methadone and Birth Weight studies

Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3)
methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.
6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.

Birth Weight: The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Compare duration of treatment of neonatal abstinence syndrome between methadone and morphine."	9.20	Methadone versus morphine for treatment of neonatal abstinence syndrome: a prospective randomized clinical trial. ( Brown, MS; Hayes, MJ; Thornton, LM, 2015)
" While methadone-maintenance currently is the standard of care for opioid dependence during pregnancy, research suggests that buprenorphine-maintenance may be associated with shorter infant hospital lengths of stay (LOS) relative to methadone-maintenance."	9.19	Design considerations for point-of-care clinical trials comparing methadone and buprenorphine treatment for opioid dependence in pregnancy and for neonatal abstinence syndrome. ( Hall, ES; Lewis, D; Marcotte, M; Theobald, J; Van Hook, J; Wexelblatt, SL; Wilder, C; Winhusen, T, 2014)
"The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of substitution therapy in heroin addicted pregnant women on the course of pregnancy, perinatal outcomes and course of the neonatal abstinence syndrome."	9.13	Prospective randomised comparative study of the effect of buprenorphine, methadone and heroin on the course of pregnancy, birthweight of newborns, early postpartum adaptation and course of the neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in women followed up in the ( Binder, T; Vavrinková, B, 2008)
"AIMS/DESIGN: Reduction in mean birth weight and increased incidence of low birth weight are both associated with exposure to illicit heroin in pregnancy."	8.79	The relationship between maternal use of heroin and methadone and infant birth weight. ( English, DR; Holman, CD; Hulse, GK; Milne, E, 1997)
"The tapering of methadone or buprenorphine during pregnancy is an understudied and controversial issue."	7.81	Tapering from Methadone or Buprenorphine during Pregnancy: Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Norway 1996-2009. ( Bakstad, B; Bjarkø, L; Ravndal, E; Skurtveit, S; Tanum, L; Waal, H; Welle-Strand, GK, 2015)
"The recommended standard of care calls for treating opioid-dependent pregnant women with methadone and observing neonates exposed in utero for five to seven postnatal days to see if treatment for neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is needed."	7.79	Time to initiation of treatment for neonatal abstinence syndrome in neonates exposed in utero to buprenorphine or methadone. ( Badger, GJ; Gaalema, DE; Heil, SH; Johnston, AM; Metayer, JS, 2013)
"05), birth weight, and neonatal morbidities were similar regardless of the maternal methadone dose."	7.77	Higher maternal doses of methadone does not increase neonatal abstinence syndrome. ( Bombrys, A; Grier, M; Habli, M; Livingston, J; Pizarro, D; Sibai, B, 2011)
"Data from this non-randomized comparison suggest that buprenorphine may offer advantages for treatment of opiate dependence during pregnancy."	7.74	Buprenorphine and methadone treatment of opiate dependence during pregnancy: comparison of fetal growth and neonatal outcomes in two consecutive case series. ( Heilig, M; Kakko, J; Sarman, I, 2008)
"Hyperphagia is commonly found in infants withdrawing from methadone and can be persistent in a significant number."	7.70	Hyperphagia in neonates withdrawing from methadone. ( Kastner, B; Martinez, A; Taeusch, HW, 1999)
"The course of pregnancy and delivery in 28 women under closely supervised methadone maintenance (group 1) was compared with that of 57 women using heroin or methadone under less controlled circumstances (group 2) and with that of 30 women free of mood-altering medications (group 3)."	7.65	Narcotic dependency in pregnancy. Methadone maintenance compared to use of street drugs. ( Adamsons, K; Stimmel, B, 1976)
"Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is the standard treatment of choice for pregnant opiate addicts; however, data on newborn outcomes are contradictory."	5.38	Duration of methadone maintenance treatment during pregnancy and pregnancy outcome parameters in women with opiate addiction. ( Adelson, M; Bloch, M; Dollberg, S; Peles, E; Schreiber, S, 2012)
"Weight loss was less in small for gestational age compared to appropriately grown infants (p<0."	5.38	Postnatal weight loss in substitute methadone-exposed infants: implications for the management of breast feeding. ( Campbell, N; Dryden, C; Mactier, H; Young, D, 2012)
"Compare duration of treatment of neonatal abstinence syndrome between methadone and morphine."	5.20	Methadone versus morphine for treatment of neonatal abstinence syndrome: a prospective randomized clinical trial. ( Brown, MS; Hayes, MJ; Thornton, LM, 2015)
" While methadone-maintenance currently is the standard of care for opioid dependence during pregnancy, research suggests that buprenorphine-maintenance may be associated with shorter infant hospital lengths of stay (LOS) relative to methadone-maintenance."	5.19	Design considerations for point-of-care clinical trials comparing methadone and buprenorphine treatment for opioid dependence in pregnancy and for neonatal abstinence syndrome. ( Hall, ES; Lewis, D; Marcotte, M; Theobald, J; Van Hook, J; Wexelblatt, SL; Wilder, C; Winhusen, T, 2014)
"Maternal weight at delivery, estimated gestational age, infant birthweight, delivery type, maternal nicotine use and days of maternal study medication received and the use of psychotropic medications in pregnancy may play a role in the expression of neonatal abstinence syndrome severity in infants exposed to either methadone or buprenorphine."	5.16	Predicting treatment for neonatal abstinence syndrome in infants born to women maintained on opioid agonist medication. ( Coyle, MG; Heil, SH; Holbrook, AM; Jones, HE; Kaltenbach, K; Martin, PR; Salisbury, AL; Stine, SM, 2012)
" Data patterns suggest that buprenorphine exposure was associated with lower neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) scores."	5.15	Randomized controlled trials in pregnancy: scientific and ethical aspects. Exposure to different opioid medications during pregnancy in an intra-individual comparison. ( Arria, A; Aschauer, C; Bäwert, A; Fischer, G; Jagsch, R; Jones, H; Leitich, H; Rohrmeister, K; Unger, A; Winklbaur, B, 2011)
"During pregnancy, some women were exposed to illicit agents: cannabis (42% in the buprenorphine group vs."	5.15	Buprenorphine versus methadone in pregnant opioid-dependent women: a prospective multicenter study. ( Berrebi, A; Chaumerliac, C; Damase-Michel, C; Garipuy, D; Hammou, Y; Lacroix, I; Lapeyre-Mestre, M; Montastruc, JL; Schmitt, L, 2011)
"One hundred and fourteen subjects were included in the analysis, with 77 in SP (n = 51 methadone, n = 26 buprenorphine), and 37 in CT (n = 19 methadone, n = 18 buprenorphine), comparing maternal concomitant consumption during third trimester, demographic birth data, duration of treatment for neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), morphine dose for NAS treatment and length of hospital stay (LOS)."	5.15	Impact of treatment approach on maternal and neonatal outcome in pregnant opioid-maintained women. ( Aschauer, C; Ebner, N; Fischer, G; Jagsch, R; Metz, V; Pribasnig, A; Würzl, J, 2011)
"This was a secondary analysis of data collected in a prospective randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, multicenter trial (MOTHER study) that examined the comparative safety and efficacy of methadone and buprenorphine during pregnancy."	5.15	Are male neonates more vulnerable to neonatal abstinence syndrome than female neonates? ( Bäwert, A; Coyle, M; Fischer, G; Jagsch, R; Martin, PR; Rohrmeister, K; Unger, A; Winklbaur, B, 2011)
"The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of substitution therapy in heroin addicted pregnant women on the course of pregnancy, perinatal outcomes and course of the neonatal abstinence syndrome."	5.13	Prospective randomised comparative study of the effect of buprenorphine, methadone and heroin on the course of pregnancy, birthweight of newborns, early postpartum adaptation and course of the neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in women followed up in the ( Binder, T; Vavrinková, B, 2008)
" In meta-analyses using unadjusted data and methadone as comparator, buprenorphine was associated with lower risk of preterm birth [RCT risk ratio (RR) = 0."	4.93	Buprenorphine compared with methadone to treat pregnant women with opioid use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of safety in the mother, fetus and child. ( Amick, HR; Jones, HE; Joyce, AR; Kim, MM; Mann, AL; Murrelle, EL; Zedler, BK, 2016)
"AIMS/DESIGN: Reduction in mean birth weight and increased incidence of low birth weight are both associated with exposure to illicit heroin in pregnancy."	4.79	The relationship between maternal use of heroin and methadone and infant birth weight. ( English, DR; Holman, CD; Hulse, GK; Milne, E, 1997)
"We compared the association of methadone, buprenorphine, and short-acting opioid exposure with newborn head circumference (HC) and birth weight (BW), and evaluated gestational age (GA) as a mediator."	4.31	Association of medication-assisted treatment and short acting opioids with newborn head circumference and birth weight. ( Cox, DF; Craig, AK; Cutler, AJ; Gabrielson, SMB; Picarillo, AP, 2023)
"The tapering of methadone or buprenorphine during pregnancy is an understudied and controversial issue."	3.81	Tapering from Methadone or Buprenorphine during Pregnancy: Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Norway 1996-2009. ( Bakstad, B; Bjarkø, L; Ravndal, E; Skurtveit, S; Tanum, L; Waal, H; Welle-Strand, GK, 2015)
"To describe obstetrical and neonatal outcomes including neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in a Canadian cohort of methadone-maintained pregnant women."	3.81	Obstetrical and neonatal outcomes of methadone-maintained pregnant women: a canadian multisite cohort study. ( Abrahams, R; Graves, L; Kahan, M; Kim, T; Ordean, A, 2015)
"To determine if reduced fetal growth in infants of opioid-dependent mothers prescribed methadone maintenance in pregnancy is explained by cigarette smoking or socio-economic deprivation."	3.80	Reduced fetal growth in methadone-maintained pregnancies is not fully explained by smoking or socio-economic deprivation. ( Dryden, C; Mactier, H; Shipton, D; Tappin, DM, 2014)
"The recommended standard of care calls for treating opioid-dependent pregnant women with methadone and observing neonates exposed in utero for five to seven postnatal days to see if treatment for neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is needed."	3.79	Time to initiation of treatment for neonatal abstinence syndrome in neonates exposed in utero to buprenorphine or methadone. ( Badger, GJ; Gaalema, DE; Heil, SH; Johnston, AM; Metayer, JS, 2013)
"05), birth weight, and neonatal morbidities were similar regardless of the maternal methadone dose."	3.77	Higher maternal doses of methadone does not increase neonatal abstinence syndrome. ( Bombrys, A; Grier, M; Habli, M; Livingston, J; Pizarro, D; Sibai, B, 2011)
"Statistically birth weight of newborns was significantly lowest in the group of heroin-addicted women as compared to the group receiving substitution with buprenorphine p<0."	3.74	[The effect of substitution therapy on the birth weight of the newborn, its postpartum adaptation, trophic and course of the neonatal abstinence syndrome]. ( Binder, T; Vavrinková, B, 2007)
"To assess potential risks related to the duration or total amount of fetal methadone exposure during gestation, we compared babies of women who conceived and maintained on methadone throughout pregnancy with babies of women who began methadone treatment during the second or third trimester."	3.74	Outcomes of neonates conceived on methadone maintenance therapy. ( Biles, LA; Leamon, MH; McCarthy, JJ; Stenson, G, 2008)
"Data from this non-randomized comparison suggest that buprenorphine may offer advantages for treatment of opiate dependence during pregnancy."	3.74	Buprenorphine and methadone treatment of opiate dependence during pregnancy: comparison of fetal growth and neonatal outcomes in two consecutive case series. ( Heilig, M; Kakko, J; Sarman, I, 2008)
" Use of heroin alone during pregnancy was recorded in 51 women (50%), methadone alone in 6 (7%), and a combination of heroin and methadone in 9 (11%)."	3.74	Maternal and neonatal effects of substance abuse during pregnancy: our ten-year experience. ( Banovic, I; Bucat, M; Capkun, V; Roje, D; Vucinovic, M; Vucinovic, Z, 2008)
"Although methadone maintenance is the standard treatment of opiate addiction in pregnancy, opinion as to its utility is divided."	3.73	Methadone maintenance program in a Swiss perinatal center: (I): Management and outcome of 89 pregnancies. ( Arlettaz, R; Hebisch, G; Kashiwagi, M; Lauper, U; Zimmermann, R, 2005)
"Hyperphagia is commonly found in infants withdrawing from methadone and can be persistent in a significant number."	3.70	Hyperphagia in neonates withdrawing from methadone. ( Kastner, B; Martinez, A; Taeusch, HW, 1999)
" Women who reduced their methadone dose during pregnancy delivered babies of significantly higher birth weight than those whose methadone dose remained the same or increased (median 3027 g, range 1780-3629 g vs 2645 g, range 580-3720 g)."	3.70	Outcome predictors in pregnant opiate and polydrug users. ( McCarthy, JE; Ruben, SM; Shaw, NJ; Siney, C, 1999)
"A generally accepted management of heroin addiction during pregnancy is treatment with methadone, which reduces the complications of heroin addiction considerably."	3.67	The effect of chronic methadone treatment on intra-uterine growth of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). ( Frencken, HJ; Hein, PR; Schatorjé, JS, 1988)
"The course of pregnancy and delivery in 28 women under closely supervised methadone maintenance (group 1) was compared with that of 57 women using heroin or methadone under less controlled circumstances (group 2) and with that of 30 women free of mood-altering medications (group 3)."	3.65	Narcotic dependency in pregnancy. Methadone maintenance compared to use of street drugs. ( Adamsons, K; Stimmel, B, 1976)
" Mean birthweight of infants born to mothers abusing heroin during the pregnancy was 2,490 gm, an effect primarily of intrauterine growth retardation."	3.65	Differential effects of maternal heroin and methadone use on birthweight. ( Albin, S; Berle, B; Eidelman, AI; Gartner, LM; Kandall, SR; Lowinson, J, 1976)
" Morphine was detected in significant amounts in maternal and fetal urine regardless of whether the mother was on a methadone program or whether she denied any use of heroin during the last trimester of pregnancy."	3.65	A study of factors that influence the severity of neonatal narcotic withdrawal. ( Chavez, CJ; Ostrea, EM; Strauss, ME, 1975)
"Drug addiction during pregnancy has been managed in two ways: the detoxification program and the methadone-maintenance treatment program."	3.65	Drug addiction in pregnancy and the neonate. ( Ackerman, BD; Blinick, G; Jerez, E; Wallach, RC, 1976)
"Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is the gold standard for pregnant women with opioid use disorders."	2.84	Newborn birth-weight of pregnant women on methadone or buprenorphine maintenance treatment: A national contingency management approach trial. ( Adelson, M; Peles, E; Sason, A; Schreiber, S, 2017)
"Birth weight was higher in the buprenorphine group in the two trials that could be pooled (mean difference (MD) -365."	2.49	Maintenance agonist treatments for opiate-dependent pregnant women. ( Amato, L; Bellisario, C; Davoli, M; Ferri, M; Minozzi, S, 2013)
" High maternal dosing of buprenorphine is associated with lower BW and HC Z-scores but dose effect is not seen with methadone."	1.62	Impact of opioid maintenance treatment during pregnancy on neonatal birth weight and head circumference. ( Adekola, H; Bruder, A; Kumar, N; Masten, M; Monga, R; Moustafa, ASZ; Parmar, K; Rocha, FG; Sampath, V, 2021)
"The methadone group had a lower mean newborn birthweight (2874±459 g) and a greater incidence of low birth weight (11."	1.56	Comparison of buprenorphine and methadone in the management of maternal opioid use disorder in full term pregnancies. ( Davis, JA; Garretto, D; Garry, ET; Herrera, KM; Ly, V; Staszewski, CL, 2020)
"Findings were inconclusive regarding bacterial vaginosis (± candidiasis) and trichomoniasis."	1.43	Evaluation of the vaginal flora in pregnant women receiving opioid maintenance therapy: a matched case-control study. ( Farr, A; Hagmann, M; Holzer, I; Husslein, PW; Kiss, H; Kueronya, V; Petricevic, L, 2016)
"Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is the standard treatment of choice for pregnant opiate addicts; however, data on newborn outcomes are contradictory."	1.38	Duration of methadone maintenance treatment during pregnancy and pregnancy outcome parameters in women with opiate addiction. ( Adelson, M; Bloch, M; Dollberg, S; Peles, E; Schreiber, S, 2012)
"Weight loss was less in small for gestational age compared to appropriately grown infants (p<0."	1.38	Postnatal weight loss in substitute methadone-exposed infants: implications for the management of breast feeding. ( Campbell, N; Dryden, C; Mactier, H; Young, D, 2012)
"The aim of this study was to assess the influence of maternal methadone dosage on the severity of neonatal withdrawal."	1.29	Maternal methadone dosage and neonatal withdrawal. ( Darlow, BA; Horwood, LJ; Lennox, R; Malpas, TJ, 1995)
"Relative risk estimates for intrauterine growth retardation of the drug and nicotine group were 3."	1.28	[Drug dependence, smoking and fetal growth retardation]. ( Hanzal, E; Hoffmann, G; Kölbl, H, 1992)
"There are multiple causes for intrauterine growth retardation but one etiology proposed is maternal drugs."	1.27	Maternal drug therapy: effect on fetal and neonatal growth and neurobehavior. ( Hill, RM; Tennyson, LM, 1986)
"The increased rate of prematurity, intrauterine growth retardation, and perinatal complications associated with perinatal exposure to cocaine or methamphetamine was greater than that predicted by coexisting risk factors and was consistent with the pharmacologic properties of these drugs."	1.27	Perinatal cocaine and methamphetamine exposure: maternal and neonatal correlates. ( Dixon, SD; Oro, AS, 1987)
"Methadone appears to cause deficits in behavioral development which can be detected at weaning."	1.26	Methadone exposure in utero: effects on open-field activity in weanling rats. ( Freeman, PR, 1980)
" No significant association was found between maternal dosage of methadone in the last trimester of pregnancy and lentth of gestation, birth weight, or the reported presence of withdrawal symptoms in the neonate."	1.25	Results of 313 consecutive live births of infants delivered to patients in the New York City Methadone Maintenance Treatment Program. ( Bashkow, S; Calko, D; Newman, RG, 1975)
"Several cases of chronic unsuspected infections in addicts' infants are reported, raising the question of the significance of undiagnosed infection as it affects growth."	1.25	Somatic growth effects of perinatal addiction. ( Wilson, GS, 1975)

Research

Studies (102)

Authors

Clinical Trials (5)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Child's Head Circumference Measurement (Measured at Birth)

Child's Length of Hospital Stay

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	57 (55.88)	18.7374
1990's	10 (9.80)	18.2507
2000's	9 (8.82)	29.6817
2010's	22 (21.57)	24.3611
2020's	4 (3.92)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Cutler, AJ	2
Cox, DF	2
Gabrielson, SMB	2
Picarillo, AP	2
Craig, AK	2
Halim, AA	1
Alsayed, B	1
Embarak, S	1
Yaseen, T	1
Dabbous, S	1
Fontaine, O	1
Dueluzeau, R	1
Raibaud, P	1
Chabanet, C	1
Popoff, MR	1
Badoual, J	1
Gabilan, JC	1
Andremont, A	1
Gómez, L	1
Andrés, S	1
Sánchez, J	1
Alonso, JM	1
Rey, J	1
López, F	1
Jiménez, A	1
Yan, Z	1
Zhou, L	1
Zhao, Y	3
Wang, J	6
Huang, L	2
Hu, K	1
Liu, H	4
Wang, H	3
Guo, Z	1
Song, Y	1
Huang, H	4
Yang, R	1
Owen, TW	1
Al-Kaysi, RO	1
Bardeen, CJ	1
Cheng, Q	1
Wu, S	1
Cheng, T	1
Zhou, X	1
Wang, B	4
Zhang, Q	4
Wu, X	2
Yao, Y	3
Ochiai, T	1
Ishiguro, H	2
Nakano, R	2
Kubota, Y	2
Hara, M	1
Sunada, K	1
Hashimoto, K	1
Kajioka, J	1
Fujishima, A	1
Jiao, J	3
Gai, QY	3
Wang, W	2
Zang, YP	2
Niu, LL	2
Fu, YJ	3
Wang, X	4
Yao, LP	1
Qin, QP	1
Wang, ZY	1
Liu, J	4
Aleksic Sabo, V	1
Knezevic, P	1
Borges-Argáez, R	1
Chan-Balan, R	1
Cetina-Montejo, L	1
Ayora-Talavera, G	1
Sansores-Peraza, P	1
Gómez-Carballo, J	1
Cáceres-Farfán, M	1
Jang, J	1
Akin, D	1
Bashir, R	1
Yu, Z	1
Zhu, J	2
Jiang, H	1
He, C	2
Xiao, Z	1
Xu, J	2
Sun, Q	1
Han, D	1
Lei, H	1
Zhao, K	2
Zhu, L	1
Li, X	4
Fu, H	2
Wilson, BK	1
Step, DL	1
Maxwell, CL	1
Gifford, CA	1
Richards, CJ	1
Krehbiel, CR	1
Warner, JM	1
Doerr, AJ	1
Erickson, GE	1
Guretzky, JA	1
Rasby, RJ	1
Watson, AK	1
Klopfenstein, TJ	1
Sun, Y	4
Liu, Z	3
Pham, TD	1
Lee, BK	1
Yang, FC	1
Wu, KH	1
Lin, WP	1
Hu, MK	1
Lin, L	3
Shao, J	1
Sun, M	1
Xu, G	1
Zhang, X	6
Xu, N	1
Wang, R	1
Liu, S	1
He, H	1
Dong, X	2
Yang, M	2
Yang, Q	1
Duan, S	1
Yu, Y	2
Han, J	2
Zhang, C	3
Chen, L	2
Yang, X	1
Li, W	3
Wang, T	2
Campbell, DA	1
Gao, K	1
Zager, RA	1
Johnson, ACM	1
Guillem, A	1
Keyser, J	1
Singh, B	1
Steubl, D	1
Schneider, MP	1
Meiselbach, H	1
Nadal, J	1
Schmid, MC	1
Saritas, T	1
Krane, V	1
Sommerer, C	1
Baid-Agrawal, S	1
Voelkl, J	1
Kotsis, F	1
Köttgen, A	1
Eckardt, KU	1
Scherberich, JE	1
Li, H	4
Yao, L	2
Sun, L	3
Zhu, Z	1
Naren, N	1
Zhang, XX	2
Gentile, GL	1
Rupert, AS	1
Carrasco, LI	1
Garcia, EM	1
Kumar, NG	1
Walsh, SW	1
Jefferson, KK	1
Guest, RL	1
Samé Guerra, D	1
Wissler, M	1
Grimm, J	1
Silhavy, TJ	1
Lee, JH	2
Yoo, JS	1
Kim, Y	1
Kim, JS	2
Lee, EJ	1
Roe, JH	1
Delorme, M	1
Bouchard, PA	1
Simon, M	1
Simard, S	1
Lellouche, F	1
D'Urzo, KA	1
Mok, F	1
D'Urzo, AD	1
Koneru, B	1
Lopez, G	1
Farooqi, A	1
Conkrite, KL	1
Nguyen, TH	1
Macha, SJ	1
Modi, A	1
Rokita, JL	1
Urias, E	1
Hindle, A	1
Davidson, H	1
Mccoy, K	1
Nance, J	1
Yazdani, V	1
Irwin, MS	1
Yang, S	1
Wheeler, DA	1
Maris, JM	1
Diskin, SJ	1
Reynolds, CP	1
Abhilash, L	1
Kalliyil, A	1
Sheeba, V	1
Hartley, AM	2
Meunier, B	2
Pinotsis, N	1
Maréchal, A	2
Xu, JY	1
Genko, N	1
Haraux, F	1
Rich, PR	1
Kamalanathan, M	1
Doyle, SM	1
Xu, C	1
Achberger, AM	1
Wade, TL	1
Schwehr, K	1
Santschi, PH	1
Sylvan, JB	1
Quigg, A	1
Leong, W	1
Xu, W	2
Gao, S	1
Zhai, X	1
Wang, C	2
Gilson, E	1
Ye, J	1
Lu, Y	1
Yan, R	1
Zhang, Y	6
Hu, Z	1
You, Q	1
Cai, Q	1
Yang, D	1
Gu, S	1
Dai, H	1
Zhao, X	1
Gui, C	1
Gui, J	1
Wu, PK	1
Hong, SK	1
Starenki, D	1
Oshima, K	1
Shao, H	1
Gestwicki, JE	1
Tsai, S	1
Park, JI	1
Wang, Y	7
Zhao, R	1
Gu, Z	1
Dong, C	2
Guo, G	1
Li, L	4
Barrett, HE	1
Meester, EJ	1
van Gaalen, K	1
van der Heiden, K	1
Krenning, BJ	1
Beekman, FJ	1
de Blois, E	1
de Swart, J	1
Verhagen, HJ	1
Maina, T	1
Nock, BA	1
Norenberg, JP	1
de Jong, M	1
Gijsen, FJH	1
Bernsen, MR	1
Martínez-Milla, J	1
Galán-Arriola, C	1
Carnero, M	1
Cobiella, J	1
Pérez-Camargo, D	1
Bautista-Hernández, V	1
Rigol, M	1
Solanes, N	1
Villena-Gutierrez, R	1
Lobo, M	1
Mateo, J	1
Vilchez-Tschischke, JP	1
Salinas, B	1
Cussó, L	1
López, GJ	1
Fuster, V	1
Desco, M	1
Sanchez-González, J	1
Ibanez, B	1
van den Berg, P	1
Schweitzer, DH	1
van Haard, PMM	1
Geusens, PP	1
van den Bergh, JP	1
Zhu, X	1
Huang, X	2
Xu, H	2
Yang, G	2
Lin, Z	1
Salem, HF	1
Nafady, MM	1
Kharshoum, RM	1
Abd El-Ghafar, OA	1
Farouk, HO	1
Domiciano, D	1
Nery, FC	1
de Carvalho, PA	1
Prudente, DO	1
de Souza, LB	1
Chalfun-Júnior, A	1
Paiva, R	1
Marchiori, PER	1
Lu, M	2
An, Z	1
Jiang, J	2
Li, J	7
Du, S	1
Zhou, H	1
Cui, J	1
Wu, W	1
Liu, Y	7
Song, J	1
Lian, Q	1
Uddin Ahmad, Z	1
Gang, DD	1
Konggidinata, MI	1
Gallo, AA	1
Zappi, ME	1
Yang, TWW	1
Johari, Y	1
Burton, PR	1
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Shaw, K	1
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Kim, GA	1
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Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Comparison of Buprenorphine vs Buprenorphine/Naloxone on the Effects of Maternal Symptomatology[NCT03740243]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-11-30	Withdrawn (stopped due to No enrollment)
A Pilot Randomized Comparative Effectiveness Clinical Trial of Buprenorphine vs. Methadone for the Treatment of Opioid Dependence in Pregnancy.[NCT03098407]		55 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-04-20	Completed
Prospective Randomized Blinded Trial to Shorten Pharmacologic Treatment of Newborns With Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (NOWS)[NCT04455802]	Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-10-01	Withdrawn (stopped due to termination of funding)
MOms in REcovery (MORE): Defining Optimal Care for Pregnant Women and Infants[NCT04251208]		444 participants (Actual)	Observational	2019-07-30	Active, not recruiting
Maternal Opioid Treatment: Human Experimental Research[NCT00271219]	Phase 3	175 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-07-31	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Intervention	cm (Mean)
A Methadone	33.0
B Buprenorphine	33.8

(NCT00271219)
Timeframe: delivery until hospital discharge (min=2 days, max=79 days)

Child's Peak Daily Total NAS Score

Intervention	days (Mean)
A Methadone	17.5
B Buprenorphine	10.0

NAS was measured with the MOTHER NAS scale, which includes 28 items, 19 of which are used for scoring and medication decisions. Scores can range from 0 to 42, with higher scores indicating more severe withdrawal. (NCT00271219)
Timeframe: minimum twice daily from birth until NAS no longer measured (min=10 days)

Mother's HIV Risk Behaviors (Measured Monthly by Risk Behavior Assessment)

Intervention	Score on the scale (Mean)
A Methadone	12.8
B Buprenorphine	11.0

(NCT00271219)
Timeframe: monthly from study entry until discontinuation or delivery (min=29 days, max=239 days)

Mother's Measures of Dose Adequacy and Acceptance Over Time (Measured Weekly by Dose Adequacy Measure)

Intervention	percentage of HIV risk behaviors (Number)
A Methadone	NA
B Buprenorphine	NA

Pregnant women maintained on an opioid agonist medication may require upward adjustment to their medication during the course of pregnant. The Dose Adequacy Measure represented a recordation of dosing adjustments during the course of the study. (NCT00271219)
Timeframe: from study entry until discontinuation or delivery (min=29 days, max=239 days)

Mother's Psychosocial Functioning at Delivery as Measured by the Addiction Severity Index Psychosocial Index Score

Intervention	dose increase per trimester (Number)
A Methadone	NA
B Buprenorphine	NA

The Addiction Severity Index is a structured clinical interview that assesses problem severity in 7 areas of functioning: alcohol use, drug use, medical, legal, employment, psychosocial, and psychiatric status. Each area of functioning yields a composite scale score between 0 and 1, with higher scores indicating greater problem severity in that area. Only the psychosocial index was examined in this study. (NCT00271219)
Timeframe: at delivery

Mother's Self-report of Drug Use (Measured Monthly by Time Line Follow Back)

Intervention	Score on the scale (Mean)
Methadone	.014
Buprenorphine	.088

(NCT00271219)
Timeframe: monthly from study entry until discontinuation or delivery (min=29 days, max=239 days)

Number of Children Requiring Treatment for Neonatal Abstinence Signs (NAS)

Intervention	percentage of drug use (Number)
A Methadone	NA
B Buprenorphine	NA

Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) characterized by hyperirritability of the central nervous system and dysfunction in the autonomic nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and respiratory system.11 When left untreated, NAS can result in serious illness (e.g., diarrhea, feeding difficulties, weight loss, and seizures) and death. (NCT00271219)
Timeframe: From birth until hospital discharge (min=4 days, max=10, depending on site)

Total Amount of Morphine Sulfate That a Neonate Receives to Treat NAS

Intervention	participants (Number)
A Methadone	41
B Buprenorphine	27

Total amount in mg (NCT00271219)
Timeframe: Start of NAS treatment until discontinuation of NAS treatment (min=0 days, max=76 days)

Article	Year
The Egyptian journal of chest diseases and tuberculosis, 2016, Volume: 65, Issue:1 Topics: A549 Cells; Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine; Acinetobacter baumannii; Acute Lung Injury; Adaptor P	2016
Maintenance agonist treatments for opiate-dependent pregnant women. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2020, 11-09, Volume: 11 Topics: Birth Weight; Buprenorphine; Delayed-Action Preparations; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; M	2020
Maintenance agonist treatments for opiate-dependent pregnant women. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2013, Dec-23, Issue:12 Topics: Birth Weight; Buprenorphine; Delayed-Action Preparations; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; M	2013
Buprenorphine compared with methadone to treat pregnant women with opioid use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of safety in the mother, fetus and child. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2016, Volume: 111, Issue:12 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Analgesics, Opioid; Birth Weight; Buprenorphine; Female; Fetal Death; F	2016
Maintenance agonist treatments for opiate dependent pregnant women. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2008, Apr-16, Issue:2 Topics: Birth Weight; Buprenorphine; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Methadone; Narcotics; Opioid-R	2008
Male mediated drug effects on offspring. Progress in clinical and biological research, 1980, Volume: 36 Topics: Animals; Birth Weight; Fathers; Female; Humans; Litter Size; Male; Methadone; Morphine; Pregnancy; R	1980
The relationship between maternal use of heroin and methadone and infant birth weight. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 1997, Volume: 92, Issue:11 Topics: Birth Weight; Female; Heroin; Humans; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Methadone; Opioid-R	1997
Narcotic poisoning of children (1) through accidental ingestion of methadone and (2) in utero. Pediatrics, 1974, Volume: 54, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Apgar Score; Birth Weight; Child; Child Care; Female; Gestational Age; Heroin	1974

Article	Year
The Egyptian journal of chest diseases and tuberculosis, 2016, Volume: 65, Issue:1 Topics: A549 Cells; Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine; Acinetobacter baumannii; Acute Lung Injury; Adaptor P	2016
Design considerations for point-of-care clinical trials comparing methadone and buprenorphine treatment for opioid dependence in pregnancy and for neonatal abstinence syndrome. Contemporary clinical trials, 2014, Volume: 39, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Birth Weight; Buprenorphine; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Length of Stay; Methadone; Neon	2014
Methadone versus morphine for treatment of neonatal abstinence syndrome: a prospective randomized clinical trial. Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2015, Volume: 35, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Birth Weight; Buprenorphine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gestational Age; Human	2015
Newborn birth-weight of pregnant women on methadone or buprenorphine maintenance treatment: A national contingency management approach trial. The American journal on addictions, 2017, Volume: 26, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Alcohol Drinking; Birth Weight; Buprenorphine; Cigarette Smoking; Female; Human	2017
Maternal methadone dose, placental methadone concentrations, and neonatal outcomes. Clinical chemistry, 2011, Volume: 57, Issue:3 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Apgar Score; Birth Weight; Body Size; Cephalometry; Cocaine; Female; Gestational	2011
Randomized controlled trials in pregnancy: scientific and ethical aspects. Exposure to different opioid medications during pregnancy in an intra-individual comparison. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2011, Volume: 106, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Birth Weight; Buprenorphine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Infant,	2011
Buprenorphine versus methadone in pregnant opioid-dependent women: a prospective multicenter study. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2011, Volume: 67, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Birth Weight; Buprenorphine; Female; Heroin; Heroin Dependence; Humans; I	2011
Impact of treatment approach on maternal and neonatal outcome in pregnant opioid-maintained women. Human psychopharmacology, 2011, Volume: 26, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Austria; Birth Weight; Buprenorphine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; I	2011
Are male neonates more vulnerable to neonatal abstinence syndrome than female neonates? Gender medicine, 2011, Volume: 8, Issue:6 Topics: Birth Weight; Buprenorphine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Methadone;	2011
Predicting treatment for neonatal abstinence syndrome in infants born to women maintained on opioid agonist medication. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2012, Volume: 107 Suppl 1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Birth Weight; Buprenorphine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug	2012
Prospective randomised comparative study of the effect of buprenorphine, methadone and heroin on the course of pregnancy, birthweight of newborns, early postpartum adaptation and course of the neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in women followed up in the Neuro endocrinology letters, 2008, Volume: 29, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Birth Weight; Buprenorphine; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Heroin; Heroin Dependence; Hum	2008

Article	Year
Association of medication-assisted treatment and short acting opioids with newborn head circumference and birth weight. Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2023, Volume: 43, Issue:3 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Birth Weight; Buprenorphine; Cesarean Section; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn;	2023
Association of medication-assisted treatment and short acting opioids with newborn head circumference and birth weight. Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2023, Volume: 43, Issue:3 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Birth Weight; Buprenorphine; Cesarean Section; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn;	2023
Association of medication-assisted treatment and short acting opioids with newborn head circumference and birth weight. Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2023, Volume: 43, Issue:3 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Birth Weight; Buprenorphine; Cesarean Section; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn;	2023
Association of medication-assisted treatment and short acting opioids with newborn head circumference and birth weight. Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2023, Volume: 43, Issue:3 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Birth Weight; Buprenorphine; Cesarean Section; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn;	2023
Comparison of buprenorphine and methadone in the management of maternal opioid use disorder in full term pregnancies. Journal of perinatal medicine, 2020, Sep-25, Volume: 48, Issue:7 Topics: Birth Weight; Buprenorphine; Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Length of Stay; M	2020
Impact of opioid maintenance treatment during pregnancy on neonatal birth weight and head circumference. Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine, 2021, Volume: 14, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Birth Weight; Buprenorphine; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meth	2021
Treating women with opioid use disorder during pregnancy in Appalachia: Initial neonatal outcomes following buprenorphine + naloxone exposure. The American journal on addictions, 2018, Volume: 27, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Appalachian Region; Birth Weight; Buprenorphine, Naloxone Drug Combination; Female; Humans; I	2018
Time to initiation of treatment for neonatal abstinence syndrome in neonates exposed in utero to buprenorphine or methadone. Drug and alcohol dependence, 2013, Nov-01, Volume: 133, Issue:1 Topics: Birth Weight; Buprenorphine; Case-Control Studies; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn;	2013
Reduced fetal growth in methadone-maintained pregnancies is not fully explained by smoking or socio-economic deprivation. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2014, Volume: 109, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Birth Weight; Cohort Studies; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Head; Hum	2014
Commentary on Mactier et al. (2014): Methadone-assisted treatment and the complexity of influences on fetal development. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2014, Volume: 109, Issue:3 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Birth Weight; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Humans; Male; Methadone; Opioid-	2014
Tapering from Methadone or Buprenorphine during Pregnancy: Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Norway 1996-2009. European addiction research, 2015, Volume: 21, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Birth Weight; Buprenorphine; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; M	2015
Obstetrical and neonatal outcomes of methadone-maintained pregnant women: a canadian multisite cohort study. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal d'obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada : JOGC, 2015, Volume: 37, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Birth Weight; Breast Feeding; Canada; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lengt	2015
Evaluation of the vaginal flora in pregnant women receiving opioid maintenance therapy: a matched case-control study. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2016, 08-05, Volume: 16, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Asymptomatic Infections; Austria; Birth Weight; Buprenorphine; Candidiasi	2016
Maternal and neonatal effects of substance abuse during pregnancy: our ten-year experience. Yonsei medical journal, 2008, Oct-31, Volume: 49, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Apgar Score; Birth Weight; Croatia; Female; Heroin; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Incidence; Inf	2008
Postnatal weight loss in substitute methadone-exposed infants: implications for the management of breast feeding. Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition, 2012, Volume: 97, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Birth Weight; Bottle Feeding; Breast Feeding; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; In	2012
Higher maternal doses of methadone does not increase neonatal abstinence syndrome. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 2011, Volume: 40, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Birth Weight; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Methadone; N	2011
Duration of methadone maintenance treatment during pregnancy and pregnancy outcome parameters in women with opiate addiction. Journal of addiction medicine, 2012, Volume: 6, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Birth Weight; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newb	2012
Methadone maintenance program in a Swiss perinatal center: (I): Management and outcome of 89 pregnancies. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 2005, Volume: 84, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Birth Weight; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Cohort Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dr	2005
[The effect of substitution therapy on the birth weight of the newborn, its postpartum adaptation, trophic and course of the neonatal abstinence syndrome]. Ceska gynekologie, 2007, Volume: 72, Issue:4 Topics: Apgar Score; Birth Weight; Buprenorphine; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Heroin Dependence; Human	2007
Outcomes of neonates conceived on methadone maintenance therapy. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 2008, Volume: 35, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Birth Weight; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant,	2008
Buprenorphine and methadone treatment of opiate dependence during pregnancy: comparison of fetal growth and neonatal outcomes in two consecutive case series. Drug and alcohol dependence, 2008, Jul-01, Volume: 96, Issue:1-2 Topics: Birth Weight; Buprenorphine; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Infant Mor	2008
Perinatal addiction: the effects of maternal narcotic and nonnarcotic substance abuse on the fetus and neonate. NIDA research monograph, 1984, Volume: 49 Topics: Adult; Arousal; Birth Weight; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, D	1984
Drug addiction during pregnancy. Biological research in pregnancy and perinatology, 1983, Volume: 4, Issue:3 Topics: Birth Weight; Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Fetal Monitoring; Follow-Up Studies; Heroin; Heroin Depen	1983
A comprehensive care program for pregnant addicts: obstetrical, neonatal, and child development outcomes. The International journal of the addictions, 1984, Volume: 19, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Birth Weight; Child Development; Counseling; Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Gestational Age; He	1984
The effects of perinatal addiction on pulmonary function in the newborn. NIDA research monograph, 1982, Volume: 41 Topics: Birth Weight; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Lung; M	1982
Parental methadone treatment: a multigenerational study of development and behavior in offspring. Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics, 1983, Volume: 6, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Birth Weight; Body Weight; Brain; Female; Growth; Growth Disorders; Human	1983
Influence of concurrent testosterone on the effects of methadone on male rats and their progeny. Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics, 1980, Volume: 1, Issue:2-3 Topics: Animals; Birth Weight; Body Weight; Female; Fetus; Genitalia, Male; Litter Size; Male; Methadone; Pr	1980
Polydrug- and methadone-addicted newborns: a continuum of impairment? Pediatrics, 1982, Volume: 70, Issue:2 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Birth Weight; Child Behavior; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Infant	1982
The Northwestern University Drug Dependence Program: the impact of intensive prenatal care on labor and delivery outcomes. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1982, Sep-01, Volume: 144, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Apgar Score; Birth Weight; Cephalometry; Counseling; Female; Fetus; Gestational Age; Humans;	1982
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Methadone dependence and its effects on consecutive pregnancies. The practising midwife, 2000, Volume: 3, Issue:9 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Birth Weight; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation;	2000
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Differential effects of heroin and methadone on birth weights. Addictive diseases, 1975, Volume: 2, Issue:1-2 Topics: Birth Weight; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Fetus; Gestational Age; Heroin Dependence; H	1975
Effect of maternal heroin addiction on 67 liveborn neonates. Withdrawal symptoms, small body size, and small head circumference were frequent findings. Clinical pediatrics, 1975, Volume: 14, Issue:8 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Abnormalities, Multiple; Adult; Birth Weight; Blood Glucose; Cephalomet	1975
Clinical observations on methadone-maintained pregnancies. Addictive diseases, 1975, Volume: 2, Issue:1-2 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Birth Weight; Counseling; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Fet	1975
Methadone during pregnancy in the rat: dose level effects on maternal and perinatal mortality and growth in the offspring. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1976, Volume: 197, Issue:1 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Birth Weight; Body Weight; Female; Fetal Death; Fetus; Gestati	1976
Sub-lethal effects on offspring of male rats treated with methadone before mating. Research communications in chemical pathology and pharmacology, 1976, Volume: 13, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Birth Weight; Body Weight; Female; Fertility; Growth; Male; Methadone; Pregnancy; Rats; Sex	1976
Drug addiction in pregnancy and the neonate. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1976, May-15, Volume: 125, Issue:2 Topics: Alcoholic Intoxication; Birth Weight; Diazepam; Female; Heroin Dependence; Hospitalization; Humans;	1976
[Drug dependence, smoking and fetal growth retardation]. Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde, 1992, Volume: 52, Issue:7 Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Adult; Birth Weight; Drug Synergism; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Gestat	1992
The effect of chronic oral methadone treatment on monkey chorionic gonadotropin, estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, progesterone, prolactin and cortisol levels during pregnancy in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, 1991, Jan-30, Volume: 38, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Birth Weight; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Dehydroepiandrosterone; Estradiol; Female; Fetal Grow	1991
[Prenatal development and postnatal morbidity of newborn infants of HIV positive mothers]. Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Kinderheilkunde, 1990, Volume: 138, Issue:12 Topics: Birth Weight; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Gestational Age; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Infant,	1990
Infrequent neonatal opiate withdrawal following maternal methadone detoxification during pregnancy. Journal of perinatal medicine, 1990, Volume: 18, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Birth Weight; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Maternal-Feta	1990
Effects of cocaine on pregnancy outcome. NIDA research monograph, 1986, Volume: 67 Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Birth Weight; Body Height; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Maternal-F	1986
Perinatal and developmental outcome of infants exposed to methadone in-utero. NIDA research monograph, 1987, Volume: 76 Topics: Birth Weight; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Methadone; Pregnancy	1987
The use of tricyclic antidepressants in methadone maintained pregnant women and infant outcome. NIDA research monograph, 1988, Volume: 81 Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Apgar Score; Birth Weight; Demography; Female; Heroin Depen	1988
The effect of chronic methadone treatment on intra-uterine growth of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, 1988, Volume: 27, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Birth Weight; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Female; Macaca fascicularis; Methadone; Preg	1988
Maternal drug therapy: effect on fetal and neonatal growth and neurobehavior. Neurotoxicology, 1986,Summer, Volume: 7, Issue:2 Topics: Aminopterin; Amphetamines; Animals; Anticoagulants; Anticonvulsants; Antihypertensive Agents; Birth	1986
Perinatal cocaine and methamphetamine exposure: maternal and neonatal correlates. The Journal of pediatrics, 1987, Volume: 111, Issue:4 Topics: Apgar Score; Birth Weight; Child Behavior; Cocaine; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Gestational Ag	1987
Impact of maternal drug dependency on birth weight and head circumference of offspring. American journal of diseases of children (1960), 1987, Volume: 141, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Birth Weight; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Fetus; Head; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Methado	1987
Estriol excretion profiles in narcotic-addicted pregnant women. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1972, Volume: 112, Issue:5 Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; 17-Ketosteroids; Adolescent; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Age Fact	1972
The effect of a methadone treatment program upon pregnant heroin addicts and their newborn infants. Pediatrics, 1974, Volume: 54, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Birth Weight; Blood Glucose; Calcium; Female; Fetus; Gestational Age; Heroin Dependence; Huma	1974
Methadone maintenance during pregnancy: pregnancy, birth, and neonate characteristics. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1974, Dec-01, Volume: 120, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Apgar Score; Birth Weight; Female; Gestational Age; Heroin Dependence; Humans; In	1974
Effect of heroin on corticosteroid production in pregnant addicts and their fetuses. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1973, Oct-01, Volume: 117, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Birth Weight; Blood; Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Fetus; Gestational Age; H	1973
Methadone maintenance, pregnancy, and progeny. JAMA, 1973, Jul-30, Volume: 225, Issue:5 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Apgar Score; Birth Weight; Female; Fetal Death; Heroin; Heroin Dependen	1973
Neonatal narcotic addiction. Comparative effects of maternal intake of heroin and methadone. The New England journal of medicine, 1973, Dec-06, Volume: 289, Issue:23 Topics: Adult; Apgar Score; Birth Weight; Chlorpromazine; Female; Gestational Age; Heroin Dependence; Humans	1973
Results of 120 deliveries of patients in the New York City methadone maintenance treatment program. Proceedings. National Conference on Methadone Treatment, 1973, Volume: 2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Birth Weight; Delivery, Obstetric; Demography; Ethnicity; Female; Heroin Dependen	1973
Neonatal effects of heroin addiction and methadone-treated pregnancies. Preliminary report on 70 live births. Proceedings. National Conference on Methadone Treatment, 1973, Volume: 2 Topics: Adult; Birth Weight; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Infant, Ne	1973
Late presentation of drug withdrawal symptoms in newborns. American journal of diseases of children (1960), 1974, Volume: 127, Issue:1 Topics: Birth Weight; Camphor; Diazepam; Female; Gestational Age; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Infant; Infant,	1974
Heroin addiction during pregnancy. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1972, May-15, Volume: 113, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amniocentesis; Bilirubin; Birth Weight; Female; Gestational Age; Heroin; Humans;	1972
Sudden deaths in infants born to methadone-maintained addicts. JAMA, 1972, Jun-26, Volume: 220, Issue:13 Topics: Adult; Apgar Score; Birth Weight; Death, Sudden; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant Mortality; Maternal-	1972
Narcotic withdrawal in the newborn. American family physician, 1972, Volume: 6, Issue:1 Topics: Birth Weight; Chlorpromazine; Cocaine; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, N	1972
Observations on heroin and methadone withdrawal in the newborn. Pediatrics, 1971, Volume: 48, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Apgar Score; Birth Weight; Female; Heroin; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newbo	1971
Pregnancy in narcotics addicts treated by medical withdrawal. The methadone detoxification program. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1969, Dec-01, Volume: 105, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Birth Weight; Female; Heroin; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Labor Presentation; Methad	1969

methadone and Birth Weight