methylcellulose and Weight-Gain

The effect of dietary feeding of hydroxyethyl methylcellulose (HEMC) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) on the glucose metabolism and antioxidative status in mice under high fat diet conditions was investigated. The mice were randomly divided and given experimental diets for six weeks: normal control (NC group), high fat (HF group), and high fat supplemented with either HEMC (HF+HEMC group) or HPMC (HF+HPMC group). At the end of the experimental period, the HF group exhibited markedly higher blood glucose and insulin levels as well as a higher erythrocyte lipid peroxidation rate relative to the control group. However, diet supplementation of HEMC and HPMC was found to counteract the high fat-induced hyperglycemia and oxidative stress via regulation of antioxidant and hepatic glucose-regulating enzyme activities. These findings illustrate that HEMC and HPMC were similarly effective in improving the glucose metabolism and antioxidant defense system in high fat-fed mice and they may be beneficial as functional biomaterials in the development of therapeutic agents against high fat dietinduced hyperglycemia and oxidative stress.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Blood Glucose; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Supplements; Glucose; Glycogen; Hypoglycemic Agents; Hypromellose Derivatives; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Lipid Metabolism; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Male; Methylcellulose; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Oxidative Stress; Weight Gain

The effects of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), a highly viscous nonfermentable soluble dietary fiber, were evaluated on adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet supplemented with either HPMC or insoluble fiber.. DIO C57BL/6J mice were fed a HF diet supplemented with 6% HPMC or 6% microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). Gene expression analyses of epididymal adipose tissue by exon microarray and real-time PCR along with glucose and insulin tolerance and intestinal permeability were assessed. HPMC-fed mice exhibited significantly reduced body weight gain and adipose tissue weight as well as reduced areas under the curve for 2-h insulin and glucose responses. HPMC significantly decreased HF diet-induced intestinal permeability. Overall, HPMC enhanced insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism and downregulated genes related to inflammation and immune response, adipogenesis, and oxidative stress markers. Pathway analysis of microarray data identified lipid metabolism, inflammatory disease, and acute phase response pathways as being differentially regulated by HPMC.. These results suggest HPMC consumption ameliorates HF diet effects on obesity-induced insulin resistance, adipose tissue inflammatory and immune responses, weight gain, as well as intestinal permeability.

Topics: Abdominal Fat; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Supplements; Gene Expression; Glucose Tolerance Test; Hypromellose Derivatives; Inflammation; Insulin Resistance; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Methylcellulose; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Obese; Microarray Analysis; Obesity; Permeability; Weight Gain

A series of studies were conducted to assess Polysorbate 80 (PS80), Propylene Glycol (PG), and Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin (HPβCD), when compared with Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (MC) in developmental and reproductive toxicology (DART) studies.. In the rat fertility study, 20 mg/kg MC, 10 mg/kg PS80, 1,000 mg/kg PG, 500 mg/kg HPβCD or 1,000 mg/kg HPβCD were administered orally before/during mating, and on gestation Day (GD) 0-7, followed by an assessment of embryonic development on GD 14. In the rat and rabbit teratology studies, the doses of MC, PS80, PG, and HPβCD were the same as those in the fertility study. In these teratology studies, pregnant females were dosed during the period of organogenesis, followed by an assessment of fetal external, visceral, and skeletal development.. In the rat fertility and rat teratology studies, PS80, PG, and HPβCD did not exhibit toxicity, when compared with MC. Similarly, in the rabbit teratology study, there was no PS80 or PG-related toxicity, when compared with MC. However, individual rabbits in the 500 and 1,000 mg/kg HPβCD groups exhibited maternal toxicity, which included stool findings, decreased food consumption, and body weight gain. Furthermore, one rabbit each in the 500 and 1,000 mg/kg HPβCD groups exhibited evidence of abortion, which was considered secondary to maternal toxicity.. Although HPβCD was not well tolerated in rabbits at doses of 500 and 1,000 mg/kg, PS80 and PG were comparable to MC and should be considered for use in developmental and reproductive toxicology studies.

Topics: 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin; Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; beta-Cyclodextrins; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Eating; Embryo, Mammalian; Female; Hypromellose Derivatives; Methylcellulose; Pharmaceutical Vehicles; Polysorbates; Pregnancy; Propylene Glycol; Rabbits; Rats; Reproduction; Toxicity Tests; Weight Gain

The effects of different fiber types and processing on putative protective mechanisms for colorectal cancer were evaluated. Rats were fed diets of similar nutrient balance containing either no added fiber or 10% fiber from various sources. The rate of distal colonic epithelial proliferation, measured by the metaphase arrest method, was dependent on fiber type; ranking of fibers from highest to lowest yielded the following order: methylcellulose > coarse wheat bran > fine wheat bran approximately parboiled and extruded rice brans > no fiber (P = 0.012). Effect on stool output ranked identically. Ranking of effect on fecal pH, from most to least acidic was as follows: coarse wheat bran approximately the rice brans > fine wheat bran > no fiber approximately methylcellulose (P = 0.00001). Coarse wheat bran gave significantly higher fecal butyrate concentrations than did the rice brans, which in turn gave higher levels than fine wheat bran, methylcellulose and the no-fiber diet. Proximal colon epithelial proliferation was unaffected by diet although cecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations and pH were affected. Different fibers have different effects on events in the fecal environment and distal colonic epithelium. Putative protective events (increased output, low fecal pH, high butyrate, low proliferation) are not equally affected and are unlikely in themselves to allow prediction of the protective effect of a fiber.

Topics: Animals; Cell Division; Colon; Dietary Fiber; Epithelial Cells; Epithelium; Feces; Fermentation; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Methylcellulose; Microvilli; Oryza; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Triticum; Weight Gain

Male F344 rats were treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4; 0.3 ml/kg per os, 3 times a week) for 2 mo. At the end of the CCl4 administration out of the 65 animals 30 received methylcellulose (MCL; 3.85 ml/kg, 5% solution, per os, 3 times a week) for 6 wk. Thirty-five rats did not receive any further treatment. The fibrotic change caused by CCl4 reached its maximum 2 wk after the end of the treatment. After this, the severity of the fibrotic change regressed spontaneously. This regression was not observable in the liver of rats that received MCL. The fact that MCL is used as a solvent for drugs and as a food additive underlines the importance of the effect of this compound on chronic liver injury.

Topics: Animals; Carbon Tetrachloride; Collagen; Hydroxyproline; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental; Male; Methylcellulose; Organ Size; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Weight Gain