Compounds > metformin
Page last updated: 2024-10-30

metformin and Diabetic Retinopathy

metformin has been researched along with Diabetic Retinopathy in 44 studies

Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289)
metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.

Diabetic Retinopathy: Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Metformin, which is widely prescribed for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, regulates blood sugar by inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis and promoting insulin sensitivity to facilitate glucose uptake by cells."9.12New Insight into the Effects of Metformin on Diabetic Retinopathy, Aging and Cancer: Nonapoptotic Cell Death, Immunosuppression, and Effects beyond the AMPK Pathway. ( Cheng, KC; Chiu, CC; Hsu, SK; Lin, YH; Mgbeahuruike, MO; Sheu, SJ; Wang, HD; Wu, CY; Yen, CH, 2021)
"To investigate how sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) add-on therapy for metformin affects diabetic retinopathy (DR) progression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)."8.31Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor add-on therapy for metformin delays diabetic retinopathy progression in diabetes patients: a population-based cohort study. ( Bair, H; Hsu, CY; Hsu, SB; Hung, YT; Li, JX; Lin, CJ, 2023)
"To investigate if metformin use is associated with decreased odds of developing new non-neovascular ("dry") age-related macular degeneration (AMD)."8.31Association of Metformin and Other Diabetes Medication Use and the Development of New-Onset Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Case-Control Study. ( Gonnah, R; Hariprasad, S; Hyman, MJ; Kaufmann, GT; Skondra, D, 2023)
"To investigate the effect of metformin combined with anti-VEGF agents in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME)."8.12Association of metformin treatment with enhanced effect of anti-VEGF agents in diabetic macular edema patients. ( Li, X; Liu, J; Shao, Y; Wang, M; Zhu, Y, 2022)
"To investigate the effect of metformin on the decreased risk of developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for ≥10 years."8.12Association between metformin use and the risk of age-related macular degeneration in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective study. ( Chen, Y; Fan, G; Jiang, J; Wang, N; Wang, Z; Yuan, W; Zhang, H; Zhao, T; Zheng, D, 2022)
"This study established a model to predict the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR) with amino acids selected by partial least squares (PLS) method, and evaluated the effect of metformin on the effect of amino acids on DR in the model."8.12A new predictive model for the concurrent risk of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes patients and the effect of metformin on amino acids. ( Cao, Y; Huang, B; Jiang, R; Luo, W; Song, Z, 2022)
" Metformin (MET) is considered as the first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes patients, and may be especially beneficial in cases of diabetic retinopathy although the precise mechanisms of MET action are not fully elucidated."8.02Protective effect of metformin on rat diabetic retinopathy involves suppression of toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-k B expression and glutamate excitotoxicity. ( Alolayan, SO; Alomar, SY; Atef, H; El-Shafey, M; Elaskary, AA; Eldosoky, M; Elhawary, R; Elkazaz, AY; Gabr, AM; M Barakat, B; Mohamed, AS; Salih, MAK; Youssef, AM; Zaitone, SA, 2021)
"To assess the relationship between metformin use and the severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to investigate the effect of metformin dosage on reducing the incidence of DR."7.96Metformin Treatment Is Associated with a Decreased Risk of Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-Based Cohort Study. ( Fan, YP; Hsiung, CA; Lai, JN; Lin, JL; Liu, HY; Wu, CT; Yang, CC, 2020)
"The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of metformin on dysfunctional retinas in obesity-induced type 2 diabetic mice."7.85The Effects of Metformin on Obesity-Induced Dysfunctional Retinas. ( Chang, JY; Chang, RC; Kim, AJ; Ko, GY; Ko, ML; Shi, L, 2017)
"Aim of the study was to clarify the relationship between metformin-induced vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia and vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes."7.79Relationship between metformin use, vitamin B12 deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia and vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Aizawa, T; Funase, Y; Ouchi, K; Sato, Y; Yamauchi, K, 2013)
"To study some aspects of locally and extraocularly administered methylprednisolone on diffuse diabetic macular edema."7.72Retrobulbar injection of methylprednisolone in diffuse diabetic macular edema. ( Knudsen, LL, 2004)
" Metformin, which is widely prescribed for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, regulates blood sugar by inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis and promoting insulin sensitivity to facilitate glucose uptake by cells."5.12New Insight into the Effects of Metformin on Diabetic Retinopathy, Aging and Cancer: Nonapoptotic Cell Death, Immunosuppression, and Effects beyond the AMPK Pathway. ( Cheng, KC; Chiu, CC; Hsu, SK; Lin, YH; Mgbeahuruike, MO; Sheu, SJ; Wang, HD; Wu, CY; Yen, CH, 2021)
"Of 60,649 eyes, in 1 year after hypoglycemic agent usage, progression rates from severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) were the following: DPP-4 (17%), SGLT-2 (12%), GLP-1 (21%), metformin (18%), and none (20%)."4.31Evaluating the Effect of Hypoglycemic Agents on Diabetic Retinopathy Progression. ( Aggarwal, N; Boucher, N; Ho, AC; Rahimy, E; Saroj, N; Wai, KM, 2023)
"To investigate how sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) add-on therapy for metformin affects diabetic retinopathy (DR) progression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)."4.31Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor add-on therapy for metformin delays diabetic retinopathy progression in diabetes patients: a population-based cohort study. ( Bair, H; Hsu, CY; Hsu, SB; Hung, YT; Li, JX; Lin, CJ, 2023)
"To investigate if metformin use is associated with decreased odds of developing new non-neovascular ("dry") age-related macular degeneration (AMD)."4.31Association of Metformin and Other Diabetes Medication Use and the Development of New-Onset Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Case-Control Study. ( Gonnah, R; Hariprasad, S; Hyman, MJ; Kaufmann, GT; Skondra, D, 2023)
"To investigate the effect of metformin combined with anti-VEGF agents in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME)."4.12Association of metformin treatment with enhanced effect of anti-VEGF agents in diabetic macular edema patients. ( Li, X; Liu, J; Shao, Y; Wang, M; Zhu, Y, 2022)
"To investigate the effect of metformin on the decreased risk of developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for ≥10 years."4.12Association between metformin use and the risk of age-related macular degeneration in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective study. ( Chen, Y; Fan, G; Jiang, J; Wang, N; Wang, Z; Yuan, W; Zhang, H; Zhao, T; Zheng, D, 2022)
"This study established a model to predict the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR) with amino acids selected by partial least squares (PLS) method, and evaluated the effect of metformin on the effect of amino acids on DR in the model."4.12A new predictive model for the concurrent risk of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes patients and the effect of metformin on amino acids. ( Cao, Y; Huang, B; Jiang, R; Luo, W; Song, Z, 2022)
" Metformin (MET) is considered as the first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes patients, and may be especially beneficial in cases of diabetic retinopathy although the precise mechanisms of MET action are not fully elucidated."4.02Protective effect of metformin on rat diabetic retinopathy involves suppression of toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-k B expression and glutamate excitotoxicity. ( Alolayan, SO; Alomar, SY; Atef, H; El-Shafey, M; Elaskary, AA; Eldosoky, M; Elhawary, R; Elkazaz, AY; Gabr, AM; M Barakat, B; Mohamed, AS; Salih, MAK; Youssef, AM; Zaitone, SA, 2021)
"To assess the relationship between metformin use and the severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to investigate the effect of metformin dosage on reducing the incidence of DR."3.96Metformin Treatment Is Associated with a Decreased Risk of Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-Based Cohort Study. ( Fan, YP; Hsiung, CA; Lai, JN; Lin, JL; Liu, HY; Wu, CT; Yang, CC, 2020)
"Our results suggest that metformin may have a protective effect on ocular complications, especially glaucoma, in patients with T2D."3.85Metformin use associated with protective effects for ocular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes - observational study. ( Burnazović-Ristić, L; Gušić, E; Kulo, A; Kusturica, J; Maleškić, S; Rakanović-Todić, M; Šečić, D, 2017)
"The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of metformin on dysfunctional retinas in obesity-induced type 2 diabetic mice."3.85The Effects of Metformin on Obesity-Induced Dysfunctional Retinas. ( Chang, JY; Chang, RC; Kim, AJ; Ko, GY; Ko, ML; Shi, L, 2017)
"Over a 20-year period, patients on dapagliflozin were projected to experience relative reductions in the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, CV death, and all-cause death of 13."3.80Modeling effects of SGLT-2 inhibitor dapagliflozin treatment versus standard diabetes therapy on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes. ( Alperin, P; Cohen, M; Dziuba, J; Goswami, D; Grossman, HL; Hardy, E; Iloeje, U; Perlstein, I; Racketa, J, 2014)
"Aim of the study was to clarify the relationship between metformin-induced vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia and vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes."3.79Relationship between metformin use, vitamin B12 deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia and vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Aizawa, T; Funase, Y; Ouchi, K; Sato, Y; Yamauchi, K, 2013)
"To study some aspects of locally and extraocularly administered methylprednisolone on diffuse diabetic macular edema."3.72Retrobulbar injection of methylprednisolone in diffuse diabetic macular edema. ( Knudsen, LL, 2004)
"Treatment with metformin is occasionally associated with the development of severe lactic acidosis."3.69Contraindications to metformin therapy in patients with NIDDM. ( Bosman, D; Krentz, AJ; Sulkin, TV, 1997)
"The Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescent and Youth study, a randomized clinical trial of three treatments for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in youth, demonstrated treatment failure (defined as sustained HbA1c ≥8%, or inability to wean insulin after 3 months after acute metabolic decomposition) in over half of the participants."2.94Circulating adhesion molecules and associations with HbA1c, hypertension, nephropathy, and retinopathy in the Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescent and Youth study. ( Bacha, F; Braffett, BH; Gidding, SS; Gubitosi-Klug, RA; Levitt Katz, LE; Shah, AS; Shah, RD; Tryggestad, JB; Urbina, EM, 2020)
"Adolescents with type 1 diabetes have early macrovascular changes (increased intima-media thickness [IMT]) and early retinal changes that predict clinical disease in adulthood."2.87Early atherosclerosis is associated with retinal microvascular changes in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. ( Anderson, J; Couper, JJ; Gent, R; Giles, LC; Liew, G; Peña, AS; Wong, TY, 2018)
"Mycophenolic acid was detected in all cats."2.61 ( Abrams, G; Adolfsson, E; Agarwal, PK; Akkan, AG; Al Alhareth, NS; Alves, VGL; Armentano, R; Bahroos, E; Baig, M; Baldridge, KK; Barman, S; Bartolucci, C; Basit, A; Bertoli, SV; Bian, L; Bigatti, G; Bobenko, AI; Boix, PP; Bokulic, T; Bolink, HJ; Borowiec, J; Bulski, W; Burciaga, J; Butt, NS; Cai, AL; Campos, AM; Cao, G; Cao, Y; Čapo, I; Caruso, ML; Chao, CT; Cheatum, CM; Chelminski, K; Chen, AJW; Chen, C; Chen, CH; Chen, D; Chen, G; Chen, H; Chen, LH; Chen, R; Chen, RX; Chen, X; Cherdtrakulkiat, R; Chirvony, VS; Cho, JG; Chu, K; Ciurlino, D; Coletta, S; Contaldo, G; Crispi, F; Cui, JF; D'Esposito, M; de Biase, S; Demir, B; Deng, W; Deng, Z; Di Pinto, F; Domenech-Ximenos, B; Dong, G; Drácz, L; Du, XJ; Duan, LJ; Duan, Y; Ekendahl, D; Fan, W; Fang, L; Feng, C; Followill, DS; Foreman, SC; Fortunato, G; Frew, R; Fu, M; Gaál, V; Ganzevoort, W; Gao, DM; Gao, X; Gao, ZW; Garcia-Alvarez, A; Garza, MS; Gauthier, L; Gazzaz, ZJ; Ge, RS; Geng, Y; Genovesi, S; Geoffroy, V; Georg, D; Gigli, GL; Gong, J; Gong, Q; Groeneveld, J; Guerra, V; Guo, Q; Guo, X; Güttinger, R; Guyo, U; Haldar, J; Han, DS; Han, S; Hao, W; Hayman, A; He, D; Heidari, A; Heller, S; Ho, CT; Ho, SL; Hong, SN; Hou, YJ; Hu, D; Hu, X; Hu, ZY; Huang, JW; Huang, KC; Huang, Q; Huang, T; Hwang, JK; Izewska, J; Jablonski, CL; Jameel, T; Jeong, HK; Ji, J; Jia, Z; Jiang, W; Jiang, Y; Kalumpha, M; Kang, JH; Kazantsev, P; Kazemier, BM; Kebede, B; Khan, SA; Kiss, J; Kohen, A; Kolbenheyer, E; Konai, MM; Koniarova, I; Kornblith, E; Krawetz, RJ; Kreouzis, T; Kry, SF; Laepple, T; Lalošević, D; Lan, Y; Lawung, R; Lechner, W; Lee, KH; Lee, YH; Leonard, C; Li, C; Li, CF; Li, CM; Li, F; Li, J; Li, L; Li, S; Li, X; Li, Y; Li, YB; Li, Z; Liang, C; Lin, J; Lin, XH; Ling, M; Link, TM; Liu, HH; Liu, J; Liu, M; Liu, W; Liu, YP; Lou, H; Lu, G; Lu, M; Lun, SM; Ma, Z; Mackensen, A; Majumdar, S; Martineau, C; Martínez-Pastor, JP; McQuaid, JR; Mehrabian, H; Meng, Y; Miao, T; Miljković, D; Mo, J; Mohamed, HSH; Mohtadi, M; Mol, BWJ; Moosavi, L; Mosdósi, B; Nabu, S; Nava, E; Ni, L; Novakovic-Agopian, T; Nyamunda, BC; Nyul, Z; Önal, B; Özen, D; Özyazgan, S; Pajkrt, E; Palazon, F; Park, HW; Patai, Á; Patai, ÁV; Patzke, GR; Payette, G; Pedoia, V; Peelen, MJCS; Pellitteri, G; Peng, J; Perea, RJ; Pérez-Del-Rey, D; Popović, DJ; Popović, JK; Popović, KJ; Posecion, L; Povall, J; Prachayasittikul, S; Prachayasittikul, V; Prat-González, S; Qi, B; Qu, B; Rakshit, S; Ravelli, ACJ; Ren, ZG; Rivera, SM; Salo, P; Samaddar, S; Samper, JLA; Samy El Gendy, NM; Schmitt, N; Sekerbayev, KS; Sepúlveda-Martínez, Á; Sessolo, M; Severi, S; Sha, Y; Shen, FF; Shen, X; Shen, Y; Singh, P; Sinthupoom, N; Siri, S; Sitges, M; Slovak, JE; Solymosi, N; Song, H; Song, J; Song, M; Spingler, B; Stewart, I; Su, BL; Su, JF; Suming, L; Sun, JX; Tantimavanich, S; Tashkandi, JM; Taurbayev, TI; Tedgren, AC; Tenhunen, M; Thwaites, DI; Tibrewala, R; Tomsejm, M; Triana, CA; Vakira, FM; Valdez, M; Valente, M; Valentini, AM; Van de Winckel, A; van der Lee, R; Varga, F; Varga, M; Villarino, NF; Villemur, R; Vinatha, SP; Vincenti, A; Voskamp, BJ; Wang, B; Wang, C; Wang, H; Wang, HT; Wang, J; Wang, M; Wang, N; Wang, NC; Wang, Q; Wang, S; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Wen, N; Wesolowska, P; Willis, M; Wu, C; Wu, D; Wu, L; Wu, X; Wu, Z; Xia, JM; Xia, X; Xia, Y; Xiao, J; Xiao, Y; Xie, CL; Xie, LM; Xie, S; Xing, Z; Xu, C; Xu, J; Yan, D; Yan, K; Yang, S; Yang, X; Yang, XW; Ye, M; Yin, Z; Yoon, N; Yoon, Y; Yu, H; Yu, K; Yu, ZY; Zhang, B; Zhang, GY; Zhang, H; Zhang, J; Zhang, M; Zhang, Q; Zhang, S; Zhang, W; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y; Zhang, YW; Zhang, Z; Zhao, D; Zhao, F; Zhao, P; Zhao, W; Zhao, Z; Zheng, C; Zhi, D; Zhou, C; Zhou, FY; Zhu, D; Zhu, J; Zhu, Q; Zinyama, NP; Zou, M; Zou, Z, 2019)
"Metformin is a kind of biguanide hypoglycemic agent that has been widely used in patients with diabetes mellitus."2.55Can Fundus Fluorescein Angiography be Performed for Diabetic Patients on Oral Metformin?. ( Du, J; Li, R, 2017)
"Metformin is a traditional anti-hyperglycemic medication that has recently been shown to benefit vascular complications of diabetes via an anti-inflammatory mechanism other than glycemic control."1.72Metformin suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitreous of diabetes patients and human retinal vascular endothelium. ( Edwards, PA; Gao, H; Gappy, S; Hsu, A; Li, Y; Liu, X; Qiao, X; Sassalos, T; Zhang, A; Zhou, T, 2022)
"Metformin treatment led to an upregulation of clock regulatory genes such as melanopsin (Opn4) and aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (Aanat)."1.56Metformin Corrects Abnormal Circadian Rhythm and Kir4.1 Channels in Diabetes. ( Alex, A; Bhatwadekar, AD; Di, R; Luo, Q; Mathew, D, 2020)
"The included 3810 patients with type 2 diabetes had their treatment intensified at baseline."1.43Incidence, characteristics and impact of hypoglycaemia in patients receiving intensified treatment for inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Bramlage, P; Gitt, AK; Schneider, S; Tschöpe, D, 2016)

Research

Studies (44)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19906 (13.64)18.7374
1990's2 (4.55)18.2507
2000's3 (6.82)29.6817
2010's16 (36.36)24.3611
2020's17 (38.64)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Hsu, SK1
Cheng, KC1
Mgbeahuruike, MO1
Lin, YH1
Wu, CY1
Wang, HD1
Yen, CH1
Chiu, CC1
Sheu, SJ1
Shao, Y1
Wang, M2
Zhu, Y1
Li, X2
Liu, J3
Amin, SV1
Khanna, S1
Parvar, SP1
Shaw, LT1
Dao, D1
Hariprasad, SM1
Skondra, D2
Jiang, J1
Chen, Y1
Zhang, H2
Yuan, W1
Zhao, T1
Wang, N2
Fan, G1
Zheng, D1
Wang, Z2
Li, Y5
Gappy, S1
Liu, X1
Sassalos, T1
Zhou, T1
Hsu, A1
Zhang, A1
Edwards, PA1
Gao, H1
Qiao, X1
Song, Z1
Luo, W1
Huang, B1
Cao, Y2
Jiang, R1
Uwimana, A1
Ma, C1
Chen, S1
Ma, X1
Wai, KM1
Saroj, N1
Boucher, N1
Aggarwal, N1
Ho, AC1
Rahimy, E1
Kaufmann, GT1
Hyman, MJ1
Gonnah, R1
Hariprasad, S1
Li, JX1
Hung, YT1
Bair, H1
Hsu, SB1
Hsu, CY1
Lin, CJ1
Bobenko, AI1
Heller, S1
Schmitt, N1
Cherdtrakulkiat, R1
Lawung, R1
Nabu, S1
Tantimavanich, S1
Sinthupoom, N1
Prachayasittikul, S1
Prachayasittikul, V1
Zhang, B1
Wu, C1
Zhang, Z2
Yan, K1
Li, C2
Li, L3
Zheng, C1
Xiao, Y1
He, D1
Zhao, F1
Su, JF1
Lun, SM1
Hou, YJ1
Duan, LJ1
Wang, NC1
Shen, FF1
Zhang, YW1
Gao, ZW1
Li, J5
Du, XJ1
Zhou, FY1
Yin, Z1
Zhu, J2
Yan, D1
Lou, H1
Yu, H1
Feng, C1
Wang, Y4
Hu, X1
Li, Z2
Shen, Y1
Hu, D1
Chen, H1
Wu, X1
Duan, Y1
Zhi, D1
Zou, M2
Zhao, Z1
Zhang, X2
Yang, X2
Zhang, J2
Wang, H1
Popović, KJ1
Popović, DJ1
Miljković, D1
Lalošević, D1
Čapo, I1
Popović, JK1
Liu, M1
Song, H2
Xing, Z1
Lu, G1
Chen, D1
Valentini, AM1
Di Pinto, F1
Coletta, S1
Guerra, V1
Armentano, R1
Caruso, ML1
Gong, J1
Bian, L1
Ye, M1
Wen, N1
Fu, M1
Fan, W1
Meng, Y1
Dong, G1
Lin, XH1
Liu, HH1
Gao, DM1
Cui, JF1
Ren, ZG1
Chen, RX1
Önal, B1
Özen, D1
Demir, B1
Akkan, AG1
Özyazgan, S1
Payette, G1
Geoffroy, V1
Martineau, C1
Villemur, R1
Jameel, T1
Baig, M1
Gazzaz, ZJ1
Tashkandi, JM1
Al Alhareth, NS1
Khan, SA1
Butt, NS1
Wang, J2
Geng, Y1
Zhang, Y3
Wang, X2
Basit, A1
Miao, T1
Liu, W1
Jiang, W1
Yu, ZY1
Wu, L2
Qu, B1
Sun, JX1
Cai, AL1
Xie, LM1
Groeneveld, J1
Ho, SL1
Mackensen, A1
Mohtadi, M1
Laepple, T1
Genovesi, S1
Nava, E1
Bartolucci, C1
Severi, S1
Vincenti, A1
Contaldo, G1
Bigatti, G1
Ciurlino, D1
Bertoli, SV1
Slovak, JE1
Hwang, JK1
Rivera, SM1
Villarino, NF1
Li, S1
Cao, G1
Ling, M1
Ji, J1
Zhao, D1
Sha, Y1
Gao, X1
Liang, C2
Guo, Q1
Zhou, C1
Ma, Z1
Xu, J1
Wang, C1
Zhao, W1
Xia, X1
Jiang, Y1
Peng, J1
Jia, Z1
Li, F1
Chen, X2
Mo, J1
Zhang, S2
Huang, T1
Zhu, Q1
Wang, S1
Ge, RS1
Fortunato, G1
Lin, J2
Agarwal, PK1
Kohen, A1
Singh, P1
Cheatum, CM1
Zhu, D1
Hayman, A1
Kebede, B1
Stewart, I1
Chen, G1
Frew, R1
Guo, X1
Gong, Q1
Borowiec, J1
Han, S1
Zhang, M1
Willis, M1
Kreouzis, T1
Yu, K1
Chirvony, VS1
Sekerbayev, KS1
Pérez-Del-Rey, D1
Martínez-Pastor, JP1
Palazon, F1
Boix, PP1
Taurbayev, TI1
Sessolo, M1
Bolink, HJ1
Lu, M1
Lan, Y1
Xiao, J1
Song, M1
Chen, C1
Huang, Q1
Ho, CT1
Qi, B1
Wang, Q1
Zhang, W1
Fang, L1
Xie, CL1
Chen, R1
Yang, S1
Xia, JM1
Zhang, GY1
Chen, CH1
Yang, XW1
Domenech-Ximenos, B1
Garza, MS1
Prat-González, S1
Sepúlveda-Martínez, Á1
Crispi, F1
Perea, RJ1
Garcia-Alvarez, A1
Sitges, M1
Kalumpha, M1
Guyo, U1
Zinyama, NP1
Vakira, FM1
Nyamunda, BC1
Varga, M1
Drácz, L1
Kolbenheyer, E1
Varga, F1
Patai, ÁV1
Solymosi, N1
Patai, Á1
Kiss, J1
Gaál, V1
Nyul, Z1
Mosdósi, B1
Valdez, M1
Moosavi, L1
Heidari, A1
Novakovic-Agopian, T1
Kornblith, E1
Abrams, G1
McQuaid, JR1
Posecion, L1
Burciaga, J1
D'Esposito, M1
Chen, AJW1
Samy El Gendy, NM1
Wesolowska, P1
Georg, D1
Lechner, W1
Kazantsev, P1
Bokulic, T1
Tedgren, AC1
Adolfsson, E1
Campos, AM1
Alves, VGL1
Suming, L1
Hao, W1
Ekendahl, D1
Koniarova, I1
Bulski, W1
Chelminski, K1
Samper, JLA1
Vinatha, SP1
Rakshit, S1
Siri, S1
Tomsejm, M1
Tenhunen, M1
Povall, J1
Kry, SF1
Followill, DS1
Thwaites, DI1
Izewska, J1
Kang, JH1
Yoon, Y1
Song, J1
Van de Winckel, A1
Gauthier, L1
Chao, CT1
Lee, YH1
Li, CM1
Han, DS1
Huang, JW1
Huang, KC1
Ni, L1
Güttinger, R1
Triana, CA1
Spingler, B1
Baldridge, KK1
Patzke, GR1
Shen, X1
Wang, B1
Xie, S1
Deng, W1
Wu, D1
Zhang, Q1
Voskamp, BJ1
Peelen, MJCS1
Ravelli, ACJ1
van der Lee, R1
Mol, BWJ1
Pajkrt, E1
Ganzevoort, W1
Kazemier, BM1
Tibrewala, R1
Bahroos, E1
Mehrabian, H1
Foreman, SC1
Link, TM1
Pedoia, V1
Majumdar, S1
Jablonski, CL1
Leonard, C1
Salo, P1
Krawetz, RJ1
Yoon, N1
Hong, SN1
Cho, JG1
Jeong, HK1
Lee, KH1
Park, HW1
Barman, S1
Konai, MM1
Samaddar, S1
Haldar, J1
Mohamed, HSH1
Li, CF1
Hu, ZY1
Deng, Z1
Chen, LH1
Su, BL1
Chu, K1
Liu, YP1
Li, YB1
Xu, C1
Zou, Z1
Wu, Z1
Xia, Y1
Zhao, P1
Wang, HT1
de Biase, S1
Pellitteri, G1
Gigli, GL1
Valente, M1
Wachal, Z1
Bombicz, M1
Priksz, D1
Hegedűs, C1
Kovács, D1
Szabó, AM1
Kiss, R1
Németh, J1
Juhász, B1
Szilvássy, Z1
Varga, B1
Gabriel, R1
Boukichou Abdelkader, N1
Acosta, T1
Gilis-Januszewska, A1
Gómez-Huelgas, R1
Makrilakis, K1
Kamenov, Z1
Paulweber, B1
Satman, I1
Djordjevic, P1
Alkandari, A1
Mitrakou, A1
Lalic, N1
Colagiuri, S1
Lindström, J1
Egido, J1
Natali, A1
Pastor, JC1
Teuschl, Y1
Lind, M1
Silva, L1
López-Ridaura, R1
Tuomilehto, J1
Fan, YP1
Wu, CT1
Lin, JL1
Hsiung, CA1
Liu, HY1
Lai, JN1
Yang, CC1
Tryggestad, JB1
Shah, RD1
Braffett, BH1
Bacha, F1
Gidding, SS1
Gubitosi-Klug, RA1
Shah, AS1
Urbina, EM1
Levitt Katz, LE1
Alex, A1
Luo, Q1
Mathew, D1
Di, R1
Bhatwadekar, AD1
Alomar, SY1
M Barakat, B1
Eldosoky, M1
Atef, H1
Mohamed, AS1
Elhawary, R1
El-Shafey, M1
Youssef, AM1
Elkazaz, AY1
Gabr, AM1
Elaskary, AA1
Salih, MAK1
Alolayan, SO1
Zaitone, SA1
Du, J1
Li, R1
Maleškić, S1
Kusturica, J1
Gušić, E1
Rakanović-Todić, M1
Šečić, D1
Burnazović-Ristić, L1
Kulo, A1
Rowan, S1
Taylor, A1
Peña, AS1
Liew, G1
Anderson, J1
Giles, LC1
Gent, R1
Wong, TY1
Couper, JJ1
Egan, AM1
Brassill, MJ1
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Carmody, L1
Clarke, H1
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Culliney, L1
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Higgins, T1
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Khamis, A1
Kinsley, B1
Kinsley, T1
Kirwan, B1
Liew, A1
McGurk, C1
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O'Halloran, D1
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Nolan, M1
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Smyth, A1
Todd, M1
Tuthill, A1
Wan Mahmood, WA1
Yousif, O1
P Dunne, F1
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Ouchi, K1
Funase, Y1
Yamauchi, K1
Aizawa, T1
Burgmann, K1
Fatio, S1
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Rutishauser, J1
Dziuba, J1
Alperin, P1
Racketa, J1
Iloeje, U1
Goswami, D1
Hardy, E1
Perlstein, I1
Grossman, HL1
Cohen, M1
Cheng, L1
Meng, XB1
Lu, S1
Wang, TT1
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Sun, GB1
Sun, XB1
Regelmann, MO1
Goldis, M1
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Pyke, DA1

Clinical Trials (6)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Early Prevention of Diabetes Complications in People With Hyperglycaemia in Europe: e-PREDICE Study[NCT03222765]1,000 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-03-15Recruiting
Studies to Treat Or Prevent Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes (STOPP-T2D) Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) Clinical Trial[NCT00081328]Phase 3699 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-05-31Completed
Efficacy Study of Folic Acid Supplementation on Homocysteine Levels in Adolescent Epileptics Taking Antiepileptic Drugs: A Single Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial[NCT02318446]Phase 336 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-03-31Not yet recruiting
A Pan Asian Trial Comparing Efficacy and Safety of NN5401 and Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30 in Type 2 Diabetes (BOOST™: INTENSIFY ALL)[NCT01059812]Phase 3424 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-02-01Completed
Retrobulbar Methylprednisolone as Adjunctive Treatment in Optic Neuritis. Randomized Controlled Trial.[NCT04942002]Phase 2/Phase 350 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-06-15Recruiting
Double-blind, Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate Effect of Combination Therapy of Metformin and Sibutramine Versus Metformin or Sibutramine Monotherapy Over Weight, Adiposity, Glucose Metabolism and Inflammatory State in Obese Patients[NCT00941382]Phase 360 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2008-11-30Active, not recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Body Composition -- BMI

Body mass index (BMI) measured in kg per meters squared. The analysis sample includes only participants with 24 month data who had not experienced the primary outcome by that time. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: 24 months

Interventionkg per meters squared (Mean)
1 Metformin Alone36.7
2 Metformin + Rosliglitazone38.2
3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program35.3

Body Composition -- Bone Density

Measured by DXA, both whole body scan and AP-spine scan. The analysis sample includes only participants with 24 month data who had not experienced the primary outcome by that time. In addition, in about 1/3 of participants DXA scans could not be obtained on participants weighing more than 300 pounds (136 kg), the upper limit in size set by the machine manufacturers. Scans were considered invalid if a body part (e.g., arm, leg) was completely off or partially off the scanner, there was hand-hip overlap, or there was motion or movement during the scan. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: 24 months

Interventiong/cm squared (Mean)
1 Metformin Alone1.15
2 Metformin + Rosliglitazone1.15
3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program1.15

Body Composition -- Fat Mass

Determined by DXA whole body scan. The analysis sample includes only participants with 24 month data who had not experienced the primary outcome by that time. In addition, in about 1/3 of participants DXA scans could not be obtained on participants weighing more than 300 pounds (136 kg), the upper limit in size set by the machine manufacturers. Scans were considered invalid if a body part (e.g., arm, leg) was completely off or partially off the scanner, there was hand-hip overlap, or there was motion or movement during the scan. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: 24 months

Interventionkg (Mean)
1 Metformin Alone36.1
2 Metformin + Rosliglitazone39.7
3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program32.2

Body Composition -- Waist Circumference

Waist circumference (cm) measured at the iliac crest at its outermost point with the measuring tape placed around the participant in a horizontal plane parallel to the floor at the mark and the measurement teken at the end of normal expiration without the tape compressing the skin. The analysis sample includes only participants with 24 month data who had not experienced the primary outcome by that time. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: 24 months

Interventioncm (Mean)
1 Metformin Alone110.8
2 Metformin + Rosliglitazone114.0
3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program108.6

Comorbidity -- Hypertension

A diagnosis was made by an out-of-range value >=95th percentile or systolic >=130 or diastolic >=80 sustained over 6 months or on an anti-hypertensive medication. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: Data collected at baseline and during follow-up - 2 years to 6.5 years from randomization.

Interventionparticipants (Number)
1 Metformin Alone57
2 Metformin + Rosliglitazone53
3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program45

Comorbidity -- LDL Dyslipidemia

A diagnosis was made from out-of-range value >= 130 mg/dL sustained over 6 months or put on lipid lowering medication. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: Data collected at baseline and during follow-up - 2 years to 6.5 years from randomization.

Interventionparticipants (Number)
1 Metformin Alone18
2 Metformin + Rosliglitazone16
3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program15

Comorbidity -- Triglycerides Dyslipidemia

A diagnosis was made by an out-of-range value >=150 mg/dL sustained over 6 months or on appropriate lipid lowering medication. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: Data collected at baseline and during follow-up - 2 years to 6.5 years from randomization.

Interventionparticipants (Number)
1 Metformin Alone20
2 Metformin + Rosliglitazone28
3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program22

Insulin Secretion

Insulinogenic index determined from OGTT as difference in insulin at 30 minutes minus 0 minutes divided by difference in glucose at 30 minutes minus 0 minutes. The analysis sample includes only participants with 24 month data who had not experienced the primary outcome by that time. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: 24 months

InterventionuU/mL divided by mg/dL (Median)
1 Metformin Alone.75
2 Metformin + Rosliglitazone.83
3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program.71

Insulin Sensitivity

All participants were followed to 24 months. Insulin sensitivity is measured from OGTT as inverse of fasting insulin (mL/uU). The analysis sample includes only participants with 24 month data who had not experienced the primary outcome by that time. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: 24 months

InterventionmL/uU (Median)
1 Metformin Alone0.037
2 Metformin + Rosiglitazone0.049
3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program0.039

Number of Serious Adverse Events

Number of serious adverse events reported during the trial. Participant could have multiple episodes reported. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: Reported as occurred during study follow-up - 2 years to 6.5 years from randomization.

Interventionepisodes of serious adverse event (Number)
1 Metformin Alone42
2 Metformin + Rosiglitazone34
3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program58

Treatment Failure (Loss of Glycemic Control)

Defined as A1c persistently >=8% over a 6-month period or persistent metabolic decompensation (inability to wean insulin within 3 months of initiation or the occurrence of a second episode within three months of discontinuing insulin) (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: Study duration - 2 years to 6.5 years of follow up from randomization

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Treatment failureDid not fail treatment during trial
1 Metformin Alone120112
2 Metformin + Rosliglitazone90143
3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program109125

Change in Body Weight

Change from baseline in body weight after 26 weeks of treatment. (NCT01059812)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26

Interventionkg (Mean)
IDegAsp BID1.1
BIAsp 30 BID1.4

Change in HbA1c (Glycosylated Haemoglobin) After 26 Weeks of Treatment

Change from baseline in HbA1c after 26 weeks of treatment. (NCT01059812)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26

Interventionpercentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean)
IDegAsp BID-1.38
BIAsp 30 BID-1.42

Mean of 9-point Self Measured Plasma Glucose Profile (SMPG) at Week 26

Mean of SMPG at 26 weeks of treatment. Plasma glucose measured: before breakfast, 90 minutes after start of breakfast, before lunch, 90 minutes after start of lunch, before dinner, 90 minutes after start of dinner, bedtime, at 4 am and before breakfast. (NCT01059812)
Timeframe: Week 26

Interventionmmol/L (Mean)
IDegAsp BID7.6
BIAsp 30 BID7.9

Rate of Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Rate of confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure (PYE). Confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes consisted of severe hypoglycaemia as well as minor hypoglycaemic episodes. Severe hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as requiring assistance to administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Minor hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol. (NCT01059812)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 26 + 7 days follow up

InterventionEpisodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
IDegAsp BID956
BIAsp 30 BID952

Rate of Nocturnal Confirmed Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Rate of confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure (PYE). Confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes consisted of severe hypoglycaemia as well as minor hypoglycaemic episodes. Severe hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as requiring assistance to administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Minor hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. Nocturnal hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as occuring between 00:01 and 05:59 a.m. (NCT01059812)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 26 + 7 days follow up

InterventionEpisodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number)
IDegAsp BID111
BIAsp 30 BID155

Reviews

7 reviews available for metformin and Diabetic Retinopathy

ArticleYear
New Insight into the Effects of Metformin on Diabetic Retinopathy, Aging and Cancer: Nonapoptotic Cell Death, Immunosuppression, and Effects beyond the AMPK Pathway.
    International journal of molecular sciences, 2021, Aug-31, Volume: 22, Issue:17

    Topics: Aging; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Blood Glucose; Cell Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic

2021
Metformin and retinal diseases in preclinical and clinical studies: Insights and review of literature.
    Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.), 2022, Volume: 247, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Macular Degeneration

2022
    Proceedings. Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences, 2019, Volume: 475, Issue:2227

    Topics: Acetylcholine; Acinetobacter baumannii; Actinobacteria; Action Potentials; Adalimumab; Adaptation, P

2019
Can Fundus Fluorescein Angiography be Performed for Diabetic Patients on Oral Metformin?.
    Chinese medical sciences journal = Chung-kuo i hsueh k'o hsueh tsa chih, 2017, Jun-10, Volume: 32, Issue:2

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Contrast Media; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Fluorescein A

2017
The Role of Microbiota in Retinal Disease.
    Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 2018, Volume: 1074

    Topics: Animals; Conjunctiva; Cornea; Diabetic Retinopathy; Disease Models, Animal; Gastrointestinal Microbi

2018
New-onset diabetes mellitus after pediatric liver transplantation.
    Pediatric transplantation, 2015, Volume: 19, Issue:5

    Topics: Albuminuria; Child; Cyclosporine; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Retinopathy; Glucocorticoids; Humans;

2015
Advances in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
    The Practitioner, 1971, Volume: 207, Issue:240

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Chlorpropamide; Clofibrate; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Coma; Diabetic Ketoacidosis;

1971

Trials

5 trials available for metformin and Diabetic Retinopathy

ArticleYear
Early prevention of diabetes microvascular complications in people with hyperglycaemia in Europe. ePREDICE randomized trial. Study protocol, recruitment and selected baseline data.
    PloS one, 2020, Volume: 15, Issue:4

    Topics: Aged; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Diabetic Neuropathi

2020
Circulating adhesion molecules and associations with HbA1c, hypertension, nephropathy, and retinopathy in the Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescent and Youth study.
    Pediatric diabetes, 2020, Volume: 21, Issue:6

    Topics: Adolescent; Age of Onset; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Child; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellit

2020
Early atherosclerosis is associated with retinal microvascular changes in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
    Pediatric diabetes, 2018, Volume: 19, Issue:8

    Topics: Adolescent; Age of Onset; Atherosclerosis; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1

2018
Insulin degludec/insulin aspart versus biphasic insulin aspart 30 twice daily in insulin-experienced Japanese subjects with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes: Subgroup analysis of a Pan-Asian, treat-to-target Phase 3 Trial.
    Journal of diabetes, 2017, Volume: 9, Issue:3

    Topics: Aged; Asian People; Biphasic Insulins; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopath

2017
A controlled trial of Atromid therapy in exudative diabetic retinopathy.
    Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom, 1964, Volume: 84

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Androsterone; Anticholesteremic Agents; Butyrates; Chlorpropamide; Cholesterol; Diabeti

1964

Other Studies

32 other studies available for metformin and Diabetic Retinopathy

ArticleYear
Association of metformin treatment with enhanced effect of anti-VEGF agents in diabetic macular edema patients.
    Acta diabetologica, 2022, Volume: 59, Issue:4

    Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Retinopathy; Humans; Intr

2022
Association between metformin use and the risk of age-related macular degeneration in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective study.
    BMJ open, 2022, 04-26, Volume: 12, Issue:4

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Macular Degeneration;

2022
Metformin suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitreous of diabetes patients and human retinal vascular endothelium.
    PloS one, 2022, Volume: 17, Issue:7

    Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Retinopathy; Endothelial Cells

2022
A new predictive model for the concurrent risk of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes patients and the effect of metformin on amino acids.
    Frontiers in endocrinology, 2022, Volume: 13

    Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Humans; Metformin

2022
Metformin therapy as a strategy to compensate anti-VEGF resistance in patients with diabetic macular edema.
    Medicine, 2022, Oct-21, Volume: 101, Issue:42

    Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Retinopathy; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Macu

2022
Evaluating the Effect of Hypoglycemic Agents on Diabetic Retinopathy Progression.
    Ophthalmic surgery, lasers & imaging retina, 2023, Volume: 54, Issue:3

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glucagon-Like P

2023
Association of Metformin and Other Diabetes Medication Use and the Development of New-Onset Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Case-Control Study.
    Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2023, 08-01, Volume: 64, Issue:11

    Topics: Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Retinopathy; Geographic Atrophy; Humans; Macular D

2023
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor add-on therapy for metformin delays diabetic retinopathy progression in diabetes patients: a population-based cohort study.
    Scientific reports, 2023, 10-10, Volume: 13, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents;

2023
Retinoprotection by BGP-15, a Hydroximic Acid Derivative, in a Type II Diabetic Rat Model Compared to Glibenclamide, Metformin, and Pioglitazone.
    International journal of molecular sciences, 2020, Mar-19, Volume: 21, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Disease Models, Animal; Ele

2020
Metformin Treatment Is Associated with a Decreased Risk of Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-Based Cohort Study.
    Journal of diabetes research, 2020, Volume: 2020

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Disease Progression; F

2020
Metformin Corrects Abnormal Circadian Rhythm and Kir4.1 Channels in Diabetes.
    Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2020, 06-03, Volume: 61, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Circadian Rhythm; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetic Retinopathy; D

2020
Protective effect of metformin on rat diabetic retinopathy involves suppression of toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-k B expression and glutamate excitotoxicity.
    International immunopharmacology, 2021, Volume: 90

    Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetic Retinopathy; Glutamic Acid; Hypoglycemic Agents;

2021
In This Issue of
    Diabetes, 2018, Volume: 67, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Neuropathies; Diabetic Retinopathy; Hum

2018
Metformin use associated with protective effects for ocular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes - observational study.
    Acta medica academica, 2017, Volume: 46, Issue:2

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Eye; Female

2017
An Irish National Diabetes in Pregnancy Audit: aiming for best outcomes for women with diabetes.
    Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2020, Volume: 37, Issue:12

    Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Aspirin; Cesarean Section; Clinical Audit; Delivery of Health Care; De

2020
Relationship between metformin use, vitamin B12 deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia and vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes.
    Endocrine journal, 2013, Volume: 60, Issue:12

    Topics: Aged; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic Retinopathy; Diet

2013
Medical care of type 2 diabetes mellitus in light of international and national recommendations: a retrospective analysis.
    Swiss medical weekly, 2013, Volume: 143

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Diabetic Retinopathy; Fe

2013
Modeling effects of SGLT-2 inhibitor dapagliflozin treatment versus standard diabetes therapy on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes.
    Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2014, Volume: 16, Issue:7

    Topics: Amputation, Surgical; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cardiovascul

2014
Evaluation of hypoglycemic efficacy of tangningtongluo formula, a traditional Chinese Miao medicine, in two rodent animal models.
    Journal of diabetes research, 2014, Volume: 2014

    Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetic Nephropathies; Diabeti

2014
Incidence, characteristics and impact of hypoglycaemia in patients receiving intensified treatment for inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Diabetes & vascular disease research, 2016, Volume: 13, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Amputation, Surgical; Angina, Stable; Asymptomatic Diseases; Blood Glucose; Depressive Disorde

2016
The Effects of Metformin on Obesity-Induced Dysfunctional Retinas.
    Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2017, 01-01, Volume: 58, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Blotting, Western; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mell

2017
A summary of the ADVANCE Trial.
    Diabetes care, 2009, Volume: 32 Suppl 2

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic Retinopathy; Disease Progr

2009
Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in Peruvian patients with type 2 diabetes: results of a hospital-based retinal telescreening program.
    Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health, 2011, Volume: 30, Issue:5

    Topics: Aged; Blindness; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic Retinopathy

2011
The role of combination therapy in type 2 diabetes in the post-ACCORD era.
    Current diabetes reports, 2012, Volume: 12, Issue:3

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic Nephropathies; D

2012
[Medications for type-2 diabetes and high blood pressure].
    Medizinische Monatsschrift fur Pharmazeuten, 2002, Volume: 25, Issue:11

    Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Diuretics; Erectile Dysfun

2002
Retrobulbar injection of methylprednisolone in diffuse diabetic macular edema.
    Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2004, Volume: 24, Issue:6

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Retinopathy; Glipizide; G

2004
[Treatment of diabetics with metformin].
    Vutreshni bolesti, 1980, Volume: 19, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Chronic Disease; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Nephropathies; Diabetic Retinopathy; Drug

1980
Metformin.
    Diabetes care, 1995, Volume: 18, Issue:7

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dia

1995
Contraindications to metformin therapy in patients with NIDDM.
    Diabetes care, 1997, Volume: 20, Issue:6

    Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Alcoholism; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; D

1997
[Preliminary findings on 2 groups of diabetics with regard to platelet aggregation in relation to retinopathy and ultimate relation to antidiabetic therapy].
    Minerva medica, 1978, Jun-02, Volume: 69, Issue:28

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Retinopathy; Female; Humans; Male; Metformin; Middle Aged;

1978
Myocardial infarction in diabetics.
    The Quarterly journal of medicine, 1975, Volume: 44, Issue:173

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Chlorpropamide; Coronary Care Units; Diabetes Complications; Diab

1975
General treatment of diabetes.
    British medical journal, 1970, Aug-01, Volume: 3, Issue:5717

    Topics: Acidosis; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Coma; Diabetic Nephropathies; Diabetic Retinopathy; Diet, Diab

1970