metronidazole and Bacterial Vaginitides studies

Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.
metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"To determine whether a postoperative 5-day treatment schedule with vaginal metronidazole added to conventional antibiotic prophylaxis with 2 g cefazolin modifies the risk of pelvic cellulitis (PC) and pelvic abscess (PA) after total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH)."	9.69	Metronidazole for Prevention of Pelvic Cellulitis and Abscess after Laparoscopic Hysterectomy: A Triple-blinded, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial. ( Arango, A; Bastidas, C; Cárdenas, L; Cifuentes, C; De Los Rios, JF; Gallego, DE; Gómez, SM; López, CC; López, JD; Orjuela, J; Silva, JB; Valencia, V; Vásquez-Trespalacios, EM; Villegas-Echeverri, JD; Zambrano, CP, 2023)
"This was a sub-study of a larger randomized trial of oral versus vaginal metronidazole for treatment of BV in pregnancy."	9.14	Comparison of oral and vaginal metronidazole for treatment of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy: impact on fastidious bacteria. ( Agnew, KJ; Fredricks, DN; Hitti, JE; Mitchell, CM, 2009)
"This was a randomized controlled trial comparing oral and intravaginal metronidazole for treatment of BV in early pregnancy (<20 weeks)."	9.14	Changes in the vaginal microenvironment with metronidazole treatment for bacterial vaginosis in early pregnancy. ( Agnew, K; Balkus, J; Hitti, J; Lawler, R; Mitchell, C, 2009)
"One week of oral metronidazole and 5 days of intravaginal metronidazole are equally efficacious for treatment of bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy."	9.10	Clinical and cervical cytokine response to treatment with oral or vaginal metronidazole for bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy: a randomized trial. ( Hillier, SL; Landers, DV; Meyn, L; Yudin, MH, 2003)
"To characterize the natural history of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy and to assess the efficacy of short courses of oral metronidazole therapy for long-term suppression of bacterial vaginosis flora."	9.07	Bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy and efficacy of short-course oral metronidazole treatment: a randomized controlled trial. ( Jolley, PT; McDonald, HM; McDonald, PJ; O'Loughlin, JA; Vigneswaran, R, 1994)
"Our purpose was to determine whether treatment of bacterial vaginosis with metronidazole in patients with preterm delivery in the penultimate pregnancy from preterm labor or premature rupture of membranes reduces the risk of subsequent preterm birth."	9.07	Effect of metronidazole in patients with preterm birth in preceding pregnancy and bacterial vaginosis: a placebo-controlled, double-blind study. ( Albritton, J; Morales, WJ; Schorr, S, 1994)
"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of metronidazole treatment on the incidence of postoperative pelvic inflammatory disease after first-trimester abortion in women with bacterial vaginosis."	9.07	Incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease after first-trimester legal abortion in women with bacterial vaginosis after treatment with metronidazole: a double-blind, randomized study. ( Forsum, U; Larsson, PG; Påhlson, C; Platz-Christensen, JJ; Thejls, H, 1992)
"Studies investigating the association between gestational use of oral metronidazole on human subjects and the risk of preterm birth or/and birth defects were systematically retrieved from MEDLINE and EMBASE databases."	8.91	The use of metronidazole during pregnancy: a review of evidence. ( Berard, A; Ferreira, E; Santos, F; Sheehy, O, 2015)
"Pancreatitis is a very rare adverse effect of metronidazole with only six cases of metronidazole-induced pancreatitis reported in the English literature so far."	8.82	Metronidazole-induced pancreatitis. A case report and review of literature. ( Casey, KJ; Nigwekar, SU, 2004)
" A recent clinical recommendation by a guidelines group of the Danish Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology advised against the use of clindamycin for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy to reduce the risk of spontaneous preterm birth based on lack of evidence of efficacy."	7.85	The treatment of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy with clindamycin to reduce the risk of infection-related preterm birth: a response to the Danish Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology guideline group's clinical recommendations. ( Jørgensen, JS; Keelan, JA; Lamont, RF; Larsson, PG, 2017)
"BackgroundBacterial vaginosis (BV) causes genital inflammation and increases HIV risk, whereas a vaginal microbiota dominated by Lactobacillus species is associated with immune quiescence and relative HIV protection."	7.11	Metronidazole treatment rapidly reduces genital inflammation through effects on bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria rather than lactobacilli. ( Armstrong, E; Burke, KE; Castañeda, GR; Coburn, B; Cohen, CR; Crawford, ED; Hemmerling, A; Huibner, S; Kaul, R; Kulikova, M; Liu, R; Miller, S; Morris, SR; Nagelkerke, N; Newmann, SJ; Reno, H, 2022)
"Uncomplicated pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a common disease caused by numerous pathogens: sexually transmitted infections (such as Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma genitalium), anaerobes, and other organisms from the vaginal flora."	6.74	Levofloxacin plus metronidazole in uncomplicated pelvic inflammatory disease: a preliminary study. ( Judlin, P; Thiebaugeorges, O, 2009)
"To determine whether a postoperative 5-day treatment schedule with vaginal metronidazole added to conventional antibiotic prophylaxis with 2 g cefazolin modifies the risk of pelvic cellulitis (PC) and pelvic abscess (PA) after total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH)."	5.69	Metronidazole for Prevention of Pelvic Cellulitis and Abscess after Laparoscopic Hysterectomy: A Triple-blinded, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial. ( Arango, A; Bastidas, C; Cárdenas, L; Cifuentes, C; De Los Rios, JF; Gallego, DE; Gómez, SM; López, CC; López, JD; Orjuela, J; Silva, JB; Valencia, V; Vásquez-Trespalacios, EM; Villegas-Echeverri, JD; Zambrano, CP, 2023)
"Metronidazole was found to be effective in preventing preterm births when used in conjunction with other antibiotics."	5.62	The safety of metronidazole in pregnancy. ( Bloom, K; Nwosu, OC, 2021)
"Clindamycin, but not metronidazole, was beneficial in studies providing IPD, but after imputing data from missing IPD studies, treatment of BV during pregnancy did not reduce PTD, nor prolong pregnancy, in any subgroup or when started earlier in gestation."	5.41	Antibiotic treatment of bacterial vaginosis to prevent preterm delivery: Systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis. ( Andrews, WW; Bhandaru, V; Emel, LM; Goldenberg, RL; Hoffman, MK; Kiss, H; Klebanoff, MA; Lamont, RF; Larsen, MD; Larsson, PG; Odendaal, HJ; Petricevic, L; Schuit, E; Seed, PT; Shennan, A; Ugwumadu, A; Weiner, S, 2023)
"Although absolute estimates of metronidazole total body exposure were highest in women during early term pregnancy, weight-corrected estimates of exposure maximum plasma drug concentration (C(max)) and the area under the plasma concentration-versus-time curve (AUC(0-12)), along with apparent oral clearance and distribution volume, were not significantly different between women at early, middle, and late stages of pregnancy and were in the range of reported values for nonpregnant patients receiving a similar dose."	5.15	Pharmacokinetics of metronidazole in pregnant patients with bacterial vaginosis. ( Abdel-Rahman, SM; Ahmed, MS; Hankins, GD; Jasek, M; Nanovskaya, TN; Wang, X; Zhan, Y, 2011)
"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 280 women between 16 and 18 weeks of pregnancy who had 1 previous preterm birth and had just been successfully treated for bacterial vaginosis with metronidazole for 1 week."	5.14	Effect of oral N-acetyl cysteine on recurrent preterm labor following treatment for bacterial vaginosis. ( Hassanin, IM; Hirchenhain, J; Ismail, AM; Kruessel, JS; Shahin, AY, 2009)
"This was a sub-study of a larger randomized trial of oral versus vaginal metronidazole for treatment of BV in pregnancy."	5.14	Comparison of oral and vaginal metronidazole for treatment of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy: impact on fastidious bacteria. ( Agnew, KJ; Fredricks, DN; Hitti, JE; Mitchell, CM, 2009)
"This was a randomized controlled trial comparing oral and intravaginal metronidazole for treatment of BV in early pregnancy (<20 weeks)."	5.14	Changes in the vaginal microenvironment with metronidazole treatment for bacterial vaginosis in early pregnancy. ( Agnew, K; Balkus, J; Hitti, J; Lawler, R; Mitchell, C, 2009)
"To determine whether metronidazole reduces early preterm labour in asymptomatic women with positive vaginal fetal fibronectin (fFN) in the second trimester of pregnancy."	5.12	A randomised controlled trial of metronidazole for the prevention of preterm birth in women positive for cervicovaginal fetal fibronectin: the PREMET Study. ( Briley, A; Crawshaw, S; Hawken, J; Jones, G; Poston, L; Seed, P; Shennan, A, 2006)
" Significant reduction of malodorous vaginal discharge (whiff test) and lowest recurrence of BV were noted in the metronidazole plus lactic acid gel arm."	5.12	Metronidazole with Lactacyd vaginal gel in bacterial vaginosis. ( Co, JT; Dancel, LA; Decena, DC; Lelis, MA; Manalastas, RM; Padolina, CS; Palaypayon, EP; Sison, JM, 2006)
" Because these organisms were strongly associated with endometritis, we recommend that all women with PID be treated with regimens that include metronidazole."	5.11	Bacterial vaginosis and anaerobic bacteria are associated with endometritis. ( Bass, DC; Haggerty, CL; Hillier, SL; Ness, RB, 2004)
"One week of oral metronidazole and 5 days of intravaginal metronidazole are equally efficacious for treatment of bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy."	5.10	Clinical and cervical cytokine response to treatment with oral or vaginal metronidazole for bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy: a randomized trial. ( Hillier, SL; Landers, DV; Meyn, L; Yudin, MH, 2003)
"Women with clinically diagnosed cervicitis and BV received doxycycline and ofloxacin and were randomized to treatment with metronidazole gel or placebo."	5.10	Interrelationships of bacterial vaginosis and cervical inflammation. ( Schwebke, JR; Weiss, HL, 2002)
"To determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in women undergoing first trimester suction termination of pregnancy and to evaluate the efficacy of metronidazole in reducing the risk of post abortal pelvic infection in women with bacterial vaginosis."	5.09	Antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent post-abortal upper genital tract infection in women with bacterial vaginosis: randomised controlled trial. ( Bidgood, K; Crowley, T; Harvey, I; Horner, P; Low, N; Turner, A, 2001)
"To evaluate the efficacy of Neo-Penotran pessaries (metronidazole 500 mg + miconazole nitrate 100 mg) in candidal, bacterial and trichomonal vaginitis and in mixed vaginal infections."	5.09	Efficacy of 7-day treatment with metronidazole+miconazole (Neo-Penotran) - a triple-active pessary for the treatment of single and mixed vaginal infections. ( Baktir, G; Danilyans, IL; Morton, O; Ozyurt, E; Toykuliyeva, MB, 2001)
"To ascertain whether metronidazole treatment of women with a heavy growth of Gardnerella vaginalis during mid-pregnancy would reduce the risk of spontaneous preterm birth."	5.08	Impact of metronidazole therapy on preterm birth in women with bacterial vaginosis flora (Gardnerella vaginalis): a randomised, placebo controlled trial. ( Bof, A; Harvey, JA; Jolley, PT; McDonald, HM; McDonald, PJ; O'Loughlin, JA; Vigneswaran, R, 1997)
"To characterize the natural history of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy and to assess the efficacy of short courses of oral metronidazole therapy for long-term suppression of bacterial vaginosis flora."	5.07	Bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy and efficacy of short-course oral metronidazole treatment: a randomized controlled trial. ( Jolley, PT; McDonald, HM; McDonald, PJ; O'Loughlin, JA; Vigneswaran, R, 1994)
"Our purpose was to determine whether treatment of bacterial vaginosis with metronidazole in patients with preterm delivery in the penultimate pregnancy from preterm labor or premature rupture of membranes reduces the risk of subsequent preterm birth."	5.07	Effect of metronidazole in patients with preterm birth in preceding pregnancy and bacterial vaginosis: a placebo-controlled, double-blind study. ( Albritton, J; Morales, WJ; Schorr, S, 1994)
"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of metronidazole treatment on the incidence of postoperative pelvic inflammatory disease after first-trimester abortion in women with bacterial vaginosis."	5.07	Incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease after first-trimester legal abortion in women with bacterial vaginosis after treatment with metronidazole: a double-blind, randomized study. ( Forsum, U; Larsson, PG; Påhlson, C; Platz-Christensen, JJ; Thejls, H, 1992)
"To evaluate whether treatment of BV with vaginal clindamycin or oral metronidazole before 28 weeks of pregnancy reduces PTL incidence."	5.01	Treatment of bacterial vaginosis before 28 weeks of pregnancy to reduce the incidence of preterm labor. ( Cobucci, RN; Costa, APF; Eleutério, J; Gonçalves, AK; Peixoto, RC; Rebouças, KF, 2019)
"Currently metronidazole or the family of nitroimidazoles, represent the drugs of first choice for trichomonas vaginitis and first line therapy for BV."	4.91	Metronidazole for the treatment of vaginal infections. ( Sobel, JD; Sobel, R, 2015)
"Studies investigating the association between gestational use of oral metronidazole on human subjects and the risk of preterm birth or/and birth defects were systematically retrieved from MEDLINE and EMBASE databases."	4.91	The use of metronidazole during pregnancy: a review of evidence. ( Berard, A; Ferreira, E; Santos, F; Sheehy, O, 2015)
" Thus, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (NICHD MFMU) Network performed a randomized clinical trial to determine if antibiotic treatment (metronidazole plus erythromycin) of asymptomatic women with a positive cervical or vaginal fetal fibronectin test in early pregnancy will reduce the risk of spontaneous preterm delivery."	4.82	What we have learned from an antibiotic trial in fetal fibronectin positive women. ( Andrews, WW; Goldenberg, RL, 2003)
"Pancreatitis is a very rare adverse effect of metronidazole with only six cases of metronidazole-induced pancreatitis reported in the English literature so far."	4.82	Metronidazole-induced pancreatitis. A case report and review of literature. ( Casey, KJ; Nigwekar, SU, 2004)
"In order to assess whether the use of metronidazole during pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of congenital malformations, a meta-analysis was conducted."	4.79	Is metronidazole teratogenic? A meta-analysis. ( Alvarez Requejo, A; Caro-Patón, T; Carvajal, A; Martin de Diego, I; Martin-Arias, LH; Rodríguez Pinilla, E, 1997)
" A recent clinical recommendation by a guidelines group of the Danish Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology advised against the use of clindamycin for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy to reduce the risk of spontaneous preterm birth based on lack of evidence of efficacy."	3.85	The treatment of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy with clindamycin to reduce the risk of infection-related preterm birth: a response to the Danish Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology guideline group's clinical recommendations. ( Jørgensen, JS; Keelan, JA; Lamont, RF; Larsson, PG, 2017)
" For this reason, the present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of octenidine dihydrochloride/phenoxyethanol (OHP) in comparison to antimicrobial therapies in pregnant women in hospital suffering from different types of vaginitis."	3.81	Study results on the use of different therapies for the treatment of vaginitis in hospitalised pregnant women. ( Novakov Mikić, A; Stojic, S, 2015)
" We measured biomarkers of subclinical vaginal inflammation, endogenous antimicrobial activity, and vaginal flora in women with BV and repeated sampling 1 week and 1 month after completion of metronidazole therapy."	3.81	Bacterial Vaginosis and Subclinical Markers of Genital Tract Inflammation and Mucosal Immunity. ( Anderson, S; Chandra, N; Cunningham, TD; Dawood, HY; Doncel, G; Fashemi, T; Fichorova, RN; Herold, B; Kimble, T; Mesquita, PM; Rabe, L; Schwartz, J; Thurman, AR, 2015)
"To evaluate the treatment of bacterial vaginosis with metronidazole to determine if there is a therapeutic regimen that is superior to all others with regard to cure and recurrence rates."	3.77	Comparison of different metronidazole therapeutic regimens for bacterial vaginosis. A meta-analysis. ( Green, M; Lugo-Miro, VI; Mazur, L, 1992)
"The purpose of this study was to determine if a change in the vaginal flora was associated with an increased risk of preterm birth, and to determine if metronidazole therapy before 32 weeks increased the risk of preterm birth."	3.73	Is a change in the vaginal flora associated with an increased risk of preterm birth? ( Carey, JC; Klebanoff, MA, 2005)
"Although vaginitis is a common outpatient problem, only 60% of patients can be diagnosed at the initial office visit of a primary care provider using the office procedures of pH testing, whiff tests, normal saline, and potassium hydroxide preps."	3.73	"Shotgun" versus sequential testing. Cost-effectiveness of diagnostic strategies for vaginitis. ( Carr, PL; Felsenstein, D; Friedman, RH; Pliskin, JS; Rothberg, MB, 2005)
" Only 12% of physicians prescribed oral metronidazole or clindamycin during the first trimester of pregnancy to treat BV."	3.72	Bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy: diagnosis and treatment practices of physicians in San Diego, California, 1999. ( Callahan, DB; Gunn, RA; Weinberg, M, 2003)
" This study was carried out to find out the prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) in antenatal women with vaginal discharge and the effect of treatment with Metronidazole gel on pregnancy outcome."	3.71	Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in antenatal women. ( Bibi, R; Kalyani, J; Mallika, M; Mathew, R, 2001)
"We evaluated the timing of initial antenatal visits to better characterize possible use of metronidazole or other antimicrobials for common reproductive tract infections in early pregnancy."	3.69	First antenatal visits and metronidazole. ( McGregor, JA; Roberts, AM, 1997)
"Lactic acid gel was associated with fewer reported side effects."	3.30	Intravaginal lactic acid gel versus oral metronidazole for treating women with recurrent bacterial vaginosis: the VITA randomised controlled trial. ( Abdali, Z; Anstey Watkins, J; Armstrong-Buisseret, LK; Brittain, C; Daniels, J; David, M; Dean, G; Griffiths, F; Hepburn, TM; Jackson, L; Kai, J; Manley, A; Montgomery, A; Ozolins, M; Ross, JDC, 2023)
"Lactic acid gel was less cost-effective than metronidazole."	3.11	Lactic acid gel versus metronidazole for recurrent bacterial vaginosis in women aged 16 years and over: the VITA RCT. ( Abdali, Z; Anstey Watkins, J; Armstrong-Buisseret, L; Brittain, C; Daniels, J; David, M; Dean, G; Griffiths, F; Hepburn, T; Jackson, L; Kai, J; Manley, A; Montgomery, A; Ozolins, M; Ross, JD, 2022)
"BackgroundBacterial vaginosis (BV) causes genital inflammation and increases HIV risk, whereas a vaginal microbiota dominated by Lactobacillus species is associated with immune quiescence and relative HIV protection."	3.11	Metronidazole treatment rapidly reduces genital inflammation through effects on bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria rather than lactobacilli. ( Armstrong, E; Burke, KE; Castañeda, GR; Coburn, B; Cohen, CR; Crawford, ED; Hemmerling, A; Huibner, S; Kaul, R; Kulikova, M; Liu, R; Miller, S; Morris, SR; Nagelkerke, N; Newmann, SJ; Reno, H, 2022)
"Twenty four adult women with confirmed bacterial vaginosis received the investigational product for self-administration on days 0, 2, 4, and 6 and were assessed on day 7."	3.01	A novel non-antimicrobial treatment of bacterial vaginosis: An open label two-private centre study. ( Cardell, M; Gunnarsson, OS; Latham-Cork, HC; Säfholm, A; Strevens, H; Thornton, JG; Walker, KF, 2021)
"Secnidazole was generally well tolerated."	3.01	Efficacy and Safety of Single Oral Dosing of Secnidazole for Trichomoniasis in Women: Results of a Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Delayed-Treatment Study. ( Arbuckle, J; Carter, BA; Chavoustie, SE; Eder, S; Graves, KJ; Kaufman, G; Lazenby, GB; McMahon, CP; Mena, LA; Muzny, CA; Nyirjesy, P; Pandey, B; Schwebke, JR; Shaw, J; Van Gerwen, OT, 2021)
" Currently recommended treatments require extended dosing and are thus associated with poor adherence."	2.94	An Integrated Efficacy and Safety Analysis of Single-Dose Secnidazole 2 g in the Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis. ( Adetoro, N; Levy, S; Pentikis, H; Tipping, D, 2020)
"Bacterial vaginosis affects 15 to 50% of women of reproductive age, and recurrence is common after treatment with an antibiotic agent."	2.94	Randomized Trial of Lactin-V to Prevent Recurrence of Bacterial Vaginosis. ( Cohen, CR; French, AL; Green, L; Hemmerling, A; Miller, S; Morris, S; Newmann, S; Parks, T; Powell, J; Reno, H; Wierzbicki, MR, 2020)
"The percent of bacterial vaginosis treatment was in 33(82."	2.94	The effect of Quercus (Oak Gal) vaginal cream versus metronidazole vaginal gel on bacterial vaginosis: A double‑blind randomized controlled trial. ( Abbaspoor, Z; Afzali, E; Farajzadeh, A; Haghighi-Zadeh, MH; Siahposh, A, 2020)
"The primary outcome is BV recurrence defined as ≥3 Amsel criteria and NS = 4-10 within 12 weeks of enrolment."	2.94	Treating male partners of women with bacterial vaginosis (StepUp): a protocol for a randomised controlled trial to assess the clinical effectiveness of male partner treatment for reducing the risk of BV recurrence. ( Bateson, D; Bradshaw, CS; Chow, EPF; Donovan, B; Doyle, M; Fairley, CK; Hocking, JS; Law, MG; McGuiness, C; Petoumenos, K; Plummer, EL; Vodstrcil, LA, 2020)
"To reduce acquisition and relapse of bacterial vaginosis (BV), lactobacilli must be maintained in the vaginal microbiome."	2.90	An exploratory pilot study evaluating the supplementation of standard antibiotic therapy with probiotic lactobacilli in south African women with bacterial vaginosis. ( Andersen, KK; Brandsborg, E; Gray, G; Laher, F; Larsson, PG; Marcotte, H; Mikkelsen, LS; Otwombe, K; Zuo, F, 2019)
"'Metronidazole Versus lactic acId for Treating bacterial vAginosis' (VITA) is a UK-based randomised controlled trial assessing clinical and cost-effectiveness of topical lactic acid gel compared to oral metronidazole antibiotic for treating second and subsequent BV episodes."	2.90	Acceptability of and treatment preferences for recurrent bacterial vaginosis-Topical lactic acid gel or oral metronidazole antibiotic: Qualitative findings from the VITA trial. ( Anstey Watkins, J; Brittain, C; Griffiths, F; Kai, J; Ross, JDC; Thandi, S, 2019)
"The relationship between bacterial vaginosis (BV) and preterm delivery has become well known in recent years, although there are few studies on: (i) the differences in test results during the early gestational (EGP) and middle gestational (MGP) periods; (ii) the significance of the intermediate (I) group that does not develop overt BV; or (iii) the therapeutic effects of metronidazole."	2.90	Association between preterm delivery and bacterial vaginosis with or without treatment. ( Doh, K; Kotani, Y; Mandai, M; Matsumura, N; Shimaoka, M; Suzuki, A; Tsuji, I; Yo, Y, 2019)
" The most frequently reported treatment-emergent adverse events with SYM-1219 were headache, dizziness, and nausea."	2.87	Thorough QT/QTc Evaluation of the Cardiac Safety of Secnidazole at Therapeutic and Supratherapeutic Doses in Healthy Individuals. ( Adetoro, N; Darpo, B; Matthews, BG; Pentikis, HS; Xue, H, 2018)
"Bacterial vaginosis is a change in the normal vaginal bacterial flora that leads to loss of hydrogen peroxide producing lactobacilli and overgrowth of predominantly anaerobic bacteria."	2.87	The effect of prebiotic vaginal gel with adjuvant oral metronidazole tablets on treatment and recurrence of bacterial vaginosis: a triple-blind randomized controlled study. ( Abbasalizadeh, S; Dehghan, P; Farhan, F; Farshbaf-Khalili, A; Hakimi, S; Javadzadeh, Y; Khalvati, B, 2018)
" Standard 5- to 7-day antimicrobial treatments for BV are associated with high rates of recurrence and adverse events."	2.87	Two Phase 1, Open-Label, Single-Dose, Randomized, Crossover Studies to Assess the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Orally Administered Granules of Secnidazole (2 g) in Healthy Female Volunteers Under Different Administration Conditions. ( Adetoro, N; Pentikis, HS, 2018)
" The overall number of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) was 95 (29."	2.87	A Phase 3, Multicenter, Prospective, Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Safety of a Single Dose of Secnidazole 2 g for the Treatment of Women and Postmenarchal Adolescent Girls with Bacterial Vaginosis. ( Chavoustie, SE; Gersten, JK; Samuel, MJ; Schwebke, JR, 2018)
"However, bacterial vaginosis can alter treatment efficacy in HIV-infected women, and single-dose metronidazole treatment might not always clear infection."	2.87	Single-dose versus 7-day-dose metronidazole for the treatment of trichomoniasis in women: an open-label, randomised controlled trial. ( Augostini, P; Beauchamps, L; Bradic, M; Carlton, JM; Kissinger, P; Lillis, RA; Martin, DH; Mena, LA; Muzny, CA; Myers, L; Schmidt, N; Schwebke, JR; Secor, WE; Taylor, SN, 2018)
" Adverse events considered by the investigator to be related to study drug occurred in only 20."	2.84	A phase-3, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effectiveness and safety of single oral doses of secnidazole 2 g for the treatment of women with bacterial vaginosis. ( Koltun, W; Morgan, FG; Nyirjesy, P; Schwebke, JR, 2017)
"Coadministration of SYM-1219 and EE2/NET, either on the same day or 1 day apart, had no clinically relevant effects on the bioavailability of EE2 or NET."	2.84	Lack of a Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between SYM-1219 Granules Containing 2 Grams of Secnidazole and a Combined Oral Contraceptive in a Phase 1, Randomized, Open-Label Study in Healthy Female Volunteers. ( Adetoro, N; Braun, CJ; Pentikis, HS, 2017)
"Van Gerwen."	2.82	Secnidazole for Trichomoniasis in Women and Men. ( Muzny, CA; Van Gerwen, OT, 2022)
"Bacterial vaginosis is associated with increased transmission of sexually transmitted infections, preterm labor, post-surgical infections, and endometritis."	2.80	BASIC study: is intravaginal boric acid non-inferior to metronidazole in symptomatic bacterial vaginosis? Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. ( Trouton, KM; Zeron Mullins, M, 2015)
" No serious adverse events were reported, and incidence was similar across treatment groups."	2.80	A Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Vehicle-Controlled Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Metronidazole Vaginal Gel 1.3% in the Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis. ( Beelen, AP; Marrazzo, J; Schwebke, JR; Sobel, JD, 2015)
"It can be used as a drug for treatment of bacterial vaginosis and elimination of clinical symptoms of Trichomonas vaginitis."	2.80	Comparison of the Effect of Vaginal Zataria multiflora Cream and Oral Metronidazole Pill on Results of Treatments for Vaginal Infections including Trichomoniasis and Bacterial Vaginosis in Women of Reproductive Age. ( Abdali, K; Amooee, S; Bekhradi, R; Jahed, L; Tabatabaee, H; Zarshenas, M, 2015)
"In the study, 533 patients with bacterial vaginosis were randomly divided into two groups, which included 214 cases in the control group (5."	2.80	[Sucrose gel for treatment of bacterial vaginosis: a randomized, double-blind, multi-center, parallel-group, phase III clinical trial]. ( Chen, R; Liao, QP; Pang, YC; Shi, HR; Wang, HL; Xiao, BB; Xin, XR; Yao, C; Zhang, D; Zhu, SN, 2015)
"BV recurrence was not reduced by vitamin D supplementation (intention-to-treat hazard ratio, 1."	2.79	A blinded, randomized controlled trial of high-dose vitamin D supplementation to reduce recurrence of bacterial vaginosis. ( Anderson, J; Carr Reese, P; Davis, JA; Ervin, M; Fichorova, RN; Fields, KS; Jackson, RD; Klebanoff, MA; Roberts, MW; Turner, AN, 2014)
"Women (n = 539) with bacterial vaginosis who meet the criteria were included in the study."	2.78	[Efficacy of combined 5-nitroimidazole and probiotic therapy of bacterial vaginosis: randomized open trial]. ( Kovachev, S; Vatcheva-Dobrevski, R, 2013)
"381 (100%) women with bacterial vaginitis are included in the research."	2.78	[Probiotic monotherapy of bacterial vaginosis: a open, randomized trial]. ( Dobrevski-Vacheva, R; Kovachev, S, 2013)
"Bacterial vaginosis is a condition of unknown etiology, associated with an imbalance of the normal vaginal microbiota, characterized by a high recurrence rate despite of classical therapy solutions."	2.78	Probiotics--a helpful additional therapy for bacterial vaginosis. ( Bodean, O; Cirstoiu, C; Cirstoiu, M; Munteanu, O; Secara, D, 2013)
"Bacterial vaginosis (BV) recurrence posttreatment is common."	2.78	Recurrence of bacterial vaginosis is significantly associated with posttreatment sexual activities and hormonal contraceptive use. ( Bradshaw, CS; De Guingand, D; Fairley, CK; Garland, SM; Hocking, JS; Law, M; Morton, AN; Pirotta, M; Vodstrcil, LA, 2013)
"Treatment with metronidazole reduced the taxa diversity and eradicated most of the BV-associated phylotypes, while probiotics only suppressed the overgrowth and re-established vaginal homeostasis gradually and steadily."	2.78	The restoration of the vaginal microbiota after treatment for bacterial vaginosis with metronidazole or probiotics. ( Chen, W; Huang, S; Li, L; Ling, Z; Liu, X; Luo, Y; Nelson, KE; Wang, Y; Xia, Y; Xiang, C; Yuan, J; Yuan, L; Zhang, S, 2013)
"Primary outcome was BV recurrence (NS of 7-10) on self-collected vaginal-swabs over 6-months."	2.77	Efficacy of oral metronidazole with vaginal clindamycin or vaginal probiotic for bacterial vaginosis: randomised placebo-controlled double-blind trial. ( Bradshaw, CS; De Guingand, D; Fairley, CK; Fehler, G; Garland, SM; Hocking, JS; Morrow, A; Morton, AN; Pirotta, M; Vodstrcil, LA; Walker, S, 2012)
"There were no differences in cure rates between metronidazole and either of the tinidazole dosing regimens that were studied."	2.76	Tinidazole vs metronidazole for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. ( Desmond, RA; Schwebke, JR, 2011)
"In conclusion, the cure rate for bacterial vaginosis using a vaginal gel from a pepper tree extract was lower than the rate obtained with metronidazole gel, while side effects were infrequent and non-severe in both groups."	2.76	Randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy of the vaginal use of metronidazole with a Brazilian pepper tree (Schinus) extract for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. ( Amorim, MM; Ferreira, JA; Leite, SR; Leite, TN; Sereno, PF; Ximenes, RA, 2011)
"Uncomplicated pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a common disease caused by numerous pathogens: sexually transmitted infections (such as Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma genitalium), anaerobes, and other organisms from the vaginal flora."	2.74	Levofloxacin plus metronidazole in uncomplicated pelvic inflammatory disease: a preliminary study. ( Judlin, P; Thiebaugeorges, O, 2009)
" In addition, the number and the type of adverse events induced by the two regimens were compared, assuming better tolerability of the intravaginal application."	2.73	Intravaginally applied metronidazole is as effective as orally applied in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis, but exhibits significantly less side effects. ( Abels, C; Brandt, M; Hoyme, UB; Lohmann, K; May, T; Schmidts-Winkler, I, 2008)
"Eighty-four patients with bacterial vaginosis diagnosed according to Amsel's criteria were randomized to receive either oral metronidazole 500 mg twice a day for seven days, or one vaginal tablet containing freeze-dried Lactobacillus rhamnosus once a week at bedtime for two months starting one week after the last antibiotic administration."	2.73	Effectiveness of vaginal administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus following conventional metronidazole therapy: how to lower the rate of bacterial vaginosis recurrences. ( Bertini, M; Calzolari, E; Marcone, V, 2008)
"PCR was used to survey bacterial vaginosis flora before and after metronidazole treatment."	2.73	Cultivation-independent analysis of changes in bacterial vaginosis flora following metronidazole treatment. ( Ferris, MJ; Martin, DH; Norori, J; Zozaya-Hinchliffe, M, 2007)
"The primary end points were bacterial vaginosis (BV), vaginal candidiasis, trichomoniasis vaginalis (hereafter, "trichomoniasis"), and colonization with Lactobacillus organisms."	2.73	Improvement of vaginal health for Kenyan women at risk for acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: results of a randomized trial. ( Baeten, JM; Chohan, V; Hassan, WM; Holmes, KK; Jaoko, W; Kiarie, J; Kurth, AE; Lavreys, L; Mandaliya, K; McClelland, RS; Ndinya-Achola, JO; Richardson, BA, 2008)
"Of 157 eligible women with recurrent bacterial vaginosis, 112 of 127 returning evaluable women (88."	2.72	Suppressive antibacterial therapy with 0.75% metronidazole vaginal gel to prevent recurrent bacterial vaginosis. ( Ferris, D; Hillier, SL; Nyirjesy, P; Ohmit, SE; Peipert, J; Schwebke, J; Sobel, JD; Soper, D; Wiesenfeld, HC, 2006)
"142 patients diagnosed as having bacterial vaginosis were randomly allocated into two groups."	2.71	Single hydrogen peroxide vaginal douching versus single-dose oral metronidazole for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis: a randomized controlled trial. ( Chaithongwongwatthana, S; Limpongsanurak, S; Sitthi-Amorn, C, 2003)
"Women with asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis on Gram stain were assigned randomly at 16 to 23 weeks of gestation to receive two 2-g doses of metronidazole or placebo 48 hours apart and were re-evaluated for changes in Gram stain score on one occasion > or =2 weeks later."	2.71	Time course of the regression of asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy with and without treatment. ( Carey, JC; Dombrowski, MP; Hauth, JC; Heine, RP; Iams, JD; Klebanoff, MA; MacPherson, CA; Miodovnik, M; Moawad, A; Sibai, BM; vanDorsten, JP; Wapner, RJ, 2004)
"Treatment of bacterial vaginosis with clindamycin is associated with marked evidence of antimicrobial resistance among vaginal anaerobic bacteria."	2.71	Antimicrobial resistance associated with the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. ( Austin, MN; Beigi, RH; Hillier, SL; Krohn, MA; Meyn, LA, 2004)
"To determine whether bacterial vaginosis could be cured with a single 1-g oral dose of secnidazole."	2.71	Low-dose secnidazole in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. ( Gómez, G; Núñez, JT, 2005)
" Yet, side effects have been reported, and dosage as well as duration of therapy are still controversial."	2.70	Local treatment of bacterial vaginosis with a bioadhesive metronidazole tablet. ( Casteels, M; Remon, JP; Temmerman, M; Voorspoels, J, 2002)
"To evaluate the effect of treatment of bacterial vaginosis with the product Arilin rapid containing vaginal Metronidazole in high doses and a following vaginal application of lactic acid in a part of the patients."	2.70	[Treatment of bacterial vaginosis with high dosage metronidazole and lactic acid]. ( Andreeva, P; Kovachev, S; Nacheva, A; Slavchev, B; Vacheva, R, 2002)
"Eighty-nine women with either bacterial vaginosis, Trichomonas vaginalis, or both, who also had a positive fetal fibronectin test result were randomized to two courses of metronidazole treatment as part of a Maternal-Fetal Medicine Network Units study of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development."	2.70	Metronidazole treatment of women with a positive fetal fibronectin test result. ( Carey, JC; Goldenberg, RL; Klebanoff, M; Macpherson, C, 2001)
"To assess the efficacy of treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV) using metronidazole to reduce preterm labour in primigravidae and multigravidae with previous midtrimester abortion or preterm labour."	2.70	Preterm labour--is bacterial vaginosis involved? ( Grové, D; Odendaal, HJ; Popov, I; Schoeman, J; Smith, M, 2002)
"Prevalence rates: C."	2.69	A randomised comparison of strategies for reducing infective complications of induced abortion. ( Imrie, M; McKenzie, H; Norman, J; Penney, GC; Smith, R; Thomson, M; Vale, L, 1998)
"Once-daily dosing of 0."	2.69	Comparison of once-daily and twice-daily dosing of 0.75% metronidazole gel in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. ( Blackwelder, T; Fenner, DE; Ismail, M; Lappin, M; Livengood, CH; Long, BJ; Martens, MG; Nelson, AL; Sagov, S; Sheehan, KL; Soper, DE; Sweet, RL; Thorp, JM, 1999)
"The most cost-effective treatment for bacterial vaginosis was generic metronidazole."	2.69	Oral metronidazole vs. Metrogel Vaginal for treating bacterial vaginosis. Cost-effectiveness evaluation. ( Greenberg, R; McComish, JF; Ransom, SB; Tolford, DA, 1999)
"Treatment with metronidazole did not reduce the occurrence of preterm labor, intraamniotic or postpartum infections, neonatal sepsis, or admission of the infant to the neonatal intensive care unit."	2.69	Metronidazole to prevent preterm delivery in pregnant women with asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Network of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units. ( Carey, JC; Ernest, JM; Fischer, ML; Hauth, JC; Heine, RP; Hillier, SL; Klebanoff, MA; Leveno, KJ; Nugent, RP; Thom, EA; Varner, M; Wapner, R, 2000)
"Bacterial vaginosis was eradicated in 93% of women using intravaginal clindamycin and in 87% of women using intravaginal metronidazole."	2.69	[Therapeutic regimens for treating bacterial vaginosis in pregnant women]. ( Borisov, I; Dimitrova, V; Mazneĭkova, V; Shopova, E, 1999)
"Women with bacterial vaginosis received either 100-mg ovules of clindamycin (intravaginally for 3 consecutive days) plus placebo capsules (orally twice daily for 7 days) or metronidazole 500 mg (two 250-mg capsules orally twice daily for 7 days) plus placebo ovules (intravaginally for 3 consecutive days)."	2.69	Vaginal clindamycin and oral metronidazole for bacterial vaginosis: a randomized trial. ( Mangioni, C; Martin, MA; Paavonen, J; Wajszczuk, CP, 2000)
"Half of all women with bacterial vaginosis are free of symptoms, and treatment of these women is controversial."	2.69	Asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis: response to therapy. ( Schwebke, JR, 2000)
"Treatment with metronidazole and erythromycin reduced rates of premature delivery in women with bacterial vaginosis and an increased risk for preterm delivery."	2.68	Reduced incidence of preterm delivery with metronidazole and erythromycin in women with bacterial vaginosis. ( Andrews, WW; Copper, RL; DuBard, MB; Goldenberg, RL; Hauth, JC, 1995)
"Treatment options for bacterial vaginosis are numerous."	2.68	Treatment of bacterial vaginosis: a comparison of oral metronidazole, metronidazole vaginal gel, and clindamycin vaginal cream. ( Ferris, DG; Hendrich, J; Litaker, MS; Mathis, D; Woodward, L, 1995)
"Duration of subjective symptoms, recurrence of symptoms, clinically diagnosed cure, adverse events."	2.67	Effect of lactic acid suppositories compared with oral metronidazole and placebo in bacterial vaginosis: a randomised clinical trial. ( Bezemer, PD; Boeke, AJ; Dekker, JH; Kostense, PJ; van Eijk, JT, 1993)
"Treatment with metronidazole was successful (< or = two clinical signs of bacterial vaginosis) in eight of 10 cases of erythromycin treatment failure."	2.67	Erythromycin versus metronidazole in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. ( Holst, E; Hovelius, B; Mårdh, PA; Wathne, B, 1993)
"Fifty-three women with bacterial vaginosis (clue cells of at least 20% plus vaginal pH of at least 4."	2.67	Efficacy of intravaginal 0.75% metronidazole gel for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. ( Briselden, AM; Eschenbach, DA; Hillier, SL; Lipinski, C, 1993)
"Bacterial vaginosis is common among patients seen by gynecologists."	2.67	Clindamycin vaginal cream versus oral metronidazole in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis: a prospective double-blind clinical trial. ( Andres, FJ; Benrubi, GI; Hosein, I; Parker, R, 1992)
"Vaginitis is one of the most common causes of patient visits to gynecologists, primary care providers, and urgent care centers."	2.66	Noncandidal vaginitis: a comprehensive approach to diagnosis and management. ( Eckert, LO; Kus, LH; Neal, CM; Peipert, JF, 2020)
"Accuracy of screening tests for bacterial vaginosis varies."	2.66	Screening for Bacterial Vaginosis in Pregnant Adolescents and Women to Prevent Preterm Delivery: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. ( Berkman, N; Clark, R; Kahwati, LC; Patel, SV; Urrutia, R; Viswanathan, M; Zeng, J, 2020)
" Besides, the development of formulation strategies and new dosage forms and drug delivery systems can improve treatment efficacy and overcome some limitations associated with conventional products."	2.66	Bacterial vaginosis: Standard treatments and alternative strategies. ( Martinez-de-Oliveira, J; Palmeira-de-Oliveira, A; Palmeira-de-Oliveira, R; Simões, S; Tomás, M, 2020)
"Some reasons for recurrence include the persistence of residual infection, resistance, and possibly reinfection from either male or female partners."	2.61	Characterization and Treatment of Recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis. ( Faught, BM; Reyes, S, 2019)
"Secnidazole 2 g was not different from metronidazole (500 mg bid for 5 days), or from secnidazole plus vaginal metronidazole, or 2 g single dose of oral metronidazole or from 2 g secnidazole plus vaginal ornidazole."	2.61	Secnidazole for treatment of bacterial vaginosis: a systematic review. ( Abd El Aziz, MA; Abedi, P; Jahanfar, S; Judge, HM; Sharifipour, F, 2019)
" The extracted outcomes were the clinical cure and adverse effects."	2.61	Efficacy and safety of single dose of oral secnidazole 2 g in treatment of bacterial vaginosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Abbas, AM; Badawy, MM; Elghazaly, SM; Hamam, KM; Samy, A; Yakoub Agha, NA, 2019)
"The following keywords were used: bacterial vaginosis and treatment or management or therapy or prophylaxis or prevention."	2.50	Treatment of bacterial vaginosis: what we have and what we miss. ( Donders, GG; Rezeberga, D; Zodzika, J, 2014)
"Metronidazole is a treatment of choice for several types of infections, but coexisting conditions or concomitant medications may preclude its use."	2.48	What would we do without metronidazole? ( Gandy, CL; Henderson, H; Riche, DM; Stover, KR, 2012)
"Most patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis are diagnosed by the presence of vulvar inflammation plus vaginal discharge or with microscopic examination of vaginal secretions in 10 percent potassium hydroxide solution."	2.47	Vaginitis. ( Gibson, MV; Hainer, BL, 2011)
"Bacterial vaginosis is a common condition that recurs frequently, adversely affecting women's lives, and is associated with complications including increased risk of sexually transmitted infections, HIV, and adverse pregnancy outcome."	2.45	Recurrent bacterial vaginosis. ( Hay, P, 2009)
"Tinidazole has been used for vaginal infection worldwide but not in the US for > 40 years."	2.44	Tinidazole for the treatment of vaginal infections. ( Nailor, MD; Sobel, JD, 2007)
"Bacterial vaginosis is associated with infectious complications in pregnant and non-pregnant women and increasing risk of STI."	2.44	[The bacterial vaginosis--treatment problems]. ( Ekiel, AM; Martirosian, G; Romanik, MK; Tomana, L, 2007)
"Whether bacterial vaginosis (BV) is acquired from an endogenous or an exogenous source is subject to controversy."	2.43	Bacterial vaginosis. Transmission, role in genital tract infection and pregnancy outcome: an enigma. ( Bergström, M; Forsum, U; Jacobsson, B; Larsson, PG; Strand, A; Wölner-Hanssen, P, 2005)
"Metronidazole treatment of women with trichomoniasis significantly increased the risk of preterm birth compared to placebo."	2.42	What have we learned about vaginal infections and preterm birth? ( Carey, JC; Klebanoff, MA, 2003)
"Treatment of asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis or T."	2.41	Bacterial vaginosis and other asymptomatic vaginal infections in pregnancy. ( Carey, JC; Klebanoff, MA, 2001)
"The diagnosis and management of bacterial vaginosis are discussed, including the role of the nurse and midwife in testing and treatment."	2.41	Identifying and managing bacterial vaginosis. ( Young, F, 2002)
"Bacterial vaginosis is also associated with preterm delivery in certain risk groups, such as women with a history of preterm birth or of low maternal weight."	2.41	Treatment of sexually transmitted bacterial diseases in pregnant women. ( Donders, GG, 2000)
"Vaginitis is a common gynecologic disorder that is responsible for 10 million office visits to physicians each year."	2.41	Vaginitis: meeting the clinical challenge. ( Quan, M, 2000)
"Bacterial vaginosis is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes across all gestational ages."	2.41	Bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy. ( Ugwumadu, AH, 2002)
"Bacterial vaginosis is the most common cause of vaginal discharge."	2.40	Bacterial vaginosis: an update. ( Majeroni, BA, 1998)
"Here we discuss bacterial vaginosis, which often goes unrecognised despite being the cause of 40-50% of vaginal infections."	2.40	Management of bacterial vaginosis. ( , 1998)
"Bacterial vaginosis is the most prevalent infectious cause of vaginitis."	2.40	Should sexual partners of women with bacterial vaginosis receive treatment? ( Potter, J, 1999)
"The importance for screening for bacterial vaginosis is pointed out especially before intrauterine procedures and in pregnant women at risk for premature deliveries."	2.40	[Current treatment of bacterial vaginosis]. ( Borisov, I, 1999)
"We reviewed data on the treatment of bacterial vaginosis published from 1989 through 1992 (articles published after the 1989 publication of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines)."	2.39	Bacterial vaginosis: review of treatment options and potential clinical indications for therapy. ( Joesoef, MR; Schmid, GP, 1995)
"Studies addressing the complications of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy, the risk of treatment in pregnancy, and the method of transmission of the disease also were reviewed."	2.39	Treatment of bacterial vaginosis. ( Schlicht, JR, 1994)
" in patients with intestinal amoebiasis or giardiasis, clinical or parasistological cure rates of 80 to 100% are achieved after treatment with a single dose of secnidazole 2g (30 mg/kg in children), similar to the response rates achieved with multiple dosage regimens of metronidazole or tinidazole."	2.39	Secnidazole. A review of its antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use in the management of protozoal infections and bacterial vaginosis. ( Gillis, JC; Wiseman, LR, 1996)
"Assessment of clinical trials on the treatment of bacterial vaginosis with regimens other than 5 to 7 days of metronidazole."	2.38	New approaches for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. ( Sweet, RL, 1993)
"Metronidazole has proven to be a useful and inexpensive antibiotic for the treatment of T."	2.38	Metronidazole. ( Hager, WD; Rapp, RP, 1992)
"Bacterial vaginosis is a definable clinical entity whose exact origin is unknown."	2.38	Bacterial vaginosis: current review with indications for asymptomatic therapy. ( Gelbart, SM; Scaglione, NJ; Thomason, JL, 1991)
"Of the 28 women, 25% failed to clear bacterial vaginosis; 35."	1.72	Recurrent bacterial vaginosis following metronidazole treatment is associated with microbiota richness at diagnosis. ( Alcaide, M; Chandra, N; Doncel, GF; Fichorova, R; Gale, M; Gustin, AT; Klatt, NR; Schifanella, L; Thurman, AR, 2022)
"Trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity."	1.72	Secnidazole: a treatment for trichomoniasis in adolescents and adults. ( Legendre, D; Muzny, CA; Van Gerwen, OT, 2022)
"The standard treatment for bacterial vaginosis (BV) with oral metronidazole is often ineffective, and recurrence rates are high among African women."	1.62	Temporal Changes in Vaginal Microbiota and Genital Tract Cytokines Among South African Women Treated for Bacterial Vaginosis. ( Abdool Karim, Q; Abdool Karim, SS; Balle, C; de Oliveira, T; Garrett, N; Giandhari, J; Jaspan, HB; Liebenberg, LJP; Mindel, A; Mngomezulu, K; Mtshali, A; Mzobe, G; Ngcapu, S; Onywera, H; Osman, F; Passmore, JS; Ravel, J; Rompalo, A; San, JE, 2021)
"It could be an excellent alternative to treat bacterial vaginosis and also improve user adherence."	1.62	Development of a xanthan gum film for the possible treatment of vaginal infections. ( Caballero-Florán, IH; Cortés, H; Del Prado-Audelo, MAL; Figueroa-González, G; Giraldo-Gomez, DM; González-Del Carmen, M; González-Torres, M; Leyva-Gómez, G; Reyes-Hernández, OD; Sharifi-Rad, J; Villar-Padilla, A, 2021)
"Bacterial vaginosis is a prevalent women's health issue that affects millions of women worldwide every year; however, current treatments are often messy, inconvenient, and ineffective."	1.62	Mucoadhesive hyaluronic acid-based films for vaginal delivery of metronidazole. ( Gerton, ML; Mann, BK, 2021)
"Metronidazole was found to be effective in preventing preterm births when used in conjunction with other antibiotics."	1.62	The safety of metronidazole in pregnancy. ( Bloom, K; Nwosu, OC, 2021)
"Recurrence of bacterial vaginosis (RBV) is a major challenge to effective therapy."	1.62	Recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis: An Unmet Therapeutic Challenge. Experience With a Combination Pharmacotherapy Long-Term Suppressive Regimen. ( Akins, R; Sobel, JD; Surapaneni, S, 2021)
"Metronidazole was effectively included in the alginate/chitosan membrane and its bactericide effect was demonstrated against Staphylococcus aureus and Gardnerella vaginalis, simultaneously showing good biocompatibility with a cervix epithelial cell line."	1.56	Long lasting mucoadhesive membrane based on alginate and chitosan for intravaginal drug delivery. ( Almdal, K; Boisen, A; Bose Goswami, S; Demarchi, D; Marsich, E; Sacco, P; Siccardi, G; Tentor, F, 2020)
"Bacterial vaginosis is a condition associated with adverse reproductive outcomes and characterized by a shift from a Lactobacillus-dominant vaginal microbiota to a polymicrobial microbiota, consistently colonized by strains of Gardnerella vaginalis."	1.56	Quantitative modeling predicts mechanistic links between pre-treatment microbiome composition and metronidazole efficacy in bacterial vaginosis. ( Arnold, KB; Cheu, RK; Doncel, GF; France, MT; Gustin, AT; Hampel, B; Klatt, NR; Lee, CY; Lemke, MM; Ravel, J; Thurman, AR, 2020)
"40% P<0."	1.56	Efficacy and safety of a novel vaginal medical device in recurrent bacterial vaginosis: a multicenter clinical trial. ( Ardolino, LI; Barattini, DF; Biriș, M; Casolati, E; Crișan, C; Murina, F; Sîrbu, D, 2020)
"Both factors are modulated by bacterial vaginosis (BV) and, to some extent, by Lactobacillus iners, the genital Lactobacillus spp."	1.51	Impact of Standard Bacterial Vaginosis Treatment on the Genital Microbiota, Immune Milieu, and Ex Vivo Human Immunodeficiency Virus Susceptibility. ( Anzala, O; Dizzell, S; Gajer, P; Huibner, S; Humphrys, M; Joag, V; Kaul, R; Kaushic, C; Kimani, J; Mureithi, M; Obila, O; Oyugi, J; Ravel, J; Scott, MC; Shahabi, K; Shannon, B; Tharao, W, 2019)
"Following all forms of therapy for bacterial vaginosis (BV), recurrence rates are extremely high."	1.51	Prognostic Indicators of Recurrence of Bacterial Vaginosis. ( Aguin, T; Akins, RA; Boikov, D; Gill, G; Kaur, N; Sobel, JD; Woznicki, NA, 2019)
"Secnidazole is a next-generation 5-nitroimidazole approved for more than three decades in Europe, Asia, South America and Africa and recently in the USA as a single-dose (2 g) treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV)."	1.48	Secnidazole: next-generation antimicrobial agent for bacterial vaginosis treatment. ( Nyirjesy, P; Schwebke, JR, 2018)
"Antibiotic resistance and recurrence of bacterial vaginosis (BV), a polymicrobial infection, justify the need for novel antimicrobials to counteract microbial resistance to conventional antibiotics."	1.46	Gemini Cationic Amphiphiles Control Biofilm Formation by Bacterial Vaginosis Pathogens. ( Algburi, A; Chikindas, ML; Comito, N; Pinto, J; Uhrich, KE; Weeks, R; Zehm, S; Zhang, Y, 2017)
"Metronidazole is a front-line therapy for BV, and treatment failure and recurrent disease are common problems."	1.43	Identification of intrinsically metronidazole-resistant clades of Gardnerella vaginalis. ( Adelson, ME; Gygax, SE; Hilbert, DW; Mordechai, E; Schuyler, JA; Sobel, JD, 2016)
"Women who tested positive for bacterial vaginosis (Nugent classification) were offered oral metronidazole."	1.43	Cervicovaginal bacterial count and failure of metronidazole therapy for bacterial vaginosis. ( Ferreira, CS; Golim, MA; Luchiari, HR; Marconi, C; Silva, MG, 2016)
"Vulvovaginal candidiasis affects 75% of women at least once."	1.42	Vulvovaginitis: screening for and management of trichomoniasis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and bacterial vaginosis. ( van Schalkwyk, J; Yudin, MH, 2015)
"Bacterial vaginosis is present when the Nugent score is ≥7 and the modified Amsel criteria is positive."	1.40	Molecular analysis of the relationship between specific vaginal bacteria and bacterial vaginosis metronidazole therapy failure. ( Liao, Q; Na, RS; Nu, XX; Shang, CG; Wang, B; Wang, K; Xiao, BB, 2014)
"Metronidazole, drug of choice for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis, loaded bigels showed diffusion-mediated drug release."	1.40	Preparation and characterization of novel carbopol based bigels for topical delivery of metronidazole for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. ( Anis, A; Banerjee, I; Bhattacharya, MK; Pal, K; Pramanik, K; Singh, VK, 2014)
"Bacterial vaginosis is a highly prevalent and poorly understood polymicrobial disorder of the vaginal microbiota, with significant adverse sequelae."	1.39	DNase inhibits Gardnerella vaginalis biofilms in vitro and in vivo. ( Hymes, SR; Randis, TM; Ratner, AJ; Sun, TY, 2013)
"The multifactorial etiology of bacterial vaginosis (BV) impedes development of effective treatment and prevention strategies."	1.38	Recalcitrance of bacterial vaginosis among herpes-simplex-virus-type-2-seropositive women. ( Cherpes, TL; Cosentino, LA; Kant, JA; Landsittel, D; Reighard, SD; Stoner, KA; Vicetti Miguel, RD, 2012)
"Twenty women with bacterial vaginosis were treated with 400 mg moxifloxacin for 5 days."	1.37	Response of Gardnerella vaginalis biofilm to 5 days of moxifloxacin treatment. ( Dörffel, Y; Loening-Baucke, V; Mendling, W; Schilling, J; Swidsinski, A, 2011)
"Bacterial vaginosis is characterized by a shift of the physiological flora to a diverse spectrum of bacteria, where Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium vaginae are the most important markers."	1.37	In vitro activity of nifuratel on vaginal bacteria: could it be a good candidate for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis? ( Battini, V; Bulgheroni, A; Caserini, M; Mailland, F; Mendling, W; Togni, G, 2011)
"In women with bacterial vaginosis, intermediate flora and normal flora, the conception rates were 35% (9/26), 42% (14/33) and 58% (7/12), respectively (p = 0."	1.37	Effective of metronidazole to bacterial flora in vagina and the impact of microbes on live birth rate during intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). ( Alasbahi, AA; Aziz, MH; El Alfy, SM; Mohamed, HM; Selim, SA, 2011)
"The study shows that aggressive treatment of the patient with antibiotics combined with specific Lactobacillus strain administration and partner treatment can provide long lasting cure."	1.37	Extended antimicrobial treatment of bacterial vaginosis combined with human lactobacilli to find the best treatment and minimize the risk of relapses. ( Andersen, KK; Brandsborg, E; Forsum, U; Hammarström, L; Larsson, PG; Marcotte, H; Nasic, S; Pendharkar, S, 2011)
""Neither test nor treat patients for bacterial vaginosis" and "no surgical site infection prophylaxis or bacterial vaginosis treatment" were more expensive and less effective than other strategies."	1.37	Preoperative screening strategies for bacterial vaginosis prior to elective hysterectomy: a cost comparison study. ( Havrilesky, LJ; McElligott, KA; Myers, ER, 2011)
"Bacterial vaginosis is a polymicrobial syndrome."	1.36	In vitro activity of secnidazole against Atopobium vaginae, an anaerobic pathogen involved in bacterial vaginosis. ( Acar, J; Brauman, M; De Backer, E; Dubreuil, L; Vaneechoutte, M, 2010)
"Metronidazole treatment reduced the microbial diversity and perturbed the BV-associated microbiota, but rarely resulted in the establishment of a lactobacilli-dominated microbiota."	1.36	Deep sequencing of the vaginal microbiota of women with HIV. ( Changalucha, J; Dickson, RJ; Fernandes, AD; Gloor, GB; Hummelen, R; Macklaim, JM; Reid, G, 2010)
"Treatment by metronidazole or clindamycin was used."	1.36	Bacterial vaginosis in threatened preterm, preterm and term labour. ( Chawanpaiboon, S; Pimol, K, 2010)
"Persistent bacterial vaginosis is associated with several bacteria in the Clostridiales order, Megasphaera phylotype 2, and P."	1.35	Relationship of specific vaginal bacteria and bacterial vaginosis treatment failure in women who have sex with women. ( Fiedler, TL; Fredricks, DN; Marrazzo, JM; Ringwood, K; Thomas, KK, 2008)
"As metronidazole effectively treats full BV, but is ineffective against other forms of AVF, the present data may help to explain why its use to prevent PTB has not been successful in most studies."	1.35	Predictive value for preterm birth of abnormal vaginal flora, bacterial vaginosis and aerobic vaginitis during the first trimester of pregnancy. ( Bellen, G; Donders, GG; Reybrouck, R; Riphagen, I; Van Calsteren, K; Van den Bosch, T; Van Lierde, S, 2009)
"Recurrent bacterial vaginosis (RBV) is extremely common and a source of frustration to patient and practitioners alike."	1.35	Boric acid addition to suppressive antimicrobial therapy for recurrent bacterial vaginosis. ( Akins, R; Reichman, O; Sobel, JD, 2009)
"Recommended regimens for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV) have similar efficacy; thus, the choice of treatment should consider additional factors such as risk of BV recurrence and side effect profile."	1.35	Treatment considerations for bacterial vaginosis and the risk of recurrence. ( Beigi, RH; Chen, JY; Tian, H, 2009)
"We present a case of recurrent bacterial vaginosis (BV) of neovagina in a transsexual patient successfully managed by using metronidazole gel and occasional douching."	1.34	A case of successful management of recurrent bacterial vaginosis of neovagina after male to female gender reassignment surgery. ( Bradbeer, C; Jain, A, 2007)
"mulieris in Turkish women with bacterial vaginosis, vulvo-vaginal abscesses, endometritis or salpingitis."	1.33	Mobiluncus species in gynaecological and obstetric infections: antimicrobial resistance and prevalence in a Turkish population. ( Bahar, H; Kocazeybek, B; Oçer, F; Torun, MM, 2005)
"Bacterial vaginosis is the most prevalent disease of the female genital tract."	1.33	Gram stain as a relapse predictor of bacterial vaginosis after metronidazole treatment. ( Huang, M; Wang, JH, 2005)
"We wished to determine recurrences of bacterial vaginosis (BV) after treatment over the course of 12 months and to establish factors associated with recurrence."	1.33	High recurrence rates of bacterial vaginosis over the course of 12 months after oral metronidazole therapy and factors associated with recurrence. ( Bradshaw, CS; Fairley, CK; Garland, SM; Hocking, J; Horvath, LB; Kuzevska, I; Morris, MB; Morton, AN; Moss, LM, 2006)
"With more clinical trials involving evaluations of new drugs or vaccines, monitoring for early detection of adverse events is essential."	1.33	Design and implementation of Cell-PREVEN: a real-time surveillance system for adverse events using cell phones in Peru. ( Buendia, C; Campos, PE; Curioso, WH; Holmes, KK; Karras, BT; Kimball, AM, 2005)
"vaginalis."	1.33	The association of Atopobium vaginae and Gardnerella vaginalis with bacterial vaginosis and recurrence after oral metronidazole therapy. ( Bradshaw, CS; Fairley, CK; Garland, SM; Morton, AN; Rudland, E; Tabrizi, SN, 2006)
"Bacterial vaginosis was present in 32% of the women screened, Chlamydia trachomatis was identified in 8%, none tested positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae."	1.32	Should we offer antibiotic prophylaxis post sexual assault? ( Forster, GE; Gibb, AM; McManus, T, 2003)
"Recurrent bacterial vaginosis is a difficult clinical condition."	1.32	Treatment of recurrent bacterial vaginosis with tinidazole. ( Baylson, FA; Nyirjesy, P; Weitz, MV, 2004)
"Accumulating evidence has associated bacterial vaginosis (BV) with serious medical complications such as premature delivery."	1.31	Indications for therapy and treatment recommendations for bacterial vaginosis in nonpregnant and pregnant women: a synthesis of data. ( Hogan, V; Koumans, EH; Markowitz, LE, 2002)
"At the time of the third dose, bacterial vaginosis and T vaginalis specimens were collected again."	1.31	Sexual intercourse association with asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis and Trichomonas vaginalis treatment in relationship to preterm birth. ( Berghella, V; Carey, JC; Dombrowski, MP; Ernest, JM; Hauth, JC; Heine, RP; Klebanoff, M; Langer, O; Leveno, KJ; McPherson, C; Miodovnik, M; Moawad, A; O'Sullivan, MJ; Sibai, BM; Trout, W; Van Dorsten, JP; Varner, M; Wapner, RJ, 2002)
"Most patients with odor had bacterial vaginosis and had an improvement in odor with topical metronidazole."	1.31	Bacteriology and treatment of malodorous lower reproductive tract in gynecologic cancer patients. ( Coleman, RL; Heard, MC; Hemsell, DL; Li, AJ; Miller, DS; Von Gruenigen, VE, 2000)
"Bacterial vaginosis is associated with preterm labor."	1.31	The role of bacterial vaginosis in preterm labor and preterm birth: a case-control study. ( Denoit, V; Husson, MO; Le Gouëff, F; Puech, F; Subtil, D; Trivier, D, 2002)
"From 20 patients with bacterial vaginosis, 10 received oral metronidazol, 500 mg/b."	1.30	[Bacterial vaginosis. Relation between the vaginal flora and the vaginal epithelial cells under different treatments. Ultrastructural study]. ( Beltrán, M; Casanova Roman, G; Flores Rivera, E; González Jimenez, MA; Villegas Castrejon, H, 1997)
"Bacterial vaginosis is associated with adverse sequelae, including late miscarriage, preterm prelabour rupture of the membranes, chorioamnionitis, postpartum endometritis and preterm labour and delivery."	1.30	Bacterial vaginosis: its importance in obstetrics. ( Lamont, RF; Woodrow, N, 1998)
" The patient's vaginitis was treated with gentian violet and she was discharged on a tapering dosage of prednisone."	1.29	Metronidazole hypersensitivity. ( Choudhury, T; Knowles, S; Shear, NH, 1994)
"Bacterial vaginosis was more common in non-pregnant women (33% vs 23%) whereas C."	1.29	Aetiology of vaginal infections in pregnant and non-pregnant women in Barbados. ( Levett, PN, 1995)
"To study the clinical manifestation and treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV)."	1.29	[Clinical analysis of bacterial vaginosis in 76 cases]. ( Song, X; Weng, L; Yu, X, 1996)
"Metronidazole resistance was produced in susceptible Gardnerella vaginalis after subculture in the presence of metronidazole."	1.29	Growth inhibition of metronidazole-susceptible and metronidazole-resistant strains of Gardnerella vaginalis by Lactobacilli in vitro. ( McGroarty, JA; McLean, NW, 1996)
"An association between M."	1.28	Mycoplasma hominis in women with bacterial vaginosis. ( Deodhar, LP; Pandit, DV, 1992)
"Bacterial vaginosis is a polymicrobial, superficial infection caused by an increase in anaerobic bacteria and a concomitant decrease in lactobacilli."	1.28	New concepts in bacterial vaginosis. ( Majeroni, BA, 1991)
"Metronidazole was used only for resistant cases of trichomoniasis, with a cure rate of over 80% when both partners were treated simultaneously."	1.24	CLINICAL TRIALS WITH AGENTS CURRENTLY USED IN THE MANAGEMENT OF VAGINITIS. ( O'BRIEN, JR, 1964)

Research

Studies (387)

Authors

Clinical Trials (40)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

The Number of Participants Who Discontinued Study Product Early in Each Study Arm Due to Adverse Events.

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	1 (0.26)	18.7374
1990's	77 (19.90)	18.2507
2000's	127 (32.82)	29.6817
2010's	122 (31.52)	24.3611
2020's	60 (15.50)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Gustin, AT	2
Thurman, AR	3
Chandra, N	2
Schifanella, L	1
Alcaide, M	1
Fichorova, R	1
Doncel, GF	2
Gale, M	1
Klatt, NR	2
Mtshali, A	1
San, JE	1
Osman, F	1
Garrett, N	1
Balle, C	1
Giandhari, J	1
Onywera, H	1
Mngomezulu, K	1
Mzobe, G	1
de Oliveira, T	1
Rompalo, A	1
Mindel, A	1
Abdool Karim, SS	1
Ravel, J	4
Passmore, JS	3
Abdool Karim, Q	1
Jaspan, HB	3
Liebenberg, LJP	1
Ngcapu, S	1
Plummer, EL	2
Vodstrcil, LA	5
Doyle, M	2
Danielewski, JA	1
Murray, GL	1
Fehler, G	2
Fairley, CK	6
Bulach, DM	1
Garland, SM	5
Chow, EPF	2
Hocking, JS	4
Bradshaw, CS	7
Muzny, CA	7
Mena, LA	3
Lillis, RA	2
Schmidt, N	3
Martin, DH	5
Kissinger, P	3
Villar-Padilla, A	1
Del Prado-Audelo, MAL	1
González-Torres, M	1
Giraldo-Gomez, DM	1
Caballero-Florán, IH	1
González-Del Carmen, M	1
Sharifi-Rad, J	1
Figueroa-González, G	1
Reyes-Hernández, OD	1
Cortés, H	1
Leyva-Gómez, G	1
Armstrong-Buisseret, L	2
Brittain, C	5
Kai, J	4
David, M	3
Anstey Watkins, J	3
Ozolins, M	3
Jackson, L	4
Abdali, Z	2
Hepburn, T	3
Griffiths, F	4
Montgomery, A	3
Daniels, J	3
Manley, A	2
Dean, G	3
Ross, JD	3
Armstrong, E	2
Hemmerling, A	5
Miller, S	3
Burke, KE	2
Newmann, SJ	2
Morris, SR	2
Reno, H	3
Huibner, S	4
Kulikova, M	2
Liu, R	1
Crawford, ED	1
Castañeda, GR	1
Nagelkerke, N	2
Coburn, B	2
Cohen, CR	5
Kaul, R	4
Fang, L	1
Ma, R	1
Gao, XJ	1
Chen, L	1
Liu, Y	1
Huo, Y	1
Wei, T	1
Wang, X	2
Wang, Q	1
Wang, H	1
Cui, C	1
Shi, Q	1
Jiang, J	1
Gao, L	1
Van Gerwen, OT	3
Bloom, SM	1
Mafunda, NA	1
Woolston, BM	1
Hayward, MR	1
Frempong, JF	1
Abai, AB	1
Xu, J	1
Mitchell, AJ	1
Westergaard, X	1
Hussain, FA	1
Xulu, N	1
Dong, M	1
Dong, KL	1
Gumbi, T	1
Ceasar, FX	1
Rice, JK	1
Choksi, N	1
Ismail, N	1
Ndung'u, T	1
Ghebremichael, MS	1
Relman, DA	1
Balskus, EP	1
Mitchell, CM	4
Kwon, DS	1
Mendling, W	5
Holzgreve, W	1
Xiao, B	3
A, D	2
Qin, H	2
Mi, L	1
Zhang, D	3
Rosca, AS	1
Castro, J	1
Sousa, LGV	2
França, A	1
Vaneechoutte, M	3
Cerca, N	3
Legendre, D	1
Mollin, A	1
Katta, M	1
Sobel, JD	15
Akins, RA	4
Haydock, R	1
Ross, J	1
Wilson, J	1
Klebanoff, MA	10
Schuit, E	1
Lamont, RF	3
Larsson, PG	9
Odendaal, HJ	2
Ugwumadu, A	1
Kiss, H	1
Petricevic, L	1
Andrews, WW	5
Hoffman, MK	1
Shennan, A	2
Seed, PT	1
Goldenberg, RL	4
Emel, LM	1
Bhandaru, V	1
Weiner, S	1
Larsen, MD	1
Bangar, S	1
Sonar, P	1
Mane, A	1
Sane, S	1
Kadam, A	1
Katendra, TL	1
Rahane, G	1
Sinha, A	1
Sahay, S	1
Ayinde, O	2
Pereira, SA	1
Ross, JDC	3
Hepburn, TM	1
Armstrong-Buisseret, LK	1
Jiao, J	1
Hua, M	1
Han, K	1
Du, H	1
Wang, Z	1
Li, J	1
Chen, C	1
Kyser, AJ	1
Mahmoud, MY	1
Herold, SE	1
Lewis, WG	1
Lewis, AL	1
Steinbach-Rankins, JM	1
Frieboes, HB	1
Fan, L	1
Liu, Z	2
Zhang, Z	1
Bai, H	1
López, CC	1
Villegas-Echeverri, JD	1
De Los Rios, JF	1
Vásquez-Trespalacios, EM	1
Arango, A	1
Cifuentes, C	1
Orjuela, J	1
Valencia, V	1
Cárdenas, L	1
López, JD	2
Zambrano, CP	1
Gómez, SM	1
Bastidas, C	1
Silva, JB	1
Gallego, DE	1
Zhao, X	2
Boyd, P	2
Dallal Bashi, YH	1
McCoy, CF	2
Karl Malcolm, R	1
Qi, F	1
Fan, S	1
Fang, C	1
Ge, L	1
Lyu, J	1
Huang, Z	1
Zhao, S	1
Zou, Y	1
Huang, L	1
Liu, X	2
Liang, Y	1
Zhang, Y	2
Zhong, Y	1
Zhang, H	2
Xiao, L	1
Zhang, X	1
Bashi, YD	1
Murphy, DJ	1
Coulter, S	1
Laverty, G	1
Malcolm, RK	1
Faught, BM	1
Reyes, S	1
Leggit, JC	1
Saguil, A	1
Neal, CM	1
Kus, LH	1
Eckert, LO	1
Peipert, JF	1
Marcotte, H	3
Andersen, KK	2
Zuo, F	1
Mikkelsen, LS	1
Brandsborg, E	3
Gray, G	2
Laher, F	1
Otwombe, K	1
Abd El Aziz, MA	1
Sharifipour, F	1
Abedi, P	1
Jahanfar, S	1
Judge, HM	1
Sgibnev, A	1
Kremleva, E	1
Thandi, S	2
Roberts, T	1
Pentikis, H	1
Adetoro, N	4
Tipping, D	1
Levy, S	1
Tentor, F	1
Siccardi, G	1
Sacco, P	1
Demarchi, D	1
Marsich, E	1
Almdal, K	1
Bose Goswami, S	1
Boisen, A	1
van de Wijgert, JHHM	2
Verwijs, MC	2
Agaba, SK	1
Bronowski, C	1
Mwambarangwe, L	1
Uwineza, M	1
Lievens, E	1
Nivoliez, A	1
Darby, AC	1
Kahwati, LC	1
Clark, R	1
Berkman, N	1
Urrutia, R	1
Patel, SV	1
Zeng, J	1
Viswanathan, M	1
Wierzbicki, MR	1
French, AL	1
Morris, S	1
Newmann, S	1
Green, L	1
Powell, J	1
Parks, T	2
Happel, AU	2
Kullin, B	1
Gamieldien, H	1
Wentzel, N	1
Zauchenberger, CZ	1
Dabee, S	1
Barnabas, SL	2
Jaumdally, SZ	1
Dietrich, J	1
Bekker, LG	1
Froissart, R	1
Singh, R	1
Mitchev, N	1
Mlisana, K	1
Tomás, M	1
Palmeira-de-Oliveira, A	1
Simões, S	1
Martinez-de-Oliveira, J	1
Palmeira-de-Oliveira, R	1
Coudray, MS	1
Sheehan, DM	1
Li, T	1
Cook, RL	2
Schwebke, J	6
Madhivanan, P	2
Finucane, TE	1
Afzali, E	1
Siahposh, A	1
Haghighi-Zadeh, MH	1
Farajzadeh, A	1
Abbaspoor, Z	1
Zwittink, RD	1
van den Munckhof, EHA	1
Leverstein-van Hall, MA	1
Boers, K	1
Molijn, A	1
Knetsch, CW	1
Kuijper, EJ	1
McGuiness, C	1
Bateson, D	1
Law, MG	1
Petoumenos, K	1
Donovan, B	1
Lee, CY	1
Cheu, RK	1
Lemke, MM	1
France, MT	1
Hampel, B	1
Arnold, KB	1
Latham-Cork, HC	1
Walker, KF	1
Thornton, JG	1
Gunnarsson, OS	1
Säfholm, A	1
Cardell, M	1
Strevens, H	1
Murina, F	1
Crișan, C	1
Biriș, M	1
Sîrbu, D	1
Barattini, DF	1
Ardolino, LI	1
Casolati, E	1
Schwebke, JR	16
Lensing, SY	1
Lee, J	3
Pontius, A	1
Woznicki, N	1
Aguin, T	3
Kumagai, J	1
Nakamura, A	1
Ogawa, S	1
Washio, K	1
Gerton, ML	1
Mann, BK	1
Nwosu, OC	1
Bloom, K	1
Nyirjesy, P	9
Kaufman, G	1
Lazenby, GB	1
Graves, KJ	1
Arbuckle, J	1
Carter, BA	1
McMahon, CP	1
Eder, S	1
Shaw, J	1
Pandey, B	1
Chavoustie, SE	3
Badawi, NM	1
Elkafrawy, MA	1
Yehia, RM	1
Attia, DA	1
Serebrenik, J	1
Wang, T	1
Hunte, R	1
Srinivasan, S	4
McWalters, J	1
Tharp, GK	1
Bosinger, SE	1
Fiedler, TL	5
Atrio, JM	1
Murphy, K	1
Barnett, R	1
Ray, LR	1
Krows, ML	1
Fredricks, DN	9
Irungu, E	1
Ngure, K	1
Mugo, N	1
Marrazzo, J	4
Keller, MJ	1
Herold, BC	1
Surapaneni, S	1
Akins, R	2
Tan, H	1
Fu, Y	1
Yang, C	1
Ma, J	1
Verstraete, G	1
Vandenbussche, L	1
Kasmi, S	1
Nuhn, L	1
Brouckaert, D	1
Van Renterghem, J	1
Grymonpré, W	1
Vanhoorne, V	1
Coenye, T	1
De Geest, BG	1
De Beer, T	1
Remon, JP	3
Vervaet, C	1
Hillier, SL	12
Waldbaum, AS	2
Morgan, FG	2
Adetoro, NA	1
Braun, CJ	2
Gottschick, C	3
Deng, ZL	3
Vital, M	2
Masur, C	3
Abels, C	4
Pieper, DH	2
Wagner-Döbler, I	3
Koltun, W	1
Algburi, A	1
Weeks, R	1
Comito, N	1
Zehm, S	1
Pinto, J	1
Uhrich, KE	1
Chikindas, ML	2
Rohde, M	1
Darpo, B	1
Xue, H	1
Matthews, BG	1
Pentikis, HS	3
Hakimi, S	1
Farhan, F	1
Farshbaf-Khalili, A	1
Dehghan, P	1
Javadzadeh, Y	1
Abbasalizadeh, S	1
Khalvati, B	1
Tariq, N	1
Basharat, A	1
Khan, DH	1
Fahim, A	1
Khan, MH	1
Palma, E	2
Recine, N	2
Domenici, L	2
Giorgini, M	2
Pierangeli, A	1
Panici, PB	1
Gersten, JK	1
Samuel, MJ	1
Bhuju, S	1
Baery, N	1
Ghasemi Nejad, A	1
Amin, M	1
Mahroozade, S	1
Mokaberinejad, R	1
Bioos, S	1
Anushiravani, M	1
Aliasl, J	1
Karimi Darmiyan, M	1
Amin, G	1
Beauchamps, L	1
Taylor, SN	1
Myers, L	1
Augostini, P	1
Secor, WE	1
Bradic, M	1
Carlton, JM	1
Khazaeian, S	2
Navidian, A	1
Navabi-Rigi, SD	1
Araban, M	1
Mojab, F	2
Joag, V	1
Obila, O	1
Gajer, P	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Prospective Evaluation of the Impact of Bacterial Vaginosis and Its Treatment on Mucosal Susceptibility to HIV-1 Infection and Endpoints of Cervico-Vaginal Safety[NCT01347632]		35 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-04-30	Completed
Phase II-b Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial of Lactobacillus Crispatus CTV-05 (LACTIN-V) to Prevent the Recurrence of Bacterial Vaginosis[NCT02766023]	Phase 2	228 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-06-03	Completed
Phase 2 Placebo-controlled Randomized Trial of LACTIN-V (Lactobacillus Crispatus CTV-05) Among Women at High Risk of HIV Acquisition in Durban, South Africa[NCT05022212]	Phase 2	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-05-10	Recruiting
Randomized Controlled Trial of Treatment of Male Partners of Women With BV[NCT02209519]	Phase 3	214 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-02-28	Completed
Multi-center, Prospective, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Delayed Treatment, Double-Blind Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness and Safety of a Single Oral Dose of Solosec® for the Treatment of Trichomoniasis[NCT03935217]	Phase 3	147 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-04-23	Completed
A Phase 2, Multi-center, Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness and Safety of SYM-1219 for the Treatment of Women With Bacterial Vaginosis[NCT02147899]	Phase 2	215 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-05-31	Completed
A Prospective Parallel-design, Double-blind, Randomised, Controlled Investigation to Gain Clinical Experience and Further Knowledge About the Certified Medical Device Vaginal Suppository WO 3191 With Respect to Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy in the Pos[NCT02687789]		43 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-04-30	Completed
Lactobacilli Implementation to Restore a Balanced Vaginal Ecosystem: a Promising Solution Against Vaginosis, Vaginitis and HPV Infection[NCT03372395]	Phase 2	117 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-02-28	Completed
Probiotics Role in HPV Clearance When Coexisting Vaginal Infections[NCT05109533]		483 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-01-01	Completed
Randomized Phase IV Trial of Metronidazole Single Dose Versus 7 Day Dose for Treatment of Trichomonas Vaginalis Among HIV-infected Women[NCT01018095]	Phase 4	270 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-05-31	Completed
Validation of a Novel Diagnostic, Prognostic Assay for Bacterial Vaginosis[NCT02185456]	Early Phase 1	200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-09-30	Recruiting
A Multicenter, Open Label, Non-comparative, 3 Months Study to Assess the Performance and Safety of the New Medical Device Polybactum® in Reducing the Frequency of Recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis[NCT02863536]		56 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-09-08	Completed
Prospective Multicenter Cross Sectional Study of the American International Biotechnology (AIBiotech) Gynecologene Test for the Evaluation of Bacterial Vaginosis/Vaginitis in Symptomatic Women[NCT02558179]		300 participants (Anticipated)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2015-09-30	Enrolling by invitation
Vitamin D and Sexual Health (the DASH Study)[NCT01450462]		118 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-09-30	Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Investigator-Blinded, Phase 2, Dose Ranging Study of Metronidazole Vaginal Gel in the Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis[NCT01055106]	Phase 2	255 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-01-31	Completed
Vaginal Colonization After Treatment With Lactobacillus in Women With BV or Candida Will That Increase the Cure Rate After Treatment With Clindamycin for BV and Flucnazole for Candida[NCT02295579]		50 participants (Actual)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2014-06-30	Completed
Back to BASICS: Boric Acid, Alternate Solution for Intravaginal Colonization, Comparing Intravaginal Metronidazole to Boric Acid in Women Symptomatic for Bacterial Vaginosis[NCT00799214]	Phase 2/Phase 3	13 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-04-30	Completed
Efficacy and Safety Assessment of prOVag Dietary Supplement in Recurrent Bacterial Vaginitis. Multi-centre, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Study.[NCT01993524]		594 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-03-31	Completed
Effects of Contraceptive Ring on Vaginal Microbiota, HIV Shedding and Local Immunity[NCT02445989]	Phase 4	120 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-05-31	Completed
Effect of Oral N-Acetyl Cysteine on Pregnancy Outcome After Cervical Cerclage: a Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT00787813]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2008-06-30	Completed
Maternal Effects of Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) Treatment in Pregnancy (Randomized Trial of BV Treatment in Pregnancy)[NCT00153517]	Phase 2	126 participants	Interventional	1999-10-31	Completed
Preventing Preterm Birth With Probiotics - Pilot Randomised Trial[NCT02692820]		304 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-05-31	Completed
Efficacy of the Use of Metronidazole After Laparoscopic Hysterectomy for the Prevention of Vaginal Cellulitis or Vaginal Cuff Abscess. Multicentric Triple-blind Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT03917134]		600 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-05-01	Not yet recruiting
Baseline Study of Vaginal Microbiota in Healthy Chinses Female Population[NCT04887636]		10,000 participants (Anticipated)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2021-05-21	Recruiting
The Effect of Probiotic Supplementation With Lactobacillus GR-1 and RC-14,on the Immune Status, Diarrhea and Bacterial Vaginosis Cure Rate Among HIV Patients; a Randomised, Placebo Controlled Trial[NCT00536848]	Phase 2/Phase 3	65 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-10-31	Active, not recruiting
The Impact of Using Maternity Napkins on the Incidence of Vaginal Infections in the Post-partum Period: A Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT05806879]		350 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-06-30	Not yet recruiting
Real-world Performance and Safety of Cerviron® Medical Device in the Treatment of Various Types of Vaginitis[NCT05652959]		111 participants (Actual)	Observational	2021-05-20	Completed
Extended Antimicrobial Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis Combined With Human Lactobacilli to Find the Best Treatment and Minimize the Risk of Relapses[NCT01245322]	Phase 4	75 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2007-01-31	Completed
A Phase IIa Study of the Colonization Efficiency, Safety and Acceptability of LACTIN-V Administered Vaginally to Women With Bacterial Vaginosis[NCT00635622]	Phase 2	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2008-04-30	Completed
Study of Antenatal Model to Prevent Preterm Delivery: Early Detection and Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis[NCT01232192]		220 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2009-01-31	Recruiting
Effects of Flourish HEC Vaginal Care System on Vaginal Microbiome in Women With Recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis[NCT05701722]		400 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-03-29	Recruiting
Hormonal Contraception and Bacterial Vaginosis (HCBV): The Effect of Norethisterone Enanthate on Recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis Among Women at High Risk for HIV Infection in Kampala, Uganda[NCT02905890]	Phase 4	250 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-10-02	Completed
A Phase I Study of the Safety of LACTIN-V Administered Vaginally to Healthy Women[NCT00537576]	Phase 1	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-11-30	Completed
Effects of Flourish HEC Vaginal Care System on Reduction of Pain in Women With Localized Provoked Vulvodynia[NCT05478746]		40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-09-26	Enrolling by invitation
Micronutrient Supplemented Probiotic Yogurt for HIV/AIDS and Other Immunodeficiencies: A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial[NCT00517803]		24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-09-07	Completed
Effect of Probiotics on GBS Colonization Status During Pregnancy: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT02528981]		114 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-08-31	Completed
Phase III Trial of Antibiotics to Reduce Chorioamnionitis-Related Perinatal HIV Transmission[NCT00021671]	Phase 3	3,720 participants	Interventional		Completed
Clindamycin to Reduce Preterm Birth in a Low Resource Setting: A Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial[NCT01800825]	Phase 4	1,726 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-07-31	Completed
Controlled, Multicenter, Randomized Parallel Group Pilot Study With 2 Treatment Arms in Non-pregnant Women With Acute Symptomatic Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)[NCT02042287]	Phase 4	32 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-06-30	Completed
Pregnancy Outcomes Following Preconception Treatment of Asymptomatic Bacterial Vaginosis in an Infertility Population: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.[NCT01322971]		2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-02-28	Terminated (stopped due to Disease prevalence lower than expected in population.)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Tolerability of LACTIN-V and the applicator was measured by the proportion of participants who discontinued the study product prior to completing the dose schedule due to an adverse event. (NCT02766023)
Timeframe: Day 1 to Day 84

The Proportion of Participants Experiencing Successful Colonization With L. Crispatus CTV-05 Following Dose of Study Product in the LACTIN-V Arm Overall.

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
LACTIN-V	1
Placebo	0

Colonization of L. crispatus was determined from the concentrations of L. crispatus species and L. crispatus CTV-05 obtained from qPCR. Successful colonization was defined as: If CTV-05 concentration was above the lower limit of detection (LLOD) and the L. crispatus was above the LLOD, then successful colonization had occurred. If either CTV-05 or L. crispatus concentration was below LLOD or indeterminate, then successful colonization had not occurred. The LLOD for CTV-05 was 660 copies/mL and the LLOD for L. crispatus was 953 copies/mL (NCT02766023)
Timeframe: Day 1 to Day 84

The Proportion of Participants Experiencing Successful Colonization With L. Crispatus CTV-05 Following Dose of Study Product Overall.

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
LACTIN-V	0.85
Placebo	0.07

The Proportion of Participants Reporting Product-related Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) in Each Study Arm.

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
LACTIN-V	0.86
Placebo	0.08

"Adverse events and serious adverse events were collected during the entire study period. Relatedness to study product was assessed by the site investigator according to the protocol definition of related as There is a reasonable possibility that the study product caused the AE. Reasonable possibility means that there is evidence to suggest a causal relationship between the study product and the AE." (NCT02766023)
Timeframe: Day 1 to Day 168

The Proportion of Participants With a Positive BV Diagnosis in Each Study Arm.

Intervention	proportion of participants (Number)
LACTIN-V	0.11
Placebo	0.07

A positive BV diagnosis was defined by at least 3 of the 4 Amsel criteria and a Nugent score of 4-10. Amsel criteria are: homogeneous, thin, grayish-white discharge that smoothly coats the vaginal walls; vaginal pH >4.5; positive whiff-amine test, defined as the presence of a fishy odor when a drop of 10% potassium hydroxide is added to a sample of vaginal discharge; and presence of clue cells (>20%) on microscopy. The Nugent score is calculated by assessing for the presence of large Gram-positive rods scored as 0 to 4, small Gram-variable rods scored as 0 to 4, and curved Gram-variable rods scored as 0 to 2. All BV diagnoses following 15 days after enrollment (22 days after commencement of MetroGel treatment) were considered a recurrent episode. (NCT02766023)
Timeframe: Day 1 to Day 168

The Proportion of Participants With a Positive BV Diagnosis in Each Study Arm.

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
LACTIN-V	0.39
Placebo	0.54

A positive BV diagnosis was defined by meeting at least 3 of the 4 Amsel criteria and a Nugent score of 4-10. Amsel criteria are: homogeneous, thin, grayish-white discharge that smoothly coats the vaginal walls; vaginal pH >4.5; positive whiff-amine test, defined as the presence of a fishy odor when a drop of 10% potassium hydroxide is added to a sample of vaginal discharge; and presence of clue cells (>20%) on microscopy. The Amsel score ranges from 0-4, where higher scores mean a worse outcome. The Nugent score is calculated by assessing for the presence of large Gram-positive rods scored as 0 to 4, small Gram-variable rods scored as 0 to 4, and curved Gram-variable rods scored as 0 to 2, and adding all component scores. The Nugent score ranges from 0-10, where higher scores mean a worse outcome. All BV diagnoses following 15 days after enrollment (22 days after commencement of MetroGel treatment) were considered a recurrent episode. (NCT02766023)
Timeframe: Day 1 to Day 84

Acceptability of LACTIN-V and the Applicator Measured by Self-administered Questionnaires About Acceptability - Continuous/Discrete Response Regarding Product

Intervention	proportion of participants (Number)
LACTIN-V	0.30
Placebo	0.45

"Participants answered a detailed self-administered questionnaire at Week 12 assessing the acceptability of the study product and the applicator. Questionnaire items included rating aspects of the product and applicator by various measures, including by rating factors on a 0-10 scale, with 0 being not at all and 10 being extremely." (NCT02766023)
Timeframe: Day 84

Acceptability of LACTIN-V and the Applicator Measured by Self-administered Questionnaires About Acceptability - Continuous/Discrete Response Regarding Product Use

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	Effectiveness	Comfort	Ease of use	Vaginal health	Other Finding
LACTIN-V	7.53	8.16	8.99	7.37	8.21
Placebo	6.72	8.07	8.75	7.01	9.27

"Participants answered a detailed self-administered questionnaire at Week 12 assessing the acceptability of the study product and the applicator. Questionnaire items included rating aspects of the product and applicator by various measures, including by rating factors on use of the product on a 0-10 scale, with 0 being not at all and 10 being extremely so." (NCT02766023)
Timeframe: Day 84

The Proportion of Participants Experiencing Successful Colonization With L. Crispatus CTV-05 Following Dose of Study Product by Occurrence of Intercourse.

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	High frequency	Vaginal Dryness	Discomfort	Messiness	Disapproval	Other issue
LACTIN-V	2.97	1.71	1.53	2.10	0.98	7.08
Placebo	2.63	1.37	1.01	1.68	0.79	7.62

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Condom-less sex acts since last visit	No condom-less sex acts since last visit
LACTIN-V	0	4
Placebo	0	0

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Condom-less sex acts since last visit	No condom-less sex acts since last visit
LACTIN-V	37	76
Placebo	1	3

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Condom-less sex acts since last visit	No condom-less sex acts since last visit
LACTIN-V	28	78
Placebo	0	1

The Proportion of Participants Experiencing Successful Colonization With L. Crispatus CTV-05 Following Dose of Study Product by Occurrence of Menses.

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Condom-less sex acts since last visit	No condom-less sex acts since last visit
LACTIN-V	38	64
Placebo	0	2

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Menses since last visit	No menses since last visit
LACTIN-V	93	20
Placebo	3	1

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Menses since last visit	No menses since last visit
LACTIN-V	76	30
Placebo	1	0

The Proportion of Participants Who Are Compliant With the Complete Dose Regimen as Assessed by Participant Reporting and Applicator Staining.

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Menses since last visit	No menses since last visit
LACTIN-V	74	28
Placebo	2	0

A subject was considered compliant with the assigned study product if she took 4 of the first 5 daily doses and at least 75% of the scheduled doses overall prior to the first diagnosis of BV or through Week 12, whichever occurred first. Compliance was assessed by subject report via the memory aid and, separately, applicator staining of the returned kit. Compliance was assessed on a weekly basis and the time (week) at which the subject became non-compliant was determined by blinded PI review. (NCT02766023)
Timeframe: Day 1 to Day 84

Acceptability of LACTIN-V and the Applicator Measured by Self-administered Questionnaires About Acceptability - Categorical Variables on Likert Scale

Intervention	proportion of participants (Number)
	Self-report	Staining
LACTIN-V	0.80	0.77
Placebo	0.78	0.72

Participants answered a detailed self-administered questionnaire at Week 12 assessing the acceptability of the study product and the applicator. Questionnaire items included rating aspects of the product and applicator by Likert-scale responses of strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree and strongly disagree. (NCT02766023)
Timeframe: Day 84

Number of Female Partners Whose Male Partners Received Metronidazole Versus Females Whose Male Partners Did Not Receive Metrodiazole With Recurrence of BV in the Female

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	I was satisfied overall with vaginal applicator72598130	I was satisfied overall with vaginal applicator72598131	Satisfied with comfort of vaginal applicator72598130	Satisfied with comfort of vaginal applicator72598131	Satisfied with ease of use of vaginal applicator72598130	Satisfied with ease of use of vaginal applicator72598131	Vaginal health improved with study participation72598131	Vaginal health improved with study participation72598130	Important I use product without partner knowing72598130	Important I use product without partner knowing72598131	Important for me that partner approved of product72598130	Important for me that partner approved of product72598131	I would use the product again72598131	I would use the product again72598130
	Strongly agree	Agree	Neutral	Disagree	Strongly disagree
LACTIN-V	59
Placebo	22
Placebo	30
LACTIN-V	12
LACTIN-V	3
Placebo	4
LACTIN-V	55
LACTIN-V	56
Placebo	32
LACTIN-V	17
LACTIN-V	1
LACTIN-V	63
Placebo	31
LACTIN-V	58
LACTIN-V	8
Placebo	2
LACTIN-V	0
Placebo	0
LACTIN-V	46
Placebo	18
LACTIN-V	25
Placebo	21
Placebo	5
LACTIN-V	4
Placebo	1
LACTIN-V	32
Placebo	12
LACTIN-V	29
Placebo	15
LACTIN-V	45
LACTIN-V	15
Placebo	8
LACTIN-V	9
Placebo	6
LACTIN-V	10
LACTIN-V	22
Placebo	10
Placebo	23
LACTIN-V	34
Placebo	13
LACTIN-V	30
Placebo	11
LACTIN-V	72
Placebo	28
LACTIN-V	39
Placebo	24
LACTIN-V	11
Placebo	7
Placebo	3

"the female partners will be assessed for recurrence/persistence of BV. tRecurrence/persistence is measured by - Positive 3 - 4 Amsel criteria (vaginal pH > 4.7, clue cells, positive whiff test, homogenous discharge); Nugent score >3~No Recurrence/Persistence is measured by:~- Presence of 0 -2 Amsel criteria; Nugent score 0-3." (NCT02209519)
Timeframe: 16 weeks post start of receipt of study drug

Microbiological Cure at the TOC Visit

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Metronidazole	87
Placebo	86

Vaginal Culture negative for T. vaginalis at TOC Visit (NCT03935217)
Timeframe: Study Day 6-12

Cure of Bacterial Vaginosis

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Solosec 2 Grams	59
Placebo	1

Number of subjects with therapeutic cure at Test of Cure (TOC)/End of Study (EOS) (clinical cure + normalization of Nugent score) (NCT02147899)
Timeframe: Study Days 21-30

Number of Patients With Therapeutic Cure

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
SYM-1219 Low Dose	64
SYM-1219 High Dose	62
Placebo	62

Clinical Cure and Normalization of the Nugent score. The Nugent score is based on a microscopic assessment of a Gram stain of the vaginal fluid. (NCT02147899)
Timeframe: Study Days 21-30

TV Culture Positive Result

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
SYM-1219 Low Dose	14
SYM-1219 High Dose	25
Placebo	4

At the participants' test of cure (TOC) visits they were screened for Trichomonas vaginalis using (InPouch) culture. Presence of parasite will yield a culture positive result. (NCT01018095)
Timeframe: test-of-cure visit at 6-12 days post-treatment completion

TV Culture Positive Result

Intervention	participants (Number)
7 Day Dose	11
Single Dose	21

Participants who returned for their follow up visits were tested for Trichomonas vaginalis using InPouch culture. If parasites are present, it will yield a culture positive result. (NCT01018095)
Timeframe: 3 months post-enrollment

Acceptability of LACTIN-V in Pre-filled Applicators

Intervention	participants (Number)
7 Day Dose	8
Single Dose	19

"Acceptability and overall satisfaction with the study product was measured using the response to the following question: I would use the product again with the following response options (strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, strongly disagree)~Acceptability is reported as the number of women in each group who strongly agreed or agreed with the statement that they would use the product again." (NCT00537576)
Timeframe: 35 days

Safety of LACTIN-V in Healthy Pre-menopausal Women.

Intervention	participants (Number)
Low Dose Applicator	3
Medium Dose Applicator	3
High Dose Applicator	2
Placebo Control Substance Low Dose	1
Placebo Control Substance Medium Dose	0
Placebo Control Substance High Dose	1

Safety was measured by comparing the number of women experiencing adverse events of grade 3 or higher during the study. (NCT00537576)
Timeframe: 35 days

Tolerability of LACTIN-V in a Pre-filled Applicator.

Intervention	participants (Number)
Low Dose Applicator	0
Medium Dose Applicator	0
High Dose Applicator	0
Placebo Control Substance Low Dose	0
Placebo Control Substance Medium Dose	0
Placebo Control Substance High Dose	0

Tolerability was measured as proportion of women remaining in the study, and NOT prematurely exiting the trial due to an adverse event. (NCT00537576)
Timeframe: 35 days

Article	Year
Secnidazole for Trichomoniasis in Women and Men. Sexual medicine reviews, 2022, Volume: 10, Issue:2 Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Metronidazole; Observational Studies as Topic; Randomized Controlled Trials as	2022
Astodrimer sodium and bacterial vaginosis: a mini review. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 2022, Volume: 306, Issue:1 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Clindamycin; Dendrimers; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Polylysine;	2022
Antibiotic treatment of bacterial vaginosis to prevent preterm delivery: Systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis. Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology, 2023, Volume: 37, Issue:3 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clindamycin; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Metronidazole; Pregnancy; Prema	2023
Fighting polymicrobial biofilms in bacterial vaginosis. Microbial biotechnology, 2023, Volume: 16, Issue:7 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Pregnancy; Vagina; Vaginosis, Bacter	2023
Characterization and Treatment of Recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis. Journal of women's health (2002), 2019, Volume: 28, Issue:9 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antiprotozoal Agents; Clindamycin; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Recurrence;	2019
Noncandidal vaginitis: a comprehensive approach to diagnosis and management. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2020, Volume: 222, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents;	2020
Secnidazole for treatment of bacterial vaginosis: a systematic review. BMC women's health, 2019, 10-21, Volume: 19, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Therapy, Comb	2019
Screening for Bacterial Vaginosis in Pregnant Adolescents and Women to Prevent Preterm Delivery: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA, 2020, 04-07, Volume: 323, Issue:13 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Asymptomatic Infections; Clindamycin; Female; Humans; Mass Screening; Metroni	2020
Bacterial vaginosis: Standard treatments and alternative strategies. International journal of pharmaceutics, 2020, Sep-25, Volume: 587 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clindamycin; Female; Humans; Lactobacillus; Metronidazole; Probiotics; Vagina	2020
Effects of metronidazole combined probiotics over metronidazole alone for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 2017, Volume: 295, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration;	2017
Treatment of bacterial vaginosis before 28 weeks of pregnancy to reduce the incidence of preterm labor. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2019, Volume: 146, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clindamycin; Female; Huma	2019
Efficacy and safety of single dose of oral secnidazole 2 g in treatment of bacterial vaginosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, 2019, Volume: 238 Topics: Administration, Oral; Antiprotozoal Agents; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Randomized Controlled Tri	2019
Treatment of bacterial vaginosis: what we have and what we miss. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2014, Volume: 15, Issue:5 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Clindamycin; Coinfection; Drug Therapy, Combina	2014
Diagnostic and therapeutic advancements for aerobic vaginitis. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 2015, Volume: 291, Issue:2 Topics: Bacteria, Aerobic; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lactobacillus; Metronidazole; Pregnancy; Pregnan	2015
Metronidazole for the treatment of vaginal infections. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2015, Volume: 16, Issue:7 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antiprotozoal Agents; Drug Resistance; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Treatme	2015
The use of metronidazole during pregnancy: a review of evidence. Current drug safety, 2015, Volume: 10, Issue:2 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Metronid	2015
Treatment of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy in order to reduce the risk of spontaneous preterm delivery - a clinical recommendation. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 2016, Volume: 95, Issue:8 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clindamycin; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complication	2016
Antibiotic treatment for the sexual partners of women with bacterial vaginosis. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2016, Oct-01, Volume: 10 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clindamycin; Female; Humans; Indazoles; Lincosamides; Male	2016
The Women's Health II Medical Education Network _Part 1: Understanding bacterial vaginosis: diagnosis, treatment, and improved outcomes. The Journal of family practice, 2007, Volume: 56, Issue:9 Suppl Wo Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clindamycin; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Compl	2007
Recurrent bacterial vaginosis. Current opinion in infectious diseases, 2009, Volume: 22, Issue:1 Topics: Actinobacteria; Biofilms; Chemoprevention; Female; Gardnerella; Humans; Metronidazole; Secondary Pre	2009
The effects of antimicrobial therapy on bacterial vaginosis in non-pregnant women. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2009, Jul-08, Issue:3 Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Clindamycin; Female; Humans; Lactobacillus; Metronidazole; Probiotics; Random	2009
Vaginitis. American family physician, 2011, Apr-01, Volume: 83, Issue:7 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; An	2011
Vaginitis. American family physician, 2011, Apr-01, Volume: 83, Issue:7 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; An	2011
Vaginitis. American family physician, 2011, Apr-01, Volume: 83, Issue:7 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; An	2011
Vaginitis. American family physician, 2011, Apr-01, Volume: 83, Issue:7 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; An	2011
What would we do without metronidazole? The American journal of the medical sciences, 2012, Volume: 343, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Female; Giardiasis; Humans; Metronidazole;	2012
Bacterial vaginosis, Atopobium vaginae and nifuratel. Current clinical pharmacology, 2012, Feb-01, Volume: 7, Issue:1 Topics: Actinobacteria; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clindamycin; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Gardne	2012
Bacterial vaginosis and other asymptomatic vaginal infections in pregnancy. Current women's health reports, 2001, Volume: 1, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chlamydia Infections; Comorbidity; Female; Gonorrhea; Humans; Incidenc	2001
Identifying and managing bacterial vaginosis. The journal of family health care, 2002, Volume: 12, Issue:4 Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Physical Examination;	2002
Bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy: current findings and future directions. Epidemiologic reviews, 2002, Volume: 24, Issue:2 Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious	2002
What have we learned about vaginal infections and preterm birth? Seminars in perinatology, 2003, Volume: 27, Issue:3 Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Antitrichomonal Agents; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; National Institutes of	2003
What we have learned from an antibiotic trial in fetal fibronectin positive women. Seminars in perinatology, 2003, Volume: 27, Issue:3 Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythromycin; Female; Fibronectins; Humans; Metron	2003
Clinical inquiries. What is the best approach for managing recurrent bacterial vaginosis? The Journal of family practice, 2004, Volume: 53, Issue:8 Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Evidence-Based Medicine; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Recurrence; Risk Fact	2004
Vaginitis in adolescents. Adolescent medicine clinics, 2004, Volume: 15, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Infective Agents; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clindamycin; Female	2004
Tinidazole: from protozoa to Helicobacter pylori--the past, present and future of a nitroimidazole with peculiarities. Expert review of anti-infective therapy, 2004, Volume: 2, Issue:5 Topics: Amebiasis; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Antitrichomonal Agents; Clinical	2004
Abnormal vaginal discharge: what does and does not work in treating underlying causes. The Journal of family practice, 2004, Volume: 53, Issue:11 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clindamycin; Female; Humans; Me	2004
Sorting out common causes of abnormal vaginal discharge. JAAPA : official journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants, 2004, Volume: 17, Issue:10 Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Metronidazole; Patient Education	2004
Metronidazole-induced pancreatitis. A case report and review of literature. JOP : Journal of the pancreas, 2004, Nov-10, Volume: 5, Issue:6 Topics: Diagnostic Errors; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Middle Aged; Pancreatitis; Pancreatitis, Alcoholic	2004
Treatment of vaginal infections to prevent preterm birth: a meta-analysis. Clinical obstetrics and gynecology, 2004, Volume: 47, Issue:4 Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious	2004
Bacterial vaginosis. Transmission, role in genital tract infection and pregnancy outcome: an enigma. APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica, 2005, Volume: 113, Issue:4 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Clindamycin; Disease Transmission, Infectious; Female;	2005
Tinidazole for the treatment of vaginal infections. Expert opinion on investigational drugs, 2007, Volume: 16, Issue:5 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antitrichomonal Agents; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Interactions; Drug	2007
[The bacterial vaginosis--treatment problems]. Wiadomosci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960), 2007, Volume: 60, Issue:1-2 Topics: Administration, Topical; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Biological	2007
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Bacterial vaginosis: review of treatment options and potential clinical indications for therapy. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 1995, Volume: 20 Suppl 1 Topics: Administration, Topical; Female; Humans; Male; Metronidazole; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, In	1995
Treatment of bacterial vaginosis. The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 1994, Volume: 28, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Clindamycin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Gels; Humans; Metronidazole; Pregnancy; Pregna	1994
Selections from current literature: issues in the management of vaginitis. Family practice, 1993, Volume: 10, Issue:4 Topics: Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Chronic Disease; Clotrimazole; Female; Humans; Male; Metronidazole; Recur	1993
New approaches for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1993, Volume: 169, Issue:2 Pt 2 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Clindamycin; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Vagi	1993
Bacterial vaginosis. Clinical obstetrics and gynecology, 1993, Volume: 36, Issue:1 Topics: Aminopeptidases; Chromatography, Gas; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Gentian Violet; Gynecology; H	1993
[Bacterial vaginosis II. Related pathology and therapy]. Revista chilena de obstetricia y ginecologia, 1995, Volume: 60, Issue:2 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chorioamnionitis; Clindamycin; Endometritis; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; O	1995
Secnidazole. A review of its antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use in the management of protozoal infections and bacterial vaginosis. Drugs, 1996, Volume: 51, Issue:4 Topics: Absorption; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Interactions; Female; Humans; Male; Metronidazole; Protoz	1996
Reduced incidence of preterm delivery with metronidazole and erythromycin in women with bacterial vaginosis. Clinical pediatrics, 1996, Volume: 35, Issue:7 Topics: Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Obstetric Labor, Premature;	1996
Bacterial vaginosis. The British journal of clinical practice, 1996, Volume: 50, Issue:6 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antitrichomonal Agents; Clindamycin; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Prevalenc	1996
Is metronidazole teratogenic? A meta-analysis. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 1997, Volume: 44, Issue:2 Topics: Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complicati	1997
Bacterial vaginosis: an update. American family physician, 1998, Mar-15, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Clindamycin; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans;	1998
[Bacterial vaginosis]. Orvosi hetilap, 1998, Jun-07, Volume: 139, Issue:23 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antitrichomonal Agents; Clindamycin; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Obstetric	1998
Metronidazole vaginal gel 0.75% (MetroGel-Vaginal): a brief review. Infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology, 1998, Volume: 6, Issue:1 Topics: Costs and Cost Analysis; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies; Vaginosi	1998
Management of bacterial vaginosis. Drug and therapeutics bulletin, 1998, Volume: 36, Issue:5 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clindamycin; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complication	1998
Treatment of sexually transmitted bacterial diseases in pregnant women. Drugs, 2000, Volume: 59, Issue:3 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Azithromycin; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Metronidaz	2000
Should sexual partners of women with bacterial vaginosis receive treatment? The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 1999, Volume: 49, Issue:448 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Infections; Bias; Female; Humans; Male; Metronid	1999
Vaginitis: meeting the clinical challenge. Clinical cornerstone, 2000, Volume: 3, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Antifungal Agents; Antitrichomonal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal;	2000
Clinical inquiries. What are the most effective treatments for bacterial vaginosis in nonpregnant women? The Journal of family practice, 2001, Volume: 50, Issue:5 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Antifungal Agents; Clindamycin; Evidence-Based Medicine; Female; Guidel	2001
Bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy. Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology, 2002, Volume: 14, Issue:2 Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Cytokines; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Obstetric L	2002
[Current treatment of bacterial vaginosis]. Akusherstvo i ginekologiia, 1999, Volume: 38, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Oral; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inf	1999
Metronidazole. Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America, 1992, Volume: 19, Issue:3 Topics: Bacterial Infections; Costs and Cost Analysis; Drug Interactions; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Entero	1992
Comparison of different metronidazole therapeutic regimens for bacterial vaginosis. A meta-analysis. JAMA, 1992, Jul-01, Volume: 268, Issue:1 Topics: Female; Humans; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Metronidazole; Vaginosis, Bacterial	1992
Bacterial vaginosis: current review with indications for asymptomatic therapy. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1991, Volume: 165, Issue:4 Pt 2 Topics: Antifungal Agents; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Clindamycin; Female; Gardnerella; Humans; Incidence; Lactoba	1991
Bacterial vaginosis: current review with indications for asymptomatic therapy. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1991, Volume: 165, Issue:4 Pt 2 Topics: Antifungal Agents; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Clindamycin; Female; Gardnerella; Humans; Incidence; Lactoba	1991
Bacterial vaginosis: current review with indications for asymptomatic therapy. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1991, Volume: 165, Issue:4 Pt 2 Topics: Antifungal Agents; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Clindamycin; Female; Gardnerella; Humans; Incidence; Lactoba	1991
Bacterial vaginosis: current review with indications for asymptomatic therapy. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1991, Volume: 165, Issue:4 Pt 2 Topics: Antifungal Agents; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Clindamycin; Female; Gardnerella; Humans; Incidence; Lactoba	1991

Article	Year
A Prospective, Open-Label Pilot Study of Concurrent Male Partner Treatment for Bacterial Vaginosis. mBio, 2021, 10-26, Volume: 12, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Clindamycin; Female; Heterosexuality; Humans; Male; Metronid	2021
A Comparison of Single-Dose Versus Multidose Metronidazole by Select Clinical Factors for the Treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis in Women. Sexually transmitted diseases, 2022, 03-01, Volume: 49, Issue:3 Topics: Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Trichomonas vaginalis; Trichomonas Vaginitis; Vaginosis, Bacterial	2022
Lactic acid gel versus metronidazole for recurrent bacterial vaginosis in women aged 16 years and over: the VITA RCT. Health technology assessment (Winchester, England), 2022, Volume: 26, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Female; Humans; Lactic Acid; Metronidazole; Quality of Life; Tech	2022
Metronidazole treatment rapidly reduces genital inflammation through effects on bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria rather than lactobacilli. The Journal of clinical investigation, 2022, 03-15, Volume: 132, Issue:6 Topics: Bacteria; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Inflammation; Lactobacillus; Metronidazole; Vagina; Vagino	2022
Sustained effect of LACTIN-V (Lactobacillus crispatus CTV-05) on genital immunology following standard bacterial vaginosis treatment: results from a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet. Microbe, 2022, Volume: 3, Issue:6 Topics: Bacteria; Cadherins; Canada; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Inflammation; Lactobacillus crispatus;	2022
The DEVA trial: protocol for a randomised controlled trial of dequalinium chloride versus usual care antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. Trials, 2022, Dec-21, Volume: 23, Issue:1 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Dequalinium; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Multicente	2022
Prevention of recurrence of bacterial vaginosis using lactobacilli-containing vaginal tablets among women with HIV: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded phase IV trial. International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2023, Volume: 129 Topics: COVID-19; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; India; Lactobacillus; Metronidazole; Pandemics; Treatment	2023
Intravaginal lactic acid gel versus oral metronidazole for treating women with recurrent bacterial vaginosis: the VITA randomised controlled trial. BMC women's health, 2023, 05-09, Volume: 23, Issue:1 Topics: Ambulatory Care Facilities; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Female; Humans; Lactic	2023
The frequency and duration of side-effects associated with the use of oral metronidazole; A prospective study of VITA trial participants. International journal of STD & AIDS, 2023, Volume: 34, Issue:12 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions	2023
Metronidazole for Prevention of Pelvic Cellulitis and Abscess after Laparoscopic Hysterectomy: A Triple-blinded, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial. Journal of minimally invasive gynecology, 2023, Volume: 30, Issue:11 Topics: Abscess; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefazolin; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hysterectomy; Laparo	2023
Orally administrated Frontiers in immunology, 2023, Volume: 14 Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; Female; Humans; Lactobacillus; Lactobacillus crispa	2023
An exploratory pilot study evaluating the supplementation of standard antibiotic therapy with probiotic lactobacilli in south African women with bacterial vaginosis. BMC infectious diseases, 2019, Sep-18, Volume: 19, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefixime; Doxycycline; Female; Humans; Lactobacillus; Metr	2019
Probiotics in addition to metronidazole for treatment Trichomonas vaginalis in the presence of BV: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2020, Volume: 39, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adult; Antiprotozoal Agents; Coinfection; Combined Modality Therapy; F	2020
Acceptability of and treatment preferences for recurrent bacterial vaginosis-Topical lactic acid gel or oral metronidazole antibiotic: Qualitative findings from the VITA trial. PloS one, 2019, Volume: 14, Issue:11 Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Gels; Humans; L	2019
Metronidazole versus lactic acid for treating bacterial vaginosis (VITA): protocol for a randomised controlled trial to assess the clinical and cost effectiveness of topical lactic acid gel for treating second and subsequent episodes of bacterial vaginosi Trials, 2019, Nov-27, Volume: 20, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Comparative Effectiveness Research; Cost-Benefi	2019
An Integrated Efficacy and Safety Analysis of Single-Dose Secnidazole 2 g in the Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis. Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.), 2020, Volume: 27, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans;	2020
Randomized Trial of Lactin-V to Prevent Recurrence of Bacterial Vaginosis. The New England journal of medicine, 2020, 05-14, Volume: 382, Issue:20 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiosis; Double-Blind Met	2020
Randomized Trial of Lactin-V to Prevent Recurrence of Bacterial Vaginosis. The New England journal of medicine, 2020, 05-14, Volume: 382, Issue:20 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiosis; Double-Blind Met	2020
Randomized Trial of Lactin-V to Prevent Recurrence of Bacterial Vaginosis. The New England journal of medicine, 2020, 05-14, Volume: 382, Issue:20 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiosis; Double-Blind Met	2020
Randomized Trial of Lactin-V to Prevent Recurrence of Bacterial Vaginosis. The New England journal of medicine, 2020, 05-14, Volume: 382, Issue:20 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiosis; Double-Blind Met	2020
Exploring potential of vaginal Lactobacillus isolates from South African women for enhancing treatment for bacterial vaginosis. PLoS pathogens, 2020, Volume: 16, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Clindamycin; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Gardn	2020
Testing the regulatory framework in South Africa - a single-blind randomized pilot trial of commercial probiotic supplementation to standard therapy in women with bacterial vaginosis. BMC infectious diseases, 2020, Jul-10, Volume: 20, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dietary Supplements; Drug Approval; Fema	2020
The effect of Quercus (Oak Gal) vaginal cream versus metronidazole vaginal gel on bacterial vaginosis: A double‑blind randomized controlled trial. Complementary therapies in medicine, 2020, Volume: 52 Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Quercus; Vaginal C	2020
Treating male partners of women with bacterial vaginosis (StepUp): a protocol for a randomised controlled trial to assess the clinical effectiveness of male partner treatment for reducing the risk of BV recurrence. BMC infectious diseases, 2020, Nov-11, Volume: 20, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Australia; Clindamycin; F	2020
A novel non-antimicrobial treatment of bacterial vaginosis: An open label two-private centre study. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, 2021, Volume: 256 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Female; Humans; M	2021
Efficacy and Safety of Single Oral Dosing of Secnidazole for Trichomoniasis in Women: Results of a Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Delayed-Treatment Study. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2021, 09-15, Volume: 73, Issue:6 Topics: Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Treatment Outcome; Trichomonas Infections; Vagin	2021
Clinical comparative study of optimized metronidazole loaded lipid nanocarrier vaginal emulgel for management of bacterial vaginosis and its recurrence. Drug delivery, 2021, Volume: 28, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D	2021
Secnidazole Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Obstetrics and gynecology, 2017, Volume: 130, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Antiprotozoal Agents; Bla	2017
The urinary microbiota of men and women and its changes in women during bacterial vaginosis and antibiotic treatment. Microbiome, 2017, 08-14, Volume: 5, Issue:1 Topics: Actinobacteria; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Gardnerella vaginalis; Healthy Volunteers; Hig	2017
A phase-3, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effectiveness and safety of single oral doses of secnidazole 2 g for the treatment of women with bacterial vaginosis. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2017, Volume: 217, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Antiprotozoal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Diarrhea;	2017
Treatment of biofilms in bacterial vaginosis by an amphoteric tenside pessary-clinical study and microbiota analysis. Microbiome, 2017, 09-13, Volume: 5, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Female; Gardnerella vaginalis; High-Throughput Nucleotide Se	2017
Thorough QT/QTc Evaluation of the Cardiac Safety of Secnidazole at Therapeutic and Supratherapeutic Doses in Healthy Individuals. Journal of clinical pharmacology, 2018, Volume: 58, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Antiprotozoal Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Electrocardiography; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Lo	2018
The effect of prebiotic vaginal gel with adjuvant oral metronidazole tablets on treatment and recurrence of bacterial vaginosis: a triple-blind randomized controlled study. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 2018, Volume: 297, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adolescent; Adult; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Middle Aged; Prebiot	2018
Two Phase 1, Open-Label, Single-Dose, Randomized, Crossover Studies to Assess the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Orally Administered Granules of Secnidazole (2 g) in Healthy Female Volunteers Under Different Administration Conditions. Clinical pharmacology in drug development, 2018, Volume: 7, Issue:5 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Area Under Curve; Biological Availability; Cross-Over Studies; Drug Com	2018
Treatment for Symptomatic Bacterial Vaginosis: ARandomized Controlled Trial. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP, 2017, Volume: 27, Issue:11 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antiprotozoal Agen	2017
Long-term Lactobacillus rhamnosus BMX 54 application to restore a balanced vaginal ecosystem: a promising solution against HPV-infection. BMC infectious diseases, 2018, 01-05, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adult; Female; Fluconazole; Humans; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Metr	2018
Long-term Lactobacillus rhamnosus BMX 54 application to restore a balanced vaginal ecosystem: a promising solution against HPV-infection. BMC infectious diseases, 2018, 01-05, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adult; Female; Fluconazole; Humans; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Metr	2018
Long-term Lactobacillus rhamnosus BMX 54 application to restore a balanced vaginal ecosystem: a promising solution against HPV-infection. BMC infectious diseases, 2018, 01-05, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adult; Female; Fluconazole; Humans; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Metr	2018
Long-term Lactobacillus rhamnosus BMX 54 application to restore a balanced vaginal ecosystem: a promising solution against HPV-infection. BMC infectious diseases, 2018, 01-05, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adult; Female; Fluconazole; Humans; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Metr	2018
A Phase 3, Multicenter, Prospective, Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Safety of a Single Dose of Secnidazole 2 g for the Treatment of Women and Postmenarchal Adolescent Girls with Bacterial Vaginosis. Journal of women's health (2002), 2018, Volume: 27, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Antiprotozoal Agents; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Prospe	2018
Effect of vaginal suppository on bacterial vaginitis based on Persian medicine (Iranian traditional medicine): a randomised double blind clinical study. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2018, Volume: 38, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Double-Blind Method; Female; Foeniculum; Humans; Medicine, Traditional	2018
Single-dose versus 7-day-dose metronidazole for the treatment of trichomoniasis in women: an open-label, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 2018, Volume: 18, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antiprotozoal Agents; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Middle Aged; Time Factors; T	2018
Comparing the effect of sucrose gel and metronidazole gel in treatment of clinical symptoms of bacterial vaginosis: a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 2018, Oct-26, Volume: 19, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Gels; Humans; Iran;	2018
Evidence-based mixture containing Lactobacillus strains and lactoferrin to prevent recurrent bacterial vaginosis: a double blind, placebo controlled, randomised clinical trial. Beneficial microbes, 2019, Feb-08, Volume: 10, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Lactobacillus; La	2019
Association between preterm delivery and bacterial vaginosis with or without treatment. Scientific reports, 2019, 01-24, Volume: 9, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Metronidazole; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Prematur	2019
Combined vaginal administration of nystatin, diiodohydroxyquin, and benzalkonium chloride versus oral metronidazole for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2019, Volume: 145, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Benzalkonium Compo	2019
High-dose vaginal metronidazole for recurrent bacterial vaginosis--a pilot study. Journal of lower genital tract disease, 2014, Volume: 18, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Miconazole; Pilot Projects; Recurrence;	2014
Prevention and control of sexually transmissible infections among hotel-based female sex workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Sexual health, 2013, Volume: 10, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Bangladesh; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Cefixime; Ch	2013
[Efficacy of combined 5-nitroimidazole and probiotic therapy of bacterial vaginosis: randomized open trial]. Akusherstvo i ginekologiia, 2013, Volume: 52, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Female; Humans; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus; Lactobacillu	2013
[Probiotic monotherapy of bacterial vaginosis: a open, randomized trial]. Akusherstvo i ginekologiia, 2013, Volume: 52 Suppl 1 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Clinda	2013
[Effect of Lactobacillus casei var rhamnosus (Gynophilus) in restoring the vaginal flora by female patients with bacterial vaginosis--randomized, open clinical trial]. Akusherstvo i ginekologiia, 2013, Volume: 52 Suppl 1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Female; Humans; Lacticaseibacillus casei; Lacticaseibacill	2013
Probiotics--a helpful additional therapy for bacterial vaginosis. Journal of medicine and life, 2013, Volume: 6, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Middle Aged; Probiotics; Vaginosis, Bac	2013
A blinded, randomized controlled trial of high-dose vitamin D supplementation to reduce recurrence of bacterial vaginosis. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2014, Volume: 211, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Cholecalciferol; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Female; Hum	2014
Metronidazole vaginal gel 1.3% in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis: a dose-ranging study. Journal of lower genital tract disease, 2015, Volume: 19, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Middle Aged; Single-Blind M	2015
Randomized Trial of Periodic Presumptive Treatment With High-Dose Intravaginal Metronidazole and Miconazole to Prevent Vaginal Infections in HIV-negative Women. The Journal of infectious diseases, 2015, Jun-15, Volume: 211, Issue:12 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Chemoprevention; Female; Humans	2015
Vaginal colonisation by probiotic lactobacilli and clinical outcome in women conventionally treated for bacterial vaginosis and yeast infection. BMC infectious diseases, 2015, Jul-03, Volume: 15 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovag	2015
BASIC study: is intravaginal boric acid non-inferior to metronidazole in symptomatic bacterial vaginosis? Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 2015, Jul-26, Volume: 16 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Boric Acids; British Columbi	2015
A Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Vehicle-Controlled Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Metronidazole Vaginal Gel 1.3% in the Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis. Sexually transmitted diseases, 2015, Volume: 42, Issue:7 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Met	2015
Comparison of the Effect of Vaginal Zataria multiflora Cream and Oral Metronidazole Pill on Results of Treatments for Vaginal Infections including Trichomoniasis and Bacterial Vaginosis in Women of Reproductive Age. BioMed research international, 2015, Volume: 2015 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Female; Humans; Lamiaceae; Metronidazole; Ointme	2015
Supplementation of standard antibiotic therapy with oral probiotics for bacterial vaginosis and aerobic vaginitis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. BMC women's health, 2015, Dec-03, Volume: 15 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method	2015
[Sucrose gel for treatment of bacterial vaginosis: a randomized, double-blind, multi-center, parallel-group, phase III clinical trial]. Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences, 2015, Dec-18, Volume: 47, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Gels; Human	2015
Periodic Presumptive Treatment for Vaginal Infections May Reduce the Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections. The Journal of infectious diseases, 2016, 06-15, Volume: 213, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Drug Therapy, Combination	2016
Lack of a Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between SYM-1219 Granules Containing 2 Grams of Secnidazole and a Combined Oral Contraceptive in a Phase 1, Randomized, Open-Label Study in Healthy Female Volunteers. Advances in therapy, 2017, Volume: 33, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; Drug Interactions; Ethinyl Estradiol; Female; Humans; Metroni	2017
Impact of Periodic Presumptive Treatment for Bacterial Vaginosis on the Vaginal Microbiome among Women Participating in the Preventing Vaginal Infections Trial. The Journal of infectious diseases, 2017, 03-01, Volume: 215, Issue:5 Topics: Actinobacteria; Administration, Topical; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Dose-Response Rel	2017
Intravaginally applied metronidazole is as effective as orally applied in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis, but exhibits significantly less side effects. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, 2008, Volume: 141, Issue:2 Topics: Abdominal Pain; Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Adult; Double-Blind Method; Fema	2008
A comparative study of the therapeutic effects of the Zataria multiflora vaginal cream and metronidazole vaginal gel on bacterial vaginosis. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 2008, Volume: 15, Issue:12 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Humans; Lamiaceae; Metronidazole	2008
Effectiveness of vaginal administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus following conventional metronidazole therapy: how to lower the rate of bacterial vaginosis recurrences. The new microbiologica, 2008, Volume: 31, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Complementary Ther	2008
Effect of oral N-acetyl cysteine on recurrent preterm labor following treatment for bacterial vaginosis. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2009, Volume: 104, Issue:1 Topics: Acetylcysteine; Administration, Oral; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Femal	2009
[Efficacy of 5-nitroimidazole derivatives in treatment of bacterial vaginosis]. Zhonghua yi xue za zhi, 2008, Aug-12, Volume: 88, Issue:31 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Adult; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Adminis	2008
Fertility intentions of HIV-1 infected and uninfected women in Malawi: a longitudinal study. AIDS and behavior, 2009, Volume: 13 Suppl 1 Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Family Planning Services; Female; Fertility; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Hu	2009
Levofloxacin plus metronidazole in uncomplicated pelvic inflammatory disease: a preliminary study. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, 2009, Volume: 145, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chlamydia Infections; Female; Humans; Levofloxacin; Metronidazole; Ofl	2009
Comparison of oral and vaginal metronidazole for treatment of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy: impact on fastidious bacteria. BMC infectious diseases, 2009, Jun-10, Volume: 9 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Female;	2009
Effect of treatment of asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis on HIV-1 shedding in the genital tract among women on antiretroviral therapy: a pilot study. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2009, Sep-15, Volume: 49, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Female; Genitalia, Female; HIV	2009
Comparison of local metronidazole and a local antiseptic in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 2010, Volume: 282, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Ethylene Glycols; Fem	2010
Probiotic and metronidazole treatment for recurrent bacterial vaginosis. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2010, Volume: 108, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Anti-Infective Agents; Female; Gels; Humans; Metronidazole; Pilot Proj	2010
Changes in the vaginal microenvironment with metronidazole treatment for bacterial vaginosis in early pregnancy. Journal of women's health (2002), 2009, Volume: 18, Issue:11 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Humans; Me	2009
Long-term vaginal administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus as a complementary approach to management of bacterial vaginosis. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2010, Volume: 110, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Complementary Ther	2010
Pharmacokinetics of metronidazole in pregnant patients with bacterial vaginosis. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians, 2011, Volume: 24, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Area Under Curve; Blood Chemical Analysis; Chrom	2011
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and L. reuteri RC-14 to prevent or cure bacterial vaginosis among women with HIV. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2010, Volume: 111, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Double-Blind Method; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Lacti	2010
Directed shift of vaginal flora after topical application of sucrose gel in a phase III clinical trial: a novel treatment for bacterial vaginosis. Chinese medical journal, 2010, Aug-05, Volume: 123, Issue:15 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Double-Blind Method; Female;	2010
Treatment of bacterial vaginosis: a multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy, randomised phase III study comparing secnidazole and metronidazole. Infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology, 2010, Volume: 2010 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Infective Agents; Chi-Square Distribution; Double-Blind Method; Female	2010
Effect of lyophilized lactobacilli and 0.03 mg estriol (Gynoflor®) on vaginitis and vaginosis with disrupted vaginal microflora: a multicenter, randomized, single-blind, active-controlled pilot study. Gynecologic and obstetric investigation, 2010, Volume: 70, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adolescent; Adult; Bacteria, Aerobic; Estriol; Female; Freeze Drying;	2010
Tinidazole vs metronidazole for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2011, Volume: 204, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Metronidazo	2011
Randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy of the vaginal use of metronidazole with a Brazilian pepper tree (Schinus) extract for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas, 2011, Volume: 44, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adult; Anacardiaceae; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Double-Blind Method; Fema	2011
The influence of bacterial vaginosis on the response to Trichomonas vaginalis treatment among HIV-infected women. Sexually transmitted infections, 2011, Volume: 87, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Anti-Infective Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Dru	2011
Pilot randomized trial for treatment of bacterial vaginosis using in situ forming metronidazole vaginal gel. The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research, 2011, Volume: 37, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chemical Phenomena; Drug Delivery Systems; Female; Hot Temperature; Hu	2011
Controlled study on thymol + eugenol vaginal douche versus econazole in vaginal candidiasis and metronidazole in bacterial vaginosis. Arzneimittel-Forschung, 2011, Volume: 61, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adult; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Chemistry, Pharma	2011
Effects of bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria and sexual intercourse on vaginal colonization with the probiotic Lactobacillus crispatus CTV-05. Sexually transmitted diseases, 2011, Volume: 38, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Coitus; DNA, Bacterial; Female; Gardnerella vagi	2011
Effects of bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria and sexual intercourse on vaginal colonization with the probiotic Lactobacillus crispatus CTV-05. Sexually transmitted diseases, 2011, Volume: 38, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Coitus; DNA, Bacterial; Female; Gardnerella vagi	2011
Effects of bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria and sexual intercourse on vaginal colonization with the probiotic Lactobacillus crispatus CTV-05. Sexually transmitted diseases, 2011, Volume: 38, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Coitus; DNA, Bacterial; Female; Gardnerella vagi	2011
Effects of bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria and sexual intercourse on vaginal colonization with the probiotic Lactobacillus crispatus CTV-05. Sexually transmitted diseases, 2011, Volume: 38, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Coitus; DNA, Bacterial; Female; Gardnerella vagi	2011
Influence of early self-diagnosis and treatment of bacterial vaginosis on preterm birth rate. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2012, Volume: 117, Issue:3 Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Diagnostic Self Evaluation; Female; Gentian Violet; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Conc	2012
The posttrial effect of oral periodic presumptive treatment for vaginal infections on the incidence of bacterial vaginosis and Lactobacillus colonization. Sexually transmitted diseases, 2012, Volume: 39, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Antifungal Agents; Cohort Studies; Female; Fluconazole; Fo	2012
Efficacy of oral metronidazole with vaginal clindamycin or vaginal probiotic for bacterial vaginosis: randomised placebo-controlled double-blind trial. PloS one, 2012, Volume: 7, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clinda	2012
Recurrence of bacterial vaginosis is significantly associated with posttreatment sexual activities and hormonal contraceptive use. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2013, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Austra	2013
The restoration of the vaginal microbiota after treatment for bacterial vaginosis with metronidazole or probiotics. Microbial ecology, 2013, Volume: 65, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Bacteria; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Lactobacillus; Metagenome; M	2013
Local treatment of bacterial vaginosis with a bioadhesive metronidazole tablet. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, 2002, Oct-10, Volume: 105, Issue:1 Topics: Adhesiveness; Administration, Intravaginal; Anti-Infective Agents; Double-Blind Method; Female; Huma	2002
[Treatment of bacterial vaginosis with high dosage metronidazole and lactic acid]. Akusherstvo i ginekologiia, 2002, Volume: 41, Issue:5 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Anti-Infective Agents; Female; Humans; Lactic Acid; Metronidazole; Vag	2002
Does pre- and postoperative metronidazole treatment lower vaginal cuff infection rate after abdominal hysterectomy among women with bacterial vaginosis? Infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology, 2002, Volume: 10, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Rectal; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Female; Follow-Up Studi	2002
Single hydrogen peroxide vaginal douching versus single-dose oral metronidazole for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet, 2003, Volume: 86 Suppl 2 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-I	2003
Clinical and cervical cytokine response to treatment with oral or vaginal metronidazole for bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy: a randomized trial. Obstetrics and gynecology, 2003, Volume: 102, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Cytokines; Dose-Response Rela	2003
Time course of the regression of asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy with and without treatment. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2004, Volume: 190, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Inf	2004
Personal digital assistants used to document compliance of bacterial vaginosis treatment. Sexually transmitted diseases, 2004, Volume: 31, Issue:8 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Computers, Handhel	2004
Randomised treatment trial of bacterial vaginosis to prevent post-abortion complication. BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2004, Volume: 111, Issue:9 Topics: Abortion, Induced; Adult; Ambulatory Care; Double-Blind Method; Doxycycline; Drug Therapy, Combinati	2004
Bacterial vaginosis and anaerobic bacteria are associated with endometritis. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2004, Oct-01, Volume: 39, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Endometritis; Female; Humans; Metroni	2004
Antimicrobial resistance associated with the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2004, Volume: 191, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Clindamycin; Drug Resistance, Bacte	2004
Intravaginal metronidazole gel versus metronidazole plus nystatin ovules for bacterial vaginosis: a randomized controlled trial. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2004, Volume: 191, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adolescent; Adult; Capsules; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Confidence Int	2004
Low-dose secnidazole in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2005, Volume: 88, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Antiprotozoal Agents; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Middle Aged; Papanicolaou Test; Treatmen	2005
Spontaneous resolution of asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis in pregnancy. Obstetrics and gynecology, 2005, Volume: 105, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Double-Blind Method; Fema	2005
Why do different criteria for 'cure' yield different conclusions in comparing two treatments for bacterial vaginosis? Sexually transmitted diseases, 2005, Volume: 32, Issue:9 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Therapy, Combination; Femal	2005
Microbiologic response to treatment of bacterial vaginosis with topical clindamycin or metronidazole. Journal of clinical microbiology, 2005, Volume: 43, Issue:9 Topics: Administration, Topical; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteroidaceae; Bacteroidaceae In	2005
Short-term therapy for mixed vaginal infections. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2006, Volume: 92, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Oral; Antifungal Agents; Antiprotozoal Agents; Antitrichomonal Agents; Candidiasis,	2006
A randomised controlled trial of metronidazole for the prevention of preterm birth in women positive for cervicovaginal fetal fibronectin: the PREMET Study. BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2006, Volume: 113, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Biomarkers; Birth Weight; Cervix Uteri; Double-B	2006
A pilot clinical trial comparing an acid-buffering formulation (ACIDFORM gel) with metronidazole gel for the treatment of symptomatic bacterial vaginosis. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2006, Volume: 61, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Administration Schedule; Epidemiolo	2006
Metronidazole with Lactacyd vaginal gel in bacterial vaginosis. The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research, 2006, Volume: 32, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Immune	2006
Suppressive antibacterial therapy with 0.75% metronidazole vaginal gel to prevent recurrent bacterial vaginosis. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2006, Volume: 194, Issue:5 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration	2006
Augmentation of antimicrobial metronidazole therapy of bacterial vaginosis with oral probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14: randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Microbes and infection, 2006, Volume: 8, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Lacticaseibacillus rh	2006
Augmentation of antimicrobial metronidazole therapy of bacterial vaginosis with oral probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14: randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Microbes and infection, 2006, Volume: 8, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Lacticaseibacillus rh	2006
Augmentation of antimicrobial metronidazole therapy of bacterial vaginosis with oral probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14: randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Microbes and infection, 2006, Volume: 8, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Lacticaseibacillus rh	2006
Augmentation of antimicrobial metronidazole therapy of bacterial vaginosis with oral probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14: randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Microbes and infection, 2006, Volume: 8, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Lacticaseibacillus rh	2006
Clinical study comparing probiotic Lactobacillus GR-1 and RC-14 with metronidazole vaginal gel to treat symptomatic bacterial vaginosis. Microbes and infection, 2006, Volume: 8, Issue:12-13 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Humans; Lactobacillus; Metronida	2006
A randomized trial of the duration of therapy with metronidazole plus or minus azithromycin for treatment of symptomatic bacterial vaginosis. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2007, Jan-15, Volume: 44, Issue:2 Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy	2007
The effects of intravaginal clindamycin and metronidazole therapy on vaginal mobiluncus morphotypes in patients with bacterial vaginosis. Sexually transmitted diseases, 2007, Volume: 34, Issue:4 Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Administration, Intravaginal; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clindamycin;	2007
Cultivation-independent analysis of changes in bacterial vaginosis flora following metronidazole treatment. Journal of clinical microbiology, 2007, Volume: 45, Issue:3 Topics: Actinobacteria; Anti-Infective Agents; DNA, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Lactobacillus; Metronidazole;	2007
A randomized trial of metronidazole in asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis to prevent the acquisition of sexually transmitted diseases. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2007, Volume: 196, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adult; Alabama; Anti-Infective Agents; Chlamydia Infections; Female; G	2007
The relationship between resolution of asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis and spontaneous preterm birth in fetal fibronectin-positive women. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2007, Volume: 197, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Comorbidity; Female; Fibronectins; Humans; Metronidazole; Pregnancy; P	2007
Treatment options for bacterial vaginosis in patients at high risk of preterm labor and premature rupture of membranes. The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research, 2007, Volume: 33, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clindamycin; Femal	2007
Improvement of vaginal health for Kenyan women at risk for acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: results of a randomized trial. The Journal of infectious diseases, 2008, May-15, Volume: 197, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Fluc	2008
Reduced incidence of preterm delivery with metronidazole and erythromycin in women with bacterial vaginosis. The New England journal of medicine, 1995, Dec-28, Volume: 333, Issue:26 Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antitrichomonal Agents; Body Weight; Double-Blind Method; Erythromycin	1995
Reduced incidence of preterm delivery with metronidazole and erythromycin in women with bacterial vaginosis. The New England journal of medicine, 1995, Dec-28, Volume: 333, Issue:26 Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antitrichomonal Agents; Body Weight; Double-Blind Method; Erythromycin	1995
Reduced incidence of preterm delivery with metronidazole and erythromycin in women with bacterial vaginosis. The New England journal of medicine, 1995, Dec-28, Volume: 333, Issue:26 Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antitrichomonal Agents; Body Weight; Double-Blind Method; Erythromycin	1995
Reduced incidence of preterm delivery with metronidazole and erythromycin in women with bacterial vaginosis. The New England journal of medicine, 1995, Dec-28, Volume: 333, Issue:26 Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antitrichomonal Agents; Body Weight; Double-Blind Method; Erythromycin	1995
Bacterial vaginosis. The Journal of family practice, 1995, Volume: 41, Issue:6 Topics: Antitrichomonal Agents; Clindamycin; Female; Gardnerella vaginalis; Humans; Metronidazole; Vaginosis	1995
Treatment of bacterial vaginosis: a comparison of oral metronidazole, metronidazole vaginal gel, and clindamycin vaginal cream. The Journal of family practice, 1995, Volume: 41, Issue:5 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Candid	1995
[New alternatives in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis]. Ginecologia y obstetricia de Mexico, 1994, Volume: 62 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Clindamycin; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies	1994
Bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy and efficacy of short-course oral metronidazole treatment: a randomized controlled trial. Obstetrics and gynecology, 1994, Volume: 84, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Follow-Up St	1994
Effect of metronidazole in patients with preterm birth in preceding pregnancy and bacterial vaginosis: a placebo-controlled, double-blind study. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1994, Volume: 171, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Double-Blind Method; Female; Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Inf	1994
Bacterial vaginosis: efficacy and safety of intravaginal metronidazole treatment. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1994, Volume: 170, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adult; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Prospective	1994
Metronidazole combined with nystatin (vagitories) in the prevention of bacterial vaginosis after initial treatment with oral metronidazole. Gynecologic and obstetric investigation, 1993, Volume: 36, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Adult; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; F	1993
Effect of lactic acid suppositories compared with oral metronidazole and placebo in bacterial vaginosis: a randomised clinical trial. Genitourinary medicine, 1993, Volume: 69, Issue:5 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Female; Humans; Lactates; Metronidazole; Middle Aged; Recur	1993
Efficacy of clindamycin vaginal cream versus oral metronidazole in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. Obstetrics and gynecology, 1993, Volume: 82, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Clindamycin; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow	1993
Erythromycin versus metronidazole in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 1993, Volume: 72, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Erythromycin; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Metr	1993
Long-term follow-up of patients with bacterial vaginosis treated with oral metronidazole and topical clindamycin. The Journal of infectious diseases, 1993, Volume: 167, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Clindamycin; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Metro	1993
Long-term follow-up of patients with bacterial vaginosis treated with oral metronidazole and topical clindamycin. The Journal of infectious diseases, 1993, Volume: 167, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Clindamycin; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Metro	1993
Long-term follow-up of patients with bacterial vaginosis treated with oral metronidazole and topical clindamycin. The Journal of infectious diseases, 1993, Volume: 167, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Clindamycin; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Metro	1993
Long-term follow-up of patients with bacterial vaginosis treated with oral metronidazole and topical clindamycin. The Journal of infectious diseases, 1993, Volume: 167, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Clindamycin; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Metro	1993
Efficacy of intravaginal 0.75% metronidazole gel for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. Obstetrics and gynecology, 1993, Volume: 81, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adult; Bacteroides Infections; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gardnerell	1993
Treatment of vaginitis. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 1996, Volume: 52, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Antifungal Agents; Antitrichomonal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Female; Humans; Metroni	1996
Preliminary efficacy study of a bioadhesive vaginal metronidazole tablet in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 1995, Volume: 47, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antitrichomonal Agents; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Middl	1995
Recurrent bacterial vaginosis--an old approach to a new problem. International journal of STD & AIDS, 1996, Volume: 7, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Antitrichomonal Agents; Female; Humans;	1996
Impact of metronidazole therapy on preterm birth in women with bacterial vaginosis flora (Gardnerella vaginalis): a randomised, placebo controlled trial. British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 1997, Volume: 104, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Antitrichomonal Agents; Female; Gardnerella vaginalis; Humans; Metronidazole; Obstetric Labor	1997
A randomised comparison of strategies for reducing infective complications of induced abortion. British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 1998, Volume: 105, Issue:6 Topics: Abortion, Induced; Adult; Age Distribution; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Cost of I	1998
Treatment of bacterial vaginosis with oral or vaginal ornidazole, secnidazole and metronidazole. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 1998, Volume: 62, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Anti-Infective Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination	1998
Evaluation of two clinical protocols for the management of women with vaginal discharge in southern Thailand. Sexually transmitted infections, 1998, Volume: 74, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Clinical Protocols; Doxycycline; Female; Go	1998
Comparison of once-daily and twice-daily dosing of 0.75% metronidazole gel in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. Sexually transmitted diseases, 1999, Volume: 26, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Female	1999
Oral metronidazole vs. Metrogel Vaginal for treating bacterial vaginosis. Cost-effectiveness evaluation. The Journal of reproductive medicine, 1999, Volume: 44, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Cost-B	1999
Metronidazole to prevent preterm delivery in pregnant women with asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Network of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units. The New England journal of medicine, 2000, Feb-24, Volume: 342, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Disease-Free Survival; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Infant, Ne	2000
[Therapeutic regimens for treating bacterial vaginosis in pregnant women]. Akusherstvo i ginekologiia, 1999, Volume: 38, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adolescent; Adult; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective A	1999
Vaginal clindamycin and oral metronidazole for bacterial vaginosis: a randomized trial. Obstetrics and gynecology, 2000, Volume: 96, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-I	2000
Asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis: response to therapy. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2000, Volume: 183, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gels; Humans; Metronidazole; Odorants; Tr	2000
Metronidazole for bacterial vaginosis. A comparison of vaginal gel vs. oral therapy. The Journal of reproductive medicine, 2000, Volume: 45, Issue:11 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Female	2000
The effect of treatment of vaginal infections on shedding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. The Journal of infectious diseases, 2001, Apr-01, Volume: 183, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antitrichomonal Agents; Candidiasis; DNA, Viral; Down-Regulation; Fema	2001
Antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent post-abortal upper genital tract infection in women with bacterial vaginosis: randomised controlled trial. BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2001, Volume: 108, Issue:4 Topics: Abortion, Induced; Administration, Intravaginal; Adolescent; Adult; Algorithms; Animals; Anti-Bacter	2001
Efficacy of 7-day treatment with metronidazole+miconazole (Neo-Penotran) - a triple-active pessary for the treatment of single and mixed vaginal infections. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 2001, Volume: 74, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Adolescent; Adult; Antifungal Agents; Antitrichomonal Agents; Candidia	2001
Metronidazole treatment of women with a positive fetal fibronectin test result. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2001, Volume: 185, Issue:2 Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Cervix Uteri; Female; Fibronectins; Gestational Age; Glycoproteins; Humans; M	2001
Interrelationships of bacterial vaginosis and cervical inflammation. Sexually transmitted diseases, 2002, Volume: 29, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents;	2002
Preterm labour--is bacterial vaginosis involved? South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde, 2002, Volume: 92, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Female; Gestational Age; Gravidity; Humans; Metronidazole; Obstetric L	2002
Clindamycin vaginal cream versus oral metronidazole in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis: a prospective double-blind clinical trial. Southern medical journal, 1992, Volume: 85, Issue:11 Topics: Administration, Intravaginal; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Clindamycin; Double-Blind Met	1992
Comparison of different metronidazole therapeutic regimens for bacterial vaginosis. A meta-analysis. JAMA, 1992, Jul-01, Volume: 268, Issue:1 Topics: Female; Humans; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Metronidazole; Vaginosis, Bacterial	1992
Bacterial vaginosis: treatment with clindamycin cream versus oral metronidazole. Obstetrics and gynecology, 1992, Volume: 79, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Clindamycin; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Metronidazole; Middle	1992
Incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease after first-trimester legal abortion in women with bacterial vaginosis after treatment with metronidazole: a double-blind, randomized study. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1992, Volume: 166, Issue:1 Pt 1 Topics: Abortion, Induced; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Female; Gonorrhea; Humans; Metronida	1992
Incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease after first-trimester legal abortion in women with bacterial vaginosis after treatment with metronidazole: a double-blind, randomized study. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1992, Volume: 166, Issue:1 Pt 1 Topics: Abortion, Induced; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Female; Gonorrhea; Humans; Metronida	1992
Incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease after first-trimester legal abortion in women with bacterial vaginosis after treatment with metronidazole: a double-blind, randomized study. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1992, Volume: 166, Issue:1 Pt 1 Topics: Abortion, Induced; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Female; Gonorrhea; Humans; Metronida	1992
Incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease after first-trimester legal abortion in women with bacterial vaginosis after treatment with metronidazole: a double-blind, randomized study. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1992, Volume: 166, Issue:1 Pt 1 Topics: Abortion, Induced; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Female; Gonorrhea; Humans; Metronida	1992
Treatment of bacterial vaginosis with metronidazole or pivampicillin. Scandinavian journal of primary health care, 1991, Volume: 9, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Double-Blind Method; Family Practice; Female; F	1991

metronidazole and Bacterial Vaginitides

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (387)

Authors

Clinical Trials (40)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

The Number of Participants Who Discontinued Study Product Early in Each Study Arm Due to Adverse Events.

The Proportion of Participants Experiencing Successful Colonization With L. Crispatus CTV-05 Following Dose of Study Product in the LACTIN-V Arm Overall.

The Proportion of Participants Experiencing Successful Colonization With L. Crispatus CTV-05 Following Dose of Study Product Overall.

The Proportion of Participants Reporting Product-related Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) in Each Study Arm.

The Proportion of Participants With a Positive BV Diagnosis in Each Study Arm.

The Proportion of Participants With a Positive BV Diagnosis in Each Study Arm.

Acceptability of LACTIN-V and the Applicator Measured by Self-administered Questionnaires About Acceptability - Continuous/Discrete Response Regarding Product

Acceptability of LACTIN-V and the Applicator Measured by Self-administered Questionnaires About Acceptability - Continuous/Discrete Response Regarding Product Use

The Proportion of Participants Experiencing Successful Colonization With L. Crispatus CTV-05 Following Dose of Study Product by Occurrence of Intercourse.

The Proportion of Participants Experiencing Successful Colonization With L. Crispatus CTV-05 Following Dose of Study Product by Occurrence of Intercourse.

The Proportion of Participants Experiencing Successful Colonization With L. Crispatus CTV-05 Following Dose of Study Product by Occurrence of Intercourse.

The Proportion of Participants Experiencing Successful Colonization With L. Crispatus CTV-05 Following Dose of Study Product by Occurrence of Intercourse.

The Proportion of Participants Experiencing Successful Colonization With L. Crispatus CTV-05 Following Dose of Study Product by Occurrence of Menses.

The Proportion of Participants Experiencing Successful Colonization With L. Crispatus CTV-05 Following Dose of Study Product by Occurrence of Menses.

The Proportion of Participants Experiencing Successful Colonization With L. Crispatus CTV-05 Following Dose of Study Product by Occurrence of Menses.

The Proportion of Participants Who Are Compliant With the Complete Dose Regimen as Assessed by Participant Reporting and Applicator Staining.

Acceptability of LACTIN-V and the Applicator Measured by Self-administered Questionnaires About Acceptability - Categorical Variables on Likert Scale

Number of Female Partners Whose Male Partners Received Metronidazole Versus Females Whose Male Partners Did Not Receive Metrodiazole With Recurrence of BV in the Female

Microbiological Cure at the TOC Visit

Cure of Bacterial Vaginosis

Number of Patients With Therapeutic Cure

TV Culture Positive Result

TV Culture Positive Result

Acceptability of LACTIN-V in Pre-filled Applicators

Safety of LACTIN-V in Healthy Pre-menopausal Women.

Tolerability of LACTIN-V in a Pre-filled Applicator.

Reviews

Trials

Other Studies