methylcellulose and Diarrhea

Topics: Adult; Animals; Blood Cell Count; Blood Sedimentation; Cecum; Child; Chronic Disease; Colonic Diseases, Functional; Constipation; Diarrhea; Diet; Diverticulum, Colon; Female; Fruit; Gastrointestinal Motility; Humans; Intestines; Male; Methylcellulose; Milk; Pain; Parasympatholytics; Psychotherapy; Sigmoidoscopy; Stress, Psychological; Syndrome

Bowel disturbances have been identified as the most important risk factor for fecal incontinence (FI). However, few studies have evaluated the impact of fiber supplementation. Our aim was to assess the correlation between the improvement in stool consistency by fiber supplementation and the changes in urgency and number of FI episodes and in the QoL of patients with FI.. Eighty-three patients who came to our institution with FI and/or fecal urgency associated with loose stools or diarrhea were prospectively included in the study The intervention included dietary advice and methylcellulose 500 mg every 8 h for 6 weeks. All assessments were carried out at baseline and 6 weeks after the start of the intervention, and included a Bristol Stool Scale, a 3-week bowel diary, the St Mark's score, the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life scale (FIQL) and a bowel satisfaction score.. Sixty-one patients completed the study. At baseline 50 reported episodes of urge incontinence, while 11 did not report FI episodes because they rarely left home to avoid leakage. The Bristol score improved to normal stools in 65.6% of patients after treatment. Bowel diaries showed a statistically significant reduction in the number of bowel movements, urge episodes, urge fecal incontinence episodes and soiling per week. The St Mark's score and the bowel satisfaction score significantly improved after methylcellulose and overall deferment time also increased. FIQL significantly improved in two subdomains (lifestyle, coping/behavior). Thirty-one patients (51.7%) were discharged with methylcellulose as the only treatment.. FI may significantly improve with methylcellulose in selected cases. Assessment of fecal consistency and initial treatment with methylcellulose could be started at primary care level to reduce the need for specialist referral.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Conservative Treatment; Defecation; Diarrhea; Diet; Dietary Fiber; Dietary Supplements; Directive Counseling; Fecal Incontinence; Feces; Female; Humans; Male; Methylcellulose; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Quality of Health Care; Severity of Illness Index; Young Adult

Drotaverine hydrochloride (DRT) is used to treat gastrointestinal spasms accompanied with diarrhoea. Hence, the drug suffers from brief residence in the highly moving intestine during diarrhoea which leads to poor bioavailability and frequent dosing.. This study aimed to extend DRT residence in the stomach.. Calcium alginate floating beads were prepared using sodium alginate, isopropylmyristate (oil), and Gelucire® 43/01 (lipid) adopting emulsion gelation technique. The beads were evaluated for their floating ability, DRT entrapment efficiency and in-vitro release. Gelucire® 43/01 /oil-based beads of the selected formula were coated using ethylcellulose and different plasticizers as polyethylene glycol 400 and triethyl citrate to retard the drug release. The coated beads were re-characterized. Finally, the best formulae were investigated for their in-vivo floating ability in dogs besides their delivery to the systemic circulation compared to drug powder in human volunteers.. Incorporation of Gelucire® 43/01 to oil-based beads enhanced the in-vitro performance of the beads. Coated beads prepared using drug:sodium alginate ratio of 1:3 (w/w), 20% (w/v) isopropylmyristate, 20% (w/v) Gelucire® 43/01 showed promising in-vitro performance. The beads floated for 12 h in the dogs' stomach and produced three-fold increase of the total amount of DRT absorbed within 24 h compared to that of DRT powder.. Gelucire® 43/01 /isopropylmyristate-based calcium alginate floating beads coated with ethylcellulose using either PEG 400 or TEC as plasticizers proved to be a successful dosage form in extending DRT release.

Topics: Adult; Alginates; Animals; Diarrhea; Dogs; Drug Delivery Systems; Emulsions; Glucuronic Acid; Hexuronic Acids; Humans; Liposomes; Methylcellulose; Myristates; Papaverine; Parasympatholytics; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Triglycerides

This study was conducted to assess the safety and tolerability of the alternative formulation vehicles polysorbate 80 (PS80), propylene glycol (PG), and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) in general toxicology studies in the mouse, rat, dog, and monkey. Twenty (20) mg/kg of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (MC, control), 10 mg/kg PS80, 1000 mg/kg PG, 500 mg/kg HPβCD, or 1000 mg/kg HPβCD were administered by oral gavage to mice, rats, dogs, and cynomolgus monkeys for approximately 90 days. The effects of these formulations on clinical observations, body weight and food consumption parameters, clinical pathology, and histopathology were evaluated across all species. The suitability of formulations containing up to 20 mg/kg MC, 10 mg/kg PS80, and 1000 mg/kg PG for use in preclinical safety studies was confirmed by a lack of effects on all parameters examined. However, formulations containing HPβCD produced elevated transaminase (aspartate and alanine aminotransferase) levels in rats and mice and fecal changes (loose and soft stool) in large animals. Although the etiology and toxicological significance of the transaminase elevations in rats and mice is uncertain, this finding could represent a significant liability for a preclinical formulation because of the critical importance of these biomarkers in the risk assessment of novel therapeutic agents. Based on these data, PS80 and PG are considered to be practical alternatives to MC in preclinical toxicology studies. However, formulations containing HPβCD should be used with caution because of the elevations in rodent transaminase levels.

Topics: 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin; Administration, Oral; Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; beta-Cyclodextrins; Diarrhea; Dogs; Female; Hypromellose Derivatives; Liver; Liver Function Tests; Macaca fascicularis; Male; Methylcellulose; Mice; Pharmaceutical Vehicles; Polysorbates; Propylene Glycol; Rats; Toxicity Tests

SC-53450 is a new polybutadiene-based polymer system with an acid labile diisopropyl silyl ether linker to which the active isomer of misoprostol (SC-30249) is attached covalently at position C-11. It was studied in rats and dogs to define its profile of gastrointestinal effects relative to misoprostol-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and the systemic availability of prostaglandin from the polymer. Results of rat studies indicate that SC-53450 has a spectrum of mucosal protective activity similar to misoprostol-HPMC, being protective against indomethacin-induced gastric, cysteamine/indomethacin-induced duodenal and indomethacin-induced lower small bowel damage. SC-53450, in contrast to misoprostol-HPMC, was not diarrheagenic in the rat when administered intragastrically. The observation that SC-53450 is more than 4 times more potent than misoprostol-HPMC suggests the possibility of sustained gastric availability of the prostaglandin SC-30249. SC-53450 exhibited gastric antisecretory activity in histamine-stimulated gastric fistula dogs and protected against acidified aspirin-induced gastric damage in normal fasted beagles. Rat and dog experiments indicate that little, if any, polymer-derived prostaglandin is available systemically, suggesting SC-53450 will have reduced abuse potential in abortion induction. SC-53450 is a potential candidate to replace the present misoprostol formulation in the marketplace for the prevention of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastric damage.

Topics: Animals; Antacids; Aspirin; Biological Availability; Butadienes; Depression, Chemical; Diarrhea; Dogs; Drug Carriers; Ethanol; Female; Gastric Mucosa; Hypromellose Derivatives; Indomethacin; Intestinal Diseases; Male; Methylcellulose; Misoprostol; Polymers; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Stomach Diseases

Topics: Anthraquinones; Cathartics; Colonic Diseases, Functional; Colonic Neoplasms; Diagnosis, Differential; Diarrhea; Humans; Metabolic Diseases; Methylcellulose; Mineral Oil; Phenolphthaleins

Topics: Appetite Depressants; Constipation; Diarrhea; Humans; Methylcellulose; Obesity

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bile; Bile Acids and Salts; Calcium; Carbon Isotopes; Cholestyramine Resin; Chromates; Diarrhea; Diet; Duodenum; Fasting; Feces; Female; Gallbladder; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestine, Small; Male; Methylcellulose; Middle Aged; Nitrogen; Oils; Ovalbumin; Triglycerides