methylcellulose and Inflammation

Clinical morphological efficiency of local application of a new biopolymeric film was studied. The film was based on methylcellulose derivatives and contained shikonin (preparation of plant origin) and its esters isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon L. cell culture. Combined therapy of 30 patients (34-72 years) with erosive ulcerative lichen planus and leukoplakia of the buccal mucosa was carried out. Local application of the new drug led to more rapid pain relief, epithelialization of the inflammatory destructive foci in the buccal mucosa, and reduced the intensity of morphological signs of lesions in the studied patient population.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Biopolymers; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Leukoplakia, Oral; Lichen Planus, Oral; Male; Methylcellulose; Middle Aged; Mouth Mucosa; Naphthoquinones; Oral Ulcer

Autoimmune uveitis refers to several intraocular inflammation conditions, which are mediated by autoreactive T cells. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are immunosuppressive cells that have shown potential for resolving various autoimmune diseases, including uveitis. However, poor donor cell dispersion distal to the injection site and plasticity of Treg cells in an inflammatory microenvironment can present obstacles for this immunotherapy. We assessed the use of a physical blend of hyaluronan and methylcellulose (HAMC) as immunoprotective and injectable hydrogel cell delivery system to improve the efficacy of Treg-based therapy in treating experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). We demonstrated that the Treg-HAMC blend increased both the survival and stability of Tregs under proinflammatory conditions. Furthermore, we found that the intravitreal HAMC delivery system resulted in a two-fold increase in the number of transferred Tregs in the inflamed eye of EAU mice. Treg-HAMC delivery effectively attenuated ocular inflammation and preserved the visual function of EAU mice. It significantly decreased the number of ocular infiltrates, including the uveitogenic IFN-γ

Topics: Animals; Eye; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Hydrogels; Inflammation; Methylcellulose; Mice; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Uveitis

A thermo-sensitive methylcellulose (MC) hydrogel containing silver oxide nanoparticles (NPs) was prepared via one-pot synthesis in which a silver acetate precursor salt (CH

Topics: Acetates; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Burns; Drug Liberation; Hydrogels; Inflammation; Male; Methylcellulose; Nanoparticles; Necrosis; Oxides; Porosity; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Silver Compounds; Wound Healing

Tranilast (TL), an antiallergic agent, has been clinically used in the treatment of bronchial asthma, although its clinical use has been limited by its poor solubility in water, photodegradation and systemic side effects. In this study, we prepared a gel ointment containing TL nanoparticles (TLnano gel ointment), and investigated its usefulness. In addition, we demonstrated the preventive effects of the TLnano gel ointment on inflammation in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) rats. The TLnano gel ointment was prepared using Bead Smash 12 (a bead mill) and additives including sodium docusate, 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, methylcellulose and Carbopol 934; the mean particle diameter of the TL nanoparticles was 71.0±25.4 nm. In in vitro skin penetration experiments, the amount of penetrated TL, the penetration rate (Jc) and the penetration coefficient through the skin (Kp) of the TLnano gel ointment were significantly higher than those of a gel ointment containing TL microparticles (TLmicro gel ointment; particle diameter 50.5±26.3 µm). The TL concentrations in the skin tissue and plasma of rats receiving the TLnano gel ointment were also higher than in rats receiving the TLmicro gel ointment. In addition, the application of the TLnano gel ointment attenuated the increase in paw edema of the hind feet of AA rats in comparison with AA rats treated with the TLmicro gel ointment. These results suggest that TL nanoparticles can be applied to the formulation of a transdermal system, and that a transdermal formulation using TL nanoparticles might be a delivery option for the clinical treatment of RA.

Topics: 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin; Acrylates; Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis, Experimental; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; beta-Cyclodextrins; Edema; Gels; Inflammation; Male; Methylcellulose; Nanoparticles; Ointments; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Particle Size; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Skin; Skin Absorption; Solubility

Traumatic injury to the spinal cord causes cell death, demyelination, axonal degeneration, and cavitation resulting in functional motor and sensory loss. Stem cell therapy is a promising approach for spinal cord injury (SCI); however, this strategy is currently limited by the poor survival and uncontrolled differentiation of transplanted stem cells. In an attempt to achieve greater survival and integration with the host tissue, we examined the survival and efficacy of adult brain-derived neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) injected within a hydrogel blend of hyaluronan and methyl cellulose (HAMC) into a subacute, clinically relevant model of rat SCI. Prior to use, HAMC was covalently modified with recombinant rat platelet-derived growth factor-A (rPDGF-A) to promote oligodendrocytic differentiation. SCI rats transplanted with NSPCs in HAMC-rPDGF-A showed improved behavioral recovery compared to rats transplanted with NSPCs in media. Rats with NSPC/HAMC-rPDGF-A transplants had a significant reduction in cavitation, improved graft survival, increased oligodendrocytic differentiation, and sparing of perilesional host oligodendrocytes and neurons. These data suggest that HAMC-rPDGF-A is a promising vehicle for cell delivery to the injured spinal cord.

Topics: Animals; Cell Count; Cell Differentiation; Cell Survival; Female; Graft Survival; Hyaluronic Acid; Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; Inflammation; Methylcellulose; Neural Stem Cells; Oligodendroglia; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Recovery of Function; Spinal Cord Injuries; Stem Cell Transplantation; Wound Healing

The aim of this study was to develop an effective drug delivery system for the simultaneous topical delivery of two anti-inflammatory drugs, spantide II (SP) and ketoprofen (KP). To achieve this primary goal, we have developed a skin permeating nanogel system (SPN) containing surface modified polymeric bilayered nanoparticles along with a gelling agent. Poly-(lactide-co-glycolic acid) and chitosan were used to prepare bilayered nanoparticles (NPS) and the surface was modified with oleic acid (NPSO). Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and Carbopol with the desired viscosity were utilized to prepare the nanogels. The nanogel system was further investigated for in vitro skin permeation, drug release and stability studies. Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and psoriatic plaque like model were used to assess the effectiveness of SPN. Dispersion of NPSO in HPMC (SPN) produced a stable and uniform dispersion. In vitro permeation studies revealed increase in deposition of SP for the SP-SPN or SP+KP-SPN in the epidermis and dermis by 8.5 and 9.5 folds, respectively than SP-gel. Further, the deposition of KP for KP-SPN or SP+KP-SPN in epidermis and dermis was 9.75 and 11.55 folds higher, respectively than KP-gel. Similarly the amount of KP permeated for KP-SPN or SP+KP-SPN was increased by 9.92 folds than KP-gel. The ear thickness in ACD model and the expression of IL-17 and IL-23; PASI score and TEWL values in psoriatic plaque like model were significantly less (p < 0.001) for SPN compared to control gel. Our results suggest that SP+KP-SPN have significant potential for the percutaneous delivery of SP and KP to the deeper skin layers for treatment of various skin inflammatory disorders.

Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Aminoquinolines; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Hypromellose Derivatives; Imiquimod; Immunohistochemistry; Inflammation; Methylcellulose; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nanogels; Nanoparticles; Particle Size; Permeability; Polyethylene Glycols; Polyethyleneimine; Psoriasis; Rheology; Skin; Surface Properties; Viscosity

Drug delivery to the brain is challenging because systemic delivery requires high doses to achieve diffusion across the blood-brain barrier and often results in systemic toxicity. Intracerebroventricular implantation of a minipump/catheter system provides local delivery, yet results in brain tissue damage and can be prone to infection. An alternate local delivery strategy, epi-cortical delivery, releases the biomolecule directly to the brain while causing minimal tissue disruption. We pursued this strategy with a hyaluronan/methyl cellulose (HAMC) hydrogel for the local release of erythropoietin to induce endogenous neural stem and progenitor cells of the subventricular zone to promote repair after stroke injury in the mouse brain. Erythropoeitin promotes neurogenesis when delivered intraventricularly, thereby making it an ideal biomolecule with which to test this new epi-cortical delivery strategy. We investigated HAMC in terms of the host tissue response and the diffusion of erythropoeitin therefrom in the stroke-injured brain for neural repair. Erythropoietin delivered from HAMC at 4 and 11 days post-stroke resulted in attenuated inflammatory response, reduced stroke cavity size, increased number of both neurons in the peri-infarct region and migratory neuroblasts in the subventricular zone, and decreased apoptosis in both the subventricular zone and the injured cortex. We demonstrate that HAMC-mediated epi-cortical administration is promising for minimally invasive delivery of erythropoeitin to the brain.

Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Brain; Cell Count; Cerebral Cortex; DNA-Binding Proteins; Doublecortin Domain Proteins; Drug Administration Routes; Drug Delivery Systems; Erythropoietin; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Inflammation; Ki-67 Antigen; Methylcellulose; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microtubule-Associated Proteins; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neuropeptides; Nuclear Proteins; Receptors, Erythropoietin; Stem Cells; Stroke

The effects of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), a highly viscous nonfermentable soluble dietary fiber, were evaluated on adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet supplemented with either HPMC or insoluble fiber.. DIO C57BL/6J mice were fed a HF diet supplemented with 6% HPMC or 6% microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). Gene expression analyses of epididymal adipose tissue by exon microarray and real-time PCR along with glucose and insulin tolerance and intestinal permeability were assessed. HPMC-fed mice exhibited significantly reduced body weight gain and adipose tissue weight as well as reduced areas under the curve for 2-h insulin and glucose responses. HPMC significantly decreased HF diet-induced intestinal permeability. Overall, HPMC enhanced insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism and downregulated genes related to inflammation and immune response, adipogenesis, and oxidative stress markers. Pathway analysis of microarray data identified lipid metabolism, inflammatory disease, and acute phase response pathways as being differentially regulated by HPMC.. These results suggest HPMC consumption ameliorates HF diet effects on obesity-induced insulin resistance, adipose tissue inflammatory and immune responses, weight gain, as well as intestinal permeability.

Topics: Abdominal Fat; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Supplements; Gene Expression; Glucose Tolerance Test; Hypromellose Derivatives; Inflammation; Insulin Resistance; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Methylcellulose; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Obese; Microarray Analysis; Obesity; Permeability; Weight Gain

Rheological polymer blends of hyaluronic acid (HA) and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) were evaluated as prolonged duration delivery vehicles for local anesthetics using a rat sciatic nerve blockade model. HA-HPMC blends extended the duration of sensory block approximately threefold compared to that achieved using a bupivacaine solution. Blending HA and HPMC facilitated the injection of higher polymer concentration delivery vehicles and reduced the rate of polymer hydration compared to HA solutions, enabling prolonged drug release. The duration of effective nerve block was correlated with each of the zero shear viscosity, polymer concentration, yield stress, and gel point frequency of the blends, while a two-parameter model correlating duration of nerve block with zero shear viscosity and humectancy provided improved fits to the in vivo data compared to any single variable alone. The blends exhibited no cytotoxicity and induced only a mild short-term inflammatory reaction in vivo at the site of injection, with all blends largely resorbed 4 days postinjection.

Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Bupivacaine; Cell Line; Coloring Agents; Drug Delivery Systems; Hyaluronic Acid; Hypromellose Derivatives; Inflammation; Male; Methylcellulose; Molecular Weight; Nerve Block; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rheology; Sciatic Nerve; Solutions; Tetrazolium Salts; Thiazoles; Viscosity

Aceclofenac is a new generation non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug showing effective anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is available in the form of tablets of 100 mg. Importance of aceclofenac as a NSAID has inspired development of topical dosage forms. This mode of administration may help avoid typical side effects associated with oral administration of NSAIDs, which have led to its withdrawal. Furthermore, aceclofenac topical dosage forms can be used as a supplement to oral therapy for better treatment of conditions such as arthritis. Ointments, creams, and gels containing 1% (m/m) aceclofenac have been prepared. They were tested for physical appearance, pH, spreadability, extrudability, drug content uniformity, in vitro diffusion and in vitro permeation. Gels prepared using Carbopol 940 (AF2, AF3) and macrogol bases (AF7) were selected after the analysis of the results. They were evaluated for acute skin irritancy, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects using the carrageenan-induced thermal hyperalgesia and paw edema method. AF2 was shown to be significantly (p < 0.05) more effective in inhibiting hyperalgesia associated with inflammation, compared to AF3 and AF7. Hence, AF2 may be suggested as an alternative to oral preparations.

Topics: Acrylic Resins; Administration, Topical; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Carrageenan; Diclofenac; Edema; Gels; Hyperalgesia; Hypromellose Derivatives; Inflammation; Male; Methylcellulose; Ointments; Polyethylene Glycols; Rabbits; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Skin Irritancy Tests; Solubility

We studied prospectively the effects of 2% hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), instilled in to the anterior chamber during extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation in 122 patients. Significant pressure rise was noted at 12 and 24 hours post-operatively when HPMC was not removed at the end of surgery. This was prevented by washing HPMC from the anterior chamber at the end of surgery, or by using either acetazolamide or a combination of oxyphenbutazone and vitamin C without washing HPMC. There was no difference in intraocular inflammation between controls and the HPMC groups. The group receiving combined oxyphenbutazone and vitamin C had the least, the differences between these two groups being sufficient.

Topics: Acetazolamide; Anterior Chamber; Ascorbic Acid; Cataract Extraction; Female; Humans; Hypromellose Derivatives; Inflammation; Intraocular Pressure; Lenses, Intraocular; Male; Methylcellulose; Ophthalmic Solutions; Oxyphenbutazone; Postoperative Complications; Prospective Studies; Time Factors

Topics: Animals; Inflammation; Kallikreins; Kinins; Male; Methylcellulose; Rats

Topics: Aniline Compounds; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Exudates and Transudates; Hydrocortisone; Indomethacin; Inflammation; Leukocytes; Male; Methods; Methylcellulose; Nicotinic Acids; Phenylbutazone; Rats

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Capillary Permeability; Cell Movement; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Chromatography, Gel; Exudates and Transudates; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Inflammation; Leukocytes; Methylcellulose; Peptides; Rats; Uterus

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Betamethasone; Cell Membrane Permeability; Exudates and Transudates; Fluocinolone Acetonide; Glucocorticoids; Hydrocortisone; Inflammation; Leukocytes; Male; Methylcellulose; Prednisolone; Rats; Triamcinolone Acetonide