metoprolol has been researched along with Death, Sudden in 16 studies
Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.
metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.
Death, Sudden: The abrupt cessation of all vital bodily functions, manifested by the permanent loss of total cerebral, respiratory, and cardiovascular functions.
Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
---|---|---|
"Metoprolol can improve haemodynamics in chronic heart failure, but survival benefit has not been proven." | 9.09 | Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF) ( , 1999) |
"The Lopressor Intervention Trial (LIT) was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicentre study designed to evaluate the effect of oral metoprolol on overall mortality in patients surviving a recent acute myocardial infarction." | 9.06 | The Lopressor Intervention Trial: multicentre study of metoprolol in survivors of acute myocardial infarction. Lopressor Intervention Trial Research Group. ( , 1987) |
"The effects of metoprolol treatment in patients surviving acute myocardial infarction have been investigated in a double-blind randomized study." | 9.05 | Long-term treatment with metoprolol after myocardial infarction: effect on 3 year mortality and morbidity. ( Erhardt, L; Lundman, T; Olsson, G; Rehnqvist, N; Sjögren, A, 1985) |
"Metoprolol can improve haemodynamics in chronic heart failure, but survival benefit has not been proven." | 5.09 | Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF) ( , 1999) |
"In a randomized primary prevention trial including 3,234 men with mild to moderate uncomplicated hypertension, the effect of the beta-blocker metoprolol or a thiazide diuretic as an initial antihypertensive therapy was compared regarding the risk of sudden cardiovascular death during a follow-up ranging from 2." | 5.07 | Primary prevention of sudden cardiovascular death in hypertensive patients. Mortality results from the MAPHY Study. ( Barber, H; Berglund, G; Eliasson, K; Elmfeldt, D; Jastrup, B; Karatzas, N; Leer, J; Olsson, G; Tuomilehto, J; Warnold, I, 1991) |
"The Lopressor Intervention Trial (LIT) was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicentre study designed to evaluate the effect of oral metoprolol on overall mortality in patients surviving a recent acute myocardial infarction." | 5.06 | The Lopressor Intervention Trial: multicentre study of metoprolol in survivors of acute myocardial infarction. Lopressor Intervention Trial Research Group. ( , 1987) |
"The effects of metoprolol treatment in patients surviving acute myocardial infarction have been investigated in a double-blind randomized study." | 5.05 | Long-term treatment with metoprolol after myocardial infarction: effect on 3 year mortality and morbidity. ( Erhardt, L; Lundman, T; Olsson, G; Rehnqvist, N; Sjögren, A, 1985) |
"However, the incidence of sudden death and aborted sudden death (24% in all patients and 17% in compliant patients) strongly suggests the use of a "back-up" defibrillator, particularly in noncompliant adolescent patients." | 1.30 | Long-term follow-up of patients with long-QT syndrome treated with beta-blockers and continuous pacing. ( Belhassen, B; Dorostkar, PC; Eldar, M; Scheinman, MM, 1999) |
"In a sulfinpyrazone-treated group 3 out of 8, and in a metoprolol-treated group 2 out of 5 animals died." | 1.27 | Sudden death related to advanced coronary atherosclerosis in mini-pigs: influence of some drugs. ( Jacobsson, L; Lundholm, L; Wingren, G, 1984) |
" The latter, however, was taking antiarrhythmic drugs at a dosage less than that proved to be effective during electropharmacological testing." | 1.27 | [Value of a serial electropharmacologic study in survivors of a cardiac arrest secondary to ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation]. ( Delise, P; Di Pede, F; Piccolo, E; Raviele, A, 1984) |
Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
---|---|---|
pre-1990 | 10 (62.50) | 18.7374 |
1990's | 6 (37.50) | 18.2507 |
2000's | 0 (0.00) | 29.6817 |
2010's | 0 (0.00) | 24.3611 |
2020's | 0 (0.00) | 2.80 |
Authors | Studies |
---|---|
Hjalmarson, A | 1 |
Moser, M | 1 |
Gorlin, R | 1 |
Rotmensch, HH | 1 |
Vlasses, PH | 1 |
Ferguson, RK | 1 |
Jacobsson, L | 1 |
Lundholm, L | 1 |
Wingren, G | 1 |
Raviele, A | 1 |
Di Pede, F | 1 |
Delise, P | 1 |
Piccolo, E | 1 |
Lane, CD | 1 |
Dorostkar, PC | 1 |
Eldar, M | 1 |
Belhassen, B | 1 |
Scheinman, MM | 1 |
Tuomilehto, J | 2 |
Wikstrand, J | 1 |
Warnold, I | 2 |
Olsson, G | 3 |
Elmfeldt, D | 2 |
Berglund, G | 2 |
Dellsperger, KC | 1 |
Martins, JB | 1 |
Clothier, JL | 1 |
Marcus, ML | 1 |
Barber, H | 1 |
Eliasson, K | 1 |
Jastrup, B | 1 |
Karatzas, N | 1 |
Leer, J | 1 |
Rehnqvist, N | 1 |
Sjögren, A | 1 |
Erhardt, L | 1 |
Lundman, T | 1 |
Salathia, KS | 1 |
Barber, JM | 1 |
McIlmoyle, EL | 1 |
Nicholas, J | 1 |
Evans, AE | 1 |
Elwood, JH | 1 |
Cran, G | 1 |
Shanks, RG | 1 |
Boyle, DM | 1 |
Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Long Term Study on the Possible Beneficial Effects of Catheterised Renal Denervation in Patients With Heart Failure and Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction Who Are Already on Standard Medical Therapy.[NCT01870310] | 50 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2012-06-30 | Recruiting | |||
Bisoprolol Plasma Residual Concentrations for the Optimization of Drug Management in Heart Failure With Mild to Reduced Ejection Fraction[NCT03644446] | 81 participants (Anticipated) | Observational [Patient Registry] | 2017-11-02 | Recruiting | |||
A Multicenter,Randomized, Double Blind, Double Dummy, Parallel Group Study to Compare Effects of Coreg CR and Coreg IR on Left Ventricular End Systolic Volume Index in Subjects With Stable Chronic Heart Failure[NCT00323037] | Phase 3 | 318 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-03-31 | Completed | ||
Beta-blocker Uptitration in Heart Failure Patients Receiving Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy With Optivol Fluid Status Monitoring System[NCT00433043] | Phase 4 | 2 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-01-31 | Terminated (stopped due to Insufficient enrollment) | ||
A Randomized Study of the MitraClip Device in Heart Failure Patients With Clinically Significant Functional Mitral Regurgitation[NCT01772108] | 42 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-04-30 | Terminated (stopped due to As recruitment rate was lower than anticipated) | |||
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] |
(NCT00323037)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after entry into the maintenance period
Intervention | percentage of change (Mean) |
---|---|
Carvedilol Immediate Release | -0.88 |
Carvedilol Controlled Release | -0.86 |
(NCT00323037)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after entry into the maintenance period
Intervention | percentage of change (Mean) |
---|---|
Carvedilol Immediate Release | 24.00 |
Carvedilol Controlled Release | 53.37 |
(NCT00323037)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after entry into the maintenance period
Intervention | percentage of change (Mean) |
---|---|
Carvedilol Immediate Release | -0.20 |
Carvedilol Controlled Release | -0.45 |
(NCT00323037)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after entry into the maintenance period
Intervention | percentage of change (Mean) |
---|---|
Carvedilol Immediate Release | -0.33 |
Carvedilol Controlled Release | -0.36 |
(NCT00323037)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after entry into the maintenance period
Intervention | percentage of change (Mean) |
---|---|
Carvedilol Immediate Release | -0.76 |
Carvedilol Controlled Release | -0.83 |
(NCT00323037)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after entry into the maintenance period
Intervention | percentage of change (Mean) |
---|---|
Carvedilol Immediate Release | .08 |
Carvedilol Controlled Release | .05 |
(NCT00323037)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after entry into the maintenance period
Intervention | percentage of change (Mean) |
---|---|
Carvedilol Immediate Release | .08 |
Carvedilol Controlled Release | .08 |
(NCT00323037)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after entry into the maintenance period
Intervention | percentage of change (Mean) |
---|---|
Carvedilol Immediate Release | -36.61 |
Carvedilol Controlled Release | -42.22 |
(NCT00323037)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after entry into the maintenance period
Intervention | percentage of change (Mean) |
---|---|
Carvedilol Immediate Release | -18.29 |
Carvedilol Controlled Release | -20.57 |
(NCT00323037)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after entry into the maintenance period
Intervention | percentage of change (Mean) |
---|---|
Carvedilol Immediate Release | -36.61 |
Carvedilol Controlled Release | -43.00 |
Maintenance Visit 3 minus Baseline. Maintenance Visit 3 occurred 24 weeks after entry into the maintenance period. The maintenance period started after completion of a titration period of variable duration. (NCT00323037)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after entry into the maintenance period
Intervention | mL/m^2 (Mean) |
---|---|
Coreg Immediate Release | -18.36 |
Coreg Controlled Release | -20.81 |
(NCT00323037)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after entry into the maintenance period
Intervention | percentage of change (Mean) |
---|---|
Carvedilol Immediate Release | 9.5 |
Carvedilol Controlled Release | -9.29 |
(NCT00323037)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after entry into the maintenance period
Intervention | percentage of change (Mean) |
---|---|
Carvedilol Immediate Release | .07 |
Carvedilol Controlled Release | .05 |
SAEs experienced (NCT00323037)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after entry into the maintenance phase (after unblinding)
Intervention | number of SAEs (Number) |
---|---|
Carvedilol Immediate Release | 40 |
Carvedilol Controlled Release | 35 |
(NCT00323037)
Timeframe: Up to 32 weeks (titration and maintenance phases)
Intervention | subjects in each treatment group (Number) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study Entry (10mg Coreg CR, 3.125mg Coreg IR) | Maintenance Entry (10mg Coreg CR, 3.125mg Coreg IR) | End of Study (10mg Coreg CR, 3.125mg Coreg IR) | Study Entry (20mg Coreg CR, 6.25mg Coreg IR) | Maintenance Entry (20mg Coreg CR, 6.25mg Coreg IR) | End of Study (20mg Coreg CR, 6.25mg Coreg IR) | Study Entry (40mg Coreg CR, 12.5mg Coreg IR) | Maintenance Entry (40mg Coreg CR, 12.5mg Coreg IR) | End of Study (40mg Coreg CR, 12.5mg Coreg IR) | Study Entry (80mg Coreg CR, 25mg Coreg IR) | Maintenance Entry (80mg Coreg CR, 25mg Coreg IR) | End of Study (80mg Coreg CR, 25mg Coreg IR) | |
Carvedilol Controlled Release | 83 | 0 | 4 | 39 | 9 | 16 | 27 | 16 | 22 | 4 | 114 | 111 |
Carvedilol Immediate Release | 79 | 0 | 7 | 61 | 13 | 16 | 21 | 12 | 21 | 4 | 116 | 121 |
(NCT00323037)
Timeframe: Up to 32 weeks (titration and maintenance phases)
Intervention | participants in each treatment group (Number) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Hospitalization for Heart Failure | Hospitalization Due to Any Cause | Hospitalization or Death | |
Carvedilol Controlled Release | 6 | 29 | 29 |
Carvedilol Immediate Release | 6 | 31 | 32 |
1 review available for metoprolol and Death, Sudden
Article | Year |
---|---|
Beta blocking agents: current status in the prevention of sudden coronary death.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Alprenolol; Atenolol; Clinical Trials as Topic; Coronary D | 1982 |
10 trials available for metoprolol and Death, Sudden
Article | Year |
---|---|
Beta blocking agents: current status in the prevention of sudden coronary death.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Alprenolol; Atenolol; Clinical Trials as Topic; Coronary D | 1982 |
Forum: beta-adrenoreceptor blockade after acute myocardial infarction.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Clinical Trials as Topic; Death, Sudden; Humans; Metoprolol; Myocardial | 1982 |
beta-Blockers and myocardial infarction.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Clinical Trials as Topic; Death, Sudden; Diuretic | 1982 |
Prophylactic use of beta-adrenergic blockade in survivors of myocardial infarction.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Clinical Trials as Topic; Death, Sudden; Humans; Metoprolol; Myocardial | 1984 |
Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF)
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Death, Sudden; | 1999 |
Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF)
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Death, Sudden; | 1999 |
Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF)
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Death, Sudden; | 1999 |
Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF)
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Death, Sudden; | 1999 |
Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF)
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Death, Sudden; | 1999 |
Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF)
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Death, Sudden; | 1999 |
Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF)
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Death, Sudden; | 1999 |
Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF)
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Death, Sudden; | 1999 |
Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF)
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Death, Sudden; | 1999 |
Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF)
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Death, Sudden; | 1999 |
Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF)
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Death, Sudden; | 1999 |
Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF)
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Death, Sudden; | 1999 |
Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF)
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Death, Sudden; | 1999 |
Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF)
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Death, Sudden; | 1999 |
Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF)
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Death, Sudden; | 1999 |
Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF)
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Death, Sudden; | 1999 |
Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF)
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Death, Sudden; | 1999 |
Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF)
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Death, Sudden; | 1999 |
Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF)
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Death, Sudden; | 1999 |
Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF)
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Death, Sudden; | 1999 |
Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF)
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Death, Sudden; | 1999 |
Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF)
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Death, Sudden; | 1999 |
Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF)
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Death, Sudden; | 1999 |
Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF)
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Death, Sudden; | 1999 |
Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF)
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Death, Sudden; | 1999 |
Coronary artery disease can be prevented by antihypertensive therapy: experiences from the MAPHY Study.
Topics: Adult; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzothiadiazines; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Coronary Disease; Deat | 1990 |
Primary prevention of sudden cardiovascular death in hypertensive patients. Mortality results from the MAPHY Study.
Topics: Adult; Arteriosclerosis; Bendroflumethiazide; Death, Sudden; Diuretics; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; H | 1991 |
The Lopressor Intervention Trial: multicentre study of metoprolol in survivors of acute myocardial infarction. Lopressor Intervention Trial Research Group.
Topics: Aged; Cause of Death; Clinical Trials as Topic; Death, Sudden; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; | 1987 |
Long-term treatment with metoprolol after myocardial infarction: effect on 3 year mortality and morbidity.
Topics: Aged; Angina Pectoris; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Clinical Trials as Topic; Co | 1985 |
Very early intervention with metoprolol in suspected acute myocardial infarction.
Topics: Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Death, Sudden; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Human | 1985 |
6 other studies available for metoprolol and Death, Sudden
Article | Year |
---|---|
Sudden death related to advanced coronary atherosclerosis in mini-pigs: influence of some drugs.
Topics: Animals; Cholesterol; Coronary Circulation; Coronary Disease; Coronary Vessels; Creatine Kinase; Dea | 1984 |
[Value of a serial electropharmacologic study in survivors of a cardiac arrest secondary to ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Amiodarone; Death, Sudden; Disopyramide; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electrocardiography | 1984 |
Sudden unexpected death in young adult due to right ventricular dysplasia.
Topics: Adult; Aging; Connective Tissue; Death, Sudden; Endocardium; Female; Forensic Medicine; Humans; Inci | 1997 |
Long-term follow-up of patients with long-QT syndrome treated with beta-blockers and continuous pacing.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Atenolol; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Stud | 1999 |
Incidence of sudden cardiac death associated with coronary artery occlusion in dogs with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy is reduced by chronic beta-adrenergic blockade.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Animals; Cardiomegaly; Coronary Circulation; Coronary Disease; Death, S | 1990 |
[Multicenter clinical trial on the prevention of sudden death after myocardial infarction by the use of anti-arrhythmia agents. Investigator Group of the Spanish Study on Sudden Death].
Topics: Amiodarone; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Captopril; Death, Sudden; Humans; Metoprolol; Multicenter Studies | 1989 |