metiamide and Gastrointestinal-Hemorrhage

Topics: Burimamide; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Cimetidine; Duodenal Ulcer; Esophagitis, Peptic; Gastric Acid; Gastrins; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Histamine; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Histamine H2 Antagonists; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Intrinsic Factor; Kinetics; Malabsorption Syndromes; Metiamide; Pancreas; Pepsin A; Ranitidine; Receptors, Histamine H2; Stomach Ulcer; Stress, Psychological; Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

Topics: Anticoagulants; Cimetidine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Gastrectomy; Gastric Juice; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Methods; Metiamide; Pepsin A; Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage; Vagotomy

Development of histamine H2-receptor antagonists has enhanced the understanding of histamine physiology and pharmacology. The effect of H2-receptor antagonists on gastrointestinal physiology has been studied extensively. These compounds inhibit gastric acid secretion in response to all known secretagogues and, in contrast to anticholinergic drugs, markedly inhibit food-stimulated acid secretion in duodenal ulcer patients. The relative roles of H2-receptor antagonists, anticholinergic drugs and antacids in the treatment of duodenal ulcer remain to be defined. Cimetidine currently is under investigation for the treatment of duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, reflux esophagitis, gastrointestinal bleeding and hypersecretory states. Although the long-term safety of cimetidine has not been established, in short-term clinical trials there have been no significant subjective or objective side-effects. Assuming that toxic effects do not develop, H2-receptor antagonists should improve the treatment of acid-peptic disease.

Topics: Cimetidine; Cyclic AMP; Duodenal Ulcer; Esophagitis, Peptic; Gastric Juice; Gastrins; Gastritis; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Histamine; Histamine H2 Antagonists; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Metiamide; Pepsin A; Stomach Ulcer

Topics: Burimamide; Cimetidine; Esophagitis; Esophagitis, Peptic; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Guanidines; Histamine H2 Antagonists; Humans; Metiamide

Topics: Anticoagulants; Cimetidine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Gastrectomy; Gastric Juice; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Methods; Metiamide; Pepsin A; Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage; Vagotomy

Topics: Cimetidine; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Guanidines; Humans; Liver Diseases; Metiamide; Thiourea

In two controlled trials, involving 75 patients, on the prevention of bleeding from gastric erosions in fulminant hepatic failure, antacids given four-hourly had no significant effect. Only 35% of intragastric pH recordings taken at two-hourly intervals in the treated group were maintained above 5 with the doses used, whereas this could be consistently achieved with the histamine H2-receptor antagonists, metiamide and cimetidine. In the group receiving these drugs only 1 patient out of 26 bled, compared with 13 (54%) of the controls, a highly significant difference. Blood-transfusion requirements were significantly less in those treated with H2-receptor antagonists.

Topics: Antacids; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Evaluation; Esophageal and Gastric Varices; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Guanidines; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Histamine H2 Antagonists; Humans; Imidazoles; Metiamide; Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage; Stomach Ulcer

The H-2-blocking antihistamine metiamide was used to treat 14 episodes of bleeding from the stomach or duodenum in eleven patients. In 11 instances bleeding was due to erosive gastritis or duodenitis and bleeding promptly ceased after one or two doses of 300 mg at 6 h intervals and did not recur as long as the drug was continued. In the 2 instances in which bleeding continued, chronic ulcers had eroded into major blood-vessels. There were no complications from the drug even in five patients with severe bone-marrow suppression after renal transplantation. Metiamide seems to be a safe and highly effective agent in the control of bleeding due to erosive gastritis.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Duodenum; Enteritis; Female; Gastric Juice; Gastritis; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Intubation, Gastrointestinal; Male; Metiamide; Middle Aged; Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage; Stress, Physiological; Thiourea