methyl-5-(n-(4-(1-1-1-3-3-3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl)morpholine-4-carboxamido)pentanoate and Insulin-Resistance

Aging is associated with the development of chronic diseases such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. A reduction in mitochondrial fat oxidation is postulated to be a key factor contributing to the progression of these diseases. Our aim was to investigate the contribution of impaired mitochondrial fat oxidation toward age-related disease. Mice deficient for malonyl CoA decarboxylase (MCD(-/-)), a mouse model of reduced fat oxidation, were allowed to age while life span and a number of physiological parameters (glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance, indirect calorimetry) were assessed. Decreased fat oxidation in MCD(-/-) mice resulted in the accumulation of lipid intermediates in peripheral tissues, but this was not associated with a worsening of age-associated insulin resistance and, conversely, improved longevity. This improvement was associated with reduced oxidative stress and reduced acetylation of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 2 in muscle but not the liver of MCD(-/-) mice. These findings were recapitulated in aged mice treated with an MCD inhibitor (CBM-3001106), and these mice also demonstrated improvements in glucose and insulin tolerance. Therefore, our results demonstrate that in addition to decreasing fat oxidation, MCD inhibition also has novel effects on protein acetylation. These combined effects protect against age-related metabolic dysfunction, demonstrating that MCD inhibitors may have utility in the battle against chronic disease in the elderly.

Topics: Aging; Animals; Calorimetry, Indirect; Carboxy-Lyases; Diglycerides; Glucose; Glucose Intolerance; Glucose Tolerance Test; Insulin Resistance; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Longevity; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxidative Stress; Oxygen Consumption; Phenylurea Compounds; Superoxide Dismutase; Triglycerides

We previously showed that genetic inactivation of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD), which regulates fatty acid oxidation, protects mice against high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance. Development of insulin resistance has been associated with activation of the inflammatory response. Therefore, we hypothesized that the protective effect of MCD inhibition might be caused by a favorable effect on the inflammatory response. We examined if pharmacological inhibition of MCD protects neonatal cardiomyocytes and peritoneal macrophages against inflammatory-induced metabolic perturbations. Cardiomyocytes and macrophages were treated with LPS to induce an inflammatory response, in the presence or absence of an MCD inhibitor (CBM-301106, 10 μM). Inhibition of MCD attenuated the LPS-induced inflammatory response in cardiomyocytes and macrophages. MCD inhibition also prevented LPS impairment of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes and increased phosphorylation of Akt. Additionally, inhibition of MCD strongly diminished LPS-induced activation of palmitate oxidation. We also found that treatment with an MCD inhibitor prevented LPS-induced collapse of total cellular antioxidant capacity. Interestingly, treatment with LPS or an MCD inhibitor did not alter intracellular triacylglycerol content. Furthermore, inhibition of MCD prevented LPS-induced increases in the level of ceramide in cardiomyocytes and macrophages while also ameliorating LPS-initiated decreases in PPAR binding. This suggests that the anti-inflammatory effect of MCD inhibition is mediated via accumulation of long-chain acyl-CoA, which in turn stimulates PPAR binding. Our results also demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of MCD is a novel and promising approach to treat insulin resistance and its associated metabolic complications.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Biological Transport; Carboxy-Lyases; Cardiotonic Agents; Cells, Cultured; Ceramides; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glucose; Insulin Resistance; Lipid Metabolism; Macrophage Activation; Macrophages, Peritoneal; Mice; Myocytes, Cardiac; Phenylurea Compounds; Phosphorylation; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Rats