methadone and Pain, Postoperative studies

Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3)
methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.
6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Intravenous methadone may be useful in acute and chronic pain management compared with other opioids because of its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics, including the long duration of effect and ability to modulate both pain stimuli propagation and analgesic descending pathways."	9.41	Intravenous Methadone for Perioperative and Chronic Cancer Pain: A Review of the Literature. ( Mercadante, S, 2023)
"Using a prospective, randomized, blinded design, adolescents presenting for posterior spinal fusion to treat idiopathic scoliosis were assigned to receive desflurane with remifentanil alone (REMI), remifentanil + methadone (MET) (0."	9.27	Analgesic effects of methadone and magnesium following posterior spinal fusion for idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents: a randomized controlled trial. ( Barry, N; Beebe, AC; Bhalla, T; Gill, L; Klamar, J; Martin, DP; Rice, J; Samora, WP; Thung, A; Tobias, JD; Tumin, D; Veneziano, G, 2018)
"The efficacy of ondansetron 4 mg was compared with metoclopramide 10 mg for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting in patients after major gynaecological abdominal surgery."	9.08	Comparison of ondansetron and metoclopramide for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting after major gynaecological surgery. ( Chen, PP; Chui, PT; Gin, T, 1996)
"It was suggested that D, L-Methadone might improve the clinical course of glioma patients."	8.02	Safety aspects of opioid-naïve patients with high-grade glioma treated with D,L-Methadone: an observational case series. ( Bettag, C; Rohde, V; Schatlo, B; von der Brelie, C, 2021)
"How to taper and discontinue methadone therapy for chronic pain management is illustrated through a case report."	7.81	Tapering and discontinuation of methadone for chronic pain. ( Breivik, H, 2015)
"Sixty-eight patients treated with methadone for opiate dependence during pregnancy (vaginal n=35; cesarean n=33) were matched retrospectively to control women."	7.74	Intrapartum and postpartum analgesia for women maintained on methadone during pregnancy. ( Benvenuto, A; Howard, D; Meyer, M; Plante, D; Wagner, K, 2007)
"In addition to traditional methods for postoperative pain management, other methods of acute pain control exist that can help mitigate opioid dependence and help control pain in patients who use naltrexone for their substance use disorders."	7.01	Treatment of Acute Pain in Patients on Naltrexone: A Narrative Review. ( Cornett, EM; Edinoff, AN; Flanagan, CJ; Jackson, ED; Kaye, AD; Kaye, AM; Pearl, NZ; Sinnathamby, ES; Wenger, DM, 2023)
" Methadone group also showed lower postoperative opioid consumption in morphine equivalent dosage (mg) at 24 hours (MD, 8."	6.61	Intraoperative Methadone Reduces Pain and Opioid Consumption in Acute Postoperative Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. ( Ashmawi, HA; de Orange, FA; Machado, FC; Vieira, JE, 2019)
"Optimizing postoperative pain management for infants requiring an operation may decrease the need for methadone treatment and improve health care use."	5.91	Opioid and Methadone Use for Infants With Surgically Treated Necrotizing Enterocolitis. ( Keane, OA; Kelley-Quon, LI; Kim, E; Kim, ES; Lakshmanan, A; Mahdi, EM; Ourshalimian, S; Song, AY; Zamora, AK, 2023)
"Adolescents undergoing posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for idiopathic scoliosis or pectus excavatum (PE) repair received methadone intraoperatively (0."	5.41	A Novel Perioperative Multidose Methadone-Based Multimodal Analgesic Strategy in Children Achieved Safe and Low Analgesic Blood Methadone Levels Enabling Opioid-Sparing Sustained Analgesia With Minimal Adverse Effects. ( Aruldhas, BW; Fitzgerald, RE; Overholser, BR; Packiasabapathy, S; Quinney, SK; Renschler, JS; Sadhasivam, S; Zang, Y; Zhang, P, 2021)
"Intravenous methadone may be useful in acute and chronic pain management compared with other opioids because of its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics, including the long duration of effect and ability to modulate both pain stimuli propagation and analgesic descending pathways."	5.41	Intravenous Methadone for Perioperative and Chronic Cancer Pain: A Review of the Literature. ( Mercadante, S, 2023)
"Per-protocol analysis revealed that the median cumulative morphine consumption was significantly lower in patients receiving a single dose of methadone, in the Postanesthesia Care Unit (0 mg vs."	5.30	A preoperative single dose of methadone for moderate-to-severely painful surgery reduces postoperative morphine consumption. ( Aguirre, J; Bastian, K; Buehler, PK; Hollinger, A; Lecheler, L; Rüst, CA; Siegemund, M; Slizyte, D; Studer, W; Toft, K, 2019)
"Using a prospective, randomized, blinded design, adolescents presenting for posterior spinal fusion to treat idiopathic scoliosis were assigned to receive desflurane with remifentanil alone (REMI), remifentanil + methadone (MET) (0."	5.27	Analgesic effects of methadone and magnesium following posterior spinal fusion for idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents: a randomized controlled trial. ( Barry, N; Beebe, AC; Bhalla, T; Gill, L; Klamar, J; Martin, DP; Rice, J; Samora, WP; Thung, A; Tobias, JD; Tumin, D; Veneziano, G, 2018)
"Propofol and isoflurane requirements and preoperative pain scores were not different between groups."	5.17	Comparison of perioperative analgesic efficacy between methadone and butorphanol in cats. ( Bauquier, SH; Beths, T; Holm, M; Warne, LN, 2013)
"The efficacy of ondansetron 4 mg was compared with metoclopramide 10 mg for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting in patients after major gynaecological abdominal surgery."	5.08	Comparison of ondansetron and metoclopramide for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting after major gynaecological surgery. ( Chen, PP; Chui, PT; Gin, T, 1996)
"It was suggested that D, L-Methadone might improve the clinical course of glioma patients."	4.02	Safety aspects of opioid-naïve patients with high-grade glioma treated with D,L-Methadone: an observational case series. ( Bettag, C; Rohde, V; Schatlo, B; von der Brelie, C, 2021)
"How to taper and discontinue methadone therapy for chronic pain management is illustrated through a case report."	3.81	Tapering and discontinuation of methadone for chronic pain. ( Breivik, H, 2015)
" Twenty-eight dogs with ruptured cruciate ligaments were divided into three groups that received intramuscular injections of 4 mg/kg of tramadol (TRA), 0."	3.80	Evaluation of the effects of methadone and tramadol on postoperative analgesia and serum interleukin-6 in dogs undergoing orthopaedic surgery. ( Cardozo, LB; Cotes, LC; Fantoni, DT; Ferrigno, CR; Kahvegian, MA; Otsuki, DA; Rizzo, MF, 2014)
"The final methadone study cohort was 31 adolescents (14 ± 2 yr, range 10-18) undergoing major spine surgery for a diagnosis of scoliosis."	3.77	Perioperative pharmacokinetics of methadone in adolescents. ( Blood, J; Kharasch, ED; Kim, T; London, A; Sharma, A; Tallchief, D, 2011)
"Sixty-eight patients treated with methadone for opiate dependence during pregnancy (vaginal n=35; cesarean n=33) were matched retrospectively to control women."	3.74	Intrapartum and postpartum analgesia for women maintained on methadone during pregnancy. ( Benvenuto, A; Howard, D; Meyer, M; Plante, D; Wagner, K, 2007)
"Approximately 85% of patients receiving methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) for opiate dependence in the United States are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV)."	3.72	A matched comparison study of medical and psychiatric complications and anesthesia and analgesia requirements in methadone-maintained liver transplant recipients. ( Atanda, A; Barnett, R; DePiano, M; Lynch, KG; Olthoff, KM; Weinrieb, RM, 2004)
"Perineural dexmedetomidine combined with ropivacaine did not reduce postoperative methadone requirements in dogs after TPLO, but results may differ from one centre to another."	3.11	Effects of perineural dexmedetomidine combined with ropivacaine on postoperative methadone requirements in dogs after tibial plateau levelling osteotomy: a two-centre study. ( Marolf, V; Picavet, P; Sandersen, C; Selz, J; Spadavecchia, C; Tutunaru, A, 2022)
"Clinical compliance and postoperative pain control may improve with an effective twice-daily formulation."	3.11	Long-acting injectable methadone (methadone-fluconazole) provides safe and effective postoperative analgesia in a randomized clinical trial for dogs undergoing soft tissue surgery. ( Berke, KA; Bieberly, ZD; Comroe, AJ; Fitzgerald, AH; Jugan, MC; Klocke, EE; Klutzke, JB; KuKanich, B; KuKanich, KS; Mason, DE; Orchard, RJ; Upchurch, DA; Woodruff, K, 2022)
" Compared to other opioids, methadone has a longer duration of action, rapid onset, extended dosing intervals, high oral bioavailability, low cost, lack of active metabolites, and action on multiple receptors."	3.01	What we know and what we don't know about the perioperative use of methadone in children and adolescents. ( Boisvert-Plante, V; Einhorn, LM; Ingelmo, P; Poulin-Harnois, C, 2023)
"1 mg · kg-1 · h-1 for next 48 h [both medications dosed at ideal body weight]; methadone/ketamine group)."	3.01	Perioperative Methadone and Ketamine for Postoperative Pain Control in Spinal Surgical Patients: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial. ( Avram, MJ; Benson, J; Bilimoria, S; Greenberg, SB; Maher, CE; Murphy, GS; Szokol, JW; Teister, K, 2021)
"Compared to other opioids that manage postoperative pain like morphine, few randomized trials have tested the efficacy of intraoperatively administered methadone to provide evidence for its regular use or be included in clinical guidelines."	3.01	Efficacy of methadone for the management of postoperative pain in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A randomized clinical trial. ( Aranda, F; Arriaza, N; Kirmayr, M; Madrid, E; Matta, M; Papuzinski, C; Stojanova, J, 2021)
"In addition to traditional methods for postoperative pain management, other methods of acute pain control exist that can help mitigate opioid dependence and help control pain in patients who use naltrexone for their substance use disorders."	3.01	Treatment of Acute Pain in Patients on Naltrexone: A Narrative Review. ( Cornett, EM; Edinoff, AN; Flanagan, CJ; Jackson, ED; Kaye, AD; Kaye, AM; Pearl, NZ; Sinnathamby, ES; Wenger, DM, 2023)
"Methadone is a long-acting opioid that has been reported to reduce postoperative pain scores and analgesic requirements and may attenuate development of chronic postsurgical pain."	2.94	Postoperative Pain and Analgesic Requirements in the First Year after Intraoperative Methadone for Complex Spine and Cardiac Surgery. ( Avram, MJ; Benson, J; Bilimoria, S; Deshur, MA; Dickerson, D; Greenberg, SB; Maher, CE; Murphy, GS; Shear, TD; Szokol, JW; Teister, KJ; Trenk, GJ, 2020)
"Methadone has a unique pharmacodynamic profile: it is both a μ-agonist and an NMDAr-blocker."	2.94	Methadone for postoperative analgesia: contribution of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonism: A randomised controlled trial. ( Galeone, C; Mariani, L; Motta, G; Proto, PL; Tognoli, E; Valenza, F, 2020)
"Treatment of postoperative pain is, therefore, of utmost importance to ensure timely discharge from hospital."	2.90	Intraoperative methadone for postoperative pain after laparoscopic hysterectomy: Protocol for a randomised, double-blind trial. ( Brix, LD; Friesgaard, KD; Kristensen, CB; Nikolajsen, L; Rian, O, 2019)
" In major inpatient surgery, intraoperative single-dose methadone produces better analgesia and reduces opioid use compared with conventional repeated dosing of short-duration opioids."	2.90	Intraoperative Methadone in Same-Day Ambulatory Surgery: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Dose-Finding Pilot Study. ( Blood, J; Brunt, LM; Deych, E; Kharasch, ED; Komen, H, 2019)
"Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of epidural lidocaine in combination with either methadone or morphine for postoperative analgesia in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy."	2.82	Postoperative pain control in cats: clinical trials with pre-emptive lidocaine epidural co-administered with morphine or methadone. ( de Andrade Bicudo, N; de Assis, KT; DeRossi, R; Hermeto, LC; Jardim, PHA, 2016)
"Postoperative pain is an important health-care issue."	2.79	Methadone patient-controlled analgesia for postoperative pain: a randomized, controlled, double-blind study. ( Ashmawi, HA; de Almeida Correa, M; Machado, MD; Neto, JO; Posso, IP; Scomparim, HA, 2014)
"Remifentanil requirements were higher in the MK group (P = 0."	2.77	The perioperative combination of methadone and ketamine reduces post-operative opioid usage compared with methadone alone. ( Carazo, J; Fernández Candil, J; Fernández Galinski, S; Moltó, L; Pacreu, S, 2012)
"Methadone was injected with the dogs in sternal recumbency; the observer was unaware of the administration route."	2.72	A comparison of extradural and intravenous methadone on intraoperative isoflurane and postoperative analgesia requirements in dogs. ( Jones, RS; Leibetseder, EN; Mosing, M, 2006)
"Intraoperative methadone use reduces acute postoperative pain and lowers opioid consumption in comparison with morphine and fentanyl."	2.72	Intraoperative Methadone Use in Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review. ( Lobova, VA; Roll, JM; Roll, MLC, 2021)
"Methadone is an opioid with several desirable pharmacological features, including a long elimination half-life."	2.66	[Intraoperative methadone for post-operative pain]. ( Brix, LD; Friesgaard, KD; Møller, JF; Nikolajsen, L; Uhrbrand, CG, 2020)
"Postoperative pain is not adequately managed in greater than 40% of surgical patients and is a high priority for perioperative research."	2.66	Intraoperative methadone administration and postoperative pain control: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( D'Souza, RS; Gurrieri, C; Johnson, RL; Warner, N; Wittwer, E, 2020)
"Methadone, however, was unable to ensure the same degree of analgesia; consequently, the median pain scores were consistently higher following methadone than morphine (0."	2.66	Intrathecal methadone and morphine for postoperative analgesia: a comparison of the efficacy, duration, and side effects. ( Brody, MC; Chabal, C; Ireton, RC; Jacobson, L; Ward, RJ, 1989)
"Thirty-two postoperative cancer patients received deltoid and gluteal injections of morphine, 8 and 16 mg, within a double-blind, twin crossover design."	2.65	Plasma levels and analgesia following deltoid and gluteal injections of methadone and morphine. ( Grabinski, PY; Houde, RW; Kaiko, RF; Rogers, AG, 1983)
" Methadone group also showed lower postoperative opioid consumption in morphine equivalent dosage (mg) at 24 hours (MD, 8."	2.61	Intraoperative Methadone Reduces Pain and Opioid Consumption in Acute Postoperative Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. ( Ashmawi, HA; de Orange, FA; Machado, FC; Vieira, JE, 2019)
"Recommendations and options for treating postoperative pain in patients on methadone and buprenorphine are outlined below."	2.53	New Pain Management Options for the Surgical Patient on Methadone and Buprenorphine. ( Arulkumar, S; Cornett, EM; Flower, RR; Fox, CJ; Gayle, JA; Kaye, AD; Sen, S, 2016)
"Pharmacological approaches incorporate the continuation of usual medications (or equivalent), short-term use of sometimes much higher than average doses of additional opioid, and prescription of non-opioid and adjuvant drugs, aiming to improve pain relief and attenuate opioid tolerance and/or opioid-induced hyperalgesia."	2.47	Acute pain management in opioid-tolerant patients: a growing challenge. ( Huxtable, CA; MacIntyre, PE; Roberts, LJ; Somogyi, AA, 2011)
" This article reviews the World Health Organization recommendations for analgesic therapy in this setting, as well as guidelines for opioid therapy in patients with renal failure or hepatic failure, assessment of pain, dosing strategies in both acute and chronic pain, management of opioid overdose, pain associated with dose-limiting side effects, and pain in the actively dying."	2.44	Practical guide to opioids and their complications in managing cancer pain. What oncologists need to know. ( Davis, MP; Gamier, P; Lasheen, W, 2007)
"Methadone is an opioid with complex properties, and a patient that is taking methadone can represent a unique challenge to the anesthesiologist."	2.43	Review article: perioperative pain management of patients on methadone therapy. ( Gourlay, D; Peng, PW; Tumber, PS, 2005)
"Oral methadone is a feasible alternative to IV methadone for patients undergoing spine surgery regarding both pain scores and postoperative opioid consumption."	1.91	Comparison of oral versus intravenous methadone on postoperative pain and opioid use after adult spinal deformity surgery: A retrospective, non-inferiority analysis. ( Dunn, LK; Esfahani, K; Naik, BI; Tennant, W; Tsang, S, 2023)
"Optimizing postoperative pain management for infants requiring an operation may decrease the need for methadone treatment and improve health care use."	1.91	Opioid and Methadone Use for Infants With Surgically Treated Necrotizing Enterocolitis. ( Keane, OA; Kelley-Quon, LI; Kim, E; Kim, ES; Lakshmanan, A; Mahdi, EM; Ourshalimian, S; Song, AY; Zamora, AK, 2023)
"Yet, moderate-to-severe postsurgical pain continues to afflict over 40% of patients and remains a major priority for anesthesia research."	1.91	Pro-Con Debate: Role of Methadone in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocols-Superior Analgesic or Harmful Drug? ( D'Souza, RS; Dunn, LK; Esfahani, K, 2023)
"Patients with opioid use disorder, regardless of treatment with methadone, buprenorphine, or no medication for opioid use disorder consumed significantly greater quantities of opioids after cesarean delivery but received fewer opioid prescriptions at discharge."	1.91	A comparison of postpartum opioid consumption and opioid discharge prescriptions among opioid-naïve patients and those with opioid use disorder. ( Achu, R; Bateman, BT; Gibbs, L; Guang, Z; Holland, E; Saia, K; Spence, NZ; Wachman, EM; Werler, MM; Young, M, 2023)
"The methadone dosage varied from 5 to 20 mg."	1.91	Retrospective Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Intraoperative Methadone for Pain Management in Patients Undergoing Elective Intracranial Surgery. ( Graf, J; Pillai, P; Propp, D; Sran, JK; Vacaru, A; Vandse, R, 2023)
"Buprenorphine patients were compared with methadone patients for the first 48 hours postoperatively with regard to acute opioid dose requirements (morphine milligram equivalents [MME] above their baseline buprenorphine and methadone doses) and time-weighted average (TWA) pain scores (using targeted maximum likelihood estimation)."	1.72	Comparison Between Preoperative Methadone and Buprenorphine Use on Postoperative Opioid Requirement: A Retrospective Cohort Study. ( Dale, RC; Delgado, C; Dinges, EM; Komatsu, R; Nash, M; Peperzak, KA; Terman, GW; Wu, J; Ziga, TM, 2022)
" Weight-based methadone dosing ranged from 0."	1.72	Impact of intraoperative methadone use on postoperative opioid requirements after cardiac surgery. ( Nault, KM; Song, P; Wang, DJ, 2022)
"Methadone is a synthetic opioid used as an analgesic and for the treatment of opioid abuse disorder."	1.62	Pharmacokinetic modeling of R and S-Methadone and their metabolites to study the effects of various covariates in post-operative children. ( Aruldhas, BW; Gao, H; Heathman, MA; Ly, RC; Masters, AR; Overholser, BR; Packiasabapathy, S; Quinney, SK; Sadhasivam, S, 2021)
" There were no differences in clinical outcomes or adverse events."	1.56	Intraoperative Methadone Is Associated with Decreased Perioperative Opioid Use Without Adverse Events: A Case-Matched Cohort Study. ( Caruso, TJ; Kleiman, ZI; Kwiatkowski, DM; Robinson, JD; Wu, M, 2020)
"Methadone was administered according to the short form of Glasgow Composite Pain Scale with pain assessed every 2 hours for 48 hours by observers unaware of the treatment."	1.51	Effect of 5% transdermal lidocaine patches on postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy. ( Aprea, F; Bhalla, RJ; Cherubini, GB; Corletto, F; De Gennaro, C; Re Bravo, V; Vettorato, E, 2019)
"Methadone has been recognized as a unique option for treatment of surgical pain due to its multiple mechanisms of analgesia and its potential to decrease tolerance to other opioids."	1.48	Use of Methadone to Reverse Opioid Escalation in a Patient With Surgical Pain. ( Chandler, M; Cunningham, G; Jaffar, M; Webb, T, 2018)
" In addition, the most current and efficacious dosage regimen for the rectal administration of acetaminophen (40."	1.30	Blocks and other techniques pediatric surgeons can employ to reduce postoperative pain in pediatric patients. ( Broadman, LM, 1999)
"The use of epidural methadone for postoperative pain relief is advocated, both in view of its analgesic potency and of the low incidence of urinary disturbances."	1.27	Urinary function during epidural analgesia with methadone and morphine in post-cesarean section patients. ( Drenger, B; Evron, S; Magora, F; Samueloff, A; Simon, A, 1985)

Research

Studies (146)

Authors

Clinical Trials (29)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Opioid Consumption

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	24 (16.44)	18.7374
1990's	20 (13.70)	18.2507
2000's	16 (10.96)	29.6817
2010's	45 (30.82)	24.3611
2020's	41 (28.08)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Lobova, VA	1
Roll, JM	1
Roll, MLC	1
Wang, DJ	1
Song, P	1
Nault, KM	1
Komatsu, R	1
Nash, M	1
Peperzak, KA	1
Ziga, TM	1
Dinges, EM	1
Delgado, C	1
Wu, J	1
Terman, GW	1
Dale, RC	1
Marolf, V	1
Selz, J	1
Picavet, P	1
Spadavecchia, C	1
Tutunaru, A	1
Sandersen, C	1
Mok, V	1
Sweetman, S	1
Hernandez, B	1
Casias, T	1
Hylton, J	1
Krause, BM	1
Noonan, KJ	1
Walker, BJ	1
Bieberly, ZD	1
KuKanich, B	2
KuKanich, KS	1
Berke, KA	1
Klocke, EE	2
Upchurch, DA	2
Comroe, AJ	1
Jugan, MC	1
Mason, DE	1
Orchard, RJ	1
Klutzke, JB	1
Fitzgerald, AH	2
Woodruff, K	1
Ryan, AC	1
Murrell, JC	2
Gurney, MA	1
Boisvert-Plante, V	1
Poulin-Harnois, C	1
Ingelmo, P	1
Einhorn, LM	1
Viilmann, I	2
Drozdzynska, M	2
Vettorato, E	4
Eisenbraun, A	1
Schroeder, D	1
Schaff, HV	1
Martin, E	1
Wittwer, ED	1
Vandse, R	1
Vacaru, A	1
Propp, D	1
Graf, J	1
Sran, JK	1
Pillai, P	1
Edinoff, AN	1
Flanagan, CJ	1
Sinnathamby, ES	1
Pearl, NZ	1
Jackson, ED	1
Wenger, DM	1
Cornett, EM	2
Kaye, AM	1
Kaye, AD	2
Holland, E	1
Gibbs, L	1
Spence, NZ	1
Young, M	1
Werler, MM	1
Guang, Z	1
Saia, K	1
Bateman, BT	1
Achu, R	1
Wachman, EM	1
Mercadante, S	2
Pan, S	1
Anderson, TA	1
D'Souza, RS	2
Esfahani, K	2
Dunn, LK	2
Keane, OA	1
Zamora, AK	1
Ourshalimian, S	1
Mahdi, EM	1
Song, AY	1
Kim, E	1
Lakshmanan, A	1
Kim, ES	1
Kelley-Quon, LI	1
Kharasch, ED	6
Brunt, LM	2
Blood, J	3
Komen, H	2
Tennant, W	1
Tsang, S	1
Naik, BI	2
Garra, R	1
Sbaraglia, F	2
Gurrieri, C	1
Johnson, RL	1
Warner, N	1
Wittwer, E	1
Robinson, JD	1
Caruso, TJ	1
Wu, M	1
Kleiman, ZI	1
Kwiatkowski, DM	1
Murphy, GS	7
Wu, CL	1
Mascha, EJ	1
Machado, FC	1
Vieira, JE	1
de Orange, FA	1
Ashmawi, HA	2
David, F	1
Villari, P	1
Spedale, VM	1
Casuccio, A	1
Avram, MJ	5
Greenberg, SB	4
Shear, TD	2
Deshur, MA	2
Dickerson, D	1
Bilimoria, S	2
Benson, J	3
Maher, CE	2
Trenk, GJ	1
Teister, KJ	1
Szokol, JW	6
von der Brelie, C	1
Schatlo, B	1
Bettag, C	1
Rohde, V	1
Barnett, AM	1
Machovec, KA	1
Ames, WA	1
Homi, HM	1
Turi, JL	1
Koo, J	1
Fuller, M	1
Jooste, EH	1
Tognoli, E	1
Proto, PL	1
Motta, G	1
Galeone, C	1
Mariani, L	1
Valenza, F	1
Romanoff, M	1
Uhrbrand, CG	1
Friesgaard, KD	2
Brix, LD	2
Møller, JF	1
Nikolajsen, L	2
Pontes, JPJ	2
Braz, FR	2
Módolo, NSP	1
Mattar, LA	1
Sousa, JAG	1
Navarro E Lima, LH	2
KuKanich, K	1
Rankin, DC	1
Comroe, A	1
Crauer, B	1
Berke, K	1
Gonzalez, SE	1
Mason, D	1
Jensen, G	1
Orchard, R	1
Cho, P	1
Komp, M	1
Rajput, K	1
Vadivelu, N	1
Sadhasivam, S	2
Aruldhas, BW	2
Packiasabapathy, S	2
Overholser, BR	2
Zhang, P	1
Zang, Y	1
Renschler, JS	1
Fitzgerald, RE	1
Quinney, SK	2
Petrosan, A	1
Zassman, S	1
Cohn, S	1
Guerra, M	1
Soares, K	1
Kennedy, J	1
Abdelghany, O	1
Gutman, E	1
Teister, K	1
Clark, JD	1
Arriaza, N	1
Papuzinski, C	1
Kirmayr, M	1
Matta, M	1
Aranda, F	1
Stojanova, J	1
Madrid, E	1
Cheriyan, T	1
Gaber, M	1
Glenn, T	1
Latremouille, J	1
Loy, KL	1
Cheriyan, J	1
Dua, A	1
Singh, P	1
Kumar, V	1
Omran, MB	1
Vogler, C	1
Arnold, S	1
Surbeck, E	1
Conklen, K	1
Deshpande, M	1
Heathman, MA	1
Masters, AR	1
Ly, RC	1
Gao, H	1
Chan, FJ	1
Schwartz, AM	1
Wong, J	1
Chen, C	1
Tiwari, B	1
Kim, SJ	1
Vender, JS	1
Newmark, RL	1
Fernandez-Parra, R	2
Zilberstein, L	2
Fontaine, C	1
Adami, C	2
Dresco, T	1
Donnelly, TM	1
Fredheim, OMS	1
Jaffar, M	1
Cunningham, G	1
Chandler, M	1
Webb, T	1
Shah, MD	1
Yates, D	1
Hunt, J	1
Deych, E	1
Bini, G	1
De Gennaro, C	2
Corletto, F	2
Martin, DP	1
Samora, WP	1
Beebe, AC	1
Klamar, J	1
Gill, L	1
Bhalla, T	1
Veneziano, G	1
Thung, A	1
Tumin, D	1
Barry, N	1
Rice, J	1
Tobias, JD	2
Re Bravo, V	1
Aprea, F	1
Bhalla, RJ	1
Cherubini, GB	1
Gutiérrez-Bautista, ÁJ	1
Morgaz, J	1
Granados, MDM	1
Gómez-Villamandos, RJ	1
Dominguez, JM	1
Fernandez-Sarmiento, JA	1
Aguilar-García, D	1
Navarrete-Calvo, R	1
Moro, ET	1
Lambert, MF	1
Pereira, AL	1
Artioli, T	1
Graicer, G	1
Bevilacqua, J	1
Bloomstone, J	1
Barelli, R	1
Morelli Sbarra, G	1
Zappia, L	1
Rossi, M	1
Landau, R	1
Bastian, K	1
Buehler, PK	1
Slizyte, D	1
Rüst, CA	1
Toft, K	1
Studer, W	1
Lecheler, L	1
Aguirre, J	1
Siegemund, M	1
Hollinger, A	1
Kristensen, CB	1
Rian, O	1
Macintyre, PE	2
Russell, RA	1
Usher, KA	1
Gaughwin, M	1
Huxtable, CA	2
Warne, LN	1
Beths, T	1
Holm, M	1
Bauquier, SH	1
Jones, HE	1
Deppen, K	1
Hudak, ML	1
Leffert, L	1
McClelland, C	1
Sahin, L	1
Starer, J	1
Terplan, M	1
Thorp, JM	1
Walsh, J	1
Creanga, AA	1
Neto, JO	1
Machado, MD	1
de Almeida Correa, M	1
Scomparim, HA	1
Posso, IP	1
Cardozo, LB	1
Cotes, LC	1
Kahvegian, MA	1
Rizzo, MF	1
Otsuki, DA	1
Ferrigno, CR	1
Fantoni, DT	1
Conroy, S	1
Hill, D	1
Marymont, JH	1
Shear, T	1
Parikh, KN	1
Patel, SS	1
Gupta, DK	1
Breivik, H	1
DeRossi, R	1
Hermeto, LC	1
Jardim, PHA	1
de Andrade Bicudo, N	1
de Assis, KT	1
Sen, S	1
Arulkumar, S	1
Gayle, JA	1
Flower, RR	1
Fox, CJ	1
Hansen, LE	1
Stone, GL	1
Matson, CA	1
Tybor, DJ	1
Pevear, ME	1
Smith, EL	1
Nemergut, EC	2
Kazemi, A	1
Fernández, L	1
Cederholm, SK	1
McMurry, TL	1
Durieux, ME	2
Eisenberg, E	1
Fredheim, OM	1
Nøstdahl, T	1
Nordstrand, B	1
Høivik, T	1
Rygnestad, T	1
Borchgrevink, PC	1
Gottschalk, A	1
Pérez, J	1
de Santos, P	1
Plaza, A	1
Mercadal, J	1
Anghelescu, DL	1
Oakes, LL	1
Hankins, GM	1
Roberts, LJ	1
Somogyi, AA	1
Sharma, A	1
Tallchief, D	1
Kim, T	1
London, A	1
Bosmans, T	1
Piron, K	1
Oosterlinck, M	1
Gasthuys, F	1
Duchateau, L	1
Waelbers, T	1
Samoy, Y	1
Van Vynckt, D	1
Polis, I	1
Pacreu, S	1
Fernández Candil, J	1
Moltó, L	1
Carazo, J	1
Fernández Galinski, S	1
Russell, T	1
Mitchell, C	1
Paech, MJ	1
Pavy, T	1
Green, JS	1
Dillane, D	1
Tsui, BC	1
Taurá, P	1
Fuster, J	1
Blasi, A	1
Martinez-Ocon, J	1
Anglada, T	1
Beltran, J	1
Balust, J	1
Tercero, J	1
Garcia-Valdecasas, JC	1
Friedman, R	1
Kamel, I	1
Perez, C	1
Hamada, A	1
Weinrieb, RM	1
Barnett, R	1
Lynch, KG	1
DePiano, M	1
Atanda, A	1
Olthoff, KM	1
Rohrer Bley, C	1
Neiger-Aeschbacher, G	1
Busato, A	1
Schatzmann, U	1
von Ungern-Sternberg, BS	1
Regli, A	1
Bucher, E	1
Reber, A	1
Schneider, MC	1
Pérez Martínez, J	1
Arguis Giménez, MJ	1
Fernández Candil, JL	1
Martínez Fernández, G	1
Sinche Yupanqui, M	1
Moreno Cuartas, LA	1
Galard Hernández, JJ	1
Gomar Sancho, C	1
Stewart, DJ	1
Lambert, EW	1
Stack, KM	1
Pellegrini, J	1
Unger, DV	1
Hood, RJ	1
Cassidy, B	1
Cyna, AM	1
Kong, JT	1
Schmiesing, C	1
Peng, PW	1
Tumber, PS	1
Gourlay, D	1
Muratli, HH	1
Muratli, SN	1
Bicimoglu, A	1
Gogus, N	1
Leibetseder, EN	1
Mosing, M	1
Jones, RS	1
Meyer, M	1
Wagner, K	1
Benvenuto, A	1
Plante, D	1
Howard, D	1
Davis, MP	1
Lasheen, W	1
Gamier, P	1
Kantor, TG	1
Cantor, R	1
Tom, E	1
Torda, TA	1
Pybus, DA	1
Gourlay, GK	4
Wilson, PR	3
Glynn, CJ	2
Cousins, MJ	1
Beeby, D	1
MacIntosh, KC	1
Bailey, M	1
Welch, DB	2
Willis, RJ	1
Frova, G	1
Geraci, P	1
Giurati, G	1
Pagani, I	1
Ronchi, G	1
Cundy, JM	1
Porter, EJ	1
McQuay, HJ	1
Bullingham, RE	1
Weir, L	1
Allen, MC	1
Moore, RA	1
Grabinski, PY	1
Kaiko, RF	1
Rogers, AG	2
Houde, RW	1
Gallon, AM	1
Hrynaszkiewicz, A	1
Laur, DF	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Auricular Acupressure as an Adjunct Treatment for Opioid Tapering in a Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit: A Pilot Feasibility Study[NCT05025384]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-10-25	Completed
Perioperative Opioid-induced Hyperalgesia and Its Prevention With Ketamine and Methadone[NCT01594047]		113 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-12-01	Completed
Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacokinetics of Oxycodone to Personalize Postoperative Pain Management Following Major Inpatient Surgery in Children[NCT03495388]		500 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2018-04-01	Active, not recruiting
Efficacy Methadone for Management Postoperative Pain After the Use of Anesthesia Intravenous in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy[NCT01833715]		86 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-03-31	Completed
Intraoperative Methadone for Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Tonsillectomy - a Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT05445856]	Phase 4	130 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-11-28	Recruiting
Clinical Effectiveness and Safety of Intraoperative Methadone in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Hysterectomy: a Prospective, Double-blind, Randomised Controlled Trial[NCT03908060]		126 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-05-06	Active, not recruiting
Methadone in Ambulatory Surgery[NCT02300077]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-12-31	Completed
Methadone for Emergence Delirium in Children Undergoing Outpatient Strabismus Surgery[NCT03778372]		55 participants (Actual)	Observational	2019-01-01	Completed
Analgesia Following Posterior Spinal Fusion: Methadone vs Magnesium[NCT01795495]	Phase 2	63 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-09-30	Completed
A Prospective, Randomized Trial of the Effect of Standard of Care Reduced Dose Versus Full Dose Buprenorphine/Naloxone in the Perioperative Period on Pain Control and Post Operative Opioid Use Disorder Symptoms[NCT03266445]	Phase 4	76 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-10-05	Not yet recruiting
A Pilot Randomized Comparative Effectiveness Clinical Trial of Buprenorphine vs. Methadone for the Treatment of Opioid Dependence in Pregnancy.[NCT03098407]		55 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-04-20	Completed
Pharmacokinetics of Methadone in Adults Undergoing Cardiac Surgery With Extracorporeal Circulation[NCT05075265]		30 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2021-10-02	Not yet recruiting
Single-dose Intraoperative Methadone for Early Ambulation and Sustained Pain Control in Spinal Fusion Surgery Patients[NCT02989597]	Phase 4	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-07-29	Terminated (stopped due to Due to personnel loss and logistical issues the study was unable to be completed as planned.)
The Effect of Methadone vs. Fentanyl Administration on Postoperative Pain Control in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized, Double-Blinded Controlled Trial[NCT02747875]		26 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-09-30	Terminated (stopped due to Drug Shortage)
Prospective Randomized Double Blind Study of Intraoperative Dexmedetomidine and Postoperative Pain Control in Patients Undergoing Multi-level Thoraco-lumbar Spine Surgery[NCT01850017]	Phase 4	142 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-08-31	Completed
Dosing of Methadone for Spine Surgery[NCT03605901]	Early Phase 1	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-03-19	Recruiting
Does Intraoperative Methadone Prevent Postoperative Pain in Bariatric Surgery?[NCT02775474]	Phase 4	32 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-06-30	Completed
Perioperative Methadone Use to Decrease Opioid Requirement in Pediatric Spinal Fusion Patients[NCT02558010]	Phase 3	58 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-02-01	Completed
U.S Guided Erector Spinae Block for Postoperative Pain Control in Patients Undergoing Para Umblical Hernial Repair. (Comparative Study ).[NCT06120088]		300 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2023-12-01	Not yet recruiting
A Randomized Blinded Prospective Trial Comparing Single Intraoperative Dose of Methadone Versus Placebo in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Spine Surgery.[NCT02206685]	Phase 4	74 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-05-31	Completed
Intraoperative Methadone Versus Morphine for Postoperative Pain Control in Patients Undergoing Intramedullary Nailing or Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of the Tibia[NCT01430182]		17 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-09-30	Terminated (stopped due to Shortages of study drug, difficulty enrolling patients)
The Influence of Pharmacogenetics on Methadone Dose, Safety, and Outcomes After Spine Fusion[NCT01677650]	Phase 1	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-03-31	Withdrawn (stopped due to Investigator moved to new institution)
A Double Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Postoperative Narcotic Usage in Patients Receiving Periarticular Liposomal Bupivicaine vs. Those Patients Receiving Standard Periarticular Joint Injections[NCT02682498]	Phase 4	38 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-10-31	Completed
Effect of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Fetal pH at Time of Scheduled Cesarean Delivery in Morbidly Obese Women[NCT04993651]		80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-10-11	Recruiting
IRB-HSR# 14145 R,S Methadone: Analgesia and Pharmacokinetics in Adolescents Undergoing Scoliosis Correction[NCT01205256]	Phase 3	11 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-03-31	Completed
The Effect of Methadone on Perioperative Analgesia After Posterior Lumbar Fusion - A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blinded Study[NCT01125059]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-05-31	Withdrawn (stopped due to Unable to fulfill recruitment)
A Hydromorphone High Resolution Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Fingerprint as the Basis for Identifying Sex Differences in Opioid Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics[NCT01123486]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-01-31	Withdrawn (stopped due to PI relocated to new university)
Adjunct Methadone to Decrease the Duration of Mechanical Ventilation in the Medical Intensive Care Unit[NCT02025855]	Phase 4	46 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2014-01-31	Enrolling by invitation
Validation of a Novel Digital Pain Measure, Faces Thermometer Scale (FTS) in a Swedish Dental Context[NCT05322018]		150 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2022-05-01	Recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Cumulative opioid consumption at 48 hours from surgery ( end of the study) (NCT01594047)
Timeframe: 48 hours

Pain Intensity Measured by a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS)

Intervention	mg (Mean)
Zero/Morphine	56.09
Ketamine/Morphine	66.9
Zero/Metadone	43.64
Ketamine/Methadone	38.96

A Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) from 0 to 10 is used as a measure of pain intensity. Zero indicates the absence of any pain and 10 the worse pain never felt. (NCT01594047)
Timeframe: 24 and 48 hours after surgery

the Extent of Hyperalgesia Area Proximal to Surgical Wound

Intervention	units on NRS (Mean)
	NRS static 24 hours	NRS dynamic 24 hours	NRS static 48 hours	NRS dynamic 48 hours
Ketamine/Methadone	0.78	3.04	0.5	2.75
Ketamine/Morphine	1.64	4.68	0.88	4.44
Zero/Metadone	0.61	3.13	0.87	2.65
Zero/Morphine	1.92	4.75	1.36	4.27

"Hyperalgesia is determined by stimulating with a won Fray hair N°16 along three lines at a right angle to the top, middle, and bottom sides of the surgical incision. Each line starts from the edge of the abdomen to the surgical incision.~Stimulation continue from the edge toward the surgical incision until the patients reported a worsening in sensation The distance from the incision to where sensation change was measured. The mean of the three assessments was used as a measure of the extent of the hyperalgesia area." (NCT01594047)
Timeframe: 24 and 48 hours after surgery

Intraoperative Opioid Administration

Intervention	cm (Mean)
	24 hours	48 hours
Ketamine/Methadone	11.04	14.51
Ketamine/Morphine	14.68	16.38
Zero/Metadone	15.28	18.09
Zero/Morphine	19.5	16.04

Data on opioids administered intraoperatively will be collected from the subject's EMR. (NCT02300077)
Timeframe: Administered at induction of anesthesia

Opioid Consumption Within First 30 Postoperative Days

Intervention	morphine equivalents mg (Median)
Control	25
Treatment Methadone 0.1 mg/kg	5.6
Treatment Methadone 0.15 mg/kg	8.6

Daily opioid consumption for approx 30 days following surgery (from hospital discharge until postop clinic visit). (NCT02300077)
Timeframe: 30 days

Pain Relief Within First 30 Postoperative Days

Intervention	total postdischarge opioid pills used (Median)
Control	10
Treatment Methadone 0.1 mg/kg	7
Treatment Methadone 0.15 mg/kg	5

"Daily pain self-assessments using a numeric (0-10) rating scale were recorded in a home diary for approx 30 days following surgery (from hospital discharge until postop clinic visit). Zero was no pain and 10 was the worst possible pain.~Patient's 30-day post-discharge scores were averaged individually and compared in between groups.~In addition, participants recorded pain interference with 7 activities of daily living - mood, ability to walk or move, sleep, normal work outside the home, normal work at home, recreational activities, and enjoyment of life on a 5-point Likert scale. Questions were based on the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Pain Behavior and Pain Interference item banks. Patients also recorded opioid and nonopioid analgesic use, sedation, and time to return to work." (NCT02300077)
Timeframe: 30 days

Postoperative Opioid Administration

Intervention	score on a scale (Median)
Control	1
Treatment Methadone 0.1 mg/kg	1
Treatment Methadone 0.15 mg/kg	0

Data on opioids administered postoperatively will be collected from the subject's EMR. Pain severity will be assessed using Numeric Rating Scale and colored-visual analogue scale. Pain relief postoperatively will be assessed using a 5 point scale [0-no relief, 4-complete relief] (NCT02300077)
Timeframe: EMR reviewed at 24 hours post-administration or at hospital discharge

Intra- and Post-operative Pain Relief

Intervention	morphine equivalents mg (Median)
Control	10
Treatment Methadone 0.1 mg/kg	5.4
Treatment Methadone 0.15 mg/kg	3.3

To prospectively compare the effects of intra-operative methadone and magnesium on postoperative opioid requirements. Total amount of hydromorphone administered in OR, recovery room (PACU), and on the inpatient ward 24 hours post-operatively. (NCT01795495)
Timeframe: Intra-operative and 24 hours post-operatively

Post-operative Pain Scores

Intervention	mg/kg (Mean)
Remifentanil	0.34
Remifentanil Plus Methadone	0.26
Remifentanil Plus Magnesium	0.38

VAS pain score - 0 being no pain and 10 being worst pain. (NCT01795495)
Timeframe: Post-operatively to 24 hours

Total Opioid Dose, in Morphine Equivalents, in the First 24 Hours After Pediatric Cardiac Bypass Surgery.

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Remifentanil	4.6
Remifentanil Plus Methadone	5.1
Remifentanil Plus Magnesium	5.1

The distribution of the total opioid dose in the first 24 hours will be evaluated by randomization group (methadone vs. fentanyl) and differences between groups will be tested. It is hypothesized that compared to fentanyl, methadone administered intraoperative will result in a significantly lower total opioid dose (morphine or oxycodone) during the first 24 hour postoperative period. Assuming no difference between the two treatment strategies in the population, a total sample size of 52 in each group will provide 80% power to detect an effect size of 0.1. Significance will be measured as a 30% reduction in postoperative pain requirement. (NCT02747875)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Opioid-related Adverse Events Including: Respiratory Failure, Cardiovascular Instability, and Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

Intervention	mg postop morphine equivelant 24hr (Mean)
Control - Fentanyl	0.55
Treatment - Methadone	0.48

Opioid-related adverse events will be monitored closely and a secondary analysis will compare the incidence of side effects between the two groups during the first 24-hour postoperative period. The Pearson's contingency chi-square test will be used to evaluate any differences between the randomization groups in opioid-related adverse events during the first 24-hour postoperative period. (NCT02747875)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Post-operative Opioid Consumption (mg/kg)

Intervention	events (Mean)
	Ondansetron Doses	Emesis Episodes	Hypoventilation Episodes	Arrhythmias
Control - Fentanyl	3.81	2.72	0	0
Treatment - Methadone	3.43	2.08	0	0

Total amount of opioids consumed during the first 72 hours after surgery. (NCT02558010)
Timeframe: 72 hours

Opioid Usage

Intervention	mg/kg (Median)
Methadone Group	0.267
Control Group	0.340

Subjects were given access to Patient-Controlled Intravenous Opioid Administration (PCA) to manage their post-operative pain. The doses of morphine were calculated at at PACU, 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours respectively. (NCT02206685)
Timeframe: Admission to PACU to 72 hours post-operative

Pain Scores

Intervention	mg/kg (Median)
	PACU	24 Hours	48 Hours	72 Hours
Control Group	0.47	0.55	0.55	0.04
Treatment Group	0.41	0.58	0.58	0.10

The FLACC scale or Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability scale is a measurement used to assess pain for children between the ages of 2 months and 7 years or individuals that are unable to communicate their pain. The scale is scored in a range of 0-10 with 0 representing no pain. The scale has five criteria, which are each assigned a score of 0, 1 or 2. The data reported here represents the mean difference in FLACC score by treatment group at PACU, 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours, respectively. (NCT02206685)
Timeframe: Admission to PACU to 72 hours post-operative

Opioid Consumption

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	PACU	24 Hours	48 Hours	72 Hours
Control Group	0.65	0.42	0.36	0.29
Treatment Group	0.53	0.14	0.24	0.16

Number of morphine equivalents used by subject during first 24 hours after discharge from Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (NCT01430182)
Timeframe: First 24 hours after discharge from Post-Anesthesia Care Unit

48 Hour Post-surgical Opioid Use

Intervention	mg of morphine IV equivalents (Mean)
Methadone 0.2 mg/kg	50.9
Morphine 0.2 mg/kg	37.5

A comparison of group means between the control group and study group with regards to 48 hour opioid use. (NCT02682498)
Timeframe: 48 hours

Average Daily Opioid Use During Admission

Intervention	morphine equivalents (Mean)
EXPAREL® Bupivacaine Liposome Suspension	5.32
Standard Periarticular Joint Injection	5.07

Opioid use will be monitored daily from the time of admission in comparison of standard knee injection post-operatively. (NCT02682498)
Timeframe: Up to 48 hours

Average Daily Patient Pain Score

Intervention	Total Morphine Equivalents (Mean)
EXPAREL® Bupivacaine Liposome Suspension	100
Standard Periarticular Joint Injection	103

Examining the average daily patient pain score in comparison of standard knee injection post-operatively. The measure is the Visual-Analog-Scale (VAS) for subjective pain reporting. The minimum 0 (no pain) and the maximum is 10 (worst pain imagineable). There is only one measure in the scale (i.e. there are no subscales). Lower scores on the VAS scale equate to less pain and are therefore desirable. (NCT02682498)
Timeframe: Up to 48 hours

Post-operative Complications

Intervention	Visual Analog Scale Rating (Mean)
EXPAREL® Bupivacaine Liposome Suspension	4.75
Standard Periarticular Joint Injection	5.75

Examining the post-operative complication in comparison of standard knee injection post-operatively. (NCT02682498)
Timeframe: Up to 1 month

Recovery Room Opioid Use

Intervention	complications (Number)
EXPAREL® Bupivacaine Liposome Suspension	0
Standard Periarticular Joint Injection	0

Post anesthesia care unit (recovery room) opioid use in total mg morphine IV equivalent in comparison of standard knee injection post-operatively. (NCT02682498)
Timeframe: Up to 48 hours

Article	Year
Intraoperative Methadone Use in Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review. Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.), 2021, Dec-11, Volume: 22, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Humans; Methadone; Pain, Postoperative; Rand	2021
What we know and what we don't know about the perioperative use of methadone in children and adolescents. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2023, Volume: 33, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Child; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions;	2023
Treatment of Acute Pain in Patients on Naltrexone: A Narrative Review. Current pain and headache reports, 2023, Volume: 27, Issue:7 Topics: Acute Pain; Analgesics, Opioid; Buprenorphine; Humans; Methadone; Naltrexone; Opiate Substitution Tr	2023
Intravenous Methadone for Perioperative and Chronic Cancer Pain: A Review of the Literature. Drugs, 2023, Volume: 83, Issue:10 Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Cancer Pain; Chronic Pain; Humans; Methadone; Neoplasms; Pain, Posto	2023
Intraoperative methadone administration and postoperative pain control: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain, 2020, Volume: 161, Issue:2 Topics: Airway Extubation; Analgesics, Opioid; Humans; Hypoxia; Intraoperative Care; Length of Stay; Methado	2020
Intraoperative Methadone Reduces Pain and Opioid Consumption in Acute Postoperative Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2019, Volume: 129, Issue:6 Topics: Acute Pain; Analgesics, Opioid; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Intraoperative Care; Methadone; Pa	2019
[Intraoperative methadone for post-operative pain]. Ugeskrift for laeger, 2020, 08-10, Volume: 182, Issue:33 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Humans; Methadone; Pain, Postoperative	2020
Acute Pain Management of Chronic Pain Patients in Ambulatory Surgery Centers. Current pain and headache reports, 2021, Jan-14, Volume: 25, Issue:1 Topics: Acute Pain; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Conduction; Buprenorphine, Naloxone Drug Combination; Ch	2021
Effect of intraoperative methadone vs other opioids on postoperative outcomes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. Pain, 2022, 02-01, Volume: 163, Issue:2 Topics: Airway Extubation; Analgesics, Opioid; Humans; Methadone; Pain, Postoperative; Randomized Controlled	2022
[Pain management for cancer patients in drug-assisted rehabilitation]. Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke, 2018, 01-23, Volume: 138, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal	2018
Post-cesarean delivery pain. Management of the opioid-dependent patient before, during and after cesarean delivery. International journal of obstetric anesthesia, 2019, Volume: 39 Topics: Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Buprenorphine; Cesarean Section; Female; Humans; Methadone; Naltrexon	2019
Intraoperative Methadone in Surgical Patients: A Review of Clinical Investigations. Anesthesiology, 2019, Volume: 131, Issue:3 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Humans; Intraoperative Care; Methadone; Pain, Postoperative	2019
New Pain Management Options for the Surgical Patient on Methadone and Buprenorphine. Current pain and headache reports, 2016, Volume: 20, Issue:3 Topics: Buprenorphine; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Methadone; Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome	2016
[Treatment of acute pain during drug-assisted rehabilitation]. Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke, 2010, Apr-08, Volume: 130, Issue:7 Topics: Acetaminophen; Acute Disease; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Anti-Inflammatory Agents	2010
Acute pain management in opioid-tolerant patients: a growing challenge. Anaesthesia and intensive care, 2011, Volume: 39, Issue:5 Topics: Acute Disease; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Australia; Buprenorphine; Buprenorphine, Nal	2011
Review article: perioperative pain management of patients on methadone therapy. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2005, Volume: 52, Issue:5 Topics: Drug Interactions; Drug Overdose; Humans; Methadone; Opioid-Related Disorders; Pain, Postoperative	2005
Practical guide to opioids and their complications in managing cancer pain. What oncologists need to know. Oncology (Williston Park, N.Y.), 2007, Volume: 21, Issue:10 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Chronic Disease; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Routes; D	2007
The opioid-dependent patient with acute pain. Hospital practice (Office ed.), 1987, Nov-15, Volume: 22, Issue:11 Topics: Acute Disease; Humans; Methadone; Narcotics; Opioid-Related Disorders; Pain; Pain, Postoperative; Su	1987

Article	Year
Impact of intraoperative methadone use on postoperative opioid requirements after cardiac surgery. American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 2022, 04-01, Volume: 79, Issue:8 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Fentanyl; Humans; Methadone; Pain, Postoperative	2022
Comparison Between Preoperative Methadone and Buprenorphine Use on Postoperative Opioid Requirement: A Retrospective Cohort Study. The Clinical journal of pain, 2022, 02-08, Volume: 38, Issue:5 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Buprenorphine; Humans; Methadone; Opioid-Related Disorders; Pain, Postoperative;	2022
Scheduled methadone reduces overall opioid requirements after pediatric posterior spinal fusion: A single center retrospective case series. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2022, Volume: 32, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Opioid; Child; Humans; Hydromorphone; Methado	2022
Post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) observed in a clinical study designed to assess the analgesic effects of intravenous and subcutaneous methadone in dogs. Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997), 2022, Volume: 287 Topics: Analgesia; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Bupivacaine; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Methadone; Pain, Postoperat	2022
Analgesic efficacy of a bilateral erector spinae plane block versus a fentanyl constant rate infusion in dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy: a retrospective cohort study. BMC veterinary research, 2022, Dec-05, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Analgesics; Anesthetics; Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Fentanyl; Methadone; Nerve Block; Pain, Postop	2022
Analgesic efficacy of a bilateral erector spinae plane block versus a fentanyl constant rate infusion in dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy: a retrospective cohort study. BMC veterinary research, 2022, Dec-05, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Analgesics; Anesthetics; Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Fentanyl; Methadone; Nerve Block; Pain, Postop	2022
Analgesic efficacy of a bilateral erector spinae plane block versus a fentanyl constant rate infusion in dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy: a retrospective cohort study. BMC veterinary research, 2022, Dec-05, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Analgesics; Anesthetics; Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Fentanyl; Methadone; Nerve Block; Pain, Postop	2022
Analgesic efficacy of a bilateral erector spinae plane block versus a fentanyl constant rate infusion in dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy: a retrospective cohort study. BMC veterinary research, 2022, Dec-05, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Analgesics; Anesthetics; Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Fentanyl; Methadone; Nerve Block; Pain, Postop	2022
Single-Center Retrospective Comparison of Opioid-Based and Multimodal Analgesic Regimens in Adult Cardiac Surgery. Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia, 2023, Volume: 37, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Dexmedetomidine; Humans; Methado	2023
Retrospective Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Intraoperative Methadone for Pain Management in Patients Undergoing Elective Intracranial Surgery. World neurosurgery, 2023, Volume: 175 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Humans; Methadone; Pain Management; Pain, Postoperative; Retrospect	2023
A comparison of postpartum opioid consumption and opioid discharge prescriptions among opioid-naïve patients and those with opioid use disorder. American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM, 2023, Volume: 5, Issue:8 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Buprenorphine; Drug Prescriptions; Female; Humans; Methadone; Morphine Derivativ	2023
Perioperative Methadone: Perilous or Pain Panacea? Anesthesia and analgesia, 2023, 07-01, Volume: 137, Issue:1 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Humans; Methadone; Pain; Pain, Postoperative	2023
Pro-Con Debate: Role of Methadone in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocols-Superior Analgesic or Harmful Drug? Anesthesia and analgesia, 2023, 07-01, Volume: 137, Issue:1 Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Enhanced Recovery After Surgery; Humans; Methadone; Pain, Postoperat	2023
Opioid and Methadone Use for Infants With Surgically Treated Necrotizing Enterocolitis. JAMA network open, 2023, Jun-01, Volume: 6, Issue:6 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Child; Cohort Studies; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing; Female; Humans; Infant; Infan	2023
Comparison of oral versus intravenous methadone on postoperative pain and opioid use after adult spinal deformity surgery: A retrospective, non-inferiority analysis. PloS one, 2023, Volume: 18, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Cohort Studies; Humans; Long QT Syndrome; Methadone; Morphine; Opioid-Rel	2023
The place of methadone in the Game of the Goose for postoperative pain. Minerva anestesiologica, 2019, Volume: 85, Issue:10 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Geese; Humans; Methadone; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative	2019
Intraoperative Methadone Is Associated with Decreased Perioperative Opioid Use Without Adverse Events: A Case-Matched Cohort Study. Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia, 2020, Volume: 34, Issue:2 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Cohort Studies; Humans; Methadone; Pain, Postoperative; Retrospective Studies	2020
Methadone: New Indications for an Old Drug? Anesthesia and analgesia, 2019, Volume: 129, Issue:6 Topics: Acute Pain; Analgesics, Opioid; Humans; Methadone; Pain, Postoperative	2019
Safety aspects of opioid-naïve patients with high-grade glioma treated with D,L-Methadone: an observational case series. Neurosurgical review, 2021, Volume: 44, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Brain Neoplasms; Cancer Pain; Female; Glioma; Humans; Male; Methadone; Mi	2021
The effect of intraoperative methadone during pediatric cardiac surgery on postoperative opioid requirements. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2020, Volume: 30, Issue:7 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Child; Fentanyl; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Methadone	2020
Methadone and Chronic Pain: Reply. Anesthesiology, 2020, Volume: 133, Issue:3 Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Chronic Pain; Humans; Methadone; Pain,	2020
Methadone and Chronic Pain: Comment. Anesthesiology, 2020, Volume: 133, Issue:3 Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Chronic Pain; Humans; Methadone; Pain,	2020
Perioperative analgesia associated with oral administration of a novel methadone-fluconazole-naltrexone formulation in dogs undergoing routine ovariohysterectomy. American journal of veterinary research, 2020, Volume: 81, Issue:9 Topics: Administration, Oral; Analgesia; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Fluconazol	2020
Impact of intra-operative methadone on quality of life 3 months after laparoscopic gastroplasty. Anaesthesia, 2021, Volume: 76, Issue:3 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Follow-Up Studies; Gastroplasty; Humans; Intraoperative Care; Methadone; Pain, P	2021
Impact of Intravenous Methadone Administered Intraoperatively on Postoperative Opioid Utilization. The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 2021, Volume: 55, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Analgesics, Opioid; Humans; Methadone; Opioid-Related Disorders; Pain, Postoperative; Pr	2021
Methadone and Ketamine: Boosting Benefits and Still More to Learn. Anesthesiology, 2021, 05-01, Volume: 134, Issue:5 Topics: Double-Blind Method; Humans; Ketamine; Methadone; Pain, Postoperative; Spine	2021
Acute Pain Management for Patients with Substance Use Disorder Receiving Buprenorphine or Methadone Compared to Patients without Opioid-Dependence Disorder. Journal of pain & palliative care pharmacotherapy, 2021, Volume: 35, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Buprenorphine; Humans; Methadone; Opioid-Related Disorders; Pain Management; Pai	2021
Pharmacokinetic modeling of R and S-Methadone and their metabolites to study the effects of various covariates in post-operative children. CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology, 2021, Volume: 10, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Analgesics, Opioid; Biological Variation, Individual; Biological Variation, Population;	2021
Use of Chronic Methadone Before Total Knee Arthroplasty. The Journal of arthroplasty, 2017, Volume: 32, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia; Arthroplasty, Replacemen	2017
Use of Methadone to Reverse Opioid Escalation in a Patient With Surgical Pain. Journal of pain & palliative care pharmacotherapy, 2018, Volume: 32, Issue:1 Topics: Abdominal Pain; Acute Pain; Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Toleran	2018
A retrospective comparison of two analgesic strategies after uncomplicated tibial plateau levelling osteotomy in dogs. Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia, 2018, Volume: 45, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Case-Control Studies; Dogs; Female; Male; Methadone; Osteotomy; Pain Measuremen	2018
Effect of 5% transdermal lidocaine patches on postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy. The Journal of small animal practice, 2019, Volume: 60, Issue:3 Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Dogs; Lidocaine; Methadone; Pain, Postoperative; Prospective Studies	2019
Prevention of post-operative hyperalgesia in a heroin-addicted patient on methadone maintenance. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics, 2019, Volume: 44, Issue:3 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Heroin; Humans; Hyperalgesia; Ketamine; Male; Methadone; Middle Aged; Opioid-Rel	2019
Pain relief and opioid requirements in the first 24 hours after surgery in patients taking buprenorphine and methadone opioid substitution therapy. Anaesthesia and intensive care, 2013, Volume: 41, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Opioid; Buprenorphine; Cohort Studies; Female; Hum	2013
Clinical care for opioid-using pregnant and postpartum women: the role of obstetric providers. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2014, Volume: 210, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Buprenorphine; Confidentiality; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Emergency Serv	2014
Evaluation of the effects of methadone and tramadol on postoperative analgesia and serum interleukin-6 in dogs undergoing orthopaedic surgery. BMC veterinary research, 2014, Sep-06, Volume: 10 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Anterior Cruciate Ligament; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; Dogs;	2014
Failure to identify or effectively manage prescription opioid dependence acted as a gateway to heroin use-buprenorphine/naloxone treatment and recovery in a surgical patient. BMJ case reports, 2014, Dec-17, Volume: 2014 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Buprenorphine; Codeine; Disease Management; Female; Heroin; Heroin Depend	2014
Opioid Half-lives and Hemlines: The Long and Short of Fashion. Anesthesiology, 2015, Volume: 122, Issue:5 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Male; Methadone; Pain, Postoperative	2015
Tapering and discontinuation of methadone for chronic pain. Journal of pain & palliative care pharmacotherapy, 2015, Volume: 29, Issue:2 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Chronic Pain; Humans; Male; Methadone; Middle Aged; Pain Management; Pain, Posto	2015
Total Joint Arthroplasty in Patients Taking Methadone or Buprenorphine/Naloxone Preoperatively for Prior Heroin Addiction: A Prospective Matched Cohort Study. The Journal of arthroplasty, 2016, Volume: 31, Issue:8 Topics: Aged; Arthroplasty, Replacement; Buprenorphine; Cohort Studies; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans; M	2016
European pain management discussion forum. Journal of pain & palliative care pharmacotherapy, 2008, Volume: 22, Issue:3 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Europe; Herpes Zoster; Humans; Methadone; Morphine; Neural	2008
Intraoperative methadone: rediscovery, reappraisal, and reinvigoration? Anesthesia and analgesia, 2011, Volume: 112, Issue:1 Topics: Humans; Intraoperative Care; Methadone; Pain, Postoperative	2011
Treatment of pain in children after limb-sparing surgery: an institution's 26-year experience. Pain management nursing : official journal of the American Society of Pain Management Nurses, 2011, Volume: 12, Issue:2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal;	2011
Perioperative pharmacokinetics of methadone in adolescents. Anesthesiology, 2011, Volume: 115, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Analgesics, Opioid; Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia, General; Child; Child, Preschool;	2011
Perioperative pharmacokinetics of methadone in adolescents. Anesthesiology, 2011, Volume: 115, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Analgesics, Opioid; Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia, General; Child; Child, Preschool;	2011
Perioperative pharmacokinetics of methadone in adolescents. Anesthesiology, 2011, Volume: 115, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Analgesics, Opioid; Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia, General; Child; Child, Preschool;	2011
Perioperative pharmacokinetics of methadone in adolescents. Anesthesiology, 2011, Volume: 115, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Analgesics, Opioid; Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia, General; Child; Child, Preschool;	2011
Perioperative pharmacokinetics of methadone in adolescents. Anesthesiology, 2011, Volume: 115, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Analgesics, Opioid; Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia, General; Child; Child, Preschool;	2011
Perioperative pharmacokinetics of methadone in adolescents. Anesthesiology, 2011, Volume: 115, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Analgesics, Opioid; Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia, General; Child; Child, Preschool;	2011
Perioperative pharmacokinetics of methadone in adolescents. Anesthesiology, 2011, Volume: 115, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Analgesics, Opioid; Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia, General; Child; Child, Preschool;	2011
Perioperative pharmacokinetics of methadone in adolescents. Anesthesiology, 2011, Volume: 115, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Analgesics, Opioid; Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia, General; Child; Child, Preschool;	2011
Perioperative pharmacokinetics of methadone in adolescents. Anesthesiology, 2011, Volume: 115, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Analgesics, Opioid; Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia, General; Child; Child, Preschool;	2011
Perioperative pharmacokinetics of methadone in adolescents. Anesthesiology, 2011, Volume: 115, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Analgesics, Opioid; Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia, General; Child; Child, Preschool;	2011
Perioperative pharmacokinetics of methadone in adolescents. Anesthesiology, 2011, Volume: 115, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Analgesics, Opioid; Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia, General; Child; Child, Preschool;	2011
Perioperative pharmacokinetics of methadone in adolescents. Anesthesiology, 2011, Volume: 115, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Analgesics, Opioid; Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia, General; Child; Child, Preschool;	2011
Perioperative pharmacokinetics of methadone in adolescents. Anesthesiology, 2011, Volume: 115, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Analgesics, Opioid; Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia, General; Child; Child, Preschool;	2011
Perioperative pharmacokinetics of methadone in adolescents. Anesthesiology, 2011, Volume: 115, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Analgesics, Opioid; Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia, General; Child; Child, Preschool;	2011
Perioperative pharmacokinetics of methadone in adolescents. Anesthesiology, 2011, Volume: 115, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Analgesics, Opioid; Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia, General; Child; Child, Preschool;	2011
Perioperative pharmacokinetics of methadone in adolescents. Anesthesiology, 2011, Volume: 115, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Analgesics, Opioid; Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia, General; Child; Child, Preschool;	2011
Efficacy and safety of intraoperative intravenous methadone during general anaesthesia for caesarean delivery: a retrospective case-control study. International journal of obstetric anesthesia, 2013, Volume: 22, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Genera	2013
Adductor canal nerve catheter for post-operative management of medial ankle pain following ankle fusion. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 2013, Volume: 57, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Ankle; Catheterization, Peripheral; Catheters; Chronic Pain; Female; Huma	2013
Severe intraoperative hypertension and opioid-resistant postoperative pain in a methadone-treated patient. The journal of pain, 2003, Volume: 4, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Drug Resistance; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypertension; Intraoperati	2003
A matched comparison study of medical and psychiatric complications and anesthesia and analgesia requirements in methadone-maintained liver transplant recipients. Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society, 2004, Volume: 10, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Comorbidity; Female; Hepatitis C; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Transpla	2004
Impact of spinal anaesthesia and obesity on maternal respiratory function during elective Caesarean section. Anaesthesia, 2004, Volume: 59, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Body Mass Index; Cesarean Se	2004
[Intrathecal methadone for cancer pain after vulvectomy]. Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion, 2004, Volume: 51, Issue:9 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Carcinoma; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Humans; Hyperalgesia; Hysterectomy	2004
Challenges that opioid-dependent women present to the obstetric anaesthetist. Anaesthesia and intensive care, 2004, Volume: 32, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Cesarean Sect	2004
Concealed mothball abuse prior to anesthesia: mothballs, inhalants, and their management. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 2005, Volume: 49, Issue:1 Topics: Alkanes; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Diskectomy; Female; Humans; Liver Function Test	2005
The effect of intra-articular methadone on postoperative pain following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume, 2005, Volume: 87, Issue:8 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Anterior Cruciate Ligament; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; Humans; Injecti	2005
Intrapartum and postpartum analgesia for women maintained on methadone during pregnancy. Obstetrics and gynecology, 2007, Volume: 110, Issue:2 Pt 1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Opioid; Case-Control Studies; Cesarean	2007
A study of hospitalized surgical patients on methadone maintenance. Drug and alcohol dependence, 1980, Volume: 6, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Drug Interactions; Drug Tolerance; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Male;	1980
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of methadone during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative	1982
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of methadone during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative	1982
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of methadone during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative	1982
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of methadone during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative	1982
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of methadone during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative	1982
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of methadone during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative	1982
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of methadone during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative	1982
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of methadone during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative	1982
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of methadone during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative	1982
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of methadone during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative	1982
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of methadone during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative	1982
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of methadone during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative	1982
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of methadone during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative	1982
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of methadone during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative	1982
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of methadone during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative	1982
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of methadone during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative	1982
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of methadone during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative	1982
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of methadone during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative	1982
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of methadone during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative	1982
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of methadone during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative	1982
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of methadone during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative	1982
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of methadone during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative	1982
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of methadone during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative	1982
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of methadone during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative	1982
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of methadone during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative	1982
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of methadone during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative	1982
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of methadone during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative	1982
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of methadone during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative	1982
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of methadone during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative	1982
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of methadone during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative	1982
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of methadone during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative	1982
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of methadone during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative	1982
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of methadone during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative	1982
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of methadone during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative	1982
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of methadone during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative	1982
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of methadone during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative	1982
Strong analgesics in severe pain. Drugs, 1984, Volume: 28, Issue:1 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Chronic Disease; Cocaine; Fentanyl; Half-Life; Heroin; Humans; Injections, Intra	1984
Postoperative pain control with methadone: influence of supplementary methadone doses and blood concentration--response relationships. Anesthesiology, 1984, Volume: 61, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Kinetics; Methadone; Middl	1984
Postoperative pain control with methadone: influence of supplementary methadone doses and blood concentration--response relationships. Anesthesiology, 1984, Volume: 61, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Kinetics; Methadone; Middl	1984
Postoperative pain control with methadone: influence of supplementary methadone doses and blood concentration--response relationships. Anesthesiology, 1984, Volume: 61, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Kinetics; Methadone; Middl	1984
Postoperative pain control with methadone: influence of supplementary methadone doses and blood concentration--response relationships. Anesthesiology, 1984, Volume: 61, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Kinetics; Methadone; Middl	1984
Postoperative pain control with methadone: influence of supplementary methadone doses and blood concentration--response relationships. Anesthesiology, 1984, Volume: 61, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Kinetics; Methadone; Middl	1984
Postoperative pain control with methadone: influence of supplementary methadone doses and blood concentration--response relationships. Anesthesiology, 1984, Volume: 61, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Kinetics; Methadone; Middl	1984
Postoperative pain control with methadone: influence of supplementary methadone doses and blood concentration--response relationships. Anesthesiology, 1984, Volume: 61, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Kinetics; Methadone; Middl	1984
Postoperative pain control with methadone: influence of supplementary methadone doses and blood concentration--response relationships. Anesthesiology, 1984, Volume: 61, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Kinetics; Methadone; Middl	1984
Postoperative pain control with methadone: influence of supplementary methadone doses and blood concentration--response relationships. Anesthesiology, 1984, Volume: 61, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Kinetics; Methadone; Middl	1984
Postoperative pain control with methadone: influence of supplementary methadone doses and blood concentration--response relationships. Anesthesiology, 1984, Volume: 61, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Kinetics; Methadone; Middl	1984
Postoperative pain control with methadone: influence of supplementary methadone doses and blood concentration--response relationships. Anesthesiology, 1984, Volume: 61, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Kinetics; Methadone; Middl	1984
Postoperative pain control with methadone: influence of supplementary methadone doses and blood concentration--response relationships. Anesthesiology, 1984, Volume: 61, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Kinetics; Methadone; Middl	1984
Postoperative pain control with methadone: influence of supplementary methadone doses and blood concentration--response relationships. Anesthesiology, 1984, Volume: 61, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Kinetics; Methadone; Middl	1984
Postoperative pain control with methadone: influence of supplementary methadone doses and blood concentration--response relationships. Anesthesiology, 1984, Volume: 61, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Kinetics; Methadone; Middl	1984
Postoperative pain control with methadone: influence of supplementary methadone doses and blood concentration--response relationships. Anesthesiology, 1984, Volume: 61, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Kinetics; Methadone; Middl	1984
Postoperative pain control with methadone: influence of supplementary methadone doses and blood concentration--response relationships. Anesthesiology, 1984, Volume: 61, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Kinetics; Methadone; Middl	1984
Postoperative pain control with methadone: influence of supplementary methadone doses and blood concentration--response relationships. Anesthesiology, 1984, Volume: 61, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Kinetics; Methadone; Middl	1984
Postoperative pain control with methadone: influence of supplementary methadone doses and blood concentration--response relationships. Anesthesiology, 1984, Volume: 61, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Kinetics; Methadone; Middl	1984
Postoperative pain control with methadone: influence of supplementary methadone doses and blood concentration--response relationships. Anesthesiology, 1984, Volume: 61, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Kinetics; Methadone; Middl	1984
Postoperative pain control with methadone: influence of supplementary methadone doses and blood concentration--response relationships. Anesthesiology, 1984, Volume: 61, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Kinetics; Methadone; Middl	1984
Postoperative pain control with methadone: influence of supplementary methadone doses and blood concentration--response relationships. Anesthesiology, 1984, Volume: 61, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Kinetics; Methadone; Middl	1984
Postoperative pain control with methadone: influence of supplementary methadone doses and blood concentration--response relationships. Anesthesiology, 1984, Volume: 61, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Kinetics; Methadone; Middl	1984
Postoperative pain control with methadone: influence of supplementary methadone doses and blood concentration--response relationships. Anesthesiology, 1984, Volume: 61, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Kinetics; Methadone; Middl	1984
Postoperative pain control with methadone: influence of supplementary methadone doses and blood concentration--response relationships. Anesthesiology, 1984, Volume: 61, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Kinetics; Methadone; Middl	1984
Postoperative pain control with methadone: influence of supplementary methadone doses and blood concentration--response relationships. Anesthesiology, 1984, Volume: 61, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Kinetics; Methadone; Middl	1984
Methadone produces prolonged postoperative analgesia. British medical journal (Clinical research ed.), 1982, Feb-27, Volume: 284, Issue:6316 Topics: Adult; Half-Life; Humans; Methadone; Pain, Postoperative; Time Factors	1982
Methadone produces prolonged postoperative analgesia. British medical journal (Clinical research ed.), 1982, Feb-27, Volume: 284, Issue:6316 Topics: Adult; Half-Life; Humans; Methadone; Pain, Postoperative; Time Factors	1982
Methadone produces prolonged postoperative analgesia. British medical journal (Clinical research ed.), 1982, Feb-27, Volume: 284, Issue:6316 Topics: Adult; Half-Life; Humans; Methadone; Pain, Postoperative; Time Factors	1982
Methadone produces prolonged postoperative analgesia. British medical journal (Clinical research ed.), 1982, Feb-27, Volume: 284, Issue:6316 Topics: Adult; Half-Life; Humans; Methadone; Pain, Postoperative; Time Factors	1982
Methadone produces prolonged postoperative analgesia. British medical journal (Clinical research ed.), 1982, Apr-10, Volume: 284, Issue:6322 Topics: Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Methadone; Pain, Postoperative	1982
Epidural analgesia for thoracotomy patients. Physiotherapy, 1982, Volume: 68, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Epidural Space; Humans; Methadone; Middle Aged; Pain, Postopera	1982
Postoperative analgesia using epidural methadone. Administration by the lumbar route for thoracic pain relief. Anaesthesia, 1981, Volume: 36, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Epidural Space; Female; Humans; Injections; Male; Methadone; Middle Aged; P	1981
Open letter to doctors and dentists--pain relief in patients on methadone. Australian dental journal, 1994, Volume: 39, Issue:3 Topics: Analgesics; Drug Interactions; Humans; Methadone; Pain, Postoperative; Substance-Related Disorders	1994
Oral premedication with methadone, promethazine and diclofenac. Anaesthesia and intensive care, 1993, Volume: 21, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Oral; Anxiety; Diclofenac; Female; Humans; Male; Methadone; Pain, Postoperative; Pre	1993
[Anesthesia and analgesia in intravenous drug dependent patients with injection abscesses of the upper extremity. Case report]. Handchirurgie, Mikrochirurgie, plastische Chirurgie : Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Handchirurgie : Organ der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Mikrochirurgie der Peripheren Nerven und Gefasse : Organ der V..., 1997, Volume: 29, Issue:1 Topics: Abscess; Adult; Anesthesia, Conduction; Brachial Plexus; Bupivacaine; Cocaine; Etidocaine; Female; H	1997
[Pain therapy]. Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983), 1998, Dec-12, Volume: 27, Issue:39 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Child; Codeine; Humans; Methadone; Neurosurgery;	1998
Blocks and other techniques pediatric surgeons can employ to reduce postoperative pain in pediatric patients. Seminars in pediatric surgery, 1999, Volume: 8, Issue:1 Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacaine; Child;	1999
Personality assessment and postoperative analgesia. A study in male patients undergoing elective gastric surgery. British journal of anaesthesia, 1976, Volume: 48, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia, Endotracheal; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Duodenal Ulcer; Humans; Male;	1976
Epidural sufentanil for acute pain control in a patient with extreme opioid dependency. Anesthesiology, 1992, Volume: 76, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesics; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Methadone; Pain, Postoperative; Po	1992
Methadone as treatment for iatrogenic narcotic dependency in pediatric intensive care unit patients. Critical care medicine, 1990, Volume: 18, Issue:11 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meth	1990
Plasma concentrations of methadone during postoperative patient-controlled extradural analgesia. British journal of anaesthesia, 1990, Volume: 65, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Chromatography, Gas; Dose-Response	1990
Antinociceptive opioid activity ratio. Anesthesiology, 1990, Volume: 72, Issue:6 Topics: Analgesia; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Methadone; Pain, Postoperat	1990
Management of postoperative pain in patients on methadone maintenance. Journal of pain and symptom management, 1989, Volume: 4, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Male; Methadone; Pain, Postoperative; Teratoma; Testicular Neoplas	1989
Intrathecal Opioids, Potency and Lipophilicity. Pain, 1989, Volume: 38, Issue:2 Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Methadone; Narcot	1989
[Postoperative analgesia with epidural methadone]. Harefuah, 1987, Jan-15, Volume: 112, Issue:2 Topics: Anesthesia, Epidural; Humans; Methadone; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative	1987
[Continuous postoperative epidural pump infusion of methadone]. Harefuah, 1987, Mar-15, Volume: 112, Issue:6 Topics: Anesthesia, Epidural; Humans; Infusion Pumps; Methadone; Pain, Postoperative	1987
Application of a new method for measurement of plasma methadone levels to the use of epidural methadone for relief of postoperative pain. Anesthesia and analgesia, 1987, Volume: 66, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Chromatography, Gas; Female; Humans; Injections, Epidural; Male; Met	1987
Urinary function during epidural analgesia with methadone and morphine in post-cesarean section patients. Pain, 1985, Volume: 23, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Epidural; Cesarean Section; Female; Humans; Methadone; Morphine; Pain, Postoperat	1985
Effect of naloxone on the analgesic activity of methadone in a 1:10 oral combination. Time and cost of flirting with the null hypothesis in tests of equivalence. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 1974, Volume: 15, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Analysis of Variance; Blood Pressure; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Ther	1974

methadone and Pain, Postoperative

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (146)

Authors

Clinical Trials (29)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Opioid Consumption

Pain Intensity Measured by a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS)

the Extent of Hyperalgesia Area Proximal to Surgical Wound

Intraoperative Opioid Administration

Opioid Consumption Within First 30 Postoperative Days

Pain Relief Within First 30 Postoperative Days

Postoperative Opioid Administration

Intra- and Post-operative Pain Relief

Post-operative Pain Scores

Total Opioid Dose, in Morphine Equivalents, in the First 24 Hours After Pediatric Cardiac Bypass Surgery.

Opioid-related Adverse Events Including: Respiratory Failure, Cardiovascular Instability, and Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

Post-operative Opioid Consumption (mg/kg)

Opioid Usage

Pain Scores

Opioid Consumption

48 Hour Post-surgical Opioid Use

Average Daily Opioid Use During Admission

Average Daily Patient Pain Score

Post-operative Complications

Recovery Room Opioid Use

Reviews

Trials

Other Studies