methadone and Substance-Related Disorders studies

Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3)
methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.
6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" This study investigates HIV, drug use, and mental health stigmas in three dimensions (social, internalized, and professional) around PWH on methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) who have common mental disorders (CMDs) including depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders in Hanoi, Vietnam."	9.51	Stigma experienced by people living with HIV who are on methadone maintenance treatment and have symptoms of common mental disorders in Hanoi, Vietnam: a qualitative study. ( Chibanda, D; Filipowicz, TR; Gaynes, BN; Go, VF; Ho, HT; Landrum, KR; Le, GM; Nguyen, MX; Nong, HTT; Pence, BW; Tran, HV; Tran, TTT; Verhey, R, 2022)
"Most methadone-maintained injection drug users (IDUs) have been infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), but few initiate HCV treatment."	9.15	Rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial of directly observed hepatitis C treatment delivered in methadone clinics. ( Arnsten, JH; Berg, KM; Hidalgo, J; Li, X; Litwin, AH, 2011)
" One hundred patients with chronic hepatitis C, 50 on methadone maintenance, and 50 with no intravenous drug use or opioid maintenance for at least 5 years were prospectively matched for sex, age, hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype and HCV RNA."	9.11	A prospective controlled study of interferon-based therapy of chronic hepatitis C in patients on methadone maintenance. ( Berger, F; Goelz, J; Jacob, B; Mauss, S; Schmutz, G, 2004)
"To evaluate relapse prevention (relapse prevention) and contingency management (contingency management) for optimizing smoking cessation outcomes using nicotine replacement therapy for methadone-maintained tobacco smokers."	9.10	Smoking cessation in methadone maintenance. ( Frosch, D; Jarvik, ME; Ling, W; Nahom, D; Rawson, RA; Rotheram-Fuller, E; Shoptaw, S; Yang, X, 2002)
"Buprenorphine and methadone are opioid-receptor agonists used as opioid substitution therapy during pregnancy to limit exposure of the fetus to cycles of opioid withdrawal and reduce the risk of infectious comorbidities of illicit opioid use."	8.90	Buprenorphine and methadone for opioid addiction during pregnancy. ( Mozurkewich, EL; Rayburn, WF, 2014)
"In this report-the fourth of a series on codeine and its alternates for pain and cough relief-an attempt is made to evaluate, on the basis of experimental and clinical data, and wherever possible in comparison with codeine, the effectiveness of a number of antitussive substances currently in clinical use."	8.74	Codeine and its alternates for pain and cough relief . 4. Potential alternates for cough relief. ( Eddy, NB; Friebel, H; Hahn, KJ; Halbach, H, 1969)
"Despite high hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence, opioid use disorder (OUD) patients on methadone rarely engage in HCV treatment."	7.91	Integrated, Co-located, Telemedicine-based Treatment Approaches for Hepatitis C Virus Management in Opioid Use Disorder Patients on Methadone. ( Andrews, P; Brown, LS; Chen, Y; Markatou, M; Mcleod, A; Sylvester, C; Talal, AH, 2019)
" Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is an evidence-based effective treatment for drug addiction; however, there are few studies investigating depression, suicidal ideation, and their related factors among MMT users."	7.83	Depression, suicidal ideation, and related factors of methadone maintenance treatment users in Guangzhou, China. ( Davis, A; Gu, J; Hao, C; Hao, Y; Lau, JT; Xu, H; Zhang, X; Zhao, Y, 2016)
"We tested an interaction between substance use and depression on HAART adherence among methadone maintenance patients."	7.81	The interaction of active substance use, depression, and antiretroviral adherence in methadone maintenance. ( Berg, KM; Gonzalez, JS; Newville, H, 2015)
"This study examined the relationship of pathological gambling to negative treatment outcomes for methadone maintenance patients aged 50 or older."	7.81	Pathological gambling and treatment outcomes for adults age 50 or older in methadone maintenance treatment. ( Engel, RJ; Rosen, D, 2015)
"Smoking cessation treatment service is concerned to be a critical element in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in order to diminish the effect of smoke on health outcomes."	7.81	Motivation for smoking cessation among drug-using smokers under methadone maintenance treatment in Vietnam. ( Do, HP; Dunne, M; Latkin, C; Nguyen, LH; Nguyen, NP; Phan, HT; Tran, BX, 2015)
"To determine the relationship between methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) and hepatitis C (HCV) seroconversion among illicit drug users."	7.80	The impact of methadone maintenance therapy on hepatitis C incidence among illicit drug users. ( Dias Lima, V; Fairbairn, N; Grebely, J; Kerr, T; Montaner, J; Nolan, S; Wood, E, 2014)
"This pilot study explores somatic, psychological, and urogenital menopause symptoms associated with HIV drug and sexual risk among midlife women with substance abuse histories in methadone maintenance treatment."	7.79	Relationship between menopause symptoms and HIV risk among midlife women in methadone treatment: a pilot study. ( Daneshyar, S; Kull, RM; Pennington, LE; Tuchman, E, 2013)
" We present a case of a 23-year-old man who had acute necrosis of the bilateral globi pallidi in the brain and systemic rhabdomyolysis after ingesting methadone and nasally insufflating alprazolam."	7.79	Bilateral acute necrosis of the globi pallidi and rhabdomyolysis due to combined methadone and benzodiazepine toxicity. ( Corliss, RF; Mandal, R; Soriano, BJ, 2013)
"Methadone, used both to treat opioid addiction and to manage chronic pain, is commonly prescribed as an opioid of choice for patients with chronic pain and comorbid substance use disorders."	7.78	Methadone in the chronic pain patient with a substance use disorder. ( Friedman, CK; Reisfield, GM, 2012)
"To study the risk factors for seroconversion to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection since admission to methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and to characterize the seronegative admitted group."	7.77	Low risk for hepatitis C seroconversion in methadone maintenance treatment. ( Adelson, M; Peles, E; Rados, V; Schreiber, S, 2011)
"This article describes menopause symptom attributions among 135 midlife methadone-maintained women between the ages of 40 and 55 years."	7.76	Menopause symptom attribution among midlife women in methadone treatment. ( Tuchman, E, 2010)
"Hepatitis C virus (HCV) knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and experiences (KABE) of 64 HCV antibody positive methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) patients were assessed in conjunction with acceptability of an on-site semi-structured HCV education session, HCV RNA diagnostic testing, HCV treatment motivational assessment, and initiation of HCV treatment."	7.76	Methadone maintenance patients' knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and experiences concerning treatment for hepatitis C virus infection. ( Batki, SL; Canfield, KM; Smyth, E, 2010)
"Infants born to drug-misusing mothers prescribed methadone in pregnancy are at risk of a range of visual problems, the underlying causes of which are not clear."	7.76	Ophthalmic, clinical and visual electrophysiological findings in children born to mothers prescribed substitute methadone in pregnancy. ( Bradnam, MS; Hamilton, R; MacKinnon, JR; Mactier, H; McGlone, L; Russell, HC, 2010)
"Following the findings of perceived poor sleep and of chronic pain among former heroin addicts, current methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) patients, and its possible relation to methadone dose, we studied these patients' objective sleep parameters."	7.75	Documented poor sleep among methadone-maintained patients is associated with chronic pain and benzodiazepine abuse, but not with methadone dose. ( Adelson, M; Peles, E; Schreiber, S, 2009)
"Differences in psychiatric distress and substance use (licit and illicit) were examined in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) patients with a variety of pain experiences."	7.75	Relations among psychopathology, substance use, and physical pain experiences in methadone-maintained patients. ( Barry, DT; Beitel, M; Garnet, B; Joshi, D; Rosenblum, A; Schottenfeld, RS, 2009)
"The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and investigate the aetiology of hypogonadism in men on methadone or buprenorphine maintenance treatment (MMT, BMT)."	7.75	Hypogonadism in men receiving methadone and buprenorphine maintenance treatment. ( Agho, K; Attia, J; Byrne, A; Hallinan, R; McMahon, CG; Tynan, P, 2009)
"Sixty-eight patients treated with methadone for opiate dependence during pregnancy (vaginal n=35; cesarean n=33) were matched retrospectively to control women."	7.74	Intrapartum and postpartum analgesia for women maintained on methadone during pregnancy. ( Benvenuto, A; Howard, D; Meyer, M; Plante, D; Wagner, K, 2007)
"We examined the impact of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) on risk behaviors for transmission of blood-borne diseases in polydrug users who had tested positive or negative for hepatitis C virus (HCV)."	7.74	Hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus risk behaviors in polydrug users on methadone maintenance. ( Belendiuk, KA; Epstein, DH; Preston, KL; Schmittner, J; Willner-Reid, J, 2008)
"There was described and discussed a case of methadone maintenance participant, former polydrug abuser, who has received a standard treatment with bupropion SR for smoking cessation."	7.73	[Bupropion in cigarettes smoking cessation by former polydrug user participating in methadone maintenance programme]. ( Habrat, B; Steinbarth-Chmielewska, K, 2005)
"In order to examine the effects of a diagnosis of childhood conduct disorder (CD) on history of attempted suicide and drug use, unconfounded by early onset heroin use, 181 methadone maintenance patients who commenced heroin use after the age of 15 were interviewed."	7.72	The relationship of conduct disorder to attempted suicide and drug use history among methadone maintenance patients. ( Darke, S; Lynskey, M; Ross, J, 2003)
"To estimate the prevalence and to examine the characteristics of chronic severe pain in chemically dependent populations receiving methadone maintenance or inpatient residential treatment."	7.72	Prevalence and characteristics of chronic pain among chemically dependent patients in methadone maintenance and residential treatment facilities. ( Cleland, C; Fong, C; Joseph, H; Kipnis, S; Portenoy, RK; Rosenblum, A, 2003)
"The survey of viral infections in the liver investigated by means of serological markers of hepatitis A, B and C in drug addicts on methadone maintenance treatment is important for the next procedures."	7.72	[Prevalence of serological markers of viral hepatitis B and hepatitis C in drug-dependent individuals treated at the Drop Methadone Center in Prague]. ( Urbánek, P; Wilczek, H, 2003)
"To assess the outcomes of infants born to mothers receiving methadone for the management of pain in pregnancy."	7.72	Outcomes of infants born to mothers receiving methadone for pain management in pregnancy. ( Kuschel, C; Sharpe, C, 2004)
"This paper examines the correlates of problem gambling among a population of 220 methadone patients receiving treatment in the New York metropolitan area."	7.69	Pathological gambling among methadone patients. ( Feigelman, W; Kleinman, PH; Lesieur, HR; Lesser, ML; Millman, RB, 1995)
" Because a history of depression has been shown in other populations to complicate cessation efforts, the relationship between depression and nicotine dependence was tested in 726 methadone patients."	7.69	Nicotine dependence and depression among methadone maintenance patients. ( Brown, LS; Lin, MM; Meyer, TJ, 1996)
"The objective of this study was to describe the incidence and prevalence of hepatitis C infection among clients of a methadone program in Queensland."	7.69	Incidence and prevalence of hepatitis C among clients of a Brisbane methadone clinic: factors influencing hepatitis C serostatus. ( Denton, M; Plant, AJ; Selvey, LA, 1997)
"The rate of tuberculosis in patients receiving methadone treatment is significantly greater than the general population."	7.69	Tuberculosis treatment through directly observed therapy in a large multisite methadone maintenance treatment program: addressing the public health needs of a high-risk population. ( Altarac, D; Dansky, SF, 1995)
"The incidence of panic attacks methadone-maintained patients has increased over a 10-year period from 1 to 6-13%."	7.68	Cocaine-associated panic attacks in methadone-maintained patients. ( Kosten, T; Rosen, MI, 1992)
" These two groups were compared with a group of women who had used narcotics in the past and were maintained on methadone during pregnancy, and with a group of drug-free women."	7.67	Cocaine use in pregnancy. ( Burns, KA; Burns, WJ; Chasnoff, IJ; Schnoll, SH, 1985)
"The data on alcoholism presented in this paper were extracted from a major follow-up study of active and discharged methadone patients conducted from 1974 through 1977 in New York City."	7.67	Alcoholism and methadone treatment: consequences for the patient and program. ( Appel, P; Joseph, H, 1985)
"The course of pregnancy and delivery in 28 women under closely supervised methadone maintenance (group 1) was compared with that of 57 women using heroin or methadone under less controlled circumstances (group 2) and with that of 30 women free of mood-altering medications (group 3)."	7.65	Narcotic dependency in pregnancy. Methadone maintenance compared to use of street drugs. ( Adamsons, K; Stimmel, B, 1976)
"A patient with methadone-induced pulmonary edema had increased extravascular water in the lungs and a reduced total vascular albumin space."	7.65	Methadone-induced pulmonary edema. ( Klassen, G; Knight, L; Presant, S, 1975)
"A retrospective, inception cohort, nonrandomized control design was employed to evaluate the effects of daily vs twice daily dosing of methadone on opiate/cocaine use, and noncompliance with urine toxicology requests in methadone-maintained pregnant women, n = 45."	6.68	Methadone dosing and pregnancy: impact on program compliance. ( DePetrillo, PB; Rice, JM, 1995)
"Substance addiction is damaging to the health of persons, families, and society."	6.49	Spirituality, religiosity, depression, anxiety, and drug-use consequences during methadone maintenance therapy. ( Piacentine, LB, 2013)
" This study investigates HIV, drug use, and mental health stigmas in three dimensions (social, internalized, and professional) around PWH on methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) who have common mental disorders (CMDs) including depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders in Hanoi, Vietnam."	5.51	Stigma experienced by people living with HIV who are on methadone maintenance treatment and have symptoms of common mental disorders in Hanoi, Vietnam: a qualitative study. ( Chibanda, D; Filipowicz, TR; Gaynes, BN; Go, VF; Ho, HT; Landrum, KR; Le, GM; Nguyen, MX; Nong, HTT; Pence, BW; Tran, HV; Tran, TTT; Verhey, R, 2022)
"A methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) program to curb the dual epidemics of HIV/AIDS and drug use has been administered by China since 2004."	5.46	Spatial distribution of HIV, HCV, and co-infections among drug users in the southwestern border areas of China (2004-2014): a cohort study of a national methadone maintenance treatment program. ( He, C; Huang, W; Lan, G; Li, C; Li, M; Li, R; Liang, N; Peng, Z; Shen, Z; Tang, X; Zhong, F, 2017)
"Methadone maintenance treatment program patients were referred, evaluated by the internist and hepatologist in hepatitis clinic and provided HCV treatment with integration between both sites."	5.38	Integrated internist - addiction medicine - hepatology model for hepatitis C management for individuals on methadone maintenance. ( Beeder, AB; Dimova, R; Kreek, MJ; Marks, KM; Martinez, AD; Talal, AH; Zeremski, M, 2012)
"Depression was assessed via clinician ratings (Clinical Global Impression Scale and Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale) and self-report (Beck Depression Inventory-Short Form)."	5.37	Clinician-assessed depression and HAART adherence in HIV-infected individuals in methadone maintenance treatment. ( Applebaum, A; Batchelder, A; Gonzalez, JS; Newville, H; Psaros, C; Safren, SA, 2011)
"57% had a current non-substance use psychiatric disorder."	5.35	Health-related quality of life in methadone maintenance patients with untreated hepatitis C virus infection. ( Batki, SL; Canfield, KM; Ploutz-Snyder, R; Smyth, E, 2009)
"Age, and the duration of opioid dependence showed a significant influence on cocaine positive urinalysis."	5.31	[Cocaine abuse in maintenance therapy with methadone in narcotic dependent patients]. ( Fischer, G; Kraigher, D; Ortner, R; Peternell, A; Schindler, S; Topitz, A, 2001)
" First-pass glucuronidation limits systemic bioavailability of oral naloxone."	5.28	Treatment of opioid-induced constipation with oral naloxone: a pilot study. ( Culpepper-Morgan, JA; Foley, K; Houde, RW; Inturrisi, CE; Kreek, MJ; Marsh, F; Portenoy, RK, 1992)
"Opioid detoxification is not an effective stand-alone treatment for heroin dependence but is nevertheless an essential step in the path to recovery."	5.15	Outpatient versus inpatient opioid detoxification: a randomized controlled trial. ( Day, E; Strang, J, 2011)
"Methadone clinic-based directly observed antiretroviral therapy (DOT) has been shown to be more efficacious for improving adherence and suppressing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) load than antiretroviral self-administration."	5.15	Lack of sustained improvement in adherence or viral load following a directly observed antiretroviral therapy intervention. ( Arnsten, JH; Berg, KM; Heo, M; Li, X; Litwin, AH, 2011)
"Most methadone-maintained injection drug users (IDUs) have been infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), but few initiate HCV treatment."	5.15	Rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial of directly observed hepatitis C treatment delivered in methadone clinics. ( Arnsten, JH; Berg, KM; Hidalgo, J; Li, X; Litwin, AH, 2011)
" One hundred patients with chronic hepatitis C, 50 on methadone maintenance, and 50 with no intravenous drug use or opioid maintenance for at least 5 years were prospectively matched for sex, age, hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype and HCV RNA."	5.11	A prospective controlled study of interferon-based therapy of chronic hepatitis C in patients on methadone maintenance. ( Berger, F; Goelz, J; Jacob, B; Mauss, S; Schmutz, G, 2004)
"Stabilised MMPs scoring over 21 on the Beck Depression Inventory were randomised to receive fluoxetine or placebo over 12 weeks."	5.10	A randomised, controlled trial of fluoxetine in methadone maintenance patients with depressive symptoms. ( Bell, J; Christie, MJ; Dean, AJ; Mascord, DJ; Parker, G, 2002)
"To evaluate relapse prevention (relapse prevention) and contingency management (contingency management) for optimizing smoking cessation outcomes using nicotine replacement therapy for methadone-maintained tobacco smokers."	5.10	Smoking cessation in methadone maintenance. ( Frosch, D; Jarvik, ME; Ling, W; Nahom, D; Rawson, RA; Rotheram-Fuller, E; Shoptaw, S; Yang, X, 2002)
"To investigate whether the neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is different in children born to women maintained on slow-release morphine, compared with those maintained on methadone, and to compare additional drug consumption in these groups of women."	5.09	Comparison of methadone and slow-release morphine maintenance in pregnant addicts. ( Aschauer, HN; Eder, H; Etzersdorfer, P; Fischer, G; Gombas, W; Jagsch, R; Schatten, C; Schmidl-Mohl, K; Weninger, M, 1999)
" However, it is still not clear, how aspirin affects expression of major platelet receptors in chronic drug users with coronary artery disease, especially those recovering in the methadone clinic maintenance program."	5.09	Paradoxical activation of major platelet receptors in the methadone-maintained patients after single pill of aspirin. ( Callahan, KP; Malinin, AI; Serebruany, VL, 2001)
" Mydriasis (pupil dilation) in response to conjunctivally applied naloxone hydrochloride has been demonstrated using an innovative electronic binocular pupillometer in 40 opiate dependent patients, on maintenance methadone treatment."	5.08	The opiate addiction test: a clinical evaluation of a quick test for physical dependence on opiate drugs. ( Britten, AJ; Ghodse, H; Greaves, JL; Lynch, D; Taylor, DR, 1995)
"This study examines prevalence rates for DSM-III-R anxiety and affective disorders in three follow-up samples of opioid addicts who were treated with methadone maintenance."	5.08	Psychiatric comorbidity: prevalence in methadone maintenance treatment. ( Haas, N; Huggins, N; Khuder, S; McLellan, AT; Milby, JB; Schumacher, JE; Sims, MK; Woody, G, 1996)
" In the United States there are medications available to treat tobacco use disorders (nicotine replacement, bupropion, and varenicline), alcohol use disorders (naltrexone and acamprosate), and opioid use disorders (methadone and buprenorphine)."	4.93	Pharmacotherapy for Substance Use Disorders. ( Klein, JW, 2016)
"Buprenorphine and methadone are opioid-receptor agonists used as opioid substitution therapy during pregnancy to limit exposure of the fetus to cycles of opioid withdrawal and reduce the risk of infectious comorbidities of illicit opioid use."	4.90	Buprenorphine and methadone for opioid addiction during pregnancy. ( Mozurkewich, EL; Rayburn, WF, 2014)
"This manuscript provides an overview of the current scientific literature on the impact of maternal drug use, specifically opioids and cocaine, during pregnancy on the acute and long-term outcomes of infants and toddlers from birth through age 3 years."	4.86	Prenatal drug exposure: infant and toddler outcomes. ( Accornero, VH; Bandstra, ES; Mansoor, E; Morrow, CE, 2010)
"The results confirm that, in a nonexperimental clinical practice setting, BUP is as effective as methadone in the treatment of heroin dependence, with significantly better opiate abuse control, thus possibly allowing longer and more effective treatment programs with reduced relapse rates."	4.83	Multimodal drug addiction treatment: a field comparison of methadone and buprenorphine among heroin- and cocaine-dependent patients. ( Cocchi, L; Corrado, F; Cozzolino, E; De Chiara, M; Guglielmino, L; Marzorati, P; Silenzio, R; Vigezzi, P, 2006)
" This method has found smoking cessation and methadone maintenance to be highly cost-effective health care programs."	4.80	The cost-effectiveness of substance abuse treatment. ( Barnett, PG, 1999)
" Opiate addicts in general and on methadone maintenance treatment appear to have unusually high rates of recognized alcoholism."	4.77	Alcohol and opioids: possible interactions of clinical importance. ( Cushman, P, 1987)
" The pernicious effects of alcohol abuse among methadone maintenance patients is documented and discussed, including the medical hazards associated with alcohol-drug abuse."	4.75	Alcohol by drug-dependent persons: a literature review and evaluation. ( Carroll, JF; Kenrick, FM; Malloy, FE, 1977)
"In this report-the fourth of a series on codeine and its alternates for pain and cough relief-an attempt is made to evaluate, on the basis of experimental and clinical data, and wherever possible in comparison with codeine, the effectiveness of a number of antitussive substances currently in clinical use."	4.74	Codeine and its alternates for pain and cough relief . 4. Potential alternates for cough relief. ( Eddy, NB; Friebel, H; Hahn, KJ; Halbach, H, 1969)
"Despite high hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence, opioid use disorder (OUD) patients on methadone rarely engage in HCV treatment."	3.91	Integrated, Co-located, Telemedicine-based Treatment Approaches for Hepatitis C Virus Management in Opioid Use Disorder Patients on Methadone. ( Andrews, P; Brown, LS; Chen, Y; Markatou, M; Mcleod, A; Sylvester, C; Talal, AH, 2019)
"This paper describes the development of a mobile health tool to facilitate Hepatitis C (HCV) treatment decision making in methadone patients."	3.88	Take Charge, Get Cured: The development and user testing of a culturally targeted mHealth decision tool on HCV treatment initiation for methadone patients. ( Alhajji, M; Bauerle Bass, S; Forry, J; Gashat, M; Jessop, A; Maurer, L, 2018)
" In light of the ongoing opioid epidemic, the purpose of the current study was to understand the prevalence and health-related correlates of loss of control (LOC) eating in adults seeking methadone maintenance treatment primarily for addiction to heroin and/or painkillers."	3.88	Prevalence and Correlates of Loss of Control Eating among Adults Presenting for Methadone Maintenance Treatment. ( Bond, DS; Bryson, WC; Cotton, BP; Goldschmidt, AB; Laurent, J; Mackey, S, 2018)
" Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is an evidence-based effective treatment for drug addiction; however, there are few studies investigating depression, suicidal ideation, and their related factors among MMT users."	3.83	Depression, suicidal ideation, and related factors of methadone maintenance treatment users in Guangzhou, China. ( Davis, A; Gu, J; Hao, C; Hao, Y; Lau, JT; Xu, H; Zhang, X; Zhao, Y, 2016)
"We tested an interaction between substance use and depression on HAART adherence among methadone maintenance patients."	3.81	The interaction of active substance use, depression, and antiretroviral adherence in methadone maintenance. ( Berg, KM; Gonzalez, JS; Newville, H, 2015)
"This study examined the relationship of pathological gambling to negative treatment outcomes for methadone maintenance patients aged 50 or older."	3.81	Pathological gambling and treatment outcomes for adults age 50 or older in methadone maintenance treatment. ( Engel, RJ; Rosen, D, 2015)
"Little is known about the experience of chronic pain and the occurrence of illicit drug use behaviors in the population enrolled in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) programs."	3.81	Longitudinal analysis of pain and illicit drug use behaviors in outpatients on methadone maintenance. ( Cheatle, MD; Chen, J; Dhingra, L; Jordan, AE; Masson, C; McKnight, C; Perlman, DC; Portenoy, RK; Wasser, T, 2015)
"Smoking cessation treatment service is concerned to be a critical element in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in order to diminish the effect of smoke on health outcomes."	3.81	Motivation for smoking cessation among drug-using smokers under methadone maintenance treatment in Vietnam. ( Do, HP; Dunne, M; Latkin, C; Nguyen, LH; Nguyen, NP; Phan, HT; Tran, BX, 2015)
"The current study examined (1) the association between recent IPV victimization and alcohol and cocaine use and (2) the relationship between recent IPV victimization and depression in a sample of smokers (N = 203) in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT)."	3.80	Intimate partner violence among individuals in methadone maintenance treatment. ( Anderson, BJ; Caviness, CM; de Dios, MA; Stein, M, 2014)
"To determine the relationship between methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) and hepatitis C (HCV) seroconversion among illicit drug users."	3.80	The impact of methadone maintenance therapy on hepatitis C incidence among illicit drug users. ( Dias Lima, V; Fairbairn, N; Grebely, J; Kerr, T; Montaner, J; Nolan, S; Wood, E, 2014)
"We reports a six-year-old child with autistic disorder and methadone intoxication."	3.80	Be careful of lies: a six-year-old boy with respiratory distress and decreased level of consciousness. ( Farshadmoghadam, H; Gharib, B; Hosseini, F; Yaghmaie, B, 2014)
"This pilot study explores somatic, psychological, and urogenital menopause symptoms associated with HIV drug and sexual risk among midlife women with substance abuse histories in methadone maintenance treatment."	3.79	Relationship between menopause symptoms and HIV risk among midlife women in methadone treatment: a pilot study. ( Daneshyar, S; Kull, RM; Pennington, LE; Tuchman, E, 2013)
"The purpose of the present study is to determine the role of lidocaine, caffeine and dextromethorphan, used as adulterant substances, in five cases of drug overdose which have come to our attention."	3.79	The pathogenetic role of adulterants in 5 cases of drug addicts with a fatal outcome. ( Barbera, N; Busardò, FP; Indorato, F; Romano, G, 2013)
" For opiate-addicted pregnant women, methadone is the treatment of choice and should be maintained throughout pregnancy, despite the manageable problem of neonatal opiate withdrawal."	3.79	Management of the pregnant substance abusing woman. ( Sheehan, M; Sheehan, MG, 2013)
" We present a case of a 23-year-old man who had acute necrosis of the bilateral globi pallidi in the brain and systemic rhabdomyolysis after ingesting methadone and nasally insufflating alprazolam."	3.79	Bilateral acute necrosis of the globi pallidi and rhabdomyolysis due to combined methadone and benzodiazepine toxicity. ( Corliss, RF; Mandal, R; Soriano, BJ, 2013)
"Methadone, used both to treat opioid addiction and to manage chronic pain, is commonly prescribed as an opioid of choice for patients with chronic pain and comorbid substance use disorders."	3.78	Methadone in the chronic pain patient with a substance use disorder. ( Friedman, CK; Reisfield, GM, 2012)
"Benzodiazepines (BZD) misuse is a serious public health problem, especially among opiate-dependent patients with anxiety enrolled in methadone program because it puts patients at higher risk of life-threatening multiple drug overdoses."	3.77	Benzodiazepine use and misuse among patients in a methadone program. ( Berger, CC; Chen, KW; D'Adamo, C; Forde, DP; Gandhi, D; Weintraub, E, 2011)
"To study the risk factors for seroconversion to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection since admission to methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and to characterize the seronegative admitted group."	3.77	Low risk for hepatitis C seroconversion in methadone maintenance treatment. ( Adelson, M; Peles, E; Rados, V; Schreiber, S, 2011)
"This article describes menopause symptom attributions among 135 midlife methadone-maintained women between the ages of 40 and 55 years."	3.76	Menopause symptom attribution among midlife women in methadone treatment. ( Tuchman, E, 2010)
"Hepatitis C virus (HCV) knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and experiences (KABE) of 64 HCV antibody positive methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) patients were assessed in conjunction with acceptability of an on-site semi-structured HCV education session, HCV RNA diagnostic testing, HCV treatment motivational assessment, and initiation of HCV treatment."	3.76	Methadone maintenance patients' knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and experiences concerning treatment for hepatitis C virus infection. ( Batki, SL; Canfield, KM; Smyth, E, 2010)
"Infants born to drug-misusing mothers prescribed methadone in pregnancy are at risk of a range of visual problems, the underlying causes of which are not clear."	3.76	Ophthalmic, clinical and visual electrophysiological findings in children born to mothers prescribed substitute methadone in pregnancy. ( Bradnam, MS; Hamilton, R; MacKinnon, JR; Mactier, H; McGlone, L; Russell, HC, 2010)
"Following the findings of perceived poor sleep and of chronic pain among former heroin addicts, current methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) patients, and its possible relation to methadone dose, we studied these patients' objective sleep parameters."	3.75	Documented poor sleep among methadone-maintained patients is associated with chronic pain and benzodiazepine abuse, but not with methadone dose. ( Adelson, M; Peles, E; Schreiber, S, 2009)
"Retrospective cohort study of 232 metropolitan and 67 rural infants born to mothers maintained on methadone throughout pregnancy for the treatment of opiate dependency, between January 2000 and December 2006."	3.75	Pregnancy and neonatal characteristics of opioid-dependent Indigenous Australians: a rural and metropolitan comparison. ( An, EI; Canalese, J; Liu, AJ; Nanan, R; Tetstall, E, 2009)
"Differences in psychiatric distress and substance use (licit and illicit) were examined in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) patients with a variety of pain experiences."	3.75	Relations among psychopathology, substance use, and physical pain experiences in methadone-maintained patients. ( Barry, DT; Beitel, M; Garnet, B; Joshi, D; Rosenblum, A; Schottenfeld, RS, 2009)
"To investigate the possibility of utilizing the ratio of the methadone metabolite, 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP), to urine creatinine to develop a regression model that would predict drug adherence in patients prescribed methadone for either pain management or drug addiction."	3.75	Quantification of a methadone metabolite (EDDP) in urine: assessment of compliance. ( Larson, ME; Richards, TM, 2009)
"The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and investigate the aetiology of hypogonadism in men on methadone or buprenorphine maintenance treatment (MMT, BMT)."	3.75	Hypogonadism in men receiving methadone and buprenorphine maintenance treatment. ( Agho, K; Attia, J; Byrne, A; Hallinan, R; McMahon, CG; Tynan, P, 2009)
" Maternal and neonatal outcomes were evaluated, including cholestasis of pregnancy, preterm birth, low birth weight, neonatal intensive care unit admissions, and neonatal methadone withdrawal."	3.74	Chronic hepatitis C in pregnancy. ( Arora, S; Berkley, EM; Dunkelberg, JC; Leslie, KK; Qualls, C, 2008)
"Sixty-eight patients treated with methadone for opiate dependence during pregnancy (vaginal n=35; cesarean n=33) were matched retrospectively to control women."	3.74	Intrapartum and postpartum analgesia for women maintained on methadone during pregnancy. ( Benvenuto, A; Howard, D; Meyer, M; Plante, D; Wagner, K, 2007)
" The current study assessed anxiety, depression, hostility and alexithymia levels in 70 methadone maintenance treatment patients."	3.74	Self-medication hypothesis of substance use: testing Khantzian's updated theory. ( Hall, DH; Queener, JE, 2007)
"We examined the impact of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) on risk behaviors for transmission of blood-borne diseases in polydrug users who had tested positive or negative for hepatitis C virus (HCV)."	3.74	Hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus risk behaviors in polydrug users on methadone maintenance. ( Belendiuk, KA; Epstein, DH; Preston, KL; Schmittner, J; Willner-Reid, J, 2008)
"We selected 32 women in the city of Vancouver known to have used heroin or methadone during pregnancy between October 2001 and December 2002."	3.74	Rooming-in compared with standard care for newborns of mothers using methadone or heroin. ( Abrahams, RR; Janssen, PA; Kelly, SA; Mackintosh, J; Payne, S; Thiessen, PN, 2007)
"Prevalence of buprenorphine injection, associations with location, buprenorphine as prescribed pharmacotherapy, markers of hepatitis C virus (HCV) exposure and risk behaviours for HCV."	3.74	Buprenorphine injection in Melbourne, Australia--an update. ( Aitken, CK; Hellard, ME; Higgs, PG, 2008)
"There was described and discussed a case of methadone maintenance participant, former polydrug abuser, who has received a standard treatment with bupropion SR for smoking cessation."	3.73	[Bupropion in cigarettes smoking cessation by former polydrug user participating in methadone maintenance programme]. ( Habrat, B; Steinbarth-Chmielewska, K, 2005)
" Severity of psychological distress was related to current substance-related diagnoses, benzodiazepine abuse, higher methadone dosage, risk-taking behavior and the presence of hepatitis C."	3.73	Does psychiatric comorbidity affect drug abuse treatment outcome? A prospective assessment of drug abuse, treatment tenure and infectious diseases in an Israeli methadone maintenance clinic. ( Adelson, M; Bleich, A; Gelkopf, M; Melamed, Y; Weizman, T, 2006)
" BTDD may be a useful adjunct to methadone maintenance for treating comorbid depressive disorders."	3.73	Behavior therapy for depression in drug dependence (BTDD): results of a stage Ia therapy development pilot. ( Aharonovich, E; Carpenter, KM; Iguchi, MY; Nunes, EV; Smith, JL, 2006)
"We evaluated the prevalence of the sexually transmitted infections (STIs) chlamydia and gonorrhea in clients at a methadone maintenance program and a residential detoxification program."	3.72	Screening for sexually transmitted infections in substance abuse treatment programs. ( Braslins, PG; Christiansen, D; Finley, EP; Horton, NJ; Liebschutz, JM; Samet, JH, 2003)
"In order to examine the effects of a diagnosis of childhood conduct disorder (CD) on history of attempted suicide and drug use, unconfounded by early onset heroin use, 181 methadone maintenance patients who commenced heroin use after the age of 15 were interviewed."	3.72	The relationship of conduct disorder to attempted suicide and drug use history among methadone maintenance patients. ( Darke, S; Lynskey, M; Ross, J, 2003)
"To estimate the prevalence and to examine the characteristics of chronic severe pain in chemically dependent populations receiving methadone maintenance or inpatient residential treatment."	3.72	Prevalence and characteristics of chronic pain among chemically dependent patients in methadone maintenance and residential treatment facilities. ( Cleland, C; Fong, C; Joseph, H; Kipnis, S; Portenoy, RK; Rosenblum, A, 2003)
"The survey of viral infections in the liver investigated by means of serological markers of hepatitis A, B and C in drug addicts on methadone maintenance treatment is important for the next procedures."	3.72	[Prevalence of serological markers of viral hepatitis B and hepatitis C in drug-dependent individuals treated at the Drop Methadone Center in Prague]. ( Urbánek, P; Wilczek, H, 2003)
"To assess the outcomes of infants born to mothers receiving methadone for the management of pain in pregnancy."	3.72	Outcomes of infants born to mothers receiving methadone for pain management in pregnancy. ( Kuschel, C; Sharpe, C, 2004)
"The New York State Office of Alcoholism and Substance Abuse Services (OASAS) licenses the largest system of methadone maintenance clinics nationwide."	3.71	Selected in-treatment outcomes of long-term methadone maintenance treatment patients in New York State. ( Appel, PW; Habel, E; Joseph, H; Kott, A; Nottingham, W; Tasiny, E, 2001)
"To analyse prevalence of hidden hepatitis B infection (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and tuberculosis infection in drug users (DU) in a maintenance programme with methadone (MPM)."	3.71	[Prevalence of chronic hidden infections in a cohort of patients in substitutive treatment with methadone]. ( Belda, J; de Estudio Protocolo-INH, G; Esteban, J; Isabel Manso, M; Llinares, R; Portilla, J; Sánchez-Payá, J, 2001)
" Women who reduced their methadone dose during pregnancy delivered babies of significantly higher birth weight than those whose methadone dose remained the same or increased (median 3027 g, range 1780-3629 g vs 2645 g, range 580-3720 g)."	3.70	Outcome predictors in pregnant opiate and polydrug users. ( McCarthy, JE; Ruben, SM; Shaw, NJ; Siney, C, 1999)
"This paper provides a mainly qualitative investigation of the role of methadone and methadone treatment in non-fatal illicit drug overdose."	3.70	Methadone, methadone treatment and non-fatal overdose. ( Neale, J, 2000)
" The majority of women in the CDU clinic were treated for narcotic addiction with methadone (90%) but most continued to use heroin during pregnancy (68%)."	3.70	The drug epidemic: effects on newborn infants and health resource consumption at a tertiary perinatal centre. ( Davis, PG; Henschke, PN; Kelly, JJ, 2000)
" Trading sex for money and perceived chance of getting acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were associated positively with homelessness, while participating in methadone detoxification and methadone maintenance programs seemed to offer some protection from homelessness."	3.70	Homelessness and gender in out-of-treatment drug users. ( Cottler, L; Dennis, M; Hoffman, J; Inciardi, J; Leukefeld, C; Logan, TK; Royse, D; Wechsberg, W, 2000)
" The drug-dependent women had used combinations of methadone, heroin, cocaine and other drugs during pregnancy."	3.69	Development after prenatal exposure to cocaine, heroin and methadone. ( Akkerhuis, GW; Gunning, WB; Soepatmi, S; van Baar, AL, 1994)
"We examined the effect of methadone treatment, duration of Medicaid enrollment during pregnancy, and other maternal characteristics on receipt of prenatal care by 2,254 women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) delivering a singleton in New York state from 1985 through 1990."	3.69	Prenatal care of HIV-infected women: analysis of a large New York State cohort. ( Cocroft, J; Fanning, T; Hauck, W; Markson, L; Turner, BJ, 1995)
"A prospective longitudinal study on the development of children of drug-dependent mothers who used combinations of cocaine, heroin and methadone during pregnancy was carried out in Amsterdam."	3.69	Cognitive development at preschool-age of infants of drug-dependent mothers. ( de Graaff, BM; van Baar, A, 1994)
"This paper examines the correlates of problem gambling among a population of 220 methadone patients receiving treatment in the New York metropolitan area."	3.69	Pathological gambling among methadone patients. ( Feigelman, W; Kleinman, PH; Lesieur, HR; Lesser, ML; Millman, RB, 1995)
" All nine patients met DSM-III-R criteria for concurrent cocaine and heroin dependence, were neurologically normal, were negative for the human immunodeficiency virus, and had normal clinical brain MRI scans."	3.69	Abnormal cerebral metabolism in polydrug abusers during early withdrawal: a 31P MR spectroscopy study. ( Christensen, JD; Cohen, BM; Holman, BL; Kaufman, MJ; Levin, JM; Mendelson, JH; Renshaw, PF, 1996)
"We report nine cases where fluoxetine (FX) (20 mg/day) was added to maintenance treatment with methadone (MTD) (dose range: 30-100 mg) in addicts with affective disorders."	3.69	Fluoxetine addition to methadone in addicts: pharmacokinetic aspects. ( Baumann, P; Bertschy, G; Eap, CB; Powell, K, 1996)
" In the majority of cases (60%) death was deemed to be accidental and most were due to accidental drug overdoses, with methadone being the drug most commonly detected on toxicological analysis."	3.69	Deaths among drug abusers in south-east Scotland (1989-1994). ( Bentley, AJ; Busuttil, A, 1996)
" Because a history of depression has been shown in other populations to complicate cessation efforts, the relationship between depression and nicotine dependence was tested in 726 methadone patients."	3.69	Nicotine dependence and depression among methadone maintenance patients. ( Brown, LS; Lin, MM; Meyer, TJ, 1996)
"The objective of this study was to describe the incidence and prevalence of hepatitis C infection among clients of a methadone program in Queensland."	3.69	Incidence and prevalence of hepatitis C among clients of a Brisbane methadone clinic: factors influencing hepatitis C serostatus. ( Denton, M; Plant, AJ; Selvey, LA, 1997)
" Persistent weight retardation at 12 months was correlated with methadone dosage during pregnancy, but not the need for phenobarbitone therapy."	3.69	Infants born to narcotic dependent mothers: physical growth patterns in the first 12 months of life. ( Chant, DC; Gray, PH; Hayes, AJ; Tudehope, DI; Vance, JC, 1997)
"The rate of tuberculosis in patients receiving methadone treatment is significantly greater than the general population."	3.69	Tuberculosis treatment through directly observed therapy in a large multisite methadone maintenance treatment program: addressing the public health needs of a high-risk population. ( Altarac, D; Dansky, SF, 1995)
"This study examines the predictors of alcoholism among 201 patients from three methadone maintenance treatment programs (MMTPs) in New York City."	3.68	Correlates of alcohol use among methadone patients. ( el-Bassel, N; Schilling, RF; Su, KH; Turnbull, JE, 1993)
"This spectrum of relationships supports the concept that careful reduction of the maternal methadone dosage during pregnancy under intensive medical and psychosocial surveillance may benefit the drug-exposed new-born infant clinically."	3.68	Relationship between maternal methadone dosage, maternal-neonatal methadone levels, and neonatal withdrawal. ( Doberczak, TM; Friedmann, P; Kandall, SR, 1993)
"The incidence of panic attacks methadone-maintained patients has increased over a 10-year period from 1 to 6-13%."	3.68	Cocaine-associated panic attacks in methadone-maintained patients. ( Kosten, T; Rosen, MI, 1992)
" Both of the mothers were on methadone maintenance for narcotic dependency prior to the diagnosis of pregnancy."	3.68	Diazepam abuse in pregnant women on methadone maintenance. Implications for the neonate. ( Hinderliter, SA; Sutton, LR, 1990)
"This paper describes patterns of drug use such as choice of drug, other substances abused, and route of administration in 174 women who reported methamphetamine, cocaine, heroin, or "Ts and blues" abuse during pregnancy."	3.68	Patterns of multiple substance abuse during pregnancy: implications for mother and fetus. ( Gilstrap, LD; Johnston, WL; Little, BB; Snell, LM, 1990)
" Apnea density and episodes of periodic breathing exceeded the 95th percentile for normal infants in 12 (38%) of 32 of cocaine-exposed infants vs only 1 (6%) of 18 opiate-exposed infants."	3.67	Prenatal cocaine exposure is associated with respiratory pattern abnormalities. ( Chasnoff, IJ; Hunt, CE; Kaplan, D; Kletter, R, 1989)
"This report describes a case in which cocaine abuse during pregnancy was related temporally to abruptio placentae, preterm labour and to rapid delivery."	3.67	Perinatal cocaine intoxication. ( Collins, E; Hardwick, RJ; Jeffery, H, 1989)
"To determine the effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on pregnancy outcomes, we prospectively studied female intravenous drug users in a methadone program in New York City."	3.67	Prospective study of human immunodeficiency virus infection and pregnancy outcomes in intravenous drug users. ( Davenny, K; Feingold, AR; Friedland, GH; Klein, RS; Mayers, MM; Robertson, VJ; Rogers, MF; Schoenbaum, EE; Selwyn, PA; Shulman, JF, 1989)
"We studied the influence of human pregnancy on the maternal disposition and effects of methadone."	3.67	Altered methadone pharmacokinetics in methadone-maintained pregnant women. ( Benowitz, NL; Kreek, MJ; Pond, SM; Raghunath, J; Tong, TG, 1985)
" These two groups were compared with a group of women who had used narcotics in the past and were maintained on methadone during pregnancy, and with a group of drug-free women."	3.67	Cocaine use in pregnancy. ( Burns, KA; Burns, WJ; Chasnoff, IJ; Schnoll, SH, 1985)
"The data on alcoholism presented in this paper were extracted from a major follow-up study of active and discharged methadone patients conducted from 1974 through 1977 in New York City."	3.67	Alcoholism and methadone treatment: consequences for the patient and program. ( Appel, P; Joseph, H, 1985)
"A program of detoxification of heroin addicts by the use of oral methadone produced a series of patients who developed pulmonary granulomatous mass lesions as the result of the intravenous use of the oral form of the drug."	3.66	Conglomerate pulmonary disease: a form of talcosis in intravenous methadone abusers. ( Nidecker, AC; Sieniewicz, DJ, 1980)
" One, 3, 7, 10 and 14 days after the drug was administered rats were injected with naloxone hydrochloride (10 mg/kg) and during the following 4 hours body weights, core temperature and behavioral signs such as diarrhea, writhing, teeth chattering and wet dog shakes were recorded."	3.66	Dependence in rats after one injection of heroin-, LAAM- or hydromorphone-zinc tannate. ( Baskerville, JC; Brands, B; Gowdey, CW; Hirst, M, 1979)
"A review of research concerning the effects of methadone on infants born to mothers who received the drug during their pregnancy is presented."	3.66	The congenitally methadone-addicted infant. ( Fleming, JW; Rosser, P, 1979)
" Heroin abuse declined while methadone usage increased during those years."	3.65	The narcotic-dependent mother: fetal and neonatal consequences. ( Albin, S; Eidelman, A; Gartner, LM; Kandall, SR; Lee, KS; Lowinson, J, 1977)
" Among 42 active heroin users or former heroin addicts maintained on methadone, 79% were heavy alcohol abusers."	3.65	The spectrum and causes of liver diseases in narcotic addicts. ( Gelb, AM; Mildvan, D; Stenger, RJ, 1977)
"The course of pregnancy and delivery in 28 women under closely supervised methadone maintenance (group 1) was compared with that of 57 women using heroin or methadone under less controlled circumstances (group 2) and with that of 30 women free of mood-altering medications (group 3)."	3.65	Narcotic dependency in pregnancy. Methadone maintenance compared to use of street drugs. ( Adamsons, K; Stimmel, B, 1976)
"A patient with methadone-induced pulmonary edema had increased extravascular water in the lungs and a reduced total vascular albumin space."	3.65	Methadone-induced pulmonary edema. ( Klassen, G; Knight, L; Presant, S, 1975)
"Drug addiction during pregnancy has been managed in two ways: the detoxification program and the methadone-maintenance treatment program."	3.65	Drug addiction in pregnancy and the neonate. ( Ackerman, BD; Blinick, G; Jerez, E; Wallach, RC, 1976)
"Patients with substance use disorders (SUD) under methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) are susceptible to a number of complications (psychological and metabolic disorders)."	3.30	The therapeutic effect of N-acetylcysteine as an add-on to methadone maintenance therapy medication in outpatients with substance use disorders: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. ( Abbaszadeh-Mashkani, S; Banafshe, HR; Boroumand, H; Dehkohneh, SG; Ghaderi, A; Hazegh, P; Mamsharifi, P; Matini, AH; Ostadmohammady, F; Padoei, F, 2023)
"Patients in RL + TAU attended more substance use disorder treatment and self-help group sessions during treatment than those in TAU."	2.90	A randomized clinical trial of the Recovery Line among methadone treatment patients with ongoing illicit drug use. ( Barry, DT; Buono, FD; Fiellin, DA; Lloyd, DP; Moore, BA; Printz, DMB, 2019)
"In any given EMA, 2."	2.87	Using ecological momentary assessments to predict relapse after adult substance use treatment. ( Dennis, ML; Gustafson, DH; Scott, CK, 2018)
"While the best way to rid society of drug addiction is to prevent it from occurring in the first place, this is highly unlikely in the near future given the many ways that individuals can be first exposed to some potentially addicting substance."	2.87	Relapse prevention: Using sound to reduce the probability of recidivism and suffering following detoxification. ( Sewak, R; Spielholz, NI, 2018)
"RR of SIDS between drug-exposed and control infants."	2.82	SIDS is associated with prenatal drug use: a meta-analysis and systematic review of 4 238 685 infants. ( Makarious, L; Oei, JL; Teng, A, 2022)
" Serial blood samples were taken for pharmacokinetic analysis."	2.80	Effect of steady-state faldaprevir on the pharmacokinetics of steady-state methadone and buprenorphine-naloxone in subjects receiving stable addiction management therapy. ( Adeniji, A; Elgadi, M; Huang, F; Joseph, D; Riesenberg, RR; Schobelock, MJ; Vince, BD; Webster, LR, 2015)
"Smoking during pregnancy is the leading preventable cause of poor pregnancy outcomes in the United States."	2.78	Illicit drug use among pregnant women enrolled in treatment for cigarette smoking cessation. ( Bernstein, IM; Gaalema, DE; Heil, SH; Higgins, ST; Pepin, CS, 2013)
"A randomized trial of substance abuse treatment programs tested whether "enhanced profiles," consisting of feedback and coaching about performance indicators, improved the performance of residential, methadone, and detoxification programs."	2.76	Randomized trial of enhanced profiling in substance abuse treatment. ( Daley, M; Dunigan, R; Horgan, C; Perloff, J; Reif, S; Shepard, DS; Siembab, L; Tompkins, C, 2011)
"DOT should be considered for substance users attending methadone maintenance clinics who are at high risk of nonadherence."	2.76	Directly observed antiretroviral therapy in substance abusers receiving methadone maintenance therapy does not cause increased drug resistance. ( Arnsten, JH; Berg, KM; Brust, JC; Heo, M; Li, X; Litwin, AH, 2011)
"Twelve-week HIV and substance abuse treatment outcomes are reported as a sub-study for those selecting BPN/NLX."	2.75	Improved HIV and substance abuse treatment outcomes for released HIV-infected prisoners: the impact of buprenorphine treatment. ( Altice, FL; Chen, S; Springer, SA, 2010)
"Opioid-substitution treatment (OST) for opioid dependence (OD) has proven effective in retaining patients in treatment and reducing illegal opiate abuse and crime."	2.74	Memory function in opioid-dependent patients treated with methadone or buprenorphine along with benzodiazepine: longitudinal change in comparison to healthy individuals. ( Alho, H; Fabritius, C; Kalska, H; Rapeli, P, 2009)
"This study examines the development of substance use disorders among the 177 children (56."	2.73	Long-term effects of the Focus on Families project on substance use disorders among children of parents in methadone treatment. ( Catalano, RF; Fleming, CB; Gainey, RR; Haggerty, KP; Skinner, M, 2008)
"But, number and severity of withdrawal symptoms in methadone+TENS group were significantly lower than methadone group during tenth and fourteenth days."	2.73	A randomized effectiveness trial of methadone, TENS and methadone plus TENS in management of opiate withdrawal symptoms. ( Bakhshani, NM; Lashkaripour, K; Sadjadi, SA, 2008)
"Methadone maintenance treatment clinic."	2.73	Melatonin for perceived sleep disturbances associated with benzodiazepine withdrawal among patients in methadone maintenance treatment: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. ( Adelson, M; Bar-Hamburger, R; Hetzroni, T; Peles, E; Schreiber, S, 2007)
"The Therapeutic Workplace is a substance abuse treatment wherein patients are hired and paid to work in a job contingent on daily drug-free urine samples."	2.71	Effects of reinforcer magnitude on data-entry productivity in chronically unemployed drug abusers participating in a Therapeutic Workplace. ( Bedient, G; Dallery, J; Robles, E; Sheppard, JM; Silverman, K; Svikis, D; Wong, CJ, 2003)
" Axis I and II psychiatric diagnosis was assessed and methadone dosage and history of abuse was recorded."	2.71	Treatment of benzodiazepine dependence in methadone maintenance treatment patients: a comparison of two therapeutic modalities and the role of psychiatric comorbidity. ( Adelson, M; Bleich, A; Gelkopf, M; Melamed, Y; Weizman, T, 2003)
" Both dose-response and temporal associations of noncontingent voucher receipt with drug-positive urines were assessed."	2.71	Do noncontingent vouchers increase drug use? ( Epstein, DH; Gupman, AE; Preston, KL; Schroeder, JR; Umbricht, A, 2003)
"Methadone-maintenance treatment clinics are strategically appealing sites for provision of directly administered antiretroviral therapy (DAART) to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected injection drug users (IDUs)."	2.71	Directly administered antiretroviral therapy in an urban methadone maintenance clinic: a nonrandomized comparative study. ( Hader, S; Lucas, GM; Moore, RD; Weidle, PJ, 2004)
"Phase I, open-label, fixed-sequence, pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction study."	2.71	Effect of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of total, R-, and S-methadone. ( Berenson, CS; Booker, BM; Bullock, JM; Cloen, D; Coakley, DF; Flaherty, JF; Haas, CE; Kearney, BP; Liaw, S; Smith, PF; Yale, K, 2004)
"Buprenorphine appears to be an effective and safe drug in opioid-addicted patient detoxification."	2.70	Detoxification of opiate addicts with multiple drug abuse: a comparison of buprenorphine vs. methadone. ( Borsutzky, M; Emrich, HM; Metzner, C; Paetzold, W; Passie, T; Rollnik, J; Schneider, U; Seifert, J; Wiese, B, 2002)
"This study evaluated a novel drug abuse treatment, the Therapeutic Workplace."	2.70	A reinforcement-based therapeutic workplace for the treatment of drug abuse: six-month abstinence outcomes. ( Bigelow, GE; Robles, E; Silverman, K; Stitzer, ML; Svikis, D, 2001)
"Perinatal prognosis of pregnant drug abusers is better with intensive prenatal care and substitution maintenance programs."	2.70	[Withdrawal syndromes of newborns of pregnant drug abusers maintained under methadone or high-dose buprenorphine: 246 cases]. ( Aubisson, S; Cneude, F; Gourarier, L; Lejeune, C; Piquet, M; Simmat-Durand, L, 2001)
"Significant differences in levels of withdrawal symptoms were found on days 11, 13-15 and 17-20, symptoms resolving most rapidly in the 5-day lofexidine treatment group, whilst withdrawal responses in the 10-day lofexidine treatment group were intermediate between the 5-day lofexidine and standard methadone treatment conditions."	2.69	Accelerated lofexidine treatment regimen compared with conventional lofexidine and methadone treatment for in-patient opiate detoxification. ( Bearn, J; Gossop, M; Strang, J, 1998)
" The mean l-methadone dose:l-methadone plasma concentration ratio, an index of the bioavailability of l-methadone in individual subjects, showed no significant change when the treatment was changed to d,l-methadone."	2.69	L-Methadone and D,L-methadone in methadone maintenance treatment: a comparison of therapeutic effectiveness and plasma concentrations. ( de Vos, JW; Kaplan, CD; Krause, JK; Staib, AH; Tursch, M; Ufkes, JG; van Wilgenburg, H; Woodcock, BG, 1998)
" In general, the GPs offer a more flexible approach regarding frequency of consultations, urine tests and dosing regimen while the AC approach is more structured."	2.69	Differences between general practitioner- and addiction centre-prescribed buprenorphine substitution therapy in France. Preliminary results. ( Brunelle, E; Vignau, J, 1998)
"This hypothesis predicts that drug abusers should excel on tests of knowledge that is related to their lifestyle."	2.69	Forms of knowledge, cognitive impairment and drug abuse: a demonstration. ( Beatty, WW; Borrell, GK, 2000)
"Illicit substance use, measured through urine toxicology, was found to increase in a stepwise fashion from nonsmokers, to chippers, to heavy smokers."	2.69	Associations between tobacco smoking and illicit drug use among methadone-maintained opiate-dependent individuals. ( Frosch, DL; Jarvik, ME; Nahom, D; Shoptaw, S, 2000)
"A retrospective, inception cohort, nonrandomized control design was employed to evaluate the effects of daily vs twice daily dosing of methadone on opiate/cocaine use, and noncompliance with urine toxicology requests in methadone-maintained pregnant women, n = 45."	2.68	Methadone dosing and pregnancy: impact on program compliance. ( DePetrillo, PB; Rice, JM, 1995)
"Amantadine was well tolerated."	2.68	Amantadine does not reduce cocaine use or craving in cocaine-dependent methadone maintenance patients. ( Handelsman, L; Limpitlaw, L; Paris, P; Schmeidler, J; Stimmel, B; Williams, D, 1995)
"Buprenorphine is a partial agonist at the mu-opioid receptor that has been proposed as an alternative to traditional full agonist maintenance therapy for the treatment of opioid addiction."	2.68	A controlled trial comparing buprenorphine and methadone maintenance in opioid dependence. ( Charuvastra, C; Klett, CJ; Ling, W; Wesson, DR, 1996)
"Naloxone produced marked opiate withdrawal symptoms."	2.68	Buprenorphine and naloxone interactions in methadone maintenance patients. ( Batki, SL; Brown, J; Jones, RT; Mendelson, J; Welm, S, 1997)
" The formulation prepared from tablets provides flexible dosing in patients undergoing rapid withdrawal from methadone."	2.68	Formulation and stability of naltrexone oral liquid for rapid withdrawal from methadone. ( Fawcett, JP; Morgan, NC; Woods, DJ, 1997)
"Buprenorphine and methadone were equally effective on measures of treatment retention, urine results for opioids, and compliance with attendance and counseling."	2.67	Buprenorphine versus methadone in the treatment of opioid-dependent cocaine users. ( Bigelow, GE; Liebson, IA; Stitzer, ML; Strain, EC, 1994)
" Dosing was double-blind and double-dummy."	2.67	Comparison of buprenorphine and methadone in the treatment of opioid dependence. ( Bigelow, GE; Liebson, IA; Stitzer, ML; Strain, EC, 1994)
"Thus, antisocial personality disorder was a poor prognostic factor for treatment retention and continued cocaine abuse, and medication did not improve treatment outcome for the ASP patients, but did for the non-ASP patients."	2.67	Antisocial personality disorder as a prognostic factor for pharmacotherapy of cocaine dependence. ( Kosten, T; Leal, J; Ziedonis, D, 1994)
"Most methadone treatment programs have insufficient resources to provide medical care."	2.67	Providing medical care to methadone clinic patients: referral vs on-site care. ( Bigelow, GE; Ginn, DH; Pabst, KM; Umbricht-Schneiter, A, 1994)
"Fluoxetine was well tolerated in combination with methadone and did not appear to alter methadone concentrations in plasma."	2.67	Fluoxetine for cocaine dependence in methadone maintenance: quantitative plasma and urine cocaine/benzoylecgonine concentrations. ( Batki, SL; Jacob, P; Jones, RT; Manfredi, LB, 1993)
"A methadone treatment research clinic."	2.67	Dose-response effects of methadone in the treatment of opioid dependence. ( Bigelow, GE; Liebson, IA; Stitzer, ML; Strain, EC, 1993)
"Buprenorphine is an opioid agonist-antagonist being evaluated for treatment of opioid dependence."	2.67	Acute effects of buprenorphine, hydromorphone and naloxone in methadone-maintained volunteers. ( Bigelow, GE; Liebson, IA; Preston, KL; Strain, EC, 1992)
"Methadone pretreatment resulted in a dose-related increase in the number of cigarettes smoked per session (from a mean of 2."	2.65	Effects of methadone on human cigarette smoking and subjective ratings. ( Chait, LD; Griffiths, RR, 1984)
"Methadone treatment was planned for no longer than 10 days while psychiatric supportive services were made available to continue as needed."	2.64	Outpatient vs hospital methadone detoxification: an experimental comparison. ( Elms, RR; Thomson, CP; Wilson, BK, 1975)
"Buprenorphine was evaluated for its abuse potential and utility in treating narcotic addiction."	2.64	Human pharmacology and abuse potential of the analgesic buprenorphine: a potential agent for treating narcotic addiction. ( Griffith, JD; Jasinski, DR; Pevnick, JS, 1978)
"Methadone chlorhydrate has been administred to opiate addicts either for a short period with a decreasing dosage as a withdrawal cure, or for longterm treatments as a basis of a maintenance program."	2.64	[A French experience with methadone]. ( Cuche, H; Deniker, P; Loo, H; Zarifian, E, 1975)
"Buprenorphine is a newer treatment for maternal opioid addiction and appears to result in a milder withdrawal syndrome than methadone."	2.50	Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome. ( Hsi, A; Leeman, L; Sutter, MB, 2014)
"Substance use disorders are common in primary care settings, but detection, assessment, and management are seldom undertaken."	2.50	Addiction disorders. ( Duncan, MH; Merrill, JO, 2014)
"Medications for the treatment of substance use disorders are effective yet underutilized."	2.50	Medications for addiction treatment: an opportunity for prescribing clinicians to facilitate remission from alcohol and opioid use disorders. ( Friedmann, PD; Park, TW, 2014)
"Substance addiction is damaging to the health of persons, families, and society."	2.49	Spirituality, religiosity, depression, anxiety, and drug-use consequences during methadone maintenance therapy. ( Piacentine, LB, 2013)
" With respect to the particular consumed drug substances other than opioids during pregnancy variable forms of teratogenic and toxic effects can be assigned to the baby."	2.47	[Pregnant opioid addicted patients and additional drug intake. Part I. Toxic effects and therapeutic consequences]. ( Havemann-Reinecke, U; Hoell, I, 2011)
"To estimate, via meta-analysis, the influence of different methadone dose ranges and dosing strategies on retention rates in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT)."	2.45	A meta-analysis of retention in methadone maintenance by dose and dosing strategy. ( Bao, YP; Du, C; Epstein, DH; Liu, ZM; Lu, L; Shi, J, 2009)
"While drug abuse abated following the establishment of People's Republic of China, modernization and Westernization in the 1980s led to the reemergence of this problem."	2.44	Drug addiction in China. ( Lu, L; Wang, X, 2008)
"The methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) program has run for more than 20 years and the public has become more tolerant of addicts."	2.44	Comparison of drug abuse in Germany and China. ( Fang, YX; Lu, L; Michels, II; Zhao, D; Zhao, LY, 2007)
"Today, drug abuse is highly linked to the spread of HIV/AIDS and to drug-related crimes in China."	2.44	Drug abuse in China: past, present and future. ( Fang, Y; Lu, L; Wang, X, 2008)
"The National Institute on Drug Abuse has funded a medications program that has concentrated on the development of medications for opiate and cocaine dependence."	2.43	Medications development: successes and challenges. ( Ling, W; Vocci, F, 2005)
"The present essay on drug addiction deals, under the escort of empirical knowledges emanating from medico-legal toxicology, mainly with the behavioural, neurobiological, forensic and pharmacotherapeutical aspects of drug seeking and taking behaviour."	2.40	[Drug addiction--origin, development and pharmacological intervention]. ( Pasi, A; Qu, B, 1997)
"The treatment of drug addiction by methadone is questioned: there is a shift from "all of abstinence" to "all for risk limitation"."	2.40	[The outcome of the patient treated with methadone]. ( Remy, C, 1997)
"The scale of drug dependence has grown dramatically in the past quarter-century."	2.40	WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence. Thirtieth report. ( , 1998)
"With methadone treatment, there is a decline in the amount of heroin used and in the number of injections."	2.40	[Substitution therapy of drug addicts]. ( Kopferschmitt, J; Weber, JC, 1998)
"Buprenorphine has shown some promise in the management of heroin dependence but is still undergoing evaluation."	2.39	Managing illicit drug use. A practical guide. ( Wodak, A, 1994)
"In the treatment of drug addiction, we apply pharmacological and psychological therapy but also psychosocial techniques to address the problems of an addict."	2.39	[Are there new methods in therapy of drug dependence?]. ( Täschner, KL, 1996)
"Methadone has improved our understanding of these pathologies."	2.39	Treatment of depressive syndromes in detoxified drug addicts: use of methadone. ( Baylé, FJ; Jalfre, V; Laqueille, X; Lôo, H; Spadone, C, 1996)
"Although substance use has been a worldwide problem at all levels of society since ancient times, recent attention has been focused on the use of legal and illegal substances by the pregnant woman."	2.38	The consequences of prenatal substance use for the developing fetus, newborn, and young child. ( Behnke, M; Eyler, FD, 1993)
"Many patients with alcohol or drug abuse also have anxiety disorders for whom effective pharmacotherapy may be needed."	2.38	Alprazolam and benzodiazepine dependence. ( Ciraulo, DA; DuPont, RL; Griffiths, RR; Kosten, TR; Romach, MK; Sellers, EM; Woody, GE, 1993)
"The technical term 'drug dependence' was officially adopted by WHO's Expert Committee on Addiction in 1964."	2.38	[Overview of the progress in drug dependence studies--mainly focussing on psychic dependence]. ( Yanagita, T, 1992)
"The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has recently emerged as a serious medical complication of parenteral substance abuse."	2.37	Major medical problems and detoxification treatment of parenteral drug-abusing alcoholics. ( Novick, DM, 1984)
"A review of the literature on multiple drug abuse involving two or more drug categories, where at least one is a nonopiate, nonalcoholic substance (MDA-NONA), revealed that Whites and, to a lesser extent, females are overly represented, disproportionate to their composition in other patterns of drug use."	2.36	Multiple drug abuse involving nonopiate, nonalcoholic substances. I. Prevalence. ( Kornblith, AB, 1981)
"A review of the literature of multiple drug abuse involving two or more drug categories where at least one is a nonopiate, nonalcoholic substance (MDA NONA) suggested the possibility that sedative-hypnotics were the culpable agent for neuropsychological deficits in this group."	2.36	Multiple drug abuse involving nonopiate, nonalcoholic substances. II. Physical damage, long-term psychological effects and treatment approaches and success. ( Kornblith, AB, 1981)
"Medicaid is the largest payer of substance use disorder treatment in the US and plays a key role in responding to the opioid epidemic."	1.91	Changes in Medicaid Fee-for-Service Benefit Design for Substance Use Disorder Treatment During the Opioid Crisis, 2014 to 2021. ( Abraham, AJ; Andrews, CM; Grogan, CM; Shoulders, A; Westlake, MA, 2023)
"Participants were recruited from drug addiction clinics and camps in Kashan city, Iran, who were using drugs continuously for more than 1 year."	1.91	Blood-lead level in humans and drug addiction: a comprehensive study in Iran. ( Aghaei, Z; Alemi, F; Das, D; Dehkohneh, SG; Ghaderi, A; Gruszecka-Kosowska, A; Hazegh, P; Khoshakhlagh, AH; Mahdavi, M; Molavi, N; Ostadmohammady, F; Vahed, N, 2023)
"The proportion of opioid overdose deaths increased by 36% post-COVID emergence (95% CI: 14%, 59%)."	1.72	Impact of COVID-19 on the characteristics of opioid overdose deaths in Arkansas. ( Fairman, BJ; Rezaeiahari, M, 2022)
"Self-reported substance use is more likely to be influenced by underreporting bias compared to the biological markers."	1.62	Validity of self-reported substance use: research setting versus primary health care setting. ( Baradaran, HR; Hojati, Z; Janani, L; Khalagi, K; Khalili, P; Motevalian, SA; Nadimi, AE; Rahimi-Movaghar, A; Rahmani, A; Rajabi, Z, 2021)
"To understand the role of comorbid substance use disorders (SUDs), or polysubstance use, in the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD), this study compared patients with OUD only to those with additional SUDs and examined association with OUD treatment receipt."	1.62	Polysubstance use and association with opioid use disorder treatment in the US Veterans Health Administration. ( Blow, FC; Bohnert, ASB; Gordon, AJ; Ignacio, RV; Ilgen, MA; Kim, HM; Lin, LA, 2021)
"To determine the prevalence of substance abuse among our pregnant women and the characteristics of their pregnancies, deliveries and new-born infants."	1.62	Drug abuse during pregnancy and its neonatal impact. Analysis of the periods 2002-2008 and 2009-2017. ( Guarddon Pueyo, C; López-Vílchez, MÁ; Maya-Enero, S; Mur-Sierra, A, 2021)
"Proportional hazards frailty models were used to assess factors associated with time to dropout from recurrent MMT episodes at 3 (90 days) and 12 months (91-365 days)."	1.62	Factors associated with early and later dropout from methadone maintenance treatment in specialist addiction clinics: a six-year cohort study using proportional hazards frailty models for recurrent treatment episodes. ( Barry, J; Bennett, K; Boland, F; Cousins, G; Durand, L; Fahey, T; Keenan, E; O'Driscoll, D, 2021)
"We aimed to identify patterns of substance use among MOUD patients and examine whether COVID-19-related impacts on access to healthcare varied across subgroups."	1.62	Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare access among patients receiving medication for opioid use disorder. ( Ball, EL; Becker, SJ; Garner, BR; Hartzler, B; Jacka, BP; Janssen, T; Yap, KR; Yermash, J, 2021)
"Methadone is a synthetic opioid, a pure agonist of the μ receptor."	1.62	Forensic pathological study of methadone-related deaths in the Genoa (Italy) district: A six-year study. ( Barranco, R; Bedocchi, D; Bonsignore, A; Drommi, M; Errico, S; Ventura, F, 2021)
"Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) has been proven to be effective in improving health status and the quality of life of illicit drug users."	1.56	Treatment adherence amongst drug users attending public and private methadone maintenance clinics in a northern province of Vietnam. ( Ha, GH; Ho, CSH; Ho, RCM; Latkin, CA; Le, MQT; Le, TA; Nguyen, CT; Nguyen, LH; Pham, DTT; Pham, HQ; Pham, KTH; Tran, BX; Tran, LMH; Tran, NHT; Tran, TH; Vu, GT, 2020)
"Methadone (52%) was the most common cause of death, followed by heroin/morphine (25%)."	1.56	Fatal poisoning among drug users in Denmark in 2017. ( Andersen, CU; Christoffersen, DJ; Linnet, K; Simonsen, KW, 2020)
"Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) has been scaled up significantly in recent years."	1.51	Polysubstance Use among Patients Enrolling in Methadone Maintenance Treatment Program in a Vietnam Province with Drug-Driven HIV Epidemic. ( Ho, CSH; Ho, RCM; Hoang, CL; Latkin, CA; Le, TA; Nguyen, CT; Pham, DTT; Quek, TTC; Tran, BX; Tran, NHT; Tran, TH; Tran, TT; Vu, GT; Vuong, QH, 2019)
"Evaluation of costs and benefits of substance use treatment programs through a standard economic framework is necessary for optimal policy making."	1.51	Public policy, attitudes and willingness to pay for treatment of substance dependence in Iran. ( Ahmadian Moghaddam, S; Mazyaki, A; Razaghi, EM, 2019)
"Utility of the session, knowledge of PTSD, and barriers of care were evaluated through a pre- and post- session questionnaire."	1.51	Integrated Brief Intervention for PTSD and Substance Use in an Antepartum Unit. ( Glance, J; Gopalan, P; Shenai, N, 2019)
"Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) programs have been used worldwide to reduce the number of drug users and for HIV prevention; however, evidence of their effectiveness in mountainous areas is limited."	1.51	Changes in Substance Abuse and HIV Risk Behaviors over 12-Month Methadone Maintenance Treatment among Vietnamese Patients in Mountainous Provinces. ( Dam, NV; Do, HN; Doan, LP; Fleming, M; Ho, CS; Ho, MT; Ho, RC; Latkin, C; Nguyen, TMT; Tran, BX; Vu, GT; Vuong, QH; Vuong, TT, 2019)
"Personality is associated with substance use patterns and may be an appropriate target for intervention for those undergoing MMT to reduce opioid use, and potentially dangerous concurrent use of other drugs, while receiving methadone."	1.51	Specificity of personality relationships to particular forms of concurrent substance use among methadone maintenance therapy clients. ( Barrett, SP; Chinneck, A; Conrod, PJ; Laroque, F; Lawrence, M; Mahu, IT; Morin, JF; Nogueira-Arjona, R; Sako, A; Stewart, SH; Swansburg, J, 2019)
"Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) greatly contributed to the successful outcomes of prevention and control on both AIDS and drug abuse in China."	1.48	[Current situation on new psychoactive substances abuse among methadone maintenance treatment patients in China]. ( Cao, XB; Cheng, Z; Dai, MM, 2018)
"Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) program has been considered a medium through which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risks assessment and prevention on drug use/HIV-infected population can be effectively conducted."	1.48	Methadone Maintenance Treatment Reduces the Vulnerability of Drug Users on HIV/AIDS in Vietnamese Remote Settings: Assessing the Changes in HIV Knowledge, Perceived Risk, and Testing Uptake after a 12-Month Follow-Up. ( Dam, VN; Do, HN; Do, HP; Doan, PL; Fleming, M; Ho, CS; Ho, MT; Ho, RC; Hoang, VH; Latkin, CA; Le, HT; Le, XTT; Nguyen, ALT; Nguyen, HH; Nguyen, HLT; Nguyen, LT; Nguyen, TH; Nguyen, TMT; Nguyen, V; Pham, MD; Tran, BX; Vuong, QH; Vuong, TT, 2018)
"This study aimed to evaluate the polydrug abuse among opioid-dependent patients receiving OMT with inadequate (Group IA) and adequate (Group A) doses of OMT medicine as experienced by the patients."	1.46	Polydrug abuse among opioid maintenance treatment patients is related to inadequate dose of maintenance treatment medicine. ( Heikman, PK; Muhonen, LH; Ojanperä, IA, 2017)
"Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) improves patients' ability to access HIV-related services and reduces needle sharing and other risky HIV-related behaviors."	1.46	Sexual behaviors among methadone maintenance patients in a mountainous area in northern Vietnam. ( Boggiano, VL; Hoang, CD; Latkin, CA; Le, HQ; Le, HT; Nguyen, CT; Nguyen, HLT; Nguyen, LH; Tran, BX; Tran, TD; Van Nguyen, H; Vu, TMT; Zary, N, 2017)
"The methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) has been initiated in Wuhan, China since early 2006."	1.46	Social-demographic shift in drug users at the first-ever- methadone maintenance treatment in Wuhan, China. ( Dong, QL; Liu, C; Liu, PL; Luo, L; Wang, X; Xu, J; Zhou, W, 2017)
"A methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) program to curb the dual epidemics of HIV/AIDS and drug use has been administered by China since 2004."	1.46	Spatial distribution of HIV, HCV, and co-infections among drug users in the southwestern border areas of China (2004-2014): a cohort study of a national methadone maintenance treatment program. ( He, C; Huang, W; Lan, G; Li, C; Li, M; Li, R; Liang, N; Peng, Z; Shen, Z; Tang, X; Zhong, F, 2017)
"Three were prescribed methadone for opiate dependence (80, 90 and 125 mg daily), one also with hypokalemia; one prescribed escitalopram with hypokalaemia/hypomagnesaemia; three more with hypokalaemia alone."	1.46	The prevalence of QT prolongation in a population of patients with substance use disorders. ( Brown, A; Dunlop, AJ; Isbister, GK; Sadler, C; Scott, AJ, 2017)
"Although individuals in substance use disorders (SUD) treatment continue to smoke at high rates, regulatory, policy and programming changes promoting tobacco cessation are being implemented and some patients quit successfully."	1.46	Quitting smoking during substance use disorders treatment: Patient and treatment-related variables. ( Campbell, BK; Guydish, J; Le, T; Tajima, B, 2017)
"It has also been used to measure prison substance use in two previous studies."	1.43	Challenges and opportunities in using wastewater analysis to measure drug use in a small prison facility. ( Bruno, R; Hall, W; Kirkbride, KP; Lai, FY; Mueller, JF; Ort, C; Prichard, J; Thai, PK; van Dyken, E, 2016)
"Available treatments for addiction and substance abuse in Ukraine have been shaped by the economic, political, and social shifts that have followed the country's independence."	1.43	For lack of wanting: Discourses of desire in Ukrainian opiate substitution therapy programs. ( Carroll, JJ, 2016)
"No significant change in substance use or methadone adherence was demonstrated in the 19 recruited participants."	1.43	Effect of integrating HIV and addiction care for non-engaging HIV-infected opiate-dependent patients. ( Bergin, C; Keating, S; Keenan, E; Kinahan, JC; Lyons, F; Mulcahy, F; Surah, S, 2016)
"Methadone and EDDP were identified in exhaled breath from all 18 patients, with concentrations in the range 11-1470 and 29-818 pg per filter, respectively."	1.43	Testing for Drugs in Exhaled Breath Collected With ExaBreath in a Drug Dependence Population: Comparison With Data Obtained in Urine After Liquid Chromatographic-Tandem Mass Spectrometric Analyses. ( Gaulier, JM; Kintz, P; Mathiaux, F; Villéger, P, 2016)
"Traumatic events and PTSD symptoms were tested for association with drug use, treatment interruption, and counseling adherence in the same month, one month later, and two months later."	1.43	Effect of traumatic event reexposure and PTSD on substance use disorder treatment response. ( Brooner, RK; Kidorf, MS; King, VL; Peirce, JM, 2016)
"Methadone was dispensed to 16,406 individuals and buprenorphine to 1777 individuals (increased from 12,400 and 192 respectively in 2006)."	1.43	Community pharmacy services for people with drug problems over two decades in Scotland: Implications for future development. ( Bond, C; Matheson, C; Robertson, H; Thiruvothiyur, M, 2016)
"At present, polydrug abuse comprises, besides traditional illicit drugs, new psychoactive substances (NPS) and non-prescribed psychotropic medicines (N-PPM)."	1.43	New psychoactive substances as part of polydrug abuse within opioid maintenance treatment revealed by comprehensive high-resolution mass spectrometric urine drug screening. ( Heikman, P; Ojanperä, I; Pelander, A; Sundström, M, 2016)
"To test if polysubstance use profiles and drug-related outcomes differ between those receiving and not receiving opioid substitution therapies (OST) among people who inject drugs (PWID)."	1.43	Differences in polysubstance use patterns and drug-related outcomes between people who inject drugs receiving and not receiving opioid substitution therapies. ( Alati, R; Betts, KS; Burns, L; Chan, G; Dietze, P; McIlwraith, F; Whittaker, E, 2016)
"Other salient factors include polysubstance use, depression, social support, recent incarceration, relationship characteristics, and HIV status."	1.43	Types and Characteristics of Childhood Sexual Abuse: How Do They Matter in HIV Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Women in Methadone Treatment in New York City? ( Engstrom, M; Gilbert, L; Winham, K, 2016)
"Patients with both drug abuse and a psychiatric disease - dual diagnosis - suffer decreased compliance to treatment and decreased life expectancy compared with single-diagnosis patients."	1.43	Psychiatric disorders are overlooked in patients with drug abuse. ( Banner, J; Kruckow, L; Linnet, K, 2016)
"QoL, substance use, mental and physical comorbidities, and exercise behaviors were measured."	1.43	Many correlates of poor quality of life among substance users entering treatment are not addiction-specific. ( Clausen, T; Muller, AE; Skurtveit, S, 2016)
"Facilities offering inpatient substance abuse care were more than six times as likely to offer HIV testing but not more likely to offer any other type of HIV service."	1.43	Characteristics of U.S. Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities Offering HIV Services: Results From a National Survey. ( Cohn, A; Ehlke, S; Elmasry, H; Niaura, R; Stanton, C, 2016)
"Alcohol drinking was also associated with higher craving ratings and prestudy alcohol use."	1.43	Real-time assessment of alcohol drinking and drug use in opioid-dependent polydrug users. ( Epstein, DH; Jobes, ML; Phillips, KA; Preston, KL, 2016)
"Although the DRD2 TaqI B genotype was not associated with methadone use requirements, borderline index was revealed as a potential predictive marker for the adjustment of methadone dosage requirements in heroin addicts."	1.43	Relationship among methadone dose, polymorphisms of dopamine D2 receptor and tri-dimensional personality questionnaire in heroin-addicted patients. ( Chiang, TA; Huang, CS; Huang, MW; Lo, PY, 2016)
"Two main measurements were type of substance use and patient status at follow-up."	1.43	General practice patients treated for substance use problems: a cross-national observational study in Belgium. ( Antoine, J; Boffin, N; De Ridder, K; Moreels, S; Peremans, L; Van Casteren, V; Vanmeerbeek, M; Wanyama, S, 2016)
"Hair specimen is necessary to complement blood and/or urine analyses as it permits differentiation of a single exposure from chronic use of a drug by segmentation of the hair for a stated growth period."	1.42	Contribution of in utero drug exposure when interpreting hair results in young children. ( Kintz, P, 2015)
"Compared to patients without serious mental illness, patients with serious mental illness in methadone maintenance treatment were more likely to have been homeless, to have had a recent psychiatric hospitalization, to be over 50% disabled, and to have had more fills for more classes of psychotropic drugs."	1.42	Psychiatric services and prescription fills among veterans with serious mental illness in methadone maintenance treatment. ( Marienfeld, C; Rosenheck, RA, 2015)
"Heroin consumption was estimated to approximately 13 gd ay(-1) (118 g day(-1) at street level)."	1.42	Data triangulation in the context of opioids monitoring via wastewater analyses. ( Been, F; Benaglia, L; Delémont, O; Esseiva, P; Gervasoni, JP; Lucia, S, 2015)
" The interaction of ART and dosage of methadone were connected to the episodes of relapsing and the ART optimism would result in inconsistent condom use."	1.42	[Impact of antiretroviral therapy on drug-using and high risk sexual behaviors among HIV-positive methadone maintenance treatment clients: a qualitative study]. ( Cao, X; Duan, S; Jin, Y; Luo, W; Qian, X; Rou, K; Tang, R; Wang, C; Willa, D; Wu, Z; Zhang, B; Zhao, Y, 2015)
"The fragile X-associated tremor ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is caused by the premutation in FMR1 gene."	1.42	Methadone use in a male with the FMRI premutation and FXTAS. ( Adams, PE; Faradz, SM; Hagerman, RJ; Lozano, R; Muzar, Z; Schneider, A; Tassone, F, 2015)
"Methadone (59%) was the main intoxicant."	1.42	Fatal poisoning among patients with drug addiction. ( Andersen, LV; Banner, J; Christoffersen, DJ; Linnet, K; Simonsen, KW, 2015)
"In this study, 28."	1.42	Psychiatric comorbidities among Iranian elderly patients on methadone maintenance treatment. ( Malakouti, SK; Mohammad, K; Mortazavi, SS; Shati, M, 2015)
"Methadone is a long-acting opioid that carries a higher risk profile than other opioids."	1.42	Methadone related deaths compared to all prescription related deaths. ( Castillo, EM; Egnatios, J; Lee, A; Lee, O; Lev, R; Lucas, J; Petro, S; Vilke, GM, 2015)
"Polysubstance use is prevalent in individuals using buprenorphine or methadone nonmedically, with benzodiazepines being a common co-ingestant."	1.40	Comparison of toxicity associated with nonmedical use of benzodiazepines with buprenorphine or methadone. ( Doyon, S; Klein-Schwartz, W; Lee, SC; Welsh, C, 2014)
"The objective was to study substance abuse, infectious disease, and patient outcomes (retention and substance abuse abstinence) over 2 decades in a large methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) facility within a tertiary-referral medical center."	1.40	Trends in substance abuse and infectious disease over 20 years in a large methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) clinic in Israel. ( Adelson, M; Peles, E; Schreiber, S, 2014)
"Thirty HIV-negative substance users were individually matched to 30 HIV-positive substance users on relevant medical and demographic factors, including reading level and methadone therapy status."	1.39	Isolating cognitive and neurologic HIV effects in substance-dependent, confounded cohorts: a pilot study. ( Byrd, DA; Elliott, K; Lighty, Q; Mindt, MR; Mintz, L; Morgello, S; Robinson-Papp, J, 2013)
"The methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) program has been implemented in Shanghai since 2005."	1.39	Trends and predictors in methadone maintenance treatment dropout in Shanghai, China: 2005-2011. ( Asche, CV; Fu, J; Kirkness, CS; Ning, Z; Pan, Q; Ren, J; Ye, X; Zhuang, M, 2013)
"In methadone maintenance treatment programs (MMTPs), 80-90% of participants smoke cigarettes."	1.39	Perceived stress and substance use in methadone-maintained smokers. ( Anderson, BJ; Moitra, E; Stein, MD, 2013)
"The correlation was -0."	1.39	The dual pathway of professional attitude among health care workers serving HIV/AIDS patients and drug users. ( Chen, CL; Deng, FL; Huang, TM; Huang, YH; Lin, SR; See, LC; Shen, YM, 2013)
"The data include 2920 clients from 57 substance abuse treatment programs."	1.39	Client and program characteristics associated with wait time to substance abuse treatment entry. ( Andrews, CM; Cao, D; Marsh, JC; Shin, HC, 2013)
"Multivariate analysis showed that the substance use involvement of network members was higher in those patients still using heroin, even when other treatment factors were controlled for."	1.39	Social network support for individuals receiving opiate substitution treatment and its association with treatment progress. ( Chohan, G; Copello, A; Day, E; George, S; Grewal, P; Haque, S; Karia, M; Roche, J, 2013)
"Opioid dependence is growing at an alarming rate in the United States, and opioid dependent patients have substantial medical, as well as psychiatric, conditions that impact their ability to work."	1.39	Antisocial personality disorder is associated with receipt of physical disability benefits in substance abuse treatment patients. ( Byrne, SA; Cherniack, MG; Petry, NM, 2013)
"Methadone maintenance treatment program patients were referred, evaluated by the internist and hepatologist in hepatitis clinic and provided HCV treatment with integration between both sites."	1.38	Integrated internist - addiction medicine - hepatology model for hepatitis C management for individuals on methadone maintenance. ( Beeder, AB; Dimova, R; Kreek, MJ; Marks, KM; Martinez, AD; Talal, AH; Zeremski, M, 2012)
" Here, we examined whether moderate doses of methadone carry any benefits over chronic use of equianalgesic morphine, the prototypical opioid."	1.38	Chronic methadone treatment shows a better cost/benefit ratio than chronic morphine in mice. ( Enquist, J; Ferwerda, M; Milan-Lobo, L; Whistler, JL, 2012)
"Buprenorphine and naloxone were misused at lower rates when compared with buprenorphine and methadone."	1.38	Use and misuse of opioid replacement therapies: a Queensland study. ( Kemp, R; Smirnov, A, 2012)
"For women with substance use problems, childhood sexual abuse (CSA), intimate partner violence exposure (IPV), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and overall psychological distress are often co-occurring concerns."	1.38	Childhood sexual abuse characteristics, intimate partner violence exposure, and psychological distress among women in methadone treatment. ( El-Bassel, N; Engstrom, M; Gilbert, L, 2012)
"Methadone dependence is a risk factor for poor bowel visualization and leads to more repeat colonoscopies."	1.38	Chronic methadone use, poor bowel visualization and failed colonoscopy: a preliminary study. ( Bernstein, B; Beyda, DJ; Fogel, J; Mohanty, SR; Notar-Francesco, V; Verma, S, 2012)
"The incidence of drug abuse has been stable during the last five years in Finland, with only lifetime prevalence of cannabis use increasing up to 17%."	1.38	[Update on current care guidelines: Treatment of drug abuse]. ( , 2012)
" Demographics and drug abuse characteristics at enrollment, including gender, age, employment status, family relationship, injection, needle sharing, criminal behavior, contacts with drug users, MMT daily dosage and family members receiving MMT were not significantly associated with treatment retention (P > 0."	1.38	[Characteristics and associated factors of long-term retention for methadone maintenance treatment patients]. ( Cao, XB; Li, JH; Luo, W; Pang, L; Rou, KM; Wang, CH; Wu, ZY; Yin, WY, 2012)
"The methadone was obtained by illegal diversion (sale, gift, or theft) in 67% of cases."	1.37	The methadone epidemic: methadone-related deaths on the rise in Vermont. ( Madden, ME; Shapiro, SL, 2011)
"Multiple substance use is a common problem among heroin users."	1.37	Multiple substance use among heroin-dependent patients before and during attendance at methadone maintenance treatment program, Yunnan, China. ( Chongsuvivatwong, V; Li, J; Li, L; McNeil, E; Sangthong, R, 2011)
"The annual death rate from drug abuse for teenagers increased from 1."	1.37	Trends and pattern of drug abuse deaths in Maryland teenagers. ( Fowler, DR; Levine, B; Li, G; Li, L; Zhang, X; Zielke, HR, 2011)
"Depression was assessed via clinician ratings (Clinical Global Impression Scale and Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale) and self-report (Beck Depression Inventory-Short Form)."	1.37	Clinician-assessed depression and HAART adherence in HIV-infected individuals in methadone maintenance treatment. ( Applebaum, A; Batchelder, A; Gonzalez, JS; Newville, H; Psaros, C; Safren, SA, 2011)
"To compare the use of co-medication, the potential drug-drug interactions (PDDIs) and the effect on antiretroviral therapy (ART) tolerability and efficacy in HIV-infected individuals according to age, ≥ 50 years or <50 years."	1.37	Ageing with HIV: medication use and risk for potential drug-drug interactions. ( Back, D; Battegay, M; Bernasconi, E; Calmy, A; Cavassini, M; Elzi, L; Furrer, H; Khoo, S; Marzolini, C; Vernazza, P; Weber, R, 2011)
"Methadone was the most frequent cause of fatal poisoning and there was a continuous decrease in heroin/morphine deaths."	1.37	Drug-related death in Denmark in 2007. ( Hansen, AC; Johansen, SS; Kringsholm, B; Linnet, K; Müller, IB; Rollmann, D; Simonsen, KW, 2011)
" More longitudinal research and studies controlling for the effects of dosage and duration of opioid addiction are necessary to examine whether cognitive ability may improve under long-term MMT."	1.36	Cognitive function in short- and long-term substitution treatment: are there differences? ( Hennig-Fast, K; Koller, G; Soyka, M; Zingg, C, 2010)
"outpatient substance abuse treatment (OSAT) facilities provide HIV counseling and testing (C&T) to clients between 1995 and 2005."	1.36	HIV testing and counseling in the nation's outpatient substance abuse treatment system, 1995-2005. ( D'Aunno, T; Pollack, HA, 2010)
" Patients with additional heroin intake over the past 30 days had been treated with a significantly lower L-methadone dosage (P<0."	1.36	Psychiatric comorbidity and additional abuse of drugs in maintenance treatment with L- and D,L-methadone. ( Baumann, P; Cimander, K; Havemann-Reinecke, U; Jacobs, S; Karg, I; Luedecke, C; Poser, W; Ruether, E; Schneider, U; Wedekind, D, 2010)
"Methadone has a long and successful history in the treatment of opioid addiction."	1.36	Trends in methadone-related deaths in Zurich. ( Bartsch, C; Laberke, PJ, 2010)
"Methadone was indisputably identified by means of the mass spectrometry technique in exhaled breath samples from all 13 patients."	1.36	Method for determination of methadone in exhaled breath collected from subjects undergoing methadone maintenance treatment. ( Beck, O; Eriksen, P; Franck, J; Palmskog, G; Sandqvist, S, 2010)
"Methadone maintenance has an important role in the treatment of injecting heroin users and the reduction of harm connected to drug abuse."	1.36	[Monitoring and evaluation of the Hungarian methadone maintenance programmes]. ( Márványkövi, F; Melles, K; Rácz, J; Vadász, V, 2010)
"Recent clinical studies suggest that substance use may be associated with an acceleration of the ageing process, possibly related to a deficit of stem cell number or function."	1.35	An intriguing association between dental and mental pathology in addicted and control subjects: a cross-sectional survey. ( Reece, AS, 2008)
"One understudied area of the substance abuse treatment system is correctional institutions."	1.35	Organizational-level correlates of the provision of detoxification services and medication-based treatments for substance abuse in correctional institutions. ( Knudsen, HK; Leukefeld, C; Oser, CB; Staton-Tindall, M; Taxman, F, 2009)
"Co-occurring drug dependence for these heroin users included cocaine (38%) and alcohol (31%)."	1.35	Interaction of counseling rapport and topics discussed in sessions with methadone treatment clients. ( Joe, GW; Rowan-Szal, GA; Simpson, DD, 2009)
"57% had a current non-substance use psychiatric disorder."	1.35	Health-related quality of life in methadone maintenance patients with untreated hepatitis C virus infection. ( Batki, SL; Canfield, KM; Ploutz-Snyder, R; Smyth, E, 2009)
"The association between substance use, rates of completion of therapy and rates of response were assessed using multivariable regression analyses."	1.35	Treatment of hepatitis C infection for current or former substance abusers in a community setting. ( Daiter, J; John-Baptiste, A; Krahn, M; Lingley, M; Nedd-Roderique, T; Teplin, D; Tomlinson, G; Varenbut, M, 2009)
"During pregnancy, drug addiction represents one of the most dangerous situations."	1.35	Drug addiction during pregnancy: correlations between the placental health and the newborn's outcome - elaboration of a predictive score. ( Boldrini, A; Cuttano, A; Domenici, C; Ghirri, P; Nardini, V; Varese, L, 2009)
"Dose, type of drug abuse, age and HIV status were related to the period of retention."	1.35	[Study on the time of retention and related influencing factors of patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment in Hunan province]. ( Chen, MS; Li, XL; Ou, QY; Sun, ZQ; Tan, HZ; Zhang, H, 2009)
"Secondary data on substance abuse treatment admissions, from 1995 through 2000, were obtained from the Department of Public Health, Community Substance Abuse Services, San Francisco, California."	1.35	Investigating the effects of San Francisco's Treatment on Demand Initiative on a publicly-funded substance abuse treatment system: a time series analysis. ( Davis, T; Gleghorn, A; Guydish, J; Sears, C, 2009)
" This can be achieved by converting the regular dosage into the equivalent in diazepam and then reducing this dosage by a maximum of 25% a week."	1.35	[Guideline 'Medicinal care for drug addicts in penal institutions']. ( Arends, MT; de Haan, HA; Klazinga, NS; van Everdingen, JJ; Westra, M, 2009)
"Buprenorphine was detected in 18 cases, methadone in 5 cases and benzodiazepines in 4 cases."	1.35	Prevalence of psychoactive substances in truck drivers in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region (France). ( Delzenne, C; Doublet, A; Fontaine, B; Frimat, P; Labat, L; Lhermitte, M; Marek, MC; Tellier, D; Tonneau, M, 2008)
"Compared to National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS), programs located in medical settings are over-represented and centers that are mental health clinics are under-represented."	1.35	Treatment programs in the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network. ( Arfken, C; Copersino, M; Edmundson, E; Floyd, A; Forman, R; Fuller, B; Kaskutas, LA; Magruder, KM; McCarty, D; Miller, M; Nunes, EV; Sindelar, J; Wendt, WW, 2008)
"Methadone was used (71."	1.35	Prescription opioid use, misuse, and diversion among street drug users in New York City. ( Davis, WR; Johnson, BD, 2008)
"Amitriptyline was found in 12 (7."	1.35	Tricyclic antidepressants abuse, with or without benzodiazepines abuse, in former heroin addicts currently in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). ( Adelson, M; Peles, E; Schreiber, S, 2008)
"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 31, 385-393."	1.35	Implementing methadone medical maintenance in community-based clinics: disseminating evidence-based treatment. ( Brooner, RK; Burke, C; Kidorf, M; King, VL; Kolodner, K; Neufeld, KJ; Peirce, J; Stoller, KB, 2008)
"The challenge is not in treating pain, but identifying true pain from drug-seeking behaviors."	1.35	Chronic pain in patients with substance abuse disorder: general guidelines and an approach to treatment. ( Dewey, CM; Mitchell, AM, 2008)
"In a cohort of 501 drug abusers admitted to treatment in the period 1981-1991, mortality has been calculated as incidence rates."	1.34	Fatal overdoses and deaths by other causes in a cohort of Norwegian drug abusers--a competing risk approach. ( Amundsen, EJ; Kielland, KB; Ødegård, E, 2007)
"Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in Norway emphasizes rehabilitation and control with strict intake criteria and rules for involuntary termination."	1.34	Merits and problems in high-threshold methadone maintenance treatment. Evaluation of medication-assisted rehabilitation in Norway 1998-2004. ( Waal, H, 2007)
"Methadone adherence was calculated as the fraction of days methadone was administered."	1.34	The impact of ongoing illicit drug use on methadone adherence in illicit drug users receiving treatment for HIV in a directly observed therapy program. ( Conway, B; DeVlaming, S; Duncan, F; Grebely, J; Khara, M; McLean, M; Mead, A; Petkau, AJ; Raffa, JD; Tossonian, H; Viljoen, M; Wong, T, 2007)
"Drug addiction is a complex problem which leads to many somatic, psychic and social diseases."	1.34	Serum magnesium concentration in drug-addicted patients. ( Brodowska, A; Brodowski, J; Chlubek, D; Karakiewicz, B; Kozielec, T; Laszczyńska, M; Noceń, I; Starczewski, A, 2007)
"Although it is said that drug addiction is associated with poor dental health, there is little research in this area."	1.34	Dentition of addiction in Queensland: poor dental status and major contributing drugs. ( Reece, AS, 2007)
"Supervised dosing is a cornerstone of tuberculosis treatment."	1.34	Adherence, drug use, and treatment failure in a methadone-clinic-based program of directly administered antiretroviral therapy. ( Hader, S; Lucas, GM; McCaul, ME; Moore, RD; Mullen, BA; Weidle, PJ, 2007)
" The interpretation of blood methadone concentrations alone or combined with other psychoactive drugs requires consideration of the subject's potential chronic use of and tolerance to the drug."	1.34	Methadone toxicity fatalities: a review of medical examiner cases in a large metropolitan area. ( Corey, TS; Hunsaker Iii, JC; Shields, LB; Stewart, D; Ward, MK, 2007)
"We examined the association of substance abuse treatment services on hospitalization among participants in the HIV-Alcohol Longitudinal Cohort (HIV-ALC) study of HIV-infected individuals with a history of alcohol problems."	1.33	Substance abuse treatment and hospitalization among a cohort of HIV-infected individuals with alcohol problems. ( Horton, NJ; Meli, S; Palepu, A; Samet, JH; Tibbetts, N, 2005)
"Morphine is an exceptionally effective analgesic whose utility is compromised by the development of tolerance and dependence to the drug."	1.33	An opiate cocktail that reduces morphine tolerance and dependence. ( He, L; Whistler, JL, 2005)
" No beneficial influence was revealed of methadone dosage or program attendance in itself on the risk of relapse into cocaine."	1.33	Prediction of relapse to frequent heroin use and the role of methadone prescription: an analysis of the Amsterdam Cohort Study among drug users. ( Geskus, R; Krol, A; Prins, M; Termorshuizen, F; van Ameijden, EJ; van den Brink, W, 2005)
"Methadone serum levels were available in 55 patients, assessed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy."	1.33	Variables associated with perceived sleep disorders in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) patients. ( Adelson, M; Peles, E; Schreiber, S, 2006)
" A protocol favoring higher methadone dosage as appropriate is recommended."	1.33	Factors predicting retention in treatment: 10-year experience of a methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) clinic in Israel. ( Adelson, M; Peles, E; Schreiber, S, 2006)
" The reason for the large range in dosage may be multifactorial."	1.33	Free and bound enantiomers of methadone and its metabolite, EDDP in methadone maintenance treatment: relationship to dosage? ( Eichhorst, JC; Etter, ML; Fern, B; George, S; Graybiel, K; Kapur, B; Lehotay, DC; Selby, P; Wildenboer, W, 2005)
"Patients with drug use disorders are heavy users of emergency department (ED) and inpatient hospital care."	1.33	Do mechanisms that link addiction treatment patients to primary care influence subsequent utilization of emergency and hospital care? ( Friedmann, PD; Gerstein, DR; Hendrickson, JC; Stein, MD; Zhang, Z, 2006)
"Two cases are described where diabetic ketoacidosis was found in conjunction with significant levels of prescription drugs."	1.33	Diabetic ketoacidosis--a possible complicating factor in deaths associated with drug overdose: two case reports. ( Byard, RW; Felgate, HE; Kostakis, C; Riches, KJ, 2006)
" Equally important perioperative treatment principles are stabilization of physical dependence by substitution with methadone (for heroin addicts) or benzodiazepines/clonidine (for alcohol, sedatives and hypnotics addiction), avoidance of stress and craving, thorough intraoperative and postoperative stress relief by using regional techniques or systematically higher than normal dosages of anesthetics and opioids, strict avoidance of inadequate dosage of analgetics, postoperative optimization of regional or systemic analgesia by non-opioids and coanalgetics and consideration of the complex physical and psychological characteristics and comorbidities."	1.33	[Anesthesia and analgesia in addicts: basis for establishing a standard operating procedure]. ( Heid, F; Jage, J, 2006)
"Urine samples were analyzed for drug abuse after one month and after one year."	1.33	Gender differences and pregnant women in a methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) clinic. ( Adelson, M; Peles, E, 2006)
"To document changes in prescribing practice at a specialized substance misuse service in the UK occurring since the introduction of the 1999 UK National Guidelines on the management of drug misuse, and to explore a possible link between the length of time spent in methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) and the dosage prescribed."	1.33	A six-year evaluation of methadone prescribing practices at a substance misuse treatment centre in the UK. ( Dickinson, GL; Lagundoye, O; Lennard, MS; Pratt, P; Rostami-Hodjegan, A; Seivewright, N, 2006)
"We examined the association of substance abuse treatment with access to liver specialty care among 231 persons coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) with a history of alcohol problems who were recruited and followed up in the HIV-Longitudinal Interrelationships of Viruses and Ethanol cohort study from 2001 to 2004."	1.33	Substance abuse treatment and receipt of liver specialty care among persons coinfected with HIV/HCV who have alcohol problems. ( Alperen, J; Cheng, DM; Kim, T; Nunes, D; Palepu, A; Saitz, R; Samet, JH; Vidaver, J, 2006)
"Most substance abuse treatment facilities do not routinely treat cigarette smoking even though most of their clients smoke and many will die from tobacco-related illness."	1.33	Good and bad times for treating cigarette smoking in drug treatment. ( Richter, KP, 2006)
"Psychiatric disorders or drug addiction are often regarded as contraindications against the use of interferon alfa (IFN-alpha) in patients with chronic hepatitis C."	1.32	Adherence and mental side effects during hepatitis C treatment with interferon alfa and ribavirin in psychiatric risk groups. ( Folwaczny, C; Grunze, H; Heldwein, W; Koenig, A; Loeschke, K; Lorenz, R; Martin, G; Schaefer, M; Schindlbeck, N; Schmidt, F; Soyka, M, 2003)
"Clinicians should evaluate substance use, participation in methadone maintenance programs, and the use of psychotherapeutic medications and consider the neuroendocrinologic effects of these medications as a potential cause of menstrual disruptions."	1.32	Substance use and psychotherapeutic medications: a likely contributor to menstrual disorders in women who are seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus. ( Cohen, M; Cu-Uvin, S; Greenblatt, R; Gurtman, A; Harlow, SD; Khalsa, A; Klein, RS; Lin, X; Minkoff, H; Ohmit, SE; Schuman, P; Young, MA, 2003)
"Methadone was the only drug in only 18 cases."	1.32	Methadone substitution: medicolegal problems in Germany. ( Lachenmeier, DW; Madea, B; Musshoff, F, 2003)
" The risk of injection increased with buprenorphine dosage (high/low dosage OR = 6."	1.32	Illicit drug use and injection practices among drug users on methadone and buprenorphine maintenance treatment in France. ( Benigeri, M; Brodeur, JM; Calderon, C; Gaigi, H; Guichard, A; Lert, F; Maguet, O; Richard, L; Soletti, J; Zunzunegui, MV, 2003)
"Pain was associated with an increased propensity for misuse of substances with analgesic effects, suggesting that ongoing pain contributes to an altered and more severe pattern of drug-seeking behavior."	1.32	Treatment needs associated with pain in substance use disorder patients: implications for concurrent treatment. ( Horst, DA; Humphreys, K; Minkel, JD; Oliva, EM; Trafton, JA, 2004)
"In patients with a history of substance abuse, these are often serious developments to which a clinician must know how to react."	1.32	Opioid therapy in patients with a history of substance abuse. ( Kirsh, KL; Passik, SD, 2004)
"Methadone was most frequently used in conjunction with other prescription or illicit drugs, most commonly benzodiazepines and/or cocaine."	1.32	Methadone-related deaths in Palm Beach County. ( Flannagan, LM; Lavezzi, WA; Sullivan, LM; Wolf, BC, 2004)
" No adverse effect on crime, hospital admissions, or death could be attributed to the legislative change in treatment organization."	1.32	Adverse events due to change in organization of problem drug users' treatment? ( Buhl, L; Saelan, H; Sørensen, TM, 2004)
"Four methadone patients were negative for opiates."	1.31	[Correlation between self-reported drug use and the results of hair analysis in detoxification and methadone treatment patients]. ( Karakiewicz, B; Kozielec, T; Piekoszewski, W; Stanaszek, R, 2002)
" BZD abusers (BAs) were found more often to be polydrug abusers, their methadone dosage was higher than non-abusers (NBAs), they started to abuse drugs in general and heroin in particular earlier than NBA, and they had higher self-rated psychopathology and psychological distress scores."	1.31	Benzodiazepine abuse in a methadone maintenance treatment clinic in Israel: characteristics and a pharmacotherapeutic approach. ( Adelson, M; Bleich, A; Gelkopf, M; Weizman, T, 2002)
"Eighteen patients recruited from a public methadone maintenance program underwent an interdosing interval pharmacokinetic study."	1.31	Steady-state pharmacokinetics of (R)- and (S)-methadone in methadone maintenance patients. ( Bochner, F; Dyer, KR; Foster, DJ; Somogyi, AA; White, JM, 2000)
"Influence of parental alcohol/substance abuse on methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) outcome was examined in 164 DSM-III-R opioid dependent adults with no other current DSM Axis I disorder."	1.31	Family history influence on drug abuse severity and treatment outcome. ( Gupman, AE; Johnson, EO; Miles, DR; Newlin, DB; Pickens, RW; Preston, KL; Soriano, J; Umbricht, A; van den Bree, MB, 2001)
"Across substance use and psychosocial domains, participants showed significant and comparable levels of improvement regardless of comorbidity."	1.31	The relationship of psychiatric comorbidity to treatment outcomes in methadone maintained patients. ( Alterman, AI; Cacciola, JS; McKay, JR; Mulvaney, FD; Rutherford, MJ, 2001)
"Methadone reduction treatment processes were associated with poor outcomes, and many patients who were allocated to methadone reduction treatment did not receive reduction treatment as intended."	1.31	Outcomes after methadone maintenance and methadone reduction treatments: two-year follow-up results from the National Treatment Outcome Research Study. ( Gossop, M; Marsden, J; Stewart, D; Treacy, S, 2001)
"Characteristics of recent drug abuse-related deaths in the city of Sheffield were examined from the coroner's records."	1.31	Deaths from drugs of abuse in Sheffield, 1998: the role of prescribed medication. ( Keen, J; Mathers, N; Oliver, P; Rowse, G, 2001)
"A six-month interval (baseline) during which methadone doses above 99 mg required individual approval by the clinic's physician was compared with the subsequent 16-month period in which a policy of patient-regulated methadone dosing with no preset upper limit was implemented."	1.31	Implementation of a clinic policy of client-regulated methadone dosing. ( Gilmore-Thomas, KK; McMillan, DE; Miller, FB; Robles, E, 2001)
" Two maintenance treatments are available: methadone is only delivered in specialized centres while high dosage (HD) buprenorphine can be prescribed by all general practitioners and in specialized centres."	1.31	Comparison of methadone and high dosage buprenorphine users in French care centres. ( Barrau, K; Bellemin, B; Chuniaud-Louche, C; Micallef, J; San Marco, JL; Thirion, X, 2001)
"Age, and the duration of opioid dependence showed a significant influence on cocaine positive urinalysis."	1.31	[Cocaine abuse in maintenance therapy with methadone in narcotic dependent patients]. ( Fischer, G; Kraigher, D; Ortner, R; Peternell, A; Schindler, S; Topitz, A, 2001)
"Long-term drug abuse detrimentally affects the stomatognathic system, as expressed in a high prevalence of oral motor behavior and signs and symptoms of TMD."	1.31	Oral motor parafunctions among heavy drug addicts and their effects on signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders. ( Gavish, A; Gazit, E; Halachmi, M; Volfin, G; Winocur, E, 2001)
"Psychiatric and substance use comorbidity was assessed in 716 opioid abusers seeking methadone maintenance."	1.30	Psychiatric and substance use comorbidity among treatment-seeking opioid abusers. ( Bigelow, GE; Brooner, RK; Kidorf, M; King, VL; Schmidt, CW, 1997)
"(Methadone maintenance treatment for drug users leads to a more regulated life and makes it possible to implement measures to ameliorate their living conditions."	1.30	[More of the Surinam and Antilles drug addicts involved in the GG&GD (Community Medical and Health Service) methadone program in Amsterdam should be referred to the family physician for their methadone maintenance]. ( de Vries, HJ; Kanhai, K; van Brussel, GH, 1997)
" The median elimination half-life of methadone in healthy subjects was 33-46 h depending on the method used to calculate this parameter."	1.30	The pharmacokinetics of methadone in healthy subjects and opiate users. ( Calvert, R; Feely, M; Hay, AW; Raistrick, D; Rostami-Hodjegan, A; Shires, S; Tucker, GT; Wolff, K, 1997)
"Methadone was extracted in 5 ml methanol in presence of 200 ng of racemic methadone-d3, used as internal standard."	1.30	Enantioselective analysis of methadone in sweat as monitored by liquid chromatography/ion spray-mass spectrometry. ( Darreye, A; Greth, P; Kintz, P; Ludes, B; Marzullo, C; Tracqui, A; Tremeau, F, 1998)
"Methadone maintenance treatment programme newly established in Geneva, Switzerland."	1.30	Predictors of patient retention in a newly established methadone maintenance treatment programme. ( del Rio, M; Mino, A; Perneger, TV, 1997)
"This study examined the functional and substance use status of methadone maintenance (MM) patients at treatment entry and 2 and 7 months later."	1.30	The early course of change in methadone maintenance. ( Alterman, AI; Cacciola, JS; McKay, JR; McLellan, AT; Rutherford, MJ, 1998)
"Persons dying from AIDS were more likely to be younger, Hispanic, and male than those dying from other causes."	1.30	A 12-year study (1975-1986) of mortality in methadone-maintenance patients: selected demographic characteristics and drug-use patterns of AIDS and non-AIDS-related deaths. ( Badger, GJ; Bickel, WK; Petry, NM, 1998)
"Using the 1993 clinical definition of AIDS, we found that the hazard ratio (HR) of progression to AIDS declined for enrollees over time in comparison with the referent group of persons enrolled in 1986-1987."	1.30	Temporal trends in the progression of human immunodeficiency virus disease in a cohort of drug users. ( Buono, D; Chang, CJ; Gourevitch, MN; Klein, RS; Schoenbaum, EE; Webber, MP, 1998)
"Providing health services to drug abuse treatment clients improves their outcomes."	1.30	On-site primary care and mental health services in outpatient drug abuse treatment units. ( Alexander, JA; D'Aunno, TA; Friedmann, PD; Jin, L, 1999)
"Methadone was decreased to 50 mg daily and diazepam was tapered to zero."	1.30	Fluvoxamine-methadone interaction. ( Alderman, CP; Frith, PA, 1999)
"Current methadone dosage was accurately reported (unweighted kappa [kappa]: 0."	1.30	The validity of drug users' self-reports in a non-treatment setting: prevalence and predictors of incorrect reporting methadone treatment modalities. ( Langendam, MW; van Ameijden, EJ; van Haastrecht, HJ, 1999)
"In the national Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Studies (DATOS), many clients in outpatient methadone treatment (OMT) and outpatient drug-free (ODF) modalities were admitted with multiple sex and needle-risk behaviors, but they reduced these risks significantly during treatment."	1.30	HIV risk reduction in outpatient drug abuse treatment: individual and geographic differences. ( Broome, KM; Joe, GW; Simpson, DD, 1999)
"6, compared with no change] and increase in methadone dosage (RR, 0."	1.30	Methadone maintenance treatment modalities in relation to incidence of HIV: results of the Amsterdam cohort study. ( Coutinho, RA; Langendam, MW; van Ameijden, EJ; van Brussel, GH, 1999)
"The overall annual HIV seroconversion rate shifted only slightly from 13% in the first study period (1984 to mid-1986) to 11% in the second period (mid-1986 to end 1988)."	1.29	Methadone treatment and risk of HIV infection in drug users without legal access to clean injection equipment. ( Martin, J; Meystre-Agustoni, G; Wietlisbach, V, 1995)
"Published data confirm the substantial presence of alcohol in combination with cocaine, heroin and methadone among ME cases."	1.29	Alcohol use in combination with cocaine, heroin and methadone by medical examiner cases. ( Dufour, MC; Haberman, PW; Noble, JA, 1995)
" To determine if raising the daily methadone dosage is an effective way to eliminate cocaine abuse, 74 methadone maintenance patients maintained at daily dosages between 30 and 80 mg and who chronically abused cocaine were studied by a standard protocol."	1.29	Cocaine abuse in methadone maintenance patients is associated with low serum methadone concentrations. ( Shannon, J; Tennant, F, 1995)
"The effectiveness of drug abuse treatment depends in part on meeting clients' medical and social needs related to drug abuse."	1.29	An organizational analysis of service patterns in outpatient drug abuse treatment units. ( D'Aunno, T; Vaughn, TE, 1995)
"Its efficacy in preventing AIDS epidemics has not been clearly established."	1.29	[Methadone maintenance treatment]. ( Dugarin, J; Lôo, H; Rémi-Bouissière, P, 1995)
"The aim of this study was to assess the influence of maternal methadone dosage on the severity of neonatal withdrawal."	1.29	Maternal methadone dosage and neonatal withdrawal. ( Darlow, BA; Horwood, LJ; Lennox, R; Malpas, TJ, 1995)
" Cocaine users were more likely than nonusers of cocaine to use heroin at all methadone dosage levels."	1.29	Heroin use during methadone maintenance treatment: the importance of methadone dose and cocaine use. ( Davenny, K; Friedland, GH; Hartel, DM; Klein, RS; Kline, J; Schoenbaum, EE; Selwyn, PA, 1995)
"Many substance abusers present with elevated scores on self-report measures of psychopathological symptoms."	1.29	Psychiatric symptomatology in crack cocaine abusers. ( Gottheil, E; Shannon, DM; Sterling, RC; Weinstein, SP, 1994)
"Ketobemidone was the third most frequent drug of poisoning, while propoxyphene and barbituric acid only were found in a very few cases each."	1.29	Deaths among drug addicts in Denmark in 1987-1991. ( Kaa, E; Kringsholm, B; Simonsen, KW; Steentoft, A; Worm, K, 1994)
" A good dose-response relationship was found between the 100% suppressive withdrawal sign doses of DHE and the degree of withdrawal sign in heroin addicts."	1.29	[Clinical assessment of physical dependence potential of dihydroetorphine hydrochloride (DHE)]. ( Cai, ZJ; Ge, Y; Li, M; Sun, WL, 1994)
" The switch to oral agents must take into consideration the differences in potency, half-life, and oral bioavailability between the agents."	1.29	Outpatient therapy of iatrogenic drug dependency following prolonged sedation in the pediatric intensive care unit. ( Deshpande, JK; Gregory, DF; Tobias, JD, 1994)
"Methadone alone was found to be the cause of death in 50% more cases in 1989 than in 1981."	1.29	Methadone and drug addicts. ( Kringsholm, B; Steentoft, A; Worm, K, 1993)
"We evaluated the medical histories, drug abuse patterns, sexual behaviors, serological studies for syphilis and hepatitis B infection and other laboratory studies in 1780 patients enrolled in New York City drug treatment clinics in 1987."	1.29	Medical disorders in a cohort of New York city drug abusers: much more than HIV disease. ( Ajuluchukwu, DC; Bailey, J; Brown, LS; Hickson, MJ, 1993)
"Higher rates of SIDS were found in infants exposed to opiates alone than in cocaine-exposed infants, but increasing rates of SIDS in cocaine-exposed infants toward the end of the decade suggested that "crack" cocaine may be linked to these increasing rates."	1.29	Relationship of maternal substance abuse to subsequent sudden infant death syndrome in offspring. ( Davidson, G; Gaines, J; Habel, L; Jessop, D; Kandall, SR, 1993)
"Methadone alone was found to be the cause of death in 50% more cases in 1989 than in 1981."	1.29	[Methadone and drug addicts]. ( Kringsholm, B; Steentoft, A; Worm, K, 1993)
"The impact of length of stay in drug abuse treatment on follow-up drug use and criminal behavior has important clinical and policy implications."	1.29	The effects of time in drug abuse treatment and employment on posttreatment drug use and criminal activity. ( French, MT; Hubbard, RL; Rachal, JV; Zarkin, GA, 1993)
" This suggests that the acute effects of methadone on smoking are nullified as clients habituate to dose level, and that decisions regarding appropriate methadone dosage can be made on other grounds."	1.29	Cigarette smoking and methadone dose levels. ( Campbell, BK; Stark, MJ, 1993)
"Subjects were 281 intravenous drug abusers, 146 enrolled in outpatient methadone treatment (Treatment group) and 135 not in treatment (Community group)."	1.29	Validity of intravenous drug abusers' self-reported changes in HIV high-risk drug use behaviors. ( Bigelow, GE; Brooner, RK; Greenfield, L, 1995)
"64 ml x min(-1) x kg(-1), whereas the mean elimination rate constant (beta) and plasma half-life (t1/2beta) were 0."	1.29	Pharmacokinetics of methadone and its primary metabolite in 20 opiate addicts. ( de Vos, JW; Geerlings, PJ; Ufkes, JG; van den Brink, W; van Wilgenburg, H, 1995)
"Axis I nonsubstance use disorder was associated with benzodiazepine use, while Axis II disorder was associated with both benzodiazepine and cocaine use early in treatment (P < 0."	1.29	Concurrent validity of cocaine and sedative dependence diagnoses in opioid-dependent outpatients. ( Brooner, RK; Chutuape, MA; Kidorf, M; King, VL; Stitzer, ML, 1996)
" Male long-Evans rats were shaved prior to dosing to obtain their drug-free hair."	1.29	Quantitative analysis of methadone and two major metabolites in hair by positive chemical ionization ion trap mass spectrometry. ( Foltz, RL; Gygi, SP; Nagasawa, PR; Rollins, DE; Wilkins, DG, 1996)
"Mean methadone dose was 81 +/- 20 mg."	1.29	Pattern of cocaine use in methadone-maintained individuals applying for research studies. ( Fischman, MW; Foltin, RW; Levin, FR, 1996)
"Dextropropoxyphene is a commonly used analgesic despite its high toxicity in overdose and potential for abuse and dependence."	1.29	The dangers of dextropropoxyphene. ( Dore, GM, 1996)
"Counselors of HIV-afflicted substance abusers not only must apply counseling strategies directed toward curbing drug use, but also are called upon to assess suicide risk, attend to the promotion of social support, treat adverse affective reactions, and respond to spiritual and existential concerns."	1.28	A cognitive-existential analysis of counselor responses to HIV-positive substance misusers in an outpatient methadone program and a residential therapeutic community. ( Capone, CT; Condren, R; DeRovira, N; Katowsky, K; Melchionda, R; Peterson, M, 1992)
"Buprenorphine (BUP) is a partial opioid agonist whose effects on BE levels were examined in six former heroin addicts and 14 methadone-maintained patients before and after being switched to sublingual BUP 2 mg daily for 1 month."	1.28	Beta endorphin levels during heroin, methadone, buprenorphine, and naloxone challenges: preliminary findings. ( Kosten, TR; Kreek, MJ; Morgan, C, 1992)
"Illicit drug abuse, as well as smoking, are known risk factors in the development of intrauterine growth retardation."	1.28	[Drug dependence, smoking and fetal growth retardation]. ( Hanzal, E; Hoffmann, G; Kölbl, H, 1992)
"Clonidine has been used to assist opiate detoxification in the past 10 years."	1.28	Two cases of clonidine abuse/dependence in methadone-maintained patients. ( Lauzon, P, 1992)
"4 mg/ml for morphine and methadone, respectively, were achieved using an ascending dosage schedule."	1.28	Morphine and methadone dependence in the rat: withdrawal and brain met-enkephalin levels. ( Olley, JE; Pierce, TL; Tiong, GK, 1992)
" First-pass glucuronidation limits systemic bioavailability of oral naloxone."	1.28	Treatment of opioid-induced constipation with oral naloxone: a pilot study. ( Culpepper-Morgan, JA; Foley, K; Houde, RW; Inturrisi, CE; Kreek, MJ; Marsh, F; Portenoy, RK, 1992)
"Drug use by patients during inpatient substance abuse treatment is frequently a cause of premature hospital discharge."	1.28	Patients who use drugs during inpatient substance abuse treatment. ( Greenfield, SF; Griffin, ML; Weiss, RD, 1992)
"Methadone treatment offers a first step toward social rehabilitation for drug addicts who have been living as criminals on the fringe of society."	1.28	[Nicotine--drug addiction--AIDS. Drug use habits of Vienna addicts]. ( Hollerer, E; Loimer, N; Pfersmann, V; Presslich, O; Schmid-Siegel, B; Vedovelli, H; Werner, E, 1991)
" Clinic dosage policies contribute significantly to retention in methadone maintenance treatment."	1.28	Methadone dosage and retention of patients in maintenance treatment. ( Bell, J; Caplehorn, JR, 1991)
"Multiple substance use disorders were found in these patients, and more substance use disorders were found in those patients with, versus without, a non-substance use psychiatric diagnosis."	1.28	Clustering of multiple substance use and psychiatric diagnoses in opiate addicts. ( Bigelow, GE; Brooner, RK; Strain, EC, 1991)
"The implications for drug abuse treatment were determined."	1.28	A nationwide survey of urinalysis practices of methadone maintenance clinics. Utilization of laboratory services. ( Calsyn, DA; Erickson, L; Haver, VM; Saxon, AJ, 1990)
"Amphetamine alone was rarely the cause of death but the drug was seen in an increasing number of deaths in recent years."	1.28	[Narcotic abuse in Jylland. A study based on narcotics and deaths of addicts examined at the Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Aarhus during the period 1981-1988. 2. Deaths among addicts]. ( Kaa, E, 1990)
"HIV-positive former drug abusers show a tendency to relapse to drug abuse."	1.28	[Experiences from two HIV prevention projects among drug abusers in Oslo. Is methadone maintenance treatment useful?]. ( Skogstad, M, 1990)
"Buprenorphine was investigated with a radioimmunoassay technique."	1.28	[Prevalence of buprenorphine use by heroin addicts undergoing treatment]. ( de la Torre, R; Ollé, JM; Porta Serra, M; San, L; Tremoleda, J, 1989)
"Patients reported mild opiate withdrawal symptoms after initiation of CBZ treatment."	1.28	Carbamazepine treatment of cocaine dependence in methadone maintenance patients with dual opiate-cocaine addiction. ( Halikas, JA; Kemp, KD; Kuhn, KL, 1989)
"Cyclizine was taken in large doses intravenously with methadone."	1.28	Cyclizine abuse among a group of opiate dependents receiving methadone. ( McLean, PC; Melville, J; Ruben, SM, 1989)
"To examine the impact of the AIDS epidemic on morbidity and mortality in a defined population of intravenous drug users, we analyzed overall and cause-specific death rates, AIDS incidence, and acute medical hospitalizations among patients in a long-term methadone maintenance program in New York City for the years 1984 through 1987 (midyear population for each year 828 to 891; demographic characteristics did not differ)."	1.28	Impact of the AIDS epidemic on morbidity and mortality among intravenous drug users in a New York City methadone maintenance program. ( Drucker, E; Hartel, D; Selwyn, PA; Wasserman, W, 1989)
"Methadone therapy was associated with substantial reductions in heroin use and some reduction in cocaine use, but 24% of cocaine users receiving methadone began or increased cocaine injection after entry into treatment."	1.28	Cocaine use and HIV infection in intravenous drug users in San Francisco. ( Bacchetti, P; Brodie, B; Chaisson, RE; Moss, AR; Osmond, D; Sande, MA, 1989)
"Despite discontinuation of the drug abuse, all developed severe respiratory disability and three died from their disease."	1.28	Long-term follow-up of drug abusers with intravenous talcosis. ( Cote, G; Fraser, RS; Paré, JP, 1989)
"Different theories of drug abuse and treatment generate different predictions of perceived emotional effects of treatment."	1.27	A cognitive behavioral analysis of relaxation training in drug abusers. ( Chaney, EF; Roszell, DK, 1983)
" Pupil diameter and subjective responses were measured 15 min before dosing and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after dosing."	1.27	Diazepam and methadone interactions in methadone maintenance. ( Bigelow, GE; Griffiths, RR; Liebson, IA; Preston, KL; Stitzer, ML, 1984)
"The caries increments among the present drug abusers and the individuals on methadone maintenance were higher than among the previous drug addicts, 3."	1.27	Five-year evaluation of a dental care delivery system for drug addicts in Denmark. ( Scheutz, F, 1984)
" The pharmacokinetic parameters, half-life in the beta-phase (t1/2 beta), volume of distribution during the postdistributive phase (Vd beta) and during steady state (Vdss) were determined as well as the body (ClS) and renal (ClR) clearances of M."	1.27	Pharmacokinetics of methadone in methadone maintenance treatment: characterization of therapeutic failures. ( Anggård, E; Grönbladh, L; Nilsson, MI; Widerlöv, E, 1983)
"Iatrogenic, or medically induced, drug addiction is a problem affecting both patients and physicians."	1.27	Medically induced drug addiction. ( Portnow, JM; Strassman, HD, 1985)
" In particular, studies of retention, counselor characteristics, program policies and goals, the nature and extent of services received by clients, the context in which treatment is administered, methadone dosage levels, and other such variables are reviewed."	1.27	Drug abuse treatment process: a review of the literature. ( Allison, M; Hubbard, RL, 1985)
"Parenteral substance abuse is widespread."	1.27	Primary care of parenteral substance abusers. ( Williams, A, 1986)
"There are multiple causes for intrauterine growth retardation but one etiology proposed is maternal drugs."	1.27	Maternal drug therapy: effect on fetal and neonatal growth and neurobehavior. ( Hill, RM; Tennyson, LM, 1986)
"The increased rate of prematurity, intrauterine growth retardation, and perinatal complications associated with perinatal exposure to cocaine or methamphetamine was greater than that predicted by coexisting risk factors and was consistent with the pharmacologic properties of these drugs."	1.27	Perinatal cocaine and methamphetamine exposure: maternal and neonatal correlates. ( Dixon, SD; Oro, AS, 1987)
"A new type of drug addiction involving the intravenous injection of methadone was also encountered."	1.27	[Homeostasis of blood glucose and abuse of exogenous opiates: evaluation of fructosamine and glycosylated hemoglobin]. ( Baroni, MC; Caccavari, R; Ceresini, G; Delsignore, R; Gerra, G; Mineo, F; Rastelli, G; Vescovi, PP, 1987)
"Clonidine-naltrexone treatment should succeed with patients receiving methadone doses up to 50 mg/day, facilitate naltrexone maintenance, and apply to many clinical settings."	1.27	The combined use of clonidine and naltrexone as a rapid, safe, and effective treatment of abrupt withdrawal from methadone. ( Charney, DS; Heninger, GR; Kleber, HD, 1986)
" These data suggest that maternal drug abuse and increased methadone dosage during pregnancy may predispose infants to the development of strabismus."	1.27	Occurrence of strabismus in infants born to drug-dependent women. ( Calhoun, JH; Ehrlich, S; Finnegan, LP; Matteucci, T; Nelson, LB, 1987)
"The goal of drug abuse treatment is to decrease the dominance of drug-related behaviors while enhancing the dominance of alternative socially acceptable behaviors."	1.27	Behavior therapy in drug abuse treatment: review and evaluation. ( Bigelow, GE; McCaul, ME; Stitzer, ML, 1985)
"It aims to examine drug addiction services in order to assess the interrelations between these services, their ways of operating and the use drug addicts make of them."	1.27	[Hospital emergencies in drug addiction. Analysis and interpretation of data recorded at 3 DEAs of the Turin area]. ( Furlan, PM; Meluzzi, A; Pelissero, E; Ravizza, L; Zanin, L, 1986)
"53) between pupillary constriction 120 minutes after drug dosing and the average dollar value of subjects' reported heroin use per week."	1.27	Pupillary response to methadone challenge in heroin users. ( Bigelow, GE; Higgins, ST; Liebson, IA; McCaul, ME; Stitzer, ML, 1985)
"Methadone is a synthetic narcotic analgesic used as a substitute for Heroin in drug detoxification programs."	1.26	Genetic screening of compounds used in drug abuse treatment. II. Methadone. ( Braude, M; Brockman, H; Brusick, D; Hung, C; Jagannath, D; Matheson, D, 1981)
"Several compounds used clinically in drug abuse therapy were evaluated for genetic activity in a series of in vivo and in vitro assays."	1.26	Genetic screening of compounds used in drug abuse treatment. III. LAAM. ( Braude, M; Brockman, H; Brusick, D; Hung, C; Jagannath, D; Matheson, D, 1981)
"The increase of drug abuse by alcoholics and the increase of alcohol abuse and alcoholism by polydrug abusers is documented."	1.26	The relationship of alcoholism and alcohol abuse to the abuse of other drugs. ( Kaufman, E, 1982)
" The data suggest that the maintenance dosage of methadone need not be changed in stable chronic liver disease."	1.26	Methadone disposition in patients with chronic liver disease. ( Fanizza, AM; Gelb, AM; Kreek, MJ; Novick, DM; Stenger, RJ; Yancovitz, SR, 1981)
"Methadone maintenance patients who use benzodiazepine drugs were interviewed about the dosage levels, patterns, frequency and motives for their use of these drugs."	1.26	Diazepam use among methadone maintenance patients: patterns and dosages. ( Grabowski, J; Griffiths, RR; Hawthorne, JW; McLellan, AT; Stitzer, ML, 1981)
"Drug addiction has assumed major proportions in the Hispanic population."	1.26	Rehabilitation of the Puerto Rican addict: a cultural perspective. ( Alksne, L; Langrod, J; Lowinson, J; Ruiz, P, 1981)
" It was found that following the administration of the daily dosage of methadone, A-State was significantly reduced but no changes in A-Trait occurred."	1.26	State-trait anxiety in methadone maintenance patients. ( Teichman, M, 1981)
" Patients were assigned to three dosage groups."	1.26	Extraneous drug use in methadone-supported patients. ( Chapman, C; Hartfield, M; Seow, SS; Swensen, G; Willis, D, 1980)
"Temporal patterns of drug abuse treatment reentry and other outcome measures were examined over a three-year period based on a national follow-up sample of persons admitted to treatment in the Drug Abuse Reporting Program (DARP) during 1969 to 1972."	1.26	Drug abuse treatment readmissions and outcomes. Three-year follow-up of DARP patients. ( Savage, LJ; Simpson, DD, 1980)
"Early withdrawal symptoms persisted for three to four months, and mean growth parameters continued along their respective percentiles."	1.26	Early growth patterns of methadone-addicted infants. ( Burns, WJ; Chasnoff, IJ; Hatcher, R, 1980)
"Despite the vast literature on drug dependence, little has been written about patients who become addicted while taking medically prescribed drugs for organic pathology."	1.26	Treatment of iatrogenic drug dependence in the general hospital. ( Streltzer, J, 1980)
"The origin of the psychiatric illnesses observed in drug abusers is often unclear."	1.26	Development of psychiatric illness in drug abusers. Possible role of drug preference. ( Mc Lellan, AT; O'Brien, CP; Woody, GE, 1979)
" Evidence of tolerance was indicated by the fact that when the antinociceptive response to morphine was assessed by the hot-plate and the tail-flick procedures, a shift in the dose-response curve of morphine to the right occurred after an adequate single priming dose of morphine."	1.26	Studies on tolerance development to single doses of morphine in mice. ( Huidobro, F; Huidobro-Toro, JP; Leong Way, E, 1976)
"Thrombocytosis was not related to withdrawal symptoms or treatment (phenobarbital or paregoric)."	1.26	Thrombocytosis and increased circulating platelet aggregates in newborn infants of polydrug users. ( Burstein, Y; Giardina, PJ; Kandall, SR; Peterson, CM; Rausen, AR; Siljestrom, K, 1979)
"Commonly diagnosed conditions included drug abuse, psychiatric disorder, trauma, and alcohol abuse."	1.26	Health status of the New York City prison population. ( Loewenstein, R; Novick, LF; Penna, RD; Remmlinger, E; Schwartz, MS, 1977)
"Theories on the causes of heroin addiction are reviewed in this two part article."	1.26	The causes of heroin addiction-- a review of the literature. Part II. ( Salmon, R; Salmon, S, 1977)
" This study indicates that a pharmacokinetically optimized dosage regimen would be useful in increasing the therapeutic effectiveness of MMT."	1.26	Methadone maintenance: plasma levels and therapeutic outcome. ( Anggård, E; Gunne, LM; Holmstrand, J, 1978)
" Two sources of external feedback, implicit dosage strength (liquid drug color) and explicit performance information (pursuit rotor feedback), were varied along with drug usage."	1.26	Placebo attribution in methadone patients. ( Skarin, K; Sulzer, J, 1978)
"Naloxone was used to precipitate the narcotic withdrawal syndrome."	1.26	The safety and value of naloxone as a therapeutic aid. ( Rich, CR; Stockdale, SL; Wang, RI; Wiesen, RL, 1977)
"The L/S ratios in drug addiction methadone pregnancies and diabetic pregnancies do not have a high degree of correlation with normal L/S ratios after 36 weeks of gestation and are often low."	1.26	Amniotic fluid and fetal maturity. ( Singh, EJ; Zuspan, FP, 1976)
"Methadone was not found to be "the quick cure" for opiate addiction."	1.26	The use of methadone as a treatment tool for opiate addicts: A two-year follow-up study. ( Magro, D; Reynolds, I, 1976)
"A classification of multiple drug abuse is presented which demonstrates recent increases in each of four categories."	1.26	The abuse of multiple drugs. I. Definition, classification, and extent of problem. ( Kaufman, E, 1976)
"This is especially true in the field of substance abuse, in part because there simply are no clear-cut answers which can be universally applied."	1.26	The epidemiological approach to drug abuse: its relevance to the teaching of future professionals. ( Newman, RG, 1976)
" Dinoracetylmethadol plasma levels remained relatively constant throughout the dosing interval."	1.25	Disposition of acetylmethadol in relation to pharmacologic action. ( Inturrisi, CE; Kaiko, RF, 1975)
"Methadone hydrochloride has been found to be medically safe when administered in the setting of a well-organized heroin addition treatment program."	1.25	Controlling the abuse of illicit methadone in Washington, DC. ( Brown, BS; DuPont, RL; Greene, MH, 1975)
"Naloxone hydrochloride was administered by regional intravenous injection (three patients) or by instillation into the conjunctival sac (10 patients) in addicts receiving methadone maintenance."	1.25	Ocular absorption of naloxone in narcotic addicts. ( Duncalf, D; Foldes, FF; Jeyaram, C; Tarter, R, 1975)
"A diverse group of drug abusers in New Haven has benefited from a multifaceted treatment program at the Connecticut Mental Health Center's drug dependence unit."	1.25	A unit for delivering multiple drug treatment and prevention services. ( , 1975)
"Morphine was withdrawn by washing out the reservoir with drug vehicle."	1.25	An implanted reservoir of morphine solution for rapid induction of physical dependence in rats. ( Goode, PG, 1971)

Research

Studies (2,372)

Authors

Clinical Trials (42)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Carbon Monoxide (CO)-Confirmed 7-day Abstinence

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	1201 (50.63)	18.7374
1990's	471 (19.86)	18.2507
2000's	364 (15.35)	29.6817
2010's	291 (12.27)	24.3611
2020's	45 (1.90)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Khalili, P	1
Nadimi, AE	1
Baradaran, HR	1
Janani, L	1
Rahimi-Movaghar, A	2
Rajabi, Z	1
Rahmani, A	1
Hojati, Z	1
Khalagi, K	1
Motevalian, SA	1
Ginley, MK	1
Kelly, LM	1
Pfund, RA	1
Rash, CJ	1
Alessi, SM	1
Zajac, K	1
Mahu, IT	2
Barrett, SP	3
Conrod, PJ	2
Bartel, SJ	1
Stewart, SH	2
Olsen, Y	1
Chawar, C	1
Hillmer, A	1
Lamri, A	1
Kapczinski, F	1
Thabane, L	1
Pare, G	1
Samaan, Z	1
Frank, CJ	1
Morrison, L	1
Shin, HC	2
Marsh, JC	2
Makarious, L	1
Teng, A	1
Oei, JL	1
Henningfield, J	1
Gauvin, D	1
Bifari, F	1
Fant, R	1
Shram, M	1
Buchhalter, A	1
Ashworth, J	1
Lanier, R	1
Pappagallo, M	1
Inturrisi, C	2
Folli, F	1
Traversa, S	1
Manfredi, PL	1
Hermansen, SK	1
Christoffersen, DJ	4
Rezaeiahari, M	1
Fairman, BJ	1
Getty, CA	1
Weaver, T	1
Metrebian, N	1
Padoei, F	3
Mamsharifi, P	3
Hazegh, P	4
Boroumand, H	3
Ostadmohammady, F	4
Abbaszadeh-Mashkani, S	3
Banafshe, HR	3
Matini, AH	3
Ghaderi, A	4
Dehkohneh, SG	4
Tran, HV	2
Filipowicz, TR	2
Landrum, KR	2
Nong, HTT	2
Tran, TTT	2
Pence, BW	3
Go, VF	2
Le, GM	2
Nguyen, MX	2
Verhey, R	2
Chibanda, D	2
Ho, HT	2
Gaynes, BN	3
Luo, J	1
Bello, D	1
Pagsuyoin, S	1
Carnevale Miino, M	1
Macsek, T	1
Halešová, T	1
Chorazy, T	1
Hlavínek, P	1
Shoulders, A	1
Andrews, CM	2
Westlake, MA	1
Abraham, AJ	2
Grogan, CM	1
Siva Prasad, MS	1
Priyatha, CV	1
K Joseph, J	1
Aneesh, EM	1
Jaiswal, J	1
Griffin, M	1
LoSchiavo, C	1
Cox, A	1
Hascher, K	1
Dunlap, K	1
Walters, S	1
Burton, WM	1
Grin, B	1
Mumba, M	1
Eaton, E	1
Khoshakhlagh, AH	1
Gruszecka-Kosowska, A	1
Alemi, F	2
Aghaei, Z	1
Molavi, N	1
Mahdavi, M	1
Vahed, N	1
Das, D	1
Komaromy, M	1
Stone, A	1
Peterson, A	1
Gott, J	1
Koenig, R	1
Taylor, JL	1
Gray, BJ	1
Craddock, C	1
Couzens, Z	1
Lines, R	1
Perrett, SE	1
Akiyama, MJ	1
Columbus, D	1
MacDonald, R	1
Jordan, AO	1
Schwartz, J	1
Litwin, AH	6
Eckhardt, B	1
Carmody, E	1
Le, TA	3
Pham, DTT	2
Quek, TTC	1
Vu, GT	3
Hoang, CL	1
Tran, TT	1
Nguyen, CT	5
Tran, NHT	2
Vuong, QH	4
Tran, TH	2
Tran, BX	13
Latkin, CA	10
Ho, CSH	3
Ho, RCM	3
Kroska, EB	1
Meller, EW	1
Doyle, R	1
Coker, JL	1
Knight, BT	1
Ray-Griffith, SL	1
Nembhard, WN	1
Stowe, ZN	1
Ahmadian Moghaddam, S	1
Mazyaki, A	1
Razaghi, EM	1
O'Callaghan, ME	1
Regan, L	1
Wilson, M	2
Byrne, E	1
Hollywood, B	1
O'Kelly, F	1
O'Ciardha, D	1
Wupperman, P	1
Burns, N	1
Pugach, CP	1
Edwards, E	1
Ordak, M	1
Nasierowski, T	1
Muszynska, E	1
Bujalska-Zadrozny, M	1
Leong, FW	1
Mohd Yasin, MA	1
Muhd Ramli, ER	1
Fadzil, NA	1
Kueh, YC	1
Burgueño, MJ	1
Sánchez, S	1
Castro, MÁ	1
Mateos-Campos, R	1
Liu, S	1
Zou, X	1
Huang, X	1
Liu, Y	1
Lu, Q	1
Ling, L	1
Zhang, Q	1
Shi, M	1
Tang, H	1
Zhong, H	1
Lu, X	1
Mazahery, C	1
Benson, BL	1
Cruz-Lebrón, A	1
Levine, AD	1
Ha, GH	2
Le, MQT	1
Tran, LMH	1
Nguyen, LH	8
Pham, HQ	1
Pham, KTH	1
Lin, LA	1
Bohnert, ASB	1
Blow, FC	1
Gordon, AJ	1
Ignacio, RV	1
Kim, HM	1
Ilgen, MA	1
Maya-Enero, S	1
Guarddon Pueyo, C	1
Mur-Sierra, A	1
López-Vílchez, MÁ	1
Nicolakis, J	1
Gmeiner, G	1
Reiter, C	1
Seltenhammer, MH	1
Alzahri, MS	1
Jia, L	1
Norman, WV	1
O'Carroll, A	1
Duffin, T	1
Collins, J	2
Siringil Perker, S	1
Chester, LEH	1
Durand, L	1
Boland, F	1
O'Driscoll, D	1
Bennett, K	1
Barry, J	3
Keenan, E	5
Fahey, T	1
Cousins, G	1
Dale, RC	1
Ford, LT	1
Street, C	1
Simonsen, KW	7
Linnet, K	6
Andersen, CU	1
Jacka, BP	1
Janssen, T	1
Garner, BR	1
Yermash, J	1
Yap, KR	1
Ball, EL	1
Hartzler, B	1
Becker, SJ	1
Errico, S	1
Bedocchi, D	1
Drommi, M	1
Barranco, R	1
Bonsignore, A	1
Ventura, F	1
Mehtani, NJ	1
Ristau, JT	1
Snyder, H	1
Surlyn, C	1
Eveland, J	1
Smith-Bernardin, S	1
Knight, KR	1
Nong, T	1
Capoccia, V	1
Mulvey, KP	1
Giorgetti, A	1
Natanti, A	1
Giorgetti, R	1
Buscemi, L	1
Henkel, K	1
Klima, M	1
Auwärter, V	1
Altenburger, MJ	1
Neukamm, MA	1
Stockton, MA	1
Mughal, AY	1
Bui, Q	1
Greene, MC	1
Go, V	1
Cheng, Z	2
Diao, F	1
Chen, GH	1
Lin, CQ	1
Li, L	4
Wu, ZY	4
Cao, XB	4
Nguyen, HLT	4
Hoang, CD	2
Le, HQ	2
Van Nguyen, H	2
Le, HT	5
Tran, TD	3
Vu, TMT	2
Lugoboni, F	1
Levin, FR	3
Pieri, MC	1
Manfredini, M	2
Zamboni, L	1
Somaini, L	2
Gerra, G	4
Bowen, S	1
Somohano, VC	1
Rutkie, RE	1
Manuel, JA	1
Rehder, KL	1
Eiden, C	1
Mathieu, O	1
Donnadieu-Rigole, H	1
Marrot, C	1
Peyrière, H	1
Nguyen, HTT	1
Grassi, A	1
Ballardini, G	1
Heikman, PK	1
Muhonen, LH	1
Ojanperä, IA	1
Nguyen, QL	1
Phan, HTT	1
Vu, TTM	1
Boggiano, VL	1
Zary, N	1
Azhdar, F	1
Esmaeilnasab, N	1
Moradi, G	1
Roshani, D	1
Ghaderi, E	1
Nori, B	1
Liu, C	2
Liu, PL	1
Dong, QL	1
Luo, L	1
Xu, J	2
Zhou, W	3
Wang, X	4
Chang, JS	1
Chiu, JD	1
Gruber, VA	2
Sorensen, JL	8
Li, M	2
Li, R	3
Shen, Z	1
Li, C	1
Liang, N	1
Peng, Z	1
Huang, W	1
He, C	1
Zhong, F	1
Tang, X	1
Lan, G	1
Ullah, S	1
Sandqvist, S	2
Beck, O	2
Grant, TM	1
Graham, JC	1
Carlini, BH	1
Ernst, CC	1
Brown, NN	1
Glynn, RW	1
Lynn, E	1
Griffin, E	2
Fitzgerald, M	1
Ward, M	1
Rhodes, T	2
Scott, CK	2
Dennis, ML	4
Gustafson, DH	1
Heinsbroek, E	1
Glass, R	1
Edmundson, C	1
Hope, V	1
Desai, M	1
Ti, L	1
Socías, ME	1
Wood, E	4
Milloy, MJ	5
Nosova, E	2
DeBeck, K	2
Kerr, T	5
Hayashi, K	3
Klimas, J	1
Socías, E	1
Nolan, S	3
Brar, R	1
Peterson, BL	1
Schreiber, S	13
Fumo, N	1
Brooke Lerner, E	1
Dai, MM	1
Sason, A	1
Adelson, M	19
Peles, E	14
Bonnet, U	2
Richter, EL	1
Isbruch, K	1
Scherbaum, N	3
Krieg, B	1
Wilkins, C	1
Lai, FY	2
O'Brien, J	1
Thai, P	1
Mueller, JF	2
Sewak, R	1
Spielholz, NI	1
Bauerle Bass, S	1
Jessop, A	1
Gashat, M	1
Maurer, L	1
Alhajji, M	1
Forry, J	1
Bell, J	7
Belackova, V	1
Lintzeris, N	2
Mai, HT	1
Fleming, M	3
Do, HN	3
Nguyen, TMT	3
Ho, MT	3
Van Dam, N	1
Vuong, TT	3
Truong, NT	1
Goldschmidt, AB	1
Cotton, BP	1
Mackey, S	1
Laurent, J	1
Bryson, WC	1
Bond, DS	1
Azbel, L	1
Wegman, MP	1
Polonsky, M	1
Bachireddy, C	1
Meyer, J	1
Shumskaya, N	1
Kurmanalieva, A	1
Dvoryak, S	1
Altice, FL	3
Talal, AH	2
Andrews, P	1
Mcleod, A	1
Chen, Y	1
Sylvester, C	1
Markatou, M	1
Brown, LS	11
Pham, MD	1
Nguyen, LT	2
Nguyen, ALT	1
Nguyen, TH	1
Hoang, VH	1
Le, XTT	1
Dam, VN	1
Nguyen, V	1
Do, HP	2
Doan, PL	1
Nguyen, HH	1
Ho, CS	2
Ho, RC	2
Culbert, GJ	1
Waluyo, A	1
Wang, M	1
Putri, TA	1
Bazazi, AR	1
Eastwood, B	1
Strang, J	12
Marsden, J	7
Bastani, P	1
Marshall, BDL	1
Noroozi, A	1
Mravčík, V	1
Janíková, B	1
Drbohlavová, B	1
Popov, P	1
Pirona, A	1
Shenai, N	1
Gopalan, P	1
Glance, J	1
Moore, BA	1
Buono, FD	1
Lloyd, DP	1
Printz, DMB	1
Fiellin, DA	1
Barry, DT	2
Richardson, L	2
Mammel, M	1
Rosenberg, L	1
Lin, C	2
Feng, N	1
Hsieh, J	1
Nguyen, DB	1
Nguyen, TA	1
Dam, NV	1
Doan, LP	1
Latkin, C	2
Scholz, I	1
Schmid, Y	1
Exadaktylos, AK	1
Haschke, M	1
Liechti, ME	1
Liakoni, E	1
Sako, A	1
Swansburg, J	1
Lawrence, M	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Implementation and Evaluation of Care Coordination in Linkage to Care for Hepatitis C Following Release From New York City Jails[NCT04036760]		105 participants (Actual)	Observational	2015-05-31	Completed
Fetal Exposure to Cannabinoids: Exposure, Methylation and Neurodevelopmental Effects[NCT04422600]		72 participants (Actual)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2020-02-26	Completed
Targeted Focus Groups Discussions (FGDs) and Cross-sectional Questionnaire to Address Questions Regarding Telemedicine Concept and Knowledge, and Social Media Usage Among People Who Inject Drugs (PWID) in Greece[NCT05794984]		220 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2023-05-01	Active, not recruiting
Varenicline Versus Nicotine Replacement for Methadone-Maintained Smokers[NCT00790569]		315 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-09-30	Completed
Effect of Multiple Dosing With BI 201335 on the Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Steady-state Methadone and Buprenorphine/Naloxone in Subjects on Stable Addiction Management Therapy[NCT01637922]	Phase 1	34 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-08-31	Completed
Evaluating the Impact of Trauma, Trauma-Focused Therapy Services, and COVID-19 Among Patients in the University of Kentucky SMART Clinic[NCT04760418]		21 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-05-26	Completed
A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial of Gabapentin for the Treatment of Benzodiazepine Abuse in Methadone Maintenance Patients[NCT00420771]	Phase 2	19 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-01-31	Completed
Peer Supported Collaborative Care to Increase Engagement in Mental Health and Substance Use Disorder Care in HIV Care Settings[NCT04601064]		400 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-04-20	Recruiting
Screen, Treat and Retain Meth-using People With Opioid Use Disorders at Methadone Clinics[NCT04706624]		640 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-11-02	Active, not recruiting
HIV/STD Safer Sex Skills Groups for Men in Drug Treatment Programs[NCT00084175]	Phase 3	630 participants	Interventional	2004-04-30	Completed
Directly Observed Therapy for Community-Released HIV+ Prisoners[NCT00786396]		151 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-07-31	Completed
A Pilot Randomized Comparative Effectiveness Clinical Trial of Buprenorphine vs. Methadone for the Treatment of Opioid Dependence in Pregnancy.[NCT03098407]		55 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-04-20	Completed
Efficacy of Drug and Risk Behavior Counseling Intervention Among Injecting Drug Users at Opioid Substitution Treatment[NCT03721380]		118 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-05-14	Completed
The Behavioral Activation for Chinese Substance Users (C-BA) Research Protocol[NCT03705143]		90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-06-04	Completed
HBV Prevention for Homeless at Risk for HBV/HCV/HIV[NCT00926146]		451 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-07-31	Completed
An Innovative Digital Smoking Cessation Intervention for Low-Income Adults With Substance Use Disorder[NCT04419922]		100 participants (Actual)	Observational	2020-04-02	Active, not recruiting
Exploring the Utility and Safety of Benzodiazepine Prescribing Among People Receiving Opiate Replacement Therapy in Scotland (the BENZORT Study).[NCT04622995]		46,899 participants (Actual)	Observational	2021-08-01	Completed
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Mechanisms of a Novel Intervention for Chronic Pain Tailored to People Living With HIV[NCT03692611]		280 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-08-14	Active, not recruiting
Bictegravir in the Elderly Living With HIV: Impact of Polypharmacy and Multimorbidity (BICEP)[NCT05064020]		162 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2020-08-01	Active, not recruiting
Directly Observed Hepatitis C Treatment in Methadone Clinics[NCT01442311]		80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-10-31	Completed
OPRM1 A118G SNP, Alcohol Response, and Striatal Dopamine[NCT00401999]		35 participants (Actual)	Observational	2006-11-16	Completed
Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis c With Interferon-Alpha 2a and Ribavirin: a Comparison of Patients With Psychiatric Disorders and Controls[NCT00751426]		81 participants (Actual)	Observational	1999-08-31	Completed
The Norwegian Addiction, Pain and Trauma Study[NCT04908410]		1,500 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2021-03-23	Recruiting
Descriptive, Prospective Study of the Characteristics of Chronic Pain in Patients With Addiction to at Least One Substance[NCT05976178]		300 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2022-12-10	Recruiting
Enhancing Office-based Buprenorphine Treatment: An Adaptive Psychosocial Approach[NCT04650386]		250 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-09-21	Recruiting
A Randomized Community Intervention Trial on Reducing HIV Infection Among Drug Users Attending Methadone Maintenance Treatment(MMT) and Preventing Secondary Transmission From HIV Positive Clients to Their Sexual Partners in China[NCT01108614]	Phase 3	12,000 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2009-06-30	Recruiting
Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effectiveness of Immediate Versus Delayed Access to Hospital-based Addiction Services[NCT01934751]		124 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2013-09-30	Recruiting
Continuing Care Following Drug Abuse Treatment: Linkage With Primary Care[NCT01621711]		504 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-03-31	Active, not recruiting
Self-Test Strategies and Linkage Incentives to Improve ART and PrEP Uptake in Men[NCT04772469]		1,509 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-03-22	Completed
Methadone Maintenance for Prisoners[NCT00378079]	Phase 3	211 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-09-30	Completed
[NCT00261183]	Phase 3	100 participants	Interventional	2004-12-31	Recruiting
[NCT00292123]	Phase 1	200 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1999-06-30	Completed
A Randomized Trial Comparing Ibuprofen Plus Acetaminophen Versus Oxycodone Alone After Outpatient Soft Tissue Hand Surgery[NCT03111186]	Phase 2	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-04-24	Completed
Analgesic Efficacy of Testosterone Replacement in Hypogonadal Opioid-treated Chronic Pain Patients: A Pilot Study.[NCT00398034]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-10-30	Withdrawn (stopped due to The original PI (David Siegel) Left the VA)
Buprenorphine Maintenance Protocol[NCT00000205]	Phase 3	0 participants	Interventional	1990-10-31	Completed
Four Models of Telephone Support for Stimulant Recovery[NCT00744068]		302 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-04-30	Completed
Buprenorphine Maintenance for Cocaine Abusing Opioid Addicts[NCT00000216]	Phase 3	0 participants	Interventional		Completed
Identifying an Effective and Cost Beneficial Approach to Preventing OUD in Justice-Involved Youth[NCT04901312]		215 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-01-20	Recruiting
Role of CYP2B6, CYP3A4, and MDR1 in the Metabolic Clearance of Methadone in Human Subjects[NCT00504413]	Phase 1	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2007-07-31	Recruiting
Naloxegol for Opioid-Related Gastroparesis: A Double-Blind Study With an Open Label Extension[NCT03036891]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-12-29	Withdrawn
Adjunct Methadone to Decrease the Duration of Mechanical Ventilation in the Medical Intensive Care Unit[NCT02025855]	Phase 4	46 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-01-31	Enrolling by invitation
Treatment of Heroin and Cocaine With Methadone Maintenance and Contingency Management[NCT00292110]	Phase 1	140 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-02-01	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Number of participants reporting 7-day abstinence at 6-months, confirmed with CO measurement. (NCT00790569)
Timeframe: 6-Months

Change in Cigarettes Per Day

Change in Smoking Urges

Intervention	participants (Number)
Arm I	5
Arm II	1
Arm III	11

Intervention	cigarettes/day (Mean)
Arm I	-8.7
Arm II	-8.5
Arm III	-7.8

Smoking urges was measured on a 0 (not at all) - 100 (strongest feeling possible) scale. Higher values represent greater urge to smoke. Change in smoking urges was calculated as Follow-up score (6 month) - Baseline Score. (NCT00790569)
Timeframe: 6 months

CO-confirmed 7-day Abstinence

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Arm I	-29.971
Arm II	-25.015
Arm III	-24.177

Number of participants reporting 7-day abstinence at 12-months, confirmed with CO measurement. (NCT00790569)
Timeframe: 12 Months

Rates of Smoking Cessation Continuous From First Quit Day to 6 Months

Intervention	participants (Number)
Arm I	4
Arm II	1
Arm III	8

Number of participants who self-reported continuous abstinence from their initial quit day (study day 14) to 6 Months (NCT00790569)
Timeframe: 6-Months

Reinforcing Effects of Smoking

Intervention	participants (Number)
Arm I	2
Arm II	0
Arm III	2

Reinforcing effects of smoking was measured using the modified version of the Cigarette Evaluation Questionnaire. Participants were asked to indicate on a 12-item scale how smoking made them feel in the prior 30 days on a scale from 1 (Not at all) to 7 (Extremely). Higher values indicated that smoking was a more positive experience for 10 of 12 items. Two items were reverse coded. Change in reinforcing effects of smoking was calculated as Follow-up score (6 month) - Baseline Score. (NCT00790569)
Timeframe: 6 months

Self- Reported 7-day Abstinence

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Arm I	-1.005
Arm II	-.683
Arm III	-.761

Number of participants with self-reported, 7-day abstinence at 6-months (NCT00790569)
Timeframe: 6 Months

Self-reported 7-day Abstinence

Intervention	participants (Number)
Arm I	11
Arm II	3
Arm III	16

Number of participants with self-reported 7-day abstinence at 12-months (NCT00790569)
Timeframe: 12 Months

Withdrawal Symptoms

Intervention	participants (Number)
Arm I	4
Arm II	3
Arm III	11

Withdrawal Symptoms were measured using a modified version of the Minnesota Behavior Rating Scale. The scale asked subjects to rate their smoking withdrawal symptoms over the previous 24 hours on a scale from 0 (none) to 4 (severe). Higher values indicate more severe withdrawal symptoms. Change in withdrawal symptoms was calculated as Follow-up score (6 month) - Baseline Score. (NCT00790569)
Timeframe: 6 months

Buprenorphine: Geometric Mean Steady-state AUC0-24 on Day 1 and on Day 9.

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Arm I	-.222
Arm II	-.163
Arm III	-.113

These are the unadjusted summary statistics on the original scale for area under the concentration time curve (AUC) of faldaprevir in plasma over a uniform dosing interval from 0 to 24 hours. (NCT01637922)
Timeframe: 0 hours, 0.5 hours, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 2.5 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours on Day 1 and Day 9

Buprenorphine: Geometric Mean Steady-state C24hr on Day 1 and on Day 9.

Intervention	[pg*h/ml] (Geometric Mean)
	BUPRENORPHINE with FDV (Day 9)	BUPRENORPHINE alone (Day 1)
Buprenorphine/Naloxone (Suboxone)	58700	54000

These are the unadjusted summary statistics on the original scale for steady-state plasma concentration of faldaprevir 24 hours after the last dose (NCT01637922)
Timeframe: 0 hours, 0.5 hours, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 2.5 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours on Day 1 and Day 9

Buprenorphine: Geometric Mean Steady-state Cmax on Day 1 and on Day 9.

Intervention	[pg/mL] (Geometric Mean)
	BUPRENORPHINE with FDV (Day 9)	BUPRENORPHINE alone (Day 1)
Buprenorphine/Naloxone (Suboxone)	1110	904

These are the unadjusted summary statistics on the original scale for the maximum measured concentration of faldaprevir in plasma at steady state. (NCT01637922)
Timeframe: 0 hours, 0.5 hours, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 2.5 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours on Day 1 and Day 9

Naloxone: Geometric Mean Steady-state AUC0-24 on Day 1 and on Day 9.

Intervention	[pg/ml] (Geometric Mean)
	BUPRENORPHINE with FDV (Day 9)	BUPRENORPHINE alone (Day 1)
Buprenorphine/Naloxone (Suboxone)	7610	8240

Naloxone: Geometric Mean Steady-state C24hr on Day 1 and on Day 9.

Intervention	[pg*h/ml] (Geometric Mean)
	NALOXONE with FDV (Day 9)	NALOXONE alone (Day 1) N=12
Buprenorphine/Naloxone (Suboxone)	971	1000

Naloxone: Geometric Mean Steady-state Cmax on Day 1 and on Day 9.

Intervention	[pg/mL] (Geometric Mean)
	NALOXONE with FDV (Day 9)	NALOXONE alone (Day 1)
Buprenorphine/Naloxone (Suboxone)	23.4	25.6

Norbuprenorphine: Geometric Mean Steady-state AUC0-24 on Day 1 and on Day 9.

Intervention	[pg/mL] (Geometric Mean)
	NALOXONE with FDV (Day 9)	NALOXONE alone (Day 1) N=13
Buprenorphine/Naloxone (Suboxone)	284	357

Norbuprenorphine: Geometric Mean Steady-state C24hr on Day 1 and on Day 9.

Intervention	[pg*h/ml] (Geometric Mean)
	NORBUPRENORPHINE with FDV (Day 9)	NORBUPRENORPHINE alone (Day 1)
Buprenorphine/Naloxone (Suboxone)	59200	42900

Norbuprenorphine: Geometric Mean Steady-state Cmax on Day 1 and on Day 9.

Intervention	[pg/mL] (Geometric Mean)
	NORBUPRENORPHINE with FDV (Day 9)	NORBUPRENORPHINE alone (Day 1)
Buprenorphine/Naloxone (Suboxone)	2080	2010

Pharmacodynamic Assessment of Withdrawal From Either Methadone or Buprenorphine/Naloxone Using the Objective Opiate Withdrawal Scale (OOWS)-Change From Baseline

Intervention	[pg/mL] (Geometric Mean)
	NORBUPRENORPHINE with FDV (Day 9)	NORBUPRENORPHINE alone (Day 1)
Buprenorphine/Naloxone (Suboxone)	3690	2770

The OOWS is conducted by a trained independent examiner for either the presence or absence of the following symptoms during a 10 minute observation period at designated times during the trial. The minimum possible OOWS score is 0 and the maximum possible score is 13. Objective criteria: Yawning, Rhinorrhoea, Piloerection, perspiration, lacrimation, mydriasis, hot and cold flushes, restlessness, vomiting, tremors, anxiety, muscle twitches, abdominal cramps. Higher score indicates increasing severity of opiate withdrawal syndrome. (NCT01637922)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 2, Day 3, Day 4, Day 5, Day 6, Day 7, Day 8, Day 9, Day 10, Day 11, Day 12 and End of treatment

Pharmacodynamic Assessment of Withdrawal From Either Methadone or Buprenorphine/Naloxone Using the Subjective Opiate Withdrawal Scale (SOWS)-Change From Baseline

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
	Day 2	Day 3	Day 4 (N=15,18)	Day 5 (N=15,18)	Day 6 (N=15,18)	Day 7 (N=15,15)	Day 8 (N=15,15)	Day 9 (N=15,15)	Day 10 (N=15,15)	Day 11 (N=15,15)	Day 12 (N=15,15)	End of Treatment (EOT) (N=14,16)
Buprenorphine/Naloxone (Suboxone)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methadone Group	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

The SOWS is a subjective scale self-evaluated by the subject. The SOWS shows items reflecting the common motor, autonomic, gastrointestinal, musculo-skeletal, and psychic symptoms of opiate withdrawal. Subjects are instructed to rate each symptom on a scale of 0 to 4 (0=not at all, 1=a little, 2=moderately, 3=quite a bit, 4=extremely) at designated times [c.f. Section 3.1]. The minimum possible SOWS score is 0, the maximum 64. The following subjective criteria are answered by the subject using the scale below: 1) I feel anxious, 2) I feel like yawning 3) I am perspiring, 4) My eyes are watering, 5) My nose is running, 6) I have goose flesh, 7) I am shaking 8) I have hot flushes, 9) I have cold flushes, 10) My bones and muscles ache, 11) I feel restless, 12) I feel nauseous, 13) I feel like vomiting, 14) My muscles twitch, 15) I have cramps in my stomach, 16) I feel like shooting up now. Higher score indicates increasing severity of opiate withdrawal syndrome. (NCT01637922)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 2, Day 3, Day 4, Day 5, Day 6, Day 7, Day 8, Day 9, Day 10, Day 11, Day 12 and End of treatment

R-methadone: Geometric Mean Steady-state AUC0-24 on Day 1 and on Day 9.

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
	Day 2	Day 3	Day 4 (N=15,18)	Day 5 (N=15,18)	Day 6 (N=15,18)	Day 7 (N=15,15)	Day 8 (N=15,15)	Day 9 (N=15,15)	Day 10 (N=15,15)	Day 11 (N=15,15)	Day 12 (N=15,15)	End of Treatment (EOT) (N=14,16)
Buprenorphine/Naloxone (Suboxone)	-1.0	0.0	0.0	-0.5	-0.5	-1.0	-1.0	-1.0	-1.0	-1.0	-1.0	-1.0
Methadone Group	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

R-methadone: Geometric Mean Steady-state C24hr on Day 1 and on Day 9.

Intervention	[ng*h/mL] (Geometric Mean)
	R-methadone with FDV (Day 9)	R-methadone alone (Day 1)
Methadone Group	6990	5920

R-methadone: Geometric Mean Steady-state Cmax on Day 1 and on Day 9.

Intervention	[ng/mL] (Geometric Mean)
	R-methadone with FDV (Day 9)	R-methadone alone (Day 1)
Methadone Group	235	210

S-methadone: Geometric Mean Steady-state AUC0-24 on Day 1 and on Day 9

Intervention	[ng/ml] (Geometric Mean)
	R-methadone with FDV (Day 9)	R-methadone alone (Day 1)
Methadone Group	393	345

S-methadone: Geometric Mean Steady-state C24hr on Day 1 and on Day 9

Intervention	[ng*h/ml] (Geometric Mean)
	S-methadone with FDV (Day 9)	S-methadone alone (Day 1)
Methadone Group	7610	6470

S-methadone: Geometric Mean Steady-state Cmax on Day 1 and on Day 9

Intervention	[ng/mL] (Geometric Mean)
	S-methadone with FDV (Day 9)	S-methadone alone (Day 1)
Methadone Group	231	207

Mean Reduction Change in Benzodiazepine Use Per Day Based on Time Line Follow Back

Intervention	[ng/mL] (Geometric Mean)
	S-methadone with FDV (Day 9)	S-methadone alone (Day 1)
Methadone Group	474	425

Comparing the mean reduction change in Benzodiazepine use per day when comparing the baseline week prior to study entry to the last week of study participation based on the Time Line Follow Back (NCT00420771)
Timeframe: data collected during 8 weeks of trial or length of participation

Cocaine Use

Intervention	milligrams/day (Mean)
Active Medication	4.0
Placebo	2.3

cocaine urine test results-percent of participants testing positive for cocaine (NCT00378079)
Timeframe: one year post prison release

Criminal Activity

Intervention	percent cocaine positive participants (Number)
1 Counseling Only in Prison	71.9
2 Counseling Only in Prison, With Initiation of Methadone Main	66.6
3 Counseling and Methadone Maintenance in Prison, With Continu	43.2

self reported days of criminal activity (NCT00378079)
Timeframe: one year post prison release

Employment

Intervention	number of days (Mean)
1 Counseling Only in Prison	106.7
2 Counseling Only in Prison, With Initiation of Methadone Main	65.2
3 Counseling and Methadone Maintenance in Prison, With Continu	81.8

number of days employed, past 30 days-self report, assessed one year post-prison release (NCT00378079)
Timeframe: one year

Heroin Use

Intervention	number of days employed, past 30 (Mean)
1 Counseling Only in Prison	12.0
2 Counseling Only in Prison, With Initiation of Methadone Main	10.3
3 Counseling and Methadone Maintenance in Prison, With Continu	8.5

opioid urine test results-percent of participants who were opioid-positive (NCT00378079)
Timeframe: results at one year post prison release

Treatment Retention in the Community

Intervention	% participants opioid positive (Number)
1 Counseling Only in Prison	65.6
2 Counseling Only in Prison, With Initiation of Methadone Main	48.7
3 Counseling and Methadone Maintenance in Prison, With Continu	25.0

days in community treatment (NCT00378079)
Timeframe: one year post prison release

Article	Year
What Is Addiction? History, Terminology, and Core Concepts. The Medical clinics of North America, 2022, Volume: 106, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Analgesics, Opioid; Behavior; Behavior, Addictive; Buprenorphine; Comprehensive Health C	2022
SIDS is associated with prenatal drug use: a meta-analysis and systematic review of 4 238 685 infants. Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition, 2022, Volume: 107, Issue:6 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Cocaine; Female; Humans; Infant; Methadone; Observational Studies as Topic; Preg	2022
On the addictive power of gabapentinoids: a mini-review. Psychiatria Danubina, 2018, Volume: 30, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Amines; Animals; Comorbidity; Craving; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobu	2018
Supervised Injectable Opioid Treatment for the Management of Opioid Dependence. Drugs, 2018, Volume: 78, Issue:13 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Drug Overdose; Follow-Up Studies; Heroin; Humans; Methadone; Opiate Substitution	2018
Medication Treatment For Substance Abuse. Health affairs (Project Hope), 2019, Volume: 38, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Buprenorphine; Female; Humans; Male; Methadone; Naltrexone; Opiate Substitution Treatment; Pa	2019
Spirituality, religiosity, depression, anxiety, and drug-use consequences during methadone maintenance therapy. Western journal of nursing research, 2013, Volume: 35, Issue:6 Topics: Anxiety; Depression; Evidence-Based Nursing; Humans; Methadone; Spirituality; Substance-Related Diso	2013
Review on the demographic and social impact of methadone-medication therapy on Malaysian patients. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2013, Volume: 26, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Employment; Female; Hepatitis C; HIV Infections; Humans; Malaysia; M	2013
Pharmacological interventions for drug-using offenders. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2013, Dec-19, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Buprenorphine; Criminals; Female; Heroin; Humans; Male; Methadone; Naltrexone; Narcotics; Ran	2013
Buprenorphine and methadone for opioid addiction during pregnancy. Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America, 2014, Volume: 41, Issue:2 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Buprenorphine; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Methadone; Neonatal	2014
Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome. Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America, 2014, Volume: 41, Issue:2 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Breast Feeding; Buprenorphine; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Methadone;	2014
Addiction disorders. The Medical clinics of North America, 2014, Volume: 98, Issue:5 Topics: Alcohol Deterrents; Analgesics, Opioid; Buprenorphine; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Comorbidity; Ha	2014
Medications for addiction treatment: an opportunity for prescribing clinicians to facilitate remission from alcohol and opioid use disorders. Rhode Island medical journal (2013), 2014, Oct-01, Volume: 97, Issue:10 Topics: Acamprosate; Analgesics, Opioid; Behavior, Addictive; Buprenorphine; Directive Counseling; Disulfira	2014
Opioid neonatal abstinence syndrome: controversies and implications for practice. Current drug abuse reviews, 2014, Volume: 7, Issue:1 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Leng	2014
Responding to illicit drug use in family practice. Current opinion in psychiatry, 2015, Volume: 28, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Buprenorphine; Chronic Disease; Disease Management; Family Practice; Humans; Ill	2015
Pharmacological interventions for drug-using offenders. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2015, Jun-02, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Buprenorphine; Crime; Criminals; Female; Heroin; Humans; Male; Methadone; Naltrexone; Narcoti	2015
Neuroimaging the Effectiveness of Substance Use Disorder Treatments. Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology, 2016, Volume: 11, Issue:3 Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Craving; Humans; Methadone; Naltrexone; Neur	2016
Pharmacotherapy for Substance Use Disorders. The Medical clinics of North America, 2016, Volume: 100, Issue:4 Topics: Age Factors; Alcohol Deterrents; Alcoholism; Antidepressive Agents; Buprenorphine; Bupropion; Drug T	2016
Impact of Opioid Substitution Therapy on Antiretroviral Therapy Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2016, 10-15, Volume: 63, Issue:8 Topics: Anti-Retroviral Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Buprenorphine; CD4 Lymphocyte Count;	2016
Drug addiction in China. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2008, Volume: 1141 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alcoholism; China; Female; Health Policy; HIV Infections; Humans; Illicit Drugs;	2008
A meta-analysis of retention in methadone maintenance by dose and dosing strategy. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 2009, Volume: 35, Issue:1 Topics: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Methadone; Odds Ratio; Patient Compliance; Randomized Cont	2009
The implications of medication development in the treatment of substance use disorders in developing countries. Current opinion in psychiatry, 2009, Volume: 22, Issue:3 Topics: Acamprosate; Alcohol Deterrents; Alcoholism; Buprenorphine; Comorbidity; Developing Countries; Disul	2009
[Abuse of alcohol and benzodiazepine during substitution therapy in heroin addicts: a review of the literature]. L'Encephale, 2009, Volume: 35, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alcoholism; Benzodiazepines; Buprenorphine; Clonazepam; Clorazepate Dipotassium;	2009
[Opiate replacement therapy in France: assessment of the public policies]. Annales pharmaceutiques francaises, 2009, Volume: 67, Issue:5 Topics: Buprenorphine; France; Health Policy; Humans; Legislation, Medical; Mental Disorders; Methadone; Nar	2009
Prenatal drug exposure: infant and toddler outcomes. Journal of addictive diseases, 2010, Volume: 29, Issue:2 Topics: Buprenorphine; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Cocaine; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Female; Hero	2010
Ethical perspectives in caring for people living with addictions: The European experience. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 2010, Volume: 22, Issue:3 Topics: Europe; Health Promotion; Humans; Mental Health Services; Methadone; Narcotic Antagonists; Needle-Ex	2010
Pharmacotherapies for adolescent substance use disorders. Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America, 2010, Volume: 19, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Alcohol Deterrents; Alcoholism; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Disulfiram; Humans; Marijuana	2010
Drug treatment as HIV prevention: expanding treatment options. Current HIV/AIDS reports, 2010, Volume: 7, Issue:4 Topics: Alcoholism; Buprenorphine; Clinical Protocols; Drug Users; Health Promotion; HIV Infections; Humans;	2010
Drug interactions associated with methadone, buprenorphine, cocaine, and HIV medications: implications for pregnant women. Life sciences, 2011, May-23, Volume: 88, Issue:21-22 Topics: Anti-HIV Agents; Buprenorphine; Cocaine; Drug Interactions; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Methadon	2011
Breaking barriers in the genomics and pharmacogenetics of drug addiction. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2010, Volume: 88, Issue:6 Topics: Genetic Testing; Genetic Variation; Genomics; Humans; Methadone; Naltrexone; Pharmacogenetics; Subst	2010
[Addiction]. Revue medicale suisse, 2011, Jan-12, Volume: 7, Issue:277 Topics: Humans; Methadone; Narcotics; Opiate Substitution Treatment; Patient Compliance; Substance-Related D	2011
Smoking prevalence in addiction treatment: a review. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2011, Volume: 13, Issue:6 Topics: Alcohol-Related Disorders; Behavior, Addictive; Humans; Logistic Models; Methadone; Narcotics; Odds	2011
Drug-related decrease in neuropsychological functions of abstinent drug users. Current drug abuse reviews, 2011, Volume: 4, Issue:1 Topics: Alcoholism; Amphetamine-Related Disorders; Cannabis; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cocaine; Coc	2011
Prescription pain medication dependence. The American journal of psychiatry, 2011, Volume: 168, Issue:5 Topics: Analgesics; Buprenorphine; Humans; Methadone; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Opiate Substitution	2011
[Pregnant opioid addicted patients and additional drug intake. Part I. Toxic effects and therapeutic consequences]. Medizinische Monatsschrift fur Pharmazeuten, 2011, Volume: 34, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Drug Monitoring; Female; Heroin Dependence; Hu	2011
Management of opioid substitution therapy during medical intervention. Internal medicine journal, 2012, Volume: 42, Issue:3 Topics: Analgesics; Australia; Buprenorphine; Comorbidity; Drug Interactions; Female; Humans; Liver Diseases	2012
The effect of abused substances on antenatal and intrapartum fetal testing and well-being. Clinical obstetrics and gynecology, 2013, Volume: 56, Issue:1 Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Biophysical Phenomena; Blood Flow Velocity; Cocaine; Female; Fetal Movement; Heart	2013
Breastfeeding and substance abuse. Clinical obstetrics and gynecology, 2013, Volume: 56, Issue:1 Topics: Breast Feeding; Buprenorphine; Cocaine; Contraindications; Dronabinol; Ethanol; Female; Heroin; Huma	2013
[Pharmacokinetic interactions between methadone and antiretroviral medication in HIV positive patients]. Medicina clinica, 2002, Jul-13, Volume: 119, Issue:6 Topics: Anti-HIV Agents; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Methadone; Narcotics; Substance-Related Disorders; Zido	2002
Pharmacotherapy of addictions. Nature reviews. Drug discovery, 2002, Volume: 1, Issue:9 Topics: Alcoholism; Buprenorphine; Humans; Methadone; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Receptors, Opioid, m	2002
Behavioral couples and family therapy for substance abusers. Current psychiatry reports, 2002, Volume: 4, Issue:5 Topics: Behavior Therapy; Counseling; Family Therapy; Female; Humans; Male; Methadone; Narcotics; Spouse Abu	2002
A triple threat. HIV, mental illness and chemical addiction. Advance for nurse practitioners, 2002, Volume: 10, Issue:9 Topics: Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Mental Disorders; Methadone; Substance-Related Disorders	2002
[Is buprenorphine a potential alternative to methadone for treating pregnant drug users? Inventory of clinical data in the literature]. Annales de medecine interne, 2002, Volume: 153, Issue:7 Suppl Topics: Buprenorphine; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Methadone; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Neonatal	2002
Research findings on psychotherapy of addictive disorders. The American journal on addictions, 2003, Volume: 12, Issue:s2 Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Counseling; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Methadone; Narcotics; Psychotherap	2003
Behavioral health issue brief: pharmacotherapy treatment of alcoholism and drug addiction: overview and bibliography: year end report-2002. Issue brief (Health Policy Tracking Service), 2002, Dec-31 Topics: Alcohol Deterrents; Alcoholism; Analgesics, Opioid; Buprenorphine; Drug Therapy; Humans; Methadone;	2002
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['Treatment of drug-addicted detainees': and advisory report by the Health Council of the Netherlands]. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 2003, Aug-23, Volume: 147, Issue:34 Topics: Coercion; Crime; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Methadone; Netherlands; Prisoners; Psychotro	2003
DRUG ADDICTION: A REVIEW. The Journal of school health, 1964, Volume: 34 Topics: Adolescent; Amphetamine; Amphetamines; Barbiturates; Cannabis; Codeine; Heroin; Humans; Hydromorphon	1964
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Triple diagnosis: dual diagnosis and HIV disease, part 2. The AIDS reader, 2003, Volume: 13, Issue:8 Topics: Anti-HIV Agents; Attitude to Health; Continuity of Patient Care; Cooperative Behavior; Diagnosis, Du	2003
[Therapeutic strategies in schizophrenic drug abuse]. L'Encephale, 2003, Volume: 29, Issue:Pt 2 Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Attitude to Health; Humans; Methadone; Motivation; Narcotics; Patient Acceptan	2003
Pharmacological treatments for substance use disorders. Journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health services, 2004, Volume: 42, Issue:8 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Alcohol Deterrents; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepines; Buprenorphine	2004
Drug addiction maintenance treatment and quality of life measurements. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2004, Volume: 40, Issue:9 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Methadone; Narcotics; Pain Measurement; Pat	2004
Pharmacotherapy for pregnant women with addictions. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2004, Volume: 191, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Behavior, Addictive; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gestat	2004
[Methadone substitution--a scientific review in the context of out-patient therapy in Germany]. Zeitschrift fur arztliche Fortbildung und Qualitatssicherung, 2004, Volume: 98, Issue:8 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Germany; Humans; Methadone; Outpatients; Societies, Medical; Substance-Related D	2004
Medications development: successes and challenges. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 2005, Volume: 108, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Drug Design; Humans; Methadone; Narcotic Antagonists; Substance-Related Disorders	2005
Pharmacotherapy treatment in substance-dependent correctional populations: a review. Substance use & misuse, 2005, Volume: 40, Issue:13-14 Topics: Humans; Methadone; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Prisoners; Substance-Related Disorders	2005
Multimodal drug addiction treatment: a field comparison of methadone and buprenorphine among heroin- and cocaine-dependent patients. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 2006, Volume: 31, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Buprenorphine; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Male; Methadone;	2006
The role of organization and management in substance abuse treatment: Review and roadmap. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 2006, Volume: 31, Issue:3 Topics: Female; Humans; Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations; Male; Methadone; Qual	2006
Harm reduction the key to managing problem drug users. The Practitioner, 2007, Volume: 251, Issue:1694 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Drug Overdose; Harm Reduction; Humans; Methadone; Substance Abuse Detection; Sub	2007
Contingency management for treatment of substance abuse. Annual review of clinical psychology, 2006, Volume: 2 Topics: Alcoholism; Behavior Therapy; Combined Modality Therapy; Counseling; Humans; Methadone; Naltrexone;	2006
Trauma, damage and pleasure: rethinking problematic drug use. The International journal on drug policy, 2008, Volume: 19, Issue:5 Topics: Australia; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Methadone; Narcotics; Pleasure-Pain Princ	2008
Comparison of drug abuse in Germany and China. Acta pharmacologica Sinica, 2007, Volume: 28, Issue:10 Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; China; Drug and Narcotic Control; Geography; Germany; Hepatitis	2007
Treatment of alcohol and other drug dependence. Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society, 2007, Volume: 13, Issue:11 Suppl 2 Topics: Alcoholism; Behavior, Addictive; Comorbidity; Humans; Methadone; Naltrexone; Psychotherapy; Substanc	2007
Drug abuse in China: past, present and future. Cellular and molecular neurobiology, 2008, Volume: 28, Issue:4 Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; China; Disease Outbreaks; Forecasting; History, 19th Century; Hi	2008
Methadone and buprenorphine treatment during pregnancy: what are the effects on infants? Nursing for women's health, 2007, Volume: 11, Issue:6 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Buprenorphine; Female; Fetus; Humans; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn;	2007
[Addiction]. Revue medicale suisse, 2008, Jan-09, Volume: 4, Issue:139 Topics: Gambling; Heart Diseases; Humans; Internet; Marijuana Abuse; Methadone; Substance-Related Disorders	2008
Therapeutic opioids: a ten-year perspective on the complexities and complications of the escalating use, abuse, and nonmedical use of opioids. Pain physician, 2008, Volume: 11, Issue:2 Suppl Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Drug Prescriptions; Forensic Medicine; Humans; Hydrocodone; Methadone; Oxycodone	2008
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Infants of drug-dependent mothers. Seminars in roentgenology, 1983, Volume: 18, Issue:3 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Female; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders; Fetal Growth Retardation; Her	1983
Major medical problems and detoxification treatment of parenteral drug-abusing alcoholics. Advances in alcohol & substance abuse, 1984,Summer, Volume: 3, Issue:4 Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Alcoholism; Homosexuality; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Infe	1984
New insights and treatments: opiate withdrawal and cocaine addiction. Clinical therapeutics, 1984, Volume: 7, Issue:1 Topics: Brain Chemistry; Clonidine; Cocaine; Dopamine; Humans; Methadone; Naltrexone; Norepinephrine; Substa	1984
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Inpatient vs outpatient treatment of alcohol and drug abusers. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 1981, Volume: 8, Issue:3 Topics: Alcoholism; Ambulatory Care; Follow-Up Studies; Hospitalization; Humans; Inpatients; Methadone; Moti	1981
The consequences of prenatal substance use for the developing fetus, newborn, and young child. The International journal of the addictions, 1993, Volume: 28, Issue:13 Topics: Cannabis; Child; Child, Preschool; Congenital Abnormalities; Developmental Disabilities; Female; Hea	1993
Managing illicit drug use. A practical guide. Drugs, 1994, Volume: 47, Issue:3 Topics: Buprenorphine; Counseling; Disulfiram; Humans; Methadone; Methadyl Acetate; Naltrexone; Psychotherap	1994
The behavioral economics of concurrent drug reinforcers: a review and reanalysis of drug self-administration research. Psychopharmacology, 1995, Volume: 118, Issue:3 Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Animals; Cocaine; Eating; Economics; Heroin Dependence; Humans; MEDLINE; Methadone	1995
Methadone maintenance treatment: an update. European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 1995, Volume: 245, Issue:2 Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Age Factors; Crime; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Marital Status;	1995
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Problem drug users: a problem for the GP? The Practitioner, 1994, Volume: 238, Issue:1543 Topics: Family Practice; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Methadone; Substance-Related Disorders	1994
A new look at some old mechanisms in human newborns: taste and tactile determinants of state, affect, and action. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 1994, Volume: 59, Issue:1 Topics: Affect; Crying; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Infant Care; Infant, Newborn; Male; Methadone; Mother-Ch	1994
Bridging species: a new look and new questions. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 1994, Volume: 59, Issue:1 Topics: Female; Humans; Infant Care; Infant, Newborn; Male; Methadone; Mother-Child Relations; Mothers; Preg	1994
Drug abuse screening with immunoassays: unexpected cross-reactivities and other pitfalls. British journal of biomedical science, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:2 Topics: Amphetamine; Barbiturates; Cannabinoids; Cocaine; Cross Reactions; Humans; Immunoassay; Methadone; N	1994
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Hair analysis as a tool for monitoring and managing patients on methadone maintenance. A discussion. Forensic science international, 1993, Volume: 63, Issue:1-3 Topics: Hair; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Methadone; Narcotics; Sensitivity and Specificity; Substance Abuse Dete	1993
The nature and status of drug abuse treatment. Maryland medical journal (Baltimore, Md. : 1985), 1994, Volume: 43, Issue:1 Topics: Crime; Humans; Maryland; Methadone; Opioid-Related Disorders; Substance-Related Disorders; Treatment	1994
Alprazolam and benzodiazepine dependence. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1993, Volume: 54 Suppl Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Alprazolam; Benzodiazepines; Comorbidity; Diazepam; Female; Humans; Incidence; Ma	1993
Treatment of cocaine abusers: issues and perspectives. NIDA research monograph, 1993, Volume: 135 Topics: Cocaine; Humans; Methadone; Psychotherapy; Substance-Related Disorders; Treatment Outcome	1993
Buprenorphine as a pharmacotherapy for cocaine abuse: a review of the evidence. Journal of addictive diseases, 1995, Volume: 14, Issue:3 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Buprenorphine; Cocaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Male;	1995
What is important in drug misuse treatment? Lancet (London, England), 1996, Feb-10, Volume: 347, Issue:8998 Topics: Buprenorphine; Clonidine; Humans; Methadone; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Substance Withdrawal	1996
Prenatal diagnosis of amniotic band syndrome in a methadone user: review of the literature and a case report. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1996, Volume: 8, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Amniotic Band Syndrome; Female; Fetal Diseases; Forearm; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, New	1996
Managing drug misusers--a guide. The Practitioner, 1996, Volume: 240, Issue:1562 Topics: Family Practice; Female; Humans; Male; Methadone; Opioid-Related Disorders; Referral and Consultatio	1996
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Cocaine, dopamine and the endogenous opioid system. Journal of addictive diseases, 1996, Volume: 15, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Brain; Cocaine; Dopamine; Gene Expression Regulation; HIV Infections; Humans; Methadone; Na	1996
Treatment of depressive syndromes in detoxified drug addicts: use of methadone. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 1996, Volume: 50, Issue:6-7 Topics: Affective Disorders, Psychotic; Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Methadone; Opioid-Related Disorder	1996
Pharmacotherapy for opioid and cocaine abuse. The Medical clinics of North America, 1997, Volume: 81, Issue:4 Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Cocaine; Dopamine Agonists; Female; Humans; Methadone; Narcotic Antagonists;	1997
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Mainstreaming methadone maintenance treatment: the role of the family physician. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 1997, Aug-15, Volume: 157, Issue:4 Topics: Canada; Community Mental Health Services; Humans; Methadone; Narcotics; Substance-Related Disorders	1997
Helping patients who misuse drugs. Drug and therapeutics bulletin, 1997, Volume: 35, Issue:3 Topics: Central Nervous System Depressants; Family Practice; Female; Humans; Methadone; Narcotics; Opioid-Re	1997
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Developing a quality of care index for outpatient methadone treatment programmes. Journal of evaluation in clinical practice, 1998, Volume: 4, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Male; Methadone; Narcotics; Outcome Ass	1998
Alcohol and drug dependence: diagnosis and management. The Medical journal of Australia, 1998, Apr-06, Volume: 168, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Medical History Taking; Methadone; Models, Psychological;	1998
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Measuring harm reduction: the effects of needle and syringe exchange programs and methadone maintenance on the ecology of HIV. AIDS (London, England), 1998, Volume: 12 Suppl A Topics: HIV Infections; Humans; Methadone; Needle-Exchange Programs; Program Evaluation; Risk Factors; Subst	1998
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Early development of infants exposed to drugs prenatally. Clinics in perinatology, 1999, Volume: 26, Issue:1 Topics: Alcoholism; Child Abuse; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Cocaine; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Et	1999
Pharmacologic treatments for drug and alcohol dependence. The Psychiatric clinics of North America, 1999, Volume: 22, Issue:2 Topics: Alcohol Deterrents; Alcoholism; Antidepressive Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Carbamazepine; Cocaine-	1999
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Addiction, community and state: a review. The American journal on addictions, 2000,Winter, Volume: 9, Issue:1 Topics: Community Health Services; Humans; Methadone; Narcotics; Policy Making; Public Health; Public Policy	2000
Safe approaches to treating drug addiction. The Practitioner, 2000, Volume: 244, Issue:1610 Topics: Drug Overdose; Family Practice; Humans; Methadone; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Sorp	2000
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The cost-effectiveness of substance abuse treatment. Current psychiatry reports, 1999, Volume: 1, Issue:2 Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Health Care Costs; Humans; Methadone; Narcotics; Quality-Adjusted Life Years;	1999
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The challenging interactions between antiretroviral agents and addiction drugs. American clinical laboratory, 2002, Volume: 21, Issue:3 Topics: Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Drug Interactions; HIV Infections; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Met	2002
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Alcoholism and polydrug abuse in persons on methadone maintenance. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1978, Volume: 311 Topics: Alcoholism; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Methadone; Substance-Related Disorders; United States	1978
[The problem of mutagenic side effects of psychotropic substances. 2. Narcotics and addictive drugs]. Fortschritte der Medizin, 1979, Jan-18, Volume: 97, Issue:3 Topics: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethanol; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lysergic Acid Diethylami	1979
Detection of drugs of abuse by radioimmunoassay: a summary of published data and some new information. Clinical chemistry, 1976, Volume: 22, Issue:6 Topics: Amphetamine; Barbiturates; Cross Reactions; Drug Stability; Glutethimide; Humans; Methadone; Methaqu	1976
Pharmacology of LAAM. NIDA research monograph, 1976, Issue:8 Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Dogs; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Female; Haplorhini; Human	1976
Drug use and abuse. Annual review of psychology, 1975, Volume: 26 Topics: Atrophy; Barbiturates; Brain; Cannabis; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Efficiency; Hallucinogens;	1975
An introduction to drug dependence. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 1975, Volume: Spec No 9 Topics: Alcoholism; Ambulatory Care; Amphetamines; Aversive Therapy; Barbiturates; Cannabis; Follow-Up Studi	1975
The effectiveness of drug treatment. Research publications - Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease, 1992, Volume: 70 Topics: Ambulatory Care; Cocaine; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Methadone; Outcome and P	1992
[Overview of the progress in drug dependence studies--mainly focussing on psychic dependence]. Nihon yakurigaku zasshi. Folia pharmacologica Japonica, 1992, Volume: 100, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Benzodiazepines; Haloperidol; Humans; Limbic System; Methadone; Naloxone; Receptors, Dopami	1992
Accessing additional community resources through case management to meet the needs of methadone clients. NIDA research monograph, 1992, Volume: 127 Topics: Community Health Services; Health Services Accessibility; Health Services Needs and Demand; Health S	1992
New pharmacotherapies for cocaine dependence ... revisited. Archives of general psychiatry, 1992, Volume: 49, Issue:11 Topics: Alcoholism; Cocaine; Desipramine; Disease Models, Animal; Double-Blind Method; Heroin Dependence; Hu	1992
Cocaine use by clients in methadone programs: significance, scope, and behavioral interventions. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 1991, Volume: 8, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Behavior Therapy; Cocaine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Incidence; Methadone;	1991
Reducing illicit drug use among methadone patients. NIDA research monograph, 1991, Volume: 106 Topics: Heroin Dependence; Humans; Methadone; Substance-Related Disorders	1991
Buprenorphine: beyond methadone? Hospital & community psychiatry, 1991, Volume: 42, Issue:4 Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Buprenorphine; Cocaine; Humans; Methadone; Opioid-Related Disord	1991
[Actions and side effects of methadone]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1990, Apr-06, Volume: 115, Issue:14 Topics: Depression; Humans; Methadone; Respiration; Substance-Related Disorders	1990
Alcohol and opioids: possible interactions of clinical importance. Advances in alcohol & substance abuse, 1987,Spring, Volume: 6, Issue:3 Topics: Alcoholism; Animals; Drug Interactions; Ethanol; Euphoria; Humans; Liver; Methadone; Narcotics; Rece	1987
Compulsory treatment: a review of findings. NIDA research monograph, 1988, Volume: 86 Topics: Adult; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Criminal Law; Humans; Jurisprudence; Length of Stay; Male; Methadone;	1988
Immunological approaches to clinical issues in drug abuse. NIDA research monograph, 1988, Volume: 90 Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Methadone; Substance Abuse, Intraveno	1988
Drugs and prisons. The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry, 1987, Volume: 21, Issue:2 Topics: Australia; Crime; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Methadone; Prisons; Substance-Related Disorders	1987
Federal drug abuse policy and minority group issues--reflections of a participant-observer. The International journal of the addictions, 1985, Volume: 20, Issue:1 Topics: Black or African American; Counseling; Crime; Heroin Dependence; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Methado	1985
The drug user as a parent. The International journal of the addictions, 1985, Volume: 20, Issue:1 Topics: Child Development; Child Rearing; Child, Preschool; Curriculum; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newb	1985
The biochemical pharmacology of abused drugs. III. Cannabis, opiates, and synthetic narcotics. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 1974, Volume: 16, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Cannabis; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Columbidae; Cricetinae; Dronabinol; Drug Tolerance	1974
Biochemistry of addiction. Annual review of biochemistry, 1970, Volume: 39 Topics: Animals; Azepines; Brain; Drug Tolerance; Humans; Methadone; Morphinans; Morphine; Opium; Phenazocin	1970
Codeine and its alternates for pain and cough relief . 4. Potential alternates for cough relief. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 1969, Volume: 40, Issue:5 Topics: Alkaloids; Animals; Antitussive Agents; Cats; Codeine; Cough; Dogs; Guinea Pigs; Histamine H1 Antago	1969
Drug therapy: analgetic drugs--the potent analgetics. The New England journal of medicine, 1972, Feb-03, Volume: 286, Issue:5 Topics: Analgesics; Blood Circulation; Fentanyl; Humans; Intestines; Levallorphan; Meperidine; Methadone; Me	1972
Advances in the treatment of drug addiction. The Practitioner, 1972, Volume: 209, Issue:252 Topics: Alcoholism; Amphetamine; Aversive Therapy; Barbiturates; Heroin; Humans; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide;	1972
Drug therapy. Progress in neurology and psychiatry, 1972, Volume: 27 Topics: Affective Symptoms; Antidepressive Agents; Butyrophenones; Cannabis; Clinical Trials as Topic; Human	1972
Methadone treatment of heroin addiction. Annual review of medicine, 1973, Volume: 24 Topics: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Methadone; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Relate	1973
Behavioral treatment of drug addiction: a review and analysis. The International journal of the addictions, 1973, Volume: 8, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anxiety; Aversive Therapy; Behavior Therapy; Conditioning, Classical; Conditionin	1973
The opiates and their derivatives. Texas medicine, 1973, Volume: 69, Issue:6 Topics: Codeine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Tolerance; Hallucinogens; Humans; Methadone; Morphin	1973
Opiate addiction: a critique of theory and some implications for treatment. American journal of psychotherapy, 1974, Volume: 28, Issue:1 Topics: Aggression; Anger; Anxiety; Conditioning, Psychological; Depression; Euphoria; Humans; Methadone; Mo	1974
Methadone. Canadian Medical Association journal, 1973, Oct-06, Volume: 109, Issue:7 Topics: Acetates; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; American Medical Association; Canada; Chemical Phenomena	1973
Narcotic poisoning: a review of the literature. The American journal of psychiatry, 1974, Volume: 131, Issue:8 Topics: Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Drug Contamination; Endocarditis; Heroin Dependence; Humans;	1974
[Methadone program in the USA. Experience and problems]. Medizinische Klinik, 1974, Apr-19, Volume: 69, Issue:16 Topics: Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Germany, West; Heroin Dependence; Humans	1974
Drug abuse: models of treatment and their consequences. International pharmacopsychiatry, 1972, Volume: 7, Issue:1-4 Topics: Community Mental Health Services; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Methadone; Models, Theoretical; Narcoti	1972
Current approaches to the treatment of narcotic addiction. Journal of the National Medical Association, 1969, Volume: 61, Issue:3 Topics: Female; Halfway Houses; Heroin; Humans; Male; Methadone; Narcotic Antagonists; Psychotherapy, Group;	1969

Article	Year
The therapeutic effect of N-acetylcysteine as an add-on to methadone maintenance therapy medication in outpatients with substance use disorders: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Brain and behavior, 2023, Volume: 13, Issue:1 Topics: Acetylcysteine; Adolescent; Adult; Antioxidants; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Methadone; Middle Aged	2023
The therapeutic effect of N-acetylcysteine as an add-on to methadone maintenance therapy medication in outpatients with substance use disorders: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Brain and behavior, 2023, Volume: 13, Issue:1 Topics: Acetylcysteine; Adolescent; Adult; Antioxidants; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Methadone; Middle Aged	2023
The therapeutic effect of N-acetylcysteine as an add-on to methadone maintenance therapy medication in outpatients with substance use disorders: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Brain and behavior, 2023, Volume: 13, Issue:1 Topics: Acetylcysteine; Adolescent; Adult; Antioxidants; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Methadone; Middle Aged	2023
The therapeutic effect of N-acetylcysteine as an add-on to methadone maintenance therapy medication in outpatients with substance use disorders: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Brain and behavior, 2023, Volume: 13, Issue:1 Topics: Acetylcysteine; Adolescent; Adult; Antioxidants; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Methadone; Middle Aged	2023
Stigma experienced by people living with HIV who are on methadone maintenance treatment and have symptoms of common mental disorders in Hanoi, Vietnam: a qualitative study. AIDS research and therapy, 2022, 12-14, Volume: 19, Issue:1 Topics: HIV Infections; Humans; Mental Disorders; Methadone; Qualitative Research; Social Stigma; Substance-	2022
Stigma experienced by people living with HIV who are on methadone maintenance treatment and have symptoms of common mental disorders in Hanoi, Vietnam: a qualitative study. AIDS research and therapy, 2022, 12-14, Volume: 19, Issue:1 Topics: HIV Infections; Humans; Mental Disorders; Methadone; Qualitative Research; Social Stigma; Substance-	2022
Stigma experienced by people living with HIV who are on methadone maintenance treatment and have symptoms of common mental disorders in Hanoi, Vietnam: a qualitative study. AIDS research and therapy, 2022, 12-14, Volume: 19, Issue:1 Topics: HIV Infections; Humans; Mental Disorders; Methadone; Qualitative Research; Social Stigma; Substance-	2022
Stigma experienced by people living with HIV who are on methadone maintenance treatment and have symptoms of common mental disorders in Hanoi, Vietnam: a qualitative study. AIDS research and therapy, 2022, 12-14, Volume: 19, Issue:1 Topics: HIV Infections; Humans; Mental Disorders; Methadone; Qualitative Research; Social Stigma; Substance-	2022
Linkage to hepatitis C care after incarceration in jail: a prospective, single arm clinical trial. BMC infectious diseases, 2019, Aug-08, Volume: 19, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Community Health Services; Continuity of Patient Care; Female; Hepatitis C; Hispanic or Latin	2019
Using ecological momentary assessments to predict relapse after adult substance use treatment. Addictive behaviors, 2018, Volume: 82 Topics: Adult; Affective Symptoms; Ambulatory Care; Chicago; Craving; Ecological Momentary Assessment; Femal	2018
The impact of methadone maintenance therapy on access to regular physician care regarding hepatitis C among people who inject drugs. PloS one, 2018, Volume: 13, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; British Columbia; Delivery of Health Care; Female; Hepatitis C; Humans; Male; Met	2018
Relapse prevention: Using sound to reduce the probability of recidivism and suffering following detoxification. Medical hypotheses, 2018, Volume: 118 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Behavior, Addictive; Brain; Female; Florida; Humans; Male; Methadone; Mid	2018
A randomized clinical trial of the Recovery Line among methadone treatment patients with ongoing illicit drug use. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 2019, Volume: 97 Topics: Adult; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Male;	2019
"Damaging what wasn't damaged already": psychological tension and antiretroviral adherence among HIV-infected methadone-maintained drug users. AIDS care, 2013, Volume: 25, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Directly Observed Therapy; Eva	2013
Viral hepatitis among drug users in methadone maintenance: associated factors, vaccination outcomes, and interventions. Journal of addictive diseases, 2014, Volume: 33, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Hepatitis A; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C; Humans; Male; Methadone; Middle Aged; Ne	2014
Effect of steady-state faldaprevir on the pharmacokinetics of steady-state methadone and buprenorphine-naloxone in subjects receiving stable addiction management therapy. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2015, Volume: 59, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Buprenorphine; Buprenorphine, Naloxone Drug Comb	2015
Mental symptoms and drug use in maintenance treatment with slow-release oral morphine compared to methadone: results of a randomized crossover study. European addiction research, 2015, Volume: 21, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Behavioral Symptoms; Cross-Over Studies; Delayed-Acti	2015
Substance use and response to psychiatric treatment in methadone-treated outpatients with comorbid psychiatric disorder. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 2015, Volume: 51 Topics: Adult; Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); Female; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Methadone; Middle Aged;	2015
A mixed-methods evaluation of the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a mobile intervention for methadone maintenance clients. Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors, 2016, Volume: 30, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Feasibility Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Methadone; Middle Aged; Opiate Substitution Treatm	2016
Pilot trial of gabapentin for the treatment of benzodiazepine abuse or dependence in methadone maintenance patients. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 2016, Volume: 42, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amines; Benzodiazepines; Combined Modality Therapy; Cyclohexanecarboxylic A	2016
Screening and Brief Interventions for Illicit Drug Use and Alcohol Use in Methadone Maintained Opiate-Dependent Patients: Results of a Pilot Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial Feasibility Study. Substance use & misuse, 2016, 07-28, Volume: 51, Issue:9 Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Feasibility Studies; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Methadone; Opiate Alkaloids; Pilot Pro	2016
Faster entry into HIV care among HIV-infected drug users who had been in drug-use treatment programs. Drug and alcohol dependence, 2016, Aug-01, Volume: 165 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Demography; Drug Users; Female; Health Services Accessibility; HIV Infections; Hu	2016
Long-term effects of the Focus on Families project on substance use disorders among children of parents in methadone treatment. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2008, Volume: 103, Issue:12 Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child of Impaired Parents; Child, Preschool; Family Health; Female; Follow-Up Stu	2008
Motivational and skills training HIV/sexually transmitted infection sexual risk reduction groups for men. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 2009, Volume: 37, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Follow-Up Studies; Health Education; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; HIV Infections; H	2009
A randomized effectiveness trial of methadone, TENS and methadone plus TENS in management of opiate withdrawal symptoms. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2008, Volume: 58, Issue:12 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Analysis of Variance; Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; Male; Methadone; Opioid	2008
Memory function in opioid-dependent patients treated with methadone or buprenorphine along with benzodiazepine: longitudinal change in comparison to healthy individuals. Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy, 2009, Apr-17, Volume: 4 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Benzodiazepines; Buprenorphine; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combinat	2009
Rationale, design, and sample characteristics of a randomized controlled trial of directly observed antiretroviral therapy delivered in methadone clinics. Contemporary clinical trials, 2009, Volume: 30, Issue:5 Topics: Ambulatory Care Facilities; Analgesics, Opioid; Anti-HIV Agents; Directly Observed Therapy; Female;	2009
Substance use, childhood sexual abuse, and sexual risk behavior among women in methadone treatment. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 2009, Volume: 35, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Child; Child Abuse, Sexual; Female; Humans; Methadone; Narcotic Antagonists; Patient Selectio	2009
Visual representation tools for improving addiction treatment outcomes. Journal of psychoactive drugs, 2009, Volume: 41, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Audiovisual Aids; Counseling; Female; Humans; Male; Methadone; Substance-Related Disorders; T	2009
Factors associated with uptake of treatment for recent hepatitis C virus infection in a predominantly injecting drug user cohort: The ATAHC Study. Drug and alcohol dependence, 2010, Mar-01, Volume: 107, Issue:2-3 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Antiviral Agents; Australia; Cohort Studies; Female; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis C;	2010
Reducing sex under the influence of drugs or alcohol for patients in substance abuse treatment. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2010, Volume: 105, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; HIV Infections; Humans; Logi	2010
Predictors of HAV/HBV vaccination completion among methadone maintenance clients. Research in nursing & health, 2010, Volume: 33, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; California; Chi-Square Distribution; Counseling; Female; Health Promotion; Hepatitis A Vaccin	2010
Improved HIV and substance abuse treatment outcomes for released HIV-infected prisoners: the impact of buprenorphine treatment. Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 2010, Volume: 87, Issue:4 Topics: Anti-Retroviral Agents; Buprenorphine; Buprenorphine, Naloxone Drug Combination; CD4 Lymphocyte Coun	2010
Substance use and high risk sexual behaviors among women in psychosocial outpatient and methadone maintenance treatment programs. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 2009, Volume: 35, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Attitude to Health; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Health Surveys; Humans; Me	2009
Randomized trial of enhanced profiling in substance abuse treatment. Administration and policy in mental health, 2011, Volume: 38, Issue:2 Topics: Continuity of Patient Care; Humans; Medical Audit; Mental Health Services; Methadone; Opiate Substit	2011
Benzodiazepine use among patients in heroin-assisted vs. methadone maintenance treatment: findings of the German randomized controlled trial. Drug and alcohol dependence, 2010, Dec-01, Volume: 112, Issue:3 Topics: Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepines; Drug Prescriptions; Female; Germany; Heroin; Heroin Dependence	2010
QT interval prolongation: prevalence, risk factors and pharmacovigilance data among methadone-treated patients in France. Fundamental & clinical pharmacology, 2011, Volume: 25, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Death, Sudden; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Female; France; Heart Diseases; Humans; Long QT Syndro	2011
Directly observed antiretroviral therapy in substance abusers receiving methadone maintenance therapy does not cause increased drug resistance. AIDS research and human retroviruses, 2011, Volume: 27, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Amino Acid Substitution; Analgesics, Opioid; Anti-HIV Agents; Directly Observed Therapy; Drug	2011
Outpatient versus inpatient opioid detoxification: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 2011, Volume: 40, Issue:1 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Clonidine; Female; Heroin; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Inpatients; Male; Methadon	2011
Supervised daily consumption, contingent take-home incentive and non-contingent take-home in methadone maintenance. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 2011, Mar-30, Volume: 35, Issue:2 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Comorbidity; Crime; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Heroin; Heroin Depende	2011
Behavioral drug and HIV risk reduction counseling (BDRC) in MMT programs in Wuhan, China: a pilot randomized clinical trial. Drug and alcohol dependence, 2011, Jun-01, Volume: 115, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; China; Counseling; Female; Heroin Dependence; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Mal	2011
Behavioral drug and HIV risk reduction counseling (BDRC) in MMT programs in Wuhan, China: a pilot randomized clinical trial. Drug and alcohol dependence, 2011, Jun-01, Volume: 115, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; China; Counseling; Female; Heroin Dependence; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Mal	2011
Behavioral drug and HIV risk reduction counseling (BDRC) in MMT programs in Wuhan, China: a pilot randomized clinical trial. Drug and alcohol dependence, 2011, Jun-01, Volume: 115, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; China; Counseling; Female; Heroin Dependence; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Mal	2011
Behavioral drug and HIV risk reduction counseling (BDRC) in MMT programs in Wuhan, China: a pilot randomized clinical trial. Drug and alcohol dependence, 2011, Jun-01, Volume: 115, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; China; Counseling; Female; Heroin Dependence; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Mal	2011
Effectiveness of intervention on improvement of drug use among methadone maintained adults. Journal of addictive diseases, 2011, Volume: 30, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Female; Health Promotion; Humans; Interview, Psychological; Male; Methadone; Middle Aged; Opi	2011
Conducting peer outreach to migrants: outcomes for drug treatment patients. Journal of immigrant and minority health, 2012, Volume: 14, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Community-Institutional Relations; Emigrants and Immigrants; Female; Hispanic or Latino; HIV	2012
Smoking cessation treatment among patients in community-based substance abuse rehabilitation programs: exploring predictors of outcome as clues toward treatment improvement. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 2011, Volume: 37, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Alcoholism; Community Health Services; Ethnicity; Female; Humans; Male; Methadon	2011
Lack of sustained improvement in adherence or viral load following a directly observed antiretroviral therapy intervention. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2011, Volume: 53, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Cohort Studies; Directly Observed The	2011
Rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial of directly observed hepatitis C treatment delivered in methadone clinics. BMC infectious diseases, 2011, Nov-12, Volume: 11 Topics: Adult; Antiviral Agents; Directly Observed Therapy; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hepatitis C;	2011
A randomized trial of methadone initiation prior to release from incarceration. Substance abuse, 2012, Volume: 33, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Male; Methadone; Op	2012
Impact of adherence counseling dose on antiretroviral adherence and HIV viral load among HIV-infected methadone maintained drug users. AIDS care, 2012, Volume: 24, Issue:7 Topics: Anti-HIV Agents; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Directly Observed Therapy; Drug Users; Female; HIV Se	2012
Contingent incentives reduce cigarette smoking among pregnant, methadone-maintained women: results of an initial feasibility and efficacy randomized clinical trial. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2012, Volume: 107, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Behavior Therapy; Carbon Monoxide; Feasibility Studies; Female; Humans; Methadone; Motivation	2012
Illicit drug use among pregnant women enrolled in treatment for cigarette smoking cessation. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2013, Volume: 15, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Benzodiazepines; Cannabis; Cocaine; Demography; Female; Humans; Illicit D	2013
A randomised, controlled trial of fluoxetine in methadone maintenance patients with depressive symptoms. Journal of affective disorders, 2002, Volume: 72, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Comorbidity; Depression; Female; Fluoxetine; Humans; Male; Methadone;	2002
Detoxification of opiate addicts with multiple drug abuse: a comparison of buprenorphine vs. methadone. Pharmacopsychiatry, 2002, Volume: 35, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Buprenorphine; Carbamazepine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Sched	2002
Smoking cessation in methadone maintenance. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2002, Volume: 97, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Methadone; Middle Aged; Narcotics; Nicotine; Smoking;	2002
Effects of reinforcer magnitude on data-entry productivity in chronically unemployed drug abusers participating in a Therapeutic Workplace. Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology, 2003, Volume: 11, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Conditioning, Operant; Curriculum; Efficiency; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Methadone;	2003
Methadone maintenance treatment and St. John's Wort - a case report. Pharmacopsychiatry, 2003, Volume: 36, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Depressive Disorder; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans	2003
Treatment of benzodiazepine dependence in methadone maintenance treatment patients: a comparison of two therapeutic modalities and the role of psychiatric comorbidity. The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry, 2003, Volume: 37, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Benzodiazepines; Chi-Square Distribution; Clonazepam; Comorbidity; Female; H	2003
Do noncontingent vouchers increase drug use? Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology, 2003, Volume: 11, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Logistic Models;	2003
The effect of sertraline and environmental context on treating depression and illicit substance use among methadone maintained opiate dependent patients: a controlled clinical trial. Drug and alcohol dependence, 2004, May-10, Volume: 74, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Depression; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Double-Blind Method; Envir	2004
Directly observed therapy for the management of HIV-infected patients in a methadone program. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2004, Jun-01, Volume: 38 Suppl 5 Topics: Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cocaine-Related Disord	2004
Directly administered antiretroviral therapy in an urban methadone maintenance clinic: a nonrandomized comparative study. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2004, Jun-01, Volume: 38 Suppl 5 Topics: Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Directly Observed Therapy; Drug Thera	2004
A prospective controlled study of interferon-based therapy of chronic hepatitis C in patients on methadone maintenance. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2004, Volume: 40, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Antiviral Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Human	2004
Urine labeling with orally applied marker substances in drug substitution therapy. Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine, 2004, Volume: 42, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Humans; Male; Methadone;	2004
Effect of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of total, R-, and S-methadone. Pharmacotherapy, 2004, Volume: 24, Issue:8 Topics: Adenine; Adult; Area Under Curve; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Confidence Intervals; Drug I	2004
Behavioral contingencies improve counseling attendance in an adaptive treatment model. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 2004, Volume: 27, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Ambulatory Care; Baltimore; Behavior Therapy; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Comorbid	2004
Linking female sex workers with substance abuse treatment. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 2004, Volume: 27, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Community-Institutional Relations; Counseling; Data Interpretation, Statistical;	2004
Randomized clinical trial to compare the effects of methadone and buprenorphine on the immune system in drug abusers. Psychopharmacology, 2005, Volume: 179, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Buprenorphine; Cytokines; Female; Humans; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; Male; Methadone; Subs	2005
Gender differences among HIV-positive methadone maintenance patients enrolled in a medication adherence trial. AIDS care, 2005, Volume: 17, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); Female;	2005
Randomized trial of drug abuse treatment-linkage strategies. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 2005, Volume: 73, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Case Management; Female; Health Status; Humans; Male; Methadone; Narcotics; Substance-Related	2005
Effects of lower-cost incentives on stimulant abstinence in methadone maintenance treatment: a National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network study. Archives of general psychiatry, 2006, Volume: 63, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Alcohol-Related Disorders; Analgesics, Opioid; Behavior Therapy; Central Nervous System Stimu	2006
Interactions on mixing diazepam with methadone or buprenorphine in maintenance patients. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 2006, Volume: 26, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Buprenorphine; Diazepam; Double-Blind Method; Drug Interactions; Female; Heroin D	2006
A controlled study of a spirituality-focused intervention for increasing motivation for HIV prevention among drug users. AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education, 2006, Volume: 18, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Cohort Studies; Confidence Intervals; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; M	2006
An integrated relapse prevention and relationship safety intervention for women on methadone: testing short-term effects on intimate partner violence and substance use. Violence and victims, 2006, Volume: 21, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Battered Women; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Methadone; Middle	2006
A randomized clinical trial of methadone maintenance for prisoners: results at 1-month post-release. Drug and alcohol dependence, 2007, Dec-01, Volume: 91, Issue:2-3 Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Baltimore; Cocaine; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Follow-Up Studies; Heroin Depend	2007
Cost-effectiveness of prize-based contingency management in methadone maintenance treatment programs. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2007, Volume: 102, Issue:9 Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Counseling; Female; Humans; Male; Methadone; Narcotics; Patient Acceptance of	2007
Abstinence-based incentives in methadone maintenance: interaction with intake stimulant test results. Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology, 2007, Volume: 15, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Confidence Intervals; Demography; Female; Humans; Male; Methadone; Middle	2007
Melatonin for perceived sleep disturbances associated with benzodiazepine withdrawal among patients in methadone maintenance treatment: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2007, Volume: 102, Issue:12 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepines; Central Nervous System Depressants; Circad	2007
Naltrexone precipitated opiate withdrawal in methadone addicted human subjects: evidence for noradrenergic hyperactivity. Life sciences, 1984, Sep-17, Volume: 35, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Brain; Female; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Methadone; Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol;	1984
Effects of methadone on human cigarette smoking and subjective ratings. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1984, Volume: 229, Issue:3 Topics: Dextromethorphan; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Male; Methadone; Narcotics; Pupil; Smoki	1984
Administration of meptazinol to opiate-dependent patients. Postgraduate medical journal, 1983, Volume: 59 Suppl 1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azepines; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Meptazinol; Methadone; Opioi	1983
Alcoholism as a risk factor in methadone maintenance. A randomized controlled trial. The American journal of medicine, 1982, Volume: 73, Issue:5 Topics: Alcoholism; Drinking Behavior; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Male; Methadone; Risk; Substance-R	1982
Intravenous infusion of beta-endorphin increases serum prolactin, but not growth hormone or cortisol, in depressed subjects and withdrawing methadone addicts. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1980, Volume: 50, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Depression; Double-Blind Method; Endorphins; Female; Growth Hormone; Humans; Hydrocortisone;	1980
Excessive urinary excretion of zinc in drug addicts: a preliminary study during methadone detoxification. Journal of trace elements and electrolytes in health and disease, 1994, Volume: 8, Issue:3-4 Topics: Female; Humans; Inactivation, Metabolic; Male; Methadone; Substance-Related Disorders; Zinc	1994
The opiate addiction test: a clinical evaluation of a quick test for physical dependence on opiate drugs. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 1995, Volume: 39, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Methadone; Middle Aged; Mydriasis; Naloxone; Narcotics; Pupil; Substanc	1995
Buprenorphine versus methadone in the treatment of opioid-dependent cocaine users. Psychopharmacology, 1994, Volume: 116, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Buprenorphine; Cocaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Fe	1994
Neurobehavioral treatment for cocaine-using methadone patients: a preliminary report. Journal of addictive diseases, 1994, Volume: 13, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Care; Cocaine; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Combined Modality Therapy; Comorbidit	1994
Case management within a methadone maintenance program. A research demonstration project for HIV risk reduction. Journal of case management, 1994,Winter, Volume: 3, Issue:4 Topics: HIV Infections; Humans; Los Angeles; Managed Care Programs; Methadone; Patient Care Planning; Risk F	1994
Methadone dosing and pregnancy: impact on program compliance. The International journal of the addictions, 1995, Volume: 30, Issue:2 Topics: Ambulatory Care; Cocaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Hu	1995
Node-link mapping for counseling cocaine users in methadone treatment. Journal of substance abuse, 1994, Volume: 6, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Cocaine; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Combined Modality Therapy; Communication; Follow-Up St	1994
A comparison of abstinence-oriented and indefinite methadone maintenance treatment. The International journal of the addictions, 1994, Volume: 29, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Amphetamines; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepines; Cohort Studies; Dose-Response Relationshi	1994
Reduction of opiate withdrawal-like symptoms by cocaine abuse during methadone and buprenorphine maintenance. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 1994, Volume: 20, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Buprenorphine; Cocaine; Comorbidity; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; D	1994
The role of node-link mapping in individual and group counseling. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 1994, Volume: 20, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Cocaine; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Combined Modality Therapy; Comorbidity; Cr	1994
Therapeutic community methods in methadone maintenance (Passages): an open clinical trial. Drug and alcohol dependence, 1995, Volume: 37, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Cocaine; Comorbidity; Crime; Day Care, Medical; Female; Heroin Dependence; HIV Infections; Hu	1995
Comparison of buprenorphine and methadone in the treatment of opioid dependence. The American journal of psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 151, Issue:7 Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Sublingual; Adult; Buprenorphine; Cocaine; Comorbidity; Double	1994
Antisocial personality disorder as a prognostic factor for pharmacotherapy of cocaine dependence. Drug and alcohol dependence, 1994, Volume: 35, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Amantadine; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Cocaine; Combined Modality Therapy; Comorbidity;	1994
Desipramine treatment for cocaine dependence. Role of antisocial personality disorder. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 1994, Volume: 182, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Cocaine; Comorbidity; Desipramine; Humans; Male; Methadone;	1994
Buprenorphine for benzodiazepine-abusing heroin addicts. The American journal of psychiatry, 1994, Volume: 151, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Sublingual; Benzodiazepines; Buprenorphine; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Methadone; Na	1994
Drug abuse treatment programs as centers for HIV-related research and treatment. Journal of addictive diseases, 1993, Volume: 12, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ethnicity; Female; Health Promotion; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Information Syst	1993
Providing medical care to methadone clinic patients: referral vs on-site care. American journal of public health, 1994, Volume: 84, Issue:2 Topics: Female; Health Services; HIV Infections; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Methadone; Referral and Consult	1994
Fluoxetine for cocaine dependence in methadone maintenance: quantitative plasma and urine cocaine/benzoylecgonine concentrations. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 1993, Volume: 13, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Cocaine; Female; Fluoxetine; Humans; Male; Methadone; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Psych	1993
Dose-response effects of methadone in the treatment of opioid dependence. Annals of internal medicine, 1993, Jul-01, Volume: 119, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Cocaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Methado	1993
Amantadine does not reduce cocaine use or craving in cocaine-dependent methadone maintenance patients. Drug and alcohol dependence, 1995, Volume: 39, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Amantadine; Cocaine; Dopamine Agonists; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method	1995
Mazindol for relapse prevention to cocaine abuse in methadone-maintained patients. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 1995, Volume: 21, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Cocaine; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; H	1995
A review of factors affecting treatment outcomes: Expected Treatment Outcome Scale. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 1995, Volume: 21, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Ethanol; Female; Humans; Male; Methadone; Narcotic Antagonists; Prognosis; Prospective Studie	1995
A controlled trial comparing buprenorphine and methadone maintenance in opioid dependence. Archives of general psychiatry, 1996, Volume: 53, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Buprenorphine; Cocaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administr	1996
Sustained cocaine abstinence in methadone maintenance patients through voucher-based reinforcement therapy. Archives of general psychiatry, 1996, Volume: 53, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Behavior Therapy; Cocaine; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Humans; Male; Methadone; Substa	1996
Psychiatric comorbidity: prevalence in methadone maintenance treatment. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 1996, Volume: 22, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Anxiety Disorders; Comorbidity; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Methadone; Mood Diso	1996
Urine toxicology as an outcome measure in drug abuse clinical trials: must every sample be analyzed? Journal of addictive diseases, 1996, Volume: 15, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Buprenorphine; Female; Humans; Male; Methadone; Middle Aged; Narcotics; S	1996
Enhancement of cocaine's abuse liability in methadone maintenance patients. Psychopharmacology, 1996, Volume: 123, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Body Temperature; Cocaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Eye; Heart Rate;	1996
A multicenter trial of bupropion for cocaine dependence in methadone-maintained patients. Drug and alcohol dependence, 1995, Volume: 40, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Bupropion; Cocaine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Methadone; Placebos; Severity	1995
Effectiveness of a specialized women's intervention in a residential treatment program. Substance use & misuse, 1996, Volume: 31, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Female; Humans; Methadone; Residential Facilities; Self Concept; Substa	1996
Threshold models in a methadone programme evaluation. Statistics in medicine, 1996, Oct-30, Volume: 15, Issue:20 Topics: Australia; Benzodiazepines; Cocaine; Heroin; HIV Infections; Humans; Methadone; Models, Statistical;	1996
Changes in HIV risk behavior among injecting drug users: the impact of 21 versus 90 days of methadone detoxification. AIDS (London, England), 1996, Volume: 10, Issue:14 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Follow-Up Studies; HIV Infections; Humans; Methadone; Risk-Taking; Substance Abu	1996
Outcome of a second episode of methadone maintenance. Drug and alcohol dependence, 1996, Dec-11, Volume: 43, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Methadone; Random Allocation; Substance-Related Disorders; Treatment Ou	1996
Patterns and predictors of cocaine and crack use by clients in standard and enhanced methadone maintenance treatment. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 1997, Volume: 23, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Case Management; Cocaine; Combined Modality Therapy; Comorbidity; Crack Cocaine; Female; Foll	1997
Cocaine use immediately prior to entry in an inpatient heroin detoxification unit as a predictor of discharges against medical advice. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 1997, Volume: 23, Issue:2 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Analysis of Variance; Antiemetics; Cocaine; Counseling; Dextropropoxyphene; Diaz	1997
Dose dependent effects of yohimbine on methadone maintained patients. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 1997, Volume: 23, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-	1997
Buprenorphine and naloxone interactions in methadone maintenance patients. Biological psychiatry, 1997, Jun-01, Volume: 41, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Buprenorphine; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Male; Methadone;	1997
Reinforcing operants other than abstinence in drug abuse treatment: an effective alternative for reducing drug use. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 1997, Volume: 65, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Methadone; Middle Aged; Narcotics; Reinforcement, Psychology; Substance	1997
Stages and processes of change as predictors of drug use among methadone maintenance patients. Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology, 1997, Volume: 5, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Male; Methadone; Middle Aged; Predictive Valu	1997
The validity of self-reported cocaine use in two high-risk populations. NIDA research monograph, 1997, Volume: 167 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biological Assay; Cocaine; Crime; Female; Hair; Humans; Male; Methadone; Reproduc	1997
[The effect of discontinuing intravenous opiate injections and methadone treatment on the status of the immune system in narcotic abusers with HIV]. Polski tygodnik lekarski (Warsaw, Poland : 1960), 1996, Volume: 51, Issue:23-26 Topics: Adult; CD4-CD8 Ratio; Female; Heroin Dependence; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Methadone; Narcotics;	1996
Buprenorphine vs methadone maintenance treatment for concurrent opioid dependence and cocaine abuse. Archives of general psychiatry, 1997, Volume: 54, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Buprenorphine; Cocaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administr	1997
Attendance incentives for outpatient treatment: effects in methadone- and nonmethadone-maintained pregnant drug dependent women. Drug and alcohol dependence, 1997, Oct-25, Volume: 48, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ambulatory Care; Black or African American; Cocaine; Female; Humans; Infant, Newb	1997
Formulation and stability of naltrexone oral liquid for rapid withdrawal from methadone. The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 1997, Volume: 31, Issue:11 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Drug Compounding; Drug Stability; Female; Humans; Male; Methadone; Nalt	1997
Prognostic factors in Buprenorphine- versus methadone-maintained patients. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 1998, Volume: 186, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Benzodiazepines; Buprenorphine; Cocaine-Related	1998
An intervention for changing high-risk HIV behaviors of African American drug-dependent women. Research in nursing & health, 1998, Volume: 21, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Black or African American; Female; Health Behavior; HIV Infections; Humans; Methadone; Narcot	1998
Accelerated lofexidine treatment regimen compared with conventional lofexidine and methadone treatment for in-patient opiate detoxification. Drug and alcohol dependence, 1998, May-01, Volume: 50, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Chi-Square Distribution; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D	1998
L-Methadone and D,L-methadone in methadone maintenance treatment: a comparison of therapeutic effectiveness and plasma concentrations. European addiction research, 1998, Volume: 4, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Double-Blind Method; Drug Monitoring; Female; Humans; Isomerism; Male; Methadone; Narcotics;	1998
Differences between general practitioner- and addiction centre-prescribed buprenorphine substitution therapy in France. Preliminary results. European addiction research, 1998, Volume: 4 Suppl 1 Topics: Adult; Buprenorphine; Family Practice; Follow-Up Studies; France; Humans; Methadone; Narcotics; Pros	1998
Abuse liability of flunitrazepam among methadone-maintained patients. Psychopharmacology, 1998, Volume: 140, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Blood Pressure; Body Temperature; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Metho	1998
Contingent reinforcement sustains post-detoxification abstinence from multiple drugs: a preliminary study with methadone patients. Drug and alcohol dependence, 1999, Mar-01, Volume: 54, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Benzodiazepines; Cocaine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Inactivation, Metabolic; Male; M	1999
Comparison of methadone and slow-release morphine maintenance in pregnant addicts. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 1999, Volume: 94, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Delayed-Action Preparations; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Methadone; Morphine	1999
An experimental intervention with families of substance abusers: one-year follow-up of the focus on families project. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 1999, Volume: 94, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child of Impaired Parents; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Family Therap	1999
Characteristics of benzodiazepine abuse in methadone maintenance treatment patients: a 1 year prospective study in an Israeli clinic. Drug and alcohol dependence, 1999, Jun-01, Volume: 55, Issue:1-2 Topics: Adult; Benzodiazepines; Humans; Israel; Methadone; Motivation; Narcotics; Prevalence; Prospective St	1999
Oral and intravenous methadone use: some clinical and pharmacokinetic aspects. Drug and alcohol dependence, 1999, Jun-01, Volume: 55, Issue:1-2 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; Depressive Disorder; Dose-Response Rela	1999
Contingency contracting with monetary reinforcers for abstinence from multiple drugs in a methadone program. Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology, 1999, Volume: 7, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Male; Methadone; M	1999
Forms of knowledge, cognitive impairment and drug abuse: a demonstration. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 2000, Volume: 24, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Cognition Disorders; Female; Humans; Knowledge; Male; Methadone; M	2000
Associations between tobacco smoking and illicit drug use among methadone-maintained opiate-dependent individuals. Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology, 2000, Volume: 8, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Methadone; Narcotics; Opioid-Related Disorde	2000
Fluvoxamine and fluoxetine do not interact in the same way with the metabolism of the enantiomers of methadone. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 1997, Volume: 17, Issue:2 Topics: Fluoxetine; Fluvoxamine; Humans; Methadone; Narcotics; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Stat	1997
A reinforcement-based therapeutic workplace for the treatment of drug abuse: six-month abstinence outcomes. Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology, 2001, Volume: 9, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Methadone; Narcotics; Pregnancy	2001
Paradoxical activation of major platelet receptors in the methadone-maintained patients after single pill of aspirin. Thrombosis research, 2001, Nov-15, Volume: 104, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aspirin; Coronary Artery Disease; Drug Interactions; Female; Humans; Male; Methadone; Middle	2001
[Withdrawal syndromes of newborns of pregnant drug abusers maintained under methadone or high-dose buprenorphine: 246 cases]. Annales de medecine interne, 2001, Volume: 152 Suppl 7 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Buprenorphine; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Methadone; Morphine; Neonatal Ab	2001
Drug-seeking behavior during methadone maintenance. Psychopharmacologia, 1975, Volume: 41, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Hydromorphone; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Metha	1975
Outpatient vs hospital methadone detoxification: an experimental comparison. The International journal of the addictions, 1975, Volume: 10, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Ambulatory Care; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Costs and Cost Analysis;	1975
Clonidine blocks acute opiate-withdrawal symptoms. Lancet (London, England), 1978, Sep-16, Volume: 2, Issue:8090 Topics: Acute Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Evaluation; Follow-Up	1978
Multimodality treatment of narcotic addiction: an overview. NIDA research monograph, 1978, Issue:19 Topics: Ambulatory Care; Behavior Therapy; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dextropropoxyphene; Double-Blind Method	1978
Human pharmacology and abuse potential of the analgesic buprenorphine: a potential agent for treating narcotic addiction. Archives of general psychiatry, 1978, Volume: 35, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Buprenorphine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Do	1978
Detoxification from methadone maintenance: double-blind comparison of two methods. Drug and alcohol dependence, 1978, Volume: 3, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Methadone; Substance Wit	1978
Performance differences between addicts and non-addicts. Psychopharmacology, 1977, May-09, Volume: 52, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Male; Methadone; Reaction Time; Substance-R	1977
Self-regulation of dose in methadone maintenance with contingent privileges. Addictive behaviors, 1979, Volume: 4, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Amphetamine; Barbiturates; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans; M	1979
Human drug self-administration: double-blind comparison of pentobarbital, diazepam, chlorpromazine and placebo. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1979, Volume: 210, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Chlorpromazine; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Drug Adminis	1979
Reducing benzodiazepine self-administration with contingent reinforcement. Addictive behaviors, 1979, Volume: 4, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Diazepam; Humans; Methadone; Opioid-Related Disorders; Self Administration; Substance-Related	1979
Take-home methadone: contingency effects on drug-seeking and productivity of narcotic addicts. Addictive behaviors, 1978, Volume: 3, Issue:3-4 Topics: Adult; Behavior; Efficiency; Female; Humans; Male; Methadone; Middle Aged; Pharmaceutical Preparatio	1978
Pupil responses to intravenous heroin (diamorphine) in dependent and non-dependent humans. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 1979, Volume: 7, Issue:2 Topics: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Heroin; Humans; Methadone; Placebos; Pupil; Sub	1979
Can the community be protected against the hazards of take-home methadone? 1974 [proceedings]. NIDA research monograph, 1976, Issue:8 Topics: Administration, Oral; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Male; Methadone; Methadyl Acetate; Social Pr	1976
Preliminary observations with acute and chronic methadone and 1-alpha-acetylmethadol administration in humans. NIDA research monograph, 1976, Issue:8 Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Tolerance; Female; Humans; Male; Methad	1976
Methadone and 1-methadyl acetate: use in management of narcotic addicts. 1971 [proceedings]. NIDA research monograph, 1976, Issue:8 Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Evaluation; Humans; Male; Methadone; Methadyl Acetate; Narcotics; Sub	1976
Comments and findings from a naltrexone double blind study. NIDA research monograph, 1976, Issue:9 Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Methadone; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Research Design; Statistics as To	1976
Clinical experiences with naltrexone in 370 detoxified addicts. NIDA research monograph, 1976, Issue:9 Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclazocine; Drug Administration Schedule; Humans; Methadone; Naloxone; Na	1976
Propranolol in the treatment of opiate dependence -- a controlled study. Psychopharmacologia, 1975, Volume: 41, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Clinical Trials as Topic; Euphoria; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Methadone;	1975
[A French experience with methadone]. L'Encephale, 1975, Volume: 1, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Ambulatory Care; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Tolerance; Female; Huma	1975
Treatment of cocaine dependence in methadone maintenance clients: a pilot study comparing the efficacy of desipramine and amantadine. The International journal of the addictions, 1992, Volume: 27, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amantadine; Baltimore; Cocaine; Desipramine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; M	1992
Weighing up the pros and cons: help-seeking by drug misusers in Baltimore, USA. Drug and alcohol dependence, 1992, Volume: 31, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Bromocriptine; Buprenorphine; Cocaine; Desipramine; Fear; Female; Fluoxetine; Humans; Male; M	1992
Acute effects of buprenorphine, hydromorphone and naloxone in methadone-maintained volunteers. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1992, Volume: 261, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Buprenorphine; Cognition; Drug Interactions; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hydromorphone; Injections,	1992
Desipramine treatment of cocaine dependence in methadone-maintained patients. Archives of general psychiatry, 1992, Volume: 49, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Cocaine; Comorbidity; Desipramine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Follow-Up	1992
Pharmacotherapy for cocaine-abusing methadone-maintained patients using amantadine or desipramine. Archives of general psychiatry, 1992, Volume: 49, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Amantadine; Cocaine; Desipramine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Methadone; Opioi	1992
A randomized double-blind study of neuroelectric therapy in opiate and cocaine detoxification. Journal of substance abuse, 1992, Volume: 4, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Cocaine; Double-Blind Method; Follow-Up Studies; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Male; Methadone;	1992
Amantadine and desipramine in the treatment of cocaine abusing methadone maintained patients. NIDA research monograph, 1990, Volume: 105 Topics: Adult; Amantadine; Cocaine; Desipramine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Methadone; Opioi	1990
Cocaine abuse among heroin addicts in Spain. Drug and alcohol dependence, 1991, Volume: 27, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Clonidine; Cocaine; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; H	1991
Lefetamine: new abuse of an old drug--clinical evaluation of opioid activity. Drug and alcohol dependence, 1989, Volume: 24, Issue:2 Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Antipsychotic Agents; Clonidine; Follow-Up Studies; Heroin Dependence; Humans; M	1989
Desipramine treatment of cocaine abuse in methadone maintenance patients. NIDA research monograph, 1989, Volume: 95 Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Cocaine; Combined Modality Therapy; Desipramine; Double-Blind Method; Huma	1989
Evaluation of treatment for cocaine dependence. NIDA research monograph, 1989, Volume: 95 Topics: Adult; Behavior Therapy; Cocaine; Combined Modality Therapy; Desipramine; Double-Blind Method; Human	1989
Contingency management in methadone maintenance: effects of reinforcing and aversive consequences on illicit polydrug use. Drug and alcohol dependence, 1988, Volume: 22, Issue:1-2 Topics: Adult; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Aversive Therapy; Benzodiazepines; Cocaine; Dose-R	1988
How effective is LAAM treatment? Clinical comparison with methadone. NIDA research monograph, 1986, Volume: 67 Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholic Intoxication; Clinical Trials as Topic; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male;	1986
Immediate versus delayed feedback on urinalyses reports for methadone maintenance patients. Addictive behaviors, 1987, Volume: 12, Issue:3 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Feedback; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Methadone; Random Allocation; Socio	1987
Subliminal stimulation of symbiotic fantasies as an aid in the treatment of drug abusers. The International journal of the addictions, 1987, Volume: 22, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Male; Methadone; Middle Aged; Ob	1987
Narcotic withdrawal symptoms in heroin users treated with propranolol. Lancet (London, England), 1972, Sep-16, Volume: 2, Issue:7777 Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Heroin; Hu	1972
One year's work at a centre for the treatment of addicted patients. Lancet (London, England), 1968, Apr-27, Volume: 1, Issue:7548 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cocaine; Female; Heroin; Humans; Male; Methadone; Methamphetamine; Substance-Rela	1968
Methadyl acetate vs methadone. A double-blind study in heroin users. JAMA, 1972, Volume: 222, Issue:4 Topics: Acetates; Administration, Oral; Adult; Amino Alcohols; Analysis of Variance; Benzene Derivatives; Cl	1972
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Opiate overdose deaths in the District of Columbia. II. Methadone-related fatalities. Journal of forensic sciences, 1974, Volume: 19, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Age Factors; Amphetamine; Autopsy; Clinical Trials as Topic; Coroners and Medi	1974
Physical versus psychological dependency during detoxification and maintenance. Proceedings. National Conference on Methadone Treatment, 1973, Volume: 2 Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Counseling; Georgia; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Male; Methadone; Methods;	1973
Methadone--a reevaluation. Archives of general psychiatry, 1973, Volume: 28, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Oral; Affect; Blood Pressure; Body Temperature; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dr	1973
Methadone treatment versus therapeutic communities: preliminary results of a randomized study in progress. Proceedings. National Conference on Methadone Treatment, 1973, Volume: 2 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; California; Ethnicity; Family Characteristics; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Methad	1973
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in methadone-treated heroin addicts. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1970, Volume: 30, Issue:1 Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; Adult; Clinical Trials as Topic; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Feedbac	1970
Reaction-times of methadone treated ex-heroin addicts. Psychopharmacologia, 1970, Volume: 16, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Tolerance; Female; Heroin; Humans; Male; Methadone; Motivation	1970
Drug abuse in heroin users. An experimental study of self-administration of methadone, codeine, and pentazocine. Archives of general psychiatry, 1971, Volume: 24, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Oral; Clinical Trials as Topic; Codeine; Heroin; Humans; Methadone; Morphine Depende	1971
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Intervention	Days in community treatment (Mean)
1 Counseling Only in Prison	23.1
2 Counseling Only in Prison, With Initiation of Methadone Main	91.3
3 Counseling and Methadone Maintenance in Prison, With Continu	166.0

Authors	Studies
Khalili, P	1
Nadimi, AE	1
Baradaran, HR	1
Janani, L	1
Rahimi-Movaghar, A	2
Rajabi, Z	1
Rahmani, A	1
Hojati, Z	1
Khalagi, K	1
Motevalian, SA	1
Ginley, MK	1
Kelly, LM	1
Pfund, RA	1
Rash, CJ	1
Alessi, SM	1
Zajac, K	1
Mahu, IT	2
Barrett, SP	3
Conrod, PJ	2
Bartel, SJ	1
Stewart, SH	2
Olsen, Y	1
Chawar, C	1
Hillmer, A	1
Lamri, A	1
Kapczinski, F	1
Thabane, L	1
Pare, G	1
Samaan, Z	1
Frank, CJ	1
Morrison, L	1
Shin, HC	2
Marsh, JC	2
Makarious, L	1
Teng, A	1
Oei, JL	1
Henningfield, J	1
Gauvin, D	1
Bifari, F	1
Fant, R	1

methadone and Substance-Related Disorders