methimazole and Adenoma

Topics: Adenoma; Combined Modality Therapy; Graves Disease; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Methimazole; Thyroid Crisis; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyroid Neoplasms

We report here a case of a paediatric hyperthyroidism due to a micro-macro-follicular thyroid adenoma in the presence of heterozygous point mutation of TSH receptor (TSHr). We describe the case from the initial diagnosis, through laboratoristic examinations and imaging techniques, until the radical surgical treatment made by a mini-cervicotomic videoassisted technique. We also explained the genetic work-up from peripheral blood and thyroid adenoma tissue.

Topics: Adenoma; Amino Acid Substitution; Exons; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Humans; Hyperplasia; Hyperthyroidism; Infant, Newborn; Male; Methimazole; Mutation, Missense; Receptors, Thyrotropin; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroid Nodule; Thyroidectomy; Thyroxine

While TSH-producing adenoma (TSHoma) is rare, the diagnosis is often delayed because the clinical features are heterogeneous. The patient was a 69-year-old woman who had been referred to the Yachiyo Medical Center in August 2008, because of dyspnea, loss of appetite, weight loss of 10 kg, and diarrhea that lasted 4 years. We diagnosed this patient with pituitary TSH-producing macroadenoma. Thyroid hormone concentration was increasing although the serum TSH level was within a normal range after trans-sphenoidal surgery. We considered that because of enlargement of the thyroid gland due to long-term stimulation by TSH, a low concentration of TSH could stimulate the thyroid gland to produce excess T3 or T4. The somatostatin analogue, octreotide was used to control the TSHoma and serum TSH concentration but not thyroid hormone. The octreotide in combination with thiamazole treatment for 14 months controlled thyroid hormone concentration and decreased the thyroid mass, and ultimately, the thiamazole could be stopped. To date, the use of combination therapy of octreotide with thiamazole in patients with remaining TSH-producing adenoma without Basedow's disease is rare, and we suggest that this treatment is one of the therapeutic means to treat recurrence of TSH-producing adenoma after surgery with progressive complications or large thyroid gland.

Topics: Adenoma; Aged; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Methimazole; Octreotide; Pituitary Neoplasms; Thyrotropin

Hyperthyroidism is mainly caused by Graves' disease and toxic adenoma or multinodular goiter. In Europe, treatment of both disorders is usually started with antithyroidal drugs such as methimazole. Complications include agranulocytosis and the risk is dose-dependent. The starting dose of methimazole should not exceed 15-20 mg/d. Propylthiouracil can cause severe liver failure, leading to liver transplantation or death. Propylthiouracil, therefore, should not be used as first line agent and is only recommended when an antithyroid drug is to be started during the first trimester of pregnancy or in individuals who have experienced adverse responses to methimazole. Toxic adenoma is finally treated with radioioidine. To reduce the risk of treatment failure, antithyroidal drugs should be stopped at least one week prior to radioiodine. For Graves' disease, remission is unlikely if antibodies against the TSH-receptor remain above 10 mU/l after 6 months of antithyroidal treatment and radioiodine or thyroidectomy can be recommended. Thyroidectomy should be performed as (near) total thyreoidectomy.

Topics: Adenoma; Agranulocytosis; Antithyroid Agents; Female; Goiter, Nodular; Graves Disease; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Methimazole; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Propylthiouracil; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroidectomy

Most solitary hyperfunctiong regions on thyroid scan consist of benign tissue. Here we report a patient with a Burkitt-like lymphoma that was infilterated into a region containing a hyperfunctioning nodule.. A 56-year-old man was referred to our Endocrine Unit in May 2009 due to the incidental discovery of a large left thyroid lobe nodule by a computed tomography study. This had been performed to search for a primitive tumor in a patient with bone metastasis. He was clinically and biochemically thyrotoxic with no evidence of humoral thyroid autoimmunity. The nodule had a dyshomogenous appearance at neck ultrasonography, with multiple hypoechogenic areas and calcifications. (99m)-Technetium thyroid scintiscan revealed a hot nodule with suppression of the contralateral lobe. Fine-needle aspiration cytology indicated the presence of neoplastic cells not of thyroid origin. Remission of hyperthyroidism was obtained with methimazole, and the patient was submitted to left lobe thyroidectomy and istmectomy. Histological analysis of the surgical specimen led to a diagnosis of Burkitt-like large B-cell lymphoma harbored within a thyroid adenoma. After further staging, the final diagnosis was stage IV E Burkitt-like lymphoma with the involvement of the bone and the thyroid. This is the first description of an aggressive Burkitt-like lymphoma that infiltrated an hyperfunctioning thyroid adenoma, thus presenting as a hot nodule at thyroid scintiscan. In our patient there was no humoral or histological evidence of thyroid autoimmunity, thus suggesting a metastatic seeding of the lymphoma within the hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule.. Involvement of the thyroid gland by Burkitt-like lymphoma is extremely rare as is close localization of malignancy and a hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule. As highlighted by the present report, performing fine-needle aspiration cytology should be always considered in the clinical context of a metastatic disease of unknown origin or when there are ultrasonography signs suggesting malignancy, even when the nodule is hyperfunctioning.

Topics: Adenoma; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Bone Neoplasms; Burkitt Lymphoma; Cyclophosphamide; Dexamethasone; Doxorubicin; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Male; Methimazole; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Technetium; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroid Nodule; Vincristine

A 81-year-old woman with a thyroid tumor and subclinical hyperthyroidism since ten years ago was admitted to our hospital for palpitations and hyperthyroidism (FT(4) 1.75 ng/dl, FT(3) 5.37 pg/ml, TSH<0.03 microIU/ml). Although thyroid stimulating antibody (TSAb) was transiently and mildly positive, anti-TSH receptor antibody (TRAb), microsome test, and thyroid test were negative. Thyroid echogram showed an isoechoic nodule in the left lobe (33 x 42 x 22 mm) and a small nodule (10 x 15 x 9 mm) in right lobe. Thyroid scintiscan showed a hyperfunctional (hot) nodule in left thyroid lobe with suppressed uptake in the remainder of the gland. The uptake rate of thyroidal radioiodine ((123)I) in 24 hours was within the normal range (7.3%). Based on the above findings, a diagnosis of Plummer disease was made. Since she refused invasive surgical or radioiodine treatment, she was treated with 10 mg thiamazole daily. After treatment with propranolol and thiamazole, the thyrotoxic symptoms disappeared and thyroid function returned to normal level. She had osteoporosis but she had neither atrial fibrillation nor cardiac symptoms. This was a rare case of Plummer disease that appeared in extremely old age after a long course of subclinical hyperthyroidism.

Topics: Adenoma; Aged, 80 and over; Antithyroid Agents; Autoantibodies; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Methimazole; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Thyroid Nodule; Thyrotropin

Five chemicals that are known to induce in rats thyroid follicular-cell adenomas and carcinomas were assayed for their ability to induce DNA damage and DNA repair synthesis in primary cultures of human thyroid cells. Significant dose-dependent increases in the frequency of DNA single-strand breaks and alkali-labile sites, as measured by the same Comet assay, were obtained after a 20-h exposure to the following subtoxic concentrations of the five test compounds: methimazole from 2.5 to 10mM; nitrobenzene, potassium bromate, N,N'-diethylthiourea and ethylenethiourea from 1.25 to 5mM. Under the same experimental conditions, DNA repair synthesis, as evaluated by quantitative autoradiography, was present in potassium bromate-exposed thyroid cells from all the three donors and in those from two of three donors with either nitrobenzene or ethylenethiourea, but did not match the criteria for a positive response in thyroid cells from any of the donors with methimazole and N,N'-diethylthiourea. Consistently with their ability to induce thyroid tumors, all the five test compounds, administered p.o. in rats in a single dose corresponding to 1/2 LD50, induced a statistically significant degree of DNA fragmentation in the thyroid. These findings suggest that the five test compounds might be carcinogenic to thyroid in humans.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Follicular; Adenoma; Animals; Bromates; Carcinogens; Cells, Cultured; DNA Damage; DNA Fragmentation; DNA Repair; Ethylenethiourea; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney; Liver; Male; Methimazole; Nitrobenzenes; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Thiourea; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Neoplasms

Topics: Adenoma; Adult; Antithyroid Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Male; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Methimazole; Phytotherapy; Thyroid Neoplasms

Topics: Adenoma; Aged; Antithyroid Agents; Female; Humans; Methimazole; Radionuclide Imaging; Radiopharmaceuticals; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyroid Neoplasms

Radioiodine treatment use is frequent in patients with benign hyperfunctioning thyroid diseases and the side-effects are rare. In this paper we described the appearance of TSH-receptor antibodies and the concomitant development of persistent hyperthyroidism in a patient with hyperfunctioning thyroid adenoma after 131I treatment. A 70-year-old man presented a hyperfunctioning thyroid adenoma with suppressed uptake in the adjacent normal gland. Antibodies against the thyroglobulin (TgAb), thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) and TSH-receptor (TRAb) were absent. One year after remission by radioiodine therapy the patient developed severe and persistent hyperthyroidism associated with diffuse 131I uptake in the gland. TgAb and TPOAb remained absent, but TRAb were present. Although spontaneous development of Graves' disease cannot be excluded, the time sequence and the negative familial and personal history for autoimmune diseases suggest a possible connection between the two phenomena. The release of TSH-receptor antigen from follicular cells damaged by 131I may have triggered the autoimmune response turning a toxic nodular goiter patient into a Graves' disease patient.

Topics: Adenoma; Aged; Antithyroid Agents; Autoantibodies; Graves Disease; Humans; Immunoglobulins, Thyroid-Stimulating; Iodine Radioisotopes; Male; Methimazole; Receptors, Thyrotropin; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyrotropin; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine

A case of a very rare association of toxic adenoma and papillary carcinoma with Graves' disease is presented. A 34-year-old woman developed Graves' disease with mild ophthalmopathy. An ultrasound revealed diffuse thyroid enlargement with a hypoechoic pattern and a hypoechoic nodule with regular edges of 1.6 cm in diameter at the lower pole of the left lobe. A thyroid 131I scintiscan showed a diffuse and homogeneous 131I distribution. The 131I uptake (RAIU) was elevated. One year later, while still on a low dose of methimazole, the patient had a recurrence of hyperthyroidism following an iodine load from a contrast agent. A further thyroid ultrasound confirmed the previously described pattern but showed a new hypoechoic nodule of 1.1 cm with irregular edges in the left lobe. A thyroid 131I scintiscan this time demonstrated a hyperactive area localised in the larger nodule and a lower diffuse uptake of the remaining tissue. Because of the worsening of the symptoms of hyperthyroidism, the patient had a left lobectomy. On histological examination, the larger nodule was well encapsulated and showed the characteristics of a hyperfunctioning follicular adenoma. The smaller nodule was a typically unencapsulated papillary carcinoma. Several other microfoci of papillary carcinoma were also found in the adjacent tissue. Completion of thyroidectomy was therefore performed, followed by 131I ablative therapy and thyroxine suppressive treatment. This observation suggests that the chronic abnormal stimulation of the thyroid gland by the thyroid-stimulating antibody (TSAb) may facilitate the neoplastic transformation of the thyrocytes in individuals with a critical genetic background.

Topics: Adenoma; Adult; Antithyroid Agents; Carcinoma, Papillary; Female; Graves Disease; Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Methimazole; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroidectomy; Thyroxine; Ultrasonography

Two cases are reported in which a rare hyperthyroidism appeared: in a female after radioiodine therapy for toxic multinodular goiter and in a male after spontaneous regression of a toxic adenoma. Both subjects showed a relapse of hyperthyroidism after a period of well-being lasting almost eight months in the first and three years in the second. Thyroid scans were consistent with an immunogenic hyper-thyroidism because there was a diffuse trapping of 131I in the thyroids while the previous autonomously functioning nodules became "cold". Serum TSH was undetectable, free thyroid hormones were increased, TgAb and TRAb were always normal in both patients, TPO became moderately positive only in the female. TRAb were evaluated only by radioimmunoassay. In these patients a diagnosis of Graves'-like disease was made because of the clinical and scintigraphic pattern. Moreover US did not reveal nodular areas different from those highlighted by scans. None of the subjects developed ophthalmopathy and/or dermopathy. Our remarks show that in particular subjects, genetically susceptible to autoimmunity, the release of antigenic materials secondary to destruction of thyroid nodules can trigger an autoimmune thyroid response resembling Graves' disease. Therefore all patients carrying autonomous nodules should be carefully evaluated for a possible autoimmune disposition before treatment and after admission. Radionuclide imaging is a simple, reliable, non invasive technique which can be applied in the evaluation of the etiology of the relapses.

Topics: Adenoma; Aged; Antithyroid Agents; Autoimmune Diseases; Female; Goiter, Nodular; Graves Disease; Humans; Male; Methimazole; Middle Aged; Radionuclide Imaging; Thyroid Neoplasms

A 65-years-old woman admitted to the hospital in order to treat of the mediastinal tumor, but she suffered from palpitation, slight fever, sweating, uneasiness, sleeplessness and weightloss. On the physical examination, she was experiencing tachycardia, fevering (37.2 approximately 37.6 degrees C). Skin was moist but had no exophtalmos or neck tumor. Chest X-ray showed an abnormal shadow in the upper mediastinum. On chest CT, a tumor mass (9 x 5 x 4 cm) with cystic regions and scattered calcifications occupied from anterior to posterior mediastinum. The tumor compressed trachea to the left and right brachiocephalic vein and SVC to the right. Lower portion of the tumor intruded into behind of the trachea. Lymph node swelling of mediastinum was also detected. Results of general laboratory examination were within normal limits. Thyroid function test revealed hyperthyroidism; T3U 58%, free T3 24.4 pg/ml, free T4 6.0 ng/dl and thyroglobulin 967 mg/dl, but TSH was < 0.01 microIU/ml. After daily administration of methimazole (300 mg/day) for 4 weeks, thyroid function became to normal level and symptoms of hyperthyroidism was disappeared. The tumor was completely extirpated with right hemithyroidectomy and lymph node dissection under neck colla incision and median sternotomy. Pathological finding of the tumor showed follicular-fetal adenoma of thyroid with hyaloid degeneration and cystic change. There was no finding suspected of Graves' disease. She is well without any complications for 8 months after operation. Some discussion of the literature was mentioned.

Topics: Adenoma; Aged; Antithyroid Agents; Female; Goiter, Substernal; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Methimazole; Thyroid Neoplasms

Cholestatic jaundice caused by imidazole derivates is a rare complication of antithyroid therapy. Only 20 such cases have been reported in the literature since the introduction of methimazole in 1949 and of carbimazole in 1953. We present a further case of methimazole-induced cholestatic liver injury, mimicking sclerosing cholangitis, where the etiology has been proven by a clear chronological relationship and the lack of other causative factors.

Topics: Adenoma; Aged; Antithyroid Agents; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; Cholangitis, Sclerosing; Cholestasis, Intrahepatic; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Liver Function Tests; Male; Methimazole; Thyroid Neoplasms

Topics: Adenoma; Female; Goiter, Nodular; Graves Disease; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Iodine Radioisotopes; Methimazole; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Propylthiouracil; Thyroid Neoplasms

Seven patients with hyperthyroidism due to a TSH-secreting pituitary macroadenoma have been observed of a total of 800 patients with pituitary tumors over a period of 15 yr. Serum TSH levels varied between 1.1-36.3 mU/L. The serum alpha-subunit level was low in 1 case, while in 4 other cases the concentration was elevated and varied between 3.7-7.8 micrograms/L. Serum TSH beta levels were normal in the 4 cases in which it was determined. Serum GH or PRL levels were elevated in 5 cases. In 1 patient the cosecretion of TSH, GH, and PRL was confirmed by immunocytochemical examination. Serum TSH and alpha-subunit responses to TRH, GnRH, CRF, GRF, dexamethasone, methimazole, T3, and bromocriptine administration were variable when studied. Serum TSH and alpha-subunit circadian rhythms were absent in 1 case and inverted in another. A serum alpha-subunit pulsatility without TSH pulses was observed in 1 patient. Five patients underwent transsphenoidal adenomectomy. Three of 4 patients operated on in our center were cured, but a recurrence of the adenoma was found in 1 of them after 5 yr. The fifth patient was not cured. Treatment with octreotide in 3 patients resulted in normalization of serum TSH, GH, and thyroid hormones levels. Cosecretion of PRL in 1 case and alpha-subunit in 2 cases was also inhibited. Partial tachyphylaxis occurred in 1 patient. In summary, heterogeneity in clinical presentation, hormonal expression, and therapeutic response appears to characterize these TSH-secreting adenomas.

Topics: Adenoma; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bromocriptine; Circadian Rhythm; Female; Glycoprotein Hormones, alpha Subunit; Growth Hormone; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Male; Methimazole; Middle Aged; Octreotide; Pituitary Neoplasms; Prolactin; Thyrotropin; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone

High serum concentration of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) is considered a reliable marker of T lymphocyte activation. It has been recently reported that sIL-2R levels are increased in untreated Graves' disease. This finding has been interpreted as the consequence of an active autoimmune state, but the relevance of the thyroid function per se was not investigated. In the present study we assayed sIL-2R by ELISA in 20 normal subjects and in a series of patients with immunogenic (Graves' disease, GD) or nonimmunogenic (toxic adenoma, TA) hyperthyroidism. Significant increased concentrations of sIL-2R were found in 46 patients with untreated hyperthyroid GD (mean +/- SD: 1,683 +/- 1016 U/ml, vs 461 +/- 186 U/ml in normal controls, p less than 0.0001) and in 21 with untreated TA (1,111 +/- 617 U/ml, p less than 0.0001 vs normals). Restoration of the euthyroid state by antithyroid drugs or 131I administration was associated with a normalization of sIL-2R (516 +/- 174 U/ml in 38 patients with GD and 365 +/- 90 U/ml in 12 with TA; p = NS vs normals and p less than 0.001 vs the untreated state for both groups). A highly significant positive correlation between serum sIL-2R and free triiodothyronine (FT3) (r = 0.724, p less than 0.0001) or free thyroxine (FT4) (r = 0.698, p less than 0.0001) concentrations was found in combined sera obtained from all untreated and treated patients, irrespectively of the autoimmune or nonautoimmune nature of the underlying hyperthyroid disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Adenoma; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Graves Disease; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Iodine Radioisotopes; Male; Methimazole; Middle Aged; Receptors, Interleukin-2; Thyroid Neoplasms; Triiodothyronine

Thyroid scintigrams of two women (aged 48 and 58) with Plummer's disease showed unusual radioiodine accumulation during treatment with methimazole (MMI). Before MMI therapy, the scintigrams revealed most of the radioiodine uptake only in the nodules of the patients and very little uptake in the non-nodular portions of the thyroid. After initiation of MMI therapy, scintigrams performed at three and eight months revealed that the hot nodules had become hypofunctional and that the surrounding tissues had normal radioiodine accumulation. The findings indicate that the nodules in Plummer's disease continue to concentrate MMI selectively compared with normal surrounding thyroid tissue during therapy.

Topics: Adenoma; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Iodine Radioisotopes; Methimazole; Middle Aged; Radionuclide Imaging; Syndrome; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Neoplasms

In 153 patients, who from 1978 to 1982 were under treatment for clinically and radiochemically proven hyperthyroidism, thyroid function was re-examined at an observation interval of 5-10 years. Overall, the remission rate after initial treatment was 75%; after 5-10 years, 123 patients (80%) showed an euthyroid metabolic condition. Following conservative therapy alone, euthyroidism was seen unexpectedly often in patients with supposed autonomy. This is probably due to a transitory iodine contamination and a heterogeneous case material, as the differentiation from Basedow's hyperthyroidism may be difficult. The conservative initial therapy with thyrostatic drugs is indicated for both forms of hyperthyroidism. Based on the hitherto known prognostic criteria, a reliable prediction of the clinical course of a given case cannot be provided.

Topics: Adenoma; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antithyroid Agents; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Graves Disease; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Male; Methimazole; Middle Aged; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune

A follicular adenoma of the thyroid was 'hot' one hour after 99mTc pertechnetate administration, but 'cold' 24 h after 131I iodide administration. Incubation of the tissue in vitro demonstrated a defect in iodide binding to proteins that was abolished by addition of an H2O2 generating system. In this tissue iodide failed to inhibit TSH-induced cyclic AMP accumulation. The results show that iodide oxidation is required for its inhibitory action on cyclic AMP accumulation in human thyroid.

Topics: Adenoma; Adult; Cyclic AMP; Female; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Iodine Radioisotopes; Methimazole; Potassium Iodide; Protein Binding; Radionuclide Imaging; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m; Technetium; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyrotropin

Subtotal tumour removal had been performed in a 34-year-old female patient for an extensive intra- and suprasellar expansive process. The considerably increased prolactin level did not decrease postoperatively, but normalised only after a three months bromocriptine treatment. The primary hyperthyroidism has been recovering after administering methimazolum. In a second case was reported on a 65-year-old female patient, suffering from rachitic dwarfism, stenosis of the aortic valve and tumour of the hypophysis, causing acromegaly, whose diabetes mellitus of contrainsular type could have been hardly balanced with insulin of a 128-unit-dose daily, and whose hyperthyroidism was due to an autonomous adenoma of the thyroid gland, first I-131 treatment was administered and she got into an euthyroid state. Six weeks following the removal of the acidophilic adenoma of the hypophysis administration of insulin could have been ceased, and the results of her growth hormone became normal. The clinical picture partly corresponds with Troell-Junet's syndrome.

Topics: Acromegaly; Adenoma; Adenoma, Acidophil; Adenoma, Chromophobe; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Complications; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Methimazole; Pituitary Neoplasms; Thyroid Neoplasms

Two patients with overproduction of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) are described. The first patient, a 25-year-old man with recurrent hyperthyroidism, had a pituitary adenoma and highly elevated levels of TSH. While the patient was receiving 0.3 mg of thyroid daily, and basal TSH level was 161 microM/ml. Despite an increase in the thyroid hormone therapy, serum TSH levels remained elevated. The administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) or dexamethasone resulted in no changes in TSH level. The second patient was an 18-year-old man who had inappropriately elevated levels of TSH 3 months after radioiodine therapy for hyperthyroidism. A gradual increase in thyroid hormone replacement therapy decreased the serum TSH levels from 250 to 14.8 microM/ml. The administration of TRH led to huge increases of TSH. Dexamethasone inhibited basal TSH but not TRH-stimulated TSH levels. The overproduction of TSH was attributed to autonomous, neoplastic secretion in the first case and to partial, selective pituitary thyrotroph resistance to thyroid hormone in the second.

Topics: Adenoma; Adolescent; Adult; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Iodine Radioisotopes; Male; Methimazole; Pituitary Neoplasms; Sphenoid Sinus; Thyrotropin; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine

We have investigated the thyroid uptake of Tl-201 in 37 patients with various types of goiter, and in six with normal thyroids. Significant thallium uptake was found in all cases in which there was thyroid enlargement, including Graves' disease, toxic thyroid nodule, primary hypothyroidism, simple goiter, Hashimoto's disease, thyroid carcinoma, and thyroid adenoma. If goiter was absent, however, there was no demonstrable uptake--e.g., in secondary hypothyroidism, subacute thyroiditis, and the normal controls. Thallium uptake did not correlate with thyroid function tests such as BMR, T3-RU, T3, T4, TSH, antithyroid antibodies, or the 24-hr I-131 uptake. In 23 patients with diffuse goiter, on the other hand, maximum Tl-201 uptake correlated well with thyroid weight: r = 0.836 (p less than 0.001); y = 0.02 x + 0.06.

Topics: Adenoma; Antithyroid Agents; Contrast Media; Goiter; Goiter, Nodular; Graves Disease; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Iodipamide; Methimazole; Radioisotopes; Radionuclide Imaging; Syndrome; Thallium; Thyroid (USP); Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroiditis; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune; Thyrotropin

Hypothyroidism is induced in rats treated with thiamazole, an antithyroid drug. If this phase lasts long enough, the follicular cells develop adenomas. Within the same period, the number of parafollicular or C cells increases threefold on an average, but without producing corresponding adenomas, the formation of which is inhibited. When treatment is stopped, a second phase appears during which thyroid function reverts to normal. The previously observed inhibition disappears, and, after a period of latency, the hyperplastic C cells develop parafollicular adenomas. The type of tumors to be found in treated rats (either of them, or both simultaneously) is determined by respective durations of the two phases. The endocrine mechanisms of these phenomena are discussed.

Topics: Adenoma; Animals; Antithyroid Agents; Hypothyroidism; Male; Methimazole; Neoplasms, Experimental; Rats; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Neoplasms; Time Factors

The nature of tumors appearing in the thyroid gland and in the lungs of mice fed two standard goitrogenic drugs (MTU and MII) has been studied. These tumors have been considered malignant on the basis of their morphological appearance and their occurrence in abnormal locations. Some investigatiors, however, have questioned that they are actually malignant. The present results indicate that these tumors are most likely not malignant even if it is shown that the pulmonary nodules are of thyroid origin. The thyroid adenomas disappear once the goitrogen is withdrawn, but thryoid enlargement pesists, and event 6 months after discontinuation of the goitrogenic treatment , pulmonary nodules are still produced. Evidence is presented that these nodules are emoli from hyperplastic thyroid tissue and not tumors.

Topics: Adenoma; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diet; Glycolysis; Hyperplasia; Iodine; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Methimazole; Methylthiouracil; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Oxygen Consumption; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Neoplasms

Topics: Adenoma; Antithyroid Agents; Carbimazole; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Iodides; Methimazole; Propylthiouracil; Sulfur Isotopes; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Neoplasms

Topics: Adenoma; Aged; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cholangiography; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Liver; Liver Function Tests; Methimazole; Thyroid Neoplasms

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adenoma; Animals; Female; Hyperplasia; Hypertrophy; Male; Methimazole; Neoplasms; Rats; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Neoplasms

Topics: Adenoma; Adult; Female; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hyperparathyroidism; Hyperthyroidism; Methimazole; Parathyroid Neoplasms; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Adenoma; Humans; Iodine Isotopes; Methimazole; Radionuclide Imaging; Thyroid Neoplasms

Topics: Adenoma; Animals; Antithyroid Agents; Carcinogens; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cysts; Female; Glucose; Goiter; Imidazoles; Kidney Diseases; Lactates; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Methimazole; Methylthiouracil; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Ovarian Cysts; Oxygen Consumption; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Neoplasms; Triiodothyronine

Topics: Adenoma; Animals; Antithyroid Agents; Hypercalcemia; Hyperparathyroidism; Iodine Isotopes; Methimazole; Parathyroid Glands; Rats; Thyroid Neoplasms

Topics: Adenoma; Animals; Antithyroid Agents; Carcinogens; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Female; Goiter; Imidazoles; Liver Neoplasms; Methimazole; Mice; Neoplasms, Experimental; Ovarian Neoplasms; Oxygen Consumption; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Neoplasms