methylcellulose and Edema

A total of 120 patients who were all anaesthetized for more than 90 minutes were given eye protection with paraffin-based oculentum simplex, Ph. Nord. 63, in one eye, and water-based four per cent methylcellulose in the other. Anaesthesia was conducted with halothane, or thiopentone an meperidine, or by a neurolept technique. Peri-ocular oedema and reaction in the conjunctiva resembling conjunctivitis was less pronounced after methylcellulose. When both paraffin-based ointment and halothane anaesthesia were used, there were signs of drug interaction, as the patients' conjunctivae were now distinctly red. In all three types of anaesthesia, methylcellulose produces a firm gluing of the eyelids with the result that the eye is not dried out and the eye is protected mechanically so that foreign bodies and corneal abrasions are avoided. There were no untoward effects of methylcellulose. It is concluded that methylcellulose four per cent provides better eye protection than paraffin during general anaesthesia.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, General; Child; Child, Preschool; Edema; Eye Diseases; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Methylcellulose; Middle Aged; Ointments; Paraffin; Vision Disorders

We previously reported that dermal application using nanoparticles improves skin penetration. In this study, we prepared novel topical formulations containing ketoprofen (KET) solid nanoparticles (KETnano gel ointment) and investigated the antiinflammatory effect of the KET nanoparticle formulations on rheumatoid arthritis using adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) rats. The KETnano gel ointment was prepared using a bead mill method and additives including methylcellulose and Carbopol 934; the mean particle size of the KET nanoparticles was 83 nm. In the in vitro skin penetration experiment, the penetration rate (Jc) and penetration coefficient through the skin (Kp) values of the KETnano gel ointment were significantly higher than those of gel ointment containing KET microparticles (KETmicro gel ointment; mean particle size 7.7 µm). On the other hand, in the in vivo percutaneous absorption experiment, the apparent absorption rate constant (ka) and the areas under the KET concentration-time curve values in the skin of rats receiving the KETnano gel ointment were significantly higher than those of rats receiving the KETmicro gel ointment, and the amounts of KET in the skin tissues of rats receiving the KETnano gel ointment were also significantly higher than those of rats receiving the KETmicro gel ointment. In addition, the application of the KETnano gel ointment attenuated the enhancement of paw edema of the hind feet of AA rats more than the application of the KETmicro gel ointment. Our findings suggest that a topical drug delivery system using nanoparticles could lead to expansion in the therapeutic use of KET.

Topics: Acrylates; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arthritis, Experimental; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Drug Carriers; Drug Delivery Systems; Edema; Gels; Ketoprofen; Male; Methylcellulose; Nanoparticles; Ointments; Particle Size; Rats, Wistar; Skin; Skin Absorption

Tranilast (TL), an antiallergic agent, has been clinically used in the treatment of bronchial asthma, although its clinical use has been limited by its poor solubility in water, photodegradation and systemic side effects. In this study, we prepared a gel ointment containing TL nanoparticles (TLnano gel ointment), and investigated its usefulness. In addition, we demonstrated the preventive effects of the TLnano gel ointment on inflammation in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) rats. The TLnano gel ointment was prepared using Bead Smash 12 (a bead mill) and additives including sodium docusate, 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, methylcellulose and Carbopol 934; the mean particle diameter of the TL nanoparticles was 71.0±25.4 nm. In in vitro skin penetration experiments, the amount of penetrated TL, the penetration rate (Jc) and the penetration coefficient through the skin (Kp) of the TLnano gel ointment were significantly higher than those of a gel ointment containing TL microparticles (TLmicro gel ointment; particle diameter 50.5±26.3 µm). The TL concentrations in the skin tissue and plasma of rats receiving the TLnano gel ointment were also higher than in rats receiving the TLmicro gel ointment. In addition, the application of the TLnano gel ointment attenuated the increase in paw edema of the hind feet of AA rats in comparison with AA rats treated with the TLmicro gel ointment. These results suggest that TL nanoparticles can be applied to the formulation of a transdermal system, and that a transdermal formulation using TL nanoparticles might be a delivery option for the clinical treatment of RA.

Topics: 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin; Acrylates; Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis, Experimental; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; beta-Cyclodextrins; Edema; Gels; Inflammation; Male; Methylcellulose; Nanoparticles; Ointments; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Particle Size; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Skin; Skin Absorption; Solubility

Transdermal patches of meloxicam (MX) and lornoxicam (LX) were aimed to be prepared in order to overcome their side effects by oral application. The strategy was formulation of optimized films to prepare transdermal patches by determination of physical properties and investigation of drug-excipient compatibility. As the next step, in vitro drug release, assesment of anti-inflammatory effect on Wistar Albino rats, ex vivo skin penetration and investigation of factors on drug release from transdermal patches were studied. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was concluded to be suitable polymer for formulation of MX and LX transdermal films indicating pharmaceutical quality required. MX and LX transdermal patches gave satisfactory results regarding to the edema inhibition in the assessment of anti-inflammatory effect. MX was found out to be more effective compared to LX on relieving of edema and swelling. These results were supported by data obtained from ex vivo penetration experiments of drug through rat skin. Indicative parameters like log P, molecular weight and solubility constraint on penetration rate of drugs also indicated good skin penetration. Transdermal patches of MX and LX can be suggested to be used especially for the immediate treatment of inflammated area since it displays anti-inflammatory effect, soon.

Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Drug Delivery Systems; Edema; Hypromellose Derivatives; Meloxicam; Methylcellulose; Piroxicam; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Skin; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Tensile Strength; Thiazines; Thiazoles

Aceclofenac is a new generation non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug showing effective anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is available in the form of tablets of 100 mg. Importance of aceclofenac as a NSAID has inspired development of topical dosage forms. This mode of administration may help avoid typical side effects associated with oral administration of NSAIDs, which have led to its withdrawal. Furthermore, aceclofenac topical dosage forms can be used as a supplement to oral therapy for better treatment of conditions such as arthritis. Ointments, creams, and gels containing 1% (m/m) aceclofenac have been prepared. They were tested for physical appearance, pH, spreadability, extrudability, drug content uniformity, in vitro diffusion and in vitro permeation. Gels prepared using Carbopol 940 (AF2, AF3) and macrogol bases (AF7) were selected after the analysis of the results. They were evaluated for acute skin irritancy, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects using the carrageenan-induced thermal hyperalgesia and paw edema method. AF2 was shown to be significantly (p < 0.05) more effective in inhibiting hyperalgesia associated with inflammation, compared to AF3 and AF7. Hence, AF2 may be suggested as an alternative to oral preparations.

Topics: Acrylic Resins; Administration, Topical; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Carrageenan; Diclofenac; Edema; Gels; Hyperalgesia; Hypromellose Derivatives; Inflammation; Male; Methylcellulose; Ointments; Polyethylene Glycols; Rabbits; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Skin Irritancy Tests; Solubility

The purpose of this research was to develop a matrix-type transdermal therapeutic system containing herbal drug, curcumin (CUR), with different ratios of hydrophilic (hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose K4M [HPMC K4M]) and hydrophobic (ethyl cellulose [EC]) polymeric systems by the solvent evaporation technique. Different concentrations of oleic acid (OA) were used to enhance the transdermal permeation of CUR. The physicochemical compatibility of the drug and the polymers was also studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The results suggested no physicochemical incompatibility between the drug and the polymers. Formulated transdermal films were physically evaluated with regard to drug content, tensile strength, folding endurance, thickness, and weight variation. All prepared formulations indicated good physical stability. In vitro permeation studies of formulations were performed by using Franz diffusion cells. The results followed Higuchi kinetics, and the mechanism of release was diffusion-mediated. Formulation prepared with hydrophilic polymer containing permeation enhancer showed best in vitro skin permeation through rat skin as compared with all other formulations. This formulation demonstrated good anti-inflammatory activity against carrageenan-induced oedema in Wistar albino rats similar to standard formulation.

Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Carrageenan; Cellulose; Curcumin; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Carriers; Drug Compounding; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Design; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drug Incompatibility; Drug Stability; Edema; Excipients; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Hypromellose Derivatives; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Methylcellulose; Permeability; Pharmaceutical Vehicles; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Skin; Skin Absorption; Tensile Strength

Topics: Corneal Diseases; Edema; Humans; Methylcellulose; Ophthalmic Solutions

Topics: Cornea; Edema; Eye Diseases; Glycerol; Humans; Methylcellulose; Ointments; Ophthalmic Solutions; Sodium Chloride; Sulfacetamide; Visual Acuity; Zea mays

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Cornea; Corneal Opacity; Edema; Glucose; Glycerol; Mannitol; Methylcellulose; Osmosis; Photography; Propylene Glycols; Rabbits; Semiconductors; Sodium Chloride; Sorbitol; Urea

Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Aspirin; Edema; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Methylcellulose; Phenylbutazone; Rats; Salicylamides; Tablets