E; Hubschwerlen, C; Keck, W; Kelly, CP; Klenk, A; Locher, HH; Pfaff, P; Ritz, D; Schroeder, S; Seiler, P, 2014)
"Metronidazole is an effective treatment for CDI."1.40Risk of Clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized patients receiving metronidazole for a non-C difficile infection. ( Cardona, L; Castro-Pavia, F; Hernandez, MB; Rodriguez, S; Schneider, A; Tarchini, G; Vatanchi, M; Zaleski, M, 2014)
"Clostridium difficile infection is considered a major cause of nosocomial diarrhoea in developed countries and is increasingly becoming more important as an etiologic agent of community diarrhoea, also in patients without risk factors."1.40[Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) in Salamanca]. ( Calvo-García, N; de Frutos-Serna, M; García-Sánchez, JE; Hernández-Egido, S; María-Blázquez, A; Siller-Ruiz, M, 2014)
"Metronidazole was the primary treatment for 91 of 94 patients, 7 of 8 cases refractory to metronidazole had no response to vancomycin, and none was due to NAP1/027."1.40Clostridium difficile infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant: strain diversity and outcomes associated with NAP1/027. ( Chung, D; Huang, YT; Jakubowski, AA; Kaltsas, A; Kamboj, M; Papanicolaou, G; Sepkowitz, K; Sheahan, A; Sun, J; Wu, S; Xiao, K, 2014)
" All plasma sample concentrations of SMT19969 were below the limit of quantification (25 ng/ml) at all time points, consistent with the reported lack of bioavailability of the compound."1.40In vivo assessment of SMT19969 in a hamster model of clostridium difficile infection. ( Pulse, M; Vickers, R; Weiss, W, 2014)
"Patients with one or more recurrence were included in this study."1.40Healthcare resource utilization for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection in a large university hospital in Houston, Texas. ( Aitken, SL; DuPont, HL; Garey, KW; Joseph, TB; Lasco, TM; Palmer, HR; Shah, DN; Xie, Y, 2014)
"Hence the diagnosis of pseudomembranous colitis became apparent."1.40Emphysematous cystitis due to recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. ( Dees, A; Jonkman, JG; van Genderen, ME; van Rijn, M, 2014)
"difficile infection in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted into acute medical wards."1.39Hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in acute medical wards. ( Hassan, SA; Huda, N; Lee, YY; Rahman, RA; Wan Bebakar, WM, 2013)
"The recommended treatment for severe Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is oral vancomycin alone."1.39Comparison of treatment outcomes with vancomycin alone versus combination therapy in severe Clostridium difficile infection. ( Bass, SN; Bauer, SR; Lam, SW; Neuner, EA, 2013)
"The incidence and severity of Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) have increased in Western countries."1.39Incidence and clinical features of Clostridium difficile infection in Korea: a nationwide study. ( Cheon, JH; Choi, CH; Eun, CS; Han, DS; Huh, KC; Jang, BI; Jung, SA; Kim, HS; Kim, JS; Kim, WH; Kim, YH; Kim, YS; Lee, KM; Lee, SH; Park, YS; Shin, SJ; Song, HJ; Yang, SK; Ye, BD, 2013)
"Vancomycin treatment of infected mice was associated with improved clinical, diarrhea, and histopathology scores and survival during treatment."1.39Vancomycin treatment's association with delayed intestinal tissue injury, clostridial overgrowth, and recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection in mice. ( Guerrant, RL; Hoffman, PS; Kolling, GL; Li, Y; Moore, JH; Riggins, MS; van Opstal, EJ; Warren, CA, 2013)
"Increased incidence and severity of Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs) is of major concern."1.38Risk factors for Clostridium difficile toxin-positive diarrhea: a population-based prospective case-control study. ( Bjornsson, ES; Einarsdottir, R; Gudlaugsdottir, S; Kalaitzakis, E; Sigurdardottir, O; Vesteinsdottir, I, 2012)
"To determine the incidence of Clostridium difficile infection during 2007, we examined infection in adult inpatient and outpatient members of a managed-care organization."1.38Clostridium difficile infection, Colorado and the northwestern United States, 2007. ( Johnson, ES; Kuntz, JL; Neil, N; Petrik, AF; Raebel, MA; Smith, DH; Spindel, SJ; Thorp, ML; Yang, X, 2012)
"Colitis was diagnosed in 39 of 205 patients."1.38Clostridium difficile and Entamoeba histolytica infections in patients with colitis in the Philippines. ( Daez, ML; Destura, R; Jamias, JD; Labio, E; Sevilleja, JE; Warren, CA, 2012)
"As data from Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in intensive care unit (ICU) are still scarce, our objectives were to assess the morbidity and mortality of ICU-acquired CDI."1.38Outcome of ICU patients with Clostridium difficile infection. ( Adrie, C; Français, A; Garrouste-Orgeas, M; Laupland, K; Le-Monnier, A; Nguile-Makao, M; Schwebel, C; Tabah, A; Timsit, JF; Vesin, A; Zahar, JR, 2012)
" difficile epidemic strains (ribotypes 027 and 106) and linezolid was dosed to achieve human gut concentrations."1.37Evaluation of linezolid for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection caused by epidemic strains using an in vitro human gut model. ( Baines, SD; Freeman, J; Hobbs, JK; Huscroft, GS; Lovering, AM; Noel, AR; O'Connor, R; Todhunter, SL; Wilcox, MH, 2011)
"Metronidazole was effective in a majority of patients."1.37Prevalence and clinical course of Clostridium difficile infection in a tertiary-care hospital: a retrospective analysis. ( Abraham, P; Desai, D; Deshmukh, A; Ingle, M; Joshi, A; Mankeshwar, R; Rodrigues, C, 2011)
"The patient was diagnosed as severe Clostridium difficile infection based on clinical presentation, labs and imaging studies."1.37Successful use of nitazoxanide in the treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. ( Cheema, FH; Kanwal, S; Korsten, MA; Luthra, M; Majeed, UM; Rafiullah, F; Sohail, MR, 2011)
"Metronidazole treatment in severe disease was associated with a higher rate of treatment failure and death."1.36Predictors of death after Clostridium difficile infection: a report on 128 strain-typed cases from a teaching hospital in the United Kingdom. ( Cheek, L; Citron, D; Cubbon, M; Gerding, DN; Llewelyn, MJ; Satta, G; Walker-Bone, K; Wilson, V, 2010)
"The prevalence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still not sufficiently recognized."1.36Clostridium difficile infection in Polish pediatric outpatients with inflammatory bowel disease. ( Banaszkiewicz, A; Brazier, JS; Młynarczyk, G; Obuch-Woszczatyński, P; Pituch, H; Radzikowski, A; van Belkum, A; Wultańska, D, 2010)
"Since 2002, an epidemic of Clostridium difficile infections has occurred in southern Quebec, Canada."1.35Clostridium difficile infections in a Canadian tertiary care hospital before and during a regional epidemic associated with the BI/NAP1/027 strain. ( Béliveau, C; Labbé, AC; Laverdière, M; Louie, T; Maccannell, D; Pépin, J; Poirier, L; Savoie, M, 2008)
"Metronidazole was given as initial therapy in 65 (92."1.35Clostridium difficile infection in the "oldest" old: clinical outcomes in patients aged 80 and older. ( Cober, ED; Malani, PN, 2009)
"Treatment with metronidazole had no significant effect on the clinical outcome."1.33Limited clinical utility of Clostridium difficile toxin testing in infants in a pediatric hospital. ( Richardson, SE; Roscoe, M; Tang, P, 2005)
"Treatment with metronidazole suppositories improved his symptoms and avoided further inappropriate intervention."1.33"Diversion" colitis caused by Clostridium difficile infection: report of a case. ( Feakins, RM; Irving, PM; Rampton, DS; Tsironi, E, 2006)
"Diarrhea is common in oncology patients; if it becomes chronic and relapsing, it can be debilitating, hinder planned management, and be difficult to treat."1.32Probiotics in relapsing and chronic diarrhea. ( Benchimol, EI; Mack, DR, 2004)
"Diarrhea has not recurred."1.31Clostridium perfringens enterotoxicosis in two Amur leopards (Panthera pardus orientalis). ( Neiffer, DL, 2001)
"Lactose intolerance is a secondary problem most commonly associated with rotavirus infection, but it can be caused by any condition affecting the small intestine."1.30Association of Clostridium difficile with enterocolitis and lactose intolerance in a foal. ( Parsons, DA; Staempfli, HR; Weese, JS, 1999)
"Metronidazole was initiated at a dose of 500 mg orally three times daily and continued for 10 days."1.26Treatment of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis with metronidazole. ( Johnson, TA; Page, CO; Tabbut, BR, 1981)

Research

Studies (358)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-199029 (8.10)18.7374
1990's20 (5.59)18.2507
2000's56 (15.64)29.6817
2010's186 (51.96)24.3611
2020's67 (18.72)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Labbé, AC1
Poirier, L1
Maccannell, D1
Louie, T2
Savoie, M1
Béliveau, C1
Laverdière, M1
Pépin, J2
Miller, M1
Donskey, C1
Mullane, K1
Goldstein, EJ1
Xu, WC1
Silverman, MH1
Yu, XY1
Wright, G1
Brown, N1
Wu, T1
Davis, SL1
Church, B1
Alangaden, GJ1
Kenney, RM1
Lee, CC2
Lee, JC3
Chiu, CW2
Tsai, PJ2
Ko, WC2
Hung, YP2
Klezovich-Bénard, M1
Bouchand, F1
Rouveix, E1
Goossens, PL1
Davido, B1
Park, H1
Lee, M1
Jeong, JS1
Collins, DA1
Riley, TV3
Najjar-Debbiny, R1
Bazazhina, A1
Schwartz, N1
Shaked, P1
Saliba, W1
Weber, G1
Wu, Y1
Wang, YY1
Bai, LL1
Zhang, WZ1
Li, GW1
Lu, JX1
Xu, T1
Zhou, F1
Wang, L1
Wu, S2
Huang, H1
Yang, J1
Meng, L1
Yang, H1
Finsterwalder, SK1
Loncaric, I1
Cabal, A1
Szostak, MP1
Barf, LM1
Marz, M1
Allerberger, F1
Burgener, IA1
Tichy, A1
Feßler, AT1
Schwarz, S1
Monecke, S1
Ehricht, R1
Ruppitsch, W1
Spergser, J1
Künzel, F1
Haeusler, GM1
Lehrnbecher, T1
Agyeman, PKA1
Loves, R1
Castagnola, E1
Groll, AH1
van de Wetering, M1
Aftandilian, CC1
Phillips, B1
Chirra, KM1
Schneider, C1
Dupuis, LL1
Sung, L1
Hsueh, PR1
Lee, YT1
Edwards, PT1
Thurm, CW1
Hall, M1
Busing, JD1
Kahn, SA1
Kellermayer, R1
Kociolek, LK1
Oliva-Hemker, MM1
Sammons, JS1
Weatherly, M1
Edwards, KM1
Nicholson, MR1
Dai, J1
Gong, J1
Guo, R1
Sarasoja, M1
Nilson, B1
Wide, D1
Lindberg, Å1
Torisson, G1
Holm, K1
Krutova, M6
Wilcox, M1
Kuijper, E3
Gargis, AS1
Karlsson, M1
Paulick, AL1
Anderson, KF1
Adamczyk, M1
Vlachos, N1
Kent, AG1
McAllister, G1
McKay, SL1
Halpin, AL1
Albrecht, V1
Campbell, D1
Korhonen, LC1
Elkins, CA1
Rasheed, JK1
Guh, AY1
McDonald, LC2
Lutgring, JD1
Meuwly, M1
Chuard, C1
Smits, WK4
Harmanus, C4
Sanders, IMJG1
Bry, L1
Blackwell, GA1
Ducarmon, QR1
de Oliveira Ferreira, E1
Kuijper, EJ6
Bishop, EJ4
Tiruvoipati, R4
Doolan, CP1
Sahragard, B1
Leal, J1
Sharma, A1
Kim, J3
Spackman, E1
Hollis, A1
Pillai, DR1
Pipitone, G1
Granata, G1
Sartelli, M1
Gizzi, A1
Imburgia, C1
Cascio, A1
Iaria, C1
Rodríguez, RT1
Solís Marquínez, MN1
Álvarez, MDCC1
Fernández Suárez, J1
Fernández Domínguez, J1
Rodríguez, BI1
Rodríguez Álvarez, FJ1
Obata, K1
Yamashita, S1
Kim, HS3
Kim, HM1
Gweon, TG1
Tashiro, S2
Mihara, T1
Okawa, R1
Tanaka, Y1
Samura, M1
Enoki, Y3
Taguchi, K3
Matsumoto, K3
Yamagishi, Y2
Karp, J1
Edman-Wallér, J1
Toepfer, M1
Jacobsson, G1
Baek, JE1
Choi, IH1
Cho, YW1
Lee, YJ2
Kim, MC1
Kim, KO1
Cho, YS1
Uchida-Fujii, E1
Niwa, H1
Senoh, M1
Kato, H1
Kinoshita, Y1
Mita, H1
Ueno, T1
Leite, S1
Cotias, C1
Rainha, KC1
Santos, MG1
Penna, B1
F Moraes, RF1
Ferreira, EO1
Lee, P1
Nemati, K1
Silver, EJ1
Cacace, J1
Goldman, DL1
Álvarez-Pérez, S2
Anega, B1
Blanco, JL2
Hernández, M1
García, ME2
Stevens, VW2
Khader, K2
Echevarria, K1
Nelson, RE3
Zhang, Y1
Jones, M1
Timbrook, TT1
Samore, MH2
Rubin, MA2
Tay, HL1
Chow, A1
Ng, TM1
Lye, DC1
Shin, J1
Wi, YM2
Okumura, H2
Fukushima, A1
Taieb, V1
Shoji, S2
English, M2
Parmar, D1
Dang, R1
Miranda-Katz, M1
Alabaster, A1
Greenhow, TL1
Cui, Y1
Dong, D1
Zhang, L1
Wang, D1
Jiang, C1
Ni, Q1
Wang, C1
Mao, E1
Peng, Y1
Wang, Y2
Schluger, A1
Li, J2
Gomez-Simmonds, A1
Salmasian, H1
Freedberg, DE1
Manthey, CF2
Dranova, D1
Christner, M1
Drolz, A1
Kluge, S1
Lohse, AW1
Fuhrmann, V2
Zilberman-Itskovich, S1
Youngster, I1
Lazarovitch, T1
Bondarenco, M1
Toledano, L1
Kachlon, Y1
Mengesha, B1
Strul, N1
Zaidenstein, R1
Marchaim, D1
Haubitz, S1
Bartlomé, N1
Bucheli Laffer, E1
Spelters, C1
Fankhauser, H1
Fux, CA1
Boekhoud, IM2
Hornung, BVH1
Sevilla, E2
Bos-Sanders, IMJG2
Terveer, EM1
Bolea, R2
Corver, J1
Kimura, T2
Stanhope, S1
Sugitani, T2
Ueyama, M1
Sullivan, MH1
Boggiano, VL1
Smith, KL1
Ishii, S1
Muraki, Y1
Kusama, Y1
Yagi, T2
Goto, R1
Ebisui, A1
Kawabe, A1
Inose, R1
Ohmagari, N1
Vega, AD1
Heil, EL2
Blackman, AL1
Banoub, M2
Kristie Johnson, J1
Leekha, S2
Claeys, KC2
Dai, W1
Yang, T1
Yan, L1
Niu, S1
Zhang, C1
Sun, J2
Wang, Z2
Xia, Y1
Phanchana, M1
Phetruen, T1
Harnvoravongchai, P1
Raksat, P1
Ounjai, P1
Chankhamhaengdecha, S1
Janvilisri, T1
Cheng, JW2
Liu, C2
Kudinha, T2
Xiao, M2
Fan, X1
Yang, CX1
Wei, M1
Liang, GW1
Shao, DH1
Xiong, ZJ1
Hou, X1
Yu, SY2
Yang, QW2
Su, JR1
Xu, YC2
Roder, C1
Athan, E1
Brown, HL1
Erickson, GA1
Phatharacharukul, P1
Purpura, RD1
Gandhi, D1
Xu, H1
Bickett-Burkhart, K1
Chalasani, N1
Fischer, M2
Orman, ES1
Ito, H1
Vega, A1
Blackman, A1
Johnson, JK1
Polivkova, S1
Capek, V1
Sykorova, B1
Benes, J1
Sugimoto, H1
Yoshihara, A1
Yamamoto, T1
Sugimoto, K1
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Garrouste-Orgeas, M1
Français, A1
Vesin, A1
Nguile-Makao, M1
Tabah, A1
Laupland, K1
Le-Monnier, A1
Timsit, JF1
Khanna, S1
Pardi, DS1
van Opstal, EJ1
Riggins, MS1
Li, Y1
Moore, JH1
Kolling, GL1
Guerrant, RL1
Hoffman, PS1
Nagy, GG1
Várvölgyi, C1
Paragh, G1
Chiba, J1
Saito, M1
Honda, Y1
Kaku, M1
Magdesian, KG1
Hirsh, DC1
Jang, SS1
Hansen, LM1
Madigan, JE1
Marks, SL2
Kather, EJ2
Neiffer, DL1
Levenga, H1
Donnelly, P1
Blijlevens, N1
Verweij, P1
Shirango, H1
de Pauw, B1
Poutanen, SM1
Benchimol, EI1
Mack, DR1
Alary, ME1
Villemure, P1
Pelletier, A1
Forget, K1
Pépin, K1
Chouinard, D1
Gosselink, MP1
Schouten, WR1
van Lieshout, LM1
Hop, WC1
Laman, JD1
Ruseler-van Embden, JG1
Kader, A1
O'Hare, B1
Valappil, MK1
Miner, J1
Gillan, MM1
Alex, P1
Centola, M1
McFarland, LV3
Ohl, ME1
Stevermer, JJ1
Meadows, S1
Tribuna, J1
Chek, K1
Parmar, MS1
Tang, P1
Roscoe, M1
Richardson, SE1
Alonso, R1
Foley, JE1
Modena, S1
Gollamudi, S1
Friedenberg, F1
Stewart, AJ1
Oldfield, EC1
Tsironi, E1
Irving, PM1
Feakins, RM1
Rampton, DS1
Burillo, A1
Owens, RC1
Abreu, MT1
Harpaz, N1
Tremaine, WJ1
Bektaş, M1
Toruner, M1
Cetinkaya, H1
Soykan, I1
Ozden, A1
Belmares, J1
Parada, JP1
Miskevics, S1
Weaver, F1
Cattin, I1
Liehmann, L1
Ammon, P1
Dupre, G1
Bishara, J1
Wattad, M1
Paul, M1
Huggan, PJ1
Murdoch, DR1
Lawrence, SJ1
Pupaibool, J1
Khantipong, M1
Suankratay, C1
Halsey, J1
Tekaya, R1
Saidane, O1
Abdelmoula, L1
Ben Hadj Yahia, C1
Manamani, L1
Chaabouni, L1
Zouari, R1
Romero Ganuza, FJ1
Kapoor, S1
Scheurer, D1
Sol'skiĭ, IaP1
Ivchenko, VN1
Teasley, DG1
Olson, MM2
Peterson, LR4
Gebhard, RL1
Schwartz, MJ1
Lee, JT2
Gordon, RS1
Willis, AT1
Keighley, MR1
Tedesco, FJ2
Johnson, TA1
Tabbut, BR1
Page, CO1
Kojima, T1
Nakamura, T1
Yoshida, T1
Aoki, Y1
Tomita, E1
George, WL1
Rolfe, RD1
Finegold, SM3
Oldenburger, D1
Miller, JA1
Delmée, M2
Melin, P1
Peetermans, W1
Verbist, L1
Verschraegen, G1
Chiang, V1
Adelson, PD1
Poussaint, TY1
Hand, M1
Churchwell, KB1
Golledge, CL1
Cartmill, TD1
Panigrahi, H1
Worsley, MA1
McCann, DC1
Nice, CN1
Keith, E1
Baldwin, L1
Henderson, A1
Wright, M1
Whitby, M1
Howe, R1
Gröschel, DH1
Fekety, R2
Greenberg, RN2
Elmer, GW2
Mulligan, ME1
Bailey, EM1
Weese, JS2
Parsons, DA1
Staempfli, HR2
Borer, A1
Gilad, J1
Sikuler, E1
Riesenberg, K1
Schlaeffer, F1
Buskila, D1
Brandt, LJ1
Kosche, KA1
Greenwald, DA1
Berkman, D1
Danko, L1
Wuorela, M1
Räihä, I1
Theys, J1
Landuyt, W1
Nuyts, S1
Van Mellaert, L1
Bosmans, E1
Rijnders, A1
Van Den Bogaert, W1
van Oosterom, A1
Anné, J1
Lambin, P1
Jones, RL1
Sakurai, T1
Hajiro, K1
Takakuwa, H1
Nishi, A1
Aihara, M1
Chiba, T1
Kurtz, CB1
Cannon, EP1
Brezzani, A1
Pitruzzello, M1
Dinardo, C1
Rinard, E1
Acheson, DW1
Fitzpatrick, R1
Kelly, P1
Shackett, K1
Papoulis, AT1
Goddard, PJ1
Barker, RH1
Palace, GP1
Klinger, JD1
Heering, NJ1
Kyne, L1
Farrell, RJ1
Leroi, MJ1
Siarakas, S1
Gottlieb, T1
Sicé, J1
Pashby, NL1
Bolton, RP2
Sherriff, RJ1
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Burdon, DW1
Keighley, M1
Silva, J1
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Rifkin, GD1
Ebright, JR1
Donta, ST1
Homann, SR1
Bettin, KM1
Quick, JN1
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Fruhmann, K1
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Roudon, T1
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Muller, DL1
Krag, MH1
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Lerner, PI1

Clinical Trials (30)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
An Open-Label, Dose Ranging, Randomized Clinical Evaluation of OPT-80 in Patients With Clostridium Difficile-Associated Diarrhea (CDAD)[NCT00097422]Phase 20 participants Interventional2004-11-01Completed
The Effect of a Twice Daily, 200 mg Dose of Oral Fidaxomicin Compared to Placebo on Risk of Acquiring C. Difficile and Developing C. Difficile Infection (CDI) in High Risk Patients[NCT01552668]Phase 40 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-09-30Withdrawn (stopped due to Study not performed)
ACX-362E [Ibezapolstat] for Oral Treatment of Clostridioides Difficile Infection: A Phase 2A Open-Label Segment Followed by a Phase 2B Double-Blind Vancomycin-Controlled Segment[NCT04247542]Phase 232 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-03-06Active, not recruiting
The Use of Clinell Universal Wipes, Clinell Sporicidal Wipes, and Clinell EvaluClean Fluorescent Marker System, in Reducing Environmental Contamination and Acquisitions of Multidrug Resistant Organisms and Hospital Acquired Infections[NCT05522725]7,725 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-10-20Completed
Exploratory Study of Impact of Oral Metronidazole, Vancomycin and Fidaxomicin on the Extent and Quantity of Host Carriage and Environmental Contamination With C. Difficile[NCT02057198]Phase 433 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-06-10Completed
Evaluation of Fidaxomicin in the Treatment of Clostridium Difficile Infection (CDI)[NCT04070352]50 participants (Anticipated)Observational2019-08-01Enrolling by invitation
Seroprevalence of Antibodies to Surface Antigens and Toxins of Clostridioides Difficile[NCT05192148]840 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-11-30Recruiting
A Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Adaptive Design Study of the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of a Single Infusion of MK-3415 (Human Monoclonal Antibody to Clostridium Difficile Toxin A), MK-6072 (Human Monoclonal Antibody to [NCT01241552]Phase 31,452 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-10-10Completed
A Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of a Single Infusion of MK-6072 (Human Monoclonal Antibody to Clostridium Difficile Toxin B), and MK-3415A (Human Monoclonal Antibodies to Clostridium[NCT01513239]Phase 31,203 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-02-01Completed
Aiming to Reduce Disease-related Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Systemic Sclerosis by Repeat Intestinal Infusions of Anaerobic Cultivated Human Intestinal Microbiome (ACHIM); a Randomized, Double-blind Placebo-controlled 20 Week Study[NCT04300426]Phase 275 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-09-24Completed
COmparative Effectiveness of intestinaL microbiOta Versus vaNcomycin for Primary c. Difficile Infection - randomiZEd Trials[NCT03796650]Phase 3188 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-07-17Recruiting
Lyophilized Fecal Microbiome Transfer for Primary Clostridioides Difficile Infection (DONATE Study): a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT05709184]196 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-03-31Not yet recruiting
PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF PREDISPOSING FACTORS OF REFRACTARY Clostridium Difficile INFECTION. INFLUENCE OF THE GUT MICROBIOMA[NCT04259931]50 participants (Anticipated)Observational2020-03-01Not yet recruiting
"A Randomised Placebo Controlled Trial of Follow on Rifaximin for the Prevention of Relapse of Clostridium Associated Diarrhoea"[NCT01670149]Phase 4151 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-12-31Completed
A Study of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) for the Treatment of Recurrent C. Difficile Associated Diarrhea (RCDAD) Via Retention Enema or Oral Route[NCT02449174]Phase 1/Phase 269 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-03-17Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind Study of GT267-004 Versus Vancomycin, and GT267-004 Versus Metronidazole, in Patients With C.Difficile - Associated Diarrhea[NCT00106509]Phase 3520 participants Interventional2005-03-31Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind Study of GT267-004 Versus Vancomycin, and GT267-004 Versus Metronidazole in Patients With C. Difficile-Associated Diarrhea[NCT00196794]Phase 3520 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-04-30Completed
Phase III,Randomized,Double-blinded Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Effectiveness and Safety of Oral Vancomycin Vs Placebo in the Prevention of Recurrence of C.Difficile Infection in Patients Under Treatment With Systemic Antibiotic Therapy[NCT05320068]Phase 3108 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-08-02Recruiting
Assessment Of Changes In Gut Microbiota Of Patients With Recurrent Clostridioides Difficile Infection After Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Prospective Study[NCT05739825]20 participants (Anticipated)Observational2023-02-13Recruiting
Fecal Calprotectin Level in Differentiating Between Inflammatory and Non-inflammatory Diarrhea in Patients With Nosocomial Diarrhea[NCT04491799]135 participants (Actual)Observational2019-02-01Completed
Frail Old Patients With Clostridioides Difficile Infection: Improvement of Quality in Treatment and Care[NCT05447533]217 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-09-16Completed
Clostridioides Difficile Infection: Prospective Cohort Analyzing CLInic Evolution and Bacterial Clearance[NCT06030245]100 participants (Anticipated)Observational2023-09-18Recruiting
Randomized Double Blind Controlled Trial for the Treatment of Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT)+/Toxin Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA)- Clostridium Difficile in the Hematology Oncology Population[NCT03030248]Phase 29 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-06-01Completed
A Phase II Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Clinical Effectiveness of a Human Monoclonal Antibody to Clostridium Difficile Toxin A (GS-CDA1) and a Human Monoclonal Antibody to Clostridium Difficile Toxin B (MDX-1388) in Patients B[NCT00350298]Phase 2200 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-07-20Completed
A Double-Blind Study to Compare the Safety and Efficacy of PAR-101 to Vancomycin in Subjects With Clostridium Difficile-Associated Diarrhea (CDAD)[NCT00468728]Phase 3535 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-10-04Completed
A Multi-National, Multi-Center, Double-Blind, Randomized, Parallel Group Study to Compare the Safety and Efficacy of 200 mg PAR-101 Taken q12h With 125 mg Vancomycin Taken q6h for Ten Days in Subjects With Clostridium Difficile-Associated Diarrhea[NCT00314951]Phase 3629 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-05-02Completed
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Versus Standard Medical Therapy for Initial Treatment of Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection[NCT02255305]Phase 26 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-01-31Terminated (stopped due to Due to personnel issues for finding and enrolling patients, performing appropriate follow-up and performing FMT procedure)
A Pilot Study of the Safety and Efficacy of AST-120 in the Treatment of Antibiotic-Refractory Pouchitis[NCT00583531]Phase 22 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-03-31Terminated (stopped due to Lack of enrollment)
A Pilot Study of the Safety and Efficacy of AST-120 in the Treatment of Active Pouchitis[NCT00583076]Phase 219 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-02-28Completed
Prospective, Randomized Study of Oral Metronidazole vs. Oral Metronidazole and Rifampin for Treatment of Clostridium Difficile-associated Diarrhea (CDAD)[NCT00182429]Phase 3100 participants Interventional2004-02-29Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Molecular Relatedness of Isolates

When sufficient growth was available to permit sub-culture and ribotyping, we conducted ribotyping of each patient's stool C. difficile isolate for comparison to isolates from the same patient's hospital environment. Reported is the total percent of hospital room environmental isolates that match the ribotyping of the associated patient's stool sample (there is no averaging). (NCT02057198)
Timeframe: Days 0-14

Interventionpercent of matching isolates (Number)
Fidaxomicin68.1
Metronidazole80.0
Vancomycin77.8

Total Environmental Contamination According to Antibiotic Treatment Group

In addition to total colony counts over time, the investigators also assessed the proportion of positive cultures over time (from the 5 replicate Rodac plate samplings repeated at each of 5 sites within each patient room: bedrail, overbed table, sink, toilet seat and bathroom floor). The cumulative proportion of positive cultures (including days 0, 3, 7, 14) is reported according to each treatment group. (NCT02057198)
Timeframe: Days 0, 3, 7, and 14

Interventionpercentage of positive cultures (Number)
Fidaxomicin13.4
Metronidazole18.6
Vancomycin7.6

C. Difficile Shedding in Stool Over Time

C. difficile was isolated and serially diluted to permit colony counts (CFU/g stool) over time for each patient. (NCT02057198)
Timeframe: Days 0, 3, 7, 14

,,
InterventionCFU/g stool (Mean)
Day 0Day 3Day 7Day 14
Fidaxomicin8159407220000
Metronidazole2233564120000
Vancomycin3534040000

Change in Total Median Total Colony Forming Units (CFU) of C. Difficile Identified in the Hospital Room Environment for Each Antibiotic Treatment Group.

Rodac plates were used to take environmental samples from 5 different sites within each patient's hospital room (bedrail, overbed table, sink, toilet seat, bathroom floor). Each Rodac plate samples a surface area of ~25 cm2. 5 replicates were taken for each site and repeated on days 0, 3, 7, and 14. Median total colony counts are reported for each treatment group. Data from the specified time points were combined to construct a decay slope, representing the reduction in log(CFUs)/day for each treatment group. We compared the slope (rate of change) between treatment groups using mixed effects models. (NCT02057198)
Timeframe: Days 0, 3, 7 and 14.

,,
InterventionColony forming units (CFUs) (Median)
Day 0Day 3Day 7Day 14
Fidaxomicin56700
Metronidazole3353150
Vancomycin1492400

Count of Stool Specimens From Patients That Are Positive for C. Difficile

Count of stool cultures positive for C. difficile at each time point (NCT02057198)
Timeframe: Days 0, 3, 7, 14

,,
InterventionNumber of positive stool cultures (Number)
Day 0Day 3Day 7Day 14
Fidaxomicin20600
Metronidazole21300
Vancomycin17200

Percentage of Stool Specimens From Patients That Are Positive for C. Difficile

Percentage of stool cultures positive for C. difficile at each time point (NCT02057198)
Timeframe: Days 0, 3, 7, 14

,,
Intervention% of positive stool cultures (Number)
Day 0Day 3Day 7Day 14
Fidaxomicin1006000
Metronidazole95.57500
Vancomycin853300

Percentage of Participants ≥ 65 Years of Age at Study Entry With CDI Recurrence

CDI recurrence is defined as the development of a new episode of diarrhea (3 or more loose stools in 24 or fewer hours) and a positive local or central lab stool test for toxigenic C. difficile following clinical cure of the initial CDI episode. (NCT01241552)
Timeframe: Up to 12 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-3415 + SOC26.2
MK-6072 + SOC15.1
MK-3415A + SOC17.0
Placebo + SOC33.2

Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Study Medication Due to an AE During 4 Weeks Following Infusion

An AE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical investigation participant administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended signs (including an abnormal laboratory finding, for example), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product or protocol-specific procedure, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product or protocol-specific procedure. Any worsening (i.e., any clinically significant adverse change in frequency and/or intensity) of a preexisting condition that is temporally associated with the use of the Sponsor's product, is also an AE. (NCT01241552)
Timeframe: Up to 28 days

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-3415 + SOC0.4
MK-6072 + SOC0.3
MK-3415A + SOC0.0
Placebo + SOC0.0

Percentage of Participants With a History of CDI in the 6 Months Prior to Enrollment With CDI Recurrence

CDI recurrence is defined as the development of a new episode of diarrhea (3 or more loose stools in 24 or fewer hours) and a positive local or central lab stool test for toxigenic C. difficile following clinical cure of the initial CDI episode. (NCT01241552)
Timeframe: Up to 12 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-3415 + SOC33.3
MK-6072 + SOC26.2
MK-3415A + SOC25.0
Placebo + SOC39.4

Percentage of Participants With an Epidemic Strain of C. Difficile (Ribotypes 027, 014, 002, 001, 106, and 020) at Study Entry With CDI Recurrence

CDI recurrence is defined as the development of a new episode of diarrhea (3 or more loose stools in 24 or fewer hours) and a positive local or central lab stool test for toxigenic C. difficile following clinical cure of the initial CDI episode. (NCT01241552)
Timeframe: Up to 12 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-3415 + SOC24.6
MK-6072 + SOC23.1
MK-3415A + SOC19.8
Placebo + SOC35.8

Percentage of Participants With Any Drug-related AE During 4 Weeks Following Infusion

An AE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical investigation participant administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended signs (including an abnormal laboratory finding, for example), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product or protocol-specific procedure, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product or protocol specific procedure. Any worsening (i.e., any clinically significant adverse change in frequency and/or intensity) of a preexisting condition that is temporally associated with the use of the Sponsor's product, is also an AE. A drug-related AE was an AE determined by the investigator to be related to the drug. (NCT01241552)
Timeframe: Up to 28 days

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-3415 + SOC7.2
MK-6072 + SOC8.2
MK-3415A + SOC6.2
Placebo + SOC5.0

Percentage of Participants With Any Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) During 4 Weeks Following Infusion

A SAE is any AE occurring at any dose or during any use of Sponsor's product that: results in death; or is life threatening; or results in a persistent or significant disability/incapacity; or results in or prolongs an existing inpatient hospitalization; or is a congenital anomaly/birth defect; or is a cancer, or is associated with an overdose (whether accidental or intentional); or is other important medical events. (NCT01241552)
Timeframe: Up to 28 days

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-3415 + SOC27.7
MK-6072 + SOC21.5
MK-3415A + SOC14.7
Placebo + SOC20.0

Percentage of Participants With Any Serious Drug-related Adverse Events During 4 Weeks Following Infusion

A SAE is any AE occurring at any dose or during any use of Sponsor's product that: results in death; or is life threatening; or results in a persistent or significant disability/incapacity; or results in or prolongs an existing inpatient hospitalization; or is a congenital anomaly/birth defect; or is a cancer, or is associated with an overdose (whether accidental or intentional); or is other important medical events. A serious drug-related AE was a SAE determined by the investigator to be related to the drug. (NCT01241552)
Timeframe: Up to 28 days

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-3415 + SOC1.3
MK-6072 + SOC1.0
MK-3415A + SOC0.5
Placebo + SOC0.3

Percentage of Participants With CDI Recurrence in Those With Clinical Cure of the Initial CDI Episode

CDI recurrence is defined as the development of a new episode of diarrhea (3 or more loose stools in 24 or fewer hours) and a positive local or central lab stool test for toxigenic C. difficile following clinical cure of the initial CDI episode. Clinical cure is defined as participants who received ≤ 14 day regimen of SOC therapy and have no diarrhea (≤2 loose stools per 24 hours) for two consecutive days following completion of SOC therapy for the baseline CDI episode. (NCT01241552)
Timeframe: Up to 12 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-3415 + SOC35.5
MK-6072 + SOC22.4
MK-3415A + SOC21.3
Placebo + SOC33.3

Percentage of Participants With Clinically Severe CDI at Study Entry With CDI Recurrence

CDI recurrence is defined as the development of a new episode of diarrhea (3 or more loose stools in 24 or fewer hours) and a positive local or central lab stool test for toxigenic C. difficile following clinical cure of the initial CDI episode. Clinically severe CDI is defined as a Zar Score ≥ 2 based on the presence of 1 or more of the following: 1) age >60 years old (1 point); 2)body temperature >38.3°C (>100°F) (1 point); 3) albumin level ˂2.5 mg/dL (1 point); 4) peripheral white blood cell count >15,000 cells/mm^3 within 48 hours (1 point); 5) endoscopic evidence of pseudomembranous colitis (2 points); and 6) treatment in Intensive Care Unit (2 points). (NCT01241552)
Timeframe: Up to 12 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-3415 + SOC25.8
MK-6072 + SOC10.4
MK-3415A + SOC12.9
Placebo + SOC25.0

Percentage of Participants With Clostridium Difficile Infection (CDI) Recurrence

CDI recurrence is defined as the development of a new episode of diarrhea (3 or more loose stools in 24 or fewer hours) and a positive local or central lab stool test for toxigenic Clostridium (C.) difficile following clinical cure of the initial CDI episode (NCT01241552)
Timeframe: Up to 12 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-3415 + SOC25.9
MK-6072 + SOC17.4
MK-3415A + SOC15.9
Placebo + SOC27.6

Percentage of Participants With Compromised Immunity at Study Entry With CDI Recurrence

CDI recurrence is defined as the development of a new episode of diarrhea (3 or more loose stools in 24 or fewer hours) and a positive local or central lab stool test for toxigenic C. difficile following clinical cure of the initial CDI episode. Compromised immunity is defined as follows: an active hematological malignancy (including leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma), an active malignancy requiring recent cytotoxic chemotherapy, receipt of a prior hematopoietic stem cell transplant, receipt of a prior solid organ transplant, asplenia, or neutropenia/pancytopenia due to other conditions. (NCT01241552)
Timeframe: Up to 12 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-3415 + SOC18.2
MK-6072 + SOC17.2
MK-3415A + SOC11.5
Placebo + SOC28.3

Percentage of Participants With Global Cure

Global Cure is defined as the clinical cure of the initial CDI episode and no CDI recurrence through Week 12. Clinical cure is defined as participants who received ≤ 14 day regimen of SOC therapy and have no diarrhea (≤2 loose stools per 24 hours) for two consecutive days following completion of SOC therapy for the initial CDI episode. (NCT01241552)
Timeframe: Up to 12 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-3415 + SOC47.0
MK-6072 + SOC60.1
MK-3415A + SOC58.7
Placebo + SOC55.2

Percentage of Participants With Infusion-specific AEs

Infusion-specific AEs included local infusion site AEs; and systemic AEs which include nausea, vomiting, chills, fatigue, feeling hot, infusion site conditions (bruising, coldness, erythema, extravasation, pain, phlebitis, pruritus), pyrexia, arthralgia, musculoskeletal pain, myalgia, dizziness, headache, dysphonia, nasal congestion, pruritus, rash, pruritic rash, urticaria, flushing, hot flush, hypertension, and hypotension. (NCT01241552)
Timeframe: Up to 24 hours

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-3415 + SOC11.1
MK-6072 + SOC11.8
MK-3415A + SOC8.8
Placebo + SOC7.5

Percentage of Participants With One or More Adverse Events (AEs) During 4 Weeks Following Infusion

An AE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical investigation participant administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended signs (including an abnormal laboratory finding, for example), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product or protocol-specific procedure, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product or protocol specific procedure. Any worsening (i.e., any clinically significant adverse change in frequency and/or intensity) of a preexisting condition that is temporally associated with the use of the Sponsor's product, is also an AE. (NCT01241552)
Timeframe: Up to 28 days

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-3415 + SOC67.2
MK-6072 + SOC65.4
MK-3415A + SOC59.7
Placebo + SOC62.0

Percentage of Participants With the B1/NAP1/027 Strain of C. Difficile at Study Entry With CDI Recurrence

CDI recurrence is defined as the development of a new episode of diarrhea (3 or more loose stools in 24 or fewer hours) and a positive local or central lab stool test for toxigenic C. difficile following clinical cure of the initial CDI episode. (NCT01241552)
Timeframe: Up to 12 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-3415 + SOC33.3
MK-6072 + SOC26.1
MK-3415A + SOC10.8
Placebo + SOC36.1

Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Study Medication Due to an Adverse Event During 4 Weeks Following Infusion Treatment

An adverse event (AE) is defined as any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function, or chemistry of the body temporally associated with the use of the medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the use of the product. Any worsening (i.e., any clinically significant adverse change in frequency and/or intensity) of a preexisting condition which is temporally associated with the use of the medicinal product, is also an adverse event. (NCT01513239)
Timeframe: Up to 4 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-3415A + SOC0
MK-6072 + SOC0
Placebo + SOC0

Percentage of Participants With CDI Recurrence

CDI recurrence is defined as the development of a new episode of diarrhea (3 or more loose stools in 24 or fewer hours) and a positive lab stool test (local or central) for toxigenic C. difficile after clinical cure of the initial CDI episode. Clinical cure is defined as no diarrhea [2 or fewer loose stools per 24 hours] for 2 consecutive days following completion of SOC therapy for the initial CDI episode in participants who received =< 14 day regimen. (NCT01513239)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-3415A + SOC14.9
MK-6072 + SOC15.7
Placebo + SOC25.7

Percentage of Participants With CDI Recurrence in Those 65 Years and Older

CDI recurrence is defined as the development of a new episode of diarrhea (3 or more loose stools in 24 or fewer hours) and a positive lab stool test (local or central) for toxigenic C. difficile. Clinical cure is defined as no diarrhea [2 or fewer loose stools per 24 hours] for 2 consecutive days following completion of SOC therapy for the initial CDI episode in participants who received =< 14 day regimen. (NCT01513239)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-3415A + SOC17.4
MK-6072 + SOC15.6
Placebo + SOC29.6

Percentage of Participants With CDI Recurrence in Those With a History of CDI in the 6 Months Prior to Enrollment

CDI recurrence is defined as the development of a new episode of diarrhea (3 or more loose stools in 24 or fewer hours) and a positive lab stool test (local or central) for toxigenic C. difficile. Clinical cure is defined as no diarrhea [2 or fewer loose stools per 24 hours] for 2 consecutive days following completion of SOC therapy for the initial CDI episode in participants who received =< 14 day regimen. (NCT01513239)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-3415A + SOC20.2
MK-6072 + SOC23.9
Placebo + SOC42.7

Percentage of Participants With CDI Recurrence in Those With an Epidemic Strain

CDI recurrence is defined as the development of a new episode of diarrhea (3 or more loose stools in 24 or fewer hours) and a positive lab stool test (local or central) for toxigenic C. difficile. Clinical cure is defined as no diarrhea [2 or fewer loose stools per 24 hours] for 2 consecutive days following completion of SOC therapy for the initial CDI episode in participants who received =< 14 day regimen. An epidemic strain includes ribotypes 027, 014, 002, 001, 106 or 020. (NCT01513239)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-3415A + SOC14.7
MK-6072 + SOC18.6
Placebo + SOC29.1

Percentage of Participants With CDI Recurrence in Those With Clinical Cure of the Initial CDI Episode

CDI recurrence is defined as the development of a new episode of diarrhea (3 or more loose stools in 24 or fewer hours) and a positive lab stool test (local or central) for toxigenic C. difficile. Clinical cure is defined as no diarrhea [2 or fewer loose stools per 24 hours] for 2 consecutive days following completion of SOC therapy for the initial CDI episode in participants who received =< 14 day regimen. (NCT01513239)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-3415A + SOC20.6
MK-6072 + SOC19.0
Placebo + SOC33.0

Percentage of Participants With CDI Recurrence in Those With Clinically Severe CDI

CDI recurrence is defined as the development of a new episode of diarrhea (3 or more loose stools in 24 or fewer hours) and a positive lab stool test (local or central) for toxigenic C. difficile. Clinical cure is defined as no diarrhea [2 or fewer loose stools per 24 hours] for 2 consecutive days following completion of SOC therapy for the initial CDI episode in participants who received =< 14 day regimen. Participants with clinically severe CDI have a Zar Score greater than or equal to 2 points based on the presence of 1 or more of the following: 1) age >60 years old (1 point); 2) body temperature >38.3°C (>100°F) (1 point); 3) albumin level ˂2.5 mg/dl (1 point); 4) peripheral white blood cell count >15,000 cells/mm^3 within 48 hours (1 point); 5) endoscopic evidence of pseudomembranous colitis (2 points); and 6) treatment in Intensive Care Unit (2 points). (NCT01513239)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-3415A + SOC11.3
MK-6072 + SOC10.9
Placebo + SOC20.0

Percentage of Participants With CDI Recurrence in Those With Compromised Immunity

CDI recurrence is defined as the development of a new episode of diarrhea (3 or more loose stools in 24 or fewer hours) and a positive lab stool test (local or central) for toxigenic C. difficile. Clinical cure is defined as no diarrhea [2 or fewer loose stools per 24 hours] for 2 consecutive days following completion of SOC therapy for the initial CDI episode in participants who received =< 14 day regimen. Compromised immunity is an active hematological malignancy (including leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma), an active malignancy requiring recent cytotoxic chemotherapy, receipt of a prior hematopoietic stem cell transplant, receipt of a prior solid organ transplant, asplenia, or neutropenia/pancytopenia due to other conditions. (NCT01513239)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-3415A + SOC16.5
MK-6072 + SOC12.1
Placebo + SOC26.2

Percentage of Participants With CDI Recurrence in Those With the 027 Ribotype

CDI recurrence is defined as the development of a new episode of diarrhea (3 or more loose stools in 24 or fewer hours) and a positive lab stool test (local or central) for toxigenic C. difficile. Clinical cure is defined as no diarrhea [2 or fewer loose stools per 24 hours] for 2 consecutive days following completion of SOC therapy for the initial CDI episode in participants who received =< 14 day regimen. The 027 ribotype is a more virulent, epidemic strain responsible for several outbreaks of disease associated with an increased risk of severity and mortality. (NCT01513239)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-3415A + SOC12.8
MK-6072 + SOC20.9
Placebo + SOC32.8

Percentage of Participants With Global Cure

Global cure is defined as the clinical cure of the initial CDI episode with no CDI recurrence through Week 12. Clinical cure is defined as no diarrhea [2 or fewer loose stools per 24 hours] for 2 consecutive days following completion of SOC therapy for the initial CDI episode in participants who received =< 14 day regimen. (NCT01513239)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-3415A + SOC57.4
MK-6072 + SOC66.8
Placebo + SOC52.1

Percentage of Participants With One or More Adverse Events During 4 Weeks Following Infusion Treatment

An adverse event (AE) is defined as any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function, or chemistry of the body temporally associated with the use of the medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the use of the product. Any worsening (i.e., any clinically significant adverse change in frequency and/or intensity) of a preexisting condition which is temporally associated with the use of the medicinal product, is also an adverse event. (NCT01513239)
Timeframe: Up to 4 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-3415A + SOC57.4
MK-6072 + SOC58.1
Placebo + SOC60.4

Percentage of Participants With One or More Drug-related Adverse Events During 4 Weeks Following Infusion Treatment

An adverse event (AE) is defined as any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function, or chemistry of the body temporally associated with the use of the medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the use of the product. Any worsening (i.e., any clinically significant adverse change in frequency and/or intensity) of a preexisting condition which is temporally associated with the use of the medicinal product, is also an adverse event. A drug-related adverse event is determined by the investigator to be related to the drug. (NCT01513239)
Timeframe: Up to 4 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-3415A + SOC6.7
MK-6072 + SOC6.8
Placebo + SOC6.8

Percentage of Participants With One or More Infusion-specific Adverse Events on the Day of Infusion or the Day After Infusion

An adverse event (AE) is defined as any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function, or chemistry of the body temporally associated with the use of the medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the use of the product. Any worsening (i.e., any clinically significant adverse change in frequency and/or intensity) of a preexisting condition which is temporally associated with the use of the medicinal product, is also an adverse event. (NCT01513239)
Timeframe: Up to 24 hours

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-3415A + SOC7.2
MK-6072 + SOC8.8
Placebo + SOC7.6

Percentage of Participants With One or More Serious Drug-related Adverse Events During 4 Weeks Following Infusion Treatment

A serious adverse event (SAE) is any AE occurring at any dose or during any use of the medicinal product that results in death; or is life threatening; or results in a persistent or significant disability/incapacity; or results in or prolongs an existing inpatient hospitalization; or is a congenital anomaly/birth defect; or other important medical events. A serious drug-related adverse event is determined by the investigator to be related to the drug. (NCT01513239)
Timeframe: Up to 4 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
MK-3415A + SOC0.8
MK-6072 + SOC0.0
Placebo + SOC0.3

Number of Participants Who Continue to Have Diarrhea and C. Difficile Toxin Following Fecal Microbiota Transplantation From a Healthy Donor

diarrhea was defined as more than 3 episodes of loose/watery stools in 2 consecutive days (NCT02449174)
Timeframe: 60 days after the procedure

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Frozen Microbiota4
Lyophilized Microbiota5

Safety as Assessed by Number of Participants With Any Adverse Events (AE)s

any untoward medical occurrence associated with the use of PRIM-DJ2727 whether or not considered drug related is considered as an adverse event (AE) (NCT02449174)
Timeframe: 6 months after the procedure

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Frozen Microbiota4
Lyophilized Microbiota4

Number of Participants With Recurrence of Clostridium Difficile Associated Disease (CDAD)

Determine if the addition of C. difficile toxin A and toxin B human monoclonal anti-toxin antibodies to standard of care treatment reduces the number of subjects with recurrent CDAD compared to standard of care and placebo. Standard of care treatment is defined as receipt of either metronidazole by mouth or parenterally or receipt of vancomycin by mouth with a standard duration of treatment defined as 10 - 14 days (+ 2 days)). Recurrence of CDAD is defined as the development of a new episode of C. difficile disease associated with a positive C. difficile stool toxin(s) test after the resolution of prior episode and after discontinuation of SOC treatment. (NCT00350298)
Timeframe: Day 0 to Day 84

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
GS-CDA1/MDX-13887
Placebo25

Number of Patients With Severe Initial C. Difficile Disease

Determine if the addition of a C. difficile toxin A human monoclonal antibody combined with C. difficile toxin B human monoclonal antibody to standard of care treatment reduces the number of patients with severe C. difficile disease compared to those patients receiving standard of care and placebo. Severe initial disease is defined as ≥ 5 unformed stools/day for 2 consecutive days from day 1 to the end of the initial episode of diarrhea and discontinuation of SOC. (NCT00350298)
Timeframe: Day 0 to Day 84

InterventionParticipants (Number)
GS-CDA1/MDX-138829
Placebo37

Number of Patients With Standard of Care Treatment Failure

Determine if the addition of a C. difficile toxin A human monoclonal antibody combined with C. difficile toxin B human monoclonal antibody to standard of care treatment reduces the number of patients who experience standard of care treatment failure compared to those patients receiving standard of care and placebo. Standard of care treatment failure is defined as (i) recurrence of diarrhea (after it had initially resolved) while on SOC treatment during the first 14 days, or (ii) change in SOC treatment (i.e., antibiotics given), or (iii) diarrhea episode lasting ≥14 days while on SOC treatment. (NCT00350298)
Timeframe: Day 0 to Day 84

InterventionParticipants (Number)
GS-CDA1/MDX-138821
Placebo24

Time to Resolution of Initial CDAD Episode

Determine if the addition of a C. difficile toxin A human monoclonal antibody combined with C. difficile toxin B human monoclonal antibody to standard of care treatment reduces the time to resolution of diarrhea in patients with CDAD compared to those patients receiving standard of care and placebo. Resolution of CDAD is defined as the cessation of diarrhea for at least two consecutive days. (NCT00350298)
Timeframe: Day 0 to Day 84

InterventionDays (Median)
GS-CDA1/MDX-13883
Placebo3

Antibody Concentrations to Toxin A and to Toxin B Between Treatment Groups

Antibody concentrations to Toxin A and to Toxin B in those patients receiving C. difficile toxin A human monoclonal antibody combined with C. difficile toxin B human monoclonal antibody and standard of care treatment to those patients receiving standard of care and placebo (NCT00350298)
Timeframe: Day 0 to Day 84

,
InterventionAUC0-∞ (hours x μg/ml) (Mean)
GS-CDA1 (Toxin A)MDX-1388 (Toxin B)
GS-CDA1/MDX-1388115197.198540.9
PlaceboNANA

Safety and Tolerability of Study Treatment by the Number of Adverse Events Reported

Safety and tolerability of a C. difficile toxin A human monoclonal antibody combined with a human monoclonal antibody to C. difficile toxin B in patients receiving standard of care treatment for C. difficile associated disease (CDAD) compared to those patients receiving standard of care and placebo reporting system organ class (SOC) MedDRA V.9.0 (NCT00350298)
Timeframe: Day 0 to Day 84

,
InterventionAdverse Events (Number)
Blood And Lymphatic System DisordersCardiac DisordersEar and LabyrinthEndocrine DisordersEye DisorderGastrointestinal DisordersGeneral DisordersHepatobiliary DisordersImmune DisordersInfections And InfestationsInjury, Poisoning And Procedural ComplicationsInvestigationsMetabolism And Nutrition DisordersMusculoskeletal And Connective Tissue DisordersNeoplasms Benign, Malignant And Unspecified (Incl Cysts And Polyps)Nervous System DisordersPsychiatric DisordersRenal And Urinary DisordersReproductive System And Breast DisordersRespiratory, Thoracic And Mediastinal DisordersSkin And Subcutaneous Tissue DisordersSurgical And Medical ProceduresVascular Disorders
GS-CDA1/MDX-1388301330731291116891855373611196362749
Placebo4120317395128108319301284617936916117319

Cure Rate at End of Therapy

Percentage of subjects with 3 or fewer unformed stools for 2 consecutive days and maintained through the end of therapy, and the subject no longer needed specific anti-Clostridium antibacterial treatment after completion of the course of study medication. (NCT00468728)
Timeframe: Study day 10 (+/- 2 days)

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Vancomycin86.7
PAR-101/OPT-8087.7

Global Cure

Achieving a cure response at end of treatment and not having a recurrence at any time up to the post-study visit. (NCT00468728)
Timeframe: End of Study

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Vancomycin63.3
PAR-101/OPT-8076.7

Recurrence

Percentage of subjects with the re-establishment of diarrhea to an extent(based on frequency of passed unformed stools) that was greater than that noted on the last day of study medication, and the demonstration of either toxin A or B or both of C. difficile, and retreatment with CDI anti-infective therapy was needed. (NCT00468728)
Timeframe: Study days 11-40

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Vancomycin27.0
PAR-101/OPT-8012.6

Cure Rate at End of Therapy

Percentage of participants with 3 or fewer unformed stools for 2 consecutive days and maintained through the end of therapy, and the subject no longer needed specific anti-Clostridium antibacterial treatment after completion of the course of study medication. (NCT00314951)
Timeframe: Study day 10 (+/- 2 days)

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Vancomycin85.7
Fidaxomicin88.2

Global Cure

Percentage of participants who were cured (3 or fewer unformed stools for 2 days through the end of therapy, and no C. difficile therapy after study drug completion) and didn't have recurrence (re-establishment of diarrhea that was greater than on the last day of study drug, positive C. difficile toxin and retreatment with C. difficile therapy) up to Day 40. (NCT00314951)
Timeframe: End of Study (Day 40)

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Vancomycin64.2
Fidaxomicin74.4

Recurrence

Percentage of participants with the re-establishment of diarrhea to an extent(based on frequency of passed unformed stools) that was greater than that noted on the last day of study medication, and the demonstration of either toxin A or B or both of C. difficile, and retreatment with CDI anti-infective therapy was needed. (NCT00314951)
Timeframe: Study days 11-40

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Vancomycin25.1
Fidaxomicin15.7

Hospital Length of Stay

Patients' length of stay post-procedure will be measured (NCT02255305)
Timeframe: 90 days

Interventiondays (Mean)
FMT Group (Intervention Arm)22
Antimicrobial Group (Control Arm)6.5

Mortality

Number of patients who died from any cause within 90 days of randomization (NCT02255305)
Timeframe: 90 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
FMT Group (Intervention Arm)0
Antimicrobial Group (Control Arm)0

Number of Patients With Clinical Resolution of Diarrhea

Number of patients with resolution of diarrhea and other abdominal symptoms or return to baseline symptoms that were present prior to C. difficile diagnosis (NCT02255305)
Timeframe: 90 days

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
FMT Group (Intervention Arm)1
Antimicrobial Group (Control Arm)0

Number of Patients With Hospital Readmission

Number of patients re-admitted to the hospital for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (NCT02255305)
Timeframe: 90 days

Interventionparticipants (Number)
FMT Group (Intervention Arm)1
Antimicrobial Group (Control Arm)1

Time to Clinical Resolution of Symptoms

Amount of time it takes for patient to have cessation of diarrhea and abdominal pain/gastrointestinal symptoms (or return to baseline) and normalization of white blood cell count, creatinine, and temperature. (NCT02255305)
Timeframe: 90 days

Interventiondays (Number)
FMT Group (Intervention Arm)44

Reviews

65 reviews available for metronidazole and Clostridioides difficile Infection

ArticleYear
Discovery and development of DNA polymerase IIIC inhibitors to treat Gram-positive infections.
    Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 2019, 08-01, Volume: 27, Issue:15

    Topics: Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; DNA Polymerase III; Drug Discovery; Humans; Microb

2019
Ridinilazole: a novel, narrow-spectrum antimicrobial agent targeting Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile.
    Letters in applied microbiology, 2022, Volume: 75, Issue:3

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Benzimidazoles; Clostridioides; Clostridioides diffici

2022
A narrative review of Clostridioides difficile infection in China.
    Anaerobe, 2022, Volume: 74

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; China; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infection

2022
Real-world comparison of fidaxomicin versus vancomycin or metronidazole in the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2022, Volume: 78, Issue:11

    Topics: Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridium Infections; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous; Fid

2022
Clostridioides difficile infection: are the three currently used antibiotic treatment options equal from pharmacological and microbiological points of view?
    International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2022, Volume: 124

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Fidaxomicin; Humans; Metron

2022
Management of Clostridioides difficile infection in adults and challenges in clinical practice: review and comparison of current IDSA/SHEA, ESCMID and ASID guidelines.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2022, 12-23, Volume: 78, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Fidaxomicin; Humans;

2022
Management of Clostridioides difficile infection in adults and challenges in clinical practice: review and comparison of current IDSA/SHEA, ESCMID and ASID guidelines.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2022, 12-23, Volume: 78, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Fidaxomicin; Humans;

2022
Management of Clostridioides difficile infection in adults and challenges in clinical practice: review and comparison of current IDSA/SHEA, ESCMID and ASID guidelines.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2022, 12-23, Volume: 78, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Fidaxomicin; Humans;

2022
Management of Clostridioides difficile infection in adults and challenges in clinical practice: review and comparison of current IDSA/SHEA, ESCMID and ASID guidelines.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2022, 12-23, Volume: 78, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Fidaxomicin; Humans;

2022
Optimal therapeutic recommendation for Clostridioides difficile infection in pediatric and adolescent populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    European journal of pediatrics, 2023, Volume: 182, Issue:6

    Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Humans;

2023
Fidaxomicin compared with vancomycin and metronidazole for the treatment of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection: A network meta-analysis.
    Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy, 2020, Volume: 26, Issue:1

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Fidaxomicin; Humans; Metron

2020
[Individualized treatment strategies for Clostridium difficile infections].
    Der Internist, 2017, Volume: 58, Issue:7

    Topics: Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Fecal Micr

2017
Therapy for Clostridium difficile infection - any news beyond Metronidazole and Vancomycin?
    Expert review of clinical pharmacology, 2017, Volume: 10, Issue:11

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Drug Design; Human

2017
A Systematic Literature Review of Economic Evaluations of Antibiotic Treatments for Clostridium difficile Infection.
    PharmacoEconomics, 2017, Volume: 35, Issue:11

    Topics: Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridium Infections; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Drug Costs; F

2017
New and emerging therapies in treatment of Clostridium difficile infection.
    European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology, 2018, Volume: 30, Issue:6

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cross Infection; Fecal Micr

2018
Liver abscess caused by Clostridium haemolyticum infection after transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report.
    Medicine, 2018, Volume: 97, Issue:19

    Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; Clostridium

2018
    Clinical medicine (London, England), 2018, Volume: 18, Issue:3

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Diarrhea; Enterocolitis, Ps

2018
Oral vancomycin versus metronidazole for the treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy, 2018, Volume: 24, Issue:11

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Human

2018
Variable spectrum of disease and risk factors of peripartum Clostridium difficile infection: report of 14 cases from French hospitals and literature review.
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2018, Volume: 37, Issue:12

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cesarean Section; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Enterocol

2018
Vancomycin Versus Metronidazole for Nonsevere
    The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 2019, Volume: 53, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cost-Benefit Analysi

2019
Clostridioides difficile Infection in Chronic Kidney Disease/End-Stage Renal Disease.
    Advances in chronic kidney disease, 2019, Volume: 26, Issue:1

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antimicrobial Stewardship; Broadly Neutralizing Antib

2019
Clostridium difficile Infection in Children.
    Advances in pediatrics, 2019, Volume: 66

    Topics: Age Factors; Anti-Infective Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium I

2019
Diagnosis and management of Clostridium difficile infection.
    Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 2013, Volume: 11, Issue:10

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Aminoglycosides; Anti-Infective Agents; Biological Therapy; Clostridioides dif

2013
Treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review.
    Infection, 2014, Volume: 42, Issue:1

    Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Biological Therapy; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Diarrhe

2014
[Clostridium difficile infection: epidemiology, disease burden and therapy].
    Orvosi hetilap, 2013, Jul-28, Volume: 154, Issue:30

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cost

2013
Clostridium difficile infection in the elderly.
    Clinics in geriatric medicine, 2014, Volume: 30, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cross Infection; Diar

2014
[Clostridium difficile infecion--diagnostics, prevention and treatment].
    Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego, 2014, Volume: 36, Issue:214

    Topics: Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Diarrhea;

2014
Challenges and opportunities in the management of Clostridium difficile infection.
    Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology, 2014, Volume: 8, Issue:8

    Topics: Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Fidaxomici

2014
Clinical efficacy of fidaxomicin compared with vancomycin and metronidazole in Clostridium difficile infections: a meta-analysis and indirect treatment comparison.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2014, Volume: 69, Issue:11

    Topics: Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Clostridioides difficil

2014
Treatment of Clostridium difficile infections.
    Infectious disease clinics of North America, 2015, Volume: 29, Issue:1

    Topics: Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Drug Admin

2015
Luminal Toxin-Binding Agents for Clostridium difficile Infection.
    Journal of pharmacy practice, 2016, Volume: 29, Issue:4

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clostridium Infections; Humans; Metronidazole; Toxi

2016
Current advances related to Clostridium difficile infection.
    The Indian journal of medical research, 2015, Volume: 141, Issue:2

    Topics: Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Humans; Immunity

2015
Clostridium difficile Diarrhea in the Elderly: Current Issues and Management Options.
    Drugs & aging, 2015, Volume: 32, Issue:8

    Topics: Aged; Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Diar

2015
Clostridium difficile infection in patients with liver disease: a review.
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2015, Volume: 34, Issue:12

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Diagnostic Tests, Routine;

2015
Sarcina ventriculi : Review of the Literature.
    Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine, 2016, Volume: 140, Issue:12

    Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridium Infections; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Therapy, Combination; E

2016
Clostridium difficile infection.
    Clinical medicine (London, England), 2008, Volume: 8, Issue:5

    Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Humans; Metronidazole; Risk

2008
Clostridium difficile: controversies and approaches to management.
    Current opinion in infectious diseases, 2009, Volume: 22, Issue:6

    Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Toxins; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Humans; I

2009
Clostridium perfringens septicaemia with massive intravascular haemolysis: a case report and review of the literature.
    The Netherlands journal of medicine, 2010, Volume: 68, Issue:9

    Topics: Aged; Amoxicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cholangitis; Clostridium Infections; Clostridium perfringe

2010
Best strategies in recurrent or persistent Clostridium difficile infection.
    Surgical infections, 2011, Volume: 12, Issue:3

    Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cross Infection; Humans; Me

2011
Recurrent refractory Clostridium difficile colitis treated successfully with rifaximin and tigecycline: a case report and review of the literature.
    Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases, 2012, Volume: 44, Issue:3

    Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Colitis; Drug Therapy

2012
Clostridium difficile infection: clinical spectrum and approach to management.
    Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology, 2011, Volume: 30, Issue:6

    Topics: Aminoglycosides; Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Dietary Su

2011
Comparative effectiveness of Clostridium difficile treatments: a systematic review.
    Annals of internal medicine, 2011, Dec-20, Volume: 155, Issue:12

    Topics: Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Comparativ

2011
Clostridium difficile infection in older adults: a review and update on its management.
    The American journal of geriatric pharmacotherapy, 2012, Volume: 10, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clost

2012
Treatment failure and recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection following treatment with vancomycin or metronidazole: a systematic review of the evidence.
    International journal of antimicrobial agents, 2012, Volume: 40, Issue:1

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Asia; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Europe; Humans; Metro

2012
Current state of Clostridium difficile treatment options.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2012, Volume: 55 Suppl 2

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacitracin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium I

2012
Clostridium difficile infection: new insights into management.
    Mayo Clinic proceedings, 2012, Volume: 87, Issue:11

    Topics: Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridium Infections; Diarrhea; Hum

2012
Fatal hemorrhagic pneumonia caused by infection due to Kytococcus sedentarius--a pathogen or passenger?
    Annals of hematology, 2004, Volume: 83, Issue:7

    Topics: Actinomycetales; Actinomycetales Infections; Acyclovir; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protoco

2004
Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in adults.
    CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 2004, Jul-06, Volume: 171, Issue:1

    Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Canada; Carrier State; Clostridioides difficile;

2004
Alternative treatments for Clostridium difficile disease: what really works?
    Journal of medical microbiology, 2005, Volume: 54, Issue:Pt 2

    Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Carrier State; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Colitis; Com

2005
Clinical inquiries. What are effective therapies for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea?
    The Journal of family practice, 2005, Volume: 54, Issue:2

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Diar

2005
Clinical manifestations, treatment and control of infections caused by Clostridium difficile.
    Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2005, Volume: 11 Suppl 4

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cross Infection; Diarrhea;

2005
Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: resurgence with a vengeance.
    Reviews in gastroenterological disorders, 2006,Spring, Volume: 6, Issue:2

    Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Diarrhea; Disease Outbreaks

2006
Antimicrobial therapy of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.
    The Medical clinics of North America, 2006, Volume: 90, Issue:6

    Topics: Aged; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Clostridioides difficile; Clostri

2006
Clostridium difficile-associated disease: changing epidemiology and implications for management.
    Drugs, 2007, Volume: 67, Issue:4

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Humans; Metronidazole; Risk

2007
Diagnosis of colitis: making the initial diagnosis.
    Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 2007, Volume: 5, Issue:3

    Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Biopsy, Needle; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Early Diagno

2007
Outcome of metronidazole therapy for Clostridium difficile disease and correlation with a scoring system.
    The Journal of infection, 2007, Volume: 55, Issue:6

    Topics: Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Diarrhea; Humans; Leukocytosis; Metronidazole; Ret

2007
Current and future treatment modalities for Clostridium difficile-associated disease.
    American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 2008, Apr-15, Volume: 65, Issue:8

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Vaccines; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cross I

2008
[Pancreatitis associated with metronidazole].
    Gastroenterologia y hepatologia, 2008, Volume: 31, Issue:4

    Topics: Abdominal Injuries; Acute Disease; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cervical Vertebrae; Clostridium Inf

2008
[Use of metronidazole and its analogs in obstetrical and gynecological practice].
    Akusherstvo i ginekologiia, 1983, Issue:3

    Topics: Bacteroides fragilis; Bacteroides Infections; Biological Availability; Clostridium Infections; Femal

1983
Antibiotic-associated colitis.
    Disease-a-month : DM, 1984, Volume: 30, Issue:15

    Topics: Ampicillin; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cholestyramine Resin; Clindamycin; Clostridium; Clostrid

1984
Pseudomembranous colitis.
    Schweizerische Rundschau fur Medizin Praxis = Revue suisse de medecine Praxis, 1982, Jan-19, Volume: 71, Issue:3

    Topics: Anion Exchange Resins; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clindamycin; Clostridium Infections; Cytotoxins; Enter

1982
Pseudomembranous colitis: pathogenesis and therapy.
    The Medical clinics of North America, 1982, Volume: 66, Issue:3

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Atropine; Bacitracin; Botulinum Toxins; Cholestyramine Resin; Clostridium; Cl

1982
Clostridium difficile infection.
    Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences, 1996, Volume: 33, Issue:3

    Topics: Antitrichomonal Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Cells, Cultured; Clostridioides diffic

1996
Treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and colitis.
    Current topics in microbiology and immunology, 2000, Volume: 250

    Topics: Abdomen, Acute; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antidiarrheals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clostridioides diff

2000
Clostridial enterocolitis.
    The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice, 2000, Volume: 16, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Bacitracin; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Clostridium perfringens; Dise

2000
Clostridium difficile.
    Gastroenterology clinics of North America, 2001, Volume: 30, Issue:3

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cross Infection; Diarrhea;

2001
Clostridium difficile settles in a nursing home.
    Hospital practice (Office ed.), 1989, Feb-15, Volume: 24, Issue:2

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridium Infections; Diarrhea; Humans; Male; Metr

1989
Clostridial endocarditis. Report of a case caused by Clostridium bifermentans and review of the literature.
    Archives of internal medicine, 1989, Volume: 149, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Clostridium Infections; Cocaine; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Humans; Male; Metronidazole; Substa

1989

Trials

23 trials available for metronidazole and Clostridioides difficile Infection

ArticleYear
Clinical outcomes, safety, and pharmacokinetics of OPT-80 in a phase 2 trial with patients with Clostridium difficile infection.
    Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2009, Volume: 53, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Dose-Response

2009
Clinical outcomes, safety, and pharmacokinetics of OPT-80 in a phase 2 trial with patients with Clostridium difficile infection.
    Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2009, Volume: 53, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Dose-Response

2009
Clinical outcomes, safety, and pharmacokinetics of OPT-80 in a phase 2 trial with patients with Clostridium difficile infection.
    Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2009, Volume: 53, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Dose-Response

2009
Clinical outcomes, safety, and pharmacokinetics of OPT-80 in a phase 2 trial with patients with Clostridium difficile infection.
    Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2009, Volume: 53, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Dose-Response

2009
Clostridioides difficile Near-Patient Testing Versus Centralized Testing: A Pragmatic Cluster Randomized Crossover Trial.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2023, 06-08, Volume: 76, Issue:11

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cross-Over

2023
Impact of Oral Metronidazole, Vancomycin, and Fidaxomicin on Host Shedding and Environmental Contamination With Clostridioides difficile.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2022, 03-01, Volume: 74, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium

2022
Metronidazole or Rifaximin for Treatment of Clostridium difficile in Pediatric Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
    Inflammatory bowel diseases, 2017, Volume: 23, Issue:12

    Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Feces; Female;

2017
The effect of bezlotoxumab for prevention of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in Japanese patients.
    Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy, 2018, Volume: 24, Issue:2

    Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Neutralizing

2018
Bezlotoxumab for Prevention of Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection in Patients at Increased Risk for Recurrence.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2018, 08-16, Volume: 67, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Monoclon

2018
Bezlotoxumab for Prevention of Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection in Patients at Increased Risk for Recurrence.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2018, 08-16, Volume: 67, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Monoclon

2018
Bezlotoxumab for Prevention of Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection in Patients at Increased Risk for Recurrence.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2018, 08-16, Volume: 67, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Monoclon

2018
Bezlotoxumab for Prevention of Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection in Patients at Increased Risk for Recurrence.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2018, 08-16, Volume: 67, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Monoclon

2018
Bezlotoxumab for Prevention of Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection in Patients at Increased Risk for Recurrence.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2018, 08-16, Volume: 67, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Monoclon

2018
Bezlotoxumab for Prevention of Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection in Patients at Increased Risk for Recurrence.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2018, 08-16, Volume: 67, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Monoclon

2018
Bezlotoxumab for Prevention of Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection in Patients at Increased Risk for Recurrence.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2018, 08-16, Volume: 67, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Monoclon

2018
Bezlotoxumab for Prevention of Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection in Patients at Increased Risk for Recurrence.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2018, 08-16, Volume: 67, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Monoclon

2018
Bezlotoxumab for Prevention of Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection in Patients at Increased Risk for Recurrence.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2018, 08-16, Volume: 67, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Monoclon

2018
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Primary Clostridium difficile Infection.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2018, 06-28, Volume: 378, Issue:26

    Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Fecal Microbiota Transplant

2018
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Primary Clostridium difficile Infection.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2018, 06-28, Volume: 378, Issue:26

    Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Fecal Microbiota Transplant

2018
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Primary Clostridium difficile Infection.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2018, 06-28, Volume: 378, Issue:26

    Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Fecal Microbiota Transplant

2018
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Primary Clostridium difficile Infection.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2018, 06-28, Volume: 378, Issue:26

    Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Fecal Microbiota Transplant

2018
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Primary Clostridium difficile Infection.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2018, 06-28, Volume: 378, Issue:26

    Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Fecal Microbiota Transplant

2018
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Primary Clostridium difficile Infection.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2018, 06-28, Volume: 378, Issue:26

    Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Fecal Microbiota Transplant

2018
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Primary Clostridium difficile Infection.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2018, 06-28, Volume: 378, Issue:26

    Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Fecal Microbiota Transplant

2018
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Primary Clostridium difficile Infection.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2018, 06-28, Volume: 378, Issue:26

    Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Fecal Microbiota Transplant

2018
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Primary Clostridium difficile Infection.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2018, 06-28, Volume: 378, Issue:26

    Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Fecal Microbiota Transplant

2018
Follow-on RifAximin for the Prevention of recurrence following standard treatment of Infection with
    Gut, 2019, Volume: 68, Issue:7

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Dr

2019
Vancomycin, metronidazole, or tolevamer for Clostridium difficile infection: results from two multinational, randomized, controlled trials.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2014, Aug-01, Volume: 59, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infecti

2014
Vancomycin, metronidazole, or tolevamer for Clostridium difficile infection: results from two multinational, randomized, controlled trials.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2014, Aug-01, Volume: 59, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infecti

2014
Vancomycin, metronidazole, or tolevamer for Clostridium difficile infection: results from two multinational, randomized, controlled trials.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2014, Aug-01, Volume: 59, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infecti

2014
Vancomycin, metronidazole, or tolevamer for Clostridium difficile infection: results from two multinational, randomized, controlled trials.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2014, Aug-01, Volume: 59, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infecti

2014
Vancomycin, metronidazole, or tolevamer for Clostridium difficile infection: results from two multinational, randomized, controlled trials.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2014, Aug-01, Volume: 59, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infecti

2014
Vancomycin, metronidazole, or tolevamer for Clostridium difficile infection: results from two multinational, randomized, controlled trials.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2014, Aug-01, Volume: 59, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infecti

2014
Vancomycin, metronidazole, or tolevamer for Clostridium difficile infection: results from two multinational, randomized, controlled trials.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2014, Aug-01, Volume: 59, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infecti

2014
Vancomycin, metronidazole, or tolevamer for Clostridium difficile infection: results from two multinational, randomized, controlled trials.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2014, Aug-01, Volume: 59, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infecti

2014
Vancomycin, metronidazole, or tolevamer for Clostridium difficile infection: results from two multinational, randomized, controlled trials.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2014, Aug-01, Volume: 59, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infecti

2014
Reduction in Clostridium difficile environmental contamination by hospitalized patients treated with fidaxomicin.
    The Journal of hospital infection, 2015, Volume: 90, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cro

2015
Differences of the Fecal Microflora With Clostridium difficile Therapies.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2015, May-15, Volume: 60 Suppl 2

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Load; Bacteroidetes; Clostridioides difficile; Clostri

2015
[Recurrences in Clostridium difficile infections in cancer patients].
    Medicina clinica, 2016, Nov-04, Volume: 147, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infecti

2016
A randomized, double-blind study comparing Clostridium difficile immune whey and metronidazole for recurrent Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea: efficacy and safety data of a prematurely interrupted trial.
    Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases, 2008, Volume: 40, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Clostridioides difficile; Cl

2008
Persistence of skin contamination and environmental shedding of Clostridium difficile during and after treatment of C. difficile infection.
    Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 2010, Volume: 31, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infectio

2010
Persistence of skin contamination and environmental shedding of Clostridium difficile during and after treatment of C. difficile infection.
    Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 2010, Volume: 31, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infectio

2010
Persistence of skin contamination and environmental shedding of Clostridium difficile during and after treatment of C. difficile infection.
    Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 2010, Volume: 31, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infectio

2010
Persistence of skin contamination and environmental shedding of Clostridium difficile during and after treatment of C. difficile infection.
    Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 2010, Volume: 31, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infectio

2010
Treatment with monoclonal antibodies against Clostridium difficile toxins.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, Jan-21, Volume: 362, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibodies; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antitoxins; Bacterial Proteins;

2010
Treatment with monoclonal antibodies against Clostridium difficile toxins.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, Jan-21, Volume: 362, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibodies; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antitoxins; Bacterial Proteins;

2010
Treatment with monoclonal antibodies against Clostridium difficile toxins.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, Jan-21, Volume: 362, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibodies; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antitoxins; Bacterial Proteins;

2010
Treatment with monoclonal antibodies against Clostridium difficile toxins.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2010, Jan-21, Volume: 362, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibodies; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antitoxins; Bacterial Proteins;

2010
Treatment of first recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection: fidaxomicin versus vancomycin.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2012, Volume: 55 Suppl 2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Canada; Clostrid

2012
Treatment of first recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection: fidaxomicin versus vancomycin.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2012, Volume: 55 Suppl 2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Canada; Clostrid

2012
Treatment of first recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection: fidaxomicin versus vancomycin.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2012, Volume: 55 Suppl 2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Canada; Clostrid

2012
Treatment of first recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection: fidaxomicin versus vancomycin.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2012, Volume: 55 Suppl 2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Canada; Clostrid

2012
Eradication of pathogenic bacteria and restoration of normal pouch flora: comparison of metronidazole and ciprofloxacin in the treatment of pouchitis.
    Diseases of the colon and rectum, 2004, Volume: 47, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Clostridium Infections; Clostridium perfringens; Coliti

2004
Eradication of pathogenic bacteria and restoration of normal pouch flora: comparison of metronidazole and ciprofloxacin in the treatment of pouchitis.
    Diseases of the colon and rectum, 2004, Volume: 47, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Clostridium Infections; Clostridium perfringens; Coliti

2004
Eradication of pathogenic bacteria and restoration of normal pouch flora: comparison of metronidazole and ciprofloxacin in the treatment of pouchitis.
    Diseases of the colon and rectum, 2004, Volume: 47, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Clostridium Infections; Clostridium perfringens; Coliti

2004
Eradication of pathogenic bacteria and restoration of normal pouch flora: comparison of metronidazole and ciprofloxacin in the treatment of pouchitis.
    Diseases of the colon and rectum, 2004, Volume: 47, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Clostridium Infections; Clostridium perfringens; Coliti

2004
Prospective randomised trial of metronidazole versus vancomycin for Clostridium-difficile-associated diarrhoea and colitis.
    Lancet (London, England), 1983, Nov-05, Volume: 2, Issue:8358

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clostridium Infections; Colitis; Costs and Cost Analysis; Dia

1983
Recurrent Clostridium difficile diarrhea: characteristics of and risk factors for patients enrolled in a prospective, randomized, double-blinded trial.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 1997, Volume: 24, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Diarrhea; Doub

1997
Behaviour of Saccharomyces boulardii in recurrent Clostridium difficile disease patients.
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 1999, Volume: 13, Issue:12

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Cells, Cultured; Clostridium Infections; Feces; Humans

1999
Treatment of asymptomatic Clostridium difficile carriers (fecal excretors) with vancomycin or metronidazole. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
    Annals of internal medicine, 1992, Aug-15, Volume: 117, Issue:4

    Topics: Aged; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Carrier State; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections;

1992
Clostridium difficile diarrhea and colonization after treatment with abdominal infection regimens containing clindamycin or metronidazole.
    American journal of surgery, 1990, Volume: 159, Issue:2

    Topics: Abdomen; Amikacin; Ampicillin; Bacterial Infections; Clindamycin; Clostridium; Clostridium Infection

1990
Treatment of Clostridium difficile colitis.
    Gastroenterology, 1985, Volume: 89, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Bacitracin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clostridium; Clostridium Infections; Enterocolitis, P

1985

Other Studies

270 other studies available for metronidazole and Clostridioides difficile Infection

ArticleYear
Clostridium difficile infections in a Canadian tertiary care hospital before and during a regional epidemic associated with the BI/NAP1/027 strain.
    Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2008, Volume: 52, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Community-Acqu

2008
Outcomes of clinical decision support for outpatient management of
    Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 2022, Volume: 43, Issue:10

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Decision Support Systems, C

2022
Clinical Significance of Toxigenic Clostridioides difficile Growth in Stool Cultures during the Era of Nonculture Methods for the Diagnosis of C. difficile Infection.
    Microbiology spectrum, 2021, 10-31, Volume: 9, Issue:2

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacteriological Techniques; Clostridioides; Clostridioides difficile; Clost

2021
Management and characteristics of patients suffering from
    The European journal of general practice, 2021, Volume: 27, Issue:1

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Humans; Metronidazole; Prim

2021
A case of vasculitis triggered by infective endocarditis in a patient undergoing maintenance hemodialysis: a case report.
    BMC nephrology, 2022, 01-03, Volume: 23, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridium Infections; Echocardiography, Transesophageal; Endocarditis

2022
Non-inferiority of metronidazole to vancomycin in the treatment of first episode non-severe Clostridioides difficile infection: a single center retrospective cohort study.
    Infection, 2022, Volume: 50, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Aftercare; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Hospital

2022
Metronidazole-resistant Clostridioides difficile: genomic and transcriptomic traits acquired under in-vitro metronidazole induction.
    International journal of antimicrobial agents, 2022, Volume: 59, Issue:5

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Genomics; H

2022
Therapeutic Effects of Bifidobacterium breve YH68 in Combination with Vancomycin and Metronidazole in a Primary Clostridioides difficile-Infected Mouse Model.
    Microbiology spectrum, 2022, 04-27, Volume: 10, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bifidobacterium breve; Clostridioides; Clostridioides difficile; Clo

2022
Dogs as carriers of virulent and resistant genotypes of Clostridioides difficile.
    Zoonoses and public health, 2022, Volume: 69, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Clindamycin; Clostridioides; Clostridioides d

2022
Clostridioides difficile infection in paediatric patients with cancer and haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.
    European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990), 2022, Volume: 171

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Hematopoietic Stem C

2022
Reappraisal of the clinical role of metronidazole therapy for Clostridioides difficile infection in Taiwan: A multicenter prospective study.
    Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi, 2022, Volume: 121, Issue:12

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Heart Failure; Human

2022
Clostridioides difficile Infection in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients: Comparisons of Epidemiology, Testing, and Treatment from 2013 to 2019.
    The Journal of pediatrics, 2023, Volume: 252

    Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium In

2023
Epidemiology, aetiology and clinical characteristics of clostridial bacteraemia: a 6-year population-based observational study of 386 patients.
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2022, Volume: 41, Issue:11

    Topics: Aged; Bacteremia; C-Reactive Protein; Carbapenems; Clostridium; Clostridium Infections; Female; Huma

2022
Reference Susceptibility Testing and Genomic Surveillance of Clostridioides difficile, United States, 2012-17.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2023, 03-04, Volume: 76, Issue:5

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clindamycin; Clostridioides; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections

2023
[Clostridioides difficile infection: various therapeutic approaches].
    Revue medicale suisse, 2022, Oct-12, Volume: 18, Issue:799

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Fidaxomicin; Humans; Metron

2022
Sequence-Based Identification of Metronidazole-Resistant Clostridioides difficile Isolates.
    Emerging infectious diseases, 2022, Volume: 28, Issue:11

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Drug Resist

2022
Intravenous metronidazole for fulminant Clostridioides difficile infection.
    Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2023, Volume: 29, Issue:5

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridium Infections; Humans; Metronidazole; Vancomycin

2023
Clostridium paraputrificum bacteremia in a 64-year-old woman with colon carcinoma.
    Anaerobe, 2023, Volume: 81

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Carcinoma; Clostridium; Clostridium Infections; Colon; Female; Hu

2023
[A case of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection with type 2 diabetes mellitus indicating the usefulness of metformin hydrochloride].
    Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai zasshi = The Japanese journal of gastro-enterology, 2023, Volume: 120, Issue:2

    Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty

2023
Case of Pseudomembranous Colitis Caused by a
    The Korean journal of gastroenterology = Taehan Sohwagi Hakhoe chi, 2023, 03-25, Volume: 81, Issue:3

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridium Infections; Colitis, Ischemic; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Diarrh

2023
Risk factors for recurrent healthcare-facility associated Clostridioides difficile infection in a Swedish setting.
    Anaerobe, 2023, Volume: 81

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Case-Control Studies; Cefotaxime; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infec

2023
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of Clostridioides difficile infection in the intensive care unit: a KASID multi-centre study.
    The Journal of hospital infection, 2023, Volume: 139

    Topics: Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Metronidazole; Retro

2023
Clostridioides difficile infection in thoroughbred horses in Japan from 2010 to 2021.
    Scientific reports, 2023, 08-11, Volume: 13, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Horses; Japan; Metronidazole; Ribotyping

2023
Prevalence of Clostridioides difficile in dogs (Canis familiaris) with gastrointestinal disorders in Rio de Janeiro.
    Anaerobe, 2023, Volume: 83

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Toxins; Brazil; Clostridioides; Clostridioides difficile;

2023
Risk factors for Recurrent Clostridioides Difficile Infection in Children.
    Hospital pediatrics, 2023, 11-01, Volume: 13, Issue:11

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Chronic Disease; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Fem

2023
In vitro activity of fidaxomicin and combinations of fidaxomicin with other antibiotics against Clostridium perfringens strains isolated from dogs and cats.
    BMC veterinary research, 2023, Nov-16, Volume: 19, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cat Diseases; Cats; Clindamycin; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridi

2023
Use of Oral Vancomycin for Clostridioides difficile Infection and the Risk of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2020, 07-27, Volume: 71, Issue:3

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Humans; Met

2020
Risk factors and treatment outcomes of severe Clostridioides difficile infection in Singapore.
    Scientific reports, 2019, 09-17, Volume: 9, Issue:1

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridium Infections; Diarrh

2019
Metronidazole therapy as initial treatment of
    Epidemiology and infection, 2019, 10-14, Volume: 147

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridium Infections; Female; Humans; Incidence; K

2019
Risk Factors for Recurrent Community-associated Clostridiodes Difficile Infection in Children.
    The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2019, Volume: 38, Issue:11

    Topics: Adolescent; California; Child; Child, Preschool; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; C

2019
Risk factors for Clostridioides difficile infection and colonization among patients admitted to an intensive care unit in Shanghai, China.
    BMC infectious diseases, 2019, Nov-11, Volume: 19, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; China;

2019
Does Addition of Intravenous Metronidazole to Oral Vancomycin Improve Outcomes in Clostridioides difficile Infection?
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2020, 12-03, Volume: 71, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Huma

2020
Initial therapy affects duration of diarrhoea in critically ill patients with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI).
    Critical care (London, England), 2019, 12-09, Volume: 23, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cohort Studies; Criti

2019
Potential impact of removing metronidazole from treatment armamentarium of mild acute
    Future microbiology, 2019, Volume: 14

    Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clos

2019
Outcome of Clostridioides difficile infections treated in a Swiss tertiary care hospital: an observational study.
    Swiss medical weekly, 2020, Jan-15, Volume: 150

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Fe

2020
Plasmid-mediated metronidazole resistance in Clostridioides difficile.
    Nature communications, 2020, 01-30, Volume: 11, Issue:1

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; DNA, Bacterial; Drug Resist

2020
Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection in Japanese hospitals 2008-2017: A real-world nationwide analysis of treatment pattern, incidence and testing density.
    Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy, 2020, Volume: 26, Issue:5

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cr

2020
Cost-effectiveness analysis of fidaxomicin for the treatment of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection in Japan.
    Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy, 2020, Volume: 26, Issue:6

    Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Clostridioides difficile; Clostrid

2020
Management of difficult-to-treat
    BMJ case reports, 2020, Mar-29, Volume: 13, Issue:3

    Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridium Infections; Colitis; Combined Modali

2020
The Trend for Antibiotic Use for Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile Infection in Japan.
    Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin, 2020, Volume: 43, Issue:4

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridium Infections; Drug Costs; Drug Utilization; Humans; Japan; Metronid

2020
Evaluation of Addition of Intravenous Metronidazole to Oral Vancomycin Therapy in Critically Ill Patients with Non-Fulminant Severe Clostridioides difficile Infection.
    Pharmacotherapy, 2020, Volume: 40, Issue:5

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; APACHE; Clostridium Infections; Cohort Studies; C

2020
Characteristics of Clostridium difficile isolates and the burden of hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection in a tertiary teaching hospital in Chongqing, Southwest China.
    BMC infectious diseases, 2020, Apr-15, Volume: 20, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Case-Control Studies; China; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridi

2020
Repurposing a platelet aggregation inhibitor ticagrelor as an antimicrobial against Clostridioides difficile.
    Scientific reports, 2020, 04-16, Volume: 10, Issue:1

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Cell Membrane; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cr

2020
The tcdA-negative and tcdB-positive Clostridium difficile ST81 clone exhibits a high level of resistance to fluoroquinolones: a multi-centre study in Beijing, China.
    International journal of antimicrobial agents, 2020, Volume: 56, Issue:1

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; China; Ciprofloxacin; Clostridioides di

2020
In Vitro Investigation of Auranofin as a Treatment for Clostridium difficile Infection.
    Drugs in R&D, 2020, Volume: 20, Issue:3

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Auranofin; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Drug Repositioni

2020
Clostridium difficile infection after antibiotic use.
    JAAPA : official journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants, 2020, Volume: 33, Issue:7

    Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antimicrobial Stewardship; Cefpodoxime; Ceftizoxime; Clos

2020
Incidence and Risk Factors of Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection in Patients With Cirrhosis.
    Clinical and translational gastroenterology, 2020, Volume: 11, Issue:7

    Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides; Clostridium Infections; Comorbidity; Diagnostic Errors;

2020
Critique of "Evaluation of Addition of Intravenous Metronidazole to Oral Vancomycin Therapy in Critically Ill Patients with Non-Fulminant Severe Clostridioides difficile Infection".
    Pharmacotherapy, 2020, Volume: 40, Issue:9

    Topics: Clostridioides; Clostridium Infections; Critical Illness; Humans; Metronidazole; Vancomycin

2020
Reply to Letters to the Editor.
    Pharmacotherapy, 2020, Volume: 40, Issue:9

    Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides; Clostridium Infections; Critical Illness; Humans; Metronidazo

2020
Fidaxomicin versus metronidazole, vancomycin and their combination for initial episode, first recurrence and severe Clostridioides difficile infection - An observational cohort study.
    International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2021, Volume: 103

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections;

2021
A preliminary study of bowel rest strategy in the management of Clostridioides difficile infection.
    Scientific reports, 2020, 12-16, Volume: 10, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cross Infection; Diarrhea

2020
Outcomes associated with recent guideline recommendations removing metronidazole for treatment of non-severe Clostridioides difficile infection: a retrospective, observational, nationwide cohort study.
    International journal of antimicrobial agents, 2021, Volume: 57, Issue:3

    Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Drug Utilization; Fem

2021
Clostridioides difficile from intracardiac vegetation.
    Anaerobe, 2021, Volume: 69

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Endocarditis; Female

2021
Comparative Effectiveness and Harms of Antibiotics for Outpatient Diverticulitis : Two Nationwide Cohort Studies.
    Annals of internal medicine, 2021, Volume: 174, Issue:6

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ambulatory Care; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Anti-Bacterial Ag

2021
Changes in Metronidazole and Vancomycin Utilization for Nonsevere Clostridioides difficile Infection Among Institutions Caring for Children.
    The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2021, 07-01, Volume: 40, Issue:7

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Clostridioides dif

2021
Sequencing of Clostridium perfringens toxin genes (cpa, etx, iap) from Iraqi hospitals and detection by PCR of the genes encoding resistance to metronidazole, tetracycline, and clindamycin.
    Indian journal of medical microbiology, 2021, Volume: 39, Issue:3

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clindamycin; Clostridium Infections; Clostridium perfringens; Cross-Sectional

2021
Changes in treatment of community-onset Clostridioides difficile infection after release of updated guidelines, Atlanta, Georgia, 2018.
    Anaerobe, 2021, Volume: 70

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cohort Studies

2021
Haem is crucial for medium-dependent metronidazole resistance in clinical isolates of Clostridioides difficile.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2021, 06-18, Volume: 76, Issue:7

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Heme; Human

2021
Retrospective study of the efficacy and safety of metronidazole and vancomycin for Clostridioides difficile infection.
    Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy, 2021, Volume: 27, Issue:10

    Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Femal

2021
Antimicrobial resistance progression in the United Kingdom: A temporal comparison of Clostridioides difficile antimicrobial susceptibilities.
    Anaerobe, 2021, Volume: 70

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clindamycin; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Drug Resistanc

2021
The Integrity of Heme Is Essential for Reproducible Detection of Metronidazole-Resistant Clostridioides difficile by Agar Dilution Susceptibility Tests.
    Journal of clinical microbiology, 2021, 08-18, Volume: 59, Issue:9

    Topics: Agar; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Heme;

2021
Toxigenic
    Epidemiology and infection, 2021, 08-10, Volume: 149

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Diarrhe

2021
Clostridium perfringens Type A Isolates of Animal Origin with Decreased Susceptibility to Metronidazole Show Extensive Genetic Diversity.
    Microbial drug resistance (Larchmont, N.Y.), 2017, Volume: 23, Issue:8

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Toxins; Clostridium Infections; Clostridium perfringens; D

2017
Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium difficile isolates from two Korean hospitals.
    PloS one, 2017, Volume: 12, Issue:3

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Asian People; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cross Infecti

2017
An outbreak of Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027 in Spain: risk factors for recurrence and a novel treatment strategy.
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2017, Volume: 36, Issue:10

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clos

2017
Clinical, immunological and microbiological predictors of poor outcome in Clostridium difficile infection.
    Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease, 2017, Volume: 88, Issue:4

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antitoxins; Bacterial Proteins; Clostridioides diffi

2017
Vancomycin vs Metronidazole for Clostridium difficile infection: focus on recurrence and mortality.
    Internal and emergency medicine, 2017, Volume: 12, Issue:6

    Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Feces; Female; Humans

2017
High in vitro activity of fidaxomicin against Clostridium difficile isolates from a university teaching hospital in China.
    Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi, 2018, Volume: 51, Issue:3

    Topics: Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Toxins; China; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridi

2018
Antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium difficile isolates in Israel.
    Journal of global antimicrobial resistance, 2017, Volume: 10

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Drug

2017
Post-hospitalization Treatment Regimen and Readmission for C. difficile Colitis in Medicare Beneficiaries.
    World journal of surgery, 2018, Volume: 42, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Co

2018
Treating Clostridium difficile infection in patients presenting with hematological malignancies: Are current guidelines applicable?
    Medecine et maladies infectieuses, 2017, Volume: 47, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cross Infection; Disease Management; Female

2017
Recurrent bacteremia and liver abscess caused by Clostridium difficile: A case report.
    Medicine, 2017, Volume: 96, Issue:35

    Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Bacterial Translocation; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Chemoem

2017
Clostridium difficile treatment in neutropenic patients: Clinical outcomes of metronidazole, vancomycin, combinations, and switch therapy.
    Journal of oncology pharmacy practice : official publication of the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners, 2019, Volume: 25, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cohort Studies

2019
Successful treatment by fecal microbiota transplantation for Japanese patients with refractory Clostridium difficile infection: A prospective case series.
    Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi, 2019, Volume: 52, Issue:4

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Colonoscopy; Fecal Microb

2019
Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium difficile isolated from hospitals during a 4-year period in China.
    Journal of medical microbiology, 2018, Volume: 67, Issue:1

    Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Proteins; China; Clindamycin; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium

2018
Case Report of Metronidazole-Induced Encephalopathy.
    WMJ : official publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin, 2017, Volume: 116, Issue:5

    Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Infective Agents; Brain Diseases; Clostridium Infections; Colitis; Female; H

2017
The outcome of patients with severe and severe-complicated Clostridium difficile infection treated with tigecycline combination therapy: a retrospective observational study.
    Internal medicine journal, 2018, Volume: 48, Issue:6

    Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Australia; Clostridioid

2018
The Rise and Fall of Metronidazole for Clostridium difficile Infection.
    The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 2018, Volume: 52, Issue:6

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridium Infections; Humans; Metronidazole; Vancomycin

2018
Molecular characterization, toxin detection and resistance testing of human clinical Clostridium difficile isolates from Lebanon.
    International journal of medical microbiology : IJMM, 2018, Volume: 308, Issue:3

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Toxins; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Drug Resi

2018
The effect of concomitant use of systemic antibiotics in patients with Clostridium difficile infection receiving metronidazole therapy.
    Epidemiology and infection, 2018, Volume: 146, Issue:5

    Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cohort Studies; Femal

2018
Comparison of outcomes with vancomycin or metronidazole for mild-to-moderate Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea among solid organ transplant recipients: A retrospective cohort study.
    Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society, 2018, Volume: 20, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cohort Studies; Diar

2018
Clostridioides difficile infection in dogs with chronic-recurring diarrhea responsive to dietary changes.
    Anaerobe, 2018, Volume: 51

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Chronic Disease; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; C

2018
Risk factors for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection in a tertiary hospital in Israel.
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2018, Volume: 37, Issue:7

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Case-Control Studies; Cephalosporins; Clindam

2018
Molecular epidemiologic study of Clostridium difficile infections in university hospitals: Results of a nationwide study in Japan.
    Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy, 2018, Volume: 24, Issue:8

    Topics: Adolescent; ADP Ribose Transferases; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria

2018
The 'ins and outs' of faecal microbiota transplant for recurrent Clostridium difficile diarrhoea at Wits Donald Gordon Medical Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa.
    South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde, 2018, Apr-25, Volume: 108, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cross Infectio

2018
The emergence of Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 078 in piglets in the Czech Republic clusters with Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 078 isolates from Germany, Japan and Taiwan.
    International journal of medical microbiology : IJMM, 2018, Volume: 308, Issue:7

    Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infec

2018
Role of Metronidazole in Mild Clostridium difficile Infections.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2018, 11-28, Volume: 67, Issue:12

    Topics: Adult; Child; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Humans; Metronidazole

2018
Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of human Clostridium difficile isolates from a single institution in Northern China.
    Medicine, 2018, Volume: 97, Issue:25

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Beijing; China; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium

2018
The evolving epidemiology of
    CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 2018, 06-25, Volume: 190, Issue:25

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Canada; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infect

2018
Highly antibiotic-resistant Clostridium difficile isolates from Iranian patients.
    Journal of applied microbiology, 2018, Volume: 125, Issue:5

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium I

2018
Risk factors for recurrence in patients with Clostridium difficile infection due to 027 and non-027 ribotypes.
    Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2019, Volume: 25, Issue:4

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium I

2019
Clostridium difficile infection in young people - 2 case reports.
    Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego, 2018, Jun-27, Volume: 44, Issue:264

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ceftriaxone; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridi

2018
Fidaxomicin in the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection in oncohematology patients.
    Medicina clinica, 2019, 10-11, Volume: 153, Issue:7

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Colonic Neoplasms; Diarrhea

2019
What Is the Role for Metronidazole in the Treatment of Clostridium difficile Infection? Results From a National Cohort Study of Veterans With Initial Mild Disease.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2019, 09-27, Volume: 69, Issue:8

    Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cohort Studies; Femal

2019
2,4-Disubstituted 5-Nitroimidazoles Potent against Clostridium difficile.
    ChemMedChem, 2019, 03-05, Volume: 14, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cell Survival; CHO Cells; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infe

2019
The emergence of metronidazole and vancomycin reduced susceptibility in Clostridium difficile isolates in Iran.
    Journal of global antimicrobial resistance, 2019, Volume: 18

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Chlorocebus aethiops; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infect

2019
Changes in Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile PCR-Ribotype Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance in a German Tertiary Care Hospital Over the Last 10 Years.
    Current microbiology, 2019, Volume: 76, Issue:4

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Drug Resistance, Bacterial;

2019
Association Between Antibiotic Use and Hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile Infection in US Acute Care Hospitals, 2006-2012: An Ecologic Analysis.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2020, 01-01, Volume: 70, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cephalosporins; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections

2020
Clostridium septicum arthritis in a young infant: A case report.
    Anaerobe, 2019, Volume: 57

    Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Arthritis, Infectious; Clostridium Infections; Clostridium septicum; Debridem

2019
Characterization and risk factors for recurrence of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection in Japan: A nationwide real-world analysis using a large hospital-based administrative dataset.
    Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy, 2019, Volume: 25, Issue:8

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Case-Control Studies; Clostridioides difficile; Clos

2019
    Infectious diseases (London, England), 2019, Volume: 51, Issue:7

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Clostrid

2019
Risk factors and outcomes of Clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized patients.
    Biomedical journal, 2019, Volume: 42, Issue:2

    Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Female; Humans; Male;

2019
Metronidazole-sensitive organisms in children with severe acute malnutrition: an evaluation of the indication for empiric metronidazole treatment.
    Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2020, Volume: 26, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Child; Child, Preschool; Clostri

2020
Clostridium difficile: A Frequent Infection in Children After Intestinal Transplantation.
    Transplantation, 2020, Volume: 104, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium In

2020
Antimicrobial activity of LFF571 and three treatment agents against Clostridium difficile isolates collected for a pan-European survey in 2008: clinical and therapeutic implications.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2013, Volume: 68, Issue:6

    Topics: Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cross Infe

2013
A new strategy for the prevention of Clostridium difficile infection.
    The Journal of infectious diseases, 2013, May-15, Volume: 207, Issue:10

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bile Acids and Salts; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infectio

2013
Hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in acute medical wards.
    The journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, 2013, Volume: 43, Issue:2

    Topics: Abdominal Pain; Age Factors; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Clos

2013
Assessment of 30-day all-cause mortality in metronidazole-treated patients with Clostridium difficile infection.
    Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases, 2013, Volume: 45, Issue:10

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infecti

2013
Assessment of treatment patterns and patient outcomes before vs after implementation of a severity-based Clostridium difficile infection treatment policy.
    The Journal of hospital infection, 2013, Volume: 85, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infecti

2013
Comparison of treatment outcomes with vancomycin alone versus combination therapy in severe Clostridium difficile infection.
    The Journal of hospital infection, 2013, Volume: 85, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostri

2013
The role of vancomycin and metronidazole for the treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.
    Journal of pharmacy practice, 2013, Volume: 26, Issue:5

    Topics: Administration, Ophthalmic; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections;

2013
Successful treatment of simulated Clostridium difficile infection in a human gut model by fidaxomicin first line and after vancomycin or metronidazole failure.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2014, Volume: 69, Issue:2

    Topics: Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gastrointestinal Tract;

2014
Defining the vulnerable period for re-establishment of Clostridium difficile colonization after treatment of C. difficile infection with oral vancomycin or metronidazole.
    PloS one, 2013, Volume: 8, Issue:10

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Dia

2013
Clostridium difficile bacteremia.
    Surgical infections, 2013, Volume: 14, Issue:6

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Humans; Intesti

2013
In vitro and in vivo antibacterial evaluation of cadazolid, a new antibiotic for treatment of Clostridium difficile infections.
    Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2014, Volume: 58, Issue:2

    Topics: Acetamides; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Clostridioides dif

2014
Therapeutic approaches for Clostridium difficile infections.
    Current protocols in microbiology, 2013, Oct-02, Volume: 30

    Topics: Aminoglycosides; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antitoxins; B

2013
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of multidrug-resistant Bacteroides, Parabacteroides spp., and Pseudoflavonifractor from a Costa Rican hospital.
    Microbial drug resistance (Larchmont, N.Y.), 2014, Volume: 20, Issue:5

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; beta-Lactamases; beta-Lactams; Clindamyc

2014
Risk of Clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized patients receiving metronidazole for a non-C difficile infection.
    Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 2014, Volume: 12, Issue:11

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Clostridioides difficile; Cl

2014
Chemoprophylaxis of Clostridium difficile infections in high-risk hospitalized patients.
    Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 2014, Volume: 12, Issue:11

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cro

2014
Editorial Commentary: the trials and tribulations of treating Clostridium difficile infection-one step backward, one step forward, but still progress.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2014, Aug-01, Volume: 59, Issue:3

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Diarrhea; Enterocolitis, Ps

2014
Antibiotics for Treatment of Clostridium difficile Infection in Hospitalized Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
    Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2014, Volume: 58, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Female; Hospitalizat

2014
[Epidemiology of Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) in Salamanca].
    Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia, 2014, Volume: 27, Issue:2

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antacids; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Clostridioides diff

2014
Clostridium difficile infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant: strain diversity and outcomes associated with NAP1/027.
    Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, 2014, Volume: 20, Issue:10

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Infective Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Clostridioides difficile; C

2014
In vivo assessment of SMT19969 in a hamster model of clostridium difficile infection.
    Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2014, Volume: 58, Issue:10

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cricetinae; Male;

2014
Healthcare resource utilization for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection in a large university hospital in Houston, Texas.
    PloS one, 2014, Volume: 9, Issue:7

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cr

2014
High frequency of nonadherence to Clostridium difficile treatment guidelines.
    Southern medical journal, 2014, Volume: 107, Issue:9

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Critical Pathways; Decision

2014
Commentary on "High frequency of nonadherence to Clostridium difficile treatment guidelines".
    Southern medical journal, 2014, Volume: 107, Issue:9

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Guideline Adherence; Humans

2014
Cost-effectiveness analysis of treatment strategies for initial Clostridium difficile infection.
    Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2014, Volume: 20, Issue:12

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biological Therapy; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Compute

2014
Tigecycline for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection refractory to metronidazole in haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.
    Journal of chemotherapy (Florence, Italy), 2015, Volume: 27, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Drug Resistance, Bac

2015
Emphysematous cystitis due to recurrent Clostridium difficile infection.
    BMJ case reports, 2014, Dec-17, Volume: 2014

    Topics: Aged; Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cystitis; Emphysema;

2014
Risk of Clostridium difficile infection in intensive care unit patients with sepsis exposed to metronidazole.
    Infectious diseases (London, England), 2015, Volume: 47, Issue:4

    Topics: Aged; Anti-Infective Agents; Case-Control Studies; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections;

2015
Clostridium difficile ribotype 078 cultured from post-surgical non-healing wound in a patient carrying ribotype 014 in the intestinal tract.
    Folia microbiologica, 2015, Volume: 60, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Humans; Intestines;

2015
Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Clostridium difficile clinical isolates from Victoria, Australia.
    Anaerobe, 2015, Volume: 34

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Toxins; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Drug Resi

2015
Faecal microbiota transplantation plus selected use of vancomycin for severe-complicated Clostridium difficile infection: description of a protocol with high success rate.
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2015, Volume: 42, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infecti

2015
A national survey of the molecular epidemiology of Clostridium difficile in Israel: the dissemination of the ribotype 027 strain with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin and metronidazole.
    Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease, 2015, Volume: 83, Issue:1

    Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Drug Resistance, Bacterial;

2015
[Analysis of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea in pediatric patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea].
    Zhonghua er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of pediatrics, 2015, Volume: 53, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Clostridioides dif

2015
Gastrointestinal localization of metronidazole by a lactobacilli-inspired tetramic acid motif improves treatment outcomes in the hamster model of Clostridium difficile infection.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2015, Volume: 70, Issue:11

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Colon; Disease Mod

2015
Routine disc diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Clostridium difficile and association with PCR ribotype 027.
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2015, Volume: 34, Issue:11

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Diarrhea; Disk Diffusion An

2015
Risk Factors and Outcomes for Bloodstream Infections Secondary to Clostridium difficile Infection.
    Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2016, Volume: 60, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteremia; Candida; Candidiasis; Case-Control Studies; Clostridioides

2016
Evaluation of a bedside scoring system for predicting clinical cure and recurrence of Clostridium difficile infections.
    American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 2015, Nov-01, Volume: 72, Issue:21

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Female; Humans

2015
Susceptibility of Clostridium difficile Isolates of Varying Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotypes to SMT19969 and 11 Comparators.
    Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2016, Volume: 60, Issue:1

    Topics: Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Benzimidazoles; Ceftriaxone; Clostridioides difficile; Clost

2016
Epidemiology and factors associated with candidaemia following Clostridium difficile infection in adults within metropolitan Atlanta, 2009-2013.
    Epidemiology and infection, 2016, Volume: 144, Issue:7

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Candida; Candidemia; Case-Control Studies; Clostridi

2016
IMAGES IN CLINICAL MEDICINE. Metronidazole-Associated Encephalopathy.
    The New England journal of medicine, 2016, Apr-14, Volume: 374, Issue:15

    Topics: Bacteremia; Brain Diseases; Catheterization, Central Venous; Clostridium Infections; Dysarthria; Fat

2016
The burden of clostridium difficile infection: estimates of the incidence of CDI from U.S. Administrative databases.
    BMC infectious diseases, 2016, Apr-22, Volume: 16

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Clostridium Infections; Databases, Factual; Female; Health Care Cost

2016
Correlation between fecal calprotectin levels, disease severity and the hypervirulent ribotype 027 strain in patients with Clostridium difficile infection.
    BMC infectious diseases, 2016, 06-22, Volume: 16

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infect

2016
Pseudomembranous colitis presenting as a mechanical large bowel obstruction.
    ANZ journal of surgery, 2018, Volume: 88, Issue:9

    Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Administration, Oral; Anastomosis, Surgical; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clo

2018
Effect of metronidazole use on tacrolimus concentrations in transplant patients treated for Clostridium difficile.
    Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society, 2016, Volume: 18, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clinical Decision-Making; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium

2016
Efficacy of Oral Vancomycin in Preventing Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection in Patients Treated With Systemic Antimicrobial Agents.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2016, 11-15, Volume: 63, Issue:10

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Huma

2016
Molecular types and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Clostridium difficile isolates in different epidemiological settings in a tertiary care center in Israel.
    Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease, 2016, Volume: 86, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Case-Control Studies; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections

2016
High prevalence of nontoxigenic Clostridium difficile isolated from hospitalized and non-hospitalized individuals in rural Ghana.
    International journal of medical microbiology : IJMM, 2016, Volume: 306, Issue:8

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Toxins; Ca

2016
Clostridium difficile infection in children: epidemiology and risk of recurrence in a low-prevalence country.
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2017, Volume: 36, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium In

2017
Two Clusters of Fluoroquinolone and Clindamycin-Resistant Clostridium difficile PCR Ribotype 001 Strain Recognized by Capillary Electrophoresis Ribotyping and Multilocus Variable Tandem Repeat Analysis.
    Microbial drug resistance (Larchmont, N.Y.), 2017, Volume: 23, Issue:5

    Topics: Aged; Amino Acid Substitution; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Clindamycin; Clostridioides dif

2017
The role of single-shot metronidazole in the prevention of Clostridium difficile infection following ileostomy reversal surgery.
    International journal of colorectal disease, 2017, Volume: 32, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacterial Toxins; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Diarrhea; Feces; Fe

2017
Development and validation of a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay for the measurement of faecal metronidazole.
    Clinical biochemistry, 2017, Volume: 50, Issue:6

    Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Biological Assay; Chromatography, Liquid; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridi

2017
An institutional comparison of total abdominal colectomy and diverting loop ileostomy and colonic lavage in the treatment of severe, complicated Clostridium difficile infections.
    American journal of surgery, 2017, Volume: 213, Issue:3

    Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridium Infections; Colectomy; Colon; Female; Humans; Ileostomy; Ma

2017
Presence of Clostridium difficile in pig faecal samples and wild animal species associated with pig farms.
    Journal of applied microbiology, 2017, Volume: 122, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Animals, Wild; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Far

2017
Lack of adherence to SHEA-IDSA treatment guidelines for Clostridium difficile infection is associated with increased mortality.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2017, Volume: 72, Issue:2

    Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Colitis; Drug Therapy

2017
Clostridium difficile Infection and Patient-Specific Antimicrobial Resistance Testing Reveals a High Metronidazole Resistance Rate.
    Digestive diseases and sciences, 2017, Volume: 62, Issue:4

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Infective Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Clostrid

2017
Cecal Perforation Associated with Clostridium difficile Infection: A Case Report.
    The Journal of emergency medicine, 2017, Volume: 52, Issue:4

    Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Colectomy; Colon; Con

2017
Comparative Effectiveness of Vancomycin and Metronidazole for the Prevention of Recurrence and Death in Patients With Clostridium difficile Infection.
    JAMA internal medicine, 2017, 04-01, Volume: 177, Issue:4

    Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Feces; Female; Humans

2017
An unusual case of acute abdomen -? Is it C. difficile infection.
    The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 2008, Volume: 56

    Topics: Abdomen, Acute; Aged; Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Human

2008
Management of Clostridium difficile infection: survey of practices and compliance with national guidelines among primary care physicians.
    Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 2009, Volume: 30, Issue:4

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Diarrhea; Guideline Adheren

2009
Clostridium difficile infection in the "oldest" old: clinical outcomes in patients aged 80 and older.
    Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2009, Volume: 57, Issue:4

    Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridi

2009
Clostridium difficile infection: historic review.
    Anaerobe, 2009, Volume: 15, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cricetinae; Entero

2009
Use of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes and medication use data to identify nosocomial Clostridium difficile infection.
    Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 2009, Volume: 30, Issue:11

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cross Infection; Cross-Sect

2009
Identification of risk factors for the development of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea following treatment of polymicrobial surgical infections.
    Annals of surgery, 2010, Volume: 251, Issue:4

    Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carbapenems; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Diarrhea

2010
Increasing incidence of community-associated atypical Clostridium difficile disease in children.
    Clinical pediatrics, 2010, Volume: 49, Issue:7

    Topics: Biopsy, Needle; Child; Child, Preschool; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Colonosco

2010
Continuing diarrhoea after ten days of oral metronidazole or oral vancomycin for presumed, hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile colitis in elderly hospital patients.
    The Journal of hospital infection, 2010, Volume: 74, Issue:4

    Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Albumins; Anti-Bacterial Agents; C-Reactive Protein; Clostridioides difficile; Cl

2010
Predictors of death after Clostridium difficile infection: a report on 128 strain-typed cases from a teaching hospital in the United Kingdom.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2010, Jun-15, Volume: 50, Issue:12

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Fe

2010
Clostridium difficile infection in Polish pediatric outpatients with inflammatory bowel disease.
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2010, Volume: 29, Issue:10

    Topics: Adolescent; Ambulatory Care; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Clostridioides difficil

2010
[Approach to the treatment of intestinal infectious diseases caused by Clostridium difficile].
    Klinicka mikrobiologie a infekcni lekarstvi, 2010, Volume: 16, Issue:3

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Humans; Metronidazole; Vanc

2010
Comment on: Increasing incidence of community-associated atypical Clostridium difficile disease in children.
    Clinical pediatrics, 2010, Volume: 49, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Child; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Community-Acq

2010
[Clostridium difficile infections at Landspítali - 1998-2008].
    Laeknabladid, 2010, Volume: 96, Issue:9

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cross Infection; Feces; Hos

2010
Activity of RBx 11760, a novel biaryl oxazolidinone, against Clostridium difficile.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2011, Volume: 66, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Toxins; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections;

2011
Nitazoxanide is active against Clostridium difficile strains with reduced susceptibility to metronidazole.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2011, Volume: 66, Issue:6

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Drug Resistance, Bacterial;

2011
Evaluation of linezolid for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection caused by epidemic strains using an in vitro human gut model.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2011, Volume: 66, Issue:7

    Topics: Acetamides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Feces; Gastroin

2011
Prevalence and clinical course of Clostridium difficile infection in a tertiary-care hospital: a retrospective analysis.
    Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology, 2011, Volume: 30, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Toxins; Case-Control Studies; Clostridioides difficile

2011
Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair complicated by infection with Clostridium septicum.
    Annals of vascular surgery, 2011, Volume: 25, Issue:6

    Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Infective Agents; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Blood Vessel Prosthesis; Blood

2011
Low risk of Clostridium difficile infections in hospitalized patients with inflammatory bowel disease in a German tertiary referral center.
    Digestion, 2011, Volume: 84, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Infective Agents; Azathiop

2011
Relapse of posttraumatic osteomyelitis due to Clostridium celerecrescens.
    Infection, 2011, Volume: 39, Issue:5

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefuroxime; Chronic Disease; Clindamycin; Clostridium;

2011
Vancomycin "telephone".
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2011, Jul-15, Volume: 53, Issue:2

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Human

2011
Clostridium difficile disease and vancomycin--questionable clinical superiority.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2011, Jul-15, Volume: 53, Issue:2

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Human

2011
[Left-sided ulcerative colitis reactivated and aggravated during clostridium difficile infection].
    The Korean journal of gastroenterology = Taehan Sohwagi Hakhoe chi, 2011, Volume: 57, Issue:6

    Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; C-Reactive Protein; Clostridioides d

2011
Clostridium difficile infection causing multiple organ failure and small-bowel enteritis.
    Clinics and research in hepatology and gastroenterology, 2011, Volume: 35, Issue:2

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Drug

2011
Antimicrobial prescribing practices in response to different Clostridium difficile diagnostic methodologies.
    Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 2011, Volume: 32, Issue:11

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Algorithms; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Tox

2011
Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of Clostridium difficile infection in a Korean tertiary hospital.
    Journal of Korean medical science, 2011, Volume: 26, Issue:10

    Topics: Aged; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Diarrh

2011
Preventing downstream Clostridium difficile infections with upstream antibiotic management.
    Medical hypotheses, 2012, Volume: 78, Issue:1

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cross Infection; Diarrhea;

2012
Real-time polymerase chain reaction testing for Clostridium difficile reduces isolation time and improves patient management in a small community hospital.
    American journal of infection control, 2012, Volume: 40, Issue:7

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Dr

2012
Changing incidence and clinical manifestations of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea detected by combination of glutamate dehydrogenase and toxin assay in Northern Taiwan.
    Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi, 2012, Volume: 45, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Toxins; beta-Lactamases; Clostridio

2012
Risk factors for Clostridium difficile toxin-positive diarrhea: a population-based prospective case-control study.
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2012, Volume: 31, Issue:10

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Tox

2012
A case of emphysematous hepatitis with spontaneous pneumoperitoneum in a patient with hilar cholangiocarcinoma.
    The Korean journal of hepatology, 2012, Volume: 18, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bile Duct Neoplasms; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Cefotaxime;

2012
Clostridium difficile infection, Colorado and the northwestern United States, 2007.
    Emerging infectious diseases, 2012, Volume: 18, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infecti

2012
Clostridium difficile and Entamoeba histolytica infections in patients with colitis in the Philippines.
    Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2012, Volume: 106, Issue:7

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infecti

2012
Successful use of nitazoxanide in the treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection.
    BMJ case reports, 2011, Nov-21, Volume: 2011

    Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Humans; Male; Metroni

2011
Incidence and clinical features of Clostridium difficile infection in Korea: a nationwide study.
    Epidemiology and infection, 2013, Volume: 141, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infecti

2013
Fidaxomicin inhibits spore production in Clostridium difficile.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2012, Volume: 55 Suppl 2

    Topics: Aminoglycosides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Load; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infect

2012
Laboratory diagnosis of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea and molecular characterization of clinical isolates.
    The new microbiologica, 2012, Volume: 35, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Algorithms; Aza Compounds; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Clo

2012
Severe anaphylaxis caused by orally administered vancomycin to a patient with Clostridium difficile infection.
    Infection, 2013, Volume: 41, Issue:2

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Anaphylaxis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridi

2013
C-reactive protein is a useful predictor of metronidazole treatment failure in mild-to-moderate Clostridium difficile infection.
    European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology, 2013, Volume: 25, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Infective Agents; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Clostridioides diffi

2013
Rifaximin in the treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection.
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2013, Volume: 37, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infecti

2013
Outcome of ICU patients with Clostridium difficile infection.
    Critical care (London, England), 2012, Nov-05, Volume: 16, Issue:6

    Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Community-Acquired In

2012
Vancomycin treatment's association with delayed intestinal tissue injury, clostridial overgrowth, and recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection in mice.
    Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2013, Volume: 57, Issue:2

    Topics: Aminoglycosides; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteroides; Cecum; Clostridioides difficile; Clost

2013
[Successful treatment of life-threatening, treatment resistant Clostridium difficile infection associated pseudomembranous colitis with faecal transplantation].
    Orvosi hetilap, 2012, Dec-30, Volume: 153, Issue:52

    Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Drug Resistance, Bacterial;

2012
Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Clostridium difficile isolated in Japan.
    Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy, 2013, Volume: 19, Issue:2

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Drug Resistance, Bacterial;

2013
Characterization of Clostridium difficile isolates from foals with diarrhea: 28 cases (1993-1997).
    Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2002, Jan-01, Volume: 220, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Clostridioides difficile; Clos

2002
Antimicrobial susceptibilities of canine Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens isolates to commonly utilized antimicrobial drugs.
    Veterinary microbiology, 2003, Jun-24, Volume: 94, Issue:1

    Topics: Ampicillin; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Clostr

2003
Clostridium perfringens enterotoxicosis in two Amur leopards (Panthera pardus orientalis).
    Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, 2001, Volume: 32, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Animals, Zoo; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carnivora; Cathartics; Clostridium Infections; Clostri

2001
Probiotics in relapsing and chronic diarrhea.
    Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology, 2004, Volume: 26, Issue:8

    Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Clostridioide

2004
Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in a region of Quebec from 1991 to 2003: a changing pattern of disease severity.
    CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 2004, Aug-31, Volume: 171, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chi-Square Distribution; Child; Clostridioides diffi

2004
Non-antibiotic associated C. difficile diarrhea in a 7 week-old infant.
    Indian pediatrics, 2004, Volume: 41, Issue:10

    Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Diarrhea, Infantile; Humans

2004
Steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis treated with corticosteroids, metronidazole and vancomycin: a case report.
    BMC gastroenterology, 2005, Jan-24, Volume: 5

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Clostridioides diffic

2005
Treating C. difficile.
    CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 2005, Feb-15, Volume: 172, Issue:4

    Topics: Anion Exchange Resins; Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Diar

2005
Limited clinical utility of Clostridium difficile toxin testing in infants in a pediatric hospital.
    Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease, 2005, Volume: 52, Issue:2

    Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Toxins; Case-Control Studies; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium

2005
Determination of the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes in canine Clostridium perfringens isolates.
    Veterinary microbiology, 2006, Mar-10, Volume: 113, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridium Infections; Clostridium perfringens; Conjugation, Geneti

2006
Continuation of antibiotics is associated with failure of metronidazole for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.
    Journal of clinical gastroenterology, 2006, Volume: 40, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Infective Agents; Chi-Square Distribution; Clostridioides difficile; C

2006
Clostridial myositis and collapse in a standardbred filly.
    The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice, 2006, Volume: 22, Issue:1

    Topics: Abscess; Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Blood Cell Count; Blood Chemical Analysis; Buto

2006
"Diversion" colitis caused by Clostridium difficile infection: report of a case.
    Diseases of the colon and rectum, 2006, Volume: 49, Issue:7

    Topics: Administration, Rectal; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infectio

2006
Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: a growing problem.
    Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 2007, Volume: 5, Issue:3

    Topics: Bacterial Toxins; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cohort Studies; Colitis, Ulcerat

2007
Fucidic acid use in metronidazole nonresponders with Clostridium difficile infection.
    Digestion, 2007, Volume: 75, Issue:4

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridium Infections; F

2007
Subcutaneous abscess caused by Clostridium perfringens and osteomyelitis in a dog.
    The Journal of small animal practice, 2008, Volume: 49, Issue:4

    Topics: Abscess; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridium

2008
Vancomycin and metronidazole for the treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2007, Dec-15, Volume: 45, Issue:12

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Diarrhea; Double-Blind Meth

2007
Vancomycin therapy for severe Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2007, Dec-15, Volume: 45, Issue:12

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Diarrhea; Double-Blind Meth

2007
Clostridium difficile-associated disease treatment response depends on definition of cure.
    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2007, Dec-15, Volume: 45, Issue:12

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Diarrhea; Double-Blind Meth

2007
A study of Clostridium difficile-associated disease at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thailand.
    Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet, 2008, Volume: 91, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carbapenems; Cephalosporins; Child; Child, Preschool; Cl

2008
[Clostridium clostridiiforme vertebral osteomyelitis].
    Medecine et maladies infectieuses, 2008, Volume: 38, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ciprofloxacin; Clostridium; Clostridium Infections; Drug Therapy, Comb

2008
Treatment of Clostridium difficile disease in patients not responding to metronidazole.
    The Journal of infection, 2008, Volume: 56, Issue:5

    Topics: Aminoglycosides; Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Diarrhea;

2008
Diagnostic and treatment delays in recurrent Clostridium difficile-associated disease.
    Journal of hospital medicine, 2008, Volume: 3, Issue:2

    Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cohort Studies; Cross

2008
Metronidazole or vancomycin for Clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea.
    Lancet (London, England), 1983, Dec-17, Volume: 2, Issue:8364

    Topics: Clostridium Infections; Diarrhea; Humans; Metronidazole; Vancomycin

1983
Treatment of anaerobic infections.
    Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. Supplement, 1984, Volume: 90

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacterial Infections; Clostridium Infections; Clostridiu

1984
Treatment of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis with metronidazole.
    American journal of hospital pharmacy, 1981, Volume: 38, Issue:7

    Topics: Aged; Ampicillin; Clostridium Infections; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous; Humans; Male; Metronidazo

1981
[Isolation of Clostridium difficile toxin from the feces of a patient with ulcerative colitis (author's transl)].
    Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai zasshi = The Japanese journal of gastro-enterology, 1981, Volume: 78, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Bacterial Toxins; Clostridium Infections; Colitis, Ulcerative; Feces; Female; Humans; Metroni

1981
Antibiotic-associated colitis--an abating enigma.
    Journal of clinical gastroenterology, 1981, Volume: 3, Issue:3

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacitracin; Clindamycin; Clostridium Infections; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembran

1981
Treatment and prevention of antimicrobial agent-induced colitis and diarrhae.
    Gastroenterology, 1980, Volume: 79, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacitracin; Cholestyramine Resin; Clostridium Infections; Cricetinae

1980
Treatment of pseudomembranous colitis with oral metronidazole after relapse following vancomycin.
    The American journal of gastroenterology, 1980, Volume: 74, Issue:4

    Topics: Clostridium Infections; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous; Humans; Male; Metronidazole; Middle Aged; V

1980
Treatment of Clostridium difficile colitis. Summary of a round table held in Brussels on March, 3rd, 1994.
    Acta clinica Belgica, 1995, Volume: 50, Issue:2

    Topics: Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Colitis; Humans; Metronidazole; Vancomycin

1995
Brain abscesses caused by Clostridium septicum as a complication of hemolytic-uremic syndrome.
    The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 1995, Volume: 14, Issue:1

    Topics: Brain Abscess; Child, Preschool; Clostridium Infections; Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome; Humans; Magnetic

1995
Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea after doxycycline malaria prophylaxis.
    Lancet (London, England), 1995, May-27, Volume: 345, Issue:8961

    Topics: Adult; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Diarrhea; Doxycycline; Female; Humans; Mala

1995
Management and control of a large outbreak of diarrhoea due to Clostridium difficile.
    The Journal of hospital infection, 1994, Volume: 27, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Cross

1994
Spontaneous Clostridium perfringens lung abscess unresponsive to penicillin.
    Anaesthesia and intensive care, 1993, Volume: 21, Issue:1

    Topics: Clostridium Infections; Clostridium perfringens; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Lung Abscess; Male

1993
Diarrhoea caused by Clostridium difficile: response time for treatment with metronidazole and vancomycin.
    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 1995, Volume: 36, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antidiarrheals; Clostridioides difficile; Clo

1995
Managing C. difficile-associated diarrhea.
    American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998, Jul-01, Volume: 55, Issue:13

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Diarrhea; Drug Resistance,

1998
ASHP therapeutic position statement on the preferential use of metronidazole for the treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated disease.
    American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998, Jul-01, Volume: 55, Issue:13

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Drug Resistance, Microbial;

1998
Association of Clostridium difficile with enterocolitis and lactose intolerance in a foal.
    Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 1999, Jan-15, Volume: 214, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anti-Bacterial Agents; beta-Galactosidase; Clostridioides difficile; Clos

1999
Fatal Clostridium sordellii ischio-rectal abscess with septicaemia complicating ultrasound-guided transrectal prostate biopsy.
    The Journal of infection, 1999, Volume: 38, Issue:2

    Topics: Abscess; Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Ampicillin; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteremia; Biopsy; Ciprofloxacin;

1999
Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in the elderly.
    The American journal of gastroenterology, 1999, Volume: 94, Issue:11

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Clostridioides diff

1999
Acute haemorrhagic colitis possibly caused by Clostridium perfringens.
    Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology, 2000, Volume: 35, Issue:5

    Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridium Infections; Clostridium perfringens; Colitis; Female; Gastr

2000
Diarrhea associated with enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens in a red-footed tortoise (Geochelone carbonaria).
    Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, 2000, Volume: 31, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridium Infections; Clostridium perfringens; Diarrhea; Enterotox

2000
Improvement of Clostridium tumour targeting vectors evaluated in rat rhabdomyosarcomas.
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology, 2001, Volume: 30, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibodies, Bacterial; Clostridium; Clostridi

2001
Liver abscess caused by Clostridium difficile.
    Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases, 2001, Volume: 33, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Drainage; Female; Hum

2001
GT160-246, a toxin binding polymer for treatment of Clostridium difficile colitis.
    Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2001, Volume: 45, Issue:8

    Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Chlorocebus aethiops; Cholestyramine Resin; Clostridi

2001
[Diarrhea due to a toxin of Clostridium difficile in hemato-oncological patients].
    Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 2001, Sep-08, Volume: 145, Issue:36

    Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Toxins; Clostridium Infections; Diarrhea; Dose-Response Relationshi

2001
E test susceptibility testing of nosocomial Clostridium difficile isolates against metronidazole, vancomycin, fusidic acid and the novel agents moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin, and linezolid.
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2002, Volume: 21, Issue:1

    Topics: Acetamides; Anti-Infective Agents; Aza Compounds; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections;

2002
Antimicrobial prophylaxis in colorectal surgery.
    Lancet (London, England), 1979, Jul-21, Volume: 2, Issue:8134

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Antisepsis; Clostridium Infections; Colon; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Ka

1979
Antimicrobial therapy of anaerobic infections: a status report.
    Hospital practice, 1979, Volume: 14, Issue:10

    Topics: Actinomycosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Bacteriological Techniques; Bacteroides

1979
Oral metronidazole in Clostridium difficile colitis.
    British medical journal, 1979, Jun-16, Volume: 1, Issue:6178

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Clindamycin; Clostridium Infections; Colitis; Female; Humans; Metronida

1979
Oral metronidazole in Clostridium difficile colitis.
    British medical journal, 1979, Aug-04, Volume: 2, Issue:6185

    Topics: Clostridium Infections; Colitis; Humans; Metronidazole; Vancomycin

1979
Clostridium difficile-associated colitis after neomycin treated with metronidazole.
    British medical journal, 1979, Dec-08, Volume: 2, Issue:6203

    Topics: Aged; Clostridium Infections; Colitis; Humans; Male; Metronidazole; Neomycin

1979
Clindamycin-induced colitis.
    The American journal of clinical nutrition, 1979, Volume: 32, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Bacterial Toxins; Cecum; Clindamycin; Clostridium; Clostridium Infections; Cricetinae; Dise

1979
Changing concepts of infectious diarrheas.
    Geriatrics, 1975, Volume: 30, Issue:3

    Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Amebiasis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Clostridium Infections;

1975
Diarrhea in hospitalized patients.
    American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation, 1992, Volume: 71, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Clostridioides difficile; Clos

1992
Comparative efficacy of cefoperazone, cefoperazone plus sulbactam, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, metronidazole, and penicillin G against anaerobic bacteria in an animal model.
    The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine, 1990, Volume: 115, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacterial Infections; Bacteroides fragilis; Bac

1990
Empyema caused by Clostridium sordellii, a rare form of pleuropulmonary disease.
    The Journal of infection, 1991, Volume: 22, Issue:2

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridium Infections; Empyema; Female; Humans; Lac

1991
Primary infection of ascitic fluid with Clostridium difficile.
    The Journal of infection, 1990, Volume: 21, Issue:1

    Topics: Ascites; Clostridium; Clostridium Infections; Duodenal Ulcer; Female; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; H

1990
Therapy of Clostridium difficile in pseudomembranous and antibiotic-associated colitis.
    Chemioterapia : international journal of the Mediterranean Society of Chemotherapy, 1987, Volume: 6, Issue:2 Suppl

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cholestyramine Resin; Clostridium Infections; Colitis; Glycopeptides; Humans;

1987
[In vitro activity of beta-lactams, clindamycin and metronidazole on Clostridium difficile].
    Pathologie-biologie, 1988, Volume: 36, Issue:5 Pt 2

    Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; beta-Lactams; Clindamycin; Clostridium; Clostridium Infections; Humans; In Vi

1988
Vertebral osteomyelitis caused by Clostridium difficile. A case report and review of the literature.
    Spine, 1988, Volume: 13, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Clostridium Infections; Female; Humans; Lumbar Vertebrae; Metronidazole; Osteomyelitis; Radiog

1988
Clostridium difficile colitis following head and neck surgery. Report of cases.
    Archives of otolaryngology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960), 1985, Volume: 111, Issue:8

    Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridium Infections; Diarrhea; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous; Head

1985
Antibiotic-associated colitis.
    Comprehensive therapy, 1985, Volume: 11, Issue:12

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacitracin; Clostridium; Clostridium Infections; Colitis; Feces; Human

1985
Practical aspects of anaerobic sepsis.
    Medicine, 1973, Volume: 52, Issue:4

    Topics: Abscess; Anaerobiosis; Arthritis, Infectious; Bacterial Infections; Bacteroides; Bone Diseases; Brai

1973
Antimicrobial considerations in anaerobic infections.
    The Medical clinics of North America, 1974, Volume: 58, Issue:3

    Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Anaerobiosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Bacteroides I

1974