metformin has been researched along with Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 in 6912 studies
Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289)
metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2: A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " The rationale for adding metformin in these cases is that it can reduce insulin resistance." | 10.19 | [Combination treatment with insulin and metformin in type 2 diabetes. Improves glycemic control and prevents weight gain]. ( Hermann, LS; Melander, A, 1999) |
| "Metformin is increasingly being used during pregnancy, with potentially adverse long-term effects on children." | 9.69 | Outcomes in children of women with type 2 diabetes exposed to metformin versus placebo during pregnancy (MiTy Kids): a 24-month follow-up of the MiTy randomised controlled trial. ( Armson, A; Asztalos, E; Barrett, J; Donovan, L; Fantus, IG; Feig, DS; Hamilton, J; Haqq, AM; Jiang, Y; Karanicolas, P; Klein, G; Lipscombe, L; Mangoff, K; Murphy, KE; Sanchez, JJ; Simmons, D; Tobin, S; Tomlinson, G; Zinman, B, 2023) |
| "In overweight or obese patients with T2DM, a once-weekly subcutaneous administration of PEG-Loxe for 16 weeks, in addition to lifestyle interventions or oral antidiabetic drug therapy, resulted in significantly greater weight loss compared to metformin." | 9.69 | Short-term effect of polyethylene glycol loxenatide on weight loss in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes: An open-label, parallel-arm, randomized, metformin-controlled trial. ( Cai, H; Chen, Q; Duan, Y; Zhang, X; Zhao, Y, 2023) |
| "We aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of DDG combined with metformin for the treatment of T2DM patients with obesity." | 9.69 | Effectiveness and safety of Daixie Decoction granules combined with metformin for the treatment of T2DM patients with obesity: study protocol for a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicentre clinical trial. ( Liu, Z; Wang, F; Wang, L; Wang, M; Zhang, J; Zhang, K; Zhang, Y; Zhou, S; Zhou, Y, 2023) |
| " We conducted a Phase II double-blind placebo-controlled trial that aimed to determine the impact of metformin on blood glucose levels among people with prediabetes (defined as impaired fasting glucose [IFG] and/or impaired glucose tolerance [IGT]) and HIV in SSA." | 9.69 | Metformin for the prevention of diabetes among people with HIV and either impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance (prediabetes) in Tanzania: a Phase II randomised placebo-controlled trial. ( Alam, U; Bates, K; Charles, G; Garrib, A; Jaffar, S; Kivuyo, S; Luo, H; Majaliwa, E; Mfinanga, S; Nyirenda, MJ; Ramaiya, K; Simbauranga, R; van Widenfelt, E; Wang, D, 2023) |
| "To investigate if addition of metformin to standard care (life-style advice) reduces the occurrence of cardiovascular events and death after myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with newly detected prediabetes." | 9.69 | Design and rationale of the myocardial infarction and new treatment with metformin study (MIMET) - Study protocol for a registry-based randomised clinical trial. ( Hagström, E; Hambraeus, K; James, S; Jernberg, T; Lagerqvist, B; Leosdottir, M; Lundman, P; Norhammar, A; Östlund, O; Pernow, J; Ritsinger, V, 2023) |
| " All participants had a documented history of coronary heart disease or high cardiovascular risk at screening and received aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) 100 mg daily throughout the trial." | 9.51 | Efficacy and safety of alogliptin versus acarbose in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients with high cardiovascular risk or coronary heart disease treated with aspirin and inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy or drug-naive: A multicentre, randomi ( Gao, B; Gao, W; Ji, Q; Wan, H; Xu, F; Zhang, X; Zhou, R, 2022) |
| "Our study assesses perinatal outcomes among women with type 2 diabetes, with gestational weight gain (GWG) within and outside of US Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines, by conducting a secondary analysis of the Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes in Pregnancy (MiTy) trial." | 9.51 | Gestational weight gain in women with type 2 diabetes and perinatal outcomes: A secondary analysis of the metformin in women with type 2 diabetes in pregnancy (MiTy) trial. ( Feig, DS; Fu, J; Tomlinson, G, 2022) |
| "The Pregnancy Outcomes: Effects of Metformin study is a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled trial." | 9.51 | Pregnancy Outcomes: Effects of Metformin (POEM) study: a protocol for a long-term, multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial in gestational diabetes mellitus. ( Erwich, JJHM; Hoogenberg, K; Kooy, A; Lutgers, HL; Prins, JR; van Dijk, PR; van Hoorn, EGM, 2022) |
| "If metformin is proved to slow knee cartilage volume loss and to relieve knee symptoms among overweight knee OA patients, it will have the potential to become a disease modifying drug for knee OA." | 9.51 | Can metformin relieve tibiofemoral cartilage volume loss and knee symptoms in overweight knee osteoarthritis patients? Study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial. ( Cai, X; Dai, L; Ding, C; Guan, S; Guo, D; Lan, X; Lou, A; Luo, J; Mei, Y; Mo, Y; Qu, Y; Ruan, G; Wu, W; Yu, Q; Yuan, S; Zhang, H; Zhang, Y, 2022) |
| "In this study, we observed a high percentage of SGA births among women with type 2 diabetes and chronic hypertension and/or nephropathy who were treated with metformin." | 9.51 | Determinants of Small for Gestational Age in Women With Type 2 Diabetes in Pregnancy: Who Should Receive Metformin? ( Asztalos, E; Donovan, LE; Feig, DS; Murphy, KE; Sanchez, JJ; Shah, PS; Tomlinson, G; Zinman, B, 2022) |
| " We aimed to explore 7% weight reduction rates of mazindol alone or combined with metformin in non-diabetic obese Mexican subjects who had additional risk factors for T2D." | 9.51 | Metformin improves the weight reduction effect of mazindol in prediabetic obese Mexican subjects. ( Arguelles-Tello, FA; Barranco-Garduño, LM; Huerta-Cruz, JC; Kammar-García, A; Reyes-García, JG; Rocha-González, HI; Trejo-Jasso, CA, 2022) |
| "We investigated effects of weight loss, an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILS), and metformin on the relationship between insulin secretion and sensitivity using repository data from 2931 participants in the Diabetes Prevention Program clinical trial in adults at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes." | 9.51 | Weight Loss, Lifestyle Intervention, and Metformin Affect Longitudinal Relationship of Insulin Secretion and Sensitivity. ( Hanson, RL; Knowler, WC; Vazquez Arreola, E, 2022) |
| "To evaluate the impact of concomitant use of probiotic BB-12 in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes on glycemic control, metformin-related gastrointestinal side effects, and treatment compliance." | 9.51 | Metformin with Versus without Concomitant Probiotic Therapy in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Type 2 Diabetes or Prediabetes: A Comparative Analysis in Relation to Glycemic Control, Gastrointestinal Side Effects, and Treatment Compliance. ( Bostan, F; Çekin, AH; Kök, M; Köker, G; Özçelik Köker, G; Şahin, K; Şahintürk, Y; Uyar, S, 2022) |
| "We aimed to assess the feasibility, safety and effects on glucose metabolism of metformin or sitagliptin in patients with transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or minor ischaemic stroke and IGT." | 9.41 | Safety, feasibility and efficacy of metformin and sitagliptin in patients with a TIA or minor ischaemic stroke and impaired glucose tolerance. ( Brouwers, PJAM; den Hertog, H; Dippel, DWJ; Koudstaal, P; Lingsma, H; Mulder, LJMM; Osei, E; Zandbergen, A, 2021) |
| "Metformin has anti-inflammatory effects through multiple routes, which provides potential therapeutic targets for certain inflammatory diseases, such as neuroinflammation and rheumatoid arthritis." | 9.41 | Role of metformin in inflammation. ( Feng, YY; Pang, H; Wang, Z, 2023) |
| "These two meta-analyses can inform decision-making for women with type 2 diabetes regarding their use of metformin and the use of screening mammography for early detection of breast cancer." | 9.41 | Breast cancer risk for women with diabetes and the impact of metformin: A meta-analysis. ( Alagoz, O; Cryns, VL; Gangnon, RE; Hajjar, A; Heckman-Stoddard, BM; Lu, Y; Trentham-Dietz, A, 2023) |
| "Metformin is used worldwide in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and has been used in the treatment of diabetes in pregnancy since the 1970s." | 9.41 | Focus on Metformin: Its Role and Safety in Pregnancy and Beyond. ( Dunne, FP; Ero, A; Newman, C; Rabbitt, L, 2023) |
| "This document purpose is to create an evidence-based position statement on the role of metformin therapy in pregnancy complicated by obesity, gestational diabetes (GDM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART)." | 9.41 | Position paper of the Italian Association of Medical Diabetologists (AMD), Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), and the Italian Study Group of Diabetes in pregnancy: Metformin use in pregnancy. ( Bianchi, C; Burlina, S; Formoso, G; Manicardi, E; Resi, V; Sciacca, L; Sculli, MA, 2023) |
| "Lactic acidosis is a potential adverse event related to metformin therapy." | 9.41 | [Acute Renal Failure, Lactic Acidosis, and Metformin: Two Case Reports and Literature Review]. ( Cesaro, A; Del Piano, C; Del Piano, D; Diglio, A; Faggian, A; Faggian, G; Faggian, R; Salzano, M; Vitagliano, A, 2023) |
| "To assess the effects of dapagliflozin, metformin and exercise treatment on changes in plasma glucagon concentrations in individuals with overweight and HbA1c-defined prediabetes." | 9.41 | No effects of dapagliflozin, metformin or exercise on plasma glucagon concentrations in individuals with prediabetes: A post hoc analysis from the randomized controlled PRE-D trial. ( Amadid, H; Blond, MB; Bruhn, L; Clemmensen, KKB; Faerch, K; Holst, JJ; Jørgensen, ME; Karstoft, K; Persson, F; Quist, JS; Ried-Larsen, M; Torekov, SS; Vistisen, D; Wewer Albrechtsen, NJ, 2021) |
| " Adolescents (aged 12-18 years) with obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and a family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) will receive either metformin (850 mg p." | 9.41 | Efficacy of metformin and fermentable fiber combination therapy in adolescents with severe obesity and insulin resistance: study protocol for a double-blind randomized controlled trial. ( Ball, GDC; Colin-Ramirez, E; Deehan, EC; Dinu, I; Field, CJ; Freemark, M; Haqq, AM; Madsen, KL; Newgard, CB; Orsso, C; Pakseresht, M; Prado, CM; Rubin, D; Sharma, AM; Tan, Q; Triador, L; Tun, H; Walter, J; Wine, E, 2021) |
| "Forty metformin-treated obese subjects with prediabetes or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus, received liraglutide (1." | 9.34 | Liraglutide improves memory in obese patients with prediabetes or early type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled study. ( Boccatonda, A; Cipollone, F; Consoli, A; Di Castelnuovo, A; Guagnano, MT; Liani, R; Santilli, F; Simeone, PG; Tripaldi, R; Vadini, F, 2020) |
| " The use of dapagliflozin in this population could improve weight loss and other cardiovascular factors." | 9.34 | Efficacy of the treatment with dapagliflozin and metformin compared to metformin monotherapy for weight loss in patients with class III obesity: a randomized controlled trial. ( Espinosa, E; Ferreira-Hermosillo, A; Garrido-Mendoza, AP; Mendoza-Zubieta, V; Mercado, M; Molina-Ayala, MA; Molina-Guerrero, D; Ramírez-Rentería, C, 2020) |
| "We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of lobeglitazone compared with sitagliptin as an add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes as well as other components of metabolic syndrome." | 9.34 | Efficacy and safety of lobeglitazone versus sitagliptin as an add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes with two or more components of metabolic syndrome over 24 weeks. ( Cha, BS; Choi, DS; Choi, KM; Chun, SW; Kim, DM; Kim, KJ; Kim, MK; Kim, SG; Lee, HW; Lim, S; Mok, JO; Park, KS; Seo, JA; Shon, HS; Yoon, KH, 2020) |
| " Metformin was able to stabilise insulin sensitivity in every stratified sub-cohort except one." | 9.34 | Metformin use in prediabetes: is earlier intervention better? ( Fleet, R; Pumpa, K; Somerset, S; Warrilow, A, 2020) |
| "In this double-blind randomized trial, 46 overweight T2DM patients without renal impairment received once-daily linagliptin (5 mg) or glimepiride (1 mg) for 8 weeks." | 9.34 | Effects of DPP-4 Inhibitor Linagliptin Versus Sulfonylurea Glimepiride as Add-on to Metformin on Renal Physiology in Overweight Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (RENALIS): A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial. ( Danser, AHJ; Hartmann, B; Holst, JJ; Joles, JA; Kramer, MHH; Muskiet, MHA; Ouwens, DM; Smits, MM; Tonneijck, L; Touw, DJ; van Raalte, DH, 2020) |
| " This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding Vildagliptin versus Glimepiride to ongoing Metformin on the biomarkers of inflammation, thrombosis, and atherosclerosis in T2DM patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD)." | 9.34 | Comparative clinical study evaluating the effect of adding Vildagliptin versus Glimepiride to ongoing Metformin therapy on diabetic patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease. ( Kabel, M; Mostafa, T; Omran, G; Shokry, A; Werida, R, 2020) |
| "This study aimed to evaluate the treatment efficacy of dapagliflozin and metformin, alone and in combination, on body weight and anthropometric, cardiovascular, and metabolic parameters in overweight women with a recent history of gestational diabetes mellitus." | 9.34 | A randomized trial of dapagliflozin and metformin, alone and combined, in overweight women after gestational diabetes mellitus. ( Elkind-Hirsch, KE; Harris, R; Seidemann, E, 2020) |
| "To examine the efficacy and safety for metformin in treating antipsychotic-induced dyslipidemia." | 9.30 | [Metformin treatment of antipsychotic-induced dyslipidemia: analysis of two randomized, placebo-controlled trials]. ( Guo, W; Kang, D; Long, Y; Ou, J; Wang, X; Wu, R; Yang, Y; Zhao, J, 2019) |
| "To compare the effects of gliclazide, liraglutide and metformin on body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease." | 9.30 | Effects of liraglutide, metformin and gliclazide on body composition in patients with both type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized trial. ( Bi, Y; Feng, WH; Gao, CX; Gao, LJ; Li, P; Shen, SM; Yang, DH; Yin, TT; Zhu, DL, 2019) |
| "This study provides evidence that, compared to glimepiride, saxagliptin more effectively achieves a composite endpoint of adequate glycaemic control without hypoglycaemia and without weight gain in T2D patients who are inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy, especially in overweight patients with moderate hyperglycaemia and a relatively short duration of diabetes." | 9.30 | Comparative effect of saxagliptin and glimepiride with a composite endpoint of adequate glycaemic control without hypoglycaemia and without weight gain in patients uncontrolled with metformin therapy: Results from the SPECIFY study, a 48-week, multi-centr ( Bi, Y; Cheng, J; Gu, T; Li, D; Ma, J; Shao, J; Shi, B; Sun, Z; Xu, L; Zhang, H; Zhang, Q; Zhong, S; Zhu, D; Zhu, L, 2019) |
| " The current study investigated the effects of vildagliptin, DPP-4 inhibitor, compared to metformin on endothelial function and blood pressure through vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) modulation in patients with T2DM and hypertension." | 9.30 | The Role of Vildagliptin in Treating Hypertension Through Modulating Serum VEGF in Diabetic Hypertensive Patients. ( Abdel-Latif, H; Bassyouni, A; El-Naggar, AR; Elyamany, M; Hassanin, S; Zaafar, D, 2019) |
| "BACKGROUND We investigated the effects of metformin on neurological function and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with acute stroke." | 9.30 | Neuro-Protective Role of Metformin in Patients with Acute Stroke and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus via AMPK/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Signaling Pathway and Oxidative Stress. ( Chen, Z; Cheng, R; Hao, F; Li, XW; Liu, H; Tao, SX; Yu, HY; Zhao, M, 2019) |
| "The DPP (Diabetes Prevention Program) was a randomized controlled trial that compared weight loss with metformin, intensive lifestyle intervention (ILS), or placebo." | 9.30 | Long-Term Weight Loss With Metformin or Lifestyle Intervention in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. ( Apolzan, JW; Boyko, EJ; Dabelea, D; Edelstein, SL; Franks, PW; Gadde, KM; Kalyani, RR; Knowler, WC; Pi-Sunyer, X; Srikanthan, P; Venditti, EM, 2019) |
| "The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy, insulin sensitivity and safety in the event of administering sulfonylurea-based drugs and metformin in combination with basal insulin." | 9.30 | A comparison study on efficacy, insulin sensitivity and safety of Glimepiride/Metformin fixed dose combination versus glimepiride single therapy on type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with basal insulin therapy. ( Chun, SW; Hong, JH; Kim, SJ; Lee, JM; Lim, DM; Park, KS; Park, KY; Yu, HM, 2019) |
| " We investigated the effect of liraglutide combined with metformin on LGI and lipoprotein density profiles in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and newly diagnosed T2DM." | 9.30 | Liraglutide in combination with metformin may improve the atherogenic lipid profile and decrease C-reactive protein level in statin treated obese patients with coronary artery disease and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: A randomized trial. ( Anholm, C; Fenger, M; Haugaard, SB; Kristiansen, OP; Kumarathurai, P; Madsbad, S; Nielsen, OW; Pedersen, LR; Sajadieh, A; Samkani, A; Walzem, RL, 2019) |
| "Metformin prevents weight gain in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D)." | 9.27 | Metformin-associated prevention of weight gain in insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients cannot be explained by decreased energy intake: A post hoc analysis of a randomized placebo-controlled 4.3-year trial. ( Jager-Wittenaar, H; Kooy, A; Krijnen, W; Lehert, P; Miedema, I; Out, M; Stehouwer, C; van der Schans, C, 2018) |
| "This study aimed to assess the effect of luseogliflozin on liver fat deposition and compare luseogliflozin to metformin in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)." | 9.27 | Luseogliflozin improves liver fat deposition compared to metformin in type 2 diabetes patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A prospective randomized controlled pilot study. ( Fushimi, N; Hachiya, H; Ito, S; Kawai, H; Kawai, M; Mori, A; Ohashi, N; Shibuya, T; Yoshida, Y, 2018) |
| "This post hoc analysis assessed the effects on cardiovascular risk factors of body weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and triglycerides after 28 weeks' treatment with exenatide once weekly plus dapagliflozin, as compared with exenatide once weekly or dapagliflozin, in patient subpopulations from the DURATION-8 trial of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled with metformin alone." | 9.27 | Effects of exenatide once weekly plus dapagliflozin, exenatide once weekly, or dapagliflozin, added to metformin monotherapy, on body weight, systolic blood pressure, and triglycerides in patients with type 2 diabetes in the DURATION-8 study. ( Ahmed, A; Frías, JP; Guja, C; Hardy, E; Jabbour, SA; Öhman, P, 2018) |
| " Although there is evidence for weight loss with metformin for people with obesity who are already taking clozapine, there have been no published trials that have investigated the effect of metformin in attenuating weight gain at the time of clozapine initiation." | 9.27 | CoMET: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial of co-commencement of METformin as an adjunctive treatment to attenuate weight gain and metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia newly commenced on clozapine. ( Baker, A; Flaws, D; Friend, N; Kisely, S; Lim, C; McGrath, JJ; Moudgil, V; Patterson, S; Russell, A; Sardinha, S; Siskind, D; Stedman, T; Suetani, S; Winckel, K, 2018) |
| "To study the effectiveness of exenatide with metformin and sequential treatment with exenatide and glargine added to metformin and their influence on insulin sensitivity and adipose distribution." | 9.27 | Exenatide with Metformin Ameliorated Visceral Adiposity and Insulin Resistance. ( Du, X; Hu, C; Lu, W; Lu, Z; Shao, X; Shi, B, 2018) |
| " Moreover, MET-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) needs to be considered and the incidence of MALA in patients with type 2 DM-TB coinfection remains unknown." | 9.27 | A case risk study of lactic acidosis risk by metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus tuberculosis coinfection patients. ( Mertaniasih, NM; Novita, BD; Pranoto, A; Soediono, EI, 2018) |
| " The RISE Pediatric Medication Study compared two approaches-glargine followed by metformin and metformin alone-in preserving or improving β-cell function in youth with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes during and after therapy withdrawal." | 9.27 | Impact of Insulin and Metformin Versus Metformin Alone on β-Cell Function in Youth With Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Recently Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes. ( , 2018) |
| " The BetaFat study compared gastric banding and metformin for their impact on β-cell function in adults with moderate obesity and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or recently diagnosed, mild T2D." | 9.27 | Impact of Gastric Banding Versus Metformin on β-Cell Function in Adults With Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Mild Type 2 Diabetes. ( Beale, E; Buchanan, TA; Chow, T; Hendee, F; Katkhouda, N; Martinez, M; Montgomery, C; Nayak, KS; Trigo, E; Wang, X; Wu, J; Xiang, AH, 2018) |
| " The aim of the study was to evaluate whether dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor alogliptin (ALO) alone or in combination with pioglitazone (PIO) improves β-cell function along with insulin resistance (IR) in metformin (MET) treated obese women with PCOS with persistent IR." | 9.24 | Add on DPP-4 inhibitor alogliptin alone or in combination with pioglitazone improved β-cell function and insulin sensitivity in metformin treated PCOS. ( Goricar, K; Janez, A; Jensterle, M, 2017) |
| "The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of gliclazide, liraglutide, and metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)." | 9.24 | Randomized trial comparing the effects of gliclazide, liraglutide, and metformin on diabetes with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. ( Bi, Y; Chen, W; Feng, W; Gao, C; Li, P; Shen, S; Wu, M; Yin, T; Zhu, D, 2017) |
| "001) and the average weight loss was 2 kg after 16 weeks' treatment of metformin." | 9.24 | The magnitude of weight loss induced by metformin is independently associated with BMI at baseline in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: Post-hoc analysis from data of a phase IV open-labeled trial. ( Cai, X; Han, X; Ji, L; Yang, W; Zhou, L, 2017) |
| "Sixty-two metformin-treated obese subjects with prediabetes or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, were randomized to liraglutide (1." | 9.24 | Effects of Liraglutide on Weight Loss, Fat Distribution, and β-Cell Function in Obese Subjects With Prediabetes or Early Type 2 Diabetes. ( Angelucci, E; Bonadonna, RC; Cianfarani, S; Consoli, A; Davì, G; Di Castelnuovo, A; Federico, V; Guagnano, MT; Leo, M; Maccarone, MT; Manzoli, L; Santilli, F; Sborgia, C; Simeone, PG; Tartaro, A, 2017) |
| " The models can be used by overweight and obese adults with fasting hyperglycemia and impaired glucose tolerance to facilitate personalized decision-making by allowing them to explicitly weigh the benefits and feasibility of the lifestyle and metformin interventions." | 9.24 | Impact of Lifestyle and Metformin Interventions on the Risk of Progression to Diabetes and Regression to Normal Glucose Regulation in Overweight or Obese People With Impaired Glucose Regulation. ( Barrett-Connor, E; Dabelea, DM; Edelstein, SL; Herman, WH; Horton, E; Kahn, SE; Knowler, WC; Lorenzo, C; Mather, KJ; Pan, Q; Perreault, L; Pi-Sunyer, X; Venditti, E; Ye, W, 2017) |
| "Both green tea and metformin are used as adjuvants to treat and prevent complications associated with obesity; however, studies comparing their action and interaction in non-diabetic overweight women have not been reported." | 9.24 | Green tea extract outperforms metformin in lipid profile and glycaemic control in overweight women: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. ( Alves Ferreira, M; Borges Botelho, P; Ferreira Stringhini, ML; Guimarães de Moraes, AP; Mota, JF; Oliveira Gomes, AP; Siqueira Guedes Coelho, A, 2017) |
| "Forty-one patients with type 2 diabetes and stable coronary artery disease were randomized to receive liraglutide or placebo to a backbone therapy of metformin in this double-blind, placebo-controlled 12 along with 12 weeks crossover study." | 9.24 | Effects of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes and stable coronary artery disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. ( Anholm, C; Fabricius-Bjerre, A; Haugaard, SB; Kristiansen, O; Kumarathurai, P; Madsbad, S; Nielsen, OW; Sajadieh, A, 2017) |
| "Metformin has been used in pregnancy since the 1970s." | 9.22 | Metformin for pregnancy and beyond: the pros and cons. ( Dunne, FP; Newman, C, 2022) |
| "Whether metformin is a protective factor of colorectal cancer (CRC) among CRC patients is still not entirely clear." | 9.22 | Effect of metformin use on the risk and prognosis of colorectal cancer in diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. ( Shi, M; Wang, Q, 2022) |
| "Whether metformin reduces all-cause cardiovascular mortality and the incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remains inconclusive." | 9.22 | Association of Metformin with the Mortality and Incidence of Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Pre-existing Cardiovascular Diseases. ( Chang, ACY; Gu, C; Jiang, W; Li, T; Liu, M; Ma, H; Providencia, R; Yu, L, 2022) |
| "Metformin, a molecule belonging to the biguanide family, represents one of the most commonly prescribed medications for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in the world." | 9.22 | Metformin: When Should We Fear Lactic Acidosis? ( Di Mauro, S; Filippello, A; Malaguarnera, R; Piro, S; Purrello, F; Scamporrino, A, 2022) |
| "The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE database was systematically searched on 12 April 2022, using the keywords metformin; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; and children to identify similar studies." | 9.22 | Advances in metformin for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children. ( Chen, JA; Huang, JS; Huang, ZH; Lai, JM; Lin, MH; Peng, JY; Wu, QL; Xie, ZC; Yuan, Y; Zeng, SX; Zhu, Z, 2022) |
| " However, if used in excessive doses for patients with kidney disease, it will be contraindicated with side effects such as lactic acidosis." | 9.22 | Lactic Acidosis Associated with Metformin in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease. ( Rahman, F; Tuba, S, 2022) |
| "The views regarding the associations between metformin use and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among diabetes mellitus (DM) patients are divisive." | 9.22 | Impact of metformin use on risk and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma in diabetes mellitus. ( Li, Q; Sui, C; Xu, H; Zhang, H, 2022) |
| "gov for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared metformin to insulin in pregnancy." | 9.22 | The efficacy and safety of metformin alone or as an add-on therapy to insulin in pregnancy with GDM or T2DM: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 21 randomized controlled trials. ( Ge, J; Guo, Q; He, K; Jing, Z; Li, C; Li, J, 2022) |
| "5% decrease from baseline) with no weight gain and no hypoglycaemic events with alogliptin 12." | 9.22 | Comparison of alogliptin and glipizide for composite endpoint of glycated haemoglobin reduction, no hypoglycaemia and no weight gain in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Chaudhari, P; Del Prato, S; Fleck, P; Wilson, C, 2016) |
| " Metformin was found to improve insulin sensitivity in hepatitis C patients, as well as to reduce elevated thyrotropin levels in patients with hypothyroidism." | 9.22 | The Effect of Metformin on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis Activity in Women with Interferon-Induced Hypothyroidism: A Pilot Study. ( Krysiak, R; Okopien, B; Szkrobka, W, 2016) |
| "A total of 250 patients with type 2 diabetes who are drug-naïve or taking any anti-diabetic agents and suffering from chronic heart failure with a New York Heart Association classification I to III will be randomized centrally into either canagliflozin or glimepiride groups (1: 1) using the dynamic allocation method stratified by age (<65, ≥65 year), HbA1c level (<6." | 9.22 | Rationale and design of a randomized trial to test the safety and non-inferiority of canagliflozin in patients with diabetes with chronic heart failure: the CANDLE trial. ( Ako, J; Anzai, T; Eguchi, K; Inoue, T; Kitakaze, M; Murohara, T; Node, K; Oyama, J; Saito, Y; Sakata, Y; Sata, M; Sato, Y; Shimizu, W; Suzuki, M; Taguchi, I; Tanaka, A; Tomiyama, H; Ueda, S; Uematsu, M; Watada, H; Yamashina, A, 2016) |
| "Our results show that Metformin and acupuncture combined therapy significantly improves body weight, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting insulin (FINS), homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), leptin, adiponectin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), resistin, serotonin, free fatty acids (FFAs), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) and ceramides." | 9.22 | Comparative evaluation of the therapeutic effect of metformin monotherapy with metformin and acupuncture combined therapy on weight loss and insulin sensitivity in diabetic patients. ( Firouzjaei, A; Li, GC; Liu, WX; Wang, N; Zhu, BM, 2016) |
| "To evaluate the effect of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on body composition, insulin sensitivity, oxidative metabolism and glycaemic control in aging men with lowered bioavailable testosterone (BioT) levels and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) controlled on metformin monotherapy." | 9.22 | Effect of testosterone on insulin sensitivity, oxidative metabolism and body composition in aging men with type 2 diabetes on metformin monotherapy. ( Andersen, M; Glintborg, D; Hermann, P; Hougaard, DM; Højlund, K; Magnussen, LV, 2016) |
| "To evaluate the proportion of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) achieving reductions in both glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and body weight with canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, versus sitagliptin over 52 weeks." | 9.22 | Canagliflozin provides greater attainment of both HbA1c and body weight reduction versus sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Canovatchel, W; Davidson, JA; Jodon, H; Lavalle-González, FJ; Qiu, R; Schernthaner, G; Vijapurkar, U, 2016) |
| "The results of this trial will inform endocrinologists, obstetricians, family doctors, and other healthcare professionals caring for women with type 2 diabetes in pregnancy, as to the benefits of adding metformin to insulin in this high risk population." | 9.22 | Metformin in women with type 2 diabetes in pregnancy (MiTy): a multi-center randomized controlled trial. ( Armson, AB; Asztalos, E; Barrett, JF; Fantus, IG; Feig, DS; Lipscombe, LL; Murphy, K; Ohlsson, A; Ryan, EA; Sanchez, J; Tomlinson, G; Zinman, B, 2016) |
| "Linagliptin/metformin combination in newly diagnosed T2D patients with marked hyperglycemia was well tolerated and elicited substantial improvements in glycemic control regardless of baseline HbA1c, age, BMI, renal function, or race." | 9.22 | Linagliptin plus metformin in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and marked hyperglycemia. ( Bailes, Z; Caballero, AE; Del Prato, S; Gallwitz, B; Lewis-D'Agostino, D; Patel, S; Ross, SA; Thiemann, S; von Eynatten, M; Woerle, HJ, 2016) |
| "The percentage of patients experiencing any hypoglycemia event (ie, symptomatic event or event of plasma glucose concentration <54 mg/dL regardless of symptoms) was lower with saxagliptin compared with glimepiride (5." | 9.22 | Effects of Glimepiride versus Saxagliptin on β-Cell Function and Hypoglycemia: A Post Hoc Analysis in Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled with Metformin. ( Cook, W; Hirshberg, B; Ohman, P; Perl, S; Wei, C, 2016) |
| "A pilot randomized, controlled trial was conducted of metformin versus insulin for the treatment of T2DM during pregnancy." | 9.20 | A pilot randomized, controlled trial of metformin versus insulin in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus during pregnancy. ( Blackwell, SC; Gowen, R; Hutchinson, M; Pedroza, C; Ramin, S; Refuerzo, JS, 2015) |
| "This research was carried out to evaluate the chemopreventive effects of different doses of metformin treatment for 6 months on rectal aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)." | 9.20 | Effects of different doses of metformin treatment for 6 months on aberrant crypt foci in Chinese patients with impaired glucose tolerance. ( Chen, M; Chen, Y; Dai, Y; Li, Y; Wang, Y; Xie, H; Zhao, X, 2015) |
| " This study examined the efficacy and safety of liraglutide monotherapy compared with metformin monotherapy in overweight/obese Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM)." | 9.20 | Efficacy and safety of liraglutide monotherapy compared with metformin in Japanese overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Atsumi, Y; Imai, T; Irie, J; Itoh, H; Kawai, T; Meguro, S; Morimoto, J; Saisho, Y; Shigihara, T; Takei, I; Tanaka, K; Tanaka, M; Yajima, K, 2015) |
| "To assess the effect of metformin and to compare it with insulin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes in pregnancy in terms of perinatal outcome, maternal complications, additional insulin requirement, and treatment acceptability." | 9.20 | Metformin treatment in type 2 diabetes in pregnancy: an active controlled, parallel-group, randomized, open label study in patients with type 2 diabetes in pregnancy. ( Ainuddin, JA; Ali, SS; Hasan, AA; Karim, N; Zaheer, S, 2015) |
| "To determine if metformin monotherapy or metformin in combination with insulin is equally effective as insulin monotherapy at glycemic control in diabetes mellitus in pregnancy among Ghanaians." | 9.20 | Metformin versus Insulin in the Management of Pre-Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital: A Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Adjepong-Yamoah, KK; Beyuo, T; Bugyei, KA; Marfoh, K; Obed, SA; Oppong, SA, 2015) |
| "The study included two age-, weight-, lipid-, and prolactin level-matched groups of premenopausal women with hypecholesterolemia and a history of hyperprolactinemia: patients treated with bromocriptine (5." | 9.20 | The Effect of Atorvastatin on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Bromocriptine-Treated Premenopausal Women with Isolated Hypercholesterolemia. ( Gilowski, W; Krysiak, R; Okopien, B; Szkrobka, W, 2015) |
| "We aim to assess the effect of metformin treatment on metabolic parameters, endothelial function and inflammatory markers in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) subjects." | 9.20 | Metformin modulates human leukocyte/endothelial cell interactions and proinflammatory cytokines in polycystic ovary syndrome patients. ( Alvarez, A; Bañuls, C; Diaz-Morales, N; Escribano-López, I; Gomez, M; Hernandez-Mijares, A; Lopez-Domenech, S; Rios-Navarro, C; Rocha, M; Rovira-Llopis, S; Victor, VM, 2015) |
| " This study was conducted as an exploratory analysis to clarify the effects of liraglutide, a GLP-1RA, on beta cell function, fat distribution and pancreas volume compared with metformin in Japanese overweight/obese patients with T2DM." | 9.20 | Effects of Liraglutide Monotherapy on Beta Cell Function and Pancreatic Enzymes Compared with Metformin in Japanese Overweight/Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Subpopulation Analysis of the KIND-LM Randomized Trial. ( Cobelli, C; Irie, J; Itoh, H; Jinzaki, M; Kawai, T; Manesso, E; Meguro, S; Saisho, Y; Sugiura, H; Tanaka, K; Tanaka, M, 2015) |
| "This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel-group study assessed the effects of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition by dapagliflozin on insulin sensitivity and secretion in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), who had inadequate glycemic control with metformin (with or without an insulin secretagogue)." | 9.19 | Changes in insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion with the sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin. ( Boden, G; Chalamandaris, AG; Duchesne, D; Henry, RR; Iqbal, N; List, J; Mudaliar, S; Smith, S, 2014) |
| "Saxagliptin + metformin was associated with fewer patients reporting hypoglycemia and fewer and less severe hypoglycemic events in those experiencing hypoglycemia compared with glipizide + metformin." | 9.19 | Saxagliptin versus glipizide as add-on therapy to metformin: assessment of hypoglycemia. ( Minervini, G; Mintz, ML, 2014) |
| "This study evaluated change in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) associated with ongoing weight change among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with dapagliflozin, a highly selective sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor that lowers blood glucose by increasing urinary glucose excretion and is associated with body weight reductions." | 9.19 | Changes in weight loss-related quality of life among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with dapagliflozin. ( Grandy, S; Hashemi, M; Langkilde, AM; Parikh, S; Sjöström, CD, 2014) |
| "Combining metformin and exercise is recommended for the treatment of insulin resistance." | 9.19 | Metformin does not attenuate the acute insulin-sensitizing effect of a single bout of exercise in individuals with insulin resistance. ( de Prada, MV; Fernández-Elías, VE; Hamouti, N; Martínez-Vizcaíno, V; Mora-Rodríguez, R; Ortega, JF, 2014) |
| "Linagliptin as add-on therapy to metformin and pioglitazone produced significant and clinically meaningful improvements in glycaemic control, without an additional risk of hypoglycaemia or weight gain (Clinical Trials Registry No: NCT 00996658)." | 9.19 | Linagliptin improved glycaemic control without weight gain or hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by a combination of metformin and pioglitazone: a 24-week randomized, double-blind study. ( Bajaj, M; Gilman, R; Kempthorne-Rawson, J; Lewis-D'Agostino, D; Patel, S; Woerle, HJ, 2014) |
| "To evaluate the effects of vildagliptin compared to glimepiride on glycemic control, insulin resistance and post-prandial lipemia." | 9.19 | Vildagliptin compared to glimepiride on post-prandial lipemia and on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. ( Bianchi, L; Bonaventura, A; D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Fogari, E; Maffioli, P; Romano, D, 2014) |
| "In obese, difficult-to-treat patients with T2DM inadequately controlled on high MDI insulin doses, empagliflozin improved glycemic control and reduced weight without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia and with lower insulin requirements." | 9.19 | Improved glucose control with weight loss, lower insulin doses, and no increased hypoglycemia with empagliflozin added to titrated multiple daily injections of insulin in obese inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes. ( Broedl, UC; Frappin, G; Jelaska, A; Kim, G; Rosenstock, J; Salsali, A; Woerle, HJ, 2014) |
| "During the first 6 months, metformin plus rosiglitazone exhibited a significantly greater improvement in insulin sensitivity and oDI versus metformin alone and versus metformin plus lifestyle; these improvements were sustained over 48 months of TODAY." | 9.17 | Effects of metformin, metformin plus rosiglitazone, and metformin plus lifestyle on insulin sensitivity and β-cell function in TODAY. ( , 2013) |
| "To compare the efficacy of metformin with insulin in the management of pregnancy with diabetes." | 9.17 | Efficacy of metformin versus insulin in the management of pregnancy with diabetes. ( Malik, FP; Mazhar, SB; Waheed, S, 2013) |
| "Compared with metformin, exenatide is better to control blood glucose, reduces body weight and improves hepatic enzymes, attenuating NAFLD in patients with T2DM concomitant with NAFLD." | 9.17 | Exenatide improves type 2 diabetes concomitant with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. ( Fan, H; Pan, Q; Xu, Y; Yang, X, 2013) |
| " We compared the long-term effects of glipizide and metformin on the major cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetic patients who had a history of coronary artery disease (CAD)." | 9.17 | Effects of metformin versus glipizide on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. ( Cui, L; Dong, Y; Hong, J; Lai, S; Li, H; Liu, C; Lv, A; Ning, G; Shen, J; Shen, W; Su, Q; Tang, W; Wang, D; Wang, W; Wu, G; Zhang, Y; Zhao, J; Zhou, Z; Zhu, D; Zou, D, 2013) |
| "Physical activity or metformin enhances insulin sensitivity and opposes the progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes." | 9.16 | Independent and combined effects of exercise training and metformin on insulin sensitivity in individuals with prediabetes. ( Braun, B; Chipkin, SR; Gerber, R; Malin, SK, 2012) |
| "Exenatide is an analogue of GLP1 designed to improve the glycemic control in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes." | 9.16 | [Metabolic control and weight loss in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, treated with exenatide]. ( Ferrer Gómez, M; García Zafra, MV; Hellín Gil, MD; Pujante Alarcón, P; Román, LM; Tébar Massó, J, 2012) |
| "Metformin produced weight loss and delayed or prevented diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP)." | 9.16 | Long-term safety, tolerability, and weight loss associated with metformin in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. ( , 2012) |
| "To examine the effects of canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor that lowers blood glucose by increasing urinary glucose excretion (UGE), on asymptomatic bacteriuria and urinary tract infections (UTIs)." | 9.16 | Effect of canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, on bacteriuria and urinary tract infection in subjects with type 2 diabetes enrolled in a 12-week, phase 2 study. ( Capuano, G; Nicolle, LE; Usiskin, K; Ways, K, 2012) |
| "We plan to prospectively investigate the effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition with vildagliptin on a number of atherothrombotic markers and adipokines in patients with proven atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes." | 9.16 | Effects of a vildagliptin/metformin combination on markers of atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and inflammation in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease. ( Fisman, EZ; Goldenberg, I; Klempfner, R; Leor, J; Tenenbaum, A, 2012) |
| "To evaluate the impact on glycemic control, insulin resistance, and insulin secretion of sitagliptin+metformin compared to metformin in type 2 diabetic patients." | 9.16 | Effects of a combination of sitagliptin plus metformin vs metformin monotherapy on glycemic control, β-cell function and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. ( Bianchi, L; Bonaventura, A; Carbone, A; Cicero, AF; Derosa, G; Fogari, E; Franzetti, I; Maffioli, P; Querci, F; Romano, D, 2012) |
| "This study evaluated the effect of metformin glycinate on glycated hemoglobin A1c (A1C) concentration and insulin sensitivity in drug-naive adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 9.16 | Effect of metformin glycinate on glycated hemoglobin A1C concentration and insulin sensitivity in drug-naive adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Barrera-Durán, C; González-Canudas, J; González-Ortiz, M; Martínez-Abundis, E; Ramos-Zavala, MG; Robles-Cervantes, JA, 2012) |
| "In metformin-treated patients, exenatide BID was noninferior to PIA for glycemic control but superior for hypoglycemia and weight control." | 9.15 | Exenatide twice daily versus premixed insulin aspart 70/30 in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized 26-week study on glycemic control and hypoglycemia. ( Bachmann, O; Becker, B; Böhmer, M; Gallwitz, B; Helsberg, K; Milek, K; Mölle, A; Peters, N; Petto, H; Segiet, T, 2011) |
| " Liraglutide provides greater sustained glycaemic control and body weight reduction over 52 weeks." | 9.15 | One year of liraglutide treatment offers sustained and more effective glycaemic control and weight reduction compared with sitagliptin, both in combination with metformin, in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, parallel-group, open-label trial. ( Bailey, T; Cuddihy, R; Davies, M; Filetti, S; Garber, A; Hartvig, H; Montanya, E; Nauck, M; Pratley, R; Thomsen, AB, 2011) |
| "Measures of β-cell function and insulin sensitivity from an OGTT showed more favorable changes over time with rosiglitazone versus metformin or glyburide." | 9.15 | Effects of rosiglitazone, glyburide, and metformin on β-cell function and insulin sensitivity in ADOPT. ( Aftring, RP; Haffner, SM; Herman, WH; Holman, RR; Kahn, SE; Kravitz, BG; Lachin, JM; Paul, G; Viberti, G; Zinman, B, 2011) |
| " This study investigates the impact of a pioglitazone plus metformin therapy on biomarkers of inflammation and platelet activation in comparison to a treatment with glimepiride plus metformin." | 9.15 | The fixed combination of pioglitazone and metformin improves biomarkers of platelet function and chronic inflammation in type 2 diabetes patients: results from the PIOfix study. ( Forst, T; Fuchs, W; Hohberg, C; Lehmann, U; Löbig, M; Müller, J; Musholt, PB; Pfützner, A; Schöndorf, T, 2011) |
| "The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exenatide compared to glimepiride on body weight, glycemic control and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients taking metformin." | 9.15 | Exenatide or glimepiride added to metformin on metabolic control and on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. ( Bonaventura, A; Bossi, AC; Derosa, G; Fogari, E; Franzetti, IG; Guazzini, B; Maffioli, P; Putignano, P; Querci, F; Testori, G, 2011) |
| "Metformin and rosiglitazone combination therapy is known to improve insulin resistance and postpone diabetes mellitus development in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance." | 9.15 | Effects of metformin and rosiglitazone on peripheral insulin resistance and β-cell function in obesity: a double-blind, randomized, controlled study. ( Li, D; Li, X; Li, Y; Ming, J; Shi, Y; Xie, Y; Zhang, N, 2011) |
| "The aim of his study was to compare the efficacy of pioglitazone with metformin on the reduction of albuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension and microalbuminuria treated with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RAS-Is)." | 9.15 | Pioglitazone reduces urinary albumin excretion in renin-angiotensin system inhibitor-treated type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension and microalbuminuria: the APRIME study. ( Haneda, M; Ishizeki, K; Itoh, H; Iwashima, Y; Miura, T; Morikawa, A; Muto, E; Oshima, E; Sekiguchi, M; Yokoyama, H, 2011) |
| " Pioglitazone treatment (n = 10) reduced hepatic fat as assessed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, despite a significant increase in body weight (Δ = 3." | 9.15 | Exenatide decreases hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 resistance in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a mouse model of obesity and in a randomised controlled trial. ( Bajaj, M; Chan, L; Gonzalez, EV; Gutierrez, A; Jogi, M; Krishnamurthy, R; Muthupillai, R; Samson, SL; Sathyanarayana, P, 2011) |
| "Circulating levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined in 59 women with polycystic ovary syndrome, of whom 37 were retested after receiving metformin for 6 weeks and 6 months, to ascertain the response of these inflammatory markers to weight loss and insulin sensitization." | 9.14 | Determinants of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein vary in polycystic ovary syndrome, as do effects of short- and long-term metformin therapy. ( Conway, GS; Mohamed-Ali, V; Tsilchorozidou, T, 2009) |
| "Metformin has had a 'black box' contraindication in diabetic patients with heart failure (HF), but many believe it to be the treatment of choice in this setting." | 9.14 | Metformin treatment in diabetes and heart failure: when academic equipoise meets clinical reality. ( Eurich, DT; Johnson, JA; Lewanczuk, R; Majumdar, SR; McAlister, FA; Shibata, MC; Tsuyuki, RT, 2009) |
| "To test whether a portion control diet could prevent weight gain during treatment with pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 9.14 | Pioglitazone treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus when combined with portion control diet modifies the metabolic syndrome. ( Bray, GA; Greenway, FL; Gupta, AK; Smith, SR, 2009) |
| "This study assessed the efficacy of adding metformin to a structured lifestyle intervention in reducing BMI in obese adolescents with insulin resistance." | 9.14 | Metformin in combination with structured lifestyle intervention improved body mass index in obese adolescents, but did not improve insulin resistance. ( Baker, JE; Clark, HE; Clarson, CL; Hill, DJ; Mahmud, FH; McKay, WM; Schauteet, VD, 2009) |
| "OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of short-term metformin and fenofibrate treatment, administered alone or in sequence, on glucose and lipid metabolism, cardiovascular risk factors, and monocyte cytokine release in type 2 diabetic patients with mixed dyslipidemia." | 9.14 | Pleiotropic action of short-term metformin and fenofibrate treatment, combined with lifestyle intervention, in type 2 diabetic patients with mixed dyslipidemia. ( Krysiak, R; Okopien, B; Pruski, M, 2009) |
| "To study if metformin, when administered to first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects who have metabolic syndrome and normal glucose tolerance, could improve the cardiovascular risk profile and reduce the levels of both C-reactive protein and fibrinogen." | 9.14 | Short-term treatment with metformin improves the cardiovascular risk profile in first-degree relatives of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have a metabolic syndrome and normal glucose tolerance without changes in C-reactive protein or fibrinogen ( Bouskela, E; Kraemer-Aguiar, LG; Lima, LM; Wiernsperger, N, 2009) |
| "In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial, drug-naïve patients with type 2 DM will be randomized 1 : 1 to metformin + colesevelam HCl or metformin + matching placebo, while those with prediabetes will be randomized 1 : 1 to colesevelam HCl or placebo, for 16 weeks of treatment." | 9.14 | Rationale and design of a clinical trial to evaluate metformin and colesevelam HCl as first-line therapy in type 2 diabetes and colesevelam HCl in prediabetes. ( Abby, SL; Hernandez-Triana, E; Jin, X; Jones, MR; Lai, YL; Misir, S; Mudaliar, S; Nagendran, S; Unnikrishnan, AG, 2009) |
| "Rosiglitazone treatment was associated with durable reductions in CRP independent of changes in insulin sensitivity, A1C, and weight gain." | 9.14 | Rosiglitazone decreases C-reactive protein to a greater extent relative to glyburide and metformin over 4 years despite greater weight gain: observations from a Diabetes Outcome Progression Trial (ADOPT). ( Haffner, SM; Herman, WH; Holman, RR; Kahn, SE; Kravitz, BG; Lachin, JM; Paul, G; Viberti, G; Yu, D; Zinman, B, 2010) |
| "The aim of this study was to determine whether a relatively low dose of pioglitazone or metformin was effective in diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome." | 9.14 | Comparative study of low-dose pioglitazone or metformin treatment in Japanese diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome. ( Hayakawa, N; Itoh, M; Kanayama, H; Katada, N; Kato, T; Oda, N; Sawai, Y; Suzuki, A; Taguchi, H; Taki, F; Terabayashi, T; Yamada, K; Yamazaki, Y, 2009) |
| "To investigate the preventive action of metformin for atherosclerosis (AS) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 9.14 | [Primary preventive effect of metformin upon atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus]. ( Ba, Y; Bai, R; Du, JL; Jia, YJ; Men, LL; Xing, Q; Yang, Y; Zhang, XY, 2009) |
| "Study the effects of exenatide (EXE) plus rosiglitazone (ROSI) on beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity using hyperglycemic and euglycemic insulin clamp techniques in participants with type 2 diabetes on metformin." | 9.14 | Effects of exenatide plus rosiglitazone on beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity in subjects with type 2 diabetes on metformin. ( DeFronzo, RA; Glass, LC; Lewis, MS; Maggs, D; Qu, Y; Triplitt, C, 2010) |
| "The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pioglitazone or metformin on bone mass and atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes." | 9.14 | Baseline atherosclerosis parameter could assess the risk of bone loss during pioglitazone treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Kanazawa, I; Kurioka, S; Sugimoto, T; Yamaguchi, T; Yamamoto, M; Yamauchi, M; Yano, S, 2010) |
| "Vildagliptin add-on has similar efficacy to glimepiride after 2 years' treatment, with markedly reduced hypoglycaemia risk and no weight gain." | 9.14 | Vildagliptin add-on to metformin produces similar efficacy and reduced hypoglycaemic risk compared with glimepiride, with no weight gain: results from a 2-year study. ( Ahren, B; Couturier, A; Dejager, S; Ferrannini, E; Foley, JE; Fonseca, V; Matthews, DR; Zinman, B, 2010) |
| "To compare the effect of addition of pioglitazone and acarbose to sulphonylureas and metformin therapy on metabolic parameters and on markers of endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation in type 2 diabetic patients." | 9.14 | Effect of pioglitazone and acarbose on endothelial inflammation biomarkers during oral glucose tolerance test in diabetic patients treated with sulphonylureas and metformin. ( Cicero, AF; D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Ferrari, I; Fogari, E; Gravina, A; Maffioli, P; Mereu, R; Palumbo, I; Randazzo, S; Salvadeo, SA, 2010) |
| "Our first specific aim in an observational study of 431 nondiabetic women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), aged >or=20 years and with >or=11 months follow-up on metformin diet, was to prospectively assess relationships between pretreatment glucose and insulin resistance (IR) and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or gestational diabetes (GD)." | 9.13 | An observational study of reduction of insulin resistance and prevention of development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women with polycystic ovary syndrome treated with metformin and diet. ( Glueck, CJ; Goldenberg, N; Sieve, L; Wang, P, 2008) |
| "We investigated whether or not "low dose" metformin could prevent weight gain induced by pioglitazone." | 9.13 | Effects of pretreatment with low-dose metformin on metabolic parameters and weight gain by pioglitazone in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Atsumi, Y; Funae, O; Hirata, T; Itoh, H; Kawai, T; Shimada, A; Tabata, M, 2008) |
| "Six hundred and ninety-four consecutive overweight and obese type 2 diabetic patients were evaluated and 56 patients were intolerant to metformin at maximum dosage." | 9.13 | Rosiglitazone therapy improves insulin resistance parameters in overweight and obese diabetic patients intolerant to metformin. ( Ciccarelli, L; Cicero, AF; D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Ferrari, I; Fogari, E; Gravina, A; Maffioli, P; Piccinni, MN; Ragonesi, PD; Salvadeo, SA, 2008) |
| "Aim of the investigation was to study safety of therapy with metformin and its effect on clinical, hemodynamic, functional and neurohumoral status in patients with chronic heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus DM)." | 9.13 | [Efficacy and safety of the use of metformin in patients with chronic heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus. results of the study "rational effective mulicomponent therapy in the battle against diabetes mellitus in patients with chronic heart failure ( Arzamastseva, NE; Baklanova, NA; Belenkov, IuN; Bolotina, MG; Lapina, IuV; Litonova, GN; Mareev, VIu; Masenko, VP; Narusov, OIu; Shestakova, MV, 2008) |
| "To review the current evidence for the use of metformin in pregnancy for women with type 2 diabetes." | 9.12 | Metformin in Pregnancy for Women with Type 2 Diabetes: a Review. ( Benham, JL; Donovan, LE; Yamamoto, JM, 2021) |
| " Metformin is known to decrease insulin resistance and is also associated with weight loss." | 9.12 | Postpartum Use of Weight Loss and Metformin for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a Review of the Evidence. ( Ayala, NK; Werner, EF; Whelan, AR, 2021) |
| " Metformin, which is widely prescribed for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, regulates blood sugar by inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis and promoting insulin sensitivity to facilitate glucose uptake by cells." | 9.12 | New Insight into the Effects of Metformin on Diabetic Retinopathy, Aging and Cancer: Nonapoptotic Cell Death, Immunosuppression, and Effects beyond the AMPK Pathway. ( Cheng, KC; Chiu, CC; Hsu, SK; Lin, YH; Mgbeahuruike, MO; Sheu, SJ; Wang, HD; Wu, CY; Yen, CH, 2021) |
| " Observational studies assessing the correlation between metformin use and mortality in patients with sepsis and DM were considered eligible studies." | 9.12 | Association of Preadmission Metformin Use and Prognosis in Patients With Sepsis and Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ( Ding, X; Duan, Y; Guo, Y; Li, Y; Zhao, H, 2021) |
| "Metformin is considered a safe anti-hyperglycemic drug for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, information on its impact on heart failure-related outcomes remains inconclusive." | 9.12 | Metformin and heart failure-related outcomes in patients with or without diabetes: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. ( Dludla, PV; Gabuza, KB; Johnson, R; Louw, J; Mazibuko-Mbeje, SE; Mokgalaboni, K; Muller, CJF; Mxinwa, V; Nkambule, BB; Nyambuya, TM; Orlando, P; Silvestri, S; Tiano, L, 2021) |
| " Therefore, this study assessed the effect of sitagliptin as monotherapy and add-on therapy to metformin on weight reduction in overweight or obese cases with type 2 diabetes." | 9.12 | Effects of Sitagliptin as Monotherapy and Add-On to Metformin on Weight Loss among Overweight and Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ( Bamehr, H; Janani, L; Mirzabeigi, P; Montazeri, H; Tanha, K; Tarighi, P, 2021) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients have a lower risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and its comorbidities, which might be associated with the usage of metformin." | 9.12 | The Protective Effect of Metformin on Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ( Cai, Z; Heng, Z; Lu, Y; Wei, J; Yuan, Z, 2021) |
| "To assess whether metformin prevents body weight gain (BWG) and metabolic dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia who are treated with olanzapine." | 9.12 | Metformin for prevention of weight gain and insulin resistance with olanzapine: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. ( Arapé, Y; Baptista, T; Beaulieu, S; de Mendoza, S; Hernández, L; Lacruz, A; Martínez, J; Martinez, M; Rangel, N; Serrano, A; Teneud, L, 2006) |
| "We concluded that metformin improved vascular endothelial reactivity in first-degree relatives with metabolic syndrome of type 2 diabetic patients, independently of its known antihyperglycemic effects." | 9.12 | Metformin improves endothelial vascular reactivity in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome and normal glucose tolerance. ( Bahia, LR; Bottino, D; Bouskela, E; de Aguiar, LG; Laflor, C; Sicuro, F; Villela, N; Wiernsperger, N, 2006) |
| "For patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, combined treatment with metformin and rosiglitazone or pioglitazone is safe and effective, However, the pioglitazone combination also reduced the plasma Lp(a) levels whereas the rosiglitazone combination did not." | 9.12 | Metformin-pioglitazone and metformin-rosiglitazone effects on non-conventional cardiovascular risk factors plasma level in type 2 diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome. ( Ciccarelli, L; Cicero, AF; D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Ferrari, I; Gravina, A; Montagna, L; Paniga, S; Piccinni, MN; Pricolo, F; Ragonesi, PD; Salvadeo, SA, 2006) |
| "This study was designed to assess the usefulness of a model-based index of insulin sensitivity during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in the identification of possible changes in this metabolic parameter produced by pharmacological agents known to be potent insulin sensitizers, that is metformin (M) and thiazolidinedione (T)." | 9.12 | Insulin sensitivity during oral glucose tolerance test and its relations to parameters of glucose metabolism and endothelial function in type 2 diabetic subjects under metformin and thiazolidinedione. ( Hanusch-Enserer, U; Kautzky-Willer, A; Ludvik, B; Pacini, G; Prager, R; Tura, A; Wagner, OF; Winzer, C, 2006) |
| "To test the hypothesis that rosiglitazone combined with metformin provides a greater reduction in microalbuminuria and blood pressure than metformin and glyburide at comparable levels of glycemic control." | 9.12 | Rosiglitazone reduces microalbuminuria and blood pressure independently of glycemia in type 2 diabetes patients with microalbuminuria. ( Bakris, GL; Freed, MI; Heise, MA; McMorn, SO; Porter, LE; Ruilope, LM; Weston, WM, 2006) |
| "Metformin therapy is safe and effective in abrogating weight gain, decreased insulin sensitivity, and abnormal glucose metabolism resulting from treatment of children and adolescents with atypicals." | 9.12 | A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of metformin treatment of weight gain associated with initiation of atypical antipsychotic therapy in children and adolescents. ( Barton, BA; Cottingham, EM; Klein, DJ; Morrison, JA; Sorter, M, 2006) |
| " The aim of the present study was to assess the differential effect on glycaemic metabolism and lipid variables of the combination of metformin plus pioglitazone or metformin plus rosiglitazone in diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome." | 9.12 | Metabolic effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in patients with diabetes and metabolic syndrome treated with metformin. ( Ciccarelli, L; Cicero, AF; D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Ferrari, I; Gravina, A; Montagna, L; Paniga, S; Piccinni, MN; Pricolo, F; Ragonesi, PD; Salvadeo, SA, 2007) |
| "Our findings suggest that metformin might reduce the rates or severity of liver dysfunction in selected high-risk adolescents." | 9.12 | Liver dysfunction in paediatric obesity: a randomized, controlled trial of metformin. ( Freemark, M, 2007) |
| "The aim of this study was to evaluate whether and to what extent fenofibrate (F), metformin (M) or a combination of these drugs improve characteristics of the metabolic syndrome (MetS)." | 9.12 | Normalization of metabolic syndrome using fenofibrate, metformin or their combination. ( Kastelein, JJ; Nieuwdorp, M; Stroes, ES, 2007) |
| " Objective To prospectively evaluate if administration of metformin to obese, diabetic patients with primary hypothyroidism on stable thyroxine replacement doses modifies TSH levels." | 9.12 | Metformin reduces thyrotropin levels in obese, diabetic women with primary hypothyroidism on thyroxine replacement therapy. ( Cordido, F; Isidro, ML; Nemiña, R; Penín, MA, 2007) |
| " Through its effect on RBP4 expression in adipocytes, metformin may improve total insulin sensitivity in obese individuals including those with MS and delay the onset of manifest DM." | 9.12 | [Serum level of retinol-binding protein 4 in obese patients with insulin resistance and in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin]. ( Donicová, V; Ivancová, G; Petrovicová, J; Semanová, Z; Tajtáková, M; Zemberová, E, 2007) |
| "Blood pressure, body mass, glycemia and blood lipids, hyperinsulinemia, fat mass were studied in 30 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and hypertension on metformine treatment in a dose 1500 mg/day." | 9.12 | [Metabolic and hemodynamic effects of combined treatment with metformine and rosiglitasone (avandium) in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and high cardiovascular risk]. ( Demidova, TIu; Erokhina, EN, 2007) |
| "Based on the known effect of metformin (MET) in improving insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes, with the scope to focus the effects on glycaemic and free fatty acids (FFA) levels, we studied the effects of a short-term treatment with this drug in obese subjects and obese patients with diabetes or family history of diabetes (FHD)." | 9.11 | Effects of short-term metformin treatment on insulin sensitivity of blood glucose and free fatty acids. ( Belfiore, F; Bellomia, D; Camuto, M; Cavaleri, A; Iannello, S; Milazzo, P; Pisano, MG, 2004) |
| "To evaluate the effect of PIO monotherapy and in combination therapy with sulfonylurea (SU) or metformin (MET) on insulin sensitivity as assessed by HOMA-S and QUICKI in a large group of patients (approximately 1000)." | 9.11 | Pioglitazone as monotherapy or in combination with sulfonylurea or metformin enhances insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S or QUICKI) in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Gilmore, KJ; Glazer, NB; Johns, D; Tan, MH; Widel, M, 2004) |
| "Both rosiglitazone and metformin increase hepatic insulin sensitivity, but their mechanism of action has not been compared in humans." | 9.11 | Effects of rosiglitazone and metformin on liver fat content, hepatic insulin resistance, insulin clearance, and gene expression in adipose tissue in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Häkkinen, AM; Korsheninnikova, E; Mäkimattila, S; Nyman, T; Tiikkainen, M; Yki-Järvinen, H, 2004) |
| "To evaluate the differential effect on coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters of combination therapy with glimepiride-metformin and with rosiglitazone-metformin beyond their effect on glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome." | 9.11 | Antithrombotic effects of rosiglitazone-metformin versus glimepiride-metformin combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. ( Ciccarelli, L; Cicero, AF; Derosa, G; Ferrari, I; Gaddi, AV; Ghelfi, M; Peros, E; Piccinni, MN; Salvadeo, S, 2005) |
| "Despite their comparable glycaemic effects in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), pioglitazone and metformin may have different effects on insulin sensitivity because they have different mechanisms of action." | 9.11 | Long-term effects of pioglitazone and metformin on insulin sensitivity in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Johns, D; Laakso, M; Mariz, S; Richardson, C; Roden, M; Tan, MH; Urquhart, R; Widel, M, 2005) |
| "The primary aim of the present study was to compare the effect of long-term (12-month) combination treatment with glimepiride or rosiglitazone plus metformin on blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2) and the metabolic syndrome." | 9.11 | Long-term effects of glimepiride or rosiglitazone in combination with metformin on blood pressure control in type 2 diabetic patients affected by the metabolic syndrome: a 12-month, double-blind, randomized clinical trial. ( Ciccarelli, L; Cicero, AF; Derosa, G; Ferrari, I; Fogari, E; Fogari, R; Gaddi, AV; Ghelfi, M; Piccinni, MN; Pricolo, F; Salvadeo, S, 2005) |
| "Pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione, improves glycemic control primarily by increasing peripheral insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes, whereas metformin, a biguanide, exerts its effect primarily by decreasing hepatic glucose output." | 9.10 | Effect of pioglitazone compared with metformin on glycemic control and indicators of insulin sensitivity in recently diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Festa, A; Gyimesi, A; Herz, M; Jermendy, G; Johns, D; Kerenyi, Z; Pavo, I; Schluchter, BJ; Shestakova, M; Shoustov, S; Tan, MH; Varkonyi, TT, 2003) |
| "The objective of this study was to examine the effect of the antihyperglycemic agents metformin (insulin sensitizer) and glibenclamide (insulin secretory agent) on the serum level of C-reactive protein (CRP) in well-controlled type 2 diabetics with metabolic syndrome." | 9.10 | Effect of metformin and sulfonylurea on C-reactive protein level in well-controlled type 2 diabetics with metabolic syndrome. ( Akbar, DH, 2003) |
| "To determine causes of weight gain during insulin therapy with and without metformin in Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus." | 9.09 | Causes of weight gain during insulin therapy with and without metformin in patients with Type II diabetes mellitus. ( Mäkimattila, S; Nikkilä, K; Yki-Järvinen, H, 1999) |
| "To assess the effect of metformin on insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance and components of the metabolic syndrome in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)." | 9.09 | Metabolic effects of metformin in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. ( Eriksson, JG; Forsén, B; Groop, L; Gullström, M; Häggblom, M; Lehtovirta, M; Taskinen, MR, 2001) |
| "Since metformin improves insulin sensitivity, it has been indicated for patients with diabetes and hypertension, which are insulin-resistant conditions." | 9.09 | Metabolic and haemodynamic effects of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. ( Ferreira, SR; Kohlmann, NE; Uehara, MH; Zanella, MT, 2001) |
| "Metformin often promotes weight loss in patients with obesity with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)." | 9.08 | Metformin decreases food consumption and induces weight loss in subjects with obesity with type II non-insulin-dependent diabetes. ( Lee, A; Morley, JE, 1998) |
| "Troglitazone ameliorated microalbuminuria in diabetic nephropathy." | 9.08 | Effect of troglitazone on microalbuminuria in patients with incipient diabetic nephropathy. ( Arai, K; Hori, M; Imano, E; Kajimoto, Y; Kanda, T; Motomura, M; Nakatani, Y; Nishida, T; Yamasaki, Y, 1998) |
| "To investigate the effects of metformin on glycemic control, insulin resistance, and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in NIDDM subjects from two ethnic groups (Caucasian and Asian) with different risks of cardiovascular disease." | 9.07 | Effects of metformin on insulin resistance, risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and plasminogen activator inhibitor in NIDDM subjects. A study of two ethnic groups. ( Nagi, DK; Yudkin, JS, 1993) |
| "A total of 26 non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients were enrolled for a clinical study of the effect of buflomedil on microalbuminuria." | 9.07 | The effect of oral buflomedil on microalbuminuria in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. ( Chuang, LM; Lin, BJ; Tai, TY; Tseng, CH; Wu, HP, 1992) |
| "The effects of metformin on glycaemia, insulin and c-peptide levels, hepatic glucose production and insulin sensitivity (using the euglycaemic, hyperinsulinaemic clamp) were evaluated at fortnightly intervals in 9 Type 2 diabetic patients using a stepwise dosing protocol: Stage 1--no metformin for four weeks; stage 2--metformin 500mg mane; stage 3--metformin 500mg thrice daily; stage 4--metformin 1000mg thrice daily." | 9.07 | Metformin increases insulin sensitivity and basal glucose clearance in type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus. ( Bird, DM; Cameron, DP; Ma, A; McIntyre, HD; Paterson, CA; Ravenscroft, PJ, 1991) |
| " Metformin use was negatively associated with the incidence of colorectal adenoma (RR: 0." | 9.05 | Suppressive effects of metformin on colorectal adenoma incidence and malignant progression. ( Deng, M; Huang, D; Lei, S; Wang, H; Wu, Y; Xia, S; Xu, E; Zhang, H, 2020) |
| "To evaluate the effect of metformin as a treatment for the mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 9.05 | Effect of metformin on the mortality of colorectal cancer patients with T2DM: meta-analysis of sex differences. ( Du, J; Du, S; Wang, Y; Xiao, J; Zhao, Y, 2020) |
| " Metformin significantly reduced the occurrence of cognitive dysfunction in patients with T2D (HR 0." | 9.05 | Metformin therapy and cognitive dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis and systematic review. ( Ba, YG; Li, WS; Liu, Z; Zhang, HL; Zhang, QQ; Zhang, RX, 2020) |
| " Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist that promotes sustained weight loss, as well as abdominal fat reduction, in individuals with obesity, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 9.05 | Liraglutide: New Perspectives for the Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. ( Constantinidou, KG; Filippou, PK; Papaetis, GS; Stylianou, CS, 2020) |
| "Metformin may have a role in reducing the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) and improving survival outcome." | 9.05 | Metformin and colorectal cancer: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. ( Chong, CS; Jiang, AA; Khoo, CM; Ng, CH; Ng, CW; Ong, ZH; Peng, S; Sundar, R; Tham, HY; Toh, EMS, 2020) |
| "At present, there are many studies on metformin and the risk of colorectal cancer in patients with diabetes, but the conclusions are contradictory." | 9.05 | Relationship between metformin therapy and risk of colorectal cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. ( Liu, JL; Yang, HJ; Yang, WT; Zhou, JG, 2020) |
| "Observational series suggest a mortality benefit from metformin in the heart failure (HF) population." | 9.05 | Metformin treatment in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. ( Halabi, A; Huynh, Q; Marwick, TH; Sen, J, 2020) |
| "We searched the PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL databases for articles published prior to April 2020 to find observational studies of individuals with concurrent asthma and diabetes that compared the risk of asthma exacerbation between metformin users and nonusers." | 9.05 | Association of Metformin Use with Asthma Exacerbation in Patients with Concurrent Asthma and Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. ( Chai, Y; Changfu, Y; Gao, J; Guan, L; Haiyang, Y; Huaiquan, L; Qingxue, W; Wen, L; Yunzhi, C; Zhong, Q; Zhong, W, 2020) |
| "Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a rare adverse effect that has significant morbidity and mortality." | 9.05 | Osmolar-gap in the setting of metformin-associated lactic acidosis: Case report and a literature review highlighting an apparently unusual association. ( Alamin, M; Elshafei, MN; Mohamed, MFH, 2020) |
| "Metformin using was associated with an increased OS rate and CS rate of colorectal cancer." | 9.05 | For colorectal cancer patients with type II diabetes, could metformin improve the survival rate? A meta-analysis. ( Chen, Y; Cheng, Y; Liu, C; Shen, L; Tu, F; Xu, J; Zhou, C, 2020) |
| " conclude that metformin, a drug used for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, can be used effectively for weight loss, and that this effect is even more pronounced in individuals who weigh more at baseline." | 9.01 | Neglecting regression to the mean continues to lead to unwarranted conclusions: Letter regarding "The magnitude of weight loss induced by metformin is independently associated with BMI at baseline in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: Post-hoc analysis from ( Allison, DB; Hannon, BA; Siu, CO; Thomas, DM, 2019) |
| "There is a recent growing evidence that abnormalities in the microbiota composition can have a major role in the development of obesity and diabetes and that some actions of metformin may be mediated by gut bacteria." | 9.01 | The role of gut microbiota in obesity, diabetes mellitus, and effect of metformin: new insights into old diseases. ( Coppola, A; Gazzaruso, C; Govoni, S; Marchesi, N; Pascale, A, 2019) |
| "There is increasing evidence to suggest that therapeutic doses of metformin are unlikely to cause lactic acidosis." | 9.01 | The Association between Metformin Therapy and Lactic Acidosis. ( Duffull, SB; Kuan, IHS; Savage, RL; Walker, RJ; Wright, DFB, 2019) |
| "To perform meta-analyses of studies evaluating the risk of pre-eclampsia in high-risk insulin-resistant women taking metformin prior to, or during pregnancy." | 8.98 | Risk of pre-eclampsia in women taking metformin: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Alqudah, A; Graham, U; Lyons, TJ; McClements, L; McKinley, MC; McNally, R; Watson, CJ, 2018) |
| "Metformin use in pregnancy is increasing worldwide as randomised controlled trial (RCT) evidence is emerging demonstrating its safety and efficacy." | 8.98 | Metformin in Pregnancy: Mechanisms and Clinical Applications. ( Balani, J; Hyer, S; Shehata, H, 2018) |
| "We performed a meta-analysis to investigate the association between metformin intake and bladder cancer risk as well as oncologic outcomes in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients." | 8.98 | Association of metformin intake with bladder cancer risk and oncologic outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Chen, HQ; Chen, JB; Cui, Y; Hu, J; Liu, LF; Ren, WB; Zhou, X; Zhu, YW; Zu, XB, 2018) |
| "In September 2018, we searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for studies published in English using the keywords metformin, obesity/overweight, and weight loss." | 8.98 | Efficacy of Metformin Treatment with Respect to Weight Reduction in Children and Adults with Obesity: A Systematic Review. ( Knibbe, CAJ; Lentferink, YE; van der Vorst, MMJ, 2018) |
| "Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a rare but potentially fatal condition that can easily be avoided." | 8.95 | [Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: an insufficiently recognised problem]. ( Bosch, FH; Kramers, C; Manders, M; van Luin, M, 2017) |
| "To assess the short- and long-term maternal and fetal impact of metformin in pregnancy compared with insulin." | 8.95 | Short- and long-term outcomes of metformin compared with insulin alone in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Aitken, E; Butalia, S; Donovan, L; Gutierrez, L; Lodha, A; Zakariasen, A, 2017) |
| "Existing data evaluating the impact of metformin on the colorectal adenoma (CRA) risk in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes (T2D) are limited and controversial." | 8.95 | Metformin therapy and the risk of colorectal adenoma in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis. ( Fang, JY; Hou, YC; Hu, Q; Huang, J; Xiong, H, 2017) |
| "Recent evidence indicates that metformin therapy may be associated with a decreased colorectal adenoma/colorectal cancer risk in type 2 diabetes patients." | 8.95 | Metformin therapy and risk of colorectal adenomas and colorectal cancer in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Chu, Y; Li, X; Liu, F; Liu, Y; Lu, Y; Nie, S; Rui, D; Wang, Z; Xiang, H; Yan, L, 2017) |
| "To synthesize data addressing outcomes of metformin use in populations with type 2 diabetes and moderate to severe chronic kidney disease (CKD), congestive heart failure (CHF), or chronic liver disease (CLD) with hepatic impairment." | 8.95 | Clinical Outcomes of Metformin Use in Populations With Chronic Kidney Disease, Congestive Heart Failure, or Chronic Liver Disease: A Systematic Review. ( Cameron, CB; Crowley, MJ; Diamantidis, CJ; Kosinski, AS; McDuffie, JR; Mock, CK; Nagi, A; Stanifer, JW; Tang, S; Wang, X; Williams, JW, 2017) |
| "Several observational studies have shown that metformin can modify the risk and survival of colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients with diabetes mellitus, although the magnitude of this relationship has not been determined." | 8.95 | Prognostic role of metformin intake in diabetic patients with colorectal cancer: An updated qualitative evidence of cohort studies. ( Bi, C; Cheng, Z; Du, L; Guo, M; Kang, Y; Li, B; Wang, M, 2017) |
| "Although metformin has become a drug of choice for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, some patients may not receive it owing to the risk of lactic acidosis." | 8.93 | Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: Current perspectives on causes and risk. ( Bicsak, TA; Chen, K; DeFronzo, R; Fleming, GA, 2016) |
| "To systematically assess the effect of metformin on colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients." | 8.93 | Metformin Is Associated With Slightly Reduced Risk of Colorectal Cancer and Moderate Survival Benefits in Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis. ( He, XK; Si, JM; Su, TT; Sun, LM, 2016) |
| "Diabetic patients with breast cancer receiving metformin and neoadjuvant chemotherapy have a higher pathologic complete response rate than do diabetic patients not receiving metformin, but findings on salvage treatment have been inconsistent." | 8.91 | Metformin Use Is Associated With Better Survival of Breast Cancer Patients With Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis. ( Chen, K; Dai, Y; Jia, X; Li, D; Mao, Y; Tao, M; Tian, Y; Xie, J; Xu, H, 2015) |
| "We searched EMBASE and MEDLINE databases from inception through August, 2013, using search terms related to metformin, diabetes, colorectal cancer, and prognostic outcome." | 8.90 | Survival benefits of metformin for colorectal cancer patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Cui, A; Cui, L; Liang, ZL; Liu, CY; Liu, Y; Mei, ZB; Wang, GH; Zhang, ZJ, 2014) |
| "The aim of this study is to study the mortality rate in so-called "metformin-associated lactic acidosis" (MALA) from the 1960s to date and to establish whether the rate has changed over time." | 8.90 | Mortality rate in so-called "metformin-associated lactic acidosis": a review of the data since the 1960s. ( Kajbaf, F; Lalau, JD, 2014) |
| "Despite the known glucose-lowering effects of metformin, more recent clinical interest lies in its potential as a weight loss drug." | 8.90 | Effects of metformin on weight loss: potential mechanisms. ( Kashyap, SR; Malin, SK, 2014) |
| "To evaluate the safety and efficacy of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) with or without cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)." | 8.89 | Safety and efficacy of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic hepatitis C. ( Harris, K; Smith, L, 2013) |
| "Lactic acidosis in diabetic patients undergoing metformin therapy is a widely recognized, rare but usually serious adverse event, particularly in presence of comorbidities such as cardiorespiratory disease, sepsis and renal failure." | 8.88 | Iodine-based radiographic contrast medium may precipitate metformin-associated lactic acidosis in diabetic patients. A case report, literature review and practical approach. ( Tonolini, M, 2012) |
| "Metformin, an oral anti-diabetic drug, is being considered increasingly for treatment and prevention of cancer, obesity as well as for the extension of healthy lifespan." | 8.88 | Metformin in obesity, cancer and aging: addressing controversies. ( Berstein, LM, 2012) |
| "The PubMed and SciVerse Scopus databases were searched to identify studies that examined the effect of metformin therapy on colorectal cancer among patients with type 2 diabetes." | 8.87 | Reduced risk of colorectal cancer with metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. ( Cui, W; Kan, H; Kip, KE; Song, Y; Zhang, ZJ; Zhao, G; Zheng, ZJ, 2011) |
| " Metformin, however, is thought to increase the risk of lactic acidosis, and has been considered to be contraindicated in many chronic hypoxemic conditions that may be associated with lactic acidosis, such as cardiovascular, renal, hepatic and pulmonary disease, and advancing age." | 8.86 | Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Greyber, E; Pasternak, GA; Salpeter Posthumous, EE; Salpeter, SR, 2010) |
| "To determine the comparative efficacy, risk of weight gain, and hypoglycemia associated with noninsulin antidiabetic drugs in patients with type 2 DM not controlled by metformin alone." | 8.86 | Effect of noninsulin antidiabetic drugs added to metformin therapy on glycemic control, weight gain, and hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes. ( Coleman, CI; Phung, OJ; Scholle, JM; Talwar, M, 2010) |
| " Metformin, however, is thought to increase the risk of lactic acidosis, and has been considered to be contraindicated in many chronic hypoxemic conditions that may be associated with lactic acidosis, such as cardiovascular, renal, hepatic and pulmonary disease, and advancing age." | 8.86 | Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Greyber, E; Pasternak, GA; Salpeter, EE; Salpeter, SR, 2010) |
| " While metformin has been shown to attenuate weight gain and insulin resistance, not all studies have shown a benefit in the reduction of antipsychotic-induced weight gain and insulin resistance." | 8.86 | The effect of metformin on anthropometrics and insulin resistance in patients receiving atypical antipsychotic agents: a meta-analysis. ( Coleman, CI; Ehret, M; Goethe, J; Lanosa, M, 2010) |
| "Lactic acidosis associated with metformin treatment is a rare but important adverse event, and unravelling the problem is critical." | 8.86 | Lactic acidosis induced by metformin: incidence, management and prevention. ( Lalau, JD, 2010) |
| "Metformin is widely used for treating patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 8.86 | [New clinical data with metformin therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus]. ( Jermendy, G, 2010) |
| "To determine if the use of metformin in people with prediabetes (impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose) would prevent or delay the onset of frank type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 8.85 | Treating prediabetes with metformin: systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Godwin, M; Lilly, M; Lily, M, 2009) |
| "Metformin, an insulin sensitizer widely used for the treatment of patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM), was recently introduced in the clinical practice to treat women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)." | 8.84 | Role of metformin in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: the state of the art. ( Falbo, A; Orio, F; Palomba, S; Russo, T; Tollino, A; Zullo, F, 2008) |
| "To assess the incidence of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use compared to placebo and other glucose-lowering treatments in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 8.83 | Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Greyber, E; Pasternak, G; Salpeter, E; Salpeter, S, 2006) |
| "To assess the incidence of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use compared to placebo and other glucose-lowering treatments in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 8.82 | Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Greyber, E; Pasternak, G; Salpeter, E; Salpeter, S, 2003) |
| " In this context, metformin has been shown to not only contribute to a better glycaemic control but also to induce some weight loss (especially in the visceral depot) which may contribute to the improvement of the features of the metabolic syndrome." | 8.82 | Potential contribution of metformin to the management of cardiovascular disease risk in patients with abdominal obesity, the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. ( Després, JP, 2003) |
| "Metformin therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus has been shown to reduce total mortality rates compared with other antihyperglycemic treatments but is thought to increase the risk of lactic acidosis." | 8.82 | Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Greyber, E; Pasternak, GA; Salpeter, EE; Salpeter, SR, 2003) |
| "Metformin has been associated with the serious side-effect lactic acidosis." | 8.82 | Metformin and lactic acidosis: cause or coincidence? A review of case reports. ( Erkelens, DW; Heikens, JT; Hoekstra, JB; Holleman, F; Stades, AM, 2004) |
| "No adverse pregnancy outcomes with metformin use have been reported, except in one unmatched study." | 8.82 | Metformin therapy and diabetes in pregnancy. ( McIntyre, HD; Rowan, JA; Simmons, D; Walters, BN, 2004) |
| "Pioglitazone monotherapy and combinations were assessed in patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome (Adult Treatment Panel III criteria) from four worldwide randomised, multicentre, double-blind studies." | 8.82 | Pioglitazone in a subgroup of patients with type 2 diabetes meeting the criteria for metabolic syndrome. ( Fernandes, AW; Lester, JW, 2005) |
| "To determine whether a causal or coincidental relationship is indicated in the literature between metaformin and lactic acidosis and to recommend clinical guidelines for the withdrawal of metformin prior to surgery." | 8.82 | Metformin lactic acidosis and anaesthesia: myth or reality? ( De Kock, M; Vreven, R, 2005) |
| "To assess the incidence of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use compared to placebo and other glucose-lowering treatments in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 8.81 | Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Greyber, E; Pasternak, G; Salpeter, E; Salpeter, S, 2002) |
| "An extensive literature search was conducted from both Medline and Ovid (1965-98) using the following keywords: 'Type 2 diabetes mellitus', 'oral hypoglycaemic drugs', 'biguanides', 'metformin-associated lactic acidosis' and 'renal impairment'." | 8.80 | Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: a rare or very rare clinical entity? ( Brain, HP; Chan, NN; Feher, MD, 1999) |
| "Metformin-associated lactic acidosis is not necessarily due to metformin accumulation." | 8.80 | [Current role of metformin in treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2]. ( Janssen, JA, 2000) |
| "Use of the oral antidiabetic drug metformin may cause lactic acidosis, a rare but life-threatening complication, especially in patients with renal function loss." | 8.80 | [Prevention of lactic acidosis due to metformin intoxication in contrast media nephropathy]. ( de Bruin, TW; de Haan, M; Landewé-Cleuren, S; van Zwam, WH, 2000) |
| "Metformin (MET) is widely used as a first-line hypoglycemic agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and was also confirmed to have a therapeutic effect on type 2 diabetic osteoporosis (T2DOP)." | 8.31 | Metformin suppresses Oxidative Stress induced by High Glucose via Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in Type 2 Diabetic Osteoporosis. ( Chen, B; Chen, C; Chen, P; Chen, W; Chi, W; He, Q; Li, M; Li, S; Pan, Z; Pang, X; Tu, H; Wang, F; Wang, H; Xiao, J; Yang, J; Yi, Y; Zeng, J, 2023) |
| "Preclinical studies have shown that metformin has neuroprotective actions in stroke." | 8.31 | Metformin treatment and acute ischemic stroke outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study. ( Dang, M; Feng, Y; Jian, Y; Li, T; Li, Y; Lu, J; Lu, Z; Wang, H; Wang, X; Yang, Y; Zhang, G; Zhang, L; Zhang, Y; Zhao, L, 2023) |
| "It was suggested that metformin could impede the MC activation and airway resistance in the concomitant diabetic and asthmatic rats." | 8.31 | Metformin regulates the effects of IR and IGF-1R methylation on mast cell activation and airway reactivity in diabetic rats with asthma through miR-152-3p/DNMT1 axis. ( Feng, H; Fu, D; He, L; Huang, Y; Li, A; Li, J; Liu, Y; Zhao, H, 2023) |
| "To investigate the association between metformin use and age-related macular degeneration (AMD)." | 8.31 | Association of Metformin With the Development of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. ( Chew, EY; Dabelea, DM; Darwin, CH; Domalpally, A; Knowler, WC; Lee, CG; Luchsinger, JA; Pan, Q; White, NH; Whittier, SA, 2023) |
| "Lactic acidosis is a disease in which lactic acid accumulates in the blood and causes acidosis in the patient." | 8.31 | Metformin-associated severe lactic acidosis combined with multi-organ insufficiency induced by infection with Aeromonas veronii: A case report. ( Wu, C; Xia, Y; Zhu, X, 2023) |
| " Metformin adherence was associated with a significantly lower risk of dementia (adjusted hazard risk ratio = 0." | 8.31 | Metformin Adherence Reduces the Risk of Dementia in Patients With Diabetes: A Population-based Cohort Study. ( Chan, L; Chen, PC; Chen, WT; Chien, LN; Hong, CT, 2023) |
| "Metformin use has been associated with improved survival in patients with different types of cancer, but research regarding the effect of metformin on cutaneous melanoma (CM) survival is sparse and inconclusive." | 8.31 | Association of metformin use and survival in patients with cutaneous melanoma and diabetes. ( Andersson, TML; Eriksson, H; Girnita, A; Häbel, H; Ingvar, C; Krakowski, I; Nielsen, K; Smedby, KE, 2023) |
| "To determine whether the use of sulphonylurea monotherapy, compared with metformin monotherapy, is associated with an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmia (VA) among patients initiating pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes." | 8.31 | Sulphonylureas versus metformin and the risk of ventricular arrhythmias among people with type 2 diabetes: A population-based cohort study. ( Douros, A; Filion, KB; Islam, N; Reynier, P; Yu, OHY, 2023) |
| "To study the effects of metformin use and vitamin B12 deficiency on stroke rate among patients with T2DM." | 8.31 | The Effect of Metformin on Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Stroke. ( Abu Dahoud, W; Blum, A; Hajouj, T; Horrany, N; Moallem, Y; Zreik, M, 2023) |
| "The anti-diabetic drug metformin might reduce prevalence of chronic low back pain in people who are older, overweight, or less active." | 8.31 | The modifier effect of physical activity, body mass index, and age on the association of metformin and chronic back pain: A cross-sectional analysis of 21,899 participants from the UK Biobank. ( Carvalho-E-Silva, AP; Ferreira, ML; Ferreira, PH; Harmer, AR; Hartvigsen, J, 2023) |
| "Metformin-associated lactic acidosis is a well-known metformin treatment complication; however, the development of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (euDKA) has rarely been reported." | 8.31 | Severe lactic acidosis with euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis due to metformin overdose. ( Fujimaru, T; Hifumi, T; Ito, Y; Kadota, N; Konishi, K; Kuno, H; Nagahama, M; Nakayama, M; Otani, N; Sekiguchi, M; Taki, F; Watanabe, K, 2023) |
| "To compare the risk of hearing loss with regard to metformin exposure." | 8.31 | Metformin Reduces the Risk of Hearing Loss: A Retrospective Cohort Study. ( Tseng, CH, 2023) |
| "Metformin may have a protective association against developing osteoarthritis (OA), but robust epidemiological data are lacking." | 8.31 | Development of Osteoarthritis in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Metformin vs a Sulfonylurea. ( Baker, MC; Liu, Y; Lu, D; Lu, R; Robinson, WH; Sheth, K, 2023) |
| "This study investigated the safe use of metformin in patients with (1) type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and heart failure on metformin, and (2) heart failure without T2DM and metformin naïve." | 8.31 | The safe use of metformin in heart failure patients both with and without T2DM: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study. ( Carland, JE; Chowdhury, G; Day, RO; Graham, G; Greenfield, JR; Hayward, CS; Kumar, S; Kumarasinghe, G; Macdonald, P; Olsen, N; Stocker, SL, 2023) |
| "Metformin, the most widely prescribed medication for obesity-associated type 2 diabetes (T2D), lowers plasma glucose levels, food intake, and body weight in rodents and humans, but the mechanistic site(s) of action remain elusive." | 8.31 | Metformin triggers a kidney GDF15-dependent area postrema axis to regulate food intake and body weight. ( Barros, DR; Bruce, K; Cherney, DZ; Chiu, JFM; Danaei, Z; Kuah, R; Lam, TKT; Li, RJW; Lim, YM; Mariani, LH; Reich, HN; Zhang, SY, 2023) |
| "To investigate the impact of metformin on survival of diabetic patients following surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC)." | 8.31 | The impact of metformin on survival in diabetes patients with operable colorectal cancer: A nationwide retrospective cohort study. ( Chu, PT; Chuang, TJ; Huang, SH; Huang, WC; Wang, JH; Wu, TH, 2023) |
| "To explore the association between the use of metformin and the risk of ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes." | 8.31 | [Metformin use and risk of ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes: A cohort study]. ( Chen, DF; Hu, YH; Qin, XY; Wang, MY; Wang, SY; Wu, JH; Wu, T; Wu, YQ; Yang, RT; Yu, H, 2023) |
| "To estimate the effectiveness of metformin on glycaemic parameters among participants with incident prediabetes attending Australian general practices." | 8.31 | Do patients with prediabetes managed with metformin achieve better glycaemic control? A national study using primary care medical records. ( Begum, M; Bernardo, CO; Gonzalez-Chica, D; Jahan, H; Stocks, N; Zheng, M, 2023) |
| "Metformin metabolism is slowed down in T2DM patients in the hypoxic environment of the plateau; the glucose-lowering effect of the plateau is similar, and the attainment rate is low, the possibility of having serious adverse effects of lactic acidosis is higher in T2DM patients on the plateau than on the control one." | 8.31 | Effects of plateau hypoxia on population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metformin in patients with Type 2 diabetes. ( Hu, L; Li, W; Luo, L; Luo, X; Qin, N; Shen, Y; Sun, Y; Wang, R; Wang, Z, 2023) |
| "Metformin-induced lactic acidosis with acute kidney injury is rare but well known." | 8.31 | Daily dose of metformin caused acute kidney injury with lactic acidosis: a case report. ( Ariga, M; Hagita, J; Kitaichi, K; Oida, Y; Soda, M; Teramachi, H, 2023) |
| "To investigate how sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) add-on therapy for metformin affects diabetic retinopathy (DR) progression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 8.31 | Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor add-on therapy for metformin delays diabetic retinopathy progression in diabetes patients: a population-based cohort study. ( Bair, H; Hsu, CY; Hsu, SB; Hung, YT; Li, JX; Lin, CJ, 2023) |
| "This present study aims to explore the influence of metformin and postoperative insulin pump use on colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who received surgery in terms of short-term and long-term outcomes." | 8.31 | The Use of Metformin and Postoperative Insulin Pump Were Predictive Factors for Outcomes of Diabetic Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery. ( Li, LS; Li, ZW; Liu, F; Liu, XR; Lv, Q; Peng, D; Shu, XP; Tong, Y; Zhang, W, 2023) |
| "New treatments are needed to improve the overall survival of patients with glioblastoma Metformin is known for anti-tumorigenic effects in cancers, including breast and pancreas cancers." | 8.31 | Metformin use is associated with longer survival in glioblastoma patients with MGMT gene silencing. ( Al-Saadi, T; Diaz, RJ; Jatana, S; Khalaf, R; Mohammad, AH; Ruiz-Barerra, MA, 2023) |
| " Metabolic acidosis in a patient with a history of metformin intake should suggest the possibility of metformin-associated lactic acidosis, which must be treated immediately, without waiting for the results of other examinations, especially in patients with sudden blindness." | 8.31 | Reversible acute blindness in suspected metformin-associated lactic acidosis: a case report. ( Huang, R; Sun, W, 2023) |
| "These findings show that metformin provides substantial protection against diabetic cardiomyopathy-induced ROS-p53 mediated fibrosis and dyslipidemia." | 8.31 | Metformin ameliorates ROS-p53-collagen axis of fibrosis and dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus-induced left ventricular injury. ( Al-Ani, B; Al-Hashem, F; Alzamil, NM; Bin-Jaliah, I; Dawood, AF; Haidara, MA; Hewett, PW; Kamar, SS; Latif, NSA; Shatoor, AS, 2023) |
| "This retrospective cohort study determines whether metformin monotherapy or combination therapies can decrease anemia risk in the progress of advanced chronic kidney disease for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 8.12 | Metformin and the Risk of Anemia of Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Fu, SL; Hsiung, CA; Jung, HK; Lai, JN; Liu, HY; Tsai, YT; Wu, CT, 2022) |
| "We compared the efficacy and safety of beinaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue with metformin in lowering the bodyweight of patients who were overweight/obese and non-diabetic." | 8.12 | Comparison of Beinaglutide Versus Metformin for Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Non-diabetic Patients. ( Bi, Y; Feng, W; Fu, Y; Gao, L; Huang, H; Zhang, L; Zhang, N; Zhu, D, 2022) |
| "The authors sought to characterize associations between initiation of metformin and sulfonylurea therapy and clinical outcomes among patients with comorbid heart failure (HF) and diabetes (overall and by ejection fraction [EF] phenotype)." | 8.12 | Clinical Outcomes With Metformin and Sulfonylurea Therapies Among Patients With Heart Failure and Diabetes. ( Butler, J; DeVore, AD; Felker, GM; Fonarow, GC; Green, JB; Greene, SJ; Heidenreich, PA; Hernandez, AF; Khan, MS; Matsouaka, RA; Peterson, PN; Sharma, A; Solomon, N; Yancy, CW, 2022) |
| "Twelve-month metformin treatment reduced fat content, waist circumference, glycated hemoglobin, glucose and triglycerides, as well as improved insulin sensitivity." | 8.12 | Impaired metabolic effects of metformin in men with early-onset androgenic alopecia. ( Kowalcze, K; Krysiak, R; Okopień, B, 2022) |
| "Metformin is hypothesized to protect against the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE); however, there is a paucity of data supporting this hypothesis." | 8.12 | Association of Metformin Use With Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A General-Population-Based Cohort Study. ( Lei, G; Li, C; Li, X; Sha, T; Wei, J; Wu, J; Yang, Z; Zeng, C; Zhang, Y, 2022) |
| "To gain insights on the cardiovascular effects of metformin and sulphonylurea, the present study compares the rates of incident atrial fibrillation, stroke, cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality between metformin and sulphonylurea users in type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 8.12 | Metformin versus sulphonylureas for new onset atrial fibrillation and stroke in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based study. ( Chang, C; Cheng, SH; Chou, OHI; Lee, S; Leung, KSK; Liu, T; Tse, G; Wai, AKC; Wong, WT; Zhang, G; Zhang, Q; Zhou, J, 2022) |
| "Whether metformin exposure is associated with improved outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and sepsis." | 8.12 | Association of Metformin Use During Hospitalization and Mortality in Critically Ill Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Sepsis. ( Angus, DC; Chang, CH; Del Rio-Pertuz, G; Gómez, H; Kellum, JA; Liu, Q; Manrique-Caballero, CL; Murugan, R; Priyanka, P; Wang, S; Zuckerbraun, BS, 2022) |
| " We herein report a case of cardiac dysfunction due to thiamine deficiency after hemodialysis in a patient with suspected biguanide-related lactic acidosis." | 8.12 | Cardiac Dysfunction Due to Thiamine Deficiency after Hemodialysis for Biguanide-related Lactic Acidosis. ( Jimura, F; Kachi, N; Tamaki, H; Tsushima, H, 2022) |
| "The current study was to evaluate the effects of canagliflozin and metformin on insulin resistance and visceral adipose tissue in people with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes." | 8.12 | Effects of canagliflozin and metformin on insulin resistance and visceral adipose tissue in people with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes. ( Hao, Z; Li, G; Liu, Y; Shen, Y; Sun, Y; Wen, Y, 2022) |
| "Metformin has been associated with modest weight reduction in the non-pregnant population." | 8.12 | Weight gain in pregnancy: can metformin steady the scales? ( Adams, JH; Antony, KM; Eddy, A; Hoppe, KK; Iruretagoyena, JI; Poehlmann, J; Racine, JL; Rhoades, J; Stewart, K, 2022) |
| "To assess whether the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor empagliflozin improves cognitive impairment in frail older adults with diabetes and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)." | 8.12 | Empagliflozin Improves Cognitive Impairment in Frail Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. ( Frullone, S; Gambardella, J; Lombardi, A; Macina, G; Mone, P; Morgante, M; Pansini, A; Santulli, G, 2022) |
| "BACKGROUND Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a relatively rare adverse effect of metformin therapy." | 8.12 | Transient Complete Blindness Due to Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis (MALA) Reversed with Hemodialysis. ( Barusya, C; Charokopos, A; Dumic, I; Knopps, L; Rueda Prada, L; Subramanian, A; Zurob, AS, 2022) |
| "To investigate the effect of metformin on the decreased risk of developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for ≥10 years." | 8.12 | Association between metformin use and the risk of age-related macular degeneration in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective study. ( Chen, Y; Fan, G; Jiang, J; Wang, N; Wang, Z; Yuan, W; Zhang, H; Zhao, T; Zheng, D, 2022) |
| "Evidence of metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) in advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been limited due to high mortality rate but rare incidence rate." | 8.12 | Relationship between metformin use and lactic acidosis in advanced chronic kidney disease: The REMIND-TMU study. ( Chang, TH; Chen, C; Chen, CC; Chen, CH; Hung, YJ; Ke, SS; Ko, Y; Kuo, KN; Wei, TE, 2022) |
| "Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a rare but life-threatening condition." | 8.12 | A patient with severe metformin-associated lactic acidosis complicated by acute coronary syndrome: a case report. ( Ahmed, A; Gudowski, C; Mammadova, N; Pliquett, RU; Shkodivskyi, P; Soukup, J, 2022) |
| "Whether pioglitazone may affect breast cancer risk in female diabetes patients is not conclusive and has not been investigated in the Asian populations." | 8.12 | Pioglitazone and breast cancer risk in female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort analysis. ( Tseng, CH, 2022) |
| "Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is an extremely rare but life-threatening adverse effect of metformin treatment." | 8.12 | Metformin-associated Lactic Acidosis with Hypoglycemia during the COVID-19 Pandemic. ( Hazama, Y; Irie, Y; Kosugi, M; Maruo, Y; Obata, Y; Takayama, K; Yamaguchi, H; Yasuda, T, 2022) |
| "T2DM patients that performed regular exercise, had normal renal function and were receiving metformin were more likely to have clinically meaningful body weight reduction after one year treatment with dapagliflozin." | 8.12 | Predictors for successful weight reduction during treatment with Dapagliflozin among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in primary care. ( Huh, Y; Kim, YS, 2022) |
| " This self-controlled case series study aims to evaluate whether metformin use and SGLT2i-associated erythrocytosis influence its cardiovascular benefits." | 8.12 | Cardiovascular benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes, interaction with metformin and role of erythrocytosis: a self-controlled case series study. ( Au, ICH; Lau, KTK; Lee, CH; Lee, CYY; Lui, DTW; Tan, KCB; Tang, EHM; Wong, CKH; Woo, YC, 2022) |
| "The study suggests that the prolonged effect of metformin-induced euglycemia promoted the microglial activation, reduced neuronal cell death, and improved the overall survival following stroke, without any change in infarct size." | 8.12 | The effect of chronic exposure to metformin in a new type-2 diabetic NONcNZO10/LtJ mouse model of stroke. ( Kimball, SR; Kumari, R; Simpson, IA; Willing, L, 2022) |
| "We conducted this study to compare the risks of asthma development and exacerbation between metformin users and nonusers." | 8.12 | Metformin and the Development of Asthma in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. ( Hsu, CC; Hwu, CM; Pan, WL; Shih, YH; Wei, JC; Yen, FS, 2022) |
| "Evidence from previous studies suggests a protective effect of metformin in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC)." | 8.12 | The effect of metformin on the survival of colorectal cancer patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Christou, N; Jost, J; Magne, J; Manceur, K; Mathonnet, M; Tarhini, Z, 2022) |
| "In this study, we showed that pre-stroke metformin use was associated with favorable outcome after acute ischemic stroke in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2." | 8.12 | Effect of metformin on outcome after acute ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( den Hertog, HM; Haalboom, M; Heijmans, E; Kersten, CJBA; Knottnerus, ILH; Zandbergen, AAM, 2022) |
| "To use the framework of the Health Belief Model (HBM) to explore factors associated with metformin use among adults with prediabetes." | 8.12 | Health Beliefs Associated With Metformin Use Among Insured Adults With Prediabetes. ( Herman, WH; Hurst, TE; Joiner, KL; McEwen, LN, 2022) |
| "Metformin has demonstrated a chemoprotective effect in breast cancer but there is limited evidence on the effect of cumulative exposure to metformin and the risk of hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR + /HER2-) breast cancer." | 8.12 | Dose-dependent relation between metformin and the risk of hormone receptor-positive, her2-negative breast cancer among postmenopausal women with type-2 diabetes. ( Abughosh, SM; Aparasu, RR; Chikermane, SG; Johnson, ML; Sharma, M; Trivedi, MV, 2022) |
| "Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a rare event but underrecognition may lead to unfavorable outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients." | 8.12 | Metformin-associated lactic acidosis and factors associated with 30-day mortality. ( Jayanama, K; Nongnuch, A; Parapiboon, W; Phonyangnok, B; Pichitporn, W; Sumrittivanicha, J; Sungkanuparph, S; Thammavaranucupt, K; Wongluechai, L, 2022) |
| "This study established a model to predict the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR) with amino acids selected by partial least squares (PLS) method, and evaluated the effect of metformin on the effect of amino acids on DR in the model." | 8.12 | A new predictive model for the concurrent risk of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes patients and the effect of metformin on amino acids. ( Cao, Y; Huang, B; Jiang, R; Luo, W; Song, Z, 2022) |
| "Emerging evidence showed metformin may have pleiotropic effects on ameliorating depression." | 8.12 | Association of metformin and depression in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Hu, Y; Qin, X; Wang, S; Wu, J; Wu, T; Wu, Y; Yang, R; Yu, H, 2022) |
| "Metformin users compared with sulfonylurea users were associated with a lower risk of all-cause dementia, AD and VD but not with PD or MCI." | 8.12 | Comparative effect of metformin versus sulfonylureas with dementia and Parkinson's disease risk in US patients over 50 with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Duijn, CMV; Fernandes, M; Ghose, U; Launer, LJ; Li, QS; Linden, AB; Molero, Y; Nevado-Holgado, AJ; Newby, D; Sproviero, W; Winchester, L, 2022) |
| "The study aims to investigate the effect of metformin on Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who received transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for the first time." | 8.12 | Transarterial chemoembolization combined with metformin improves the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Chen, ML; Han, JJ; Sun, YD; Tian, SL; Wu, CX; Zhang, H; Zhang, JB, 2022) |
| " The aim of this study is the comparison of 3 mg liraglutide and metformin combination, metformin monotherapy on the blood glucose regulation, weight loss and lipid panel in the patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus whose BMI is ≥ 30 kg/m2." | 8.12 | Comparison of the effect of liraglutide and metformin therapy on the disease regulation and weight loss in obese patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Keskin, L; Yaprak, B, 2022) |
| "To compare the risk of gingival and periodontal diseases (GPD) between ever users and never users of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 8.12 | Metformin and risk of gingival/periodontal diseases in diabetes patients: A retrospective cohort study. ( Tseng, CH, 2022) |
| "Our results suggest that metformin can be regarded as an anti-aging compound in Drosophila muscle." | 8.12 | Metformin suppresses progression of muscle aging via activation of the AMP kinase-mediated pathways in Drosophila adults. ( Inoue, YH; Kohno, N; Le, TD; Nishida, H; Ozaki, M; Suzuta, S, 2022) |
| " The relationship between metformin use and delirium, and the relationship between metformin use and 3-year mortality were investigated." | 8.12 | The potential benefit of metformin to reduce delirium risk and mortality: a retrospective cohort study. ( Akers, CC; Anderson, ZE; Chang, G; Cho, HR; Comp, KR; Crutchley, KJ; Iwata, M; Jellison, SS; Lee, S; Marra, PS; Meyer, AA; Modukuri, M; Shinozaki, E; Shinozaki, G; Sullivan, EJ; Tran, T; Wahba, NE; Yamanashi, T, 2022) |
| "The objective of this study was to evaluate QoL in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with hypertension after add-on empagliflozin to triple drug therapy (metformin, teneligliptin, and glimepiride)." | 8.12 | Impact of empagliflozin add-on therapy on quality of life in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus with hypertension: A prospective study. ( Bhat, MH; Masoodi, SR; Mir, SA; Najar, IA; Patyar, RR; Patyar, S, 2022) |
| "Metformin, a diabetes drug with anti-aging cellular responses, has complex actions that may alter dementia onset." | 8.12 | Causal inference in medical records and complementary systems pharmacology for metformin drug repurposing towards dementia. ( Albers, MW; Betensky, RA; Blacker, D; Boswell, S; Charpignon, ML; Das, S; Evans, K; Finkelstein, SN; Hyman, BT; Magdamo, C; Middleton, L; Rodriguez, S; Sheu, YH; Sokolov, A; Somai, M; Su, B; Tzoulaki, I; Vakulenko-Lagun, B; Welsch, RE; Zheng, B, 2022) |
| "To assess whether metformin is associated with dry age-related macular degeneration (dAMD) development." | 8.12 | Association of metformin and development of dry age-related macular degeneration in a U.S. insurance claims database. ( Besirli, CG; Eton, EA; Hua, P; McGeehan, B; VanderBeek, BL; Wubben, TJ, 2022) |
| "From the Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, we selected propensity-score matched metformin users and nonusers from the cohorts of type 2 diabetes mellitus with compensated (n = 26 164) or decompensated liver cirrhosis (n = 15 056) between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2009, and followed them until 31 December 2010." | 8.12 | Metformin use and cirrhotic decompensation in patients with type 2 diabetes and liver cirrhosis. ( Hou, MC; Hsu, CC; Huang, YH; Hwu, CM; Lo, YR; Shin, SJ; Yen, FS, 2022) |
| "Metformin has been extensively used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and it may also promote healthy aging." | 8.12 | The Gut Microbiome, Metformin, and Aging. ( Induri, SNR; Kansara, P; Li, X; Saxena, D; Thomas, SC; Xu, F, 2022) |
| "The current study was conducted to investigate the nephroprotective effects of vildagliptin-metformin combination in an experimental model of fructose/salt-induced metabolic syndrome (MetS)." | 8.12 | Vitamin D3 potentiates the nephroprotective effects of vildagliptin-metformin combination in a rat model of metabolic syndrome. ( Abdel-Aal, M; Abdel-Ghany, RH; Alsemeh, AE; Ghareib, SA; Sabry, D; Wahba, NS, 2022) |
| "Lactic acidosis is the most important and life-threatening side effect of metformin that is widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 8.02 | Continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration in metformin-associated lactic acidosis caused by a suicide attempt: A report of two cases. ( Temizkan Kırkayak, AG; Tuncali, B; Zeyneloğlu, P, 2021) |
| "Although recent studies have focused on the use of metformin in treating ischemic stroke, there is little literature to support whether it can treat intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)." | 8.02 | Prestroke Metformin Use on the 1-Year Prognosis of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. ( Liu, Q; Sun, BL; Tu, WJ; Wang, K; Wang, Y; Zeng, Q; Zeng, X, 2021) |
| " Here, we present a case of a diabetic patient with acute kidney injury, metformin-associated lactic acidosis, and COVID-19." | 8.02 | Metformin-associated lactic acidosis and acute kidney injury in the era of COVID-19. ( Kalaitzidis, RG; Koukoulaki, M; Theofilis, P; Vlachopanos, G; Vordoni, A, 2021) |
| "The present study evaluated the effects of dapagliflozin, a SGLT2 inhibitor, or dapagliflozin plus metformin versus metformin monotherapy in patients with metabolic syndrome." | 8.02 | Dapagliflozin, metformin, monotherapy or both in patients with metabolic syndrome. ( Cheng, L; Fan, Y; Fu, Q; Lin, W; Liu, F; Wu, X; Zhang, X; Zhou, L, 2021) |
| "The aim of this case report is to specify the frequency and mortality of Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis (MALA) in emergency medicine, as the diagnosis seems to occur more often than estimated." | 8.02 | Metformin Associated Lactic Acidosis in Clinical Practice - A Case Series. ( Kellerer, M; Schädle, P; Tschritter, O, 2021) |
| "Recent reports suggest that the negative association between diabetes mellitus and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) may be driven by metformin, the world's most common antidiabetic drug rather than diabetes per se." | 8.02 | Metformin Prescription Associated with Reduced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Growth Rate and Reduced Chemokine Expression in a Swedish Cohort. ( Bjarnegård, N; De Basso, R; Gottsäter, A; Mani, K; Unosson, J; Wågsäter, D; Wanhainen, A; Welander, M, 2021) |
| "Although hemodialysis is recommended for patients with severe metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA), the amount of metformin removed by hemodialysis is poorly documented." | 8.02 | A Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Hemodialysis for Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis. ( Biary, R; Harding, SA; Hoffman, RS; Howland, MA; Su, MK, 2021) |
| "This study aimed to investigate the association between metformin usage and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort database." | 8.02 | Metformin usage and the risk of colorectal cancer: a national cohort study. ( Bae, YJ; Choi, EA; Han, YE; Kang, HT; Kim, HS; Kim, J; Kim, Y; Kim, YS; Lee, JW; You, HS, 2021) |
| "To assess the impact of metformin use on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in tuberculosis (TB) patients who are presented with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 8.02 | Impact of metformin therapy on health-related quality of life outcomes in tuberculosis patients with diabetes mellitus in India: A prospective study. ( Kapur, P; Khayyam, KU; Krishan, S; Mishra, R; Rai, PK; Sharma, M; Siddiqui, AN, 2021) |
| "To investigate the metformin effect on the risk of osteoporosis (OS) and/or vertebral fracture (VF)." | 8.02 | Metformin use is associated with a lower risk of osteoporosis/vertebral fracture in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Tseng, CH, 2021) |
| "Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a widely documented adverse event of metformin." | 8.02 | The usefulness of measuring the anion gap in diagnosing metformin-associated lactic acidosis: a case series. ( Agra-Montava, I; Juanes-Borrego, A; Lozano-Polo, L; Mangues-Bafalluy, MA; Puig-Campmany, M; Ruiz-Ramos, J, 2021) |
| "Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been associated with increased breast cancer risk, but commonly prescribed antidiabetic medications such as metformin may reduce risk." | 8.02 | A prospective study of type 2 diabetes, metformin use, and risk of breast cancer. ( Bookwalter, DB; Jackson, CL; O'Brien, KM; Park, YM; Sandler, DP; Weinberg, CR, 2021) |
| "Compare rates of lactic acidosis (LA) among metformin-exposed and unexposed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and varying degrees of chronic kidney disease (CKD)." | 8.02 | Lactic acidosis incidence with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: A retrospective nested case-control study. ( Alvarez, CA; Chansard, M; Halm, EA; Hennessy, S; Lingvay, I; McGuire, DK; Miller, RT; Mortensen, EM; Pugh, MJV; Vouri, SM; Yang, H; Zullo, AR, 2021) |
| "Although there is growing evidence of metformin's pleiotropic effects, including possible effects on pain, there is a lack of studies investigating the association of metformin with the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among a large cohort with type 2 diabetes cohort." | 8.02 | The effect of the anti-diabetic drug metformin on musculoskeletal pain: A cross-sectional study with 21,889 individuals from the UK biobank. ( Carvalho-E-Silva, AP; Ferreira, ML; Ferreira, PH; Harmer, AR, 2021) |
| "There are still inconsistencies about the role of metformin on breast cancer." | 8.02 | The Effect of Metformin on Survival Outcomes of Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. ( Behrouzi, B; Emami, AH; Mohagheghi, MA; Sadighi, S; Zokaasadi, M, 2021) |
| " Insulin and C-peptide responses and insulin sensitivity were calculated from 2-h oral glucose tolerance tests." | 8.02 | Association of glycemia with insulin sensitivity and β-cell function in adults with early type 2 diabetes on metformin alone. ( Banerji, MA; Barzilay, J; Cohen, RM; Gonzalez, EV; Ismail-Beigi, F; Kahn, SE; Lachin, JM; Mather, KJ; Raskin, P; Rasouli, N; Utzschneider, KM; Wexler, DJ; Younes, N, 2021) |
| "Long-term use of metformin was associated with reduced risk of pneumonia and pneumonia-related death among Chinese individuals with diabetes." | 8.02 | Long-term metformin use and risk of pneumonia and related death in type 2 diabetes: a registry-based cohort study. ( Chan, JCN; Chow, E; Kong, APS; Lau, ESH; Luk, AOY; Ma, RCW; Shi, M; So, WY; Wu, H; Yang, A, 2021) |
| "To our knowledge, no meta-analyses or reviews have investigated the efficacy and safety of metformin on cardiovascular outcomes after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 8.02 | Effects of continuous use of metformin on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes after acute myocardial infarction: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Shen, C; Tan, S; Yang, J, 2021) |
| "To explore the effects of second-line combination therapies with metformin on body weight, HbA1c and health-related quality of life, as well as the risks of hypoglycaemia and further treatment intensification in the DISCOVER study, a 3-year, prospective, global observational study of patients with type 2 diabetes initiating second-line glucose-lowering therapy." | 8.02 | Associations between second-line glucose-lowering combination therapies with metformin and HbA1c, body weight, quality of life, hypoglycaemic events and glucose-lowering treatment intensification: The DISCOVER study. ( Charbonnel, B; Chen, H; Cooper, A; Gomes, MB; Ji, L; Khunti, K; Leigh, P; Nicolucci, A; Rathmann, W; Shestakova, MV; Siddiqui, A; Tang, F; Watada, H, 2021) |
| "The relationship between type 2 diabetes (T2D), metformin, and breast cancer is complex." | 8.02 | Making sense of associations between type 2 diabetes, metformin, and breast cancer risk. ( Park, YM; Sandler, DP, 2021) |
| " We compared patients who received metformin throughout pregnancy to those with no metformin exposure." | 8.02 | Metformin Exposure and Risk of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. ( Adams, JH; Antony, KM; Eddy, A; Hoppe, KK; Iruretagoyena, JI; Racine, JL; Rhoades, JS; Stewart, KS, 2021) |
| " Based on metformin and other anti-diabetic agent prescriptions, we categorized all patients with autoimmune diseases into either the metformin group (metformin administration for at least 28 days) or the non-metformin group." | 8.02 | Reduced Mortality Associated With the Use of Metformin Among Patients With Autoimmune Diseases. ( Chen, TH; Hsu, CY; Lin, CY; Lin, MS; Lin, YS; Su, YJ; Wu, CH, 2021) |
| "The effect of metformin on primary bone cancer risk has not been researched." | 8.02 | Metformin and primary bone cancer risk in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Tseng, CH, 2021) |
| "This retrospective cohort study used the nationwide database of Taiwan's National Health Insurance to investigate whether metformin would reduce the risk of acute appendicitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 8.02 | Metformin use is associated with a reduced risk of acute appendicitis in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Tseng, CH, 2021) |
| "In this analysis of electronic health record data from a large database in China, metformin as first-line monotherapy greatly reduced the risk of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, and heart failure in diabetes patients as compared with nonmetformin medications." | 8.02 | Risk of Death and Heart Failure among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Treated by Metformin and Nonmetformin Monotherapy: A Real-World Study. ( Chen, X; Chen, Y; He, S; Li, G; Qian, X; Shen, X; Xu, X; Zhang, B, 2021) |
| "To determine the association between metformin use and asthma exacerbations among patients with diabetes." | 8.02 | Metformin Use and Risk of Asthma Exacerbation Among Asthma Patients with Glycemic Dysfunction. ( Akenroye, A; Fawzy, A; Hansel, NN; Keet, C; McCormack, MC; Wu, TD, 2021) |
| "Numerous studies have suggested that metformin treatment can increase breast cancer survival; however, it is unclear whether its effects interact with intrinsic subtype or diabetic status." | 8.02 | Potential intrinsic subtype dependence on the association between metformin use and survival in surgically resected breast cancer: a Korean national population-based study. ( Cho, MJ; Kim, BH; Kwon, J, 2021) |
| "The metformin treatment counteracted the development of depression-like behaviors in mice suffering SDS when administered alone and enhanced the anti-depressant effect of fluoxetine when combined with fluoxetine." | 7.96 | Metformin ameliorates stress-induced depression-like behaviors via enhancing the expression of BDNF by activating AMPK/CREB-mediated histone acetylation. ( Chen, X; Dai, X; Fang, W; Hong, L; Huang, W; Ye, Q; Zhang, J, 2020) |
| "We aimed to estimate colorectal cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using metformin." | 7.96 | Positive effect of metformin treatment in colorectal cancer patients with type 2 diabetes: national cohort study. ( Dulskas, A; Linkeviciute-Ulinskiene, D; Patasius, A; Smailyte, G; Urbonas, V; Zabuliene, L, 2020) |
| "The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends that treatment with metformin be considered for prevention of type 2 diabetes in persons with prediabetes." | 7.96 | Trends in Self-reported Prediabetes and Metformin Use in the USA: NHANES 2005-2014. ( Foti, K; Grams, ME; Liu, C; Selvin, E; Shin, JI, 2020) |
| "Using a propensity score matching of 1:2 ratio, this retrospective claims database study compared metformin prescription (n = 130) and non-metformin therapy (n = 260) in patients with T2DM and hypertension and without clinical signs or symptoms of heart failure." | 7.96 | Association between long-term prescription of metformin and the progression of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. ( Gu, J; Wang, CQ; Yin, ZF; Zhang, JF, 2020) |
| " In both groups, metformin reduced glucose levels, homeostasis model assessment 1 of insulin resistance index (HOMA1-IR), thyrotropin levels and Jostel's thyrotropin index, as well as increased SPINA-GT." | 7.96 | The impact of oral hormonal contraception on metformin action on hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis activity in women with diabetes and prediabetes: A pilot study. ( Kowalcze, K; Krysiak, R; Okopień, B; Wolnowska, M, 2020) |
| "Metformin may decrease cell senescence, including bone; hence we aimed at evaluating the association between metformin use and osteoporosis." | 7.96 | Metformin use is associated with a lower risk of osteoporosis in adult women independent of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. REDLINC IX study. ( Aedo, S; Arriola-Montenegro, J; Arteaga, E; Belardo, A; Blümel, JE; Chedraui, P; Fighera, TM; López, M; Martino, M; Miranda, C; Miranda, O; Mostajo, D; Ñañez, M; Ojeda, E; Pilnik, S; Rojas, J; Salinas, C; Sosa, L; Spritzer, PM; Tserotas, K; Vallejo, MS, 2020) |
| "Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a difficult to diagnose and potentially life-threatening disease." | 7.96 | [Severe Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis in a 67-Year-Old Patient]. ( Keßler, M; Rattka, M; Rottbauer, W, 2020) |
| "Prior metformin therapy was not significantly associated with the risk of sepsis and 30-day mortality after diagnosis of sepsis among diabetes patients." | 7.96 | Association between prior metformin therapy and sepsis in diabetes patients: a nationwide sample cohort study. ( Oh, TK; Song, IA, 2020) |
| "We studied a large cohort of early-stage, hormone-positive breast cancer patients to determine if there is an association between RS and metformin treatment." | 7.96 | Diabetes and Metformin Association with Recurrence Score in a Large Oncotype Database of Breast Cancer Patients. ( Blanter, J; Cascetta, K; Ru, M; Tharakan, S; Tiersten, A; Zimmerman, B, 2020) |
| "Epidemiological evidence for the association between postdiagnostic metformin use and survival in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) remains limited." | 7.96 | Postdiagnostic metformin use and survival of patients with colorectal cancer: A Nationwide cohort study. ( Chang, JW; Chang, SH; Chen, JS; Chou, WC; Hsu, HC; Huang, WK; Kuo, CF; Lin, YC; See, LC; Yang, TS, 2020) |
| "To compare the risk of lactic acidosis hospitalization between patients treated with metformin versus sulfonylureas following development of reduced kidney function." | 7.96 | Hospitalization for Lactic Acidosis Among Patients With Reduced Kidney Function Treated With Metformin or Sulfonylureas. ( Chipman, J; Chu, PY; Elasy, T; Greevy, RA; Griffin, MR; Grijalva, CG; Hackstadt, AJ; Hung, AM; Roumie, CL, 2020) |
| "To assess the relationship between metformin use and the severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to investigate the effect of metformin dosage on reducing the incidence of DR." | 7.96 | Metformin Treatment Is Associated with a Decreased Risk of Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-Based Cohort Study. ( Fan, YP; Hsiung, CA; Lai, JN; Lin, JL; Liu, HY; Wu, CT; Yang, CC, 2020) |
| "Metformin use prior to diagnosis of cancer was associated with a decrease in risk of both breast cancer (OR = 0." | 7.96 | Use of metformin and risk of breast and colorectal cancer. ( Gronich, N; Gruber, SB; Pinchev, M; Rennert, G; Rennert, HS, 2020) |
| "To describe the composition of jejunal microbiota in morbidly obese patients, as well as its link with insulin resistance and metformin treatment." | 7.96 | Mucosa-associated microbiota in the jejunum of patients with morbid obesity: alterations in states of insulin resistance and metformin treatment. ( García-Fuentes, E; Gonzalo, M; Gutiérrez-Repiso, C; Ho-Plágaro, A; Martín-Núñez, GM; Moreno-Indias, I; Rodríguez-Cañete, A; Tinahones, FJ, 2020) |
| "The patient was diagnosed with eu-DKA accompanied by severe hypernatremia (corrected serum Na concentration, 163 mEq/L) and hypokalemia following dapagliflozin re-administration." | 7.96 | Dapagliflozin-associated euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A case report. ( Ahn, DJ; Lee, IH, 2020) |
| "Liraglutide seems to reduce GV in the acute phase of acute coronary syndrome, and patients achieved optimal control with a low incidence of hypoglycemia." | 7.96 | Glycemic variability in type 2 diabetes mellitus and acute coronary syndrome: liraglutide compared with insulin glargine: a pilot study. ( Arnau Vives, MA; Ballesteros Martin-Portugués, A; Catalá Gregori, A; Caudet Esteban, J; Cerveró Rubio, A; Del Olmo-García, MI; Hervás Marín, D; Merino-Torres, JF; Penalba Martínez, M, 2020) |
| "To evaluate whether pretreatment with metformin (MET) is associated with less stroke severity and better outcome after IV thrombolysis (IVT), we analyzed a cohort of 1,919 patients with stroke with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a multicenter exploratory analysis." | 7.96 | Association of prestroke metformin use, stroke severity, and thrombolysis outcome. ( Arnold, M; Bejot, Y; Brenière, C; Coutinho, JM; Curtze, S; Engelter, ST; Erdur, H; Eskandari, A; Gensicke, H; Gilliot, S; Groot, AE; Hametner, C; Held, U; Heldner, MR; Jovanovic, DR; Kägi, G; Leys, D; Luft, AR; Magoni, M; Martinez-Majander, N; Michel, P; Nederkoorn, P; Nolte, CH; Padjen, V; Pezzini, A; Polymeris, AA; Ringleb, P; Scheitz, JF; Scherrer, MJ; Seners, P; Steigmiller, K; Tatlisumak, T; Tiainen, M; Traenka, C; Turc, G; Vandelli, L; Wegener, S; Westphal, LP; Widmer, R; Zini, A, 2020) |
| "Accumulating evidence suggests that metformin reduces the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC)." | 7.96 | Metformin changes the immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Horie, H; Kawahira, H; Kitayama, J; Koinuma, K; Lefor, AK; Mimura, T; Ohzawa, H; Saito, A; Sata, N; Yamaguchi, H, 2020) |
| "To evaluate the association between metformin use and anemia risk in type 2 diabetes, and the time-course for this, in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and real-world population data." | 7.96 | Risk of Anemia With Metformin Use in Type 2 Diabetes: A MASTERMIND Study. ( Coleman, RL; Dennis, JM; Donnelly, LA; Hattersley, AT; Holman, RR; Pearson, ER; Sattar, N, 2020) |
| "Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) carries a high mortality rate." | 7.96 | Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: reinforcing learning points. ( Creagh, F; Goonoo, MS; Morris, R; Raithatha, A, 2020) |
| "Metformin use in pregnancy is controversial because metformin crosses the placenta and the safety on the fetus has not been well-established." | 7.96 | Association of pregnancy outcomes in women with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin versus insulin when becoming pregnant. ( Chang, SH; Chiou, MJ; Huang, YT; Kuo, CF; Lin, SF; Lin, WT, 2020) |
| "The primary study outcome was melanoma-specific mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using metformin." | 7.96 | The impact of metformin on survival in patients with melanoma-national cohort study. ( Burokiene, N; Dulskas, A; Patasius, A; Rutenberge, J; Smailyte, G; Urbonas, V, 2020) |
| "The aim of this study is to investigate the association between metformin usage and dementia in an elderly Korean population." | 7.96 | Metformin use in elderly population with diabetes reduced the risk of dementia in a dose-dependent manner, based on the Korean NHIS-HEALS cohort. ( Bae, YJ; Choi, EA; Han, YE; Kang, HT; Kim, HS; Kim, J; Kim, Y; Kim, YS; Lee, HC; Lee, JW; You, HS, 2020) |
| "We showed that being female and at an older age, lower educational level, and lower BMI were risk factors for sarcopenia in elderly T2DM and that metformin acted as a protective agent against sarcopenia in these patients." | 7.96 | Risk Factors for Sarcopenia in the Elderly with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Effect of Metformin. ( Cao, L; Chen, F; Huang, T; Liu, T; Ma, G; Wang, D; Wang, Y; Wei, Q; Xu, S; Zhao, Y, 2020) |
| "The effect of metformin on leukemia risk remains unknown." | 7.96 | Metformin Use and Leukemia Risk in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Tseng, CH, 2020) |
| "To assess whether metformin use affects risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by comparing the risk of BPH in men with type 2 diabetes who initiated first-line treatment with either metformin or sulfonylurea monotherapy between 2000 or 2006 in Northern Denmark." | 7.96 | Metformin use and long-term risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a population-based cohort study. ( Darvalics, B; Nørgaard, M; Thomsen, RW, 2020) |
| "Lactic acidosis is a feared complication of metformin therapy." | 7.96 | Metformin -associated lactic acidosis. ( Bláha, V; Lášticová, M; Šmahelová, A; Víšek, J; Zima, O, 2020) |
| "The work is aimed to estimate the change in risk of local people in the endemic area of cholangiocarcinoma in scenario that diabetic patients are treated with metformin in the highly endemic area of cancer in Thailand." | 7.96 | Decreased risk of cholangiocarcinoma in diabetic patients treated with metformin. ( Sookaromdee, P; Wiwanitkit, V, 2020) |
| "This population-based retrospective cohort study compared the incidence of varicose veins in an unmatched cohort and a cohort of 1:1 propensity score (PS)-matched pairs of ever and never users of metformin in type 2 diabetes patients." | 7.96 | Metformin reduces risk of varicose veins in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Tseng, CH, 2020) |
| " We tested whether metformin can suppress aortic AGEs production and protect against aortic injuries (aortopathy) and hypertension in streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) animal model." | 7.91 | Metformin suppresses aortic ultrastrucural damage and hypertension induced by diabetes: a potential role of advanced glycation end products. ( Abdel Latif, NS; Al-Ani, B; Amin, SN; Bin-Jaliah, I; Dallak, M; Eid, RA; Haidara, MA, 2019) |
| "Background A beneficial effect of metformin on heart failure requires confirmation." | 7.91 | Metformin Use Is Associated With a Lower Risk of Hospitalization for Heart Failure in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a Retrospective Cohort Analysis. ( Tseng, CH, 2019) |
| " We report three cases of prospectively identified laboratory confirmed metformin-associated lactic acidosis admitted to our intensive care unit." | 7.91 | Laboratory-Confirmed Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis ( Canavan, C; Coyle, N; Nasim, S; Nestor, C, 2019) |
| "Metformin may be associated with reduced colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but findings from previous studies have been inconsistent and had insufficient sample sizes to examine whether the association differs by anatomic site." | 7.91 | Metformin Is Associated With Reduced Odds for Colorectal Cancer Among Persons With Diabetes. ( Bustamante, R; Demb, J; Earles, A; Gawron, AJ; Ghosh, P; Gupta, S; Gutkind, JS; Kaltenbach, TR; Liu, L; Martinez, ME; Yaseyyedi, A, 2019) |
| "The use of metformin after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been associated with reduced mortality in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 7.91 | Metformin use and cardiovascular outcomes after acute myocardial infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cohort study. ( Bromage, DI; Denaxas, S; Godec, TR; Gonzalez-Izquierdo, A; Hemingway, H; Pujades-Rodriguez, M; Yellon, DM, 2019) |
| "A 70-year-old Japanese woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus presented to an emergency room with metformin-associated lactic acidosis." | 7.91 | A patient with metformin-associated lactic acidosis successfully treated with continuous renal replacement therapy: a case report. ( Ando, M; Ariyoshi, K; Kinoshita, H; Tamura, R; Yanai, M, 2019) |
| "The pharmacokinetic (PK) and clinical implications of combining metformin with rifampicin are relevant to increasing numbers of patients with diabetic tuberculosis (TB) across the world and are yet unclear." | 7.91 | Rifampicin Alters Metformin Plasma Exposure but Not Blood Glucose Levels in Diabetic Tuberculosis Patients. ( Aarnoutse, RE; Alisjahbana, B; Burger, DM; Koenderink, JB; Livia, R; Ruslami, R; Santoso, P; Soetedjo, N; Te Brake, LHM; van Crevel, R; van Ewijk-Beneken Kolmer, E; Yunivita, V, 2019) |
| "In people with metformin-treated diabetes, to evaluate the risk of acute pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer and other diseases of the pancreas post second-line anti-hyperglycaemic agent initiation." | 7.91 | Treatment with incretins does not increase the risk of pancreatic diseases compared to older anti-hyperglycaemic drugs, when added to metformin: real world evidence in people with Type 2 diabetes. ( Atherton, J; Green, JB; Montvida, O; Paul, SK, 2019) |
| "The choice of the specific modality and treatment duration of renal replacement therapy (RRT) to adopt in metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is still debated." | 7.91 | Sustained low-efficiency dialysis for metformin-associated lactic acidosis in patients with acute kidney injury. ( Fani, F; Ferioli, E; Fiaccadori, E; Gandolfini, I; Greco, P; Locatelli, C; Maccari, C; Maggiore, U; Parenti, E; Regolisti, G, 2019) |
| "We found no clear evidence of any adverse outcomes related to the use of metformin for the treatment of hyperglycemia in pregnancy." | 7.91 | Real-world experience of metformin use in pregnancy: Observational data from the Northern Territory Diabetes in Pregnancy Clinical Register. ( Barzi, F; Boyle, J; Brown, A; Chitturi, S; Connors, C; Corpus, S; Cotter, M; Dowden, M; Inglis, C; Kirkham, R; Kirkwood, M; Lee, IL; Lindenmayer, G; Longmore, D; Maple-Brown, LJ; McIntyre, HD; Moore, E; O'Dea, K; Oats, J; Shaw, JE; Thomas, S; van Dokkum, P; Whitbread, C; Wicks, M; Zimmet, P, 2019) |
| "To compare the risks of hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) associated with sulfonylurea (SU), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i), and thiazolidinedione (TZD) as add-on medications to metformin (MET) therapy using the data of Korean adults with type-2 diabetes from the Korean National Health Insurance database." | 7.91 | Second-line glucose-lowering drugs added to metformin and the risk of hospitalization for heart failure: A nationwide cohort study. ( Ha, KH; Kim, DJ; Kim, HC; Lee, H; Lee, JH; Lee, SJ, 2019) |
| "The safety of metformin usage by diabetic psoriasis patients is unclear." | 7.91 | Safety of Metformin in Psoriasis Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: A 17-Year Population-Based Real-World Cohort Study. ( Chen, TH; Chi, CC; Chiu, WT; Hsu, CY; Lin, YS; Su, YJ, 2019) |
| "No randomized controlled trials evaluating metformin therapy efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have been reported." | 7.91 | Metformin was associated with lower all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes with acute coronary syndrome: A Nationwide registry with propensity score-matched analysis. ( Chen, KY; Chong, JT; Hsieh, IC; Hsieh, MY; Hsu, CN; Jong, CB; Lai, CL; Lin, WS; Shyu, KG; Su, FY; Ueng, KC; Voon, WC; Wu, CC, 2019) |
| "To study the incidence of lactic acidosis due to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3-5." | 7.91 | Lactic acidosis due to metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease stage 3-5: is it significant? ( Guddattu, V; Mareddy, AS; Nagaraju, SP; Prabhu, RA; Rangaswamy, D, 2019) |
| "Metformin treatment did not affect food intake, body weight, and casual blood glucose levels within each mouse line during the 20-week feeding period." | 7.91 | Metformin Attenuates Early-Stage Atherosclerosis in Mildly Hyperglycemic Oikawa-Nagao Mice. ( Asai, A; Kawahara, M; Miyazawa, T; Nagao, M; Oikawa, S; Shuto, Y; Sugihara, H, 2019) |
| "Background Whether metformin might affect the risk of benign nodular goiter in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus has not been investigated." | 7.91 | Metformin reduces risk of benign nodular goiter in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Tseng, CH, 2019) |
| "We assessed racial/ethnic disparity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence among men with type 2 diabetes (T2D) but without chronic liver diseases (CLD), and whether metformin use modified the disparity." | 7.91 | Metformin modifies disparity in hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in men with type 2 diabetes but without chronic liver diseases. ( Kuhn, J; Lam, YF; MacCarthy, D; Ramirez, AG; Schmidt, S; Shah, DP; Tenner, L; Wang, CP, 2019) |
| "The use of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus has been associated with lactic acidosis." | 7.91 | Lactic acidosis associated with metformin in patients with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease: study protocol for a multicenter population-based case-control study using health databases. ( Ávila, M; Gómez-Lumbreras, A; Manríquez, M; Morros, R; Pedrós, C, 2019) |
| "To investigate whether the use of metformin during computed tomography (CT) with radiocontrast agents increases the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) and metabolic acidosis after CT in type 2 diabetes patients with mild to moderate renal failure." | 7.91 | Are patients with mild to moderate renal impairment on metformin or other oral anti-hyperglycaemic agents at increased risk of contrast-induced nephropathy and metabolic acidosis after radiocontrast exposure? ( Baek, JH; Cho, HS; Cho, YY; Hahm, JR; Jung, J; Jung, JH; Kim, HS; Kim, KY; Kim, SK, 2019) |
| "Metformin-associated lactic acidosis is a rare but serious complication of taking metformin." | 7.91 | Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis Presenting Like Acute Mesenteric Ischemia. ( Hastings, C; Johnson, K; Slaven, E; Zhang, QC, 2019) |
| " Metformin use has been associated with a lower risk of dementia compared with sulfonylureas." | 7.91 | Association Between Metformin Initiation and Incident Dementia Among African American and White Veterans Health Administration Patients. ( Dublin, S; Farr, SA; Floyd, JS; Morley, JE; Salas, J; Scherrer, JF, 2019) |
| "Lymphoma and pancreatic cancer patients with type 2 diabetes were sorted into an experimental (metformin) group and a control (nonmetformin) group." | 7.91 | Metformin Associated With Increased Survival in Type 2 Diabetes Patients With Pancreatic Cancer and Lymphoma. ( Solomon, SS; Vacheron, A; Wynn, A; Zuber, J, 2019) |
| "To compare incident dementia risk among patients who initiated treatment with metformin or sulfonylurea in Veterans Health Affairs (VHA) patients with replication in Kaiser Permanente Washington (KPW) patients to determine whether first-choice antidiabetic medications are associated with reduced risk of dementia." | 7.91 | Metformin and Sulfonylurea Use and Risk of Incident Dementia. ( Dublin, S; Farr, SA; Floyd, JS; Morley, JE; Salas, J; Scherrer, JF, 2019) |
| " Metformin is a drug used in individuals with type 2 diabetes, obesity or impaired glucose tolerance and it has a strong safety profile in children and adults." | 7.88 | Metformin as targeted treatment in fragile X syndrome. ( Dy, ABC; Eldeeb, M; Hagerman, R; Salcedo-Arellano, MJ; Tartaglia, N; Tassone, F, 2018) |
| "Pharmacokinetic data suggest that the risk of metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) may be increased after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery." | 7.88 | Risk of Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis (MALA) in Patients After Gastric Bypass Surgery. ( Aarts, EO; Aelfers, SCW; Berends, FJ; de Boer, H; Deden, LN; Janssen, IMC; van Borren, MMGJ, 2018) |
| "The effect of pioglitazone was compared with that of other second-line glucose-lowering drugs on the risk of dementia among individuals with type 2 diabetes receiving metformin-based dual therapy." | 7.88 | Lower risk of dementia with pioglitazone, compared with other second-line treatments, in metformin-based dual therapy: a population-based longitudinal study. ( Hsieh, CY; Li, CY; Lu, CH; Ou, HT; Yang, CY, 2018) |
| " The aim of the current work was to investigate the effect of metformin versus vitamin D (and also simultaneous administration) therapy in type 2 diabetic (T2D) rats on the state of the muscle and insulin sensitivity." | 7.88 | Synergistic actions of vitamin D and metformin on skeletal muscles and insulin resistance of type 2 diabetic rats. ( Amin, SN; Hassan, SS; Hussein, UK; Rashed, LA; Yassa, HD, 2018) |
| "A new diagnostic paradigm has been proposed to better categorize causes of Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis (MALA)." | 7.88 | Metformin-Induced Lactic Acidosis (MILA): Review of current diagnostic paradigm. ( Al-Khalisy, H; Kaul, P; Krowl, L, 2018) |
| "Aim of study‒ estimate the influence of the metformin therapy on the sCD40-ligand and sVE-cadherinlevels among patients with acute myocardial infarction and concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 7.88 | [INFLUENCE OF THE METFORMIN THERAPY ON THE ACTIVITY OF ENDOTHELIAL-DEPENDENT MEDIATORS AMONG PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND CONCOMITANT TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS]. ( Babadjan, V; Borzova, O; Kovalyova, Y; Ryndina, N; Zaikina, Т, 2018) |
| "Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for severe dengue in adults, but few studies have examined the association between metformin use and disease severity in dengue." | 7.88 | Metformin Use and Severe Dengue in Diabetic Adults. ( Htun, HL; Leo, YS; Lye, DC; Pang, J; Tam, CC; Yeo, TW, 2018) |
| " The aim of present study was to investigate the therapeutic potentials of resveratrol (RSV) alone and/or in combination with vitamin-E (Vit-E) against hyperglycemia-induced modulations using experimentally alloxan-induced diabetic animal model." | 7.88 | Resveratrol regulates hyperglycemia-induced modulations in experimental diabetic animal model. ( Akash, MSH; Munawar, SM; Rehman, K; Saeed, K, 2018) |
| "We investigated metformin-induced cytotoxic effects in vitro and assessed the chemopreventive effects of metformin in patients undergoing hepatic resection (HR) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)." | 7.88 | Metformin-associated Chemopreventive Effects on Recurrence After Hepatic Resection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From ( Ahn, CS; Ha, TY; Hwang, S; Jung, DH; Jwa, E; Kang, WH; Kim, KH; Kim, N; Lee, KJ; Lee, SG; Lee, YJ; Moon, DB; Park, GC; Song, GW; Tak, E, 2018) |
| "To estimate the incidence rate of lactic acidosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as to estimate the relative risk of lactic acidosis associated with metformin treatment." | 7.88 | Risk of lactic acidosis in type 2 diabetes patients using metformin: A case control study. ( Aharaz, A; Beck-Nielsen, H; Hallas, J; Henriksen, DP; Lassen, AT; Pottegård, A, 2018) |
| "To evaluate the association between metformin use and heart failure (HF) exacerbation in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and pre-existing HF using alternative exposure models." | 7.88 | Acute vs cumulative benefits of metformin use in patients with type 2 diabetes and heart failure. ( Abrahamowicz, M; Beauchamp, ME; Eurich, DT; Weir, DL, 2018) |
| "Metformin is an oral anti-diabetic therapy (ADT) to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and has been reported to have potential anti-tuberculosis (TB) effects." | 7.88 | Metformin is associated with a lower risk of active tuberculosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Chen, TC; Chen, YH; Chong, IW; Lin, SY; Lu, PL; Tu, HP; Wang, WH, 2018) |
| "Whether metformin use may reduce hypertension risk has not been studied." | 7.88 | Metformin and Risk of Hypertension in Taiwanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Tseng, CH, 2018) |
| "Whether metformin may reduce hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk requires confirmation." | 7.88 | Metformin and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Tseng, CH, 2018) |
| "The aim of this study was to examine the effect of metformin on the prognosis of patients with SCLC combined with diabetes mellitus (DM)." | 7.88 | Effect of metformin in the prognosis of patients with smallcell lung cancer combined with diabetes mellitus. ( Han, N; Huang, Z; Lu, H; Mao, W; Qin, J; Xie, F, 2018) |
| "The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of major birth defects and spontaneous abortion after metformin use during the first trimester of pregnancy." | 7.88 | Pregnancy outcome after first-trimester exposure to metformin: A prospective cohort study. ( Beck, E; Grupe, K; Schaefer, C; Scherneck, S; Schlinke, N; Weber-Schoendorfer, C, 2018) |
| "Purpose Epidemiologic data from several populations suggest that metformin may decrease cancer risk and mortality in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and type II diabetes mellitus (DM)." | 7.88 | Validation of the Survival Benefits of Metformin in Middle Eastern Patients With Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Colorectal Cancer. ( Abdelkhaleq, H; Al Omari, A; Al-Hussaini, M; Alfaqih, MA; Awad, N; Garrett, CR; Hassan, MM; Turfa, R, 2018) |
| " Metformin (MET) is a potent combination drug to elevate anti-TB efficacy and able to regulate inflammation." | 7.88 | Metformin associated inflammation levels regulation in type 2 diabetes mellitus-tuberculosis coinfection patients - A case report. ( Novita, BD; Nugraha, J; Soediono, EI, 2018) |
| " Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is one such rare, life-threatening adverse drug effect." | 7.88 | Metformin-associated lactic acidosis precipitated by liraglutide use: adverse effects of aggressive antihyperglycaemic therapy. ( Hannallah, F; Hooda, A; Mehta, A, 2018) |
| "Metformin is renally excreted and has been associated with the development of lactic acidosis." | 7.85 | Acute kidney injury, plasma lactate concentrations and lactic acidosis in metformin users: A GoDarts study. ( Connelly, PJ; Donnelly, L; Lonergan, M; Pearson, ER; Soto-Pedre, E; Zhou, K, 2017) |
| "The association between metformin and colorectal cancer (CRC) has rarely been investigated in Asian populations." | 7.85 | Metformin is associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes: A retrospective cohort analysis. ( Tseng, CH, 2017) |
| " It compared metformin and other hypoglycaemic medication use in diabetic patients with uncomplicated diverticulosis to those with acute diverticulitis." | 7.85 | Metformin use in diabetics with diverticular disease is associated with reduced incidence of diverticulitis. ( Croagh, D; Evans, JA; Freckelton, J; Moore, GT, 2017) |
| "Whether metformin precipitates lactic acidosis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains under debate." | 7.85 | Risk of acute kidney injury and survival in patients treated with Metformin: an observational cohort study. ( Bell, S; Colhoun, HM; Farran, B; Leese, GP; Lindsay, R; Looker, H; McCrimmon, RJ; McGurnaghan, S; McKeigue, P; McKnight, J; Petrie, JR; Sattar, N; Wild, S, 2017) |
| "Metformin associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a rare but lethal complication." | 7.85 | Metformin is not associated with lactic acidosis in patients with diabetes undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a case control study. ( Alburikan, KA; Nazer, RI, 2017) |
| "The present investigation was designed to explore the effectiveness of pterostilbene (PT) on insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress in fructose-fed insulin resistant rats." | 7.85 | Pterostilbene ameliorates insulin sensitivity, glycemic control and oxidative stress in fructose-fed diabetic rats. ( Kosuru, R; Singh, S, 2017) |
| "To assess factors associated with the higher effect of metformin on mortality in diabetic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, since the factors related to the effectiveness of metformin have not been identified yet." | 7.85 | Sex-dependent difference in the effect of metformin on colorectal cancer-specific mortality of diabetic colorectal cancer patients. ( Cheon, JH; Kim, TI; Kim, WH; Lee, JH; Park, JW; Park, SJ; Park, YH, 2017) |
| "In renal failure metformin can lead to lactic acidosis." | 7.85 | Combined metformin-associated lactic acidosis and euglycemic ketoacidosis. ( Eisner, F; Eller, K; Eller, P; Lind, A; Mader, JK; Pieber, TR; Plank, J; Schilcher, G; Schwetz, V, 2017) |
| "To determine whether metformin is associated with a lower incidence of dementia than sulfonylureas." | 7.85 | Metformin vs sulfonylurea use and risk of dementia in US veterans aged ≥65 years with diabetes. ( Cho, K; Cormack, J; Driver, JA; Gagnon, DR; Orkaby, AR, 2017) |
| "In 2015, we published a study on a small series of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated chronically with metformin for type II diabetes mellitus (DM2) who showed a poorer response to sorafenib." | 7.85 | Metformin and insulin impact on clinical outcome in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma receiving sorafenib: Validation study and biological rationale. ( Aprile, G; Brunetti, O; Casadei Gardini, A; Cascinu, S; De Matteis, S; Ercolani, G; Faloppi, L; Foschi, FG; Frassineti, GL; Granato, AM; Marisi, G; Negrini, G; Palmieri, V; Passardi, A; Perrone, G; Santini, D; Scartozzi, M; Silvestris, N; Tamburini, E; Tovoli, F; Valgiusti, M; Vespasiani-Gentilucci, U, 2017) |
| "Metformin use reduces the incidence and severity of stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)." | 7.85 | Association Between Stroke Risk and Metformin Use in Hemodialysis Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: A Nested Case-Control Study. ( Chen, HH; Chen, JS; Chen, LY; Chien, LN; Chou, CL; Fang, TC; Kao, CC; Lin, YC; Wu, YL, 2017) |
| "Metformin-associated lactic acidosis is a severe and infrequent adverse event." | 7.85 | [Metformin-associated lactic acidosis. Report of one case]. ( Dreyse, J; Orozco, R; Pezzani, MJ; Quintana, F; Regueira, T; Soto, L, 2017) |
| " All-cause mortality was considered as the primary endpoint and the effect of metformin therapy across the most representative subgroups in heart failure as a secondary endpoint." | 7.85 | Metformin and risk of long-term mortality following an admission for acute heart failure. ( Bertomeu, V; Fabregat-Andrés, Ó; Fácila, L; García-Blas, S; Miñana, G; Morell, S; Navarro, JP; Núñez, J; Sanchis, J; Valero, E, 2017) |
| "To assess risk of lactic acidosis among metformin users compared with other glucose-lowering agent users, according to renal function." | 7.85 | Metformin use and risk of lactic acidosis in people with diabetes with and without renal impairment: a cohort study in Denmark and the UK. ( Christiansen, CF; Ehrenstein, V; Gopalakrishnan, C; Heide-Jørgensen, U; Jick, S; Li, L; Nørrelund, H; Sørensen, HT, 2017) |
| "The present post hoc analysis investigated whether changes in endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 (∆GLP-1) levels are associated with weight loss in newly diagnosed diabetes patients." | 7.85 | Associations between changes in glucagon-like peptide-1 and bodyweight reduction in patients receiving acarbose or metformin treatment. ( Wang, N; Wang, X; Xing, XY; Yang, WY; Yang, ZJ; Zhang, B; Zhang, JP, 2017) |
| "To compare the therapeutic potential of TP-113, a unique molecular entity linking DHA with metformin, for alleviating insulin resistance in obese diabetic mice through the PDX/IL-6 pathway." | 7.85 | Treatment with a novel agent combining docosahexaenoate and metformin increases protectin DX and IL-6 production in skeletal muscle and reduces insulin resistance in obese diabetic db/db mice. ( Barbier, O; Lachance, D; Marette, A; Mitchell, PL; Nachbar, R; St-Pierre, P; Trottier, J, 2017) |
| "The objective of this nationwide study was to compare the risk of all-cause mortality, fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular disease (CVD), and severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) on metformin monotherapy treatment starting second-line treatment with either insulin or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i)." | 7.85 | Second line initiation of insulin compared with DPP-4 inhibitors after metformin monotherapy is associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, and severe hypoglycemia. ( Bodegard, J; Eriksson, JW; Nathanson, D; Norhammar, A; Nyström, T; Thuresson, M, 2017) |
| "The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of metformin on dysfunctional retinas in obesity-induced type 2 diabetic mice." | 7.85 | The Effects of Metformin on Obesity-Induced Dysfunctional Retinas. ( Chang, JY; Chang, RC; Kim, AJ; Ko, GY; Ko, ML; Shi, L, 2017) |
| " There was no difference in prevalence of hyperlactatemia and lactic acidosis between the patients with and without metformin use (18." | 7.85 | Association between Metformin Use and Risk of Lactic Acidosis or Elevated Lactate Concentration in Type 2 Diabetes. ( Cha, BS; Han, E; Hwang, S; Kang, ES; Kang, HP; Lee, BW; Lee, EY; Lee, HC; Lee, SH; Lee, W; Lee, YH; Lee, YM, 2017) |
| "Several observational studies have reported that metformin may be associated with reduced risk of breast cancer; however, many of these studies were affected by time-related biases such as immortal time bias and time-window bias." | 7.85 | Comparative Effect of Initiating Metformin Versus Sulfonylureas on Breast Cancer Risk in Older Women. ( Buse, JB; Henderson, LM; Hong, JL; Jonsson Funk, M; Lund, JL; Pate, V; Stürmer, T, 2017) |
| "The function of metformin in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) remains a controversial topic because studies are increasingly focusing on epidemiologic features." | 7.85 | Metformin depresses overactivated Notch1/Hes1 signaling in colorectal cancer patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Chen, S; Han, FH; Huang, CZ; Liu, GJ; Liu, Q; Yang, B; Yu, T; Zhou, SN, 2017) |
| " significantly improved glycemic control without an increased risk of hypoglycemia in Asian, predominantly Chinese, patients with T2DM inadequately controlled on insulin, with or without metformin." | 7.83 | Vildagliptin as add-on therapy to insulin improves glycemic control without increasing risk of hypoglycemia in Asian, predominantly Chinese, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Kothny, W; Li, L; Lukashevich, V; Lv, X; Ma, J; Ning, G; Wang, W; Woloschak, M; Yang, M, 2016) |
| "Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a rare but life-threatening adverse drug reaction of metformin, the most frequently prescribed medication for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 7.83 | Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis Presenting as Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. ( Cole, JB; Driver, BE; White, S, 2016) |
| " Metformin therapy reportedly decreases the risk of stroke, but the associations between metformin treatment and neurological severity or patient prognosis have not been investigated in clinical studies." | 7.83 | Impact of Metformin on the Severity and Outcomes of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Kuwashiro, T; Mima, Y; Nakamura, A; Okada, Y; Tsurusaki, Y; Wakugawa, Y; Yasaka, M, 2016) |
| " Metformin initiators who intensified treatment with insulin or sulfonylurea were followed to either their first or recurrent hypoglycemia event using Cox proportional hazard models." | 7.83 | Risk of hypoglycemia following intensification of metformin treatment with insulin versus sulfonylurea. ( Elasy, T; Greevy, RA; Griffin, MR; Grijalva, CG; Hung, AM; Liu, X; Min, JY; Roumie, CL, 2016) |
| "The study included 20 women with antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia and 12 normoprolactinemic women, who, because of coexisting glucose metabolism abnormalities, were treated for 6months with metformin." | 7.83 | The effect of metformin on prolactin levels in patients with drug-induced hyperprolactinemia. ( Kowalcze, K; Krysiak, R; Okopien, B; Szkrobka, W, 2016) |
| "The role of metformin in lactic acidosis is regularly questioned." | 7.83 | Lactic acidosis: relationship between metformin levels, lactate concentration and mortality. ( Altman, JJ; Boucaud-Maitre, D; Bouhanick, B; Doucet, J; Emmerich, J; Girardin, E; Kaloustian, E; Lassmann Vague, V; Porokhov, B; Ropers, J, 2016) |
| " In patients with untreated amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism, but not in the other groups of patients, metformin reduced serum levels of thyrotropin and this effect correlated weakly with its action on insulin sensitivity." | 7.83 | The effect of metformin on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in patients with type 2 diabetes and amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism. ( Gilowska, M; Krysiak, R; Okopień, B; Szkróbka, W, 2016) |
| "Metformin treatment reduces cell proliferation and reduces wound healing in an animal model and affects clinical outcomes in diabetic foot ulcer patients." | 7.83 | Metformin Induces Cell Cycle Arrest, Reduced Proliferation, Wound Healing Impairment In Vivo and Is Associated to Clinical Outcomes in Diabetic Foot Ulcer Patients. ( Castañeda-Delgado, JE; Cervantes-Villagrana, AR; Enciso-Moreno, JA; Fernandez-Ruiz, JC; Hernandez-Correa, AC; Nava-Ramirez, HS; Ochoa-Gonzalez, F, 2016) |
| "To compare the effect of different hypoglycemic drugs on laboratory and ultrasonographic markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes not controlled on metformin alone." | 7.83 | Effect of incretin therapies compared to pioglitazone and gliclazide in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetic patients not controlled on metformin alone: An observational, pilot study. ( García Díaz, E; Godoy, T; Guagnozzi, D; Gutiérrez, V; Larrañaga, Y; Maza, C; Mendoza, C; Perdomo, D; Taleb, G, 2016) |
| "Canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg provided sustained reductions in body weight, BMI, and waist circumference in a greater proportion of patients with T2DM versus glimepiride or placebo over 104 weeks." | 7.83 | Effects of canagliflozin on body weight and body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes over 104 weeks. ( Blonde, L; Canovatchel, W; Fung, A; Meininger, G; Stenlöf, K; Xie, J, 2016) |
| "To evaluate the strength of association between lactic acidosis (LA) and well-recognized risk factors for LA, particularly the weight of metformin." | 7.83 | Lactic Acidosis in Diabetic Population: Is Metformin Implicated? Results of a Matched Case-Control Study Performed on the Type 2 Diabetes Population of Grenoble Hospital University. ( Chanoine, S; Giai, J; Lepelley, M; Villier, C; Yahiaoui, N, 2016) |
| "A 72-year-old woman with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus was brought to the ER with metformin-associated lactic acidosis." | 7.83 | A Fatal Case of Metformin-associated Lactic Acidosis. ( Fujita, Y; Hamada, T; Kawato, R; Minatoguchi, S; Murai, Y; Nomura, A; Oyama, Y; Ozeki, T; Ryuge, A; Shimizu, H; Takasugi, K; Tomino, T; Watanabe, M, 2016) |
| "To compare the efficacy of acarbose and metformin in overweight and/or obese patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 7.83 | Comparison of acarbose and metformin therapy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients with overweight and/or obesity. ( Chen, J; Liao, L; Sun, W; Wang, Y; Zeng, C, 2016) |
| "This substudy of the AWARD-3 trial evaluated the effects of the once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, dulaglutide, versus metformin on glucose control, pancreatic function and insulin sensitivity, after standardized test meals in patients with type 2 diabetes." | 7.83 | Differential effects of once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide and metformin on pancreatic β-cell and insulin sensitivity during a standardized test meal in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( de la Peña, A; Del Prato, S; Karanikas, CA; Ludvik, B; Mari, A; Milicevic, Z; Pechtner, V; Shurzinske, L, 2016) |
| "In conclusion, our findings support the low risk of MALA among patients with mild-to-moderate renal impairment and the likelihood of metformin to be an innocent bystander without a pathogenic role in the lactic acidosis in most cases." | 7.83 | Retrospective analysis of lactic acidosis-related parameters upon and after metformin discontinuation in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease. ( Acikgoz, SB; Genc, AB; Nalbant, A; Sipahi, S; Solak, Y; Tamer, A; Yildirim, M; Yilmaz, U, 2016) |
| "To assess hypoglycemia incidence rates and associated costs in patients who initiated second-line treatment with the antidiabetic agents linagliptin or a sulfonylurea (SU) after metformin." | 7.83 | Hypoglycemia Incidence Rates and Associated Health Care Costs in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated with Second-Line Linagliptin or Sulfonylurea After Metformin Monotherapy. ( Cai, B; D'Souza, AO; Raju, A; Shetty, S, 2016) |
| "The use of metformin and incretins in women with T2DM and BC may reduce the risk of metastases." | 7.83 | Impact of metformin on metastases in patients with breast cancer and type 2 diabetes. ( Jacob, L; Kalder, M; Kostev, K; Rathmann, W, 2016) |
| "We report a case of metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) in the setting of normal renal function and review the relevant medical literature." | 7.83 | Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis in a Patient with Normal Renal Function. ( Ellen, R; Omar, A; Sorisky, A, 2016) |
| "To estimate the incidence of lactic acidosis (LA) and role of metformin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with anti-diabetes drugs." | 7.83 | Epidemiology of lactic acidosis in type 2 diabetes patients with metformin in Japan. ( Chang, CH; Dolin, P; Sakaguchi, M, 2016) |
| "The risk of asthma-related outcomes was lower for metformin users than non-users." | 7.83 | Metformin use and asthma outcomes among patients with concurrent asthma and diabetes. ( Erickson, SR; Li, CY; Wu, CH, 2016) |
| "To investigate changes in body weight trajectories after the addition of individual sulphonylureas (SUs) to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes." | 7.83 | Addition of sulphonylurea to metformin does not relevantly change body weight: a prospective observational cohort study (ZODIAC-39). ( Bilo, HJ; de Bock, GH; Groenier, KH; Houweling, ST; Kleefstra, N; Landman, GW; Schrijnders, D; van Hateren, KJ; Wever, R, 2016) |
| " The objective of this nationwide study was to compare the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), all-cause mortality and severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) starting second-line treatment with either metformin+sulphonylurea or metformin+dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i)." | 7.83 | Sulphonylurea compared to DPP-4 inhibitors in combination with metformin carries increased risk of severe hypoglycemia, cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality. ( Bodegard, J; Eriksson, JW; Nathanson, D; Norhammar, A; Nyström, T; Thuresson, M, 2016) |
| "To analyze the association between chronic metformin treatment and the development of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)." | 7.83 | Metformin and contrast-induced acute kidney injury in diabetic patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction: Amulticenter study. ( Cottin, Y; Feldman, LJ; Juliard, JM; Labalette-Bart, M; Potier, L; Roussel, R; Steg, PG; Zeller, M, 2016) |
| "Metformin has been associated with improved colorectal cancer survival, but investigations are limited by small numbers of patients and confounding by diabetic severity." | 7.83 | Metformin, Diabetes, and Survival among U.S. Veterans with Colorectal Cancer. ( Cossor, FI; Kelley, MJ; Martell, RE; Paulus, JK; Williams, CD, 2016) |
| "The purpose of the present study was to determine the potential relationships of glycemic control and use of metformin with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer characteristics." | 7.83 | Impact of Glycemic Control and Metformin Use on the Recurrence and Progression of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. ( Ahn, JH; Hwang, EC; Jung, SI; Kim, SW; Kwon, DD; Yim, SU, 2016) |
| "This study aimed to investigate the effect of metformin on survival of people with type 2 diabetes and pleural mesothelioma." | 7.83 | Metformin and survival of people with type 2 diabetes and pleural mesothelioma: A population-based retrospective cohort study. ( Brewster, DH; Damhuis, RA; Walker, J; Wild, SH; Wu, H, 2016) |
| "The principal objective of this study was to retrospectively review a series of cases of lactic acidosis (LA) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and examine the relationship with the use of metformin." | 7.83 | Lactic acidosis and the relationship with metformin usage: Case reports. ( Castelino, RL; Huang, W; Peterson, GM, 2016) |
| "This study aimed to investigate the role of MTP on lipid metabolism disorders in insulin-resistant rats and the potential mechanism through which metformin can improve lipid metabolism disorders." | 7.83 | Metformin improves lipid metabolism disorders through reducing the expression of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein in OLETF rats. ( Guo, X; Liu, J; Liu, L; Wang, N; Wu, Y; Zhang, J, 2016) |
| "In patients with metabolic syndrome who are in the highest-risk quartile for progression to diabetes (predicted mean 3-year risk, 60%), metformin, 850 mg twice daily, reduces the absolute risk by about 20% over a 3-year period." | 7.83 | Clinical Inquiry: Which patients with metabolic syndrome benefit from metformin? ( Chi, J; Kelsberg, G; Safranek, S; Stover, L, 2016) |
| "Lactic acidosis is the most severe adverse effect associated with metformin therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 7.83 | [Lactic acidosis due to metformin accumulation complicating acute gastroenteritis]. ( DŽupová, O; Kulichová, J, 2016) |
| "Our findings suggest that the loss-of-function variant OCT2-T201M (rs145450955) contribute to changes in insulin resistance and beta cell activity in patients with T2D treated with metformin." | 7.81 | The variant organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2)-T201M contribute to changes in insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin. ( Alizadeh, A; Bahar, A; Hashemi-Soteh, MB; Kashi, Z; Mahrooz, A; Masoumi, P, 2015) |
| "The March 2012 regulatory action issued by the Japanese government signalled the rare but serious complication of lactic acidosis that can occur during metformin treatment, especially with the high dose formulation, h-metformin, and in those above 75 years old." | 7.81 | Impact of Japanese regulatory action on metformin-associated lactic acidosis in type II diabetes patients. ( Hanatani, T; Sai, K; Saito, Y; Segawa, K; Tohkin, M, 2015) |
| "Metformin-induced lactic acidosis is a rare but severe disease for the individual patients." | 7.81 | [Metformin-induced lactic acidosis : Severe symptoms with difficult diagnostics]. ( Brenner, T; Decker, SO; Hofer, S; Siegler, BH; Ulrich, A; Wortmann, M, 2015) |
| "To examine, in an animal study, whether EA combined with metformin (EA-metformin) results in a better glucose-lowering effect and greater insulin sensitivity than metformin alone in steroid-induced insulin-resistant rats." | 7.81 | Electroacupuncture plus metformin lowers glucose levels and facilitates insulin sensitivity by activating MAPK in steroid-induced insulin-resistant rats. ( Chang, SL; Lee, YC; Liao, HY; Lin, JG; Sun, MF, 2015) |
| "Our data suggest that pre-existing non-symptomatic gastritis was associated with metformin-related gastrointestinal side effects." | 7.81 | Asymptomatic chronic gastritis decreases metformin tolerance in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Huang, Y; Sun, J; Tan, W; Tao, X; Wang, H; Wang, X, 2015) |
| "Vascular calcification (VC) is inhibited by the glycoprotein osteoprotegerin (OPG)." | 7.81 | The effects of insulin and liraglutide on osteoprotegerin and vascular calcification in vitro and in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Agha, A; Ashley, DT; Cummins, PM; Davenport, C; Forde, H; Mahmood, WA; McAdam, B; McDermott, J; McGrath, F; Smith, D; Sreenan, S; Thompson, CJ, 2015) |
| "Previous studies have shown that metformin or statins may decrease hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in diabetic patients." | 7.81 | Combination Therapy of Metformin and Statin May Decrease Hepatocellular Carcinoma Among Diabetic Patients in Asia. ( Chen, HH; Kao, CH; Lin, MC; Muo, CH; Sung, FC; Yeh, SY, 2015) |
| "We conducted a population-based case-control study to assess the myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke risks associated with sulphonylureas and insulin when used in combination with metformin." | 7.81 | Case-control study of second-line therapies for type 2 diabetes in combination with metformin and the comparative risks of myocardial infarction and stroke. ( Dublin, S; Flory, JH; Floyd, JS; Heckbert, SR; Psaty, BM; Sitlani, CM; Smith, NL; Wiggins, KL, 2015) |
| "The aim of this study was to look at the influence of metformin intake and duration, on urinary bladder cancer (UBC) risk, with sulfonylurea (SU) only users as control using a new user design (inception cohort)." | 7.81 | Influence of metformin intake on the risk of bladder cancer in type 2 diabetes patients. ( Buntinx, F; De Bruin, ML; De Vries, F; Driessen, JH; Goossens, ME; Zeegers, MP, 2015) |
| "Existing literature suggests that metformin, the most commonly used biguanide, may lower colorectal cancer risk." | 7.81 | Metformin use and risk of colorectal adenoma after polypectomy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Corley, DA; Doubeni, CA; Jensen, CD; Marks, AR; Pietrofesa, RA; Zebrowski, A, 2015) |
| "To investigate the potential genetic effect on metformin efficacy in overweight or obese Chinese Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients." | 7.81 | IL-1B rs1143623 and EEF1A1P11-RPL7P9 rs10783050 polymorphisms affect the glucose-lowing efficacy of metformin in Chinese overweight or obese Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. ( Gong, WJ; Han, XY; Ji, LN; Li, X; Lin, X; Liu, RR; Liu, ZQ; Tang, Q; Xiao, D; Xu, XJ; Yin, JY; Zhang, SM; Zhang, W; Zheng, Y; Zhou, HH, 2015) |
| "The aim of this retrospective observational study was to evaluate whether adding liraglutide to lifestyle changes, metformin (Met) and testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), by means of improving weight and glycaemic control, could boost erectile function in type 2 diabetic obese men with overt hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction (ED) in a 'real-life setting'." | 7.81 | Adding liraglutide to lifestyle changes, metformin and testosterone therapy boosts erectile function in diabetic obese men with overt hypogonadism. ( Carbone, MD; De Pergola, G; Giagulli, VA; Guastamacchia, E; Licchelli, B; Ramunni, MI; Sabbà, C; Triggiani, V, 2015) |
| "No statistically significant association of cardioprotection was found between metformin and myocardial infarct size in patients with diabetes and acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction." | 7.81 | Metformin and Myocardial Injury in Patients With Diabetes and ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis. ( Akerman, M; Basnet, S; Kozikowski, A; Lesser, M; Makaryus, AN; Pekmezaris, R; Wolf-Klein, G; Zeltser, R, 2015) |
| "To explore the effects of metformin on left ventricular remodeling in patients with primary hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to investigate the effects of hypertension duration and duration of drug administration on metformin's cardiac action." | 7.81 | [Effect of metformin on ventricular remodeling in patients with primary hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus]. ( Feng, X; Gao, W; Li, Z; Wu, Y; Zhang, Y; Zhao, W, 2015) |
| "To evaluate the frequency with which hypothyroidism is associated with Type 2 diabetes, to examine gender and ethnic group differences, and to assess the possible impact of metformin therapy." | 7.80 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism: the possible influence of metformin therapy. ( Distiller, LA; Joffe, BI; Polakow, ES, 2014) |
| "We identified 196 incident bladder cancers in the metformin cohort and 66 cancers in the SU cohort." | 7.80 | Incidence of bladder cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin or sulfonylureas. ( Finkelman, BS; Haas, NB; Haynes, K; Keefe, SM; Lewis, JD; Mamtani, R; Pfanzelter, N; Vaughn, DJ; Wang, X, 2014) |
| "Whether metformin therapy affects bladder cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has not been extensively investigated." | 7.80 | Metformin may reduce bladder cancer risk in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Tseng, CH, 2014) |
| "Whether metformin therapy affects breast cancer risk in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has not been investigated." | 7.80 | Metformin may reduce breast cancer risk in Taiwanese women with type 2 diabetes. ( Tseng, CH, 2014) |
| "The objective of this study was to determine whether treatment with metformin in patients with renal impairment is associated with a higher risk of lactic acidosis or elevated lactate concentrations compared with users of a noninsulin antidiabetic drug (NIAD) who had never used metformin." | 7.80 | Risk of lactic acidosis or elevated lactate concentrations in metformin users with renal impairment: a population-based cohort study. ( De Smet, PA; de Vries, F; Derijks, HJ; Egberts, A; Eppenga, WL; Geerts, AF; Lalmohamed, A; Wensing, M, 2014) |
| "Two patients with type 2 DM developed acute kidney injury and lactic acidosis following colonoscopy despite withholding metformin." | 7.80 | Acute renal failure and metformin-associated lactic acidosis following colonoscopy. ( Connor, SJ; Depczynski, B; Hall, BM; Hussain, MI, 2014) |
| "To determine whether the use of metformin in type 2 diabetic patients with various kidney functions is associated with an increased risk of lactic acidosis (LA)." | 7.80 | Incidence of lactic acidosis in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without renal impairment treated with metformin: a retrospective cohort study. ( Corvino, FA; Gottwald-Hostalek, U; Guedes, S; Richy, FF; Sabidó-Espin, M, 2014) |
| "Metformin-associated lactic acidosis is a diagnosis by exclusion; however, a high degree of clinical suspicion supplemented by prompt multisystem organ support can significantly influence the outcome in critically ill patients." | 7.80 | Metformin-associated lactic acidosis presenting as an ischemic gut in a patient who then survived a cardiac arrest: a case report. ( Ncomanzi, D; Sicat, RM; Sundararajan, K, 2014) |
| "Recent studies have suggested that metformin may inhibit endothelialization following limus-eluting stent (LES) placement and may increase the risk of stent thrombosis." | 7.80 | Stent thrombosis is not increased following percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus taking metformin. ( Chen, F; Lipinski, MJ; Pendyala, LK; Torguson, R; Waksman, R, 2014) |
| "Observational data suggest that metformin use decreases breast cancer (BC) incidence in women with diabetes; the impact of metformin on BC outcomes in this population is less clear." | 7.80 | The effect of metformin on breast cancer outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Eaton, A; King, TA; Oppong, BA; Oskar, S; Patil, S; Pharmer, LA; Stempel, M, 2014) |
| "There is controversy surrounding the risk of metformin and the development of lactic acidosis." | 7.80 | Pharmacist review prevents evolving metformin-associated lactic acidosis. ( Kyle, G; Naunton, M; Naunton-Boom, K; Owoka, F, 2014) |
| "Despite the limitations of this observational study, diabetes patients with MS who were treated with metformin plus DPP-4 inhibitors had better compliance, greater metabolic control, and lower rates of hypoglycemia, causing lower costs for the Spanish national health system than patients receiving metformin plus other antidiabetes drugs." | 7.80 | Healthcare costs of the combination of metformin/dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors compared with metformin/other oral antidiabetes agents in patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. ( Navarro-Artieda, R; Sicras-Mainar, A, 2014) |
| "In vitro and animal studies indicate that metformin prevents colorectal cancer (CRC)." | 7.80 | Long-term use of metformin and colorectal cancer risk in type II diabetics: a population-based case-control study. ( Cardel, M; Hallas, J; Jensen, SM; Jørgensen, TL; Pottegård, A, 2014) |
| "to explore the possibility of metformin protective effect on frailty syndrome." | 7.80 | Relationship between metformin and frailty syndrome in elderly people with type 2 diabetes. ( Dewiasty, E; Purnamasari, D; Setiati, S; Sumantri, S, 2014) |
| "To assess whether metformin, which has a chemopreventive effect in chronic liver disease, has any chemotherapeutic effect in hepatocellular carcinoma." | 7.80 | Metformin does not improve survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. ( Bhat, M; Chaiteerakij, R; Giama, NH; Gores, GJ; Harmsen, WS; Roberts, LR; Schleck, CD; Therneau, TM; Yang, JD, 2014) |
| "Lactic acidosis is a well-known complication of the anti-hyperglycemic biguanide agent metformin, especially in peculiar but not rare clinical conditions." | 7.80 | Metformin-associated lactic acidosis and temporary ileostomy: a case report. ( Margiani, C; Mura, P; Restivo, A; Saba, M; Scintu, F; Zorcolo, L, 2014) |
| "Recent population studies provide clues that the use of metformin may be associated with reduced incidence and improved prognosis of breast cancer." | 7.80 | Metformin and survival in diabetic patients with breast cancer. ( El-Benhawy, SA; El-Sheredy, HG, 2014) |
| "Experimental studies have suggested that metformin may decrease the incidence of colorectal cancer in patients with type II diabetes." | 7.79 | The use of metformin and colorectal cancer incidence in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. ( Azoulay, L; Pollak, MN; Smiechowski, B; Suissa, S; Yin, H, 2013) |
| "To examine the safety and potential benefits of metformin in diabetic patients with cardiovascular (CV) disease and heart failure (HF)." | 7.79 | Evaluating the potential benefits of metformin in patients with cardiovascular disease and heart failure. ( Amin, SM; Chilipko, AA; Macharia, D; Norwood, DK; Still, KL, 2013) |
| "Aim of the study was to clarify the relationship between metformin-induced vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia and vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes." | 7.79 | Relationship between metformin use, vitamin B12 deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia and vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Aizawa, T; Funase, Y; Ouchi, K; Sato, Y; Yamauchi, K, 2013) |
| "In diabetic patients complicated with colorectal cancer (CRC), metformin treatment was reported to have diverse correlation with CRC-specific mortality." | 7.79 | Effects of metformin on CD133+ colorectal cancer cells in diabetic patients. ( Gao, F; Guan, M; Xue, Y; Zhang, Q; Zhang, Y; Zheng, Z, 2013) |
| "Lactic acidosis is a rare but severe complication in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin." | 7.79 | Metformin-induced lactic acidosis associated with multiorganic failure. ( Bajrami, V; Barbullushi, M; Bolleku, E; Idrizi, A; Likaj, E; Nunci, L; Ohri, I; Thereska, N, 2013) |
| "These results suggested that chronic pretreatment with metformin may be associated with the reduction of the no-reflow phenomenon in patients with diabetes mellitus after primary angioplasty for AMI." | 7.79 | Chronic pretreatment of metformin is associated with the reduction of the no-reflow phenomenon in patients with diabetes mellitus after primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. ( Fan, CM; Gao, X; Pei, WD; Yang, YJ; You, SJ; Zhao, JL; Zhou, Q, 2013) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with a higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is attenuated by the use of metformin." | 7.79 | Metformin decreases hepatocellular carcinoma risk in a dose-dependent manner: population-based and in vitro studies. ( Chang, CC; Chen, HP; Chen, TT; Lin, JH; Lin, JT; Shieh, JJ; Wu, CY; Wu, MS, 2013) |
| "Metformin associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a serious complication occurring especially in elderly patients given high doses of the drug." | 7.79 | Monitoring of metformin-induced lactic acidosis in a diabetic patient with acute kidney failure and effect of hemodialysis. ( Amiel, JB; Laforest, C; Merle, L; Pichon, N; Saint-Marcoux, F, 2013) |
| "Thiazolidinediones and metformin users are associated with better clinical outcomes than nonusers in diabetics with stage≥2 HER2+ breast cancer." | 7.78 | Metformin and thiazolidinediones are associated with improved breast cancer-specific survival of diabetic women with HER2+ breast cancer. ( Ensor, J; Esteva, FJ; He, X; Hortobagyi, GN; Lee, MH; Yeung, SC, 2012) |
| "To explore the association between use of metformin or other antidiabetic drugs and the risk of colorectal cancer." | 7.78 | Use of metformin is not associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer: a case-control analysis. ( Becker, C; Bodmer, M; Jick, SS; Meier, C; Meier, CR, 2012) |
| "Colorectal cancer patients with DM treated with metformin as part of their diabetic therapy appear to have a superior OS." | 7.78 | Survival advantage observed with the use of metformin in patients with type II diabetes and colorectal cancer. ( Baladandayuthapani, V; Bhadkamkar, NA; Eng, C; Garrett, CR; Hassabo, HM; Hassan, MM; Kee, BK; Wen, S, 2012) |
| "In pre-specified analyses adjusting for the most recently measured HbA(1c) value, there was a substantial reduction in risk for confirmed hypoglycemia with sitagliptin compared to glipizide when added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with T2DM." | 7.78 | Lower risk of hypoglycemia with sitagliptin compared to glipizide when either is added to metformin therapy: a pre-specified analysis adjusting for the most recently measured HbA(1c) value. ( Davies, MJ; Ferrante, SA; Goldstein, BJ; Kaufman, KD; Krobot, KJ; Meininger, GE; Seck, T; Williams-Herman, D, 2012) |
| "Although there is data suggesting the in vitro inhibition of aromatase in cell lines by antidiabetic biguanide metformin (MF), there is no data on the intratumoral breast cancer (BC) aromatase expression in patients already receiving therapy for type II diabetes." | 7.78 | [Metformin does not suppress the aromatase expression in breast cancer tissue of patients with concurrent type 2 diabetes]. ( Bershteĭn, LM; Boiarkina, MP; Turkevich, EA, 2012) |
| "This study aimed to evaluate the potential effect of metformin on the incidence of colorectal adenomas in diabetic patients with previous colorectal cancer." | 7.78 | Metformin use is associated with a decreased incidence of colorectal adenomas in diabetic patients with previous colorectal cancer. ( Cheon, JH; Hong, SP; Jeon, SM; Kim, TI; Kim, WH; Lee, JH, 2012) |
| "To define the pharmacogenetic features of the effect of metformin in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), by taking into consideration PPAR-gamma2 Pro1 2Ala polymorphism." | 7.78 | [Pharmacogenetic features of the effect of metformin in patients with coronary heart disease in the presence of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus in terms of PPAR-gamma2 gene polymorphism]. ( Kaĭdashev, IP; Kutsenko, LA; Lavrenko, AV; Mamontova, TV; Shlykova, OA, 2012) |
| "To evaluate the significance of diabetes mellitus and metformin in patients admitted to medical ICU with lactic acidosis." | 7.78 | Lactic acidosis in medical ICU - the role of diabetes mellitus and metformin. ( Charvat, J; Havlin, J; Hloch, O; Masopust, J, 2012) |
| "We describe two cases of severe metformin-related lactic acidosis with underlying acute kidney injury, which were treated with dialysis." | 7.77 | Metformin-related lactic acidosis in patients with acute kidney injury. ( Devetzis, V; Georgoulidou, A; Panagoutsos, S; Passadakis, P; Theodoridis, M; Thodis, E; Vargemezis, V, 2011) |
| "We present an uncommon case of lactic acidosis after concomitant administration of Metformin and Tenofovir." | 7.77 | Lactic acidosis after concomitant treatment with metformin and tenofovir in a patient with HIV infection. ( Alivanis, P; Aperis, G; Arvanitis, A; Paliouras, C; Zervos, A, 2011) |
| " Two cases of lactic acidosis due to ingestion of high dose metformin for suicidal purposes have been presented here; in both cases, clinical improvement was seen with bicarbonate hemodialysis." | 7.77 | Dialysis therapy for lactic acidosis caused by metformin intoxication: presentation of two cases. ( Aytemiz, E; Begenik, H; Emre, H; Erkoc, R; Ozturk, M; Soyoral, YU, 2011) |
| "The reported incidence of metformin associated lactic acidosis (MALA) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is 3-9 cases per 100,000 patient-years." | 7.77 | Metformin associated lactic acidosis: incidence and clinical correlation with metformin serum concentration measurements. ( Doorenbos, CJ; van Berlo-van de Laar, IR; Vermeij, CG, 2011) |
| " During the first year of treatment, exenatide, in combination with metformin and repaglinide, led to a weight loss of 14 kg and fat mass and waist circumference were respectively reduced from 31 to 25." | 7.77 | Exenatide improves weight loss insulin sensitivity and β-cell function following administration to a type 2 diabetic HIV patient on antiretroviral therapy. ( Buysschaert, M; de la Tribonnière, X; Hermans, MP; Oriot, P; Selvais, P, 2011) |
| "In the Canadian Normoglycemia Outcome Evaluation (CANOE) trial, low-dose rosiglitazone/metformin reduced the risk of diabetes in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance by 66% over a median of 3." | 7.77 | Changes over time in glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and beta-cell function in response to low-dose metformin and thiazolidinedione combination therapy in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. ( Hanley, AJ; Harris, SB; Qi, Y; Retnakaran, R; Zinman, B, 2011) |
| "To evaluate serum visfatin levels and to determine the effects of metformin treatment on visfatin levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)." | 7.76 | Effect of metformin on serum visfatin levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. ( Cakal, E; Engin-Ustun, Y; Ozkaya, M; Ustun, Y, 2010) |
| "A decreased risk of breast cancer was observed in female patients with type 2 diabetes using metformin on a long-term basis." | 7.76 | Long-term metformin use is associated with decreased risk of breast cancer. ( Bodmer, M; Jick, SS; Krähenbühl, S; Meier, C; Meier, CR, 2010) |
| "To report a case of idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity associated with metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)." | 7.76 | Hepatotoxicity associated with metformin therapy in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. ( Bachyrycz, AM; Cone, CJ; Murata, GH, 2010) |
| "A whole new area of investigation has emerged recently with regards to the anti-diabetic drug metformin and breast cancer." | 7.76 | Metformin and energy metabolism in breast cancer: from insulin physiology to tumour-initiating stem cells. ( Cufí, S; Martin-Castillo, B; Menendez, JA; Oliveras-Ferraros, C; Vazquez-Martin, A, 2010) |
| "The safety of metformin in heart failure has been questioned because of a perceived risk of life-threatening lactic acidosis, though recent studies have not supported this concern." | 7.76 | Metformin treatment is associated with a low risk of mortality in diabetic patients with heart failure: a retrospective nationwide cohort study. ( Abildstrøm, SZ; Andersson, C; Gislason, GH; Hansen, PR; Jørgensen, CH; Køber, L; Lange, T; Norgaard, ML; Olesen, JB; Schramm, TK; Torp-Pedersen, C; Vaag, A; Weeke, P, 2010) |
| "Metformin associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a rare condition with a prevalence of 3 per 100,000 patient-years." | 7.76 | [Metformin treatment causes persisting lactic acidosis after cardiac arrest]. ( Gamst, J; Hansen, LK; Rasmussen, BS, 2010) |
| "Metformin, a widely used hypoglycaemic agent in type 2 diabetes mellitus, is uncommonly associated with lactic acidosis, a serious condition with high mortality." | 7.76 | Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA): clinical profile and outcomes in patients admitted to the intensive care unit. ( Biradar, V; Moran, JL; Peake, SL; Peter, JV, 2010) |
| "We investigated whether the addition of metformin to the treatment of overweight and obese individuals further reduces the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T (2)DM), prediabetes and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and improves cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (RFs)." | 7.75 | The effect of metformin on the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease risk factors in overweight and obese subjects--the Carmos study. ( Andreadis, EA; Diamantopoulos, EJ; Georgiopoulos, DX; Gouveri, ET; Katsanou, PM; Tsourous, GI; Yfanti, GK, 2009) |
| "Metformin-associated lactic acidosis is a very rare but critical condition." | 7.75 | Successful treatment of severe lactic acidosis caused by a suicide attempt with a metformin overdose. ( Lin, HD; Lin, KH; Lo, SH; Wang, LM; Yang, PW, 2009) |
| "Rosiglitazone was found associated with approximately a 43% increase in risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a two meta-analyses of clinical trials." | 7.75 | Rosiglitazone and myocardial infarction in patients previously prescribed metformin. ( Bassett, K; Carney, G; Dormuth, CR; Maclure, M; Schneeweiss, S; Wright, JM, 2009) |
| "To study insulin sensitivity, as well as the effects of estrogen, metformin and GnRHa treatment on glucose homeostasis, in an aromatase-deficient girl." | 7.75 | Metformin, estrogen replacement therapy and gonadotropin inhibition fail to improve insulin sensitivity in a girl with aromatase deficiency. ( Belgorosky, A; Di Palma, MI; Guercio, G; Mazza, C; Pepe, C; Prieto, M; Rivarola, MA; Saraco, NI; Saure, C, 2009) |
| "05) were higher on the IL/H study day than on the glycerol study day, indicating persistence of NEFA-induced insulin resistance." | 7.74 | Effects of pioglitazone and metformin on NEFA-induced insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. ( Basu, A; Basu, R; Chandramouli, V; Cohen, O; Dicke, B; Landau, BR; Norby, B; Rizza, RA; Shah, P, 2008) |
| "Lactic acidosis has been associated with use of metformin." | 7.74 | Metformin, sulfonylureas, or other antidiabetes drugs and the risk of lactic acidosis or hypoglycemia: a nested case-control analysis. ( Bodmer, M; Jick, SS; Krähenbühl, S; Meier, C; Meier, CR, 2008) |
| "To evaluate whether the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) differs among adult diabetic patients treated with thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and similar patients treated with combined oral metformin and sulfonylurea (M + S) therapy." | 7.74 | The risk of coronary heart disease in type 2 diabetic patients exposed to thiazolidinediones compared to metformin and sulfonylurea therapy. ( Cutone, JA; Johannes, CB; Koro, CE; Quinn, SG; Seeger, JD, 2007) |
| "A French analysis of reports of adverse effects shows that lactic acidosis due to metformin is preventable." | 7.74 | Metformin: preventable lactic acidosis. ( , 2007) |
| "Vitamin B12 deficiency may be induced by long-term use of metformin, which may in turn lead to hyperhomocysteinemia." | 7.74 | Hyperhomocysteinemia, deep vein thrombosis and vitamin B12 deficiency in a metformin-treated diabetic patient. ( Chang, CS; Chung, CY; Lin, HY; Lin, JS; Shen, MC; Wang, ML, 2007) |
| "A 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and a rapid intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) were performed before treatment was initiated, after treatment with metformin and at the end of 1 year of combination therapy with metformin and rosiglitazone to calculate quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and acute insulin response (AIR)." | 7.74 | Effect of metformin and rosiglitazone in a prepubertal boy with Alström syndrome. ( Anhalt, H; Bhangoo, A; Collin, GB; Maclaren, N; Marshall, JD; Naggert, JK; Sinha, SK; Ten, S, 2007) |
| "Risk determinants for the life threatening complication of metformin-associated lactic acidosis are frequently disregarded." | 7.74 | Prevalence of risk determinants for metformin-associated lactic acidosis and metformin utilization in the study of health in pomerania. ( Alte, D; Baumeister, SE; Runge, S; Völzke, H, 2008) |
| "To determine the incidence of lactic acidosis in community-based patients with type 2 diabetes, with special reference to metformin therapy." | 7.74 | Metformin and lactic acidosis in an Australian community setting: the Fremantle Diabetes Study. ( Bruce, DG; Davis, TM; Davis, WA; Kamber, N, 2008) |
| "Lactic acidosis is a known adverse risk of metformin treatment." | 7.73 | Fulminant lactic acidosis in two patients with Type 2 diabetes treated with metformin. ( Brassøe, R; Elkmann, T; Gravholt, CH; Hempel, M, 2005) |
| "Metformin is considered contraindicated in patients with heart failure because of concerns over lactic acidosis, despite increasing evidence of potential benefit." | 7.73 | Improved clinical outcomes associated with metformin in patients with diabetes and heart failure. ( Eurich, DT; Johnson, JA; Majumdar, SR; McAlister, FA; Tsuyuki, RT, 2005) |
| "Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a rare but serious clinical entity." | 7.73 | Metformin-associated lactic acidosis precipitated by acute renal failure. ( Shenoy, C, 2006) |
| "The pharmacokinetic disposition of metformin in late pregnancy was studied together with the level of fetal exposure at birth." | 7.73 | Population pharmacokinetics of metformin in late pregnancy. ( Charles, B; Hague, W; Norris, R; Xiao, X, 2006) |
| " Obesity is the most important risk factor to develop this disease and metformin is considered as a first line drug in overweighted diabetic patients." | 7.73 | [Metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes in overweighted or obese patients]. ( Costa Zamora, P; Díaz, JM; González Alvaro, A; Martín Muñoz, MC; Muros Bayo, JM, 2005) |
| "To review pregnancy outcomes in women with Type 2 diabetes (Type 2 DM), comparing women treated with those not treated with metformin." | 7.73 | Pregnancy in women with Type 2 diabetes: who takes metformin and what is the outcome? ( Hughes, RC; Rowan, JA, 2006) |
| "To determine the effects of pregnancy on metformin pharmacokinetics." | 7.73 | Effect of pregnancy on the pharmacokinetics of metformin. ( Begg, EJ; Gardiner, SJ; Hughes, RC; Zhang, M, 2006) |
| "Fifty-seven type 2 diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome and on insulin were assessed by a paired analysis before and 6 months after addition of metformin as combination therapy to evaluate the impact of the association on glycemic control, blood pressure, and lipid profile." | 7.73 | Effects of metformin on the glycemic control, lipid profile, and arterial blood pressure of type 2 diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome already on insulin. ( Dib, SA; Guedes, OM; Mourão-Júnior, CA; Sá, JR, 2006) |
| "In type II diabetes treated with metformin, lactic acidosis is a rare but severe complication." | 7.72 | [Metformin-associated lactic acidosis precipitated by acute renal failure]. ( Azoulay, E; Galy-Floc'h, M; Mariot, J; Pertek, JP; Vidal, S, 2003) |
| "We report 4 cases of lactic acidosis in diabetic patients usually treated with metformin." | 7.72 | [Metformin-associated lactic acidosis remains a serious complication of metformin therapy]. ( Giunti, C; Grimaud, D; Ichai, C; Levraut, J; Orban, JC, 2003) |
| "Metformin is widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, though it is recognized to be associated with the risk of lactic acidosis." | 7.72 | Experiences of a poison center with metformin-associated lactic acidosis. ( Sacha Weilemann, L; Sauer, O; von Mach, MA, 2004) |
| "Metformin is commonly prescribed to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus, however it is associated with the potentially lethal condition of lactic acidosis." | 7.72 | Do risk factors for lactic acidosis influence dosing of metformin? ( Cottrell, N; Green, B; Millican, S, 2004) |
| "Metformin Associated Lactic Acidosis (MALA) is a rare, but serious complications of Type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment with a mortality rate of around 50%." | 7.71 | An unusual case of metformin associated lactic acidosis. ( Poulose, V, 2002) |
| " Metformin, an oral hypoglycaemic agent that increases insulin sensitivity, has been shown to reduce serum concentrations of insulin and androgens, to reduce hirsutism, and to improve ovulation rates." | 7.71 | Metformin and intervention in polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocrine Society of Australia, the Australian Diabetes Society and the Australian Paediatric Endocrine Group. ( Cuneo, RC; Kidson, WJ; Norman, RJ; Zacharin, MR, 2001) |
| " In the "Diabetes Prevention Program", metformin (2 x 850 mg/day), a biguanide compound, reduces the progression from impaired glucose tolerance towards type 2 diabetes by 31% (p < 0." | 7.71 | [Info-Meeting. Pharmacologic prevention of the progression from impaired glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes: favorable effects of metformin and acarbose]. ( Scheen, AJ, 2001) |
| "The risk of lactic acidosis during metformin therapy is linked to specific and well-documented conditions that constitute contraindications or precautions to use of the agent." | 7.71 | Evaluation of prescribing practices: risk of lactic acidosis with metformin therapy. ( Calabrese, AT; Coley, KC; DaPos, SV; Rao, RH; Swanson, D, 2002) |
| "Metformin-induced lactic acidosis is a common side effect in patients with renal insufficiency." | 7.71 | [Metformin-associated lactic acidosis with acute renal failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus]. ( Berner, B; Hagenlocher, S; Hummel, KM; Kleine, P; Müller, GA; Ramadori, G; Ritzel, U; Strutz, F, 2002) |
| "The purpose of this study was to establish guidelines on how to avoid metformin-induced lactic acidosis following intravascular use of contrast media." | 7.70 | Contrast media and metformin: guidelines to diminish the risk of lactic acidosis in non-insulin-dependent diabetics after administration of contrast media. ESUR Contrast Media Safety Committee. ( Morcos, SK; Thomsen, HS, 1999) |
| "The biguanide drugs metformin and phenformin have been linked in the past to lactic acidosis, a metabolic condition associated with high rates of mortality." | 7.70 | Lactic acidosis in metformin therapy. ( Lalau, JD; Race, JM, 1999) |
| " This was due to a severe lactic acidosis caused by acute alcohol intoxication and the use of metformin." | 7.70 | [Severe lactic acidosis due to metformin therapy in a patient with contra-indications for metformin]. ( Holman, ND; Houwerzijl, EJ; Snoek, WJ; van Haastert, M, 2000) |
| "The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations in type 2 diabetic patients and to assess whether high tHcy values were related to chronic complications (particularly macroangiopathy and nephropathy) and/or the degree of insulin resistance." | 7.70 | Hyperhomocysteinemia in type 2 diabetes: relationship to macroangiopathy, nephropathy, and insulin resistance. ( Buysschaert, M; Dramais, AS; Hermans, MP; Wallemacq, PE, 2000) |
| "To investigate the role of metformin accumulation in the pathophysiology of metformin-associated lactic acidosis." | 7.69 | Role of metformin accumulation in metformin-associated lactic acidosis. ( Bleichner, G; Chauveau, P; Compagnon, P; de Cagny, B; Dulbecco, P; Guérin, C; Haegy, JM; Lacroix, C; Lalau, JD; Rigaud, JP, 1995) |
| "The metabolic effects and mechanism of action of metformin are still poorly understood, despite the fact that it has been used to treat patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) for more than 30 years." | 7.69 | Metabolic effects of metformin in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. ( Dailey, G; Gerich, JE; Nurjhan, N; Perriello, G; Stumvoll, M, 1995) |
| "To determine the respective role of metformin accumulation and tissue hypoxia in triggering metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA), we measured plasma (PM) and red blood cell (RM) metformin concentrations in 14 patients with MALA and in 58 diabetic patients on well-tolerated chronic metformin treatment." | 7.69 | Metformin-associated lactic acidosis in diabetic patients with acute renal failure. A critical analysis of its pathogenesis and prognosis. ( De Cagny, B; Fournier, A; Lacroix, C; Lalau, JD, 1994) |
| "To determine whether improvement of insulin resistance decreases blood pressure as well as obesity, metformin (100 mg/kg/d) or vehicle was administered for 20 weeks to 12-week-old male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats (n = 10 each), a newly developed animal model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) with mild obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and hypertriglyceridemia." | 7.69 | Metformin decreases blood pressure and obesity in OLETF rats via improvement of insulin resistance. ( Inukai, K; Ishii, J; Kashiwabara, H; Katayama, S; Kikuchi, C; Kosegawa, I; Negishi, K; Oka, Y, 1996) |
| "A 69-year-old diabetic woman with diffuse atherosclerosis presented with acute renal failure due to contrast nephropathy and severe metformin-induced lactic acidosis." | 7.69 | Metformin-induced lactic acidosis associated with acute renal failure. ( Ben-Yehuda, A; Dranitzki-Elhalel, M; Popovtzer, M; Safadi, R, 1996) |
| "A 71 year old hypertensive, non insulin-dependent diabetic patient with moderate renal insufficiency taking 500 mg/d of metformin and 5 mg/d of enalapril, developed metabolic acidosis characterized by fairly elevated anion gap, hyperchloremia, severe hyperkaliemia, normal plasma level of 3-hydroxybutyric acid, absence of ketonuria and high plasma level of lactic acid." | 7.69 | Possible synergistic effect of metformin and enalapril on the development of hyperkaliemic lactic acidosis. ( Elisabetta, Z; Emanuela, M; Franzetti, I; Marco, G; Paolo, D; Renato, U, 1997) |
| "Lactic acidosis is an extremely rare but serious complication of treatment with metformin." | 7.68 | [Lactic acidosis associated with metformin]. ( Lebech, M; Olesen, LL, 1990) |
| "A 55 year old diabetic women treated with chlorpropamide and metformin for three years presented with acute oliguric renal failure and lactic acidosis from which she died." | 7.67 | Lactic acidosis due to metformin therapy in a low risk patient. ( Leatherdale, BA; Tymms, DJ, 1988) |
| "Combined treatment with pioglitazone-metformin can effectively reduce liver fat content and gamma-GT level in newly diagnosed diabetic patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and adverse events do not increase compared with the control group, showing good safety and tolerance." | 7.30 | Effect and Safety of Pioglitazone-Metformin Tablets in the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Shaanxi Province: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Double-Simulated Multicenter Study. ( Jianfang, F; Jianrong, L; Jie, M; Jing, X; Jingxuan, L; Kaiyan, M; Mengying, L; Qian, X; Qingzhen, H; Qiuhe, J; Taixiong, C; Wanxia, X; Wenjuan, Y; Xiling, G, 2023) |
| "Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic drug, the first option used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus due to its high efficacy and low cost." | 7.01 | Recent Insights of Metformin on Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). ( Chen, D; Jiang, S; Wang, K; Zhang, K; Zhang, X, 2023) |
| "Metformin is a biguanide antihyperglycemic agent used as a first-line drug for type II diabetes mellitus." | 7.01 | Metformin and HER2-positive breast cancer: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. ( Bashraheel, SS; Khalaf, S; Kheraldine, H; Moustafa, AA, 2023) |
| "Metformin is a safe and effective medication for Type 2 diabetes (T2D) that has been proposed to decrease the risk of aging related disorders including Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and AD related disorders (ADRD)." | 7.01 | Metformin in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias. ( Luchsinger, JA; Tahmi, M, 2023) |
| "Metformin was found to reduce elevated, but not normal, thyrotropin and prolactin levels." | 7.01 | Plasma gonadotropin levels in metformin-treated men with prediabetes: a non-randomized, uncontrolled pilot study. ( Bednarska-Czerwińska, A; Krysiak, R; Okopień, B; Szkróbka, W, 2021) |
| "A total of 50 patients with NAFLD and T2DM treated with metformin were randomized (1:1) to metformin plus add-on linagliptin (linagliptin group) or to an increased dose of metformin (metformin group) for 52 weeks." | 7.01 | Metformin dose increase versus added linagliptin in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes: An analysis of the J-LINK study. ( Hashiguchi, Y; Hosoyamada, K; Imamura, N; Kajiya, S; Kamada, T; Komorizono, Y; Koriyama, N; Shinmaki, H; Tsukasa, M; Ueyama, N, 2021) |
| "Metformin treatment had a small but positive effect on bone quality in the peripheral skeleton, reduced weight gain, and resulted in a more beneficial body composition compared with placebo in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes." | 7.01 | Effect of metformin and insulin vs. placebo and insulin on whole body composition in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. ( Almdal, TP; Boesgaard, TW; Breum, L; Eiken, P; Gade-Rasmussen, B; Gluud, C; Hemmingsen, B; Lund, SS; Lundby-Christensen, L; Madsbad, S; Mathiesen, ER; Nordklint, AK; Perrild, H; Sneppen, SB; Tarnow, L; Thorsteinsson, B; Vestergaard, H; Vestergaard, P, 2021) |
| "Patients with schizophrenia have exceedingly high rates of metabolic comorbidity including type 2 diabetes and lose 15-20 years of life due to cardiovascular diseases, with early accrual of cardiometabolic disease." | 7.01 | Metformin for early comorbid glucose dysregulation and schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a pilot double-blind randomized clinical trial. ( Agarwal, SM; Caravaggio, F; Chintoh, AF; Costa-Dookhan, KA; Graff-Guerrero, A; Hahn, MK; Hashim, E; Kirpalani, A; Kramer, CK; Leung, G; MacKenzie, NE; Matheson, K; Panda, R; Remington, GJ; Treen, QC; Voineskos, AN, 2021) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus is closely related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)." | 6.94 | Liraglutide or insulin glargine treatments improves hepatic fat in obese patients with type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in twenty-six weeks: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. ( Guo, W; Lin, L; Tian, W; Xu, X, 2020) |
| "Metformin is first-line treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and reduces cardiovascular events in patients with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes." | 6.90 | Hepatic exposure of metformin in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. ( Brøsen, K; Feddersen, S; Gormsen, LC; Grønbaek, H; Hamilton-Dutoit, SJ; Heebøll, S; Jakobsen, S; Jessen, N; Munk, OL; Pedersen, SB; Sundelin, EIO; Vendelbo, MH, 2019) |
| "GDF-15 was not associated with type 2 diabetes, glycaemic traits, CAD risk factors or colorectal cancer." | 6.90 | The impact of GDF-15, a biomarker for metformin, on the risk of coronary artery disease, breast and colorectal cancer, and type 2 diabetes and metabolic traits: a Mendelian randomisation study. ( Au Yeung, SL; Luo, S; Schooling, CM, 2019) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes present with an accelerated atherosclerotic process." | 6.84 | The addition of vildagliptin to metformin prevents the elevation of interleukin 1ß in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease: a prospective, randomized, open-label study. ( Eskenazi, D; Fisman, EZ; Goldenberg, I; Goldkorn, R; Klempfner, R; Leor, J; Naftali-Shani, N; Tenenbaum, A; Younis, A, 2017) |
| "Lobeglitazone-treated patients showed significantly decreased CAP values (313." | 6.84 | Lobeglitazone, a Novel Thiazolidinedione, Improves Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Type 2 Diabetes: Its Efficacy and Predictive Factors Related to Responsiveness. ( Cho, YM; Jin, HY; Kim, JH; Kim, SR; Lee, BW; Lee, YH; Rhee, EJ, 2017) |
| "Metformin has been in clinical use for the management of type 2 diabetes for more than 60 years and is supported by a vast database of clinical experience: this includes evidence for cardioprotection from randomised trials and real-world studies." | 6.82 | Metformin and the heart: Update on mechanisms of cardiovascular protection with special reference to comorbid type 2 diabetes and heart failure. ( Bailey, CJ; Brand, K; Schernthaner, G, 2022) |
| "Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide." | 6.82 | Metformin and Breast Cancer: Where Are We Now? ( Cejuela, M; Martin-Castillo, B; Menendez, JA; Pernas, S, 2022) |
| "Earlier development of type 2 diabetes is associated with poorer prognoses, and children lose glycemic control more rapidly than adults." | 6.82 | Considering metformin as a second-line treatment for children and adolescents with prediabetes. ( Halpin, K; Hosey, CM; Yan, Y, 2022) |
| "Metformin can activate the pathways and expressions of both AMPK and SIRT1 so as to protect the mitochondrial function of chondrocytes, thereby promoting osteoblast production." | 6.82 | Metformin Prevents or Delays the Development and Progression of Osteoarthritis: New Insight and Mechanism of Action. ( Chen, S; Deng, Z; He, M; Jin, H; Li, Y; Lu, B; Opoku, M; Xie, W; Zhang, L, 2022) |
| "Metformin treatment significantly prolongs the OS and decreases the recurrence rate for HCC patients with T2DM after curative HCC therapy." | 6.82 | The effect of metformin usage on survival outcomes for hepatocellular carcinoma patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after curative therapy. ( Hao, J; Ma, J; Wang, J; Yuan, B, 2022) |
| "Taking metformin with a meal has been shown to decrease bioavailability of metformin." | 6.82 | Postprandial hyperglycemia was ameliorated by taking metformin 30 min before a meal than taking metformin with a meal; a randomized, open-label, crossover pilot study. ( Asano, M; Fukuda, T; Fukuda, Y; Fukui, M; Hamaguchi, M; Hasegawa, G; Hashimoto, Y; Kimura, T; Kitagawa, N; Majima, S; Mistuhashi, K; Nakamura, N; Oda, Y; Okada, H; Senmaru, T; Tanaka, M; Tanaka, Y; Yamada, S; Yamazaki, M, 2016) |
| "Metformin, the drug of first choice in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), reduces cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality in part independently of improved glycemic control and changes in traditional risk factors." | 6.80 | Differential associations of circulating asymmetric dimethylarginine and cell adhesion molecules with metformin use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and stable coronary artery disease. ( Chyrchel, B; Golay, A; Kruszelnicka, O; Surdacki, A, 2015) |
| "Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) more than doubles the risk of death compared with otherwise matched glucose tolerant patients." | 6.79 | Adding liraglutide to the backbone therapy of biguanide in patients with coronary artery disease and newly diagnosed type-2 diabetes (the AddHope2 study): a randomised controlled study protocol. ( Anholm, C; Haugaard, SB; Klit, MS; Kristiansen, OP; Kumarathurai, P; Ladelund, S; Madsbad, S; Nielsen, OW; Sajadieh, A, 2014) |
| "Pioglitazone-treated patients showed a significant increase in HDL-C compared to placebo group (6." | 6.78 | Pioglitazone Randomised Italian Study on Metabolic Syndrome (PRISMA): effect of pioglitazone with metformin on HDL-C levels in Type 2 diabetic patients. ( Bravi, F; Brunetti, P; Chinea, B; Comaschi, M; Cucinotta, D; Di Pietro, C; Egan, CG; Genovese, S; Passaro, A, 2013) |
| "Dementia was ascertained by ICD9-CM or A-code." | 6.76 | Incidence of dementia is increased in type 2 diabetes and reduced by the use of sulfonylureas and metformin. ( Hsu, CC; Lee, MS; Tsai, HN; Wahlqvist, ML, 2011) |
| "Dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes is characterized by elevated triglyceride levels, decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and a predominance of small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles." | 6.76 | PIOfix-study: effects of pioglitazone/metformin fixed combination in comparison with a combination of metformin with glimepiride on diabetic dyslipidemia. ( Forst, T; Fuchs, W; Lehmann, U; Lobmann, R; Merke, J; Müller, J; Pfützner, A; Schöndorf, T; Tschöpe, D, 2011) |
| "Treatment with cetilistat 80 or 120 mg t." | 6.75 | Weight loss, HbA1c reduction, and tolerability of cetilistat in a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial in obese diabetics: comparison with orlistat (Xenical). ( Bryson, A; Groot, Gde H; Hallam, R; Hickling, RI; Kopelman, P; Palmer, R; Rissanen, A; Rossner, S; Toubro, S, 2010) |
| "Both pioglitazone and metformin treatment were associated with significant reductions in hyperglycemia, HOMA-IR and HbA1c levels." | 6.75 | Effect of pioglitazone on various parameters of insulin resistance including lipoprotein subclass according to particle size by a gel-permeation high-performance liquid chromatography in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Adachi, T; Fujinami, A; Fukui, M; Hara, H; Hasegawa, G; Ishihara, K; Kitagawa, Y; Nakamura, N; Nakano, K; Obayashi, H; Ogata, M; Ohta, M; Takashima, T; Yamasaki, M, 2010) |
| "Pioglitazone has demonstrated a favorable CV profile relative to other oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) in outcome and observational studies." | 6.75 | Effects of pioglitazone and metformin fixed-dose combination therapy on cardiovascular risk markers of inflammation and lipid profile compared with pioglitazone and metformin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Arora, V; Jacks, R; Perez, A; Spanheimer, R, 2010) |
| "Insulin resistance is a major feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)." | 6.74 | The effect of metformin on leptin in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. ( Gedik, O; Nar, A, 2009) |
| "Metformin is an oral antihyperglycemic drug widely used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), acting via indirect activation of 5' Adenosine monophosphate-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK)." | 6.72 | Mechanism and application of metformin in kidney diseases: An update. ( Meng, X; Song, A; Zhang, C, 2021) |
| "Metformin treatment has been shown to be effective at alleviating hepatic lipogenesis in animal models of NAFLD, with a variety of mechanisms being deemed responsible." | 6.72 | Effects of Metformin on Hepatic Steatosis in Adults with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Diabetes: Insights from the Cellular to Patient Levels. ( Chattipakorn, N; Leerapun, A; Pinyopornpanish, K, 2021) |
| "Metformin is a drug in the family of biguanide compounds that is widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D)." | 6.72 | Beneficial Effects of Metformin on the Central Nervous System, with a Focus on Epilepsy and Lafora Disease. ( Sánchez, MP; Sanz, P; Serratosa, JM, 2021) |
| "The primary outcome measure was type 2 diabetes as diagnosed using World Health Organization criteria." | 6.72 | The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1). ( Bhaskar, AD; Mary, S; Mukesh, B; Ramachandran, A; Snehalatha, C; Vijay, V, 2006) |
| "Liraglutide is a promising drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes." | 6.72 | Five weeks of treatment with the GLP-1 analogue liraglutide improves glycaemic control and lowers body weight in subjects with type 2 diabetes. ( Filipczak, R; Gumprecht, J; Hompesch, M; Le, TD; Nauck, MA; Zdravkovic, M, 2006) |
| "A total of 34 subjects with type 2 diabetes (17 men and 17 women, aged 54+/-2 years and body mass index (BMI) 26." | 6.71 | Decrease in serum C-reactive protein levels by troglitazone is associated with pretreatment insulin resistance, but independent of its effect on glycemia, in type 2 diabetic subjects. ( Ishibashi, S; Ishikawa, SE; Kusaka, I; Nagasaka, S; Nakamura, T; Yatagai, T; Yoshitaka, A, 2004) |
| "Metformin was added progressively over a year in total doses of 1." | 6.69 | [The combination of insulin and metformin in obese patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus]. ( Ibarra Rueda, JM; Ruiz de Adana Pérez, R; Sánchez-Barba Izquierdo, MI, 1999) |
| "Metformin has failed to demonstrate a beneficial effect on NDs." | 6.66 | Association between metformin and neurodegenerative diseases of observational studies: systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Jiang, N; Li, Y; Ping, F, 2020) |
| "Metformin, the first choice drug for type 2 diabetes treatment in all stages of therapy, and one of the most widely prescribed anti-hyperglycemic agents worldwide, represents a rare example of an old drug which continues to display new beneficial effects in various fields." | 6.61 | Metformin lactic acidosis: Should we still be afraid? ( Adinolfi, LE; Imbriani, S; Marfella, R; Monaco, L; Nevola, R; Pafundi, PC; Ricozzi, C; Rinaldi, L; Salvatore, T; Sardu, C; Sasso, FC, 2019) |
| "Metformin prescription was not related to a lower risk of LTBI (OR, 0." | 6.61 | Impact of metformin on the risk and treatment outcomes of tuberculosis in diabetics: a systematic review. ( Cao, S; Chen, F; Feng, X; Li, L; Wei, X; Xia, L; Yu, X, 2019) |
| "Metformin, a biguanide, has been widely used in treating diabetes." | 6.61 | Metformin: A Salutary Candidate for Colorectal Cancer Treatment in Patients with Diabetes. ( Chellappan, DK; Dahiya, R; Dua, K; Gubbiyappa, SK; Gupta, G; Sah, SK; Samuel, VP; Singh, Y, 2019) |
| "Studies on patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin analyzed data on total of 146 496 patients." | 6.61 | Metformin and Colorectal Cancer - A Systematic Review. ( Dobrzycka, M; Jędrusik, P; Kobiela, J; Kobiela, P; Śledziński, Z; Spychalski, P; Zdrojewski, T, 2019) |
| "To date, interventions for frailty have primarily focused on exercise and/or nutritional interventions, many of which show improvement in frailty-related characteristics, such as gait speed and lower extremity strength and function." | 6.61 | Review of Interventions for the Frailty Syndrome and the Role of Metformin as a Potential Pharmacologic Agent for Frailty Prevention. ( Espinoza, SE; Jiwani, R; Wang, CP; Wang, J, 2019) |
| "Metformin is a first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes." | 6.61 | Metformin: Mechanisms in Human Obesity and Weight Loss. ( Soukas, AA; Yerevanian, A, 2019) |
| "Metformin has been the first-line drug for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus for decades, being presently the most widely prescribed antihyperglycemic drug." | 6.61 | Metformin and Breast Cancer: Molecular Targets. ( Azevedo, A; Faria, J; Martel, F; Negalha, G, 2019) |
| "Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate and aggravate epileptic seizures affecting around 1% of global population making it a serious health concern." | 6.61 | Envisioning the neuroprotective effect of Metformin in experimental epilepsy: A portrait of molecular crosstalk. ( H S, N; K L, K; Paudel, YN, 2019) |
| "Metformin has a better effect of reducing the incidence of CV events than sulfonylureas." | 6.61 | Effect of metformin on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with coronary artery diseases: a systematic review and an updated meta-analysis. ( Gao, P; Han, Y; Liu, Y; Shen, Z; Xie, H; Yang, X, 2019) |
| "Metformin can also inhibit the generation and accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and thereby prevents the development of the adverse structural and functional changes in myocardium." | 6.55 | The pathophysiological basis of the protective effects of metformin in heart failure. ( Dziubak, A; Wójcicka, G, 2017) |
| "With the increasing incidence of childhood obesity, clinicians need to understand its comorbidities and their management." | 6.55 | Metformin Use in Children and Adolescents with Prediabetes. ( Chin, VL; Khokhar, A; Perez-Colon, S; Umpaichitra, V, 2017) |
| "Metformin is a first-line oral anti-diabetic agent that has been used clinically to treat patients with type 2 diabetes for over 60 years." | 6.53 | Current understanding of metformin effect on the control of hyperglycemia in diabetes. ( An, H; He, L, 2016) |
| "Diabetic patients have a higher risk of colorectal cancer (CRC)." | 6.53 | Reduced colorectal cancer incidence in type 2 diabetic patients treated with metformin: a meta-analysis. ( Gu, M; Nie, Z; Zhu, H, 2016) |
| "A 70-year-old man with type 2 diabetes presented to our department with poor glycemic control without evidence of hypoglycemia, but the levels of serum insulin and IAA were very high." | 6.53 | Gliclazide-Induced Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome: A Rare Case Report and Review on Literature. ( Cao, X; Feng, X; Hu, Y; Jiang, L; Li, Q; Liu, C; Luo, Y; Ma, J; Wang, Y; Yan, R; Yang, F; Yuan, L; Zhao, E; Zhu, Y, 2016) |
| "Metformin is a widely used drug in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 6.52 | Novel therapeutic targets of metformin: metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. ( Bettencourt, N; Fontes-Carvalho, R; Gama, V; Ladeiras-Lopes, R; Leite-Moreira, A; Sampaio, F, 2015) |
| "Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic agent which is most widely used as first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes." | 6.52 | Metformin and Inflammation: Its Potential Beyond Glucose-lowering Effect. ( Saisho, Y, 2015) |
| "The key histologic feature of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is hepatocellular ballooning (HB)." | 6.50 | Effect of metformin on ballooning degeneration in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): when to use metformin in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). ( Doycheva, I; Loomba, R, 2014) |
| "Metformin treatment was associated with reduced risk of HCC in diabetic patients." | 6.49 | Metformin and reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in diabetic patients: a meta-analysis. ( Fang, L; Gao, C; Yao, SK; Zhang, H; Zhao, HC, 2013) |
| "However, findings regarding breast cancer have been mixed." | 6.48 | Metformin and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis and critical literature review. ( Aragaki, AK; Chlebowski, RT; Col, NF; Ochs, L; Springmann, V, 2012) |
| "Metformin is an orally available, biguanide derivative that is widely used in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes." | 6.47 | Anticancer effects of metformin and its potential use as a therapeutic agent for breast cancer. ( Guppy, A; Jamal-Hanjani, M; Pickering, L, 2011) |
| "Liraglutide has been approved for the combination with metformin and/or a sulfonylurea or with metformin and a thiazolidinedione, if treatment with one or a combination of these drugs is not sufficient for an adequate blood glucose control." | 6.45 | [Liraglutide: a human GLP-1 analogue for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2]. ( Jahn, E; Sausele, T, 2009) |
| " Future clinical trials are necessary to study the nephroprotective effects of the combined treatment at a low dosage in patients with diabetes." | 6.44 | Dapagliflozin and metformin in combination ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis and activating autophagy in diabetic rats. ( Htun, KT; Jaikumkao, K; Kothan, S; Lungkaphin, A; Montha, N; Pengrattanachot, N; Phengpol, N; Promsan, S; Sriburee, S; Sutthasupha, P; Thongnak, L, 2024) |
| "However, many antidiabetic treatments increase body weight." | 6.44 | Metformin and body weight. ( Golay, A, 2008) |
| "Insulin resistance has a complex etiology, with multiple manifestations across the organ systems involved in glucose homeostasis." | 6.43 | Metformin and pioglitazone: Effectively treating insulin resistance. ( Staels, B, 2006) |
| "Insulin resistance is a major endocrinopathy underlying the development of hyperglycaemia and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes." | 6.42 | Avandamet: combined metformin-rosiglitazone treatment for insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. ( Bailey, CJ; Day, C, 2004) |
| "Insulin resistance is a prominent feature of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and women with the disorder are at increased risk for the development of other diseases that have been linked to insulin resistance-namely, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease." | 6.41 | Should patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome be treated with metformin?: an enthusiastic endorsement. ( Nestler, JE, 2002) |
| "Lactic acidosis is a rare, serious adverse effect of metformin, which can be prevented by carefully observing the contra-indications." | 6.41 | [Metformin efficacious in poorly controlled diabetes mellitus type 2]. ( Hoekstra, JB; Holleman, F; Stades, AM, 2000) |
| "Repaglinide is an insulin secretion enhancer with a different mechanism of action to the sulphonylureas, which means it does not continuously stimulate insulin secretion." | 6.41 | [Repaglinide, potentially a therapeutic improvement for diabetes mellitus type 2]. ( Rutten, GE, 2001) |
| " Careful selection of most relevant data in terms of dosage prompted this original review, largely devoted to the drug action at the cell level and whose hypotheses/conclusions are tentatively interpreted according to corresponding basic scientific knowledge." | 6.40 | Membrane physiology as a basis for the cellular effects of metformin in insulin resistance and diabetes. ( Wiernsperger, NF, 1999) |
| " They also suggest that long term administration of metformin might be helpful in treating insulin resistance, thus reducing risks of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes and cardiovascular disease in these patients." | 6.40 | Insulin resistance, polycystic ovary syndrome and metformin. ( Ducluzeau, PH; Pugeat, M, 1999) |
| "Primary articles were identified by a MEDLINE search (1966-March 2007) using the MeSH headings: pregnancy in diabetics, pregnancy, polycystic ovary syndrome, hypoglycemic agents, glipizide, glyburide, metformin, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, clinical trial, controlled clinical trial, multicenter study, randomized controlled trial, case-control studies, and cohort studies." | 6.22 | Oral antidiabetic agents in pregnancy and lactation: a paradigm shift? ( Briggs, GG; Feig, DS; Koren, G, 2007) |
| " The rationale for adding metformin in these cases is that it can reduce insulin resistance." | 6.19 | [Combination treatment with insulin and metformin in type 2 diabetes. Improves glycemic control and prevents weight gain]. ( Hermann, LS; Melander, A, 1999) |
| "Patients aged ≥40 with diagnosed type 2 diabetes were included." | 5.91 | Metformin and risk of age-related macular degeneration in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study. ( Adderley, NJ; Braithwaite, T; Coker, J; Denniston, AK; Gokhale, KM; Han, D; Keane, PA; Lee, WH; Nirantharakumar, K; Subramanian, A, 2023) |
| "Metformin could inhibit the expression of CCNE1, which is associated with the anti-proliferative effect of tumor cells." | 5.91 | CCNE1 is a potential target of Metformin for tumor suppression of ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma. ( Chu, TY; Huang, HS; Liou, YL; Mei, J; Tian, H; Wang, J; Wu, N; Zhang, W, 2023) |
| "Mood disorders are a major cause of disability, and current treatment options are inadequate for reducing the burden on a global scale." | 5.91 | Metformin is Protective Against the Development of Mood Disorders. ( Berk, M; Bortolasci, CC; Crowley, T; Dean, OM; Kidnapillai, S; Kim, JH; Lake, J; Liu, ZSJ; Panizzutti, B; Pasco, JA; Richardson, M; Spolding, B; Stuart, AL; Truong, TTT; Walder, K; Williams, LJ, 2023) |
| "Persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are prone to zoster infection and postherpetic neuralgia due to compromised immunity." | 5.91 | Metformin use and the risks of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Hsu, CC; Hwu, CM; Wei, JC; Yen, FS; Yip, HT, 2023) |
| " Further, the impact of metformin alone or in combination with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on cognition, depression, and QoL of T2DM patients was also compared with newly diagnosed T2DM patients." | 5.91 | Metformin alone and in combination with sitagliptin induces depression and impairs quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: An observational study. ( Athar, M; Garg, A; Khan, MA; Kohli, S; Parveen, R; Vohora, D, 2023) |
| "Breast cancer is the fifth leading cause of death, worldwide affecting both genders." | 5.91 | Metformin enhances anti-cancer properties of resveratrol in MCF-7 breast cancer cells via induction of apoptosis, autophagy and alteration in cell cycle distribution. ( Akbarizadeh, AR; Fatehi, R; Firouzabadi, N; Rashedinia, M; Zamani, M, 2023) |
| "Metformin was prescribed to 99 patients (61%) ("M+"group) during the hospitalization, 62 patients were in "M-"group." | 5.91 | [Use of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes and acute myocardial infarction: safety and impact on glycemic control]. ( Korotina, MA; Pochinka, IG; Strongin, LG, 2023) |
| " This study evaluated cardiovascular outcomes by comparing SGLT2i with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) in combination with metformin in diabetic patients with AMI." | 5.91 | Comparison of SGLT2 inhibitors with DPP-4 inhibitors combined with metformin in patients with acute myocardial infarction and diabetes mellitus. ( Jeong, MH; Kim, JH; Kim, SY; Lyu, YS; Oh, S, 2023) |
| "Bexarotene (BEX) is a specific RXR agonist and an antineoplastic agent indicated by the FDA for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTLA)." | 5.91 | Design, synthesis and characterization of a novel multicomponent salt of bexarotene with metformin and application in ameliorating psoriasis with T2DM. ( An, Q; Du, G; Hao, Y; Li, W; Lu, Y; Ren, L; Wang, J; Yang, D; Yang, H; Yang, Y; Yu, M; Zhang, S; Zhang, Y, 2023) |
| "Metformin, a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) medication, has been noted for its potent anti-fibrotic effects." | 5.91 | Metformin Attenuates TGF-β1-Induced Fibrosis in Salivary Gland: A Preliminary Study. ( Chen, Z; Cheng, Y; Li, B; Li, Y; Peng, B; Wang, L; Wang, X; Wei, L; Zhong, NN, 2023) |
| "Metformin, a clinical agent of type 2 diabetes, is reported as a potential geroprotector." | 5.72 | Metformin Protects Against Inflammation, Oxidative Stress to Delay Poly I:C-Induced Aging-Like Phenomena in the Gut of an Annual Fish. ( Hou, Y; Li, G; Li, S; Liu, K; Qiao, M; Sun, X; Zhu, H, 2022) |
| "Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic drug widely used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 5.72 | Metformin effect in models of inflammation is associated with activation of ATP-dependent potassium channels and inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α production. ( Augusto, PSA; Batista, CRA; Bertollo, CM; Braga, AV; Coelho, MM; Costa, SOAM; Dutra, MMGB; Machado, RR; Matsui, TC; Melo, ISF; Morais, MI; Rodrigues, FF, 2022) |
| "Persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have neutrophil dysfunction with a higher risk of infection than those without diabetes." | 5.72 | Metformin use and the risk of bacterial pneumonia in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Hsu, CC; Hwu, CM; Shih, YH; Wei, JC; Yen, FS, 2022) |
| "Metformin treatment after SAH promoted mitophagy in an AMPK-dependent manner." | 5.72 | Metformin attenuates early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats via AMPK-dependent mitophagy. ( Guo, Y; Li, Y; Liu, B; Shi, H; Tian, Y; Wu, P; Zhang, T; Zhang, Y, 2022) |
| "Metformin has begun to be discussed as a potentially useful agent on the basis of the results of epidemiological and preclinical research showing that it may be beneficial in patients with leukaemia, lymphomas and multiple myeloma." | 5.72 | Reduced Progression of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance to Multiple Myeloma in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Will Metformin Never Stop Its Pleasant Surprises? ( Papachristou, S; Papanas, N; Popovic, DS, 2022) |
| "Although there are many options for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, such as surgical resection, interventional therapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and liver transplantation, the poor therapeutic effect seriously reduces the quality of life for patients and also increases the social and economic burden." | 5.72 | Role of metformin in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. ( Liu, W; Xiong, S, 2022) |
| "The association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and colorectal cancer (CRC) has been thoroughly investigated and reports have demonstrated that the risk of CRC is increased in DM patients." | 5.72 | Effects of diabetes type 2 and metformin treatment in Swedish patients with colorectal cancer. ( Dimberg, J; Landerholm, K; Shamoun, L; Wågsäter, D, 2022) |
| "Metformin is a biguanide drug utilized as the first-line medication in treating type 2 diabetes." | 5.72 | Exploring the Mechanism of Adjuvant Treatment of Glioblastoma Using Temozolomide and Metformin. ( Chang, PC; Chen, HY; Feng, SW; Huang, SM; Hueng, DY; Li, YF, 2022) |
| "Metformin alone reduced hyperinsulinemia and circulating c-reactive protein, but exacerbated nephropathy." | 5.72 | Rapamycin/metformin co-treatment normalizes insulin sensitivity and reduces complications of metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetic mice. ( Calcutt, NA; Doty, R; Flurkey, K; Harrison, DE; Koza, RA; Reifsnyder, PC, 2022) |
| "Metformin use was associated with significantly higher objective response rate (ORR) in the overall and PS-matched cohort (79." | 5.72 | Metformin administration is associated with enhanced response to transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma in type 2 diabetes patients. ( Choi, GH; Choi, WJ; Choi, WS; Jang, ES; Jang, S; Jeong, SH; Jung, WJ; Kim, JW; Lee, JH; Park, J; Yoon, CJ, 2022) |
| "Cardiac fibrosis is a major structural change observed in the heart of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), ultimately resulting in heart failure (HF)." | 5.72 | Gentiopicroside alleviates cardiac inflammation and fibrosis in T2DM rats through targeting Smad3 phosphorylation. ( Hu, XP; Huang, P; Huang, ZJ; Liu, T; Pan, ZF; Shi, JN; Sun, ZY; Xu, YN; Yuan, MN; Zhang, YW; Zou, XZ, 2022) |
| "Metformin is increasingly used to treat gestational diabetes (GDM) and pregnancies complicated by pregestational type 2 diabetes or polycystic ovary syndrome but data regarding long-term offspring outcome are lacking in both human studies and animal models." | 5.72 | Sex-specific effects of maternal metformin intervention during glucose-intolerant obese pregnancy on body composition and metabolic health in aged mouse offspring. ( Aiken, CE; Ashmore, TJ; Blackmore, HL; Dearden, L; Fernandez-Twinn, DS; Ozanne, SE; Pantaleão, LC; Pellegrini Pisani, L; Schoonejans, JM; Tadross, JA, 2022) |
| "Vascular calcification is associated with aging, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis, and increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality." | 5.72 | Metformin protects against vascular calcification through the selective degradation of Runx2 by the p62 autophagy receptor. ( Caporali, A; Corcoran, BM; Forsythe, RO; Jones, RA; Koo, E; MacRae, VE; Phadwal, K; Tang, K; Tang, Q, 2022) |
| "Increased age and the presence of congestive heart failure were associated with significantly higher risk of AF in both groups (HR: 1." | 5.72 | Association between first-line monotherapy with metformin and the risk of atrial fibrillation (AMRAF) in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Chung, MK; Iqbal, A; Ji, X; Kashyap, SR; Kattan, MW; Milinovich, A; Pantalone, KM; Tekin, Z; Zimmerman, RS, 2022) |
| " Logistic regression showed that d, L, different therapeutic agents, and dosage groups were independent risk factors of ISR." | 5.72 | Treatment effect of metformin combined with atorvastatin in reducing in-stent restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention in coronary artery disease patients with type 2 diabetic patients. ( Chen, M; Li, M; Liu, S; Ma, F; Su, B; Wang, C; Yuan, L; Zhang, S; Zhang, Y; Zheng, Q, 2022) |
| "Metformin is a first-line antidiabetic drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2); its molecular target is AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is involved in many metabolic processes." | 5.72 | [Metformin and malignant neoplasms: a possible mechanism of antitumor action and prospects for use in practice]. ( Frolova, YS; Gaimakova, DV; Galimova, AM; Islamgulov, AH; Karimova, AR; Kuznetsov, KO; Nazmieva, KA; Oganesyan, IY; Rizvanova, EV; Sadertdinova, AG; Safina, ER, 2022) |
| "Metformin intake was associated with a favorable outcome in HNM patients, providing possible therapeutic implications for future adjuvant treatment regimes." | 5.72 | Prognostic Relevance of Type 2 Diabetes and Metformin Treatment in Head and Neck Melanoma: Results from a Population-Based Cohort Study. ( Ettl, T; Fischer, R; Gerken, M; Lindner, SR; Ludwig, N; Reichert, TE; Schimnitz, S; Spanier, G; Spoerl, S; Taxis, J, 2022) |
| "Janagliflozin 25 or 50 mg once-daily added to metformin therapy significantly improved glycaemic control, reduced body weight and systolic blood pressure, improved high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and insulin sensitivity, and was generally well-tolerated by Chinese T2D patients who had poor glycaemic control with metformin monotherapy." | 5.69 | Efficacy and safety of janagliflozin as add-on therapy to metformin in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone: A multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. ( Chen, L; Chen, X; Cheng, Z; Gao, L; Guo, Y; Ji, L; Li, J; Liao, L; Pang, S; Song, W; Su, B; Su, X; Sun, J; Tan, X; Wang, K; Wang, Y; Xu, F; Ye, J, 2023) |
| "The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) and metformin can prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among patients with prediabetes." | 5.69 | Study protocol: Behavioral economics and self-determination theory to change diabetes risk (BEST Change). ( Carter, EW; Heisler, M; Herman, WH; Kim, HM; Kullgren, JT; McEwen, LN; Resnicow, K; Rogers, B; Stoll, S; Vadari, HS; Volpp, KG, 2023) |
| "To study the oral 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 (11β-HSD1) inhibitor BI 187004 (NCT02150824), as monotherapy and in combination with metformin, versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affected by overweight or obesity." | 5.69 | Safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics following once-daily doses of BI 187004, an inhibitor of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1, over 28 days in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and overweight or obesity. ( Bianzano, S; Heise, T; Nordaby, M; Peil, B; Plum-Mörschel, L, 2023) |
| " After adjustment for HbA1c, use of metformin and weight loss >5% were independently associated with slower increases in frailty." | 5.69 | An Examination of Whether Diabetes Control and Treatments Are Associated With Change in Frailty Index Across 8 Years: An Ancillary Exploratory Study From the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) Trial. ( Boyko, EJ; Espeland, MA; Ferris, CK; Justice, JN; Kritchevsky, SB; Munshi, MN; Pilla, SJ; Simpson, FR, 2023) |
| "Metformin is increasingly being used during pregnancy, with potentially adverse long-term effects on children." | 5.69 | Outcomes in children of women with type 2 diabetes exposed to metformin versus placebo during pregnancy (MiTy Kids): a 24-month follow-up of the MiTy randomised controlled trial. ( Armson, A; Asztalos, E; Barrett, J; Donovan, L; Fantus, IG; Feig, DS; Hamilton, J; Haqq, AM; Jiang, Y; Karanicolas, P; Klein, G; Lipscombe, L; Mangoff, K; Murphy, KE; Sanchez, JJ; Simmons, D; Tobin, S; Tomlinson, G; Zinman, B, 2023) |
| "In overweight or obese patients with T2DM, a once-weekly subcutaneous administration of PEG-Loxe for 16 weeks, in addition to lifestyle interventions or oral antidiabetic drug therapy, resulted in significantly greater weight loss compared to metformin." | 5.69 | Short-term effect of polyethylene glycol loxenatide on weight loss in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes: An open-label, parallel-arm, randomized, metformin-controlled trial. ( Cai, H; Chen, Q; Duan, Y; Zhang, X; Zhao, Y, 2023) |
| "We aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of DDG combined with metformin for the treatment of T2DM patients with obesity." | 5.69 | Effectiveness and safety of Daixie Decoction granules combined with metformin for the treatment of T2DM patients with obesity: study protocol for a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicentre clinical trial. ( Liu, Z; Wang, F; Wang, L; Wang, M; Zhang, J; Zhang, K; Zhang, Y; Zhou, S; Zhou, Y, 2023) |
| " We conducted a Phase II double-blind placebo-controlled trial that aimed to determine the impact of metformin on blood glucose levels among people with prediabetes (defined as impaired fasting glucose [IFG] and/or impaired glucose tolerance [IGT]) and HIV in SSA." | 5.69 | Metformin for the prevention of diabetes among people with HIV and either impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance (prediabetes) in Tanzania: a Phase II randomised placebo-controlled trial. ( Alam, U; Bates, K; Charles, G; Garrib, A; Jaffar, S; Kivuyo, S; Luo, H; Majaliwa, E; Mfinanga, S; Nyirenda, MJ; Ramaiya, K; Simbauranga, R; van Widenfelt, E; Wang, D, 2023) |
| "The sitagliptin group receiving empagliflozin saw a substantial drop in HbA1c, fasting and postprandial plasma glucose levels, body weight, and blood pressure compared to the starting point." | 5.69 | Adding empagliflozin to sitagliptin plus metformin vs. adding sitagliptin to empagliflozin plus metformin as triple therapy in Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes: a 12-week open trial. ( Ali, AM; Mostafa, MAA; Rabea, H; Salem, HF; Zakaraia, HG, 2023) |
| "To investigate if addition of metformin to standard care (life-style advice) reduces the occurrence of cardiovascular events and death after myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with newly detected prediabetes." | 5.69 | Design and rationale of the myocardial infarction and new treatment with metformin study (MIMET) - Study protocol for a registry-based randomised clinical trial. ( Hagström, E; Hambraeus, K; James, S; Jernberg, T; Lagerqvist, B; Leosdottir, M; Lundman, P; Norhammar, A; Östlund, O; Pernow, J; Ritsinger, V, 2023) |
| " Methods and Results The Diabetes Prevention Program was a randomized controlled trial comparing an intensive lifestyle intervention, metformin, or placebo for prevention of type 2 diabetes among patients with prediabetes." | 5.69 | Coronary Artery Calcium and Cognitive Decline in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. ( Crandall, JP; Dabelea, D; Gadde, KM; Goldberg, RB; Ibebuogu, UN; Luchsinger, JA; Orchard, TJ; Pi-Sunyer, FX; Schlögl, M; Temprosa, M; Watson, KE; Yin, X, 2023) |
| "Metformin (Met) is a commonly used drug in the treatment of type 2 diabetes." | 5.62 | Neuroprotective effects of metformin on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating PI3K/Akt pathway. ( Gao, J; Guo, H; Li, X; Liu, Z; Lv, H; Ruan, C; Wang, Y; Yan, J, 2021) |
| "Metformin, which is an essential anti-diabetic drug, has been shown to exhibit anti-TB effects in patients with DM." | 5.62 | The cumulative dose-dependent effects of metformin on the development of tuberculosis in patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Heo, E; Jang, EJ; Kim, E; Lee, CH, 2021) |
| "Metformin users were younger, had higher body mass index, were more likely to have comorbidities, and had higher baseline hemoglobin A1c levels than non-users." | 5.62 | Use of metformin following a population-level intervention to encourage people with pre-diabetes to enroll in the National Diabetes Prevention Program. ( Herman, WH; Hurst, TE; Joiner, KL; McEwen, LN, 2021) |
| "Metformin was associated with increased OR (CI) for AKI, 1." | 5.62 | Is metformin associated with acute kidney injury? A case-control study of patients with type 2 diabetes admitted with acute infection. ( Carlson, N; Gerds, TA; Gislason, GH; Hommel, K; Nelveg-Kristensen, KE; Nissen, AB; Schou, M; Schytz, PA; Torp-Pedersen, C, 2021) |
| "Abnormal glucose metabolism in cancer cells causes generation and secretion of excess lactate, which results in acidification of the extracellular microenvironment." | 5.62 | Metformin induced lactic acidosis impaired response of cancer cells towards paclitaxel and doxorubicin: Role of monocarboxylate transporter. ( Bhat, MK; Chaube, B; Deb, A; Malvi, P; Mayengbam, SS; Mohammad, N; Singh, A; Singh, SV, 2021) |
| "We included patients with AKI and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care database." | 5.62 | Association between metformin use on admission and outcomes in intensive care unit patients with acute kidney injury and type 2 diabetes: A retrospective cohort study. ( Chen, W; Chen, X; Wen, D; Xiong, X; Yang, Q; Zhang, Z; Zheng, J, 2021) |
| "Metformin was administered orally every day to rats with OA." | 5.62 | Metformin Attenuates Monosodium-Iodoacetate-Induced Osteoarthritis via Regulation of Pain Mediators and the Autophagy-Lysosomal Pathway. ( Cho, KH; Cho, ML; Choi, JW; Jung, K; Kim, SJ; Kwon, JY; Lee, AR; Lee, DH; Lee, SH; Lee, SY; Min, HK; Na, HS; Park, SH; Woo, JS, 2021) |
| "Patients with prediabetes are making choices for diabetes prevention that generally align with recommendations and expected benefits from the published literature." | 5.62 | Choice of Intensive Lifestyle Change and/or Metformin after Shared Decision Making for Diabetes Prevention: Results from the Prediabetes Informed Decisions and Education (PRIDE) Study. ( Castellon-Lopez, Y; Duru, OK; Frosch, DL; Grotts, J; Jeffers, KS; Mangione, CM; Martin, JM; Moin, T; Norris, KC; Tseng, CH; Turk, N, 2021) |
| "Metformin was used as the standard antidiabetic drug." | 5.62 | Vanillin exerts therapeutic effects against hyperglycemia-altered glucose metabolism and purinergic activities in testicular tissues of diabetic rats. ( Erukainure, OL; Islam, MS; Olofinsan, KA; Salau, VF, 2021) |
| "A total of 3757 primary invasive breast cancer patients who underwent surgery from January 2010 to December 2013 were enrolled." | 5.62 | Metformin improves the outcomes in Chinese invasive breast cancer patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Hui, T; Li, R; Shang, C; Song, Z; Wang, M; Yang, L, 2021) |
| "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the primary causes of chronic liver disease and is closely linked to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and dyslipidemia." | 5.62 | Metformin in Combination with Malvidin Prevents Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Improving Lipid and Glucose Metabolisms, and Inhibiting Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes Rats. ( Gu, X; Li, X; Zhang, C; Zhu, H; Zou, W, 2021) |
| "A 58-year-old female with known type 2 diabetes mellitus continued to take her usual medications, including metformin, an ACE inhibitor and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, while suffering from diarrhoea and vomiting." | 5.62 | Metformin-associated lactic acidosis. ( Fadden, EJ; Longley, C; Mahambrey, T, 2021) |
| "Metformin has been used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and animal and clinical studies have reported therapeutic effects of metformin in Alzheimer's disease (AD)." | 5.62 | Metformin attenuates vascular pathology by increasing expression of insulin-degrading enzyme in a mixed model of cerebral amyloid angiopathy and type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Ando, Y; Inoue, Y; Masuda, T; Misumi, Y; Ueda, M, 2021) |
| "Metformin use has been linked to pathologic complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for several malignancies." | 5.56 | Diabetes Mellitus and Metformin Are Not Associated With Breast Cancer Pathologic Complete Response. ( Berger, AC; Brenin, DR; Christopher, A; Hassinger, TE; Knisely, AT; Mehaffey, JH; Schroen, AT; Showalter, SL, 2020) |
| "Metformin treatment for T2D during the initial diagnosis of BC may improve outcomes." | 5.56 | Type 2 diabetes, breast cancer specific and overall mortality: Associations by metformin use and modification by race, body mass, and estrogen receptor status. ( Gogineni, K; He, J; Lee, KN; McCullough, LE; Torres, MA; Troeschel, AN, 2020) |
| "This study evaluated the influence of type 2 diabetes mellitus on bone loss, bone repair and cytokine production in hyperglycemic rats, treated or not with metformin." | 5.56 | Impact of hyperglycemia and treatment with metformin on ligature-induced bone loss, bone repair and expression of bone metabolism transcription factors. ( Azarias, JS; Bastos, MF; Garcia, RP; Malta, FS; Miranda, TS; Ribeiro, GKDR; Shibli, JA, 2020) |
| "Despite being the frontline therapy for type 2 diabetes, the mechanisms of action of the biguanide drug metformin are still being discovered." | 5.56 | AMPK regulation of Raptor and TSC2 mediate metformin effects on transcriptional control of anabolism and inflammation. ( Dayn, A; Dayn, Y; Hellberg, K; Luo, EC; Shaw, RJ; Shokhirev, MN; Van Nostrand, EL; Van Nostrand, JL; Yeo, GW; Yu, J, 2020) |
| "<6." | 5.56 | Metformin Should Not Be Used to Treat Prediabetes. ( Davidson, MB, 2020) |
| "Comorbid type 2 diabetes poses a great challenge to the global control of tuberculosis." | 5.56 | Disparate Effects of Metformin on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Mice. ( Govan, B; Hansen, K; Henning, L; Ketheesan, N; Kupz, A; Miranda-Hernandez, S; Rush, CM; Sathkumara, HD, 2020) |
| " Behavioral weight loss and metformin have distinct effects on the gut microbiome, but their impact on gut permeability to lipopolysaccharides is unknown." | 5.51 | A behavioral weight-loss intervention, but not metformin, decreases a marker of gut barrier permeability: results from the SPIRIT randomized trial. ( Appel, LJ; Juraschek, SP; Maruthur, N; Miller, ER; Mueller, NT; Tilves, C; Yeh, HC, 2022) |
| "Twelve weeks of treatment with metformin resulted in a significant reduction in body weight and improved insulin sensitivity, but IHTG content and FA oxidation remained unchanged." | 5.51 | Metformin maintains intrahepatic triglyceride content through increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis. ( Charlton, C; Cornfield, T; Green, CJ; Hazlehurst, JM; Hodson, L; Marjot, T; McCullagh, J; Moolla, A; Pinnick, KE; Tomlinson, JW; Walsby-Tickle, J; Westcott, F, 2022) |
| " All participants had a documented history of coronary heart disease or high cardiovascular risk at screening and received aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) 100 mg daily throughout the trial." | 5.51 | Efficacy and safety of alogliptin versus acarbose in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients with high cardiovascular risk or coronary heart disease treated with aspirin and inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy or drug-naive: A multicentre, randomi ( Gao, B; Gao, W; Ji, Q; Wan, H; Xu, F; Zhang, X; Zhou, R, 2022) |
| "This study aimed to determine the separated and combined effects of metformin and resistance exercise on glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in overweight/obese individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 5.51 | One Bout of Resistance Training Does Not Enhance Metformin Actions in Prediabetic and Diabetic Individuals. ( Alvarez-Jimenez, L; Mora-Rodriguez, R; Morales-Palomo, F; Moreno-Cabañas, A; Ortega, JF; Ramirez-Jimenez, M, 2022) |
| "Our study assesses perinatal outcomes among women with type 2 diabetes, with gestational weight gain (GWG) within and outside of US Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines, by conducting a secondary analysis of the Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes in Pregnancy (MiTy) trial." | 5.51 | Gestational weight gain in women with type 2 diabetes and perinatal outcomes: A secondary analysis of the metformin in women with type 2 diabetes in pregnancy (MiTy) trial. ( Feig, DS; Fu, J; Tomlinson, G, 2022) |
| "Oral metformin supplementation once daily for 24 weeks as an adjuvant therapy to intensive insulin in pediatric T1DM was safe and effective in improving glycemic control, dyslipidemia and Nrg-4 levels; hence, it decreased inflammation, microvascular complications and subclinical atherosclerosis." | 5.51 | Effect of metformin as an add-on therapy on neuregulin-4 levels and vascular-related complications in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. ( Elbarbary, NS; Ghallab, MA; Ismail, EAR, 2022) |
| "The Pregnancy Outcomes: Effects of Metformin study is a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled trial." | 5.51 | Pregnancy Outcomes: Effects of Metformin (POEM) study: a protocol for a long-term, multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial in gestational diabetes mellitus. ( Erwich, JJHM; Hoogenberg, K; Kooy, A; Lutgers, HL; Prins, JR; van Dijk, PR; van Hoorn, EGM, 2022) |
| "If metformin is proved to slow knee cartilage volume loss and to relieve knee symptoms among overweight knee OA patients, it will have the potential to become a disease modifying drug for knee OA." | 5.51 | Can metformin relieve tibiofemoral cartilage volume loss and knee symptoms in overweight knee osteoarthritis patients? Study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial. ( Cai, X; Dai, L; Ding, C; Guan, S; Guo, D; Lan, X; Lou, A; Luo, J; Mei, Y; Mo, Y; Qu, Y; Ruan, G; Wu, W; Yu, Q; Yuan, S; Zhang, H; Zhang, Y, 2022) |
| "In this study, we observed a high percentage of SGA births among women with type 2 diabetes and chronic hypertension and/or nephropathy who were treated with metformin." | 5.51 | Determinants of Small for Gestational Age in Women With Type 2 Diabetes in Pregnancy: Who Should Receive Metformin? ( Asztalos, E; Donovan, LE; Feig, DS; Murphy, KE; Sanchez, JJ; Shah, PS; Tomlinson, G; Zinman, B, 2022) |
| " We aimed to explore 7% weight reduction rates of mazindol alone or combined with metformin in non-diabetic obese Mexican subjects who had additional risk factors for T2D." | 5.51 | Metformin improves the weight reduction effect of mazindol in prediabetic obese Mexican subjects. ( Arguelles-Tello, FA; Barranco-Garduño, LM; Huerta-Cruz, JC; Kammar-García, A; Reyes-García, JG; Rocha-González, HI; Trejo-Jasso, CA, 2022) |
| "We investigated effects of weight loss, an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILS), and metformin on the relationship between insulin secretion and sensitivity using repository data from 2931 participants in the Diabetes Prevention Program clinical trial in adults at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes." | 5.51 | Weight Loss, Lifestyle Intervention, and Metformin Affect Longitudinal Relationship of Insulin Secretion and Sensitivity. ( Hanson, RL; Knowler, WC; Vazquez Arreola, E, 2022) |
| "To evaluate the impact of concomitant use of probiotic BB-12 in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes on glycemic control, metformin-related gastrointestinal side effects, and treatment compliance." | 5.51 | Metformin with Versus without Concomitant Probiotic Therapy in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Type 2 Diabetes or Prediabetes: A Comparative Analysis in Relation to Glycemic Control, Gastrointestinal Side Effects, and Treatment Compliance. ( Bostan, F; Çekin, AH; Kök, M; Köker, G; Özçelik Köker, G; Şahin, K; Şahintürk, Y; Uyar, S, 2022) |
| "Recent studies have shown that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) improved the metabolic profiles of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), yet the effectiveness in reversing insulin resistance and increasing metformin sensitivity in T2DM patients have not been reported." | 5.51 | Fecal microbiota transplantation reverses insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes: A randomized, controlled, prospective study. ( Chen, B; Chen, F; Chen, Y; Hou, D; Hou, K; Li, X; Lin, A; Wu, Z; Xia, R; Zhang, B; Zhang, S; Zheng, C; Zhu, D, 2022) |
| "Metformin is commonly used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 5.51 | Reversible Acute Blindness in Suspected Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis. ( Ham, YR; Jeong, WJ; Oh, SK; Ryu, S; Son, SH; You, YH, 2019) |
| "Although patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may fail to achieve adequate hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) control despite metformin-sulfonylurea (Met-SU) dual therapy, a third-line glucose-lowering medication-including dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i), insulin, or thiazolidinedione (TZD)-can be added to achieve this." | 5.51 | Intensification with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, insulin, or thiazolidinediones and risks of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular diseases, and severe hypoglycemia in patients on metformin-sulfonylurea dual therapy: A retrospective cohort study. ( Chan, EW; Ho, CW; Lam, CLK; Man, KKC; Shi, M; Tse, ETY; Wong, CKH; Wong, ICK, 2019) |
| "This pilot study suggests that the serum inflammatory markers at the average normal values point to the sufficiency of metformin-single therapy in inflammation control in non-obese T2DM patients with NAFLD." | 5.51 | Effects of Metformin-Single Therapy on the Level of Inflammatory Markers in Serum of Non-Obese T2DM Patients with NAFLD. ( Gluvic, Z; Isenovic, ER; Macut, D; Mitrovic, B; Obradovic, M; Soskic, S; Stajic, D; Sudar-Milovanovic, E, 2022) |
| "Canagliflozin is a novel drug for diabetes mellitus with the mechanisms of inducing glucosuria through inhibition of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 in the kidney independent of insulin activity." | 5.51 | Metabolic Acidosis in Postsurgical Patient on Canagliflozin and Metformin: A Case Report. ( Darwish, AM, 2019) |
| "Metformin treatment increased the levels of butyrylcarnitine and acylcarnitine C18:1 concentrations and decreased the levels of isoleucine concentrations compared to untreated HFD mice." | 5.51 | Metabolomics Based on MS in Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: the Effect of Vildagliptin, Metformin, and Their Combination. ( Bugáňová, M; Haluzík, M; Holubová, M; Kuneš, J; Kuzma, M; Maletínská, L; Pelantová, H; Šedivá, B; Tomášová, P; Železná, B, 2019) |
| "Co-treatment of metformin and sorafenib was associated with a survival disadvantage." | 5.51 | Treatment with metformin is associated with a prolonged survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. ( Hinrichs, JB; Ivanyi, P; Kirstein, MM; Koch, S; Manns, MP; Marhenke, S; Pinter, M; Rodt, T; Scheiner, B; Schulte, L; Schweitzer, N; Vogel, A; Voigtländer, T; Weinmann, A, 2019) |
| "Metformin (MET) is a potential combination drug to elevate anti-TB efficacy." | 5.51 | Metformin induced autophagy in diabetes mellitus - Tuberculosis co-infection patients: A case study. ( Ali, M; Mertaniasih, NM; Novita, BD; Pranoto, A; Soediono, EI, 2019) |
| "The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma deriving from metabolic dysfunctions has increased in the last years." | 5.51 | Role of SIRT-3, p-mTOR and HIF-1α in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Affected by Metabolic Dysfunctions and in Chronic Treatment with Metformin. ( Bandini, E; Casadei-Gardini, A; Cascinu, S; Cravero, P; Cucchetti, A; De Matteis, S; Ercolani, G; Faloppi, L; Foschi, FG; Frassineti, GL; Ghetti, M; Gramantieri, L; Granato, AM; La Barba, G; Marisi, G; Santini, D; Scarpi, E; Scartozzi, M; Vespasiani-Gentilucci, U, 2019) |
| "Metformin use was associated with decreased odds of developing AMD, independently of the other covariates investigated, with an odds ratio of 0." | 5.51 | The Common Antidiabetic Drug Metformin Reduces Odds of Developing Age-Related Macular Degeneration. ( Ash, JD; Ball, JD; Brown, EE; Chen, Z; Khurshid, GS; Prosperi, M, 2019) |
| "Metformin was found to reduce elevated serum thyrotropin levels, and this effect was partially determined by endogenous dopaminergic tone." | 5.48 | Effect of Metformin on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis Activity in Elderly Antipsychotic-Treated Women With Type 2 Diabetes and Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Preliminary Study. ( Krysiak, R; Okopień, B; Szkróbka, W, 2018) |
| "Metformin has been shown to have favorable effects on the course of heart failure in experimental models." | 5.48 | Is metformin beneficial for heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes? ( Packer, M, 2018) |
| "The global type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) epidemic threatens progress made in reducing tuberculosis (TB)-related mortality worldwide." | 5.48 | Metformin Use Reverses the Increased Mortality Associated With Diabetes Mellitus During Tuberculosis Treatment. ( Degner, NR; Golub, JE; Karakousis, PC; Wang, JY, 2018) |
| "Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an intractable digestive organ cancer that has proven difficult to treat despite multidisciplinary therapy, and a new treatment strategy is demanded." | 5.48 | Antitumor effects of metformin are a result of inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B nuclear translocation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. ( Akimoto, AK; Akutsu, Y; Hanari, N; Hoshino, I; Iida, K; Kano, M; Matsubara, H; Matsumoto, Y; Murakami, K; Okada, K; Otsuka, R; Sakata, H; Sekino, N; Shiraishi, T; Takahashi, M; Toyozumi, T; Yokoyama, M, 2018) |
| "In all, 303 women were diagnosed with ovarian cancer during the follow up." | 5.48 | The role of metformin and statins in the incidence of epithelial ovarian cancer in type 2 diabetes: a cohort and nested case-control study. ( Arffman, M; Arima, R; Hautakoski, A; Hinkula, M; Ilanne-Parikka, P; Kangaskokko, J; Läärä, E; Marttila, M; Puistola, U; Sund, R; Urpilainen, E, 2018) |
| "Metformin treatment has been associated with a reduced risk of developing cancer, but whether metformin influences the risk of recurrence is unknown." | 5.48 | Association between metformin use after surgery for colorectal cancer and oncological outcomes: A nationwide register-based study. ( Fransgaard, T; Gögenur, I; Thygesen, LC, 2018) |
| "Metformin was found to decrease serum levels of prolactin and thyrotropin." | 5.48 | The Effect of Metformin on Serum Gonadotropin Levels in Postmenopausal Women with Diabetes and Prediabetes: A Pilot Study. ( Krysiak, R; Okopień, B; Szkróbka, W, 2018) |
| " To describe a concentration range in clinical samples after chronic use of metformin, metformin serum concentrations were determined in serum samples of 95 diabetic patients receiving daily doses of 500mg-3000mg of metformin." | 5.48 | Range of therapeutic metformin concentrations in clinical blood samples and comparison to a forensic case with death due to lactic acidosis. ( Hess, C; Madea, B; Stratmann, B; Tschoepe, D; Unger, M, 2018) |
| "Metformin was associated with increased PFS of patients receiving somatostatin analogues and in those receiving everolimus, with or without somatostatin analogues." | 5.48 | Metformin Use Is Associated With Longer Progression-Free Survival of Patients With Diabetes and Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors Receiving Everolimus and/or Somatostatin Analogues. ( Antonuzzo, L; Aroldi, F; Bajetta, E; Berardi, R; Bongiovanni, A; Brighi, N; Brizzi, MP; Buzzoni, R; Campana, D; Carnaghi, C; Catena, L; Cauchi, C; Cavalcoli, F; Cingarlini, S; Colao, A; Concas, L; Davì, MV; de Braud, F; De Divitiis, C; Delle Fave, G; Di Costanzo, F; Di Maio, M; Duro, M; Ermacora, P; Faggiano, A; Fazio, N; Femia, D; Fontana, A; Garattini, SK; Giacomelli, L; Giuffrida, D; Ibrahim, T; La Salvia, A; Lo Russo, G; Marconcini, R; Massironi, S; Mazzaferro, V; Milione, M; Ortolani, S; Panzuto, F; Perfetti, V; Prinzi, N; Puliafito, I; Pusceddu, S; Razzore, P; Ricci, S; Rinzivillo, M; Spada, F; Tafuto, S; Torniai, M; Vernieri, C; Zaniboni, A, 2018) |
| "Men with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity are often characterised by low testosterone (T)." | 5.48 | Short-term combined treatment with exenatide and metformin is superior to glimepiride combined metformin in improvement of serum testosterone levels in type 2 diabetic patients with obesity. ( Hao, M; Kuang, HY; Li, BW; Ma, XF; Pan, J; Shao, N; Wu, WH; Yu, XY; Yu, YM; Zhang, HJ, 2018) |
| "Metformin treatment in patients with different degrees of HF and T2DM is associated with a reduction in mortality and does not affect the hospitalisation rate." | 5.48 | The influence of metformin and the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus on mortality and hospitalisation in patients with heart failure. ( Crespo-Leiro, M; Drożdż, J; Drzewoski, J; Jankowska, E; Kosmalski, M; Maggioni, A; Opolski, G; Poloński, L; Ponikowski, P; Retwiński, A, 2018) |
| "Metformin has been widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes." | 5.46 | Effects of metformin on compensatory pancreatic β-cell hyperplasia in mice fed a high-fat diet. ( Kyohara, M; Okuyama, T; Shirakawa, J; Tajima, K; Terauchi, Y; Togashi, Y; Yamazaki, S, 2017) |
| "Metformin is a common oral treatment for those with diabetes." | 5.46 | Does metformin protect against osteoarthritis? An electronic health record cohort study. ( Barnett, LA; Edwards, JJ; Jordan, KP; van der Windt, DA, 2017) |
| " The effects of exposure duration and dosage on dementia and PD occurrence were also observed." | 5.46 | Effects of metformin exposure on neurodegenerative diseases in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Hu, CJ; Huang, KW; Kao, CH; Kuan, YC; Lin, CL, 2017) |
| "Metformin therapy was prescribed in 190 (81%) patients." | 5.46 | Metformin use associated with lower risk of cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. ( Gušić, E; Kulo Ćesić, A; Kusturica, J; Maleškić, S; Rakanović-Todić, M; Šečić, D, 2017) |
| "Metformin, first line medication in the treatment of type2 diabetes by millions of patients worldwide, causes gastrointestinal adverse effects (i." | 5.46 | "Metformin-resistant" folic acid producing probiotics or folic acid against metformin's adverse effects like diarrhea. ( Olgun, A, 2017) |
| "Comorbid depression was induced by five inescapable foot-shocks (2mA, 2ms duration) at 10s intervals on days 1, 5, 7, and 10." | 5.46 | Metformin and ascorbic acid combination therapy ameliorates type 2 diabetes mellitus and comorbid depression in rats. ( Kumar, M; Nayak, PK; Shivavedi, N; Tej, GNVC, 2017) |
| "Metformin has outstanding utility in reducing insulin resistance and preventing type-2-diabetes mellitus, but has not been studied for statin-associated muscle symptom rescue or prevention." | 5.46 | Pleiotropic effects of metformin to rescue statin-induced muscle injury and insulin resistance: A proposed mechanism and potential clinical implications. ( Carris, NW; Chapalamadugu, KC; Magness, DJ; Magness, RR; Tipparaju, SM, 2017) |
| "Vildagliptin is a new drug used to treat diabetes mellitus (DM)." | 5.46 | A case of bullous pemphigoid ınduced by vildagliptin. ( Ersoy-Evans, S; Gököz, O; Gönül, M; Keseroglu, HO; Taş-Aygar, G, 2017) |
| "All patients registered as having hepatocellular carcinoma between January 1995 and December 2011 in a nationwide database were retrospectively analysed." | 5.46 | Metformin confers risk reduction for developing hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver resection. ( Chan, KM; Chiou, MJ; Chou, HS; Hsu, JT; Kuo, CF; Lee, CF; Lee, WC; Wang, YC; Wu, TH; Wu, TJ, 2017) |
| "Metformin is a first-line oral antidiabetic therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 5.46 | Hemodialysis-refractory metformin-associated lactate acidosis with hypoglycemia, hypothermia, and bradycardia in a diabetic patient with belated diagnosis and chronic kidney disease . ( Zibar, K; Zibar, L, 2017) |
| "Metformin use was identified from CPRD prescription records." | 5.43 | Metformin use and survival after colorectal cancer: A population-based cohort study. ( Cardwell, CR; Hughes, CM; Mc Menamin, ÚC; Murray, LJ, 2016) |
| "Men with type 2 diabetes are often characterized by abnormal plasma testosterone levels." | 5.43 | The effect of testosterone on cardiovascular risk factors in men with type 2 diabetes and late-onset hypogonadism treated with metformin or glimepiride. ( Gilowski, W; Krysiak, R; Okopień, B, 2016) |
| "Metformin is a basic drug used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 5.43 | [Chronic kidney diseases, metformin and lactic acidosis]. ( Borbély, Z, 2016) |
| "Metformin-glinides was most cost-effective in the base-case analysis; Metformin-glinides saved $194 USD for one percentage point of reduction in CVD risk, as compared to Metformin-SU." | 5.43 | Comparative cost-effectiveness of metformin-based dual therapies associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: Evidence from a population-based national cohort in Taiwan. ( Chen, YT; Liu, YM; Ou, HT; Wu, JS, 2016) |
| "Metformin plays an anti-proliferative role in tumor cells in many types of cancer." | 5.43 | Metformin mediates resensitivity to 5-fluorouracil in hepatocellular carcinoma via the suppression of YAP. ( Gao, Z; Han, Z; Liang, R; Luo, N; Sun, D; Tang, B; Tian, Y; Wang, C; Wang, L; Zhang, R, 2016) |
| "Metformin, a first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes, is the only drug demonstrated to reduce cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients." | 5.43 | Metformin Uniquely Prevents Thrombosis by Inhibiting Platelet Activation and mtDNA Release. ( Cao, Y; Gu, J; Huang, W; Ji, C; Lee, KH; Li, K; Lu, Y; Ma, L; Morris-Natschke, SL; Niu, H; Qin, C; Wei, Z; Wen, L; Xia, Q; Xin, G; Xing, Z; Yeh, JL; Zhang, R; Zheng, H, 2016) |
| "Metformin pretreatment for 24 h of HER2+ MDA-MB-361 cells, which were subsequently treated for 48 h with Herceptin, induced additional decline in cell survival." | 5.42 | Metformin effects on malignant cells and healthy PBMC; the influence of metformin on the phenotype of breast cancer cells. ( Abu Rabi, Z; Antić-Stanković, J; Damjanović, A; Damjanović, S; Džodić, R; Juranić, Z; Kanjer, K; Matić, IZ; Milovanović, Z; Nikolić, S; Roki, K; Ðorđić, M; Ðurović, MN, 2015) |
| "Metformin is the mainstay therapy for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and many patients also take salicylate-based drugs [i." | 5.42 | Metformin and salicylate synergistically activate liver AMPK, inhibit lipogenesis and improve insulin sensitivity. ( Blümer, RM; Bujak, AL; Crane, JD; Day, EA; Ford, RJ; Fullerton, MD; Gerstein, HC; Kemp, BE; Marcinko, K; Oakhill, JS; Pinkosky, SL; Scott, JW; Smith, BK; Steinberg, GR, 2015) |
| "Metformin is an oral drug that has been widely used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 5.42 | Metformin inhibits the proliferation, metastasis, and cancer stem-like sphere formation in osteosarcoma MG63 cells in vitro. ( Chen, X; Hu, C; Hu, F; Shen, Y; Wang, J; Yu, P; Zhang, W, 2015) |
| "Metformin treatment also led to marked decreases in cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) 4 protein levels and retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation." | 5.42 | Antitumor effect of metformin on cholangiocarcinoma: In vitro and in vivo studies. ( Fujihara, S; Fujimori, T; Iwama, H; Kamada, H; Kato, K; Kobara, H; Kobayashi, K; Masaki, T; Mori, H; Morishita, A; Okano, K; Suzuki, Y; Yamashita, T, 2015) |
| "We aimed to assess the feasibility, safety and effects on glucose metabolism of metformin or sitagliptin in patients with transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or minor ischaemic stroke and IGT." | 5.41 | Safety, feasibility and efficacy of metformin and sitagliptin in patients with a TIA or minor ischaemic stroke and impaired glucose tolerance. ( Brouwers, PJAM; den Hertog, H; Dippel, DWJ; Koudstaal, P; Lingsma, H; Mulder, LJMM; Osei, E; Zandbergen, A, 2021) |
| "Metformin has anti-inflammatory effects through multiple routes, which provides potential therapeutic targets for certain inflammatory diseases, such as neuroinflammation and rheumatoid arthritis." | 5.41 | Role of metformin in inflammation. ( Feng, YY; Pang, H; Wang, Z, 2023) |
| "These two meta-analyses can inform decision-making for women with type 2 diabetes regarding their use of metformin and the use of screening mammography for early detection of breast cancer." | 5.41 | Breast cancer risk for women with diabetes and the impact of metformin: A meta-analysis. ( Alagoz, O; Cryns, VL; Gangnon, RE; Hajjar, A; Heckman-Stoddard, BM; Lu, Y; Trentham-Dietz, A, 2023) |
| "PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, CNKI, and VIP databases were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) through January 1, 2015 to investigate the effectiveness of liraglutide combined with metformin treatment (LMT) in obesity patients with type 2 diabetes (ODP)." | 5.41 | Liraglutide combined with metformin treatment for obese people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Long, Y; Zhang, Y, 2023) |
| " The results showed that compared to dual therapy with DPP-4 inhibitor add-on to metformin, triple therapy with SGLT-2 inhibitor add-on to DPP-4 inhibitor plus metformin was associated with greater reductions in HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, body weight, and blood pressure (P < ." | 5.41 | Efficacy and Safety of Triple Therapy with SGLT-2 Inhibitor, DPP-4 Inhibitor, and Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis. ( Li, M; Wang, S; Wang, X, 2023) |
| "The findings from our analyses substantiate the relevance of treatment with SGLT-2 inhibitors or GLP-1RAs as an add-on to metformin in patients with T2D and a high risk for cardiovascular disease, and furthermore, support the recommendation for SGLT-2 inhibitor treatment in patients with T2D and heart failure or established kidney disease." | 5.41 | Effects of DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT-2 inhibitors and sulphonylureas on mortality, cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: A network meta-analyses-driven approach. ( Brønden, A; Christensen, MB; Glintborg, D; Hansen, KB; Hansen, TK; Højlund, K; Kofoed-Enevoldsen, A; Kristensen, JK; Madsen, GK; Snorgaard, O; Søndergaard, E; Toft, K, 2023) |
| "While substantial preclinical and clinical evidence suggests metformin as a potential cardiovascular protectant, large-scale randomized controlled trials are warranted to establish its clinical efficacy in treating patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and heart failure." | 5.41 | Cardiovascular Protection by Metformin: Latest Advances in Basic and Clinical Research. ( Li, JZ; Li, YR, 2023) |
| "Metformin is used worldwide in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and has been used in the treatment of diabetes in pregnancy since the 1970s." | 5.41 | Focus on Metformin: Its Role and Safety in Pregnancy and Beyond. ( Dunne, FP; Ero, A; Newman, C; Rabbitt, L, 2023) |
| "This document purpose is to create an evidence-based position statement on the role of metformin therapy in pregnancy complicated by obesity, gestational diabetes (GDM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART)." | 5.41 | Position paper of the Italian Association of Medical Diabetologists (AMD), Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), and the Italian Study Group of Diabetes in pregnancy: Metformin use in pregnancy. ( Bianchi, C; Burlina, S; Formoso, G; Manicardi, E; Resi, V; Sciacca, L; Sculli, MA, 2023) |
| "Lactic acidosis is a potential adverse event related to metformin therapy." | 5.41 | [Acute Renal Failure, Lactic Acidosis, and Metformin: Two Case Reports and Literature Review]. ( Cesaro, A; Del Piano, C; Del Piano, D; Diglio, A; Faggian, A; Faggian, G; Faggian, R; Salzano, M; Vitagliano, A, 2023) |
| "In conclusion, the administration of once-weekly Semaglutide exhibited a substantial reduction in HbA1c, average systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body weight, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), and a rise in pulse rate, as opposed to the once-daily administration of Sitagliptin." | 5.41 | Comparative efficacy and safety profile of once-weekly Semaglutide versus once-daily Sitagliptin as an add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Ahmed, M; Butt, TS; Ganesan, S; Khatri, M; Kumar, S; Madhurita, F; Nageeta, F; Patel, T; Sohail, R; Varrassi, G; Zafar, M; Zafar, W; Zaman, MU, 2023) |
| " Metformin toxicity is a spectrum of conditions that may be differentiated into three subgroups: metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA), metformin-induced lactic acidosis (MILA), and metformin-unrelated lactic acidosis (MULA)." | 5.41 | High risk and low prevalence diseases: Metformin toxicities. ( Cao, JD; Koyfman, A; Long, B; Onisko, N; Rivera, D, 2023) |
| "Metformin is a widely used and effective medication in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) as well as in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)." | 5.41 | Identification of Novel Intronic SNPs in Transporter Genes Associated with Metformin Side Effects. ( Obermayer, A; Obermayer-Pietsch, B; Schweighofer, N; Sourij, C; Sourij, H; Strasser, M; Trummer, O, 2023) |
| " Included were 3 case reports detailing pregnancy outcomes in individual patients that conceived while on a GLP-1 RA and 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and a follow-up study to one of the RCTs that reported on patients randomized to GLP-1 RA or metformin prior to conception." | 5.41 | Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and safety in the preconception period. ( Mahalingaiah, S; Minis, E; Stanford, FC, 2023) |
| "To assess the effects of dapagliflozin, metformin and exercise treatment on changes in plasma glucagon concentrations in individuals with overweight and HbA1c-defined prediabetes." | 5.41 | No effects of dapagliflozin, metformin or exercise on plasma glucagon concentrations in individuals with prediabetes: A post hoc analysis from the randomized controlled PRE-D trial. ( Amadid, H; Blond, MB; Bruhn, L; Clemmensen, KKB; Faerch, K; Holst, JJ; Jørgensen, ME; Karstoft, K; Persson, F; Quist, JS; Ried-Larsen, M; Torekov, SS; Vistisen, D; Wewer Albrechtsen, NJ, 2021) |
| "These data suggest that the beneficial effects of liraglutide and sitagliptin on glucose metabolism, body weight and bile acids, when used as add-on therapies to metformin or sulphonylureas, are not linked to changes in the intestinal microbiota (NCT01744236)." | 5.41 | Liraglutide and sitagliptin have no effect on intestinal microbiota composition: A 12-week randomized placebo-controlled trial in adults with type 2 diabetes. ( Belzer, C; Cahen, DL; Davids, M; de Vos, WM; Fluitman, KS; Groen, AK; Herrema, H; Kramer, MHH; Nieuwdorp, M; Smits, MM; van Raalte, DH, 2021) |
| " Adolescents (aged 12-18 years) with obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and a family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) will receive either metformin (850 mg p." | 5.41 | Efficacy of metformin and fermentable fiber combination therapy in adolescents with severe obesity and insulin resistance: study protocol for a double-blind randomized controlled trial. ( Ball, GDC; Colin-Ramirez, E; Deehan, EC; Dinu, I; Field, CJ; Freemark, M; Haqq, AM; Madsen, KL; Newgard, CB; Orsso, C; Pakseresht, M; Prado, CM; Rubin, D; Sharma, AM; Tan, Q; Triador, L; Tun, H; Walter, J; Wine, E, 2021) |
| "Evaluate the impact of metformin treatment during puberty, a critical window of cardiometabolic change, on insulin sensitivity (Si) and compensatory β-cell response in youth with obesity." | 5.41 | Two-Year Treatment With Metformin During Puberty Does Not Preserve β-Cell Function in Youth With Obesity. ( Hilkin, A; Kelsey, MM; Nadeau, KJ; Pyle, L; Severn, C; Utzschneider, K; Van Pelt, RE; Zeitler, PS, 2021) |
| "Metformin is a kind of oral hypoglycemic agents commonly prescribed to patients with diabetes mellitus." | 5.40 | Metformin-inclusive therapy reduces the risk of stroke in patients with diabetes: a 4-year follow-up study. ( Chen, CL; Chen, TJ; Cheng, YY; Kao, CL; Kuo, CH; Lee, SD; Leu, HB, 2014) |
| "Metformin is a biguanide group oral antidiabetic drug used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 5.40 | Lactic acidosis induced by metformin in a chronic hemodialysis patient with diabetes mellitus type 2. ( Altun, E; Karayaylalı, I; Kaya, B; Paydaş, S; Sarıakçalı, B, 2014) |
| "Metformin is a commonly used oral hypoglycaemic agent worldwide." | 5.40 | Long term use of metformin leading to vitamin B 12 deficiency. ( Tan, LK; Tung, ML, 2014) |
| "Metformin is an oral anti-hyperglycemic agent of the biguanide family, which is used first-line for type II diabetes with few side-effects." | 5.40 | Metformin inhibits proliferation and enhances chemosensitivity of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. ( Dong, C; Fan, N; Feng, T; Ke, Q; Li, L; Li, Y; Li, Z; Ling, S; Wang, C; Wang, L; Xu, F, 2014) |
| "Non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NC-CAH), one of the most common genetic disorders, is often associated with the clinical features of hyperandrogenism." | 5.40 | The effect of metformin on androgen production in diabetic women with non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia. ( Krysiak, R; Okopien, B, 2014) |
| "Metformin use was associated with a decreased risk of AF in patients with type 2 DM who were not using other anti-diabetic medication, probably via attenuation of atrial cell tachycardia-induced myolysis and oxidative stress." | 5.40 | Association of metformin with lower atrial fibrillation risk among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based dynamic cohort and in vitro studies. ( Chang, SH; Chen, WJ; Chiou, MJ; Kuo, CF; Liu, JR; See, LC; Wen, MS; Wu, LS; Yeh, YH; Yu, KH, 2014) |
| "Metformin use was neither associated with an increased nor a decreased risk of esophageal cancer." | 5.40 | Metformin use and the risk of esophageal cancer in Barrett esophagus. ( Agrawal, A; Agrawal, S; Deidrich, W; Makhijani, N; Markert, R; Patel, P, 2014) |
| "The effects of metformin on venous thrombosis in patient with type 2 DM have not been reported." | 5.40 | Metformin use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with reduced risk of deep vein thrombosis: a non-randomized, pair-matched cohort study. ( Chan, WL; Chen, JW; Chung, CM; Huang, CC; Huang, PH; Leu, HB; Lin, SJ; Lu, DY, 2014) |
| "Numerous patients with type 2 diabetes have renal impairment, especially in the elderly population." | 5.39 | [How I treat ... with metformin a diabetic patient with moderate renal insufficiency]. ( Scheen, AJ, 2013) |
| "An 82-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and unstable angina presented with severe lactic acidosis and acute kidney injury (AKI) accompanied by acute pancreatitis." | 5.39 | Severe lactic acidosis and acute pancreatitis associated with cimetidine in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus taking metformin. ( Ahn, KS; Hong, CW; Kang, GW; Lee, DY; Lee, IH; Seo, JH, 2013) |
| "Metformin represents the cornerstone of treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 5.38 | Metformin and heart failure: never say never again. ( Maltezos, E; Mikhailidis, DP; Papanas, N, 2012) |
| "sulphonylurea (SU) compounds." | 5.38 | Worry vs. knowledge about treatment-associated hypoglycaemia and weight gain in type 2 diabetic patients on metformin and/or sulphonylurea. ( Knop, FK; Lund, A, 2012) |
| "To confirm whether type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is an affective disorder (AD) precursor, and to establish possible effects of oral anti-hyperglycemic agents (OAAs)." | 5.38 | Increased risk of affective disorders in type 2 diabetes is minimized by sulfonylurea and metformin combination: a population-based cohort study. ( Chang, HY; Chuang, SY; Hsu, CC; Lee, MS; Tsai, HN; Wahlqvist, ML; Yu, SH, 2012) |
| "A metformin level was 150 μg/mL (therapeutic 1-2 μg/mL)." | 5.37 | Occult metformin toxicity in three patients with profound lactic acidosis. ( Gaieski, D; Perrone, J; Phillips, C, 2011) |
| "The coexistence of type 2 diabetes with breast cancer may result in poorer cancer-related survival due to a number of mediating factors including an alteration of tumor tissue hormonal sensitivity." | 5.37 | More favorable progesterone receptor phenotype of breast cancer in diabetics treated with metformin. ( Berstein, LM; Boyarkina, MP; Semiglazov, VF; Tsyrlina, EV; Turkevich, EA, 2011) |
| "Metformin is an antihyperglycemic agent commonly used in diabetic patients." | 5.37 | The nephrologist's role in metformin-induced lactic acidosis. ( Basterrechea, MA; de Arriba, G; Gómez-Navarro, L; Hernández-Sevillano, B; Pérez del Valle, KM; Rodríguez-Palomares, JR; Sánchez-Heras, M; Tallón, S; Torres-Guinea, M, 2011) |
| "Metformin is a widely used antidiabetic agent that is generally considered safe." | 5.37 | Metformin-associated lactic acidosis in Chinese patients with type II diabetes. ( Chan, WM; Chung, HY; Fong, BM; Siu, TS; Tam, S; Tsai, NW; Tsui, SH; Yeung, CW, 2011) |
| "Of all drugs used in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes, the insulin sensitizers thiazolidinediones (e." | 5.36 | Gastroprotective effects of the insulin sensitizers rosiglitazone and metformin against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in Type 2 diabetic rats. ( Abdel-Gaber, SA; Ashour, OM; Fouad, AA; Morsy, MA, 2010) |
| "Metformin-treated patients had a higher body mass index, lower creatinine, and were less often on insulin." | 5.36 | Metformin therapy and outcomes in patients with advanced systolic heart failure and diabetes. ( Fonarow, GC; Horwich, TB; Shah, DD, 2010) |
| "In 84% of the cases, type 2 diabetes mellitus has been present before the HCC diagnosis." | 5.36 | Metformin and reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in diabetic patients with chronic liver disease. ( Balbi, M; Casarin, P; Donadon, V; Mas, MD; Zanette, G, 2010) |
| "Metformin is widely used in women with Type 2 diabetes of child-bearing age, many of whom become pregnant." | 5.36 | Metformin treatment for Type 2 diabetes in pregnancy? ( Simmons, D, 2010) |
| "Metformin was associated with a reduced risk of CHF (HR 0." | 5.35 | The risk of developing coronary artery disease or congestive heart failure, and overall mortality, in type 2 diabetic patients receiving rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, metformin, or sulfonylureas: a retrospective analysis. ( Arrigain, S; Atreja, A; Jain, A; Kattan, MW; Pantalone, KM; Wells, BJ; Yu, C; Zimmerman, RS, 2009) |
| "Byetta was withdrawn, the patient was treated for acute pancreatitis and the symptoms subsided." | 5.35 | Exenatide and acute pancreatitis. ( Basha, S; Jain, R; Ramachandran, A; Shetty, S; Tripathy, NR, 2008) |
| "Sixty women with gestational and type 2 diabetes were enrolled, 30 each for metformin and insulin." | 5.35 | Metformin--a convenient alternative to insulin for Indian women with diabetes in pregnancy. ( Kamath, A; Meenakshi, D; Rai, L, 2009) |
| "Twenty-one patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were observed for more than 6 months after treatment with pioglitazone, and 31 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were observed for more than 6 months after the treatment with metformin." | 5.35 | The ratio of leptin to adiponectin can be used as an index of insulin resistance. ( Fujita, T; Hayakawa, N; Horikawa, Y; Imamura, S; Inagaki, K; Itoh, M; Kakizawa, H; Oda, N; Suzuki, A; Takeda, J; Uchida, Y, 2008) |
| "The aim of the present prospective randomized controlled trial was to assess whether metformin treatment has beneficial effects on patients with T2DM with hypertension without overt HF." | 5.34 | Effects of Metformin on Left Ventricular Size and Function in Hypertensive Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Results of a Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter, Phase IV Trial. ( Fujita, M; Funada, J; Hasegawa, K; Horie, T; Inoue, H; Ogo, A; Ono, K; Satoh-Asahara, N; Shimatsu, A; Uehara, K; Wada, H, 2020) |
| "Gestational diabetes mellitus is a condition similar to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in that patients are unable to compensate for the degree of insulin resistance, and both conditions are often treated with metformin." | 5.34 | Pharmacodynamics of Metformin in Pregnant Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Nonpregnant Women With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Ahmed, MS; Brown, Z; Caritis, S; Clark, S; Easterling, TR; Flood Nichols, SK; Haas, DM; Haneline, LS; Hebert, MF; Ma, X; Manuck, TA; Morris Brown, L; Quinney, SK; Ren, Z; Shen, DD; Shireman, LM; Shuster, DL; Thummel, KE; Tita, AT; Venkataramanan, R, 2020) |
| "A single center parallel double-blind randomized clinical trial with 24 months of follow-up in patients with impaired glucose tolerance plus two T2D risk factors which were randomized to linagliptin 5 mg + metformin 1700 mg daily + lifestyle (LM group) or metformin 1700 mg daily + lifestyle (M group)." | 5.34 | The combination of linagliptin, metformin and lifestyle modification to prevent type 2 diabetes (PRELLIM). A randomized clinical trial. ( Aguilar-García, A; Álvarez-Canales, M; Angulo-Romero, F; Durán-Pérez, EG; Evia-Viscarra, ML; Farfán-Vázquez, D; Folli, F; Guardado-Mendoza, R; Jiménez-Ceja, LM; Martínez-López, YE; Montes de Oca-Loyola, ML; Salazar-López, SS; Suárez-Pérez, EL, 2020) |
| "Forty metformin-treated obese subjects with prediabetes or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus, received liraglutide (1." | 5.34 | Liraglutide improves memory in obese patients with prediabetes or early type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled study. ( Boccatonda, A; Cipollone, F; Consoli, A; Di Castelnuovo, A; Guagnano, MT; Liani, R; Santilli, F; Simeone, PG; Tripaldi, R; Vadini, F, 2020) |
| "To determine the separated and combined effects of metformin and exercise on insulin sensitivity and free-living glycemic control in overweight individuals with prediabetes/type 2 diabetes (T2DM)." | 5.34 | Exercise improves metformin 72-h glucose control by reducing the frequency of hyperglycemic peaks. ( Mora-Rodríguez, R; Morales-Palomo, F; Moreno-Cabañas, A; Ortega, JF; Ramirez-Jimenez, M, 2020) |
| " The use of dapagliflozin in this population could improve weight loss and other cardiovascular factors." | 5.34 | Efficacy of the treatment with dapagliflozin and metformin compared to metformin monotherapy for weight loss in patients with class III obesity: a randomized controlled trial. ( Espinosa, E; Ferreira-Hermosillo, A; Garrido-Mendoza, AP; Mendoza-Zubieta, V; Mercado, M; Molina-Ayala, MA; Molina-Guerrero, D; Ramírez-Rentería, C, 2020) |
| " This study aims to compare the impact on beta-cell function and insulin resistance of prednisone 40 mg between adults with newly diagnosed T2DM and healthy adults." | 5.34 | Effect of short-term prednisone on beta-cell function in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy subjects. ( Adel, MM; Fogelfeld, L; Guerra, Y; Shah, M; Tahsin, B, 2020) |
| "We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of lobeglitazone compared with sitagliptin as an add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes as well as other components of metabolic syndrome." | 5.34 | Efficacy and safety of lobeglitazone versus sitagliptin as an add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes with two or more components of metabolic syndrome over 24 weeks. ( Cha, BS; Choi, DS; Choi, KM; Chun, SW; Kim, DM; Kim, KJ; Kim, MK; Kim, SG; Lee, HW; Lim, S; Mok, JO; Park, KS; Seo, JA; Shon, HS; Yoon, KH, 2020) |
| "Optimising health outcomes with Metformin to prevent diAbetes After pregnancy (OMAhA) is a multicentre placebo-controlled double-blind randomised feasibility trial, where we will randomly allocate 160 postnatal women with gestational diabetes treated with medication to either metformin (intervention) or placebo (control) tablets to be taken until 1 year after delivery." | 5.34 | Effectiveness and acceptability of metformin in preventing the onset of type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes in postnatal women: a protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind feasibility trial—Optimising health outcomes with Metformi ( Amaefule, CE; Bolou, A; D'Amico, M; Daru, J; Dodds, J; Drymoussi, Z; Gonzalez Carreras, FJ; Harden, A; Heighway, J; Hitman, G; Huda, MS; Khan, K; Lanz, D; Pardo Llorente, MDC; Pérez, T; Pizzo, E; Robson, J; Sanghi, A; Sobhy, S; Sweeney, L; Thangaratinam, S; Thomas, A; Zamora, J, 2020) |
| " While efficacy studies demonstrate that metformin can reduce incident T2D by half among younger, obese adults with prediabetes, its real-world effectiveness are understudied, and its use for T2D prevention in primary care is low." | 5.34 | Design of a cluster-randomized trial of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of metformin on prevention of type 2 diabetes among prediabetic Mexican adults (the PRuDENTE initiative of Mexico City). ( Aguilar-Salinas, CA; Balderas, N; Barquera, S; Basu, S; Denova-Gutiérrez, E; Gallardo-Hernández, A; Handley, MA; López-Arellano, O; Moreno-Loaeza, L; Rodríguez, LA; Sánchez-Romero, LM; Schillinger, D; Sepúlveda-Amor, J, 2020) |
| " Metformin was able to stabilise insulin sensitivity in every stratified sub-cohort except one." | 5.34 | Metformin use in prediabetes: is earlier intervention better? ( Fleet, R; Pumpa, K; Somerset, S; Warrilow, A, 2020) |
| "In this double-blind randomized trial, 46 overweight T2DM patients without renal impairment received once-daily linagliptin (5 mg) or glimepiride (1 mg) for 8 weeks." | 5.34 | Effects of DPP-4 Inhibitor Linagliptin Versus Sulfonylurea Glimepiride as Add-on to Metformin on Renal Physiology in Overweight Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (RENALIS): A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial. ( Danser, AHJ; Hartmann, B; Holst, JJ; Joles, JA; Kramer, MHH; Muskiet, MHA; Ouwens, DM; Smits, MM; Tonneijck, L; Touw, DJ; van Raalte, DH, 2020) |
| " This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding Vildagliptin versus Glimepiride to ongoing Metformin on the biomarkers of inflammation, thrombosis, and atherosclerosis in T2DM patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD)." | 5.34 | Comparative clinical study evaluating the effect of adding Vildagliptin versus Glimepiride to ongoing Metformin therapy on diabetic patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease. ( Kabel, M; Mostafa, T; Omran, G; Shokry, A; Werida, R, 2020) |
| "To determine whether the benefits of dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and type 2 diabetes in the Dapagliflozin And Prevention of Adverse-Outcomes in Heart Failure trial (DAPA-HF) varied by background glucose-lowering therapy (GLT)." | 5.34 | Effect of Dapagliflozin in DAPA-HF According to Background Glucose-Lowering Therapy. ( Bengtsson, O; DeMets, DL; Docherty, KF; Inzucchi, SE; Jhund, PS; Kosiborod, MN; Køber, L; Langkilde, AM; Martinez, FA; McMurray, JJV; Sabatine, MS; Sjöstrand, M; Solomon, SD, 2020) |
| "This study aimed to evaluate the treatment efficacy of dapagliflozin and metformin, alone and in combination, on body weight and anthropometric, cardiovascular, and metabolic parameters in overweight women with a recent history of gestational diabetes mellitus." | 5.34 | A randomized trial of dapagliflozin and metformin, alone and combined, in overweight women after gestational diabetes mellitus. ( Elkind-Hirsch, KE; Harris, R; Seidemann, E, 2020) |
| "Metformin treatment for one year improved HbA1c in both groups (with and without type-1 LADA)." | 5.34 | [Detection of LADA-type diabetes in overweight diabetic patients. Is treatment with metformin suitable?]. ( Arroyo Bros, J; Campos Bonilla, B; Granada Ybern, ML; Lóriz Peralta, O; Sanmartí Sala, A, 2007) |
| "Lactic acidosis is a rare side effect of metformin." | 5.34 | [Metformin-related lactic acidosis in an 85-year-old woman]. ( Jansen, PA; Knol, W; van der Linden, CM; van Marum, RJ, 2007) |
| "A patient with type 2 diabetes and hypothalamic damage due to a suprasellar tumor developed impaired glycemic control and central obesity." | 5.33 | Markedly improved glycemic control and enhanced insulin sensitivity in a patient with type 2 diabetes complicated by a suprasellar tumor treated with pioglitazone and metformin. ( Goto, T; Igaki, N; Tanaka, M, 2005) |
| "Metformin, however, has the potential to increase serumlactate." | 5.33 | [Metformin-associated lactic acidosis in a patient with pre-existing risk factors]. ( Becker, C; Luginbühl, A; Pittl, U; Schlienger, R, 2005) |
| "Metformin was more effective in lowering glucose in those with a lower BMI (r = -0." | 5.33 | The effect of obesity on glycaemic response to metformin or sulphonylureas in Type 2 diabetes. ( Doney, AS; Donnelly, LA; Hattersley, AT; Morris, AD; Pearson, ER, 2006) |
| "Metformin is a logical treatment in these circumstances but there has always been concern about its safety for the fetus, particularly as it crosses the placenta and it may increase the risk of teratogenesis." | 5.33 | Metformin use and diabetic pregnancy-has its time come? ( Hawthorne, G, 2006) |
| "Metformin vs placebo treatment of diabetic pigs (twice 1." | 5.33 | Association of insulin resistance with hyperglycemia in streptozotocin-diabetic pigs: effects of metformin at isoenergetic feeding in a type 2-like diabetic pig model. ( Ackermans, M; Corbijn, H; Dekker, R; Koopmans, SJ; Mroz, Z; Sauerwein, H, 2006) |
| "Metformin is a biguanide commonly used in type 2 diabetes and considered to be a safe drug with minimal side effects." | 5.32 | Metformin induced acute pancreatitis precipitated by renal failure. ( Mallick, S, 2004) |
| "Metformin was then administered." | 5.32 | Metformin use in an obese diabetic patient from weeks 1 to 21 of pregnancy. ( Imamura, M; Mori, M; Nagai, T, 2003) |
| "Metformin is an effective and commonly administered drug for controlling plasma glucose concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 5.31 | Metformin as a cause of late-onset chronic diarrhea. ( Clement, KD; Foss, MT, 2001) |
| ", the Diabetes Prevention Program) and metformin reduce type 2 diabetes risk among patients with prediabetes." | 5.30 | Effectiveness of Shared Decision-making for Diabetes Prevention: 12-Month Results from the Prediabetes Informed Decision and Education (PRIDE) Trial. ( Castellon-Lopez, Y; Chon, JS; Duru, OK; Frosch, DL; Jeffers, KS; Mangione, CM; Martin, JM; Moin, T; Norris, K; Tseng, CH; Turk, N, 2019) |
| "To examine the efficacy and safety for metformin in treating antipsychotic-induced dyslipidemia." | 5.30 | [Metformin treatment of antipsychotic-induced dyslipidemia: analysis of two randomized, placebo-controlled trials]. ( Guo, W; Kang, D; Long, Y; Ou, J; Wang, X; Wu, R; Yang, Y; Zhao, J, 2019) |
| "To compare the effects of gliclazide, liraglutide and metformin on body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease." | 5.30 | Effects of liraglutide, metformin and gliclazide on body composition in patients with both type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized trial. ( Bi, Y; Feng, WH; Gao, CX; Gao, LJ; Li, P; Shen, SM; Yang, DH; Yin, TT; Zhu, DL, 2019) |
| "This study provides evidence that, compared to glimepiride, saxagliptin more effectively achieves a composite endpoint of adequate glycaemic control without hypoglycaemia and without weight gain in T2D patients who are inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy, especially in overweight patients with moderate hyperglycaemia and a relatively short duration of diabetes." | 5.30 | Comparative effect of saxagliptin and glimepiride with a composite endpoint of adequate glycaemic control without hypoglycaemia and without weight gain in patients uncontrolled with metformin therapy: Results from the SPECIFY study, a 48-week, multi-centr ( Bi, Y; Cheng, J; Gu, T; Li, D; Ma, J; Shao, J; Shi, B; Sun, Z; Xu, L; Zhang, H; Zhang, Q; Zhong, S; Zhu, D; Zhu, L, 2019) |
| "Metformin has been shown to modulate the cardiovascular response to intraduodenal glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and may have the capacity to regulate postprandial blood pressure (BP), which is often inadequately compensated in T2DM, resulting in postprandial hypotension." | 5.30 | Metformin attenuates the postprandial fall in blood pressure in type 2 diabetes. ( Borg, MJ; Horowitz, M; Jones, KL; Rayner, CK; Sun, Z; Wu, T, 2019) |
| " The current study investigated the effects of vildagliptin, DPP-4 inhibitor, compared to metformin on endothelial function and blood pressure through vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) modulation in patients with T2DM and hypertension." | 5.30 | The Role of Vildagliptin in Treating Hypertension Through Modulating Serum VEGF in Diabetic Hypertensive Patients. ( Abdel-Latif, H; Bassyouni, A; El-Naggar, AR; Elyamany, M; Hassanin, S; Zaafar, D, 2019) |
| "All-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, cardiovascular events (death, hospitalization for heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke or myocardial ischemia), end stage renal disease (ESRD) and the kidney disease composite (ESRD or death) were compared in metformin users and non-users with diabetes and CKD enrolled in the Trial to Reduce Cardiovascular Events with Aranesp (darbepoeitin-alfa) Therapy (TREAT) (NCT00093015)." | 5.30 | Metformin use and cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. ( Burdmann, EA; Charytan, DM; Claggett, B; Cooper, ME; Eckardt, KU; Ivanovich, P; Levey, AS; Lewis, EF; Liu, J; McGill, JB; McMurray, JJV; Parfrey, P; Parving, HH; Pfeffer, MA; Remuzzi, G; Singh, AK; Solomon, SD; Weinrauch, LA, 2019) |
| "BACKGROUND We investigated the effects of metformin on neurological function and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with acute stroke." | 5.30 | Neuro-Protective Role of Metformin in Patients with Acute Stroke and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus via AMPK/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Signaling Pathway and Oxidative Stress. ( Chen, Z; Cheng, R; Hao, F; Li, XW; Liu, H; Tao, SX; Yu, HY; Zhao, M, 2019) |
| "The DPP (Diabetes Prevention Program) was a randomized controlled trial that compared weight loss with metformin, intensive lifestyle intervention (ILS), or placebo." | 5.30 | Long-Term Weight Loss With Metformin or Lifestyle Intervention in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. ( Apolzan, JW; Boyko, EJ; Dabelea, D; Edelstein, SL; Franks, PW; Gadde, KM; Kalyani, RR; Knowler, WC; Pi-Sunyer, X; Srikanthan, P; Venditti, EM, 2019) |
| "The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy, insulin sensitivity and safety in the event of administering sulfonylurea-based drugs and metformin in combination with basal insulin." | 5.30 | A comparison study on efficacy, insulin sensitivity and safety of Glimepiride/Metformin fixed dose combination versus glimepiride single therapy on type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with basal insulin therapy. ( Chun, SW; Hong, JH; Kim, SJ; Lee, JM; Lim, DM; Park, KS; Park, KY; Yu, HM, 2019) |
| " We investigated the effect of liraglutide combined with metformin on LGI and lipoprotein density profiles in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and newly diagnosed T2DM." | 5.30 | Liraglutide in combination with metformin may improve the atherogenic lipid profile and decrease C-reactive protein level in statin treated obese patients with coronary artery disease and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: A randomized trial. ( Anholm, C; Fenger, M; Haugaard, SB; Kristiansen, OP; Kumarathurai, P; Madsbad, S; Nielsen, OW; Pedersen, LR; Sajadieh, A; Samkani, A; Walzem, RL, 2019) |
| "Metformin-treated rats gained significantly less weight." | 5.29 | Prevention of hyperglycemia in the Zucker diabetic fatty rat by treatment with metformin or troglitazone. ( Burant, CF; Polonsky, KS; Pugh, W; Sreenan, S; Sturis, J, 1996) |
| "Metformin prevents weight gain in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D)." | 5.27 | Metformin-associated prevention of weight gain in insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients cannot be explained by decreased energy intake: A post hoc analysis of a randomized placebo-controlled 4.3-year trial. ( Jager-Wittenaar, H; Kooy, A; Krijnen, W; Lehert, P; Miedema, I; Out, M; Stehouwer, C; van der Schans, C, 2018) |
| "This study aimed to assess the effect of luseogliflozin on liver fat deposition and compare luseogliflozin to metformin in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)." | 5.27 | Luseogliflozin improves liver fat deposition compared to metformin in type 2 diabetes patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A prospective randomized controlled pilot study. ( Fushimi, N; Hachiya, H; Ito, S; Kawai, H; Kawai, M; Mori, A; Ohashi, N; Shibuya, T; Yoshida, Y, 2018) |
| "This post hoc analysis assessed the effects on cardiovascular risk factors of body weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and triglycerides after 28 weeks' treatment with exenatide once weekly plus dapagliflozin, as compared with exenatide once weekly or dapagliflozin, in patient subpopulations from the DURATION-8 trial of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled with metformin alone." | 5.27 | Effects of exenatide once weekly plus dapagliflozin, exenatide once weekly, or dapagliflozin, added to metformin monotherapy, on body weight, systolic blood pressure, and triglycerides in patients with type 2 diabetes in the DURATION-8 study. ( Ahmed, A; Frías, JP; Guja, C; Hardy, E; Jabbour, SA; Öhman, P, 2018) |
| "Saxagliptin and metformin were comparably effective in regulating weight loss, glycemic control, and β-cell function, improving lipid profiles, and reducing inflammation in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with polycystic ovary syndrome." | 5.27 | Comparison of glycemic control and β-cell function in new onset T2DM patients with PCOS of metformin and saxagliptin monotherapy or combination treatment. ( Liu, W; Tao, T; Wang, Y; Wu, P, 2018) |
| " Although there is evidence for weight loss with metformin for people with obesity who are already taking clozapine, there have been no published trials that have investigated the effect of metformin in attenuating weight gain at the time of clozapine initiation." | 5.27 | CoMET: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial of co-commencement of METformin as an adjunctive treatment to attenuate weight gain and metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia newly commenced on clozapine. ( Baker, A; Flaws, D; Friend, N; Kisely, S; Lim, C; McGrath, JJ; Moudgil, V; Patterson, S; Russell, A; Sardinha, S; Siskind, D; Stedman, T; Suetani, S; Winckel, K, 2018) |
| "To study the effectiveness of exenatide with metformin and sequential treatment with exenatide and glargine added to metformin and their influence on insulin sensitivity and adipose distribution." | 5.27 | Exenatide with Metformin Ameliorated Visceral Adiposity and Insulin Resistance. ( Du, X; Hu, C; Lu, W; Lu, Z; Shao, X; Shi, B, 2018) |
| "We sought to determine whether insulin-sensitizing therapy (thiazolidinediones or metformin) decreased the risk of developing atrial fibrillation compared with insulin-providing therapy (insulin, sulfonylurea, or a meglitinide)." | 5.27 | Thiazolidinediones and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation Among Patients with Diabetes and Coronary Disease. ( Boothroyd, DB; Brooks, MM; Chaitman, BR; Hlatky, MA; Pallisgaard, JL; Perez, M, 2018) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes and recent acute coronary syndrome were randomized to alogliptin or placebo and standard of care." | 5.27 | Alogliptin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Receiving Metformin and Sulfonylurea Therapies in the EXAMINE Trial. ( Bergenstal, RM; Cannon, CP; Heller, SR; Howitt, H; Khunti, K; White, WB, 2018) |
| " Moreover, MET-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) needs to be considered and the incidence of MALA in patients with type 2 DM-TB coinfection remains unknown." | 5.27 | A case risk study of lactic acidosis risk by metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus tuberculosis coinfection patients. ( Mertaniasih, NM; Novita, BD; Pranoto, A; Soediono, EI, 2018) |
| " The RISE Pediatric Medication Study compared two approaches-glargine followed by metformin and metformin alone-in preserving or improving β-cell function in youth with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes during and after therapy withdrawal." | 5.27 | Impact of Insulin and Metformin Versus Metformin Alone on β-Cell Function in Youth With Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Recently Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes. ( , 2018) |
| "Empagliflozin/linagliptin as monotherapy or add-on to metformin for 52 weeks was well tolerated in patients with T2DM, with safety profiles similar to individual components, including a low risk of hypoglycemia." | 5.27 | Safety and Tolerability of Combinations of Empagliflozin and Linagliptin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Pooled Data from Two Randomized Controlled Trials. ( DeFronzo, RA; Kohler, S; Lee, C, 2018) |
| "We analyzed data from the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) for 2,476 adults in 1996-1999 with prediabetes randomized to receive treatment with lifestyle modification, metformin, or placebo for 2-3 years and followed through 2014 for T2DM and CVD outcomes." | 5.27 | Use of a Metabolic Syndrome Severity ( DeBoer, MD; Filipp, SL; Gurka, MJ, 2018) |
| " The BetaFat study compared gastric banding and metformin for their impact on β-cell function in adults with moderate obesity and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or recently diagnosed, mild T2D." | 5.27 | Impact of Gastric Banding Versus Metformin on β-Cell Function in Adults With Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Mild Type 2 Diabetes. ( Beale, E; Buchanan, TA; Chow, T; Hendee, F; Katkhouda, N; Martinez, M; Montgomery, C; Nayak, KS; Trigo, E; Wang, X; Wu, J; Xiang, AH, 2018) |
| "This is a randomized double-blind multi-center clinical trial of insulin plus metformin versus insulin plus placebo for the treatment of type 2 diabetes complicating pregnancy." | 5.27 | Rationale, design, and methods for the Medical Optimization and Management of Pregnancies with Overt Type 2 Diabetes (MOMPOD) study. ( Berry, DC; Boggess, K; de Los Angeles Abreu, M; Dorman, KF; Ivins, AR; Thomas, SD; Young, L, 2018) |
| " The aim of the study was to evaluate whether dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor alogliptin (ALO) alone or in combination with pioglitazone (PIO) improves β-cell function along with insulin resistance (IR) in metformin (MET) treated obese women with PCOS with persistent IR." | 5.24 | Add on DPP-4 inhibitor alogliptin alone or in combination with pioglitazone improved β-cell function and insulin sensitivity in metformin treated PCOS. ( Goricar, K; Janez, A; Jensterle, M, 2017) |
| "The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of gliclazide, liraglutide, and metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)." | 5.24 | Randomized trial comparing the effects of gliclazide, liraglutide, and metformin on diabetes with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. ( Bi, Y; Chen, W; Feng, W; Gao, C; Li, P; Shen, S; Wu, M; Yin, T; Zhu, D, 2017) |
| " to metformin monotherapy improved glycemic control over 104 weeks and was generally welltolerated with a low risk of hypoglycemia." | 5.24 | A randomized clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of the once-weekly dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor omarigliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin monotherapy. ( Ceesay, P; Engel, SS; Gantz, I; Inzucchi, SE; Kaufman, KD; Lai, E; Scarabello, V; Shankar, RR; Suryawanshi, S, 2017) |
| "001) and the average weight loss was 2 kg after 16 weeks' treatment of metformin." | 5.24 | The magnitude of weight loss induced by metformin is independently associated with BMI at baseline in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: Post-hoc analysis from data of a phase IV open-labeled trial. ( Cai, X; Han, X; Ji, L; Yang, W; Zhou, L, 2017) |
| "Vildagliptin effectively improved glucose level with a significantly greater reduction in glycemic variability and hypoglycemia than glimepiride in patients with T2DM ongoing metformin therapy." | 5.24 | The efficacy and safety of adding either vildagliptin or glimepiride to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Hur, KY; Jin, SM; Kim, G; Kim, JH; Lee, MK; Oh, S, 2017) |
| "Sixty-two metformin-treated obese subjects with prediabetes or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, were randomized to liraglutide (1." | 5.24 | Effects of Liraglutide on Weight Loss, Fat Distribution, and β-Cell Function in Obese Subjects With Prediabetes or Early Type 2 Diabetes. ( Angelucci, E; Bonadonna, RC; Cianfarani, S; Consoli, A; Davì, G; Di Castelnuovo, A; Federico, V; Guagnano, MT; Leo, M; Maccarone, MT; Manzoli, L; Santilli, F; Sborgia, C; Simeone, PG; Tartaro, A, 2017) |
| " The models can be used by overweight and obese adults with fasting hyperglycemia and impaired glucose tolerance to facilitate personalized decision-making by allowing them to explicitly weigh the benefits and feasibility of the lifestyle and metformin interventions." | 5.24 | Impact of Lifestyle and Metformin Interventions on the Risk of Progression to Diabetes and Regression to Normal Glucose Regulation in Overweight or Obese People With Impaired Glucose Regulation. ( Barrett-Connor, E; Dabelea, DM; Edelstein, SL; Herman, WH; Horton, E; Kahn, SE; Knowler, WC; Lorenzo, C; Mather, KJ; Pan, Q; Perreault, L; Pi-Sunyer, X; Venditti, E; Ye, W, 2017) |
| "In Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes treated with vildagliptin and low-dose metformin, metformin up-titration significantly but modestly improved glycemic control without hypoglycemia and weight gain." | 5.24 | Safety and efficacy of metformin up-titration in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with vildagliptin and low-dose metformin. ( Azuma, K; Goto, H; Ikeda, F; Kanazawa, A; Komiya, K; Masuyama, A; Mita, T; Ogihara, T; Ohmura, C; Osonoi, T; Osonoi, Y; Saito, M; Sato, J; Shimizu, T; Someya, Y; Suzuki, L; Takayanagi, N; Takeno, K; Uzawa, H; Watada, H, 2017) |
| "Both green tea and metformin are used as adjuvants to treat and prevent complications associated with obesity; however, studies comparing their action and interaction in non-diabetic overweight women have not been reported." | 5.24 | Green tea extract outperforms metformin in lipid profile and glycaemic control in overweight women: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. ( Alves Ferreira, M; Borges Botelho, P; Ferreira Stringhini, ML; Guimarães de Moraes, AP; Mota, JF; Oliveira Gomes, AP; Siqueira Guedes Coelho, A, 2017) |
| "Compared with glimepiride, Sita/Met as an initial treatment led to significantly greater improvements in glycemic control and body weight changes, with a lower incidence of hypoglycemia, over 30 weeks." | 5.24 | Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin/metformin fixed-dose combination compared with glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes: A multicenter randomized double-blind study. ( Chung, SC; Kim, IJ; Kim, SS; Kim, YI; Lee, KJ; Lee, SJ; Lee, YS; Park, JH, 2017) |
| " We examined the effect of the GLP-1 RA liraglutide on HRV and diurnal variation of HR in overweight patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) and stable coronary artery disease (CAD)." | 5.24 | Effects of Liraglutide on Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study. ( Anholm, C; Haugaard, SB; Kristiansen, O; Kumarathurai, P; Larsen, BS; Madsbad, S; Nielsen, OW; Olsen, RH; Sajadieh, A, 2017) |
| "Eight participants with type 2 diabetes and obesity, aged 7-16 years, non-medicated (n = 1) or treated with metformin (n = 7) and in some cases insulin (n = 3), followed a VLED (<3360 kJ/day) for 8 weeks, then transitioned to a hypocaloric diet (∼6300 kJ/day) that they followed to 34 weeks." | 5.24 | Reversal of type 2 diabetes in youth who adhere to a very-low-energy diet: a pilot study. ( Baur, LA; Cowell, CT; Garnett, SP; Gow, ML; Johnson, NA, 2017) |
| "Forty-one patients with type 2 diabetes and stable coronary artery disease were randomized to receive liraglutide or placebo to a backbone therapy of metformin in this double-blind, placebo-controlled 12 along with 12 weeks crossover study." | 5.24 | Effects of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes and stable coronary artery disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. ( Anholm, C; Fabricius-Bjerre, A; Haugaard, SB; Kristiansen, O; Kumarathurai, P; Madsbad, S; Nielsen, OW; Sajadieh, A, 2017) |
| "Metformin has been used in pregnancy since the 1970s." | 5.22 | Metformin for pregnancy and beyond: the pros and cons. ( Dunne, FP; Newman, C, 2022) |
| "Whether metformin is a protective factor of colorectal cancer (CRC) among CRC patients is still not entirely clear." | 5.22 | Effect of metformin use on the risk and prognosis of colorectal cancer in diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. ( Shi, M; Wang, Q, 2022) |
| " A significant reduction in homoeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was seen with exenatide versus metformin (MD: -0." | 5.22 | Impact of pharmacological interventions on insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ( Abdalla, MA; Al-Rifai, RH; Atkin, SL; Deshmukh, H; Östlundh, L; Sahebkar, A; Sathyapalan, T; Shah, N, 2022) |
| "Whether metformin reduces all-cause cardiovascular mortality and the incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remains inconclusive." | 5.22 | Association of Metformin with the Mortality and Incidence of Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Pre-existing Cardiovascular Diseases. ( Chang, ACY; Gu, C; Jiang, W; Li, T; Liu, M; Ma, H; Providencia, R; Yu, L, 2022) |
| "Metformin is a synthetic biguanide that improves insulin sensitivity and reduces hepatic gluconeogenesis." | 5.22 | Metformin in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Molecular Pathways and Its Clinical Implications. ( Ferreira-Hermosillo, A; García-Sáenz, M; Lobaton-Ginsberg, M, 2022) |
| "Compared with metformin, vildagliptin combined with metformin could significantly reduce FPG, HbA1c and body weight." | 5.22 | Efficacy and safety of combination therapy with vildagliptin and metformin vs. metformin monotherapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus therapy: a meta-analysis. ( Cao, L; Ding, Y; Dong, F; Li, Y; Lin, M; Lin, S; Liu, Y; Qu, Y, 2022) |
| "The aim of the meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was to compare the effectiveness of glycemic control and hypoglycemia risk of combination therapy (metformin plus a low hypoglycemic risk antidiabetic drug) vs." | 5.22 | Metformin plus a low hypoglycemic risk antidiabetic drug vs. metformin monotherapy for untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ( Chen, YJ; Cheng, CY; Hsu, CY; Hung, WT; Lee, M; Ovbiagele, B, 2022) |
| "Metformin, a molecule belonging to the biguanide family, represents one of the most commonly prescribed medications for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in the world." | 5.22 | Metformin: When Should We Fear Lactic Acidosis? ( Di Mauro, S; Filippello, A; Malaguarnera, R; Piro, S; Purrello, F; Scamporrino, A, 2022) |
| "The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE database was systematically searched on 12 April 2022, using the keywords metformin; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; and children to identify similar studies." | 5.22 | Advances in metformin for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children. ( Chen, JA; Huang, JS; Huang, ZH; Lai, JM; Lin, MH; Peng, JY; Wu, QL; Xie, ZC; Yuan, Y; Zeng, SX; Zhu, Z, 2022) |
| " One randomized clinical trial (RCT) (TODAY; n = 699 adolescents with obesity; mean age, 14 years) comparing metformin, metformin plus rosiglitazone, and metformin plus lifestyle intervention reported that 2 youths with recently diagnosed diabetes developed kidney impairment (0 vs 1 vs 1, respectively; P > ." | 5.22 | Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. ( Ali, R; Allison, BA; Baker, C; Jonas, DE; LeBlanc, ES; Middleton, JC; Riley, S; Vander Schaaf, EB; Voisin, CE, 2022) |
| " In these studies, metformin use was associated with higher risk of abdominal pain, diarrhea and nausea comparing to control." | 5.22 | Gastrointestinal adverse events of metformin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials. ( Gumprecht, J; Hendel, M; Irlik, K; Januszkiewicz, K; Kwiendacz, H; Lip, GYH; Nabrdalik, K; Skonieczna-Żydecka, K; Łoniewski, I, 2022) |
| "The strong evidence of metformin use in subjects affected by type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on health outcomes, together with data from pre-clinical studies, has led the gerontological research to study the therapeutic potential of such a drug as a slow-aging strategy." | 5.22 | A blast from the past: To tame time with metformin. ( Boccardi, V; Mecocci, P; Xenos, D, 2022) |
| " However, if used in excessive doses for patients with kidney disease, it will be contraindicated with side effects such as lactic acidosis." | 5.22 | Lactic Acidosis Associated with Metformin in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease. ( Rahman, F; Tuba, S, 2022) |
| "The views regarding the associations between metformin use and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among diabetes mellitus (DM) patients are divisive." | 5.22 | Impact of metformin use on risk and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma in diabetes mellitus. ( Li, Q; Sui, C; Xu, H; Zhang, H, 2022) |
| "gov for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared metformin to insulin in pregnancy." | 5.22 | The efficacy and safety of metformin alone or as an add-on therapy to insulin in pregnancy with GDM or T2DM: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 21 randomized controlled trials. ( Ge, J; Guo, Q; He, K; Jing, Z; Li, C; Li, J, 2022) |
| "Changes from baseline in HbA1c, body weight, and systolic blood pressure (BP) with canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg versus placebo or active comparator (i." | 5.22 | Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Latin America. ( Alba, M; Cerdas, S; Chacon, Mdel P; Eliaschewitz, FG; Lavalle-González, FJ; Tong, C, 2016) |
| "Dapagliflozin, a highly selective sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, reduces hyperglycemia, body weight, and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D)." | 5.22 | Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes after metformin failure: A randomized controlled trial. ( Han, P; Iqbal, N; Johnsson, E; Mansfield, T; Min, KW; Ptaszynska, A; T'Joen, C; Wang, B; Yang, W, 2016) |
| "5% decrease from baseline) with no weight gain and no hypoglycaemic events with alogliptin 12." | 5.22 | Comparison of alogliptin and glipizide for composite endpoint of glycated haemoglobin reduction, no hypoglycaemia and no weight gain in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Chaudhari, P; Del Prato, S; Fleck, P; Wilson, C, 2016) |
| "Changes in weight, waist circumference, estimated total body fat, index of central obesity and visceral adiposity index were assessed using analysis of covariance and testing of treatment by strata for age, sex and baseline waist circumference in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus randomized to blinded treatment with empagliflozin versus placebo in clinical trials of 12 weeks (cohort 1) or 24 weeks (cohort 2) duration." | 5.22 | Empagliflozin reduces body weight and indices of adipose distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Broedl, UC; Chilton, R; Crowe, S; Johansen, OE; Lund, SS; McGuire, DK; Neeland, IJ; Woerle, HJ, 2016) |
| "In the Carotid Atherosclerosis: Metformin for Insulin Resistance (CAMERA) study (NCT00723307), 173 individuals without Type 2 diabetes, but with coronary disease, were randomized to metformin (n=86) or placebo (n=87) for 18 months." | 5.22 | Effect of metformin therapy on circulating amino acids in a randomized trial: the CAMERA study. ( Ala-Korpela, M; Holman, RR; Kangas, AJ; Preiss, D; Rankin, N; Sattar, N; Soininen, P; Welsh, P; Würtz, P, 2016) |
| " Metformin was found to improve insulin sensitivity in hepatitis C patients, as well as to reduce elevated thyrotropin levels in patients with hypothyroidism." | 5.22 | The Effect of Metformin on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis Activity in Women with Interferon-Induced Hypothyroidism: A Pilot Study. ( Krysiak, R; Okopien, B; Szkrobka, W, 2016) |
| "Long-term use of metformin in DPPOS was associated with biochemical B12 deficiency and anemia." | 5.22 | Long-term Metformin Use and Vitamin B12 Deficiency in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. ( Aroda, VR; Bray, GA; Crandall, JP; Edelstein, SL; Goldberg, RB; Knowler, WC; Marcovina, SM; Orchard, TJ; Schade, DS; Temprosa, MG; White, NH, 2016) |
| "These results suggest that the effect of exenatide on weight loss may be related with the suppression of serum ghrelin levels, which is an orexigenic peptide." | 5.22 | Exenatide Treatment Causes Suppression of Serum Ghrelin Levels following Mixed Meal Test in Obese Diabetic Women. ( Cavun, S; Guclu, M; Gul, Z; Kisakol, G; Kiyici, S; Sigirli, D; Topyildiz, F, 2016) |
| "A total of 250 patients with type 2 diabetes who are drug-naïve or taking any anti-diabetic agents and suffering from chronic heart failure with a New York Heart Association classification I to III will be randomized centrally into either canagliflozin or glimepiride groups (1: 1) using the dynamic allocation method stratified by age (<65, ≥65 year), HbA1c level (<6." | 5.22 | Rationale and design of a randomized trial to test the safety and non-inferiority of canagliflozin in patients with diabetes with chronic heart failure: the CANDLE trial. ( Ako, J; Anzai, T; Eguchi, K; Inoue, T; Kitakaze, M; Murohara, T; Node, K; Oyama, J; Saito, Y; Sakata, Y; Sata, M; Sato, Y; Shimizu, W; Suzuki, M; Taguchi, I; Tanaka, A; Tomiyama, H; Ueda, S; Uematsu, M; Watada, H; Yamashina, A, 2016) |
| "Liraglutide provided better glycaemic control and greater body weight reduction than sitagliptin when administered as add-on to metformin." | 5.22 | Efficacy and safety of liraglutide versus sitagliptin, both in combination with metformin, in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: a 26-week, open-label, randomized, active comparator clinical trial. ( Bian, F; Bosch-Traberg, H; Geng, J; Li, Y; Liu, J; Liu, Y; Luo, Y; Lv, X; Mu, Y; Peng, Y; Sun, Y; Yang, J; Zang, L, 2016) |
| "The effects of a 1year period of intensive lifestyle change aimed at achieving 7% weight loss or metformin 850mg twice daily versus placebo on HDL-C were assessed in 3070 participants with impaired glucose tolerance, and on HDL particle concentration (HDL-P) and size in a subgroup of 1645 individuals." | 5.22 | Change in adiponectin explains most of the change in HDL particles induced by lifestyle intervention but not metformin treatment in the Diabetes Prevention Program. ( Bray, G; Goldberg, RB; Horton, E; Kitabchi, A; Krakoff, J; Marcovina, S; Mather, K; Mele, L; Orchard, T; Perreault, L; Temprosa, M; White, N, 2016) |
| "Our results show that Metformin and acupuncture combined therapy significantly improves body weight, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting insulin (FINS), homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), leptin, adiponectin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), resistin, serotonin, free fatty acids (FFAs), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) and ceramides." | 5.22 | Comparative evaluation of the therapeutic effect of metformin monotherapy with metformin and acupuncture combined therapy on weight loss and insulin sensitivity in diabetic patients. ( Firouzjaei, A; Li, GC; Liu, WX; Wang, N; Zhu, BM, 2016) |
| "Titrated canagliflozin significantly improved HbA1c, FPG, body weight and SBP, and was generally well tolerated over 26 weeks in patients with T2DM as add-on to metformin and sitagliptin." | 5.22 | Efficacy and safety of titrated canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin and sitagliptin. ( Aggarwal, N; Alba, M; Cao, A; Fung, A; Pfeifer, M; Rodbard, HW; Seufert, J, 2016) |
| "Teneligliptin co-administered with metformin produced significant reductions in HbA1c in patients with T2DM without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia." | 5.22 | The efficacy and safety of teneligliptin added to ongoing metformin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized study with open label extension. ( Bryson, A; Deak, L; Jennings, PE; Lawson, M; Paveliu, FS, 2016) |
| "To provide evidence-based options on how to intensify basal insulin, we explored head-to-head prandial interventions in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on basal insulin glargine with or without 1-3 oral antidiabetic agents (OADs)." | 5.22 | Prandial Options to Advance Basal Insulin Glargine Therapy: Testing Lixisenatide Plus Basal Insulin Versus Insulin Glulisine Either as Basal-Plus or Basal-Bolus in Type 2 Diabetes: The GetGoal Duo-2 Trial. ( Aronson, R; Gentile, S; Guerci, B; Hanefeld, M; Heller, S; Perfetti, R; Rosenstock, J; Roy-Duval, C; Souhami, E; Tinahones, FJ; Wardecki, M; Ye, J, 2016) |
| "To evaluate the effect of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on body composition, insulin sensitivity, oxidative metabolism and glycaemic control in aging men with lowered bioavailable testosterone (BioT) levels and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) controlled on metformin monotherapy." | 5.22 | Effect of testosterone on insulin sensitivity, oxidative metabolism and body composition in aging men with type 2 diabetes on metformin monotherapy. ( Andersen, M; Glintborg, D; Hermann, P; Hougaard, DM; Højlund, K; Magnussen, LV, 2016) |
| "Subjects insufficiently controlled with sitagliptin who switch to liraglutide can obtain clinically relevant reductions in glycaemia and body weight, without compromising safety." | 5.22 | Efficacy and safety of switching from sitagliptin to liraglutide in subjects with type 2 diabetes (LIRA-SWITCH): a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, active-controlled 26-week trial. ( Bailey, TS; Kaltoft, MS; Maislos, M; Rao, PV; Takács, R; Thomsen, AB; Tinahones, FJ; Tsoukas, GM, 2016) |
| "We previously reported that dapagliflozin versus placebo as add-on to saxagliptin plus metformin resulted in greater reductions in glycated haemoglobin (A1C), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and body weight (BW) after 24 weeks of treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D)." | 5.22 | Efficacy and safety of triple therapy with dapagliflozin add-on to saxagliptin plus metformin over 52 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Chen, H; Garcia-Sanchez, R; González González, JG; Hansen, L; Herrera Marmolejo, M; Iqbal, N; Johnsson, E; Mathieu, C, 2016) |
| "To evaluate the proportion of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) achieving reductions in both glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and body weight with canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, versus sitagliptin over 52 weeks." | 5.22 | Canagliflozin provides greater attainment of both HbA1c and body weight reduction versus sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Canovatchel, W; Davidson, JA; Jodon, H; Lavalle-González, FJ; Qiu, R; Schernthaner, G; Vijapurkar, U, 2016) |
| "Triple therapy with saxagliptin add-on to dapagliflozin plus metformin for 52 weeks resulted in sustained improvements in glycaemic control without an increase in body weight or increased risk of hypoglycaemia." | 5.22 | One-year efficacy and safety of saxagliptin add-on in patients receiving dapagliflozin and metformin. ( Aggarwal, N; Chen, H; Chin, A; Garcia-Hernandez, P; Hansen, L; Iqbal, N; Johnsson, E; Matthaei, S, 2016) |
| "The results of this trial will inform endocrinologists, obstetricians, family doctors, and other healthcare professionals caring for women with type 2 diabetes in pregnancy, as to the benefits of adding metformin to insulin in this high risk population." | 5.22 | Metformin in women with type 2 diabetes in pregnancy (MiTy): a multi-center randomized controlled trial. ( Armson, AB; Asztalos, E; Barrett, JF; Fantus, IG; Feig, DS; Lipscombe, LL; Murphy, K; Ohlsson, A; Ryan, EA; Sanchez, J; Tomlinson, G; Zinman, B, 2016) |
| "Linagliptin/metformin combination in newly diagnosed T2D patients with marked hyperglycemia was well tolerated and elicited substantial improvements in glycemic control regardless of baseline HbA1c, age, BMI, renal function, or race." | 5.22 | Linagliptin plus metformin in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and marked hyperglycemia. ( Bailes, Z; Caballero, AE; Del Prato, S; Gallwitz, B; Lewis-D'Agostino, D; Patel, S; Ross, SA; Thiemann, S; von Eynatten, M; Woerle, HJ, 2016) |
| "The percentage of patients experiencing any hypoglycemia event (ie, symptomatic event or event of plasma glucose concentration <54 mg/dL regardless of symptoms) was lower with saxagliptin compared with glimepiride (5." | 5.22 | Effects of Glimepiride versus Saxagliptin on β-Cell Function and Hypoglycemia: A Post Hoc Analysis in Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled with Metformin. ( Cook, W; Hirshberg, B; Ohman, P; Perl, S; Wei, C, 2016) |
| "To determine whether resveratrol supplementation can improve insulin sensitivity and promote overall metabolic health on top of standard diabetes care." | 5.22 | Resveratrol as Add-on Therapy in Subjects With Well-Controlled Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. ( de Ligt, M; Hansen, J; Hesselink, MK; Kunz, I; Moonen-Kornips, E; Phielix, E; Schaart, G; Schrauwen, P; Schrauwen-Hinderling, VB; Timmers, S; van de Weijer, T, 2016) |
| "A pilot randomized, controlled trial was conducted of metformin versus insulin for the treatment of T2DM during pregnancy." | 5.20 | A pilot randomized, controlled trial of metformin versus insulin in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus during pregnancy. ( Blackwell, SC; Gowen, R; Hutchinson, M; Pedroza, C; Ramin, S; Refuerzo, JS, 2015) |
| "This research was carried out to evaluate the chemopreventive effects of different doses of metformin treatment for 6 months on rectal aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)." | 5.20 | Effects of different doses of metformin treatment for 6 months on aberrant crypt foci in Chinese patients with impaired glucose tolerance. ( Chen, M; Chen, Y; Dai, Y; Li, Y; Wang, Y; Xie, H; Zhao, X, 2015) |
| " Women were randomized to intensive lifestyle change (ILS) with the goals of weight reduction of at least 7% of initial weight and 150 min per week of moderate-intensity exercise, metformin 850 mg twice a day, or placebo administered twice a day." | 5.20 | Weight loss increases follicle stimulating hormone in overweight postmenopausal women [corrected]. ( Barrett-Connor, E; Golden, SH; Kim, C; Kong, S; Labrie, F; Nan, B; Randolph, JF, 2015) |
| "Canagliflozin improved glycaemic control, reduced body weight and systolic blood pressure, and was generally well tolerated in patients aged 55-80 years with T2DM over 104 weeks." | 5.20 | Long-term efficacy and safety of canagliflozin over 104 weeks in patients aged 55-80 years with type 2 diabetes. ( Bode, B; Fung, A; Harris, S; Meininger, G; Stenlöf, K; Sullivan, D; Usiskin, K, 2015) |
| " Secondary goals examined albuminuria, age, race, sex, and metformin prescription." | 5.20 | Effects of sevelamer carbonate on advanced glycation end products and antioxidant/pro-oxidant status in patients with diabetic kidney disease. ( Poretsky, L; Striker, GE; Vlassara, H; Woodward, M; Yubero-Serrano, EM, 2015) |
| "Development of aleglitazar was halted because of a lack of cardiovascular efficacy and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-related side effects in patients with type 2 diabetes post-acute coronary syndrome; however, in the present studies, aleglitazar was well tolerated and effective in improving HbA1c, insulin resistance and lipid variables." | 5.20 | Efficacy, safety and tolerability of aleglitazar in patients with type 2 diabetes: pooled findings from three randomized phase III trials. ( Andjelkovic, M; Buse, JB; Durrwell, L; El Azzouzi, B; Henry, RR; Herz, M; Jaekel, K; Mingrino, R; Wu, H, 2015) |
| "In patients completing 4 years of treatment, dapagliflozin was well tolerated and associated with sustained glycaemic efficacy and greater reductions in body weight and SBP versus glipizide." | 5.20 | Long-term glycaemic response and tolerability of dapagliflozin versus a sulphonylurea as add-on therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: 4-year data. ( Del Prato, S; Durán-Garcia, S; Maffei, L; Nauck, M; Parikh, S; Rohwedder, K; Theuerkauf, A, 2015) |
| " This study examined the efficacy and safety of liraglutide monotherapy compared with metformin monotherapy in overweight/obese Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM)." | 5.20 | Efficacy and safety of liraglutide monotherapy compared with metformin in Japanese overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Atsumi, Y; Imai, T; Irie, J; Itoh, H; Kawai, T; Meguro, S; Morimoto, J; Saisho, Y; Shigihara, T; Takei, I; Tanaka, K; Tanaka, M; Yajima, K, 2015) |
| "Ertugliflozin (1-25 mg/day) improved glycaemic control, body weight and blood pressure in patients with T2DM suboptimally controlled on metformin, and was well tolerated." | 5.20 | Dose-ranging efficacy and safety study of ertugliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes on a background of metformin. ( Amin, NB; Jain, SM; Lee, DS; Nucci, G; Rusnak, JM; Wang, X, 2015) |
| "Diabetes Prevention Program participants in three treatment arms (intensive life style, metformin, placebo) were assessed for diabetes, glucose control, ADM use, and DS, measured using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)." | 5.20 | Depressive symptoms, antidepressant medication use, and new onset of diabetes in participants of the diabetes prevention program and the diabetes prevention program outcomes study. ( Barrett-Connor, E; Carnethon, MR; de Groot, M; Horton, ES; Knowler, WC; Ma, Y; Marrero, DG; Price, DW, 2015) |
| "To assess the effect of metformin and to compare it with insulin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes in pregnancy in terms of perinatal outcome, maternal complications, additional insulin requirement, and treatment acceptability." | 5.20 | Metformin treatment in type 2 diabetes in pregnancy: an active controlled, parallel-group, randomized, open label study in patients with type 2 diabetes in pregnancy. ( Ainuddin, JA; Ali, SS; Hasan, AA; Karim, N; Zaheer, S, 2015) |
| "To determine if metformin monotherapy or metformin in combination with insulin is equally effective as insulin monotherapy at glycemic control in diabetes mellitus in pregnancy among Ghanaians." | 5.20 | Metformin versus Insulin in the Management of Pre-Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital: A Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Adjepong-Yamoah, KK; Beyuo, T; Bugyei, KA; Marfoh, K; Obed, SA; Oppong, SA, 2015) |
| "5 mg, compared with daily insulin glargine without forced titration, demonstrated greater HbA1c reduction and weight loss, with a higher incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events and a lower risk of hypoglycemia." | 5.20 | Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Dulaglutide Versus Insulin Glargine in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes on Metformin and Glimepiride (AWARD-2). ( Benroubi, M; Giorgino, F; Pechtner, V; Sun, JH; Zimmermann, AG, 2015) |
| "The study included two age-, weight-, lipid-, and prolactin level-matched groups of premenopausal women with hypecholesterolemia and a history of hyperprolactinemia: patients treated with bromocriptine (5." | 5.20 | The Effect of Atorvastatin on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Bromocriptine-Treated Premenopausal Women with Isolated Hypercholesterolemia. ( Gilowski, W; Krysiak, R; Okopien, B; Szkrobka, W, 2015) |
| "Adding liraglutide to a basal insulin analogue ± metformin significantly improved glycaemic control, body weight and systolic blood pressure compared with placebo." | 5.20 | Efficacy and safety of liraglutide versus placebo added to basal insulin analogues (with or without metformin) in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. ( Ahmann, A; Boopalan, A; de Loredo, L; Lahtela, JT; Nauck, MA; Rodbard, HW; Rosenstock, J; Tornøe, K, 2015) |
| "We aim to assess the effect of metformin treatment on metabolic parameters, endothelial function and inflammatory markers in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) subjects." | 5.20 | Metformin modulates human leukocyte/endothelial cell interactions and proinflammatory cytokines in polycystic ovary syndrome patients. ( Alvarez, A; Bañuls, C; Diaz-Morales, N; Escribano-López, I; Gomez, M; Hernandez-Mijares, A; Lopez-Domenech, S; Rios-Navarro, C; Rocha, M; Rovira-Llopis, S; Victor, VM, 2015) |
| " This study was conducted as an exploratory analysis to clarify the effects of liraglutide, a GLP-1RA, on beta cell function, fat distribution and pancreas volume compared with metformin in Japanese overweight/obese patients with T2DM." | 5.20 | Effects of Liraglutide Monotherapy on Beta Cell Function and Pancreatic Enzymes Compared with Metformin in Japanese Overweight/Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Subpopulation Analysis of the KIND-LM Randomized Trial. ( Cobelli, C; Irie, J; Itoh, H; Jinzaki, M; Kawai, T; Manesso, E; Meguro, S; Saisho, Y; Sugiura, H; Tanaka, K; Tanaka, M, 2015) |
| "High blood glucose level, lipid profile disturbances and plasma homocysteine (Hcy) are important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes." | 5.20 | Effects of metformin plus gliclazide versus metformin plus glimepiride on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Abd-Allah, GM; Hassan, MH, 2015) |
| "Primary outcomes are clamp-derived glucose-stimulated C-peptide secretion and maximal C-peptide response to arginine during hyperglycemia." | 5.19 | Restoring Insulin Secretion (RISE): design of studies of β-cell preservation in prediabetes and early type 2 diabetes across the life span. ( , 2014) |
| "This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel-group study assessed the effects of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition by dapagliflozin on insulin sensitivity and secretion in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), who had inadequate glycemic control with metformin (with or without an insulin secretagogue)." | 5.19 | Changes in insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion with the sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin. ( Boden, G; Chalamandaris, AG; Duchesne, D; Henry, RR; Iqbal, N; List, J; Mudaliar, S; Smith, S, 2014) |
| "Saxagliptin + metformin was associated with fewer patients reporting hypoglycemia and fewer and less severe hypoglycemic events in those experiencing hypoglycemia compared with glipizide + metformin." | 5.19 | Saxagliptin versus glipizide as add-on therapy to metformin: assessment of hypoglycemia. ( Minervini, G; Mintz, ML, 2014) |
| "IDeg+Lira improved long-term glycaemic control, with weight loss and less hypoglycaemia versus adding a single daily dose of IAsp in patients with T2DM inadequately controlled with IDeg + metformin." | 5.19 | A comparison of adding liraglutide versus a single daily dose of insulin aspart to insulin degludec in subjects with type 2 diabetes (BEGIN: VICTOZA ADD-ON). ( Cariou, B; Handelsman, Y; Mathieu, C; Ocampo Francisco, AM; Philis-Tsimikas, A; Rana, A; Rodbard, HW; Zinman, B, 2014) |
| "This study evaluated change in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) associated with ongoing weight change among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with dapagliflozin, a highly selective sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor that lowers blood glucose by increasing urinary glucose excretion and is associated with body weight reductions." | 5.19 | Changes in weight loss-related quality of life among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with dapagliflozin. ( Grandy, S; Hashemi, M; Langkilde, AM; Parikh, S; Sjöström, CD, 2014) |
| "Both single-dose and chronic empagliflozin treatment caused glycosuria during fasting (median, 7." | 5.19 | Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients. ( Baldi, S; Broedl, UC; Ferrannini, E; Frascerra, S; Heise, T; Mari, A; Muscelli, E; Woerle, HJ, 2014) |
| " Using stored samples from this resource, we measured BMI, waist circumference (WC), an insulin sensitivity index (ISI; [1/HOMA-IR]) and NT-proBNP at baseline and at 2 years of follow-up in participants randomised to placebo (n = 692), intensive lifestyle intervention (n = 832) or metformin (n = 887)." | 5.19 | Circulating natriuretic peptide concentrations reflect changes in insulin sensitivity over time in the Diabetes Prevention Program. ( Barrett-Connor, E; Christophi, CA; Davis, J; Florez, JC; Goldberg, RB; Horton, E; Jarolim, P; Ma, Y; Mather, KJ; Walford, GA; Wang, TJ, 2014) |
| "Combining metformin and exercise is recommended for the treatment of insulin resistance." | 5.19 | Metformin does not attenuate the acute insulin-sensitizing effect of a single bout of exercise in individuals with insulin resistance. ( de Prada, MV; Fernández-Elías, VE; Hamouti, N; Martínez-Vizcaíno, V; Mora-Rodríguez, R; Ortega, JF, 2014) |
| "INT131 demonstrated dose-dependent reductions in HbA1c, equivalent to 45 mg pioglitazone, but with less fluid accumulation and weight gain, consistent with its SPPARM design." | 5.19 | Can a selective PPARγ modulator improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes with fewer side effects compared with pioglitazone? ( DePaoli, AM; Dunn, FL; Henry, RR; Higgins, LS; Mantzoros, C, 2014) |
| "Linagliptin as add-on therapy to metformin and pioglitazone produced significant and clinically meaningful improvements in glycaemic control, without an additional risk of hypoglycaemia or weight gain (Clinical Trials Registry No: NCT 00996658)." | 5.19 | Linagliptin improved glycaemic control without weight gain or hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by a combination of metformin and pioglitazone: a 24-week randomized, double-blind study. ( Bajaj, M; Gilman, R; Kempthorne-Rawson, J; Lewis-D'Agostino, D; Patel, S; Woerle, HJ, 2014) |
| " We evaluated the following variables: BMI; glycaemic control; fasting plasma insulin; homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index; fasting plasma proinsulin; glucagon; lipid profile; adiponectin; high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; interleukin-6; and tumour necrosis factor-α." | 5.19 | Comparison of vildagliptin and glimepiride: effects on glycaemic control, fat tolerance and inflammatory markers in people with type 2 diabetes. ( Bianchi, L; Bonaventura, A; D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Fogari, E; Maffioli, P; Romano, D, 2014) |
| "To evaluate the effects of vildagliptin compared to glimepiride on glycemic control, insulin resistance and post-prandial lipemia." | 5.19 | Vildagliptin compared to glimepiride on post-prandial lipemia and on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. ( Bianchi, L; Bonaventura, A; D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Fogari, E; Maffioli, P; Romano, D, 2014) |
| "In obese, difficult-to-treat patients with T2DM inadequately controlled on high MDI insulin doses, empagliflozin improved glycemic control and reduced weight without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia and with lower insulin requirements." | 5.19 | Improved glucose control with weight loss, lower insulin doses, and no increased hypoglycemia with empagliflozin added to titrated multiple daily injections of insulin in obese inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes. ( Broedl, UC; Frappin, G; Jelaska, A; Kim, G; Rosenstock, J; Salsali, A; Woerle, HJ, 2014) |
| " The end points for β- and α-cell function were change from baseline in C-peptide, insulin, and glucagon areas under the curve from 0 to 180 min (AUC0-180), insulinogenic index, and insulin sensitivity from Matsuda index after a mixed meal." | 5.19 | Saxagliptin improves glycemic control by modulating postprandial glucagon and C-peptide levels in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Hirshberg, B; Iqbal, N; Lu, J; Sjöstrand, M, 2014) |
| "5% (48 mmol/mol) from 8 to 33%, a rapid reduction in alanine aminotransferase (∼10 units/L), and weight loss (2%) in metformin-cotreated patients." | 5.19 | Efficacy and safety of oral methazolamide in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. ( Chambers, J; Krippner, G; MacGinley, R; Nicholson, GC; Orford, N; Phillips, G; Proietto, J; Sanders, KM; Sarah, A; Simpson, RW; Skoff, K; Wacher, VJ; Walder, K, 2014) |
| "Diabetes prevention program (DPP) participants (N = 3,819, of whom 3,356 were genotyped for baseline and 3,234 for longitudinal analyses) were randomized into intensive lifestyle modification (diet, exercise, weight loss), metformin or placebo control." | 5.17 | Variation at the melanocortin 4 receptor gene and response to weight-loss interventions in the diabetes prevention program. ( Delahanty, LM; Florez, JC; Franks, PW; Jablonski, KA; Kahn, SE; Knowler, WC; Pan, Q, 2013) |
| "Alogliptin monotherapy maintained glycaemic control comparable to that of glipizide in elderly patients with T2DM over 1 year of treatment, with substantially lower risk of hypoglycaemia and without weight gain." | 5.17 | Alogliptin versus glipizide monotherapy in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with mild hyperglycaemia: a prospective, double-blind, randomized, 1-year study. ( Fleck, P; Rosenstock, J; Wilson, C, 2013) |
| "During the first 6 months, metformin plus rosiglitazone exhibited a significantly greater improvement in insulin sensitivity and oDI versus metformin alone and versus metformin plus lifestyle; these improvements were sustained over 48 months of TODAY." | 5.17 | Effects of metformin, metformin plus rosiglitazone, and metformin plus lifestyle on insulin sensitivity and β-cell function in TODAY. ( , 2013) |
| " Effective improvement of postprandial hyperglycemia was demonstrated by a meal-loading test in all three interventions but serum insulin concentration was not increased by miglitol." | 5.17 | Concomitant use of miglitol and mitiglinide as initial combination therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Anno, T; Hashiramoto, M; Hirukawa, H; Kaku, K; Kanda-Kimura, Y; Kawasaki, F; Kimura, T; Matsuki, M; Mune, T; Shimoda, M; Tatsumi, F; Tawaramoto, K, 2013) |
| " Patients also underwent a combined euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic, and hyperglycemic clamp with subsequent arginine stimulation to assess insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion." | 5.17 | Variation in inflammatory markers and glycemic parameters after 12 months of exenatide plus metformin treatment compared with metformin alone: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. ( Carbone, A; Ciccarelli, L; Derosa, G; Fogari, E; Franzetti, IG; Maffioli, P; Piccinni, MN; Querci, F, 2013) |
| "Canagliflozin improved glycaemia and reduced body weight vs placebo (week 26) and sitagliptin (week 52) and was generally well tolerated in patients with type 2 diabetes on metformin." | 5.17 | Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin compared with placebo and sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes on background metformin monotherapy: a randomised trial. ( Canovatchel, W; Davidson, J; Januszewicz, A; Lavalle-González, FJ; Meininger, G; Qiu, R; Tong, C, 2013) |
| "This analysis included 8,192 overweight patients with type 2 diabetes from the Sibutramine Cardiovascular Outcomes (SCOUT) trial randomized to lifestyle intervention with or without sibutramine for up to 6 years." | 5.17 | Association of hypoglycemic treatment regimens with cardiovascular outcomes in overweight and obese subjects with type 2 diabetes: a substudy of the SCOUT trial. ( Andersson, C; Caterson, I; Coutinho, W; Finer, N; Ghotbi, AA; James, WP; Køber, L; Sharma, AM; Torp-Pedersen, C; Van Gaal, LF, 2013) |
| "The glucose-lowering efficiency of combination therapy with metformin + vildagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, was comparable with that of a metformin + SU combination, but safer with respect to the risk of developing hypoglycemia." | 5.17 | [A combination of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor and metformin in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: effective control of glycemia, weight, and quantitative body composition]. ( Aleksandrov, AA; Chernova, TO; Dedov, II; Il'in, AV; Shestakova, MV; Shmushkovich, IA; Suhareva, OIu, 2013) |
| "To compare the efficacy of metformin with insulin in the management of pregnancy with diabetes." | 5.17 | Efficacy of metformin versus insulin in the management of pregnancy with diabetes. ( Malik, FP; Mazhar, SB; Waheed, S, 2013) |
| "Compared with metformin, exenatide is better to control blood glucose, reduces body weight and improves hepatic enzymes, attenuating NAFLD in patients with T2DM concomitant with NAFLD." | 5.17 | Exenatide improves type 2 diabetes concomitant with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. ( Fan, H; Pan, Q; Xu, Y; Yang, X, 2013) |
| "These results show that in obese patients with type 2 diabetes, DPP-4 inhibitors treatment in combination with metformin was associated with improvements in glycaemic control, and a reduction in body weight." | 5.17 | The effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in treatment of obese patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Coric, J; Dizdarevic-Bostandzic, A; Djelilovic-Vranic, J; Izetbegovic, S; Karamehic, J; Macic-Dzankovic, A; Panjeta, M; Velija-Asimi, Z, 2013) |
| "Metformin should be considered for treatment of overt diabetes and early A2 gestational diabetes in pregnancy." | 5.17 | Metformin compared with insulin in the treatment of pregnant women with overt diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. ( Boggess, KA; Hickman, MA; McBride, R; Strauss, R, 2013) |
| " We compared the long-term effects of glipizide and metformin on the major cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetic patients who had a history of coronary artery disease (CAD)." | 5.17 | Effects of metformin versus glipizide on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. ( Cui, L; Dong, Y; Hong, J; Lai, S; Li, H; Liu, C; Lv, A; Ning, G; Shen, J; Shen, W; Su, Q; Tang, W; Wang, D; Wang, W; Wu, G; Zhang, Y; Zhao, J; Zhou, Z; Zhu, D; Zou, D, 2013) |
| "In patients with type 2 diabetes, empagliflozin resulted in dose-dependent, clinically meaningful reductions in HbA1c and FPG, and reductions in body weight compared with placebo." | 5.17 | A Phase IIb, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Ferrannini, E; Hantel, S; Pinnetti, S; Seewaldt-Becker, E; Seman, L; Woerle, HJ, 2013) |
| "Physical activity or metformin enhances insulin sensitivity and opposes the progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes." | 5.16 | Independent and combined effects of exercise training and metformin on insulin sensitivity in individuals with prediabetes. ( Braun, B; Chipkin, SR; Gerber, R; Malin, SK, 2012) |
| "Exenatide is an analogue of GLP1 designed to improve the glycemic control in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes." | 5.16 | [Metabolic control and weight loss in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, treated with exenatide]. ( Ferrer Gómez, M; García Zafra, MV; Hellín Gil, MD; Pujante Alarcón, P; Román, LM; Tébar Massó, J, 2012) |
| "In youth with recent-onset T2DM treated with metformin, glycemic control, as measured by HbA1c, appears to be associated with residual β-cell function and not insulin sensitivity." | 5.16 | Determinants of glycemic control in youth with type 2 diabetes at randomization in the TODAY study. ( Arslanian, S; Bacha, F; Caprio, S; Cuttler, L; Goland, R; Haymond, M; Levitsky, L; Lynch, J; Nadeau, K; Pyle, L; Weinstock, RS; White, NH, 2012) |
| "Metformin produced weight loss and delayed or prevented diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP)." | 5.16 | Long-term safety, tolerability, and weight loss associated with metformin in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. ( , 2012) |
| "Canagliflozin added onto metformin significantly improved glycemic control in type 2 diabetes and was associated with low incidence of hypoglycemia and significant weight loss." | 5.16 | Dose-ranging effects of canagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, as add-on to metformin in subjects with type 2 diabetes. ( Aggarwal, N; Arbit, D; Canovatchel, W; Capuano, G; Polidori, D; Rosenstock, J; Usiskin, K; Zhao, Y, 2012) |
| "The addition of vildagliptin to metformin gave a better improvement of glycemic control, insulin resistance, and β-cell function compared with metformin alone." | 5.16 | Vildagliptin added to metformin on β-cell function after a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic and hyperglycemic clamp in type 2 diabetes patients. ( Bianchi, L; Bonaventura, A; Carbone, A; Cicero, AF; Derosa, G; Fogari, E; Maffioli, P; Ragonesi, PD; Romano, D, 2012) |
| "Eligible patients 10 to 17 years of age were treated with metformin (at a dose of 1000 mg twice daily) to attain a glycated hemoglobin level of less than 8% and were randomly assigned to continued treatment with metformin alone or to metformin combined with rosiglitazone (4 mg twice a day) or a lifestyle-intervention program focusing on weight loss through eating and activity behaviors." | 5.16 | A clinical trial to maintain glycemic control in youth with type 2 diabetes. ( Arslanian, S; Copeland, K; Cuttler, L; Hirst, K; Kaufman, F; Linder, B; Nathan, DM; Pyle, L; Tollefsen, S; Wilfley, D; Zeitler, P, 2012) |
| "To examine the effects of canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor that lowers blood glucose by increasing urinary glucose excretion (UGE), on asymptomatic bacteriuria and urinary tract infections (UTIs)." | 5.16 | Effect of canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, on bacteriuria and urinary tract infection in subjects with type 2 diabetes enrolled in a 12-week, phase 2 study. ( Capuano, G; Nicolle, LE; Usiskin, K; Ways, K, 2012) |
| "We plan to prospectively investigate the effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition with vildagliptin on a number of atherothrombotic markers and adipokines in patients with proven atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes." | 5.16 | Effects of a vildagliptin/metformin combination on markers of atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and inflammation in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease. ( Fisman, EZ; Goldenberg, I; Klempfner, R; Leor, J; Tenenbaum, A, 2012) |
| "To evaluate the impact on glycemic control, insulin resistance, and insulin secretion of sitagliptin+metformin compared to metformin in type 2 diabetic patients." | 5.16 | Effects of a combination of sitagliptin plus metformin vs metformin monotherapy on glycemic control, β-cell function and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. ( Bianchi, L; Bonaventura, A; Carbone, A; Cicero, AF; Derosa, G; Fogari, E; Franzetti, I; Maffioli, P; Querci, F; Romano, D, 2012) |
| " However, vildagliptin induced better circadian glycaemic control than sitagliptin with a significant decrease on overall hyperglycemia, mainly driven by reduction on basal hyperglycaemia." | 5.16 | Continuous glucose profiles with vildagliptin versus sitagliptin in add-on to metformin: results from the randomized Optima study. ( Colette, C; Dejager, S; Guerci, B; Huet, D; Monnier, L; Petit, C; Quéré, S; Raccah, D; Serusclat, P; Valensi, P, 2012) |
| "Exenatide demonstrated more beneficial effects on HbA(1C), weight reduction and insulin resistance during 26 weeks of treatment, but there were more hypoglycemic events and mild-to-moderate nausea compared with metformin." | 5.16 | Efficacy and tolerability of exenatide monotherapy in obese patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a randomized, 26 weeks metformin-controlled, parallel-group study. ( Gao, Y; Guo, XH; Huang, YY; Song, WL; Yuan, GH, 2012) |
| "This study evaluated the effect of metformin glycinate on glycated hemoglobin A1c (A1C) concentration and insulin sensitivity in drug-naive adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 5.16 | Effect of metformin glycinate on glycated hemoglobin A1C concentration and insulin sensitivity in drug-naive adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Barrera-Durán, C; González-Canudas, J; González-Ortiz, M; Martínez-Abundis, E; Ramos-Zavala, MG; Robles-Cervantes, JA, 2012) |
| "The use of metformin throughout gestation by women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly reduces the number of first-trimester spontaneous abortions and the rate of occurrence of gestational diabetes and hypertensive syndromes." | 5.16 | Effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the pharmacokinetics of metformin in obese pregnant women. ( Cavalli, RC; de Jesus Antunes, N; de Jesus Ponte Carvalho, TM; de Oliveira Baraldi, C; Duarte, G; Lanchote, VL; Moisés, EC, 2012) |
| "To evaluate the impact on glycemic control, insulin secretion and on insulin resistance of a sitagliptin + metformin combination compared to metformin monotherapy in type 2 diabetic, naïve to treatment, patients." | 5.16 | A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluating sitagliptin action on insulin resistance parameters and β-cell function. ( Carbone, A; Cicero, AF; D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Fogari, E; Maffioli, P; Querci, F, 2012) |
| "Both rosiglitazone/metformin combination therapy and metformin monotherapy decreased serum vaspin levels through glucose and insulin sensitivity regulation, while they exerted differential effects on adiponectin, IL-6 and other cardiovascular risk factors in drug-naïve patients with T2DM." | 5.15 | Effects of rosiglitazone/metformin fixed-dose combination therapy and metformin monotherapy on serum vaspin, adiponectin and IL-6 levels in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Kadoglou, NP; Kapelouzou, A; Liapis, CD; Sailer, N; Tsanikidis, H; Vitta, I, 2011) |
| "In metformin-treated patients, exenatide BID was noninferior to PIA for glycemic control but superior for hypoglycemia and weight control." | 5.15 | Exenatide twice daily versus premixed insulin aspart 70/30 in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized 26-week study on glycemic control and hypoglycemia. ( Bachmann, O; Becker, B; Böhmer, M; Gallwitz, B; Helsberg, K; Milek, K; Mölle, A; Peters, N; Petto, H; Segiet, T, 2011) |
| " Liraglutide provides greater sustained glycaemic control and body weight reduction over 52 weeks." | 5.15 | One year of liraglutide treatment offers sustained and more effective glycaemic control and weight reduction compared with sitagliptin, both in combination with metformin, in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, parallel-group, open-label trial. ( Bailey, T; Cuddihy, R; Davies, M; Filetti, S; Garber, A; Hartvig, H; Montanya, E; Nauck, M; Pratley, R; Thomsen, AB, 2011) |
| "Measures of β-cell function and insulin sensitivity from an OGTT showed more favorable changes over time with rosiglitazone versus metformin or glyburide." | 5.15 | Effects of rosiglitazone, glyburide, and metformin on β-cell function and insulin sensitivity in ADOPT. ( Aftring, RP; Haffner, SM; Herman, WH; Holman, RR; Kahn, SE; Kravitz, BG; Lachin, JM; Paul, G; Viberti, G; Zinman, B, 2011) |
| " This study investigates the impact of a pioglitazone plus metformin therapy on biomarkers of inflammation and platelet activation in comparison to a treatment with glimepiride plus metformin." | 5.15 | The fixed combination of pioglitazone and metformin improves biomarkers of platelet function and chronic inflammation in type 2 diabetes patients: results from the PIOfix study. ( Forst, T; Fuchs, W; Hohberg, C; Lehmann, U; Löbig, M; Müller, J; Musholt, PB; Pfützner, A; Schöndorf, T, 2011) |
| "The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exenatide compared to glimepiride on body weight, glycemic control and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients taking metformin." | 5.15 | Exenatide or glimepiride added to metformin on metabolic control and on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. ( Bonaventura, A; Bossi, AC; Derosa, G; Fogari, E; Franzetti, IG; Guazzini, B; Maffioli, P; Putignano, P; Querci, F; Testori, G, 2011) |
| "Metformin and rosiglitazone combination therapy is known to improve insulin resistance and postpone diabetes mellitus development in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance." | 5.15 | Effects of metformin and rosiglitazone on peripheral insulin resistance and β-cell function in obesity: a double-blind, randomized, controlled study. ( Li, D; Li, X; Li, Y; Ming, J; Shi, Y; Xie, Y; Zhang, N, 2011) |
| "The study population included women in premenopause (n = 708), women in natural postmenopause (n = 328), and women with bilateral oophorectomy (n = 201) in the Diabetes Prevention Program, a randomized placebo-controlled trial of lifestyle intervention and metformin among glucose-intolerant adults." | 5.15 | Menopause and risk of diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program. ( Barrett-Connor, E; Crandall, JP; Dabelea, D; Edelstein, SL; Foulkes, MA; Hamman, RF; Kim, C; Kitabchi, AE; Montez, MG; Perreault, L, 2011) |
| "The aim of his study was to compare the efficacy of pioglitazone with metformin on the reduction of albuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension and microalbuminuria treated with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RAS-Is)." | 5.15 | Pioglitazone reduces urinary albumin excretion in renin-angiotensin system inhibitor-treated type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension and microalbuminuria: the APRIME study. ( Haneda, M; Ishizeki, K; Itoh, H; Iwashima, Y; Miura, T; Morikawa, A; Muto, E; Oshima, E; Sekiguchi, M; Yokoyama, H, 2011) |
| " Pioglitazone treatment (n = 10) reduced hepatic fat as assessed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, despite a significant increase in body weight (Δ = 3." | 5.15 | Exenatide decreases hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 resistance in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a mouse model of obesity and in a randomised controlled trial. ( Bajaj, M; Chan, L; Gonzalez, EV; Gutierrez, A; Jogi, M; Krishnamurthy, R; Muthupillai, R; Samson, SL; Sathyanarayana, P, 2011) |
| "There is no evidence that the use of contrast media (CM) in diabetic patients with serum creatinine <130 μmole/L leads to metformin accumulation and subsequent lactic acidosis." | 5.15 | Monitoring metformin in cardiac patients exposed to contrast media using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry. ( Al Babtain, MA; Al Taweel, ES; Al-Amri, HS; Al-Moghairi, AM; Aloudah, NM; Radwan, MA, 2011) |
| "Dapagliflozin, a novel inhibitor of renal sodium-glucose cotransporter 2, allows an insulin-independent approach to improve type 2 diabetes hyperglycemia." | 5.14 | Sodium-glucose cotransport inhibition with dapagliflozin in type 2 diabetes. ( Fiedorek, FT; List, JF; Morales, E; Tang, W; Woo, V, 2009) |
| "Circulating levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined in 59 women with polycystic ovary syndrome, of whom 37 were retested after receiving metformin for 6 weeks and 6 months, to ascertain the response of these inflammatory markers to weight loss and insulin sensitization." | 5.14 | Determinants of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein vary in polycystic ovary syndrome, as do effects of short- and long-term metformin therapy. ( Conway, GS; Mohamed-Ali, V; Tsilchorozidou, T, 2009) |
| "Metformin has had a 'black box' contraindication in diabetic patients with heart failure (HF), but many believe it to be the treatment of choice in this setting." | 5.14 | Metformin treatment in diabetes and heart failure: when academic equipoise meets clinical reality. ( Eurich, DT; Johnson, JA; Lewanczuk, R; Majumdar, SR; McAlister, FA; Shibata, MC; Tsuyuki, RT, 2009) |
| "To test whether a portion control diet could prevent weight gain during treatment with pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 5.14 | Pioglitazone treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus when combined with portion control diet modifies the metabolic syndrome. ( Bray, GA; Greenway, FL; Gupta, AK; Smith, SR, 2009) |
| "Metformin treatment prevented weight gain (mean weight gain, -3." | 5.14 | Long-term effects of metformin on metabolism and microvascular and macrovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Bets, D; de Jager, J; Donker, AJ; Kooy, A; Lehert, P; Stehouwer, CD; Wulffelé, MG, 2009) |
| "In T2DM patients, pioglitazone was associated with improvement in some measures of left ventricular diastolic function, myocardial glucose uptake, and whole-body insulin sensitivity." | 5.14 | Pioglitazone improves cardiac function and alters myocardial substrate metabolism without affecting cardiac triglyceride accumulation and high-energy phosphate metabolism in patients with well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Bax, JJ; de Jong, HW; de Roos, A; Diamant, M; Heine, RJ; Kamp, O; Lamb, HJ; Lammertsma, AA; Lubberink, M; Paulus, WJ; Rijzewijk, LJ; Romijn, JA; Smit, JW; van der Meer, RW, 2009) |
| "This study assessed the efficacy of adding metformin to a structured lifestyle intervention in reducing BMI in obese adolescents with insulin resistance." | 5.14 | Metformin in combination with structured lifestyle intervention improved body mass index in obese adolescents, but did not improve insulin resistance. ( Baker, JE; Clark, HE; Clarson, CL; Hill, DJ; Mahmud, FH; McKay, WM; Schauteet, VD, 2009) |
| "OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of short-term metformin and fenofibrate treatment, administered alone or in sequence, on glucose and lipid metabolism, cardiovascular risk factors, and monocyte cytokine release in type 2 diabetic patients with mixed dyslipidemia." | 5.14 | Pleiotropic action of short-term metformin and fenofibrate treatment, combined with lifestyle intervention, in type 2 diabetic patients with mixed dyslipidemia. ( Krysiak, R; Okopien, B; Pruski, M, 2009) |
| "To study if metformin, when administered to first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects who have metabolic syndrome and normal glucose tolerance, could improve the cardiovascular risk profile and reduce the levels of both C-reactive protein and fibrinogen." | 5.14 | Short-term treatment with metformin improves the cardiovascular risk profile in first-degree relatives of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have a metabolic syndrome and normal glucose tolerance without changes in C-reactive protein or fibrinogen ( Bouskela, E; Kraemer-Aguiar, LG; Lima, LM; Wiernsperger, N, 2009) |
| "To evaluate subclinical inflammation and fibrinolysis in low-risk type 2 diabetic subjects and to assess the efficacy of metformin and rosiglitazone in this group." | 5.14 | Soluble CD40 ligand, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor-1-antigen in normotensive type 2 diabetic subjects without diabetic complications. Effects of metformin and rosiglitazone. ( Akinci, B; Bayraktar, F; Comlekci, A; Demir, T; Ozcan, MA; Yener, S; Yesil, S; Yuksel, F, 2009) |
| "Addition of rosiglitazone to glucose-lowering therapy in people with type 2 diabetes is confirmed to increase the risk of heart failure and of some fractures, mainly in women." | 5.14 | Rosiglitazone evaluated for cardiovascular outcomes in oral agent combination therapy for type 2 diabetes (RECORD): a multicentre, randomised, open-label trial. ( Beck-Nielsen, H; Curtis, PS; Gomis, R; Hanefeld, M; Home, PD; Jones, NP; Komajda, M; McMurray, JJ; Pocock, SJ, 2009) |
| "The acute and long-term effects of metformin on thyroid axis hormones were assessed in diabetic patients with primary hypothyroidism who were either untreated or treated with levothyroxine (L-T4), as well as in diabetic patients with normal thyroid function." | 5.14 | TSH-lowering effect of metformin in type 2 diabetic patients: differences between euthyroid, untreated hypothyroid, and euthyroid on L-T4 therapy patients. ( Agabiti-Rosei, E; Agosti, B; Cappelli, C; Castellano, M; Chiovato, L; Cimino, A; De Martino, E; Gandossi, E; Pirola, I; Rotondi, M; Valentini, U, 2009) |
| " Vildagliptin provided additional HbA(1c) lowering to that achieved with metformin alone and comparable to that achieved with pioglitazone, with only pioglitazone causing weight gain." | 5.14 | Comparison of vildagliptin and pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin. ( Bolli, G; Colin, L; Dotta, F; Goodman, M; Minic, B, 2009) |
| "The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme-1 (IDPP-1) showed that lifestyle modification (LSM) and metformin were effective for primary prevention of diabetes in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)." | 5.14 | Changes in insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in relation to the glycemic outcomes in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance in the Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme-1 (IDPP-1). ( Mary, S; Nanditha, A; Ramachandran, A; Sathish Kumar, CK; Selvam, S; Shetty, SB; Snehalatha, C, 2009) |
| "In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial, drug-naïve patients with type 2 DM will be randomized 1 : 1 to metformin + colesevelam HCl or metformin + matching placebo, while those with prediabetes will be randomized 1 : 1 to colesevelam HCl or placebo, for 16 weeks of treatment." | 5.14 | Rationale and design of a clinical trial to evaluate metformin and colesevelam HCl as first-line therapy in type 2 diabetes and colesevelam HCl in prediabetes. ( Abby, SL; Hernandez-Triana, E; Jin, X; Jones, MR; Lai, YL; Misir, S; Mudaliar, S; Nagendran, S; Unnikrishnan, AG, 2009) |
| "The BIGPRO1 trial was a 1-year multicentre, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial of metformin versus placebo, carried out in the early 1990s, in 457 upper-body obese non-diabetic subjects with no cardiovascular diseases or contraindications to metformin." | 5.14 | Effects of 1-year treatment with metformin on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in non-diabetic upper-body obese subjects with mild glucose anomalies: a post-hoc analysis of the BIGPRO1 trial. ( Baccara-Dinet, M; Charles, MA; Diouf, I; Eschwege, E; Fontbonne, A, 2009) |
| "Rosiglitazone treatment was associated with durable reductions in CRP independent of changes in insulin sensitivity, A1C, and weight gain." | 5.14 | Rosiglitazone decreases C-reactive protein to a greater extent relative to glyburide and metformin over 4 years despite greater weight gain: observations from a Diabetes Outcome Progression Trial (ADOPT). ( Haffner, SM; Herman, WH; Holman, RR; Kahn, SE; Kravitz, BG; Lachin, JM; Paul, G; Viberti, G; Yu, D; Zinman, B, 2010) |
| " The modest weight loss with metformin was maintained." | 5.14 | 10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. ( Brenneman, AT; Brown-Friday, JO; Christophi, CA; Fowler, SE; Goldberg, R; Hamman, RF; Hoffman, HJ; Knowler, WC; Nathan, DM; Venditti, E, 2009) |
| "The aim of this study was to determine whether a relatively low dose of pioglitazone or metformin was effective in diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome." | 5.14 | Comparative study of low-dose pioglitazone or metformin treatment in Japanese diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome. ( Hayakawa, N; Itoh, M; Kanayama, H; Katada, N; Kato, T; Oda, N; Sawai, Y; Suzuki, A; Taguchi, H; Taki, F; Terabayashi, T; Yamada, K; Yamazaki, Y, 2009) |
| "The aim of the study was to compare the effects of the addition of sitagliptin or metformin to pioglitazone monotherapy in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on body weight, glycemic control, beta-cell function, insulin resistance, and inflammatory state parameters." | 5.14 | Effects of sitagliptin or metformin added to pioglitazone monotherapy in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. ( Ciccarelli, L; Cicero, AF; D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Ferrari, I; Franzetti, IG; Gadaleta, G; Maffioli, P; Piccinni, MN; Querci, F; Ragonesi, PD; Salvadeo, SA, 2010) |
| "To investigate the preventive action of metformin for atherosclerosis (AS) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 5.14 | [Primary preventive effect of metformin upon atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus]. ( Ba, Y; Bai, R; Du, JL; Jia, YJ; Men, LL; Xing, Q; Yang, Y; Zhang, XY, 2009) |
| "Study the effects of exenatide (EXE) plus rosiglitazone (ROSI) on beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity using hyperglycemic and euglycemic insulin clamp techniques in participants with type 2 diabetes on metformin." | 5.14 | Effects of exenatide plus rosiglitazone on beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity in subjects with type 2 diabetes on metformin. ( DeFronzo, RA; Glass, LC; Lewis, MS; Maggs, D; Qu, Y; Triplitt, C, 2010) |
| "The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pioglitazone or metformin on bone mass and atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes." | 5.14 | Baseline atherosclerosis parameter could assess the risk of bone loss during pioglitazone treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Kanazawa, I; Kurioka, S; Sugimoto, T; Yamaguchi, T; Yamamoto, M; Yamauchi, M; Yano, S, 2010) |
| " The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of exenatide compared to glibenclamide on body weight, glycemic control, beta-cell function, insulin resistance, and inflammatory state in patients with diabetes." | 5.14 | Exenatide versus glibenclamide in patients with diabetes. ( Ciccarelli, L; Cicero, AF; D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Ferrari, I; Franzetti, IG; Gadaleta, G; Maffioli, P; Piccinni, MN; Querci, F; Ragonesi, PD; Salvadeo, SA, 2010) |
| "Pioglitazone was associated with a rapid increase in body weight and an increase in diurnal proximal sodium reabsorption, without any change in renal haemodynamics or in the modulation of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system to changes in salt intake." | 5.14 | Effects of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist pioglitazone on renal and hormonal responses to salt in diabetic and hypertensive individuals. ( Burnier, M; Deleaval, P; Jornayvaz, FR; Maillard, M; Nussberger, J; Pechere-Bertschi, A; Vinciguerra, M; Zanchi, A, 2010) |
| "In this double-blind, randomised controlled trial undertaken in clinics in Canadian centres, 207 patients with impaired glucose tolerance were randomly assigned to receive combination rosiglitazone (2 mg) and metformin (500 mg) twice daily or matching placebo for a median of 3." | 5.14 | Low-dose combination therapy with rosiglitazone and metformin to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus (CANOE trial): a double-blind randomised controlled study. ( Gerstein, HC; Hanley, AJ; Harris, SB; Neuman, J; Qi, Y; Raboud, J; Retnakaran, RR; Zinman, B, 2010) |
| "Vildagliptin add-on has similar efficacy to glimepiride after 2 years' treatment, with markedly reduced hypoglycaemia risk and no weight gain." | 5.14 | Vildagliptin add-on to metformin produces similar efficacy and reduced hypoglycaemic risk compared with glimepiride, with no weight gain: results from a 2-year study. ( Ahren, B; Couturier, A; Dejager, S; Ferrannini, E; Foley, JE; Fonseca, V; Matthews, DR; Zinman, B, 2010) |
| "To compare the effect of addition of pioglitazone and acarbose to sulphonylureas and metformin therapy on metabolic parameters and on markers of endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation in type 2 diabetic patients." | 5.14 | Effect of pioglitazone and acarbose on endothelial inflammation biomarkers during oral glucose tolerance test in diabetic patients treated with sulphonylureas and metformin. ( Cicero, AF; D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Ferrari, I; Fogari, E; Gravina, A; Maffioli, P; Mereu, R; Palumbo, I; Randazzo, S; Salvadeo, SA, 2010) |
| "As compared with the patients receiving insulin monotherapy, the patients taking metformin alone or in combination showed a more effective recovery of carbohydrate and lipid metabolic disturbances, diminished insulin resistance (IR), lowered blood pressure and albuminuria, reduced diastolic dysfunction, and a smaller cardiovascular risk." | 5.14 | [Capabilities of hypoglycemic therapy in women with decompensated type 2 diabetes mellitus]. ( Elsukova, OS; Onuchin, SG; Onuchina, EL; Solov'ev, OV, 2010) |
| "Our first specific aim in an observational study of 431 nondiabetic women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), aged >or=20 years and with >or=11 months follow-up on metformin diet, was to prospectively assess relationships between pretreatment glucose and insulin resistance (IR) and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or gestational diabetes (GD)." | 5.13 | An observational study of reduction of insulin resistance and prevention of development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women with polycystic ovary syndrome treated with metformin and diet. ( Glueck, CJ; Goldenberg, N; Sieve, L; Wang, P, 2008) |
| "We investigated whether or not "low dose" metformin could prevent weight gain induced by pioglitazone." | 5.13 | Effects of pretreatment with low-dose metformin on metabolic parameters and weight gain by pioglitazone in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Atsumi, Y; Funae, O; Hirata, T; Itoh, H; Kawai, T; Shimada, A; Tabata, M, 2008) |
| "Despite improvements in insulin sensitivity and glycemic regulation, either pioglitazone or metformin treatment did not result in any effect on blood visfatin levels in patients with treatment naïve T2DM." | 5.13 | The effects of pioglitazone and metformin on plasma visfatin levels in patients with treatment naive type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Bozoglu, E; Dogru, T; Ercin, CN; Erdem, G; Muhsiroglu, O; Sonmez, A; Tapan, S; Tasci, I, 2008) |
| " pioglitazone on measures of beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity as well as cardiac load." | 5.13 | Differences in effects of insulin glargine or pioglitazone added to oral anti-diabetic therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: what to add--insulin glargine or pioglitazone? ( Dorkhan, M; Frid, A; Groop, L, 2008) |
| "Treatment with pioglitazone was associated with significant improvements of lipid and glycemic parameters that are linked to insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk in patients with T2DM in their routine clinical care." | 5.13 | [Six-month effectiveness and tolerability of pioglitazone in combination with sulfonylureas or metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus]. ( Mesa, J; Polavieja, P; Reviriego, J; Rodríguez, A, 2008) |
| "7), 439 patients (40%) who received treatment with diet alone, diet followed by metformin or metformin alone demonstrated a maintained weight reduction in addition to improved glycaemic control." | 5.13 | Weight changes in type 2 diabetes and the impact of gender. ( McKenna, MJ; McKenna, TJ; O'Shea, D; Tuthill, A, 2008) |
| "While exenatide treatment provided similarly effective glycemic control compared with insulin analogue therapy, it was also associated with weight reduction in the majority of subjects (73." | 5.13 | Effects of exenatide versus insulin analogues on weight change in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a pooled post-hoc analysis. ( Bergenstal, RM; Brodows, R; Gates, JR; Glass, LC; Kim, D; Lenox, S; Qu, Y; Trautmann, M, 2008) |
| "Effects of metformin and pioglitazone on body weight are clearly different." | 5.13 | Metformin, but not pioglitazone, decreases postchallenge plasma ghrelin levels in type 2 diabetic patients: a possible role in weight stability? ( Horie, H; Ishibashi, S; Kusaka, I; Nagasaka, S, 2008) |
| "Six hundred and ninety-four consecutive overweight and obese type 2 diabetic patients were evaluated and 56 patients were intolerant to metformin at maximum dosage." | 5.13 | Rosiglitazone therapy improves insulin resistance parameters in overweight and obese diabetic patients intolerant to metformin. ( Ciccarelli, L; Cicero, AF; D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Ferrari, I; Fogari, E; Gravina, A; Maffioli, P; Piccinni, MN; Ragonesi, PD; Salvadeo, SA, 2008) |
| "In subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) who participated in the Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme (IDPP), abnormalities related to body mass index, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), lipid profile and electrocardiography were analysed (at baseline and third-year follow-up) in control, lifestyle modification (LSM), metformin (MET) and LSM + MET groups." | 5.13 | Beneficial effects of strategies for primary prevention of diabetes on cardiovascular risk factors: results of the Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme. ( Joshi, VV; Mary, S; Ramachandran, A; Snehalatha, C, 2008) |
| "To investigate the effects of extended-release metformin (MXR) compared with immediate-release metformin (MIR) on post-prandial glycaemic excursion, chronic glycaemia, lipid profiles, insulin resistance and islet function in type 2 diabetes." | 5.13 | The metabolic effects of once daily extended-release metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a multicentre study. ( Gao, H; Hong, T; Wang, C; Xiao, W; Yang, J; Yang, W; Yang, Y; Zhang, J, 2008) |
| "To provide the specific weight loss outcomes for African-American, Hispanic, and white men and women in the lifestyle and metformin treatment arms of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) by race-gender group to facilitate researchers translating similar interventions to minority populations, as well as provide realistic weight loss expectations for clinicians." | 5.13 | Weight loss of black, white, and Hispanic men and women in the Diabetes Prevention Program. ( Bursac, Z; Elaine Prewitt, T; Felix, HC; West, DS, 2008) |
| "Aim of the investigation was to study safety of therapy with metformin and its effect on clinical, hemodynamic, functional and neurohumoral status in patients with chronic heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus DM)." | 5.13 | [Efficacy and safety of the use of metformin in patients with chronic heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus. results of the study "rational effective mulicomponent therapy in the battle against diabetes mellitus in patients with chronic heart failure ( Arzamastseva, NE; Baklanova, NA; Belenkov, IuN; Bolotina, MG; Lapina, IuV; Litonova, GN; Mareev, VIu; Masenko, VP; Narusov, OIu; Shestakova, MV, 2008) |
| "To review the current evidence for the use of metformin in pregnancy for women with type 2 diabetes." | 5.12 | Metformin in Pregnancy for Women with Type 2 Diabetes: a Review. ( Benham, JL; Donovan, LE; Yamamoto, JM, 2021) |
| " Metformin is known to decrease insulin resistance and is also associated with weight loss." | 5.12 | Postpartum Use of Weight Loss and Metformin for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a Review of the Evidence. ( Ayala, NK; Werner, EF; Whelan, AR, 2021) |
| " Metformin, which is widely prescribed for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, regulates blood sugar by inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis and promoting insulin sensitivity to facilitate glucose uptake by cells." | 5.12 | New Insight into the Effects of Metformin on Diabetic Retinopathy, Aging and Cancer: Nonapoptotic Cell Death, Immunosuppression, and Effects beyond the AMPK Pathway. ( Cheng, KC; Chiu, CC; Hsu, SK; Lin, YH; Mgbeahuruike, MO; Sheu, SJ; Wang, HD; Wu, CY; Yen, CH, 2021) |
| " Observational studies assessing the correlation between metformin use and mortality in patients with sepsis and DM were considered eligible studies." | 5.12 | Association of Preadmission Metformin Use and Prognosis in Patients With Sepsis and Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ( Ding, X; Duan, Y; Guo, Y; Li, Y; Zhao, H, 2021) |
| "Metformin is considered a safe anti-hyperglycemic drug for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, information on its impact on heart failure-related outcomes remains inconclusive." | 5.12 | Metformin and heart failure-related outcomes in patients with or without diabetes: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. ( Dludla, PV; Gabuza, KB; Johnson, R; Louw, J; Mazibuko-Mbeje, SE; Mokgalaboni, K; Muller, CJF; Mxinwa, V; Nkambule, BB; Nyambuya, TM; Orlando, P; Silvestri, S; Tiano, L, 2021) |
| "Metformin as first-line treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 D) shows benefits in terms of reducing cardiovascular events, but the risk of a lactic acidosis as a serious adverse event especially in patients with decreased renal function is still relevant." | 5.12 | [Metformin Therapy During Surgical Interventions and Iodinated Contrast Agent Use]. ( Eisert, A; Freitag, M; Masur, S, 2021) |
| " If insufficient in monotherapy, it can preferably be used in combination with metformin, which targets insulin resistance, and also in combination with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition, thiazolidinediones and insulin, which target other mechanisms." | 5.12 | Glucose-lowering action through targeting islet dysfunction in type 2 diabetes: Focus on dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition. ( Ahrén, B, 2021) |
| " Therefore, this study assessed the effect of sitagliptin as monotherapy and add-on therapy to metformin on weight reduction in overweight or obese cases with type 2 diabetes." | 5.12 | Effects of Sitagliptin as Monotherapy and Add-On to Metformin on Weight Loss among Overweight and Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ( Bamehr, H; Janani, L; Mirzabeigi, P; Montazeri, H; Tanha, K; Tarighi, P, 2021) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients have a lower risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and its comorbidities, which might be associated with the usage of metformin." | 5.12 | The Protective Effect of Metformin on Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ( Cai, Z; Heng, Z; Lu, Y; Wei, J; Yuan, Z, 2021) |
| " For this reason, we investigated circulating bioactive lipopolysaccharide and the effects of changing insulin action-after treatment with an insulin sensitizer (metformin)-on circulating BPI in subjects with glucose intolerance." | 5.12 | Natural antibiotics and insulin sensitivity: the role of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein. ( Biarnés, J; Fernández-Real, JM; Gubern, C; López-Bermejo, A; Ricart, W; Vendrell, J, 2006) |
| "To assess whether metformin prevents body weight gain (BWG) and metabolic dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia who are treated with olanzapine." | 5.12 | Metformin for prevention of weight gain and insulin resistance with olanzapine: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. ( Arapé, Y; Baptista, T; Beaulieu, S; de Mendoza, S; Hernández, L; Lacruz, A; Martínez, J; Martinez, M; Rangel, N; Serrano, A; Teneud, L, 2006) |
| "We concluded that metformin improved vascular endothelial reactivity in first-degree relatives with metabolic syndrome of type 2 diabetic patients, independently of its known antihyperglycemic effects." | 5.12 | Metformin improves endothelial vascular reactivity in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome and normal glucose tolerance. ( Bahia, LR; Bottino, D; Bouskela, E; de Aguiar, LG; Laflor, C; Sicuro, F; Villela, N; Wiernsperger, N, 2006) |
| "Topiramate was effective for weight reduction and improvement in glycemic control in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin monotherapy." | 5.12 | Efficacy and safety of topiramate in combination with metformin in the treatment of obese subjects with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. ( Fitchet, M; Gorska, M; Hamann, A; Masson, E; Moore, R; Sun, X; Toplak, H; Vercruysse, F, 2007) |
| "For patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, combined treatment with metformin and rosiglitazone or pioglitazone is safe and effective, However, the pioglitazone combination also reduced the plasma Lp(a) levels whereas the rosiglitazone combination did not." | 5.12 | Metformin-pioglitazone and metformin-rosiglitazone effects on non-conventional cardiovascular risk factors plasma level in type 2 diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome. ( Ciccarelli, L; Cicero, AF; D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Ferrari, I; Gravina, A; Montagna, L; Paniga, S; Piccinni, MN; Pricolo, F; Ragonesi, PD; Salvadeo, SA, 2006) |
| "This study was designed to assess the usefulness of a model-based index of insulin sensitivity during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in the identification of possible changes in this metabolic parameter produced by pharmacological agents known to be potent insulin sensitizers, that is metformin (M) and thiazolidinedione (T)." | 5.12 | Insulin sensitivity during oral glucose tolerance test and its relations to parameters of glucose metabolism and endothelial function in type 2 diabetic subjects under metformin and thiazolidinedione. ( Hanusch-Enserer, U; Kautzky-Willer, A; Ludvik, B; Pacini, G; Prager, R; Tura, A; Wagner, OF; Winzer, C, 2006) |
| "To test the hypothesis that rosiglitazone combined with metformin provides a greater reduction in microalbuminuria and blood pressure than metformin and glyburide at comparable levels of glycemic control." | 5.12 | Rosiglitazone reduces microalbuminuria and blood pressure independently of glycemia in type 2 diabetes patients with microalbuminuria. ( Bakris, GL; Freed, MI; Heise, MA; McMorn, SO; Porter, LE; Ruilope, LM; Weston, WM, 2006) |
| "Pioglitazone therapy appears to be better in achieving glycaemic control and increasing plasma adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in newly detected type 2 diabetics." | 5.12 | Effects of pioglitazone and metformin on plasma adiponectin in newly detected type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Bhansali, A; Malhotra, S; Pandhi, P; Sharma, PK; Sialy, R, 2006) |
| "Height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, and skinfolds were measured at baseline in 3234 participants enrolled in a randomized clinical trial to treat individuals with impaired glucose tolerance with placebo, metformin, or a lifestyle modification program." | 5.12 | Relationship of body size and shape to the development of diabetes in the diabetes prevention program. ( , 2006) |
| "Metformin therapy is safe and effective in abrogating weight gain, decreased insulin sensitivity, and abnormal glucose metabolism resulting from treatment of children and adolescents with atypicals." | 5.12 | A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of metformin treatment of weight gain associated with initiation of atypical antipsychotic therapy in children and adolescents. ( Barton, BA; Cottingham, EM; Klein, DJ; Morrison, JA; Sorter, M, 2006) |
| " The aim of the present study was to assess the differential effect on glycaemic metabolism and lipid variables of the combination of metformin plus pioglitazone or metformin plus rosiglitazone in diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome." | 5.12 | Metabolic effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in patients with diabetes and metabolic syndrome treated with metformin. ( Ciccarelli, L; Cicero, AF; D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Ferrari, I; Gravina, A; Montagna, L; Paniga, S; Piccinni, MN; Pricolo, F; Ragonesi, PD; Salvadeo, SA, 2007) |
| " The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) recruited and randomized individuals with impaired glucose tolerance to treatment with placebo, metformin, or lifestyle modification." | 5.12 | Body size and shape changes and the risk of diabetes in the diabetes prevention program. ( Barrett-Connor, E; Bray, GA; Fujimoto, WY; Haffner, S; Hanson, R; Hill, JO; Hubbard, V; Jablonski, KA; Kriska, A; Pi-Sunyer, FX; Stamm, E, 2007) |
| " However, body weight, waist circumference, fasting serum levels of insulin and C-peptide were lower and less number of patients experienced hypoglycaemia during treatment with metformin vs." | 5.12 | Targeting hyperglycaemia with either metformin or repaglinide in non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes: results from a randomized crossover trial. ( Frandsen, M; Lund, SS; Parving, HH; Pedersen, O; Schalkwijk, CG; Smidt, UM; Stehouwer, CD; Tarnow, L; Vaag, A, 2007) |
| "Glimepiride reduced A1C similarly to metformin with greater weight gain, and there was comparable safety over 24 weeks in the treatment of pediatric subjects with type 2 diabetes." | 5.12 | Glimepiride versus metformin as monotherapy in pediatric patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, single-blind comparative study. ( Cara, JF; Danne, T; Gottschalk, M; Vlajnic, A, 2007) |
| "In patients with diabetes and hypertension not taking insulin sensitizers, the use of metoprolol tartrate resulted in a worsening of insulin resistance, an effect not seen with carvedilol." | 5.12 | Differential effect of beta-blocker therapy on insulin resistance as a function of insulin sensitizer use: results from GEMINI. ( Anderson, KM; Bakris, GL; Bell, DS; Fonseca, V; Katholi, RE; Lukas, MA; McGill, JB; Messerli, FH; Phillips, RA; Raskin, P; Waterhouse, B; Wright, JT, 2007) |
| "To investigate the relative role of the adiponectin and leptin in the insulin resistance (IR) and obesity we studied plasma levels of these adipocytokines in obese and insulin resistant postmenopausal (PM) females with type 2 diabetes (DM2) during 6 months of Metformin therapy." | 5.12 | Effect of metformin therapy on plasma adiponectin and leptin levels in obese and insulin resistant postmenopausal females with type 2 diabetes. ( Adamia, N; Charkviani, N; Khutsishvili, M; Skhirtladze, M; Virsaladze, D, 2007) |
| "A recent meta-analysis raised concern regarding an increased risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes associated with rosiglitazone treatment of type 2 diabetes." | 5.12 | Rosiglitazone evaluated for cardiovascular outcomes--an interim analysis. ( Beck-Nielsen, H; Gomis, R; Hanefeld, M; Home, PD; Jones, NP; Komajda, M; McMurray, JJ; Pocock, SJ, 2007) |
| "Our findings suggest that metformin might reduce the rates or severity of liver dysfunction in selected high-risk adolescents." | 5.12 | Liver dysfunction in paediatric obesity: a randomized, controlled trial of metformin. ( Freemark, M, 2007) |
| " The addition of biphasic or prandial insulin aspart reduced levels more than the addition of basal insulin detemir but was associated with greater risks of hypoglycemia and weight gain." | 5.12 | Addition of biphasic, prandial, or basal insulin to oral therapy in type 2 diabetes. ( Davies, MJ; Farmer, AJ; Holman, RR; Keenan, JF; Levy, JC; Paul, S; Thorne, KI, 2007) |
| "We tested the effect-modifying role of Pro12Ala on the 1 year change in obesity-related traits in a randomised clinical trial of treatment with metformin (n = 989), troglitazone (n = 363) or lifestyle modification (n = 1,004) vs placebo (n = 1,000) for diabetes prevention in high-risk individuals." | 5.12 | The Pro12Ala variant at the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene and change in obesity-related traits in the Diabetes Prevention Program. ( Altshuler, D; Delahanty, L; Florez, JC; Franks, PW; Hanson, RL; Jablonski, KA; Kahn, SE; Knowler, WC, 2007) |
| "The aim of this study was to evaluate whether and to what extent fenofibrate (F), metformin (M) or a combination of these drugs improve characteristics of the metabolic syndrome (MetS)." | 5.12 | Normalization of metabolic syndrome using fenofibrate, metformin or their combination. ( Kastelein, JJ; Nieuwdorp, M; Stroes, ES, 2007) |
| " Objective To prospectively evaluate if administration of metformin to obese, diabetic patients with primary hypothyroidism on stable thyroxine replacement doses modifies TSH levels." | 5.12 | Metformin reduces thyrotropin levels in obese, diabetic women with primary hypothyroidism on thyroxine replacement therapy. ( Cordido, F; Isidro, ML; Nemiña, R; Penín, MA, 2007) |
| " Through its effect on RBP4 expression in adipocytes, metformin may improve total insulin sensitivity in obese individuals including those with MS and delay the onset of manifest DM." | 5.12 | [Serum level of retinol-binding protein 4 in obese patients with insulin resistance and in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin]. ( Donicová, V; Ivancová, G; Petrovicová, J; Semanová, Z; Tajtáková, M; Zemberová, E, 2007) |
| "Blood pressure, body mass, glycemia and blood lipids, hyperinsulinemia, fat mass were studied in 30 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and hypertension on metformine treatment in a dose 1500 mg/day." | 5.12 | [Metabolic and hemodynamic effects of combined treatment with metformine and rosiglitasone (avandium) in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and high cardiovascular risk]. ( Demidova, TIu; Erokhina, EN, 2007) |
| "Based on the known effect of metformin (MET) in improving insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes, with the scope to focus the effects on glycaemic and free fatty acids (FFA) levels, we studied the effects of a short-term treatment with this drug in obese subjects and obese patients with diabetes or family history of diabetes (FHD)." | 5.11 | Effects of short-term metformin treatment on insulin sensitivity of blood glucose and free fatty acids. ( Belfiore, F; Bellomia, D; Camuto, M; Cavaleri, A; Iannello, S; Milazzo, P; Pisano, MG, 2004) |
| "To evaluate the effect of PIO monotherapy and in combination therapy with sulfonylurea (SU) or metformin (MET) on insulin sensitivity as assessed by HOMA-S and QUICKI in a large group of patients (approximately 1000)." | 5.11 | Pioglitazone as monotherapy or in combination with sulfonylurea or metformin enhances insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S or QUICKI) in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Gilmore, KJ; Glazer, NB; Johns, D; Tan, MH; Widel, M, 2004) |
| " Twenty-seven patients (26 male, 1 female, aged 48-68 years) with T2DM and microalbuminuria were treated with folic acid 10 mg daily for 3 months." | 5.11 | The effect of oral folic acid on glutathione, glycaemia and lipids in Type 2 diabetes. ( Brain, AM; Child, DF; Davies, GK; De, P; Harvey, JN; Hudson, PR; Jones, H; Mukherjee, S; Williams, CP, 2004) |
| "Both rosiglitazone and metformin increase hepatic insulin sensitivity, but their mechanism of action has not been compared in humans." | 5.11 | Effects of rosiglitazone and metformin on liver fat content, hepatic insulin resistance, insulin clearance, and gene expression in adipose tissue in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Häkkinen, AM; Korsheninnikova, E; Mäkimattila, S; Nyman, T; Tiikkainen, M; Yki-Järvinen, H, 2004) |
| "Metformin improves insulin sensitivity, which is correlated to phospholipid fatty acid composition in obese type 2 diabetics." | 5.11 | Effect of metformin vs. placebo treatment on serum fatty acids in non-diabetic obese insulin resistant individuals. ( Christophe, AB; Feyen, E; Giri, M; Rodríguez, Y, 2004) |
| " Metformin and pioglitazone had beneficial effects on lipid levels, improved insulin sensitivity and improved insulin secretion also." | 5.11 | Use of glimepiride and insulin sensitizers in the treatment of type 2 diabetes--a study in Indians. ( Ramachandran, A; Salini, J; Snehalatha, C; Vijay, V, 2004) |
| "To measure the effect of metformin on the body composition, insulin resistance and sensitivity in subjects with risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM)." | 5.11 | Effects of metformin on the body composition in subjects with risk factors for type 2 diabetes. ( Gutiérrez-Rosas, MJ; López-Carmona, JM; Robles-López, G; Rodríguez-Moctezuma, JR, 2005) |
| "Metformin was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1995 subject to the conduct of a randomized trial to evaluate the risk of lactic acidosis or other serious adverse events (SAEs) with this agent, under usual care conditions." | 5.11 | Comparative outcomes study of metformin intervention versus conventional approach the COSMIC Approach Study. ( Cryer, DR; Henry, DH; Mills, DJ; Nicholas, SP; Stadel, BV, 2005) |
| "Orlistat, in combination with a reduced calorie diet and a weight management programme, promotes weight loss and clinically relevant improvements in glycaemic control and other cardiovascular risk factors in obese patients with Type 2 diabetes." | 5.11 | A randomized study of orlistat in combination with a weight management programme in obese patients with Type 2 diabetes treated with metformin. ( Berne, C, 2005) |
| "To test the effect of continuing metformin on weight gain and glycaemic control in patients with poorly controlled Type 2 diabetes who need to start insulin." | 5.11 | Continuing metformin when starting insulin in patients with Type 2 diabetes: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. ( Allen, SE; Bingley, PJ; Douek, IF; Ewings, P; Gale, EA, 2005) |
| "To evaluate the differential effect on coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters of combination therapy with glimepiride-metformin and with rosiglitazone-metformin beyond their effect on glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome." | 5.11 | Antithrombotic effects of rosiglitazone-metformin versus glimepiride-metformin combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. ( Ciccarelli, L; Cicero, AF; Derosa, G; Ferrari, I; Gaddi, AV; Ghelfi, M; Peros, E; Piccinni, MN; Salvadeo, S, 2005) |
| "Despite their comparable glycaemic effects in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), pioglitazone and metformin may have different effects on insulin sensitivity because they have different mechanisms of action." | 5.11 | Long-term effects of pioglitazone and metformin on insulin sensitivity in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Johns, D; Laakso, M; Mariz, S; Richardson, C; Roden, M; Tan, MH; Urquhart, R; Widel, M, 2005) |
| " As diabetes and hypertension share common ground in insulin resistance, the aim of this study was to evaluate if Rosiglitazone (RSG) may exert antihypertensive properties." | 5.11 | Rosiglitazone effects on blood pressure and metabolic parameters in nondipper diabetic patients. ( Dazzi, D; Hassan, H; Mangieri, T; Negro, R; Pezzarossa, A, 2005) |
| "Metformin and rosiglitazone treatment improved glycemic control, but only rosiglitazone increased whole-body insulin sensitivity." | 5.11 | Rosiglitazone treatment increases subcutaneous adipose tissue glucose uptake in parallel with perfusion in patients with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind, randomized study with metformin. ( Ferrannini, E; Hällsten, K; Iozzo, P; Järvisalo, MJ; Lönnqvist, F; Nuutila, P; Parkkola, R; Rönnemaa, T; Viljanen, AP; Virtanen, KA, 2005) |
| "The primary aim of the present study was to compare the effect of long-term (12-month) combination treatment with glimepiride or rosiglitazone plus metformin on blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2) and the metabolic syndrome." | 5.11 | Long-term effects of glimepiride or rosiglitazone in combination with metformin on blood pressure control in type 2 diabetic patients affected by the metabolic syndrome: a 12-month, double-blind, randomized clinical trial. ( Ciccarelli, L; Cicero, AF; Derosa, G; Ferrari, I; Fogari, E; Fogari, R; Gaddi, AV; Ghelfi, M; Piccinni, MN; Pricolo, F; Salvadeo, S, 2005) |
| "Pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione, improves glycemic control primarily by increasing peripheral insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes, whereas metformin, a biguanide, exerts its effect primarily by decreasing hepatic glucose output." | 5.10 | Effect of pioglitazone compared with metformin on glycemic control and indicators of insulin sensitivity in recently diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Festa, A; Gyimesi, A; Herz, M; Jermendy, G; Johns, D; Kerenyi, Z; Pavo, I; Schluchter, BJ; Shestakova, M; Shoustov, S; Tan, MH; Varkonyi, TT, 2003) |
| "The objective of this study was to examine the effect of the antihyperglycemic agents metformin (insulin sensitizer) and glibenclamide (insulin secretory agent) on the serum level of C-reactive protein (CRP) in well-controlled type 2 diabetics with metabolic syndrome." | 5.10 | Effect of metformin and sulfonylurea on C-reactive protein level in well-controlled type 2 diabetics with metabolic syndrome. ( Akbar, DH, 2003) |
| " Changes in A1C, fasting plasma glucose, fructosamine, serum lipids, body weight, and 2-h postprandial glucose after a standardized meal were assessed after 16 wk of treatment." | 5.10 | Efficacy of glyburide/metformin tablets compared with initial monotherapy in type 2 diabetes. ( Bruce, S; Dandona, P; Donovan, DS; Garber, AJ; Park, JS, 2003) |
| "in patients with type 2 diabetes failing on metformin or a sulfonylurea, Mix25+M provided similar overall glycemic control, lower ppPG, reduced nocturnal hypoglycemia, and fewer hyperglycemic symptoms compared to G+M." | 5.10 | Therapy after single oral agent failure: adding a second oral agent or an insulin mixture? ( Beattie, SD; Campaigne, BN; Howard, AS; Johnson, PA; Malone, JK; Milicevic, Z, 2003) |
| "Over 13 weeks, both repaglinide and gliclazide, when combined with bedtime NPH insulin produce similar significant improvements in glycaemic control (-1%) and similar weight gain." | 5.10 | Comparison of repaglinide vs. gliclazide in combination with bedtime NPH insulin in patients with Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with oral hypoglycaemic agents. ( Furlong, NJ; Hardy, KJ; Hulme, SA; O'Brien, SV, 2003) |
| "We randomly assigned 3234 nondiabetic persons with elevated fasting and post-load plasma glucose concentrations to placebo, metformin (850 mg twice daily), or a lifestyle-modification program with the goals of at least a 7 percent weight loss and at least 150 minutes of physical activity per week." | 5.10 | Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. ( Barrett-Connor, E; Fowler, SE; Hamman, RF; Knowler, WC; Lachin, JM; Nathan, DM; Walker, EA, 2002) |
| "The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of orlistat, a gastrointestinal lipase inhibitor, on body weight, glycemic control, and cardiovascular risk factors in metformin-treated type 2 diabetic patients." | 5.10 | Effect of orlistat in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin. ( Anderson, JW; Aronne, L; Doyle, M; Foreyt, J; Hollander, P; Klein, S; Leiter, L; Miles, JM; Wadden, T, 2002) |
| "Combination therapy with bedtime insulin plus metformin prevents weight gain." | 5.09 | Comparison of bedtime insulin regimens in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A randomized, controlled trial. ( Heikkilä, M; Nikkilä, K; Ryysy, L; Tulokas, T; Vanamo, R; Yki-Järvinen, H, 1999) |
| "To determine causes of weight gain during insulin therapy with and without metformin in Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus." | 5.09 | Causes of weight gain during insulin therapy with and without metformin in patients with Type II diabetes mellitus. ( Mäkimattila, S; Nikkilä, K; Yki-Järvinen, H, 1999) |
| " Body weight, fasting plasma glucose, HbA(1c), blood lactate, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured at the beginning and end of T1 and T5, and end of T2, T3, T6 and T7; postprandial plasma glucose, fasting and postprandial plasma insulin and C-peptide were evaluated at the beginning of T1 and T5, and end of T3 and T7." | 5.09 | A comparison of preconstituted, fixed combinations of low-dose glyburide plus metformin versus high-dose glyburide alone in the treatment of type 2 diabetic patients. ( Coppini, A; Erle, G; Lora, L; Lovise, S; Marchetti, P; Merante, D; Stocchiero, C, 1999) |
| " The effects of metformin, an antidiabetic agent that improves insulin sensitivity, on endothelial function have not been reported." | 5.09 | Improved endothelial function with metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Anderson, TJ; Mather, KJ; Verma, S, 2001) |
| "In type 2 diabetic patients, the vasodilating response to forearm ischemia was the same whether patients were treated with diet treatment alone or with glibenclamide or glimepiride at blood glucose-lowering equipotent closes." | 5.09 | Sulfonylurea treatment of type 2 diabetic patients does not reduce the vasodilator response to ischemia. ( Brunelli, C; Cordera, R; Cordone, S; Olivotti, L; Rossettin, P; Schiavo, M; Spallarossa, P, 2001) |
| "To estimate the economic efficiency of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin compared with conventional therapy primarily with diet in overweight patients with Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus." | 5.09 | Cost-effectiveness analysis of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin in overweight patients with type II diabetes (UKPDS No. 51). ( Adler, A; Clarke, P; Cull, C; Gray, A; Holman, R; Raikou, M; Stevens, R; Stratton, I, 2001) |
| "To assess the effect of metformin on insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance and components of the metabolic syndrome in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)." | 5.09 | Metabolic effects of metformin in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. ( Eriksson, JG; Forsén, B; Groop, L; Gullström, M; Häggblom, M; Lehtovirta, M; Taskinen, MR, 2001) |
| "Since metformin improves insulin sensitivity, it has been indicated for patients with diabetes and hypertension, which are insulin-resistant conditions." | 5.09 | Metabolic and haemodynamic effects of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. ( Ferreira, SR; Kohlmann, NE; Uehara, MH; Zanella, MT, 2001) |
| "The BIGuanides and Prevention of Risks in Obesity (BIGPRO1) results suggest that metformin would be a suitable candidate for long-term intervention for the prevention of diabetes but that its use in a trial of primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases requires either a reevaluation of its properties toward the most potentially atherogenic anomalies of the IRS or a better definition of the target population." | 5.08 | The effect of metformin on the metabolic abnormalities associated with upper-body fat distribution. BIGPRO Study Group. ( André, P; Bard, JM; Charles, MA; Cohen, JM; Eschwège, E; Fontbonne, A; Grandmottet, P; Isnard, F; Juhan-Vague, I; Safar, ME; Vague, P, 1996) |
| "Metformin often promotes weight loss in patients with obesity with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)." | 5.08 | Metformin decreases food consumption and induces weight loss in subjects with obesity with type II non-insulin-dependent diabetes. ( Lee, A; Morley, JE, 1998) |
| "Troglitazone ameliorated microalbuminuria in diabetic nephropathy." | 5.08 | Effect of troglitazone on microalbuminuria in patients with incipient diabetic nephropathy. ( Arai, K; Hori, M; Imano, E; Kajimoto, Y; Kanda, T; Motomura, M; Nakatani, Y; Nishida, T; Yamasaki, Y, 1998) |
| "To establish the antihyperglycemic mechanisms of metformin in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) independently of the long-term, aspecific effects of removal of glucotoxicity, 21 NIDDM subjects (14 obese, 7 nonobese) were studied on two separate occasions, with an isoglycemic (plasma glucose approximately 9 mM) hyperinsulinemic (two-step insulin infusion, 2 h each, at the rate of 4 and 40 mU." | 5.07 | Acute antihyperglycemic mechanisms of metformin in NIDDM. Evidence for suppression of lipid oxidation and hepatic glucose production. ( Bolli, GB; Brunetti, P; Ferrannini, E; Misericordia, P; Perriello, G; Santeusanio, F; Santucci, A; Santucci, C; Ventura, MM; Volpi, E, 1994) |
| "To investigate the effects of metformin on glycemic control, insulin resistance, and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in NIDDM subjects from two ethnic groups (Caucasian and Asian) with different risks of cardiovascular disease." | 5.07 | Effects of metformin on insulin resistance, risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and plasminogen activator inhibitor in NIDDM subjects. A study of two ethnic groups. ( Nagi, DK; Yudkin, JS, 1993) |
| " Because metformin improves peripheral insulin sensitivity, we examined the acute effect of metformin and placebo on glucose and lipid metabolism in nine insulin-resistant first-degree relatives of NIDDM patients with the euglycemic insulin-clamp technique combined with indirect calorimetry and infusion of [3-3H]glucose." | 5.07 | Metformin normalizes nonoxidative glucose metabolism in insulin-resistant normoglycemic first-degree relatives of patients with NIDDM. ( Eriksson, JG; Groop, LC; Widén, EI, 1992) |
| "A total of 26 non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients were enrolled for a clinical study of the effect of buflomedil on microalbuminuria." | 5.07 | The effect of oral buflomedil on microalbuminuria in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. ( Chuang, LM; Lin, BJ; Tai, TY; Tseng, CH; Wu, HP, 1992) |
| "The effects of metformin on glycaemia, insulin and c-peptide levels, hepatic glucose production and insulin sensitivity (using the euglycaemic, hyperinsulinaemic clamp) were evaluated at fortnightly intervals in 9 Type 2 diabetic patients using a stepwise dosing protocol: Stage 1--no metformin for four weeks; stage 2--metformin 500mg mane; stage 3--metformin 500mg thrice daily; stage 4--metformin 1000mg thrice daily." | 5.07 | Metformin increases insulin sensitivity and basal glucose clearance in type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus. ( Bird, DM; Cameron, DP; Ma, A; McIntyre, HD; Paterson, CA; Ravenscroft, PJ, 1991) |
| "A 12-week double-blind placebo-controlled trial to study the effects of metformin on lipoprotein concentration and composition was performed in forty patients with NIDDM and hyperlipoproteinemia." | 5.07 | Effects of metformin on dyslipoproteinemia in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. ( Schneider, J, 1991) |
| "Forty patients with NIDDM and hyperlipoproteinemia were selected for a 12-week double-blind placebo-controlled trial to study the effects of metformin on lipoprotein concentration and composition." | 5.06 | Metformin-induced changes in serum lipids, lipoproteins, and apoproteins in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. ( Erren, T; Kaffarnik, H; Schneider, J; Zöfel, P, 1990) |
| " Metformin use was negatively associated with the incidence of colorectal adenoma (RR: 0." | 5.05 | Suppressive effects of metformin on colorectal adenoma incidence and malignant progression. ( Deng, M; Huang, D; Lei, S; Wang, H; Wu, Y; Xia, S; Xu, E; Zhang, H, 2020) |
| "To evaluate the effect of metformin as a treatment for the mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 5.05 | Effect of metformin on the mortality of colorectal cancer patients with T2DM: meta-analysis of sex differences. ( Du, J; Du, S; Wang, Y; Xiao, J; Zhao, Y, 2020) |
| " Metformin significantly reduced the occurrence of cognitive dysfunction in patients with T2D (HR 0." | 5.05 | Metformin therapy and cognitive dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis and systematic review. ( Ba, YG; Li, WS; Liu, Z; Zhang, HL; Zhang, QQ; Zhang, RX, 2020) |
| " Metformin and SGLT2 inhibitors should be discontinued in patients with severe forms of COVID-19 owing to the risks of lactic acidosis and ketoacidosis." | 5.05 | COVID-19 in diabetic patients: Related risks and specifics of management. ( Hermans, MP; Maiter, D; Orioli, L; Thissen, JP; Vandeleene, B; Yombi, JC, 2020) |
| " The use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, metformin, thiazolidinedione, and sulfonylurea was associated with a decreased risk of dementia in comparison to no treatment with antidiabetic agents (hazard ratio [HR] for DPP-4 inhibitors, 0." | 5.05 | Impact of antidiabetic agents on dementia risk: A Bayesian network meta-analysis. ( Han, M; Simó, R; Tang, X; Yang, J; Zhou, JB, 2020) |
| " Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist that promotes sustained weight loss, as well as abdominal fat reduction, in individuals with obesity, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 5.05 | Liraglutide: New Perspectives for the Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. ( Constantinidou, KG; Filippou, PK; Papaetis, GS; Stylianou, CS, 2020) |
| "Metformin may have a role in reducing the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) and improving survival outcome." | 5.05 | Metformin and colorectal cancer: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. ( Chong, CS; Jiang, AA; Khoo, CM; Ng, CH; Ng, CW; Ong, ZH; Peng, S; Sundar, R; Tham, HY; Toh, EMS, 2020) |
| "At present, there are many studies on metformin and the risk of colorectal cancer in patients with diabetes, but the conclusions are contradictory." | 5.05 | Relationship between metformin therapy and risk of colorectal cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. ( Liu, JL; Yang, HJ; Yang, WT; Zhou, JG, 2020) |
| "Observational series suggest a mortality benefit from metformin in the heart failure (HF) population." | 5.05 | Metformin treatment in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. ( Halabi, A; Huynh, Q; Marwick, TH; Sen, J, 2020) |
| "We searched the PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL databases for articles published prior to April 2020 to find observational studies of individuals with concurrent asthma and diabetes that compared the risk of asthma exacerbation between metformin users and nonusers." | 5.05 | Association of Metformin Use with Asthma Exacerbation in Patients with Concurrent Asthma and Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. ( Chai, Y; Changfu, Y; Gao, J; Guan, L; Haiyang, Y; Huaiquan, L; Qingxue, W; Wen, L; Yunzhi, C; Zhong, Q; Zhong, W, 2020) |
| "The present study firstly provided quantitative information for metformin effects on weight in different disease states, including patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, patients with antipsychotic induced weight gain, patients with obesity." | 5.05 | Time course and dose effect of metformin on weight in patients with different disease states. ( Chen, X; Li, ZP; Wang, DD, 2020) |
| "Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a rare adverse effect that has significant morbidity and mortality." | 5.05 | Osmolar-gap in the setting of metformin-associated lactic acidosis: Case report and a literature review highlighting an apparently unusual association. ( Alamin, M; Elshafei, MN; Mohamed, MFH, 2020) |
| "Metformin using was associated with an increased OS rate and CS rate of colorectal cancer." | 5.05 | For colorectal cancer patients with type II diabetes, could metformin improve the survival rate? A meta-analysis. ( Chen, Y; Cheng, Y; Liu, C; Shen, L; Tu, F; Xu, J; Zhou, C, 2020) |
| " The primary outcomes were mortality, occurrence of lactic acidosis and myocardial infarction (MI) in patients taking metformin during dialysis treatment for ≥12 months (long term)." | 5.01 | Is the use of metformin in patients undergoing dialysis hazardous for life? A systematic review of the safety of metformin in patients undergoing dialysis. ( Abdel Shaheed, C; Carland, JE; Chowdhury, G; Day, RO; Furlong, T; Graham, GG; Greenfield, JR; Hicks, M; Macdonald, P; Smith, FC; Smith, G; Stocker, SL; Williams, KM, 2019) |
| " conclude that metformin, a drug used for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, can be used effectively for weight loss, and that this effect is even more pronounced in individuals who weigh more at baseline." | 5.01 | Neglecting regression to the mean continues to lead to unwarranted conclusions: Letter regarding "The magnitude of weight loss induced by metformin is independently associated with BMI at baseline in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: Post-hoc analysis from ( Allison, DB; Hannon, BA; Siu, CO; Thomas, DM, 2019) |
| "We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with a duration of one year or more comparing metformin with any pharmacological glucose-lowering intervention, behaviour-changing intervention, placebo or standard care in people with impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose, moderately elevated glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) or combinations of these." | 5.01 | Metformin for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in persons at increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Chi, Y; Hemmingsen, B; Madsen, KS; Metzendorf, MI; Richter, B, 2019) |
| "Metformin enhances insulin sensitivity, being used to prevent and treat diabetes, although its mechanism of action remains elusive." | 5.01 | Metabolic Effects of Metformin in Humans. ( Adeva-Andany, MM; Fernández-Fernández, C; Pazos-García, C; Rañal-Muíño, E; Vila-Altesor, M, 2019) |
| "" On the 1-year anniversary of his death in 2018, we challenge three myths associated with insulin resistance: metformin improves insulin resistance; measurement of waist circumference predicts insulin resistance better than body mass index; and insulin resistance causes weight gain." | 5.01 | Myths about Insulin Resistance: Tribute to Gerald Reaven. ( Abbasi, F; Kim, SH, 2019) |
| "There is a recent growing evidence that abnormalities in the microbiota composition can have a major role in the development of obesity and diabetes and that some actions of metformin may be mediated by gut bacteria." | 5.01 | The role of gut microbiota in obesity, diabetes mellitus, and effect of metformin: new insights into old diseases. ( Coppola, A; Gazzaruso, C; Govoni, S; Marchesi, N; Pascale, A, 2019) |
| "08]), but less hypoglycemia as add-on to metformin (odds ratio [OR] 0." | 5.01 | Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors Compared with Sulfonylureas in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Metformin: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. ( Chen, Z; Li, G, 2019) |
| "Metformin is the most widely prescribed treatment of hyperglycemia and type II diabetes since 1970s." | 5.01 | Mitochondrial targets of metformin-Are they physiologically relevant? ( Brázdová, A; Drahota, Z; Houštěk, J; Mráček, T; Pecinová, A, 2019) |
| "There is increasing evidence to suggest that therapeutic doses of metformin are unlikely to cause lactic acidosis." | 5.01 | The Association between Metformin Therapy and Lactic Acidosis. ( Duffull, SB; Kuan, IHS; Savage, RL; Walker, RJ; Wright, DFB, 2019) |
| "To perform meta-analyses of studies evaluating the risk of pre-eclampsia in high-risk insulin-resistant women taking metformin prior to, or during pregnancy." | 4.98 | Risk of pre-eclampsia in women taking metformin: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Alqudah, A; Graham, U; Lyons, TJ; McClements, L; McKinley, MC; McNally, R; Watson, CJ, 2018) |
| "To assess the effect of empagliflozin on bone fractures and bone mineral density in patients with type 2 diabetes in pooled placebo-controlled trial data and a head-to-head study versus glimepiride." | 4.98 | Analysis of Fractures in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Empagliflozin in Pooled Data From Placebo-Controlled Trials and a Head-to-Head Study Versus Glimepiride. ( Kaspers, S; Kohler, S; Salsali, A; Woerle, HJ; Zeller, C, 2018) |
| "Metformin use in pregnancy is increasing worldwide as randomised controlled trial (RCT) evidence is emerging demonstrating its safety and efficacy." | 4.98 | Metformin in Pregnancy: Mechanisms and Clinical Applications. ( Balani, J; Hyer, S; Shehata, H, 2018) |
| "We performed a meta-analysis to investigate the association between metformin intake and bladder cancer risk as well as oncologic outcomes in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients." | 4.98 | Association of metformin intake with bladder cancer risk and oncologic outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Chen, HQ; Chen, JB; Cui, Y; Hu, J; Liu, LF; Ren, WB; Zhou, X; Zhu, YW; Zu, XB, 2018) |
| "Forty articles met inclusion criteria and were summarized into four general categories: (1) RCTs of metformin use for diabetes prevention (n=7 and n=2 follow-up analyses); (2) observational analyses examining metformin use in heterogeneous subgroups of patients with prediabetes (n=9 from the Diabetes Prevention Program, n=1 from the biguanides and the prevention of the risk of obesity [BIGPRO] trial); (3) observational analyses examining cost effectiveness of metformin use for diabetes prevention (n=11 from the Diabetes Prevention Program, n=1 from the Indian Diabetes Prevention Program); and (4) real-world assessments of metformin eligibility or use for diabetes prevention (n=9)." | 4.98 | Review of Metformin Use for Type 2 Diabetes Prevention. ( Flory, JH; Herman, WH; Karter, AJ; Kruge, LE; Mangione, CM; Moin, T; Schillinger, D; Schmittdiel, JA; Walker, EA; Yeh, J, 2018) |
| "Accumulating evidence shows that metformin is an insulin-sensitizing antidiabetic drug widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which can exert favorable effects on cardiovascular risk and may be safely used in patients with heart failure (HF), and even able to reduce the incidence of HF and to reduce HF mortality." | 4.98 | Metabolic Effects of Metformin in the Failing Heart. ( Bełtowski, J; Dziubak, A; Wójcicka, G; Wojtak, A, 2018) |
| "In September 2018, we searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for studies published in English using the keywords metformin, obesity/overweight, and weight loss." | 4.98 | Efficacy of Metformin Treatment with Respect to Weight Reduction in Children and Adults with Obesity: A Systematic Review. ( Knibbe, CAJ; Lentferink, YE; van der Vorst, MMJ, 2018) |
| "To evaluate the colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention effect of metformin in comparison with that of other T2DM medications from a Markov model perspective." | 4.95 | [Effect of metformin on colorectal carcinoma in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a Markov model analysis]. ( Dong, Y; Li, B; Liao, B; Peng, S; Peng, Z; Su, T; Zhang, N; Zhou, Q, 2017) |
| "Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a rare but potentially fatal condition that can easily be avoided." | 4.95 | [Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: an insufficiently recognised problem]. ( Bosch, FH; Kramers, C; Manders, M; van Luin, M, 2017) |
| " If the patient does not respond with a weight loss of at least 5% and if the HbA1C values are not normalized, pharmacological management should be initiated with a metformin dose of 500 mg / day, increasing up to 1,500 - 1,700 mg / day, according to tolerance." | 4.95 | Prediabetes in Colombia: Expert Consensus. ( Calderón, C; Castillo, J; Escobar, ID; López-Jaramillo, P; Melgarejo, E; Parra, GA, 2017) |
| "To assess the short- and long-term maternal and fetal impact of metformin in pregnancy compared with insulin." | 4.95 | Short- and long-term outcomes of metformin compared with insulin alone in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Aitken, E; Butalia, S; Donovan, L; Gutierrez, L; Lodha, A; Zakariasen, A, 2017) |
| " We performed a systematic analysis and compared the proportion of patients reporting nausea, vomiting or diarrhoea, for different doses and glucose-lowering background medications, and relative to a reference compound within the subclasses of short- (exenatide b." | 4.95 | Occurrence of nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea reported as adverse events in clinical trials studying glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: A systematic analysis of published clinical trials. ( Abd El Aziz, MS; Bettge, K; Kahle, M; Meier, JJ; Nauck, MA, 2017) |
| "Existing data evaluating the impact of metformin on the colorectal adenoma (CRA) risk in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes (T2D) are limited and controversial." | 4.95 | Metformin therapy and the risk of colorectal adenoma in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis. ( Fang, JY; Hou, YC; Hu, Q; Huang, J; Xiong, H, 2017) |
| "Recent evidence indicates that metformin therapy may be associated with a decreased colorectal adenoma/colorectal cancer risk in type 2 diabetes patients." | 4.95 | Metformin therapy and risk of colorectal adenomas and colorectal cancer in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Chu, Y; Li, X; Liu, F; Liu, Y; Lu, Y; Nie, S; Rui, D; Wang, Z; Xiang, H; Yan, L, 2017) |
| "To synthesize data addressing outcomes of metformin use in populations with type 2 diabetes and moderate to severe chronic kidney disease (CKD), congestive heart failure (CHF), or chronic liver disease (CLD) with hepatic impairment." | 4.95 | Clinical Outcomes of Metformin Use in Populations With Chronic Kidney Disease, Congestive Heart Failure, or Chronic Liver Disease: A Systematic Review. ( Cameron, CB; Crowley, MJ; Diamantidis, CJ; Kosinski, AS; McDuffie, JR; Mock, CK; Nagi, A; Stanifer, JW; Tang, S; Wang, X; Williams, JW, 2017) |
| "Several observational studies have shown that metformin can modify the risk and survival of colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients with diabetes mellitus, although the magnitude of this relationship has not been determined." | 4.95 | Prognostic role of metformin intake in diabetic patients with colorectal cancer: An updated qualitative evidence of cohort studies. ( Bi, C; Cheng, Z; Du, L; Guo, M; Kang, Y; Li, B; Wang, M, 2017) |
| "Although metformin has become a drug of choice for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, some patients may not receive it owing to the risk of lactic acidosis." | 4.93 | Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: Current perspectives on causes and risk. ( Bicsak, TA; Chen, K; DeFronzo, R; Fleming, GA, 2016) |
| "To systematically assess the effect of metformin on colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients." | 4.93 | Metformin Is Associated With Slightly Reduced Risk of Colorectal Cancer and Moderate Survival Benefits in Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis. ( He, XK; Si, JM; Su, TT; Sun, LM, 2016) |
| " Interestingly, several potential antiobesity and/or antidiabetic agents, some of which are currently in clinical use such as metformin and liraglutide, exert some of their actions by acting on AMPK." | 4.93 | Hypothalamic AMPK: a canonical regulator of whole-body energy balance. ( Diéguez, C; López, M; Nogueiras, R; Tena-Sempere, M, 2016) |
| "Metformin is a biguanide used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity." | 4.93 | Relationships Between Metformin, Paraoxonase-1 and the Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 2. ( Arenas, M; Cabre, N; Camps, J; Garcia-Heredia, A; Hernandez-Aguilera, A; Joven, J; Luciano-Mateo, F, 2016) |
| "Adding different AHAs to metformin was associated with varying effects on HbA1c, BW, SBP, hypoglycemia, UTI and GTI which should impact clinician choice when selecting adjunctive therapy." | 4.91 | Comparative efficacy and safety of antidiabetic drug regimens added to metformin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a network meta-analysis. ( Coleman, CI; Doleh, Y; Kohn, CG; Mearns, ES; Saulsberry, WJ; Sobieraj, DM; White, CM; Zaccaro, E, 2015) |
| "Compared with other oral insulinotropic agents, gliclazide significantly reduced HbA1c with no difference regarding hypoglycemia risk." | 4.91 | Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and hypoglycemic safety of gliclazide versus other insulinotropic agents. ( Chan, SP; Colagiuri, S, 2015) |
| "Diabetic patients with breast cancer receiving metformin and neoadjuvant chemotherapy have a higher pathologic complete response rate than do diabetic patients not receiving metformin, but findings on salvage treatment have been inconsistent." | 4.91 | Metformin Use Is Associated With Better Survival of Breast Cancer Patients With Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis. ( Chen, K; Dai, Y; Jia, X; Li, D; Mao, Y; Tao, M; Tian, Y; Xie, J; Xu, H, 2015) |
| "Metformin is the most commonly prescibed drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus as it is inexpensive, safe, and efficient in ameliorating hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia." | 4.91 | [Advances of the anti-tumor research of metformin]. ( Liu, KX; Xue, CJ, 2015) |
| "We searched EMBASE and MEDLINE databases from inception through August, 2013, using search terms related to metformin, diabetes, colorectal cancer, and prognostic outcome." | 4.90 | Survival benefits of metformin for colorectal cancer patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Cui, A; Cui, L; Liang, ZL; Liu, CY; Liu, Y; Mei, ZB; Wang, GH; Zhang, ZJ, 2014) |
| "The effect of acarbose on weight loss seems to be more pronounced in Eastern than in Western populations with hyperglycaemia, and is superior to that of placebo, nateglinide and metformin across both ethnicities." | 4.90 | Acarbose monotherapy and weight loss in Eastern and Western populations with hyperglycaemia: an ethnicity-specific meta-analysis. ( Huang, L; Li, Y; Tong, N; Tong, Y; Wu, T; Zhang, Y, 2014) |
| " Metformin emerges as a choice candidate as it acts both on reducing gluconeogenesis and improving insulin sensitivity, and has demonstrated tumour suppressor properties in multiple cancer types." | 4.90 | Cancer cachexia and diabetes: similarities in metabolic alterations and possible treatment. ( Chevalier, S; Farsijani, S, 2014) |
| "PubMed, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane central registry of controlled trials were searched to identify randomized controlled trials and observational studies exploring the association between metformin and vitamin B12 concentration in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus or polycystic ovary syndrome." | 4.90 | Vitamin B12 status in metformin treated patients: systematic review. ( Li, J; Li, S; Liu, Q; Quan, H, 2014) |
| "SGLT-2 inhibition in combination with metformin is a potential therapeutic option based on its effects on glycemic control, body weight, and blood pressure, but further trials are required to refine this evidence." | 4.90 | Combinational therapy with metformin and sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors in management of type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analyses. ( Dou, J; Lu, J; Zhang, Q, 2014) |
| "The aim of this study is to study the mortality rate in so-called "metformin-associated lactic acidosis" (MALA) from the 1960s to date and to establish whether the rate has changed over time." | 4.90 | Mortality rate in so-called "metformin-associated lactic acidosis": a review of the data since the 1960s. ( Kajbaf, F; Lalau, JD, 2014) |
| "Despite the known glucose-lowering effects of metformin, more recent clinical interest lies in its potential as a weight loss drug." | 4.90 | Effects of metformin on weight loss: potential mechanisms. ( Kashyap, SR; Malin, SK, 2014) |
| "Use of glitazones and sulfonylureas was associated with an increased risk of heart failure compared with metformin use." | 4.90 | The risk of heart failure associated with the use of noninsulin blood glucose-lowering drugs: systematic review and meta-analysis of published observational studies. ( Calingaert, B; Hazell, L; Margulis, AV; Perez-Gutthann, S; Pladevall, M; Riera-Guardia, N; Romio, S; Varas-Lorenzo, C, 2014) |
| " This is the case for metformin (risk of lactic acidosis) and for many sulfonylureas (risk of hypoglycemia)." | 4.89 | Pharmacokinetic considerations for the treatment of diabetes in patients with chronic kidney disease. ( Scheen, AJ, 2013) |
| " These options are mostly new and have the advantage a neutral or favourable (for GLP-1) effect on body weight in obese type 2 DM patient and the absence of any hypoglycaemic risk in both classes of incretins." | 4.89 | [Management of type 2 diabetes: new or previous agents, how to choose?]. ( Halimi, S, 2013) |
| "Short-term metformin treatment appears to moderately affect weight reduction in severely obese children and adolescents, with a concomitant improvement in fasting insulin sensitivity." | 4.89 | Systematic review of metformin use in obese nondiabetic children and adolescents. ( Brufani, C; Cappa, M; Crinò, A; Fintini, D; Manco, M; Patera, PI, 2013) |
| "Sitagliptin is similar to metformin in reducing HbA1c, decreasing body weight, and improving the function of beta cells, but is inferior to metformin in improving insulin sensitivity." | 4.89 | Comparative effects of sitagliptin and metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. ( Du, Q; Liang, YY; Wang, YJ; Wu, B; Yang, S; Zhao, YY, 2013) |
| " The traditional approach involves: i) metformin, acting mainly on fasting blood glucose; ii) sulphonylureas, that have shown a number of drawbacks, including the high risk of hypoglycemia; iii) pioglitazone, with a substantial effect on fasting and postprandial glucose and a low risk of hypoglycaemia; iv) insulin, that can be utilized with the basal or prandial approach." | 4.89 | What are the preferred strategies for control of glycaemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus? ( Marangoni, A; Zenari, L, 2013) |
| "Data over the past decade refute the historical contraindication in patients with renal impairment and suggest that the risk of metformin-associated lactic acidosis is low in stable mild-to-moderate renal impairment and similar to the risk with other type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) medications with no renal impairment restrictions." | 4.89 | Unleash metformin: reconsideration of the contraindication in patients with renal impairment. ( Braun, A; Defilippi, J; Lu, WR, 2013) |
| "To evaluate the safety and efficacy of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) with or without cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)." | 4.89 | Safety and efficacy of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic hepatitis C. ( Harris, K; Smith, L, 2013) |
| " The use of pioglitazone has been associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer, edema, heart failure, weight gain, and distal bone fractures in postmenopausal women." | 4.89 | [Limitations of insulin-dependent drugs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus]. ( de Pablos-Velasco, PL; Valerón, PF, 2013) |
| "7% as monotherapy or in combination with metformin (MET), sulfonylureas (SFU), and/or thiazolidinediones (TZD); with mean weight losses of -1." | 4.89 | Evolution of exenatide as a diabetes therapeutic. ( Bhavsar, S; Cherrington, A; Mudaliar, S, 2013) |
| " Direct comparisons with active glucose-lowering comparators in drug-naive patients have demonstrated that DPP-4 inhibitors exert slightly less pronounced HbA(1c) reduction than metformin (with the advantage of better gastrointestinal tolerability) and similar glucose-lowering effects as with a thiazolidinedione (TZD; with the advantage of no weight gain)." | 4.88 | DPP-4 inhibitors in the management of type 2 diabetes: a critical review of head-to-head trials. ( Scheen, AJ, 2012) |
| "Lactic acidosis in diabetic patients undergoing metformin therapy is a widely recognized, rare but usually serious adverse event, particularly in presence of comorbidities such as cardiorespiratory disease, sepsis and renal failure." | 4.88 | Iodine-based radiographic contrast medium may precipitate metformin-associated lactic acidosis in diabetic patients. A case report, literature review and practical approach. ( Tonolini, M, 2012) |
| "In patients with type 2 diabetes who do not achieve the glycaemic targets with metformin alone, DPP-4 inhibitors can lower HbA(1c), in a similar way to sulfonylureas or pioglitazone, with neutral effects on body weight." | 4.88 | Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the clinical setting: systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Karagiannis, T; Matthews, DR; Paletas, K; Paschos, P; Tsapas, A, 2012) |
| "The UK Prospective Diabetes Study showed that metformin decreases mortality compared to diet alone in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 4.88 | Reappraisal of metformin efficacy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. ( Bejan-Angoulvant, T; Boissel, JP; Boussageon, R; Cornu, C; Cucherat, M; Gueyffier, F; Kassai, B; Kellou, N; Moreau, A; Supper, I, 2012) |
| "Metformin, an oral anti-diabetic drug, is being considered increasingly for treatment and prevention of cancer, obesity as well as for the extension of healthy lifespan." | 4.88 | Metformin in obesity, cancer and aging: addressing controversies. ( Berstein, LM, 2012) |
| " For metformin, the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) substudy is convincing for a definite effect in reducing myocardial infarction (MI), but the quantitative extent of that is uncertain." | 4.88 | Cardiovascular disease and oral agent glucose-lowering therapies in the management of type 2 diabetes. ( Home, P, 2012) |
| " Insulin resistance drives islet cell upregulation, manifested by elevated glucagon and c-peptide levels, early in the transition to IGT." | 4.88 | Insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic youth. ( Cree-Green, M; Mizokami-Stout, K; Nadeau, KJ, 2012) |
| "Digestive disorders (diarrhoea, vomiting) represent the most common metformin side-effects (around 30%) with this first-line drug treatment for type 2 diabetes." | 4.87 | Metformin and digestive disorders. ( Bouchoucha, M; Cohen, R; Uzzan, B, 2011) |
| "Substantial evidence confirms the weight benefits of metformin and shows that, of the newer available agents, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists and amylin analogs promote weight loss." | 4.87 | Weight beneficial treatments for type 2 diabetes. ( Caputo, S; Damçi, T; Khunti, K; Liebl, A; Meneghini, LF; Orozco-Beltran, D; Ross, SA, 2011) |
| "The PubMed and SciVerse Scopus databases were searched to identify studies that examined the effect of metformin therapy on colorectal cancer among patients with type 2 diabetes." | 4.87 | Reduced risk of colorectal cancer with metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. ( Cui, W; Kan, H; Kip, KE; Song, Y; Zhang, ZJ; Zhao, G; Zheng, ZJ, 2011) |
| " Metformin, however, is thought to increase the risk of lactic acidosis, and has been considered to be contraindicated in many chronic hypoxemic conditions that may be associated with lactic acidosis, such as cardiovascular, renal, hepatic and pulmonary disease, and advancing age." | 4.86 | Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Greyber, E; Pasternak, GA; Salpeter Posthumous, EE; Salpeter, SR, 2010) |
| "To determine the comparative efficacy, risk of weight gain, and hypoglycemia associated with noninsulin antidiabetic drugs in patients with type 2 DM not controlled by metformin alone." | 4.86 | Effect of noninsulin antidiabetic drugs added to metformin therapy on glycemic control, weight gain, and hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes. ( Coleman, CI; Phung, OJ; Scholle, JM; Talwar, M, 2010) |
| " Metformin, however, is thought to increase the risk of lactic acidosis, and has been considered to be contraindicated in many chronic hypoxemic conditions that may be associated with lactic acidosis, such as cardiovascular, renal, hepatic and pulmonary disease, and advancing age." | 4.86 | Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Greyber, E; Pasternak, GA; Salpeter, EE; Salpeter, SR, 2010) |
| " While metformin has been shown to attenuate weight gain and insulin resistance, not all studies have shown a benefit in the reduction of antipsychotic-induced weight gain and insulin resistance." | 4.86 | The effect of metformin on anthropometrics and insulin resistance in patients receiving atypical antipsychotic agents: a meta-analysis. ( Coleman, CI; Ehret, M; Goethe, J; Lanosa, M, 2010) |
| " Results showed that (i) polycystic ovary syndrome is a risk factor forT2DM but the magnitude of risk is uncertain, (ii) fasting plasma glucose is an inadequate screening test forT2DM in this population and the oral glucose tolerance test is superior, (iii) the identification of women with PCOS for diabetes screening is constrained by current diagnostic criteria for PCOS; however, women with oligomenorrhoea and those with diagnosed PCOS and obesity or a family history of T2DM are at highest risk, (iv) risk factors for T2DM are improved by weight loss interventions and by metformin." | 4.86 | Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in polycystic ovary syndrome: what are the risks and can they be reduced? ( Millward, A; Pinkney, J; Stenhouse, E; Tomlinson, J, 2010) |
| "Metformin has become a mainstay in the modest therapeutic armamentarium for the treatment of the insulin resistance of type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 4.86 | An energetic tale of AMPK-independent effects of metformin. ( Birnbaum, MJ; Miller, RA, 2010) |
| "Metformin is widely used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 where it reduces insulin resistance and diabetes-related morbidity and mortality." | 4.86 | Metformin: taking away the candy for cancer? ( de Jong, S; de Vries, EG; Gans, RO; Gietema, JA; Jalving, M; Lefrandt, JD; Reyners, AK, 2010) |
| "Lactic acidosis associated with metformin treatment is a rare but important adverse event, and unravelling the problem is critical." | 4.86 | Lactic acidosis induced by metformin: incidence, management and prevention. ( Lalau, JD, 2010) |
| " The only drug that proved to be effective in reducing cardiovascular events is metformin, which increases AMP-activated protein kinase activity and has a potent cardioprotective effect against ischemia-reperfusion injury." | 4.86 | [Hypoglycemic therapy in heart disease patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus]. ( Cosmi, D; Cosmi, F, 2010) |
| "Metformin is widely used for treating patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 4.86 | [New clinical data with metformin therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus]. ( Jermendy, G, 2010) |
| "Metformin is considered to be the only drug suitable in patients with prediabetes and is the drug of choice in patients with type 2 diabetes." | 4.86 | [Metformin as the first line antidiabetic agent]. ( Svacina, S, 2010) |
| "To determine if the use of metformin in people with prediabetes (impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose) would prevent or delay the onset of frank type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 4.85 | Treating prediabetes with metformin: systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Godwin, M; Lilly, M; Lily, M, 2009) |
| "In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: finasteride, flutamide, metformin, spironolactone, cyproterone acetate-ethinylestradiol (co-cyprindiol), interventions to achieve weight loss, ketoconazole, and mechanical hair removal." | 4.85 | PCOS. ( Cahill, D, 2009) |
| " Recent epidemiologic studies have shown that the fracture rate was decreased in patients treated with metformin, one of the anti-hyperglycemic agents by improving insulin resistance." | 4.85 | [Usefulness of metformin in diabetes-related bone disease]. ( Kanazawa, I, 2009) |
| " Metformin is currently the preferred insulin-sensitizing drug for chronic treatment of PCOS and has been shown to improve the metabolic profile, menstrual cyclicity and fertility in women with PCOS, and is associated with weight loss." | 4.85 | Polycystic ovary syndrome and metabolic comorbidities: therapeutic options. ( De Leo, V; Di Sabatino, A; Morgante, G; Musacchio, MC; Palermo, V; Petraglia, F, 2009) |
| "Metformin, an insulin sensitizer widely used for the treatment of patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM), was recently introduced in the clinical practice to treat women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)." | 4.84 | Role of metformin in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: the state of the art. ( Falbo, A; Orio, F; Palomba, S; Russo, T; Tollino, A; Zullo, F, 2008) |
| " One such combination regimen is repaglinide (a prandial glucose regulator that increases insulin release) plus metformin (an insulin sensitizer that inhibits hepatic glucose output, increases peripheral glucose uptake and utilization and minimizes weight gain)." | 4.84 | Oral combination therapy: repaglinide plus metformin for treatment of type 2 diabetes. ( Raskin, P, 2008) |
| "For fear of lactic acidosis the currently listed contraindications to the use of metformin exclude a large number of people with type 2 diabetes from efficacious anti-hyperglycemic and cardioprotective treatment." | 4.83 | [Traditional contraindications to the use of metformin -- more harmful than beneficial?]. ( Egberts, EH; Holstein, A, 2006) |
| "To assess the incidence of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use compared to placebo and other glucose-lowering treatments in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 4.83 | Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Greyber, E; Pasternak, G; Salpeter, E; Salpeter, S, 2006) |
| " This review provides information regarding diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in children, as well as prevention strategies, such as lifestyle modification and pharmacologic options for weight loss, including metformin, orlistat, and sibutramine." | 4.83 | The treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in youth : which therapies? ( Miller, JL; Silverstein, JH, 2006) |
| " These initiatives, together with developments in beta(3)-adrenoceptor agonists, 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase Type 1 inhibitors and modulators of the glucagon-like peptide 1 axis, all of which also potentially enhance insulin sensitivity, are critically evaluated." | 4.82 | Insulin sensitisation in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. ( Smith, SA; Tadayyon, M, 2003) |
| "In obese type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled on MET alone, addition of rosiglitazone improves glycaemic control, insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function to a clinically important extent." | 4.82 | Addition of rosiglitazone to metformin is most effective in obese, insulin-resistant patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Jones, NP; Jones, TA; Sautter, M; Van Gaal, LF, 2003) |
| "To assess the incidence of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use compared to placebo and other glucose-lowering treatments in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 4.82 | Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Greyber, E; Pasternak, G; Salpeter, E; Salpeter, S, 2003) |
| "Both metformin and thiazolidinedione derivatives(TZDs) improve insulin resistance, a major pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, and decrease blood glucose levels without stimulating insulin secretion." | 4.82 | [Insulin-sensitizing agents: metformin and thiazolidinedione derivatives]. ( Satoh, J, 2003) |
| "To evaluate the role of laparoscopic ovarian drilling and treatment with metformin in the management of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)." | 4.82 | Laparoscopic treatment of polycystic ovaries: is it time to relinquish the procedure? ( Pirwany, I; Tulandi, T, 2003) |
| " Both of them clearly demonstrate the possibility to delay and/or prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes in at high-risk subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, through changes in lifestyle (dietary intervention, weight reduction, increased physical activity) or drug treatment (metformin, acarbose, orlistat)." | 4.82 | [Is it possible to prevent type 2 diabetes?]. ( Laville, M, 2003) |
| " Metformin is a biguanide compound which is antihyperglycaemic, reduces insulin resistance and has cardioprotective effects on lipids, thrombosis and blood flow." | 4.82 | Beneficial effects of metformin on haemostasis and vascular function in man. ( Grant, PJ, 2003) |
| " In this context, metformin has been shown to not only contribute to a better glycaemic control but also to induce some weight loss (especially in the visceral depot) which may contribute to the improvement of the features of the metabolic syndrome." | 4.82 | Potential contribution of metformin to the management of cardiovascular disease risk in patients with abdominal obesity, the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. ( Després, JP, 2003) |
| " Search terms used were insulin resistance, diabetes, insulin sensitivity, obesity, cardiovascular disease, metformin, thiazolidinediones, pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, and troglitazone." | 4.82 | Insulin resistance: from predisposing factor to therapeutic target in type 2 diabetes. ( Henry, RR, 2003) |
| "Metformin therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus has been shown to reduce total mortality rates compared with other antihyperglycemic treatments but is thought to increase the risk of lactic acidosis." | 4.82 | Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Greyber, E; Pasternak, GA; Salpeter, EE; Salpeter, SR, 2003) |
| "Metformin has been associated with the serious side-effect lactic acidosis." | 4.82 | Metformin and lactic acidosis: cause or coincidence? A review of case reports. ( Erkelens, DW; Heikens, JT; Hoekstra, JB; Holleman, F; Stades, AM, 2004) |
| "Metformin is a common treatment for women who have insulin resistance manifesting as type 2 diabetes or polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)." | 4.82 | Metformin in obstetric and gynecologic practice: a review. ( Boyle, J; McCarthy, EA; McLachlan, K; Permezel, M; Walker, SP, 2004) |
| "No adverse pregnancy outcomes with metformin use have been reported, except in one unmatched study." | 4.82 | Metformin therapy and diabetes in pregnancy. ( McIntyre, HD; Rowan, JA; Simmons, D; Walters, BN, 2004) |
| "The evidence suggests that the predominant effect of metformin is inhibition of hepatic glucose production, whereas the primary effects of TZDs is reduction of insulin resistance and promotion of peripheral glucose uptake." | 4.82 | A comparison of the effects of thiazolidinediones and metformin on metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Bates, PC; Dietrich, K; Lübben, G; Seufert, J, 2004) |
| "Pioglitazone monotherapy and combinations were assessed in patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome (Adult Treatment Panel III criteria) from four worldwide randomised, multicentre, double-blind studies." | 4.82 | Pioglitazone in a subgroup of patients with type 2 diabetes meeting the criteria for metabolic syndrome. ( Fernandes, AW; Lester, JW, 2005) |
| "To determine whether a causal or coincidental relationship is indicated in the literature between metaformin and lactic acidosis and to recommend clinical guidelines for the withdrawal of metformin prior to surgery." | 4.82 | Metformin lactic acidosis and anaesthesia: myth or reality? ( De Kock, M; Vreven, R, 2005) |
| " Although no clinical trials over 6 months in duration have assessed the long-term efficacy of metformin use in adolescents, short-term trials have shown promising effects in lowering insulin secretion, improving insulin sensitivity, restoring normal menstrual cycles, and correcting lipid abnormalities." | 4.81 | Polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents. ( Kent, SC; Legro, RS, 2002) |
| "To assess the incidence of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use compared to placebo and other glucose-lowering treatments in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 4.81 | Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Greyber, E; Pasternak, G; Salpeter, E; Salpeter, S, 2002) |
| " The sulfonyluereas, repaglinide, metformin, acarbose and the thiazolidinediones are effective in decreasing fasting plasma glucose levels, but their limitations may include adverse effects, such as weight gain and hypoglycemia, and an inability to modify some of the important comorbidities of diabetes." | 4.80 | Advances in oral therapy for type 2 diabetes. ( Davis, SN, 2000) |
| " Metformin and troglitazone, approved for use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), improve insulin sensitivity and lower plasma glucose concentrations." | 4.80 | Insulin resistance syndrome: options for treatment. ( Fonseca, VA; Granberry, MC, 1999) |
| "An extensive literature search was conducted from both Medline and Ovid (1965-98) using the following keywords: 'Type 2 diabetes mellitus', 'oral hypoglycaemic drugs', 'biguanides', 'metformin-associated lactic acidosis' and 'renal impairment'." | 4.80 | Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: a rare or very rare clinical entity? ( Brain, HP; Chan, NN; Feher, MD, 1999) |
| "The results differ concerning randomized controlled trials of the effects of metformin on blood glucose regulation and body weight." | 4.80 | Efficacy of metformin in the treatment of NIDDM. Meta-analysis. ( Johansen, K, 1999) |
| "Insulin resistance is a major component of type 2 diabetes; therefore, an insulin sensitizer agent like the thiazolidinedione compound troglitazone is considered a very promising drug." | 4.80 | Troglitazone: antihyperglycemic activity and potential role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. ( Lefèbvre, PJ; Scheen, AJ, 1999) |
| "Metformin-associated lactic acidosis is not necessarily due to metformin accumulation." | 4.80 | [Current role of metformin in treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2]. ( Janssen, JA, 2000) |
| "Use of the oral antidiabetic drug metformin may cause lactic acidosis, a rare but life-threatening complication, especially in patients with renal function loss." | 4.80 | [Prevention of lactic acidosis due to metformin intoxication in contrast media nephropathy]. ( de Bruin, TW; de Haan, M; Landewé-Cleuren, S; van Zwam, WH, 2000) |
| " On the other hand, treatment of obese patients with metformin significantly reduced the incidence of myocardial infarction and of mortality diabetes related." | 4.80 | [Should the occurrence of a first coronary event change the management of diabetes?]. ( Dubois-Laforgue, D; Timsit, J, 2000) |
| " Metformin, an antihyperglycemic drug of the biguanide class, may be effective in subjects with IGT by reducing hepatic glucose output, enhancing insulin sensitivity, or through other mechanisms such as weight loss." | 4.79 | [Drug therapy in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance]. ( Kawamori, R; Yoshii, H, 1996) |
| " Recent studies demonstrated that hypoglycemic agents improving insulin resistance such as metformin and troglitazone reduce blood pressure." | 4.79 | [Treatment of hypertension associated with diabetes mellitus]. ( Katayama, S, 1997) |
| " Moreover, compared to diabetic untreated and metformin-treated animals, those treated with PAP1 had the lowest risk of developing the life-threatening arrhythmia Torsade de Pointes under cardiac challenge." | 4.31 | Kv1.3 Channel Blockade Improves Inflammatory Profile, Reduces Cardiac Electrical Remodeling, and Prevents Arrhythmia in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. ( Alquiza, A; Casis, O; Echeazarra, L; Fernández-López, V; Gallego, M; Rodríguez-de-Yurre, A; Zayas-Arrabal, J, 2023) |
| " The present study aimed to determine whether metformin exerts beneficial effects on metabolic and neurobehavioral outcomes in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1D model and western diet (WD)-induced obesity model in male Swiss mice." | 4.31 | Metformin improves neurobehavioral impairments of streptozotocin-treated and western diet-fed mice: Beyond glucose-lowering effects. ( Barbosa, LADS; Barros, WM; Braga, SP; Bullich, S; Delanogare, E; Dos Santos, GJ; Guiard, BP; Kasprowicz, JN; Kraus, SI; Moreira, ELG, 2023) |
| "Metformin (MET) is widely used as a first-line hypoglycemic agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and was also confirmed to have a therapeutic effect on type 2 diabetic osteoporosis (T2DOP)." | 4.31 | Metformin suppresses Oxidative Stress induced by High Glucose via Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in Type 2 Diabetic Osteoporosis. ( Chen, B; Chen, C; Chen, P; Chen, W; Chi, W; He, Q; Li, M; Li, S; Pan, Z; Pang, X; Tu, H; Wang, F; Wang, H; Xiao, J; Yang, J; Yi, Y; Zeng, J, 2023) |
| "Preclinical studies have shown that metformin has neuroprotective actions in stroke." | 4.31 | Metformin treatment and acute ischemic stroke outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study. ( Dang, M; Feng, Y; Jian, Y; Li, T; Li, Y; Lu, J; Lu, Z; Wang, H; Wang, X; Yang, Y; Zhang, G; Zhang, L; Zhang, Y; Zhao, L, 2023) |
| "It was suggested that metformin could impede the MC activation and airway resistance in the concomitant diabetic and asthmatic rats." | 4.31 | Metformin regulates the effects of IR and IGF-1R methylation on mast cell activation and airway reactivity in diabetic rats with asthma through miR-152-3p/DNMT1 axis. ( Feng, H; Fu, D; He, L; Huang, Y; Li, A; Li, J; Liu, Y; Zhao, H, 2023) |
| "To investigate the association between metformin use and age-related macular degeneration (AMD)." | 4.31 | Association of Metformin With the Development of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. ( Chew, EY; Dabelea, DM; Darwin, CH; Domalpally, A; Knowler, WC; Lee, CG; Luchsinger, JA; Pan, Q; White, NH; Whittier, SA, 2023) |
| "Linear regression models examined cross-sectional associations of baseline depression symptoms and diabetes distress with adherence to metformin, self-management, and HbA1c, adjusting for covariates." | 4.31 | Emotional distress, self-management, and glycemic control among participants enrolled in the glycemia reduction approaches in diabetes: A comparative effectiveness (GRADE) study. ( Bebu, I; Brown-Friday, J; Cherrington, A; Crespo-Ramos, G; Ehrmann, D; Gonzalez, JS; Hoogendoorn, CJ; Krause-Steinrauf, H; Naik, AD; Walker, E; Waltje, A, 2023) |
| "In this population-based study, SGLT2is were associated with significant CV, renal and survival benefits among individuals with type 2 diabetes on metformin; the CV benefit was driven by a reduced risk of ischemic stroke." | 4.31 | Cardiovascular and renal outcomes among patients with type 2 diabetes using SGLT2 inhibitors added to metformin: a population-based cohort study from the UK. ( Garcia Rodriguez, LA; Gonzalez Perez, A; Lind, M; Sáez, ME; Vizcaya, D, 2023) |
| "Lactic acidosis is a disease in which lactic acid accumulates in the blood and causes acidosis in the patient." | 4.31 | Metformin-associated severe lactic acidosis combined with multi-organ insufficiency induced by infection with Aeromonas veronii: A case report. ( Wu, C; Xia, Y; Zhu, X, 2023) |
| " Metformin adherence was associated with a significantly lower risk of dementia (adjusted hazard risk ratio = 0." | 4.31 | Metformin Adherence Reduces the Risk of Dementia in Patients With Diabetes: A Population-based Cohort Study. ( Chan, L; Chen, PC; Chen, WT; Chien, LN; Hong, CT, 2023) |
| "Metformin use has been associated with improved survival in patients with different types of cancer, but research regarding the effect of metformin on cutaneous melanoma (CM) survival is sparse and inconclusive." | 4.31 | Association of metformin use and survival in patients with cutaneous melanoma and diabetes. ( Andersson, TML; Eriksson, H; Girnita, A; Häbel, H; Ingvar, C; Krakowski, I; Nielsen, K; Smedby, KE, 2023) |
| "To determine whether the use of sulphonylurea monotherapy, compared with metformin monotherapy, is associated with an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmia (VA) among patients initiating pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes." | 4.31 | Sulphonylureas versus metformin and the risk of ventricular arrhythmias among people with type 2 diabetes: A population-based cohort study. ( Douros, A; Filion, KB; Islam, N; Reynier, P; Yu, OHY, 2023) |
| "To study the effects of metformin use and vitamin B12 deficiency on stroke rate among patients with T2DM." | 4.31 | The Effect of Metformin on Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Stroke. ( Abu Dahoud, W; Blum, A; Hajouj, T; Horrany, N; Moallem, Y; Zreik, M, 2023) |
| "The anti-diabetic drug metformin might reduce prevalence of chronic low back pain in people who are older, overweight, or less active." | 4.31 | The modifier effect of physical activity, body mass index, and age on the association of metformin and chronic back pain: A cross-sectional analysis of 21,899 participants from the UK Biobank. ( Carvalho-E-Silva, AP; Ferreira, ML; Ferreira, PH; Harmer, AR; Hartvigsen, J, 2023) |
| " Metformin and empagliflozin are two commonly prescribed anti-diabetes drugs which reduce hyperglycemia, however their direct effects on macrophage inflammatory responses alone or in combination are unreported." | 4.31 | Metformin, Empagliflozin, and Their Combination Modulate Ex-Vivo Macrophage Inflammatory Gene Expression. ( Arefin, A; Gage, MC, 2023) |
| "The aim of the study was to investigate immune-mediated (urticaria, allergic contact dermatitis, and psoriasis) and androgen-mediated (acanthosis nigricans, hidradenitis suppurativa, and acne) skin diseases associated with metformin use." | 4.31 | Differential Effects of Metformin on Immune-Mediated and Androgen-Mediated Non-Cancer Skin Diseases in Diabetes Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study. ( Tseng, CH, 2023) |
| "Metformin-associated lactic acidosis is a well-known metformin treatment complication; however, the development of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (euDKA) has rarely been reported." | 4.31 | Severe lactic acidosis with euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis due to metformin overdose. ( Fujimaru, T; Hifumi, T; Ito, Y; Kadota, N; Konishi, K; Kuno, H; Nagahama, M; Nakayama, M; Otani, N; Sekiguchi, M; Taki, F; Watanabe, K, 2023) |
| "To compare the risk of hearing loss with regard to metformin exposure." | 4.31 | Metformin Reduces the Risk of Hearing Loss: A Retrospective Cohort Study. ( Tseng, CH, 2023) |
| "Metformin may have a protective association against developing osteoarthritis (OA), but robust epidemiological data are lacking." | 4.31 | Development of Osteoarthritis in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Metformin vs a Sulfonylurea. ( Baker, MC; Liu, Y; Lu, D; Lu, R; Robinson, WH; Sheth, K, 2023) |
| "Of 60,649 eyes, in 1 year after hypoglycemic agent usage, progression rates from severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) were the following: DPP-4 (17%), SGLT-2 (12%), GLP-1 (21%), metformin (18%), and none (20%)." | 4.31 | Evaluating the Effect of Hypoglycemic Agents on Diabetic Retinopathy Progression. ( Aggarwal, N; Boucher, N; Ho, AC; Rahimy, E; Saroj, N; Wai, KM, 2023) |
| "The study aimed to evaluate the impact of D3 on the COS-markers and matrix metalloproteinases MMP2/MMP9 activity after acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats with experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus (Т2DM) compared to metformin (Met)." | 4.31 | Impact of Vitamin D3 on Carbonyl-Oxidative Stress and Matrix Metalloproteinases after Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Dovban, O; Kharchenko, Y; Kovalchuk, Y; Lievykh, A; Shevtsova, A; Tkachenko, V; Ushakova, G; Zhyliuk, V, 2023) |
| "This study investigated the safe use of metformin in patients with (1) type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and heart failure on metformin, and (2) heart failure without T2DM and metformin naïve." | 4.31 | The safe use of metformin in heart failure patients both with and without T2DM: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study. ( Carland, JE; Chowdhury, G; Day, RO; Graham, G; Greenfield, JR; Hayward, CS; Kumar, S; Kumarasinghe, G; Macdonald, P; Olsen, N; Stocker, SL, 2023) |
| "While this class of drugs holds great promise for cases of refractory hyperinsulinemia and laminitis that do not respond to diet or metformin therapy, hypertriglyceridemia is a potential side effect." | 4.31 | Hypertriglyceridemia in equines with refractory hyperinsulinemia treated with SGLT2 inhibitors. ( Gustafson, KM; Kellon, EM, 2023) |
| "Metformin, the most widely prescribed medication for obesity-associated type 2 diabetes (T2D), lowers plasma glucose levels, food intake, and body weight in rodents and humans, but the mechanistic site(s) of action remain elusive." | 4.31 | Metformin triggers a kidney GDF15-dependent area postrema axis to regulate food intake and body weight. ( Barros, DR; Bruce, K; Cherney, DZ; Chiu, JFM; Danaei, Z; Kuah, R; Lam, TKT; Li, RJW; Lim, YM; Mariani, LH; Reich, HN; Zhang, SY, 2023) |
| "To investigate the impact of metformin on survival of diabetic patients following surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC)." | 4.31 | The impact of metformin on survival in diabetes patients with operable colorectal cancer: A nationwide retrospective cohort study. ( Chu, PT; Chuang, TJ; Huang, SH; Huang, WC; Wang, JH; Wu, TH, 2023) |
| "To assess if switching to or adding sulfonylureas increases major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) or severe hypoglycemia versus remaining on metformin alone." | 4.31 | Sulfonylureas as second line therapy for type 2 diabetes among veterans: Results from a National Longitudinal Cohort Study. ( Axon, RN; Chandler, O; Gebregziabher, M; Strychalski, ML; Taber, DJ; Ward, R; Weeda, ER, 2023) |
| "The use of metformin was associated with lower odds for symptoms of depression (OR 0." | 4.31 | Associations between the Use of Metformin and Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Patients with Alzheimer´s Disease, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - A Register-based Study. ( Kullenberg, H; Kumlin, M; Nyström, T; Svedberg, MM; Wibom, M, 2023) |
| "Our findings showed that Dapagliflozin and Metformin may inhibit bulimia induced obesity with different mechanisms." | 4.31 | Anti-Diabetic Drugs Inhibit Bulimia Induced Obesity. ( Gu, R; Hao, H; Jia, J; Kang, L; Li, Z; Qi, Y; Qiao, S; Sun, X; Wang, K; Xu, B; Zhang, Q; Zhang, X, 2023) |
| "To explore the association between the use of metformin and the risk of ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes." | 4.31 | [Metformin use and risk of ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes: A cohort study]. ( Chen, DF; Hu, YH; Qin, XY; Wang, MY; Wang, SY; Wu, JH; Wu, T; Wu, YQ; Yang, RT; Yu, H, 2023) |
| " We sought to determine the effect of metformin, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i), and insulin on admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), need for assisted ventilation, development of renal insufficiency, and mortality in patients admitted with COVID-19 infection after controlling for clinical variables and other relevant diabetes-related medications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)." | 4.31 | Association of Metformin, Dipeptidyl Dipeptidase-4 Inhibitors, and Insulin with Coronavirus Disease 2019-Related Hospital Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. ( Alwakeel, M; Bena, J; Buehler, L; Lansang, MC; Makin, V; Obiri-Yeboah, D; Pantalone, KM; Zhou, K, 2023) |
| "To estimate the effectiveness of metformin on glycaemic parameters among participants with incident prediabetes attending Australian general practices." | 4.31 | Do patients with prediabetes managed with metformin achieve better glycaemic control? A national study using primary care medical records. ( Begum, M; Bernardo, CO; Gonzalez-Chica, D; Jahan, H; Stocks, N; Zheng, M, 2023) |
| "Metformin metabolism is slowed down in T2DM patients in the hypoxic environment of the plateau; the glucose-lowering effect of the plateau is similar, and the attainment rate is low, the possibility of having serious adverse effects of lactic acidosis is higher in T2DM patients on the plateau than on the control one." | 4.31 | Effects of plateau hypoxia on population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metformin in patients with Type 2 diabetes. ( Hu, L; Li, W; Luo, L; Luo, X; Qin, N; Shen, Y; Sun, Y; Wang, R; Wang, Z, 2023) |
| " When the patients were compared to whether they had diabetes or used metformin, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups according to weight loss." | 4.31 | Comparison of orlistat and orlistat plus metformin therapy between diabetic and nondiabetic groups. ( Coskun, H; Demır, AS; Ersöz, HÖ; Gunay, YE; Karakullukçu, S; Kişioğlu, SV; Kocak, M; Nuhoglu, I; Tufekcı, D, 2023) |
| "Metformin-induced lactic acidosis with acute kidney injury is rare but well known." | 4.31 | Daily dose of metformin caused acute kidney injury with lactic acidosis: a case report. ( Ariga, M; Hagita, J; Kitaichi, K; Oida, Y; Soda, M; Teramachi, H, 2023) |
| "To investigate how sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) add-on therapy for metformin affects diabetic retinopathy (DR) progression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 4.31 | Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor add-on therapy for metformin delays diabetic retinopathy progression in diabetes patients: a population-based cohort study. ( Bair, H; Hsu, CY; Hsu, SB; Hung, YT; Li, JX; Lin, CJ, 2023) |
| "This present study aims to explore the influence of metformin and postoperative insulin pump use on colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who received surgery in terms of short-term and long-term outcomes." | 4.31 | The Use of Metformin and Postoperative Insulin Pump Were Predictive Factors for Outcomes of Diabetic Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery. ( Li, LS; Li, ZW; Liu, F; Liu, XR; Lv, Q; Peng, D; Shu, XP; Tong, Y; Zhang, W, 2023) |
| "New treatments are needed to improve the overall survival of patients with glioblastoma Metformin is known for anti-tumorigenic effects in cancers, including breast and pancreas cancers." | 4.31 | Metformin use is associated with longer survival in glioblastoma patients with MGMT gene silencing. ( Al-Saadi, T; Diaz, RJ; Jatana, S; Khalaf, R; Mohammad, AH; Ruiz-Barerra, MA, 2023) |
| " Metabolic acidosis in a patient with a history of metformin intake should suggest the possibility of metformin-associated lactic acidosis, which must be treated immediately, without waiting for the results of other examinations, especially in patients with sudden blindness." | 4.31 | Reversible acute blindness in suspected metformin-associated lactic acidosis: a case report. ( Huang, R; Sun, W, 2023) |
| "These findings show that metformin provides substantial protection against diabetic cardiomyopathy-induced ROS-p53 mediated fibrosis and dyslipidemia." | 4.31 | Metformin ameliorates ROS-p53-collagen axis of fibrosis and dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus-induced left ventricular injury. ( Al-Ani, B; Al-Hashem, F; Alzamil, NM; Bin-Jaliah, I; Dawood, AF; Haidara, MA; Hewett, PW; Kamar, SS; Latif, NSA; Shatoor, AS, 2023) |
| "This retrospective cohort study determines whether metformin monotherapy or combination therapies can decrease anemia risk in the progress of advanced chronic kidney disease for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 4.12 | Metformin and the Risk of Anemia of Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Fu, SL; Hsiung, CA; Jung, HK; Lai, JN; Liu, HY; Tsai, YT; Wu, CT, 2022) |
| "We compared the efficacy and safety of beinaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue with metformin in lowering the bodyweight of patients who were overweight/obese and non-diabetic." | 4.12 | Comparison of Beinaglutide Versus Metformin for Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Non-diabetic Patients. ( Bi, Y; Feng, W; Fu, Y; Gao, L; Huang, H; Zhang, L; Zhang, N; Zhu, D, 2022) |
| "The authors sought to characterize associations between initiation of metformin and sulfonylurea therapy and clinical outcomes among patients with comorbid heart failure (HF) and diabetes (overall and by ejection fraction [EF] phenotype)." | 4.12 | Clinical Outcomes With Metformin and Sulfonylurea Therapies Among Patients With Heart Failure and Diabetes. ( Butler, J; DeVore, AD; Felker, GM; Fonarow, GC; Green, JB; Greene, SJ; Heidenreich, PA; Hernandez, AF; Khan, MS; Matsouaka, RA; Peterson, PN; Sharma, A; Solomon, N; Yancy, CW, 2022) |
| "Twelve-month metformin treatment reduced fat content, waist circumference, glycated hemoglobin, glucose and triglycerides, as well as improved insulin sensitivity." | 4.12 | Impaired metabolic effects of metformin in men with early-onset androgenic alopecia. ( Kowalcze, K; Krysiak, R; Okopień, B, 2022) |
| "Among 12,631 women with T2DM, insulin use in pregnancy was stable over the study years (55%-60% in the 2nd trimester), but 2nd trimester use of metformin increased from <5% to 20%." | 4.12 | The use of glucose-lowering medications for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus during pregnancy in the United States. ( Bateman, BT; Gray, KJ; Hernández-Díaz, S; Huybrechts, KF; Patorno, E; Seely, EW; Vine, S; Wood, ME, 2022) |
| "Metformin, a traditional first-line pharmacological treatment for type 2 diabetes, has recently been shown to have anti-cancer effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)." | 4.12 | Metformin exerts anti-tumor effects via Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway by targeting AMPK in HepG2 cells. ( Chen, B; Hu, A; Hu, Z; Huang, L; Ji, W; Lai, Z; Liu, Y; Ye, J; Zhang, M; Zhong, J; Zou, H, 2022) |
| "Metformin is hypothesized to protect against the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE); however, there is a paucity of data supporting this hypothesis." | 4.12 | Association of Metformin Use With Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A General-Population-Based Cohort Study. ( Lei, G; Li, C; Li, X; Sha, T; Wei, J; Wu, J; Yang, Z; Zeng, C; Zhang, Y, 2022) |
| "To gain insights on the cardiovascular effects of metformin and sulphonylurea, the present study compares the rates of incident atrial fibrillation, stroke, cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality between metformin and sulphonylurea users in type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 4.12 | Metformin versus sulphonylureas for new onset atrial fibrillation and stroke in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based study. ( Chang, C; Cheng, SH; Chou, OHI; Lee, S; Leung, KSK; Liu, T; Tse, G; Wai, AKC; Wong, WT; Zhang, G; Zhang, Q; Zhou, J, 2022) |
| " Metabolic syndrome and polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosed patients with insulin resistance and/or impaired glucose tolerance, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) treated with metformin were enrolled in study." | 4.12 | Does Metformin Treatment in Pediatric Population Cause Vitamin B12 Deficiency? ( Berberoglu, M; Dogan, O; Eminoglu, FT; Kontbay, T; Kose, E; Siklar, Z; Taş, Ö; Tumer, L, 2022) |
| "Whether metformin exposure is associated with improved outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and sepsis." | 4.12 | Association of Metformin Use During Hospitalization and Mortality in Critically Ill Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Sepsis. ( Angus, DC; Chang, CH; Del Rio-Pertuz, G; Gómez, H; Kellum, JA; Liu, Q; Manrique-Caballero, CL; Murugan, R; Priyanka, P; Wang, S; Zuckerbraun, BS, 2022) |
| " We herein report a case of cardiac dysfunction due to thiamine deficiency after hemodialysis in a patient with suspected biguanide-related lactic acidosis." | 4.12 | Cardiac Dysfunction Due to Thiamine Deficiency after Hemodialysis for Biguanide-related Lactic Acidosis. ( Jimura, F; Kachi, N; Tamaki, H; Tsushima, H, 2022) |
| "The current study was to evaluate the effects of canagliflozin and metformin on insulin resistance and visceral adipose tissue in people with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes." | 4.12 | Effects of canagliflozin and metformin on insulin resistance and visceral adipose tissue in people with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes. ( Hao, Z; Li, G; Liu, Y; Shen, Y; Sun, Y; Wen, Y, 2022) |
| " This study aimed to compare glycemic control and the incidence of hypoglycemia and chronic complications among adult patients with type 2 diabetes prescribed metformin, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4I), and sulfonylurea (SU) as monotherapy or dual combination therapy." | 4.12 | Real-world comparison of mono and dual combination therapies of metformin, sulfonylurea, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors using a common data model: A retrospective observational study. ( Cho, EH; Jin, HY; Kim, SS; Kim, YJ; Lee, KA; Park, TS, 2022) |
| " leprosum (CLF-1) on sucrose-induced hyperglycemia in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) was evaluated." | 4.12 | Hypoglycemic effect on adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) of the 3β-6β-16β-trihydroxylup-20(29)-ene triterpene isolated from Combretum leprosum leaves in vivo and in silico approach. ( Coutinho, MR; da Silva, AW; de Lima Rebouças, E; de Menezes, JESA; Dos Santos, HS; Ferreira, MKA; Marinho, EM; Marinho, ES; Marinho, MM; Mendes, FRS; Teixeira, AMR; Teixeira, EH, 2022) |
| "Metformin has been associated with modest weight reduction in the non-pregnant population." | 4.12 | Weight gain in pregnancy: can metformin steady the scales? ( Adams, JH; Antony, KM; Eddy, A; Hoppe, KK; Iruretagoyena, JI; Poehlmann, J; Racine, JL; Rhoades, J; Stewart, K, 2022) |
| "The main aim was to study whether the long-term incidences of type 2 diabetes, pre-diabetes and metabolic syndrome differed between women who were treated with metformin or insulin for gestational diabetes." | 4.12 | Comparison of glucose metabolism and anthropometry in women with previous gestational diabetes treated with metformin vs. insulin: 9-year follow-up of two randomized trials. ( Huhtala, M; Loo, BM; Niinikoski, H; Nikkinen, H; Paavilainen, E; Rönnemaa, T; Tertti, K; Vääräsmäki, M, 2022) |
| "To assess whether the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor empagliflozin improves cognitive impairment in frail older adults with diabetes and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)." | 4.12 | Empagliflozin Improves Cognitive Impairment in Frail Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. ( Frullone, S; Gambardella, J; Lombardi, A; Macina, G; Mone, P; Morgante, M; Pansini, A; Santulli, G, 2022) |
| "BACKGROUND Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a relatively rare adverse effect of metformin therapy." | 4.12 | Transient Complete Blindness Due to Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis (MALA) Reversed with Hemodialysis. ( Barusya, C; Charokopos, A; Dumic, I; Knopps, L; Rueda Prada, L; Subramanian, A; Zurob, AS, 2022) |
| " CMF, the combination of cyclophosphamide (CYP), methotrexate (MTX), and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), is employed for the treatment of several types of cancers, such as metastatic breast cancer." | 4.12 | Effects of CMF and MET on glutamate and dopamine levels in the brain, and their impact on cognitive function. ( Abdellatif, AAH; Aldubayan, MA; Alhowail, AH; Almogbel, YS; Chigurupati, S; Nemala, RA, 2022) |
| " We used blinded continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and self-report to compare hypoglycemia rates and duration in 179 type 2 diabetes patients treated with sulphonylureas (n=100) and insulin (n=51) in comparison with those treated with metformin only (n=28)." | 4.12 | Continuous glucose monitoring demonstrates low risk of clinically significant hypoglycemia associated with sulphonylurea treatment in an African type 2 diabetes population: results from the OPTIMAL observational multicenter study. ( Balungi, PA; Carr, ALJ; Hattersley, AT; Jones, AG; Mwebaze, R; Niwaha, AJ; Nyirenda, MJ; Rodgers, LR; Shields, BM, 2022) |
| "Metformin treatment was associated with a higher T-score and a lower odds ratio of osteopenia and osteoporosis, especially in the female population, independent of age, BMI, and eGFR." | 4.12 | Metformin treatment is associated with an increase in bone mineral density in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in China: A retrospective single center study. ( He, H; Jiang, L; Lee, KO; Li, D; Liu, Q; Ma, J; Sun, J, 2022) |
| "To investigate the effect of metformin on the decreased risk of developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for ≥10 years." | 4.12 | Association between metformin use and the risk of age-related macular degeneration in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective study. ( Chen, Y; Fan, G; Jiang, J; Wang, N; Wang, Z; Yuan, W; Zhang, H; Zhao, T; Zheng, D, 2022) |
| "Evidence of metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) in advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been limited due to high mortality rate but rare incidence rate." | 4.12 | Relationship between metformin use and lactic acidosis in advanced chronic kidney disease: The REMIND-TMU study. ( Chang, TH; Chen, C; Chen, CC; Chen, CH; Hung, YJ; Ke, SS; Ko, Y; Kuo, KN; Wei, TE, 2022) |
| "Co-administration of metformin (250 mg/kg) with berberine (125 mg/kg) could not only further improve insulin sensitivity, but also demonstrate different alterations on gut microbial communities than that of their individual treatment in db/db mice." | 4.12 | Effects of combination treatment with metformin and berberine on hypoglycemic activity and gut microbiota modulation in db/db mice. ( Kong, APS; Li, D; Li, Z; Lyu, Y; Ming, X; Shaw, PC; Yuan, X; Zhang, C; Zhang, J; Zuo, Z, 2022) |
| "Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a rare but life-threatening condition." | 4.12 | A patient with severe metformin-associated lactic acidosis complicated by acute coronary syndrome: a case report. ( Ahmed, A; Gudowski, C; Mammadova, N; Pliquett, RU; Shkodivskyi, P; Soukup, J, 2022) |
| "Whether pioglitazone may affect breast cancer risk in female diabetes patients is not conclusive and has not been investigated in the Asian populations." | 4.12 | Pioglitazone and breast cancer risk in female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort analysis. ( Tseng, CH, 2022) |
| "Recent studies suggest that the diabetes drug metformin has a protective effect on open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD)." | 4.12 | Association of Diabetes Medication With Open-Angle Glaucoma, Age-Related Macular Degeneration, and Cataract in the Rotterdam Study. ( Ahmadizar, F; Kavousi, M; Klaver, CCW; Ramdas, WD; Stricker, BH; Thee, EF; van Duijn, CM; Vergroesen, JE, 2022) |
| "Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is an extremely rare but life-threatening adverse effect of metformin treatment." | 4.12 | Metformin-associated Lactic Acidosis with Hypoglycemia during the COVID-19 Pandemic. ( Hazama, Y; Irie, Y; Kosugi, M; Maruo, Y; Obata, Y; Takayama, K; Yamaguchi, H; Yasuda, T, 2022) |
| "Among 8613 first-line SGLT-2i initiators matched to 17 226 metformin initiators, SGLT-2i initiators had a similar risk for MI/stroke/mortality (HR, 0." | 4.12 | Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients Initiating First-Line Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes With Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors Versus Metformin : A Cohort Study. ( Glynn, RJ; Patorno, E; Schneeweiss, S; Shin, H, 2022) |
| "T2DM patients that performed regular exercise, had normal renal function and were receiving metformin were more likely to have clinically meaningful body weight reduction after one year treatment with dapagliflozin." | 4.12 | Predictors for successful weight reduction during treatment with Dapagliflozin among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in primary care. ( Huh, Y; Kim, YS, 2022) |
| " This self-controlled case series study aims to evaluate whether metformin use and SGLT2i-associated erythrocytosis influence its cardiovascular benefits." | 4.12 | Cardiovascular benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes, interaction with metformin and role of erythrocytosis: a self-controlled case series study. ( Au, ICH; Lau, KTK; Lee, CH; Lee, CYY; Lui, DTW; Tan, KCB; Tang, EHM; Wong, CKH; Woo, YC, 2022) |
| "The study suggests that the prolonged effect of metformin-induced euglycemia promoted the microglial activation, reduced neuronal cell death, and improved the overall survival following stroke, without any change in infarct size." | 4.12 | The effect of chronic exposure to metformin in a new type-2 diabetic NONcNZO10/LtJ mouse model of stroke. ( Kimball, SR; Kumari, R; Simpson, IA; Willing, L, 2022) |
| "We conducted this study to compare the risks of asthma development and exacerbation between metformin users and nonusers." | 4.12 | Metformin and the Development of Asthma in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. ( Hsu, CC; Hwu, CM; Pan, WL; Shih, YH; Wei, JC; Yen, FS, 2022) |
| "Evidence from previous studies suggests a protective effect of metformin in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC)." | 4.12 | The effect of metformin on the survival of colorectal cancer patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Christou, N; Jost, J; Magne, J; Manceur, K; Mathonnet, M; Tarhini, Z, 2022) |
| "In this study, we showed that pre-stroke metformin use was associated with favorable outcome after acute ischemic stroke in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2." | 4.12 | Effect of metformin on outcome after acute ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( den Hertog, HM; Haalboom, M; Heijmans, E; Kersten, CJBA; Knottnerus, ILH; Zandbergen, AAM, 2022) |
| "To use the framework of the Health Belief Model (HBM) to explore factors associated with metformin use among adults with prediabetes." | 4.12 | Health Beliefs Associated With Metformin Use Among Insured Adults With Prediabetes. ( Herman, WH; Hurst, TE; Joiner, KL; McEwen, LN, 2022) |
| "Metformin has demonstrated a chemoprotective effect in breast cancer but there is limited evidence on the effect of cumulative exposure to metformin and the risk of hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR + /HER2-) breast cancer." | 4.12 | Dose-dependent relation between metformin and the risk of hormone receptor-positive, her2-negative breast cancer among postmenopausal women with type-2 diabetes. ( Abughosh, SM; Aparasu, RR; Chikermane, SG; Johnson, ML; Sharma, M; Trivedi, MV, 2022) |
| " Metformin, a common therapeutic option for hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes patients known to partially attenuate fatty liver, reduces the infection of human and hACE2 hepatocytes." | 4.12 | The spike of SARS-CoV-2 promotes metabolic rewiring in hepatocytes. ( Azkargorta, M; Bravo, M; Delgado, TC; Egia-Mendikute, L; Eguileor Giné, A; Elortza, F; Ereño-Orbea, J; Gil-Pitarch, C; Goikoetxea-Usandizaga, N; González-Recio, I; Jiménez-Barbero, J; Jover, R; Lachiondo-Ortega, S; Lee, SY; Martínez-Chantar, ML; Martínez-Cruz, LA; Mercado-Gómez, M; Nogueiras, R; Palazon, A; Petrov, P; Prevot, V; Prieto-Fernández, E; Rodríguez-Agudo, R; Serrano-Maciá, M; Simón, J; Vila-Vecilla, L, 2022) |
| "Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a rare event but underrecognition may lead to unfavorable outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients." | 4.12 | Metformin-associated lactic acidosis and factors associated with 30-day mortality. ( Jayanama, K; Nongnuch, A; Parapiboon, W; Phonyangnok, B; Pichitporn, W; Sumrittivanicha, J; Sungkanuparph, S; Thammavaranucupt, K; Wongluechai, L, 2022) |
| "This study established a model to predict the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR) with amino acids selected by partial least squares (PLS) method, and evaluated the effect of metformin on the effect of amino acids on DR in the model." | 4.12 | A new predictive model for the concurrent risk of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes patients and the effect of metformin on amino acids. ( Cao, Y; Huang, B; Jiang, R; Luo, W; Song, Z, 2022) |
| " We aimed to investigate the risk of major osteoporotic fractures (MOF) with SGLT2 inhibitors compared to glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists when used as add-on therapies to metformin." | 4.12 | SGLT2 inhibitor treatment is not associated with an increased risk of osteoporotic fractures when compared to GLP-1 receptor agonists: A nationwide cohort study. ( Al-Mashhadi, ZK; Gregersen, S; Starup-Linde, J; Vestergaard, P; Viggers, R, 2022) |
| " This study intends to examine the effects of sea buckthorn and metformin on body weight, water and feed intake, glycaemia, insulinemia, sorbitol accumulation and cataract development in Zucker diabetic fatty rats, which represent an animal model of type 2 Diabetes mellitus, as well as to characterize the individual content of bioactive substances and the antioxidant activity of sea buckthorn." | 4.12 | The consumption of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) effectively alleviates type 2 diabetes symptoms in spontaneous diabetic rats. ( Brindza, J; Capcarova, M; Dupak, R; Hrnkova, J; Ivanisova, E; Kalafova, A; Kovac, J; Prnova, MS; Schneidgenova, M; Simonova, N; Tokarova, K, 2022) |
| "Emerging evidence showed metformin may have pleiotropic effects on ameliorating depression." | 4.12 | Association of metformin and depression in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Hu, Y; Qin, X; Wang, S; Wu, J; Wu, T; Wu, Y; Yang, R; Yu, H, 2022) |
| "Metformin users compared with sulfonylurea users were associated with a lower risk of all-cause dementia, AD and VD but not with PD or MCI." | 4.12 | Comparative effect of metformin versus sulfonylureas with dementia and Parkinson's disease risk in US patients over 50 with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Duijn, CMV; Fernandes, M; Ghose, U; Launer, LJ; Li, QS; Linden, AB; Molero, Y; Nevado-Holgado, AJ; Newby, D; Sproviero, W; Winchester, L, 2022) |
| "Among individuals with prediabetes in Saudi Arabia, metformin use was very low despite the evidence supporting its safety, convenience, and efficacy." | 4.12 | The use of metformin for type 2 diabetes prevention: Observational multicenter study from Saudi Arabia. ( Al Yami, MS; Al-Azzeh, O; Alfayez, OM; Aljabri, AF; Almalki, OS; Almohammed, OA; Almutairi, FS; Alsallum, AA, 2022) |
| "The study aims to investigate the effect of metformin on Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who received transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for the first time." | 4.12 | Transarterial chemoembolization combined with metformin improves the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Chen, ML; Han, JJ; Sun, YD; Tian, SL; Wu, CX; Zhang, H; Zhang, JB, 2022) |
| " The aim of this study is the comparison of 3 mg liraglutide and metformin combination, metformin monotherapy on the blood glucose regulation, weight loss and lipid panel in the patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus whose BMI is ≥ 30 kg/m2." | 4.12 | Comparison of the effect of liraglutide and metformin therapy on the disease regulation and weight loss in obese patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Keskin, L; Yaprak, B, 2022) |
| "To compare the risk of gingival and periodontal diseases (GPD) between ever users and never users of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 4.12 | Metformin and risk of gingival/periodontal diseases in diabetes patients: A retrospective cohort study. ( Tseng, CH, 2022) |
| " We aimed to investigate the risk of major osteoporotic fractures (MOF) for treatment with GLP-1RA compared to dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) as add-on therapies to metformin." | 4.12 | The risk of major osteoporotic fractures with GLP-1 receptor agonists when compared to DPP-4 inhibitors: A Danish nationwide cohort study. ( Al-Mashhadi, ZK; Fuglsang-Nielsen, R; Gregersen, S; Starup-Linde, J; Vestergaard, P; Viggers, R, 2022) |
| "Our results suggest that metformin can be regarded as an anti-aging compound in Drosophila muscle." | 4.12 | Metformin suppresses progression of muscle aging via activation of the AMP kinase-mediated pathways in Drosophila adults. ( Inoue, YH; Kohno, N; Le, TD; Nishida, H; Ozaki, M; Suzuta, S, 2022) |
| " The relationship between metformin use and delirium, and the relationship between metformin use and 3-year mortality were investigated." | 4.12 | The potential benefit of metformin to reduce delirium risk and mortality: a retrospective cohort study. ( Akers, CC; Anderson, ZE; Chang, G; Cho, HR; Comp, KR; Crutchley, KJ; Iwata, M; Jellison, SS; Lee, S; Marra, PS; Meyer, AA; Modukuri, M; Shinozaki, E; Shinozaki, G; Sullivan, EJ; Tran, T; Wahba, NE; Yamanashi, T, 2022) |
| "The objective of this study was to evaluate QoL in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with hypertension after add-on empagliflozin to triple drug therapy (metformin, teneligliptin, and glimepiride)." | 4.12 | Impact of empagliflozin add-on therapy on quality of life in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus with hypertension: A prospective study. ( Bhat, MH; Masoodi, SR; Mir, SA; Najar, IA; Patyar, RR; Patyar, S, 2022) |
| "To compare the risk of myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke, or cardiovascular death in patients with T2D treated with mitoKATP channel high-affinity sulfonylureas and low-affinity sulfonylureas as add-on to metformin." | 4.12 | Comparison of Mitochondrial Adenosine Triphosphate-Sensitive Potassium Channel High- vs Low-Affinity Sulfonylureas and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Metformin. ( Hsu, YJ; Huang, YL; Lai, JH; Lee, CH; Lin, C; Lin, TC; Pan, HY; Wang, MT; Wang, PC; Wu, LW, 2022) |
| "Metformin, a diabetes drug with anti-aging cellular responses, has complex actions that may alter dementia onset." | 4.12 | Causal inference in medical records and complementary systems pharmacology for metformin drug repurposing towards dementia. ( Albers, MW; Betensky, RA; Blacker, D; Boswell, S; Charpignon, ML; Das, S; Evans, K; Finkelstein, SN; Hyman, BT; Magdamo, C; Middleton, L; Rodriguez, S; Sheu, YH; Sokolov, A; Somai, M; Su, B; Tzoulaki, I; Vakulenko-Lagun, B; Welsch, RE; Zheng, B, 2022) |
| " The moderate hyperglycaemia seen in prediabetes can be treated using a combination of metformin and lifestyle interventions (low-calorie diets and exercising)." | 4.12 | Ameliorative Effects of a Rhenium (V) Compound with Uracil-Derived Ligand Markers Associated with Hyperglycaemia-Induced Renal Dysfunction in Diet-Induced Prediabetic Rats. ( Akinnuga, AM; Booysen, IN; Ismail, MB; Khathi, A; Khumalo, B; Ngubane, P; Sibiya, NH; Siboto, A, 2022) |
| "To assess whether metformin is associated with dry age-related macular degeneration (dAMD) development." | 4.12 | Association of metformin and development of dry age-related macular degeneration in a U.S. insurance claims database. ( Besirli, CG; Eton, EA; Hua, P; McGeehan, B; VanderBeek, BL; Wubben, TJ, 2022) |
| "This study aims to assess the prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), heart failure (HF), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and their combined presence in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients in primary care for whom the 2019 ADA/EASD consensus update "Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes" recommends GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) or sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-I) as first-line medications after metformin." | 4.12 | Prevalence of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure, and Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Primary Care Research Network-based Study. ( Goderis, G; Mamouris, P; Mathieu, C; Vaes, B; van Craeyveld, E, 2022) |
| "From the Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, we selected propensity-score matched metformin users and nonusers from the cohorts of type 2 diabetes mellitus with compensated (n = 26 164) or decompensated liver cirrhosis (n = 15 056) between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2009, and followed them until 31 December 2010." | 4.12 | Metformin use and cirrhotic decompensation in patients with type 2 diabetes and liver cirrhosis. ( Hou, MC; Hsu, CC; Huang, YH; Hwu, CM; Lo, YR; Shin, SJ; Yen, FS, 2022) |
| " Metformin is regarded the first-line diabetes therapy for all ages; still it is associated with weight loss and frailty in older adults." | 4.12 | Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in older adults: eight case studies with focus SGLT-2 inhibitors and metformin. ( Bahat, G; Catikkas, NM; Karan, MA; Petrovic, M, 2022) |
| "Metformin has been extensively used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and it may also promote healthy aging." | 4.12 | The Gut Microbiome, Metformin, and Aging. ( Induri, SNR; Kansara, P; Li, X; Saxena, D; Thomas, SC; Xu, F, 2022) |
| "The current study was conducted to investigate the nephroprotective effects of vildagliptin-metformin combination in an experimental model of fructose/salt-induced metabolic syndrome (MetS)." | 4.12 | Vitamin D3 potentiates the nephroprotective effects of vildagliptin-metformin combination in a rat model of metabolic syndrome. ( Abdel-Aal, M; Abdel-Ghany, RH; Alsemeh, AE; Ghareib, SA; Sabry, D; Wahba, NS, 2022) |
| "Lactic acidosis is the most important and life-threatening side effect of metformin that is widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 4.02 | Continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration in metformin-associated lactic acidosis caused by a suicide attempt: A report of two cases. ( Temizkan Kırkayak, AG; Tuncali, B; Zeyneloğlu, P, 2021) |
| "Although recent studies have focused on the use of metformin in treating ischemic stroke, there is little literature to support whether it can treat intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)." | 4.02 | Prestroke Metformin Use on the 1-Year Prognosis of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. ( Liu, Q; Sun, BL; Tu, WJ; Wang, K; Wang, Y; Zeng, Q; Zeng, X, 2021) |
| "Metformin, a commonly used well-tolerated treatment for type 2 diabetes, is being deployed in clinical trials to ameliorate aging in older nondiabetic humans." | 4.02 | Metformin Treatment in Old Rats and Effects on Mitochondrial Integrity. ( Aiken, JM; Goldwater, DS; Herbst, A; Hoang, A; Kim, C; McKenzie, D; Wanagat, J, 2021) |
| " Here, we present a case of a diabetic patient with acute kidney injury, metformin-associated lactic acidosis, and COVID-19." | 4.02 | Metformin-associated lactic acidosis and acute kidney injury in the era of COVID-19. ( Kalaitzidis, RG; Koukoulaki, M; Theofilis, P; Vlachopanos, G; Vordoni, A, 2021) |
| "The present study evaluated the effects of dapagliflozin, a SGLT2 inhibitor, or dapagliflozin plus metformin versus metformin monotherapy in patients with metabolic syndrome." | 4.02 | Dapagliflozin, metformin, monotherapy or both in patients with metabolic syndrome. ( Cheng, L; Fan, Y; Fu, Q; Lin, W; Liu, F; Wu, X; Zhang, X; Zhou, L, 2021) |
| " Current data suggest that the mechanism of action of metformin contributes to the development of an anti-inflammatory effect, as well as a decrease in the level of uric acid, and its use can be potentially useful in patients with hyperuricemia and gout." | 4.02 | [Advantages of the use of metformin in patients with impaired uric acid metabolism]. ( Eliseev, MS; Nasonov, EL; Panevin, TS; Zhelyabina, OV, 2021) |
| "The aim of this case report is to specify the frequency and mortality of Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis (MALA) in emergency medicine, as the diagnosis seems to occur more often than estimated." | 4.02 | Metformin Associated Lactic Acidosis in Clinical Practice - A Case Series. ( Kellerer, M; Schädle, P; Tschritter, O, 2021) |
| "Recent reports suggest that the negative association between diabetes mellitus and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) may be driven by metformin, the world's most common antidiabetic drug rather than diabetes per se." | 4.02 | Metformin Prescription Associated with Reduced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Growth Rate and Reduced Chemokine Expression in a Swedish Cohort. ( Bjarnegård, N; De Basso, R; Gottsäter, A; Mani, K; Unosson, J; Wågsäter, D; Wanhainen, A; Welander, M, 2021) |
| "Although hemodialysis is recommended for patients with severe metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA), the amount of metformin removed by hemodialysis is poorly documented." | 4.02 | A Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Hemodialysis for Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis. ( Biary, R; Harding, SA; Hoffman, RS; Howland, MA; Su, MK, 2021) |
| "Metformin use in patients with cirrhosis and diabetes appears safe and is associated independently with reduced overall, but not liver-related, mortality, hepatocellular carcinoma, or decompensation after adjusting for concomitant statin and angiotensinogen-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin-2-receptor blocker exposure." | 4.02 | Effects of Metformin Exposure on Survival in a Large National Cohort of Patients With Diabetes and Cirrhosis. ( Albrecht, J; Aytaman, A; Baytarian, M; Fox, R; Hunt, K; John, BV; Kaplan, DE; Lerer, R; Mehta, R; Serper, M; Taddei, TH; Tessiatore, KM, 2021) |
| "This study aimed to investigate the association between metformin usage and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort database." | 4.02 | Metformin usage and the risk of colorectal cancer: a national cohort study. ( Bae, YJ; Choi, EA; Han, YE; Kang, HT; Kim, HS; Kim, J; Kim, Y; Kim, YS; Lee, JW; You, HS, 2021) |
| "To assess the impact of metformin use on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in tuberculosis (TB) patients who are presented with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 4.02 | Impact of metformin therapy on health-related quality of life outcomes in tuberculosis patients with diabetes mellitus in India: A prospective study. ( Kapur, P; Khayyam, KU; Krishan, S; Mishra, R; Rai, PK; Sharma, M; Siddiqui, AN, 2021) |
| "To investigate the metformin effect on the risk of osteoporosis (OS) and/or vertebral fracture (VF)." | 4.02 | Metformin use is associated with a lower risk of osteoporosis/vertebral fracture in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Tseng, CH, 2021) |
| "Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a widely documented adverse event of metformin." | 4.02 | The usefulness of measuring the anion gap in diagnosing metformin-associated lactic acidosis: a case series. ( Agra-Montava, I; Juanes-Borrego, A; Lozano-Polo, L; Mangues-Bafalluy, MA; Puig-Campmany, M; Ruiz-Ramos, J, 2021) |
| "Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been associated with increased breast cancer risk, but commonly prescribed antidiabetic medications such as metformin may reduce risk." | 4.02 | A prospective study of type 2 diabetes, metformin use, and risk of breast cancer. ( Bookwalter, DB; Jackson, CL; O'Brien, KM; Park, YM; Sandler, DP; Weinberg, CR, 2021) |
| "Metformin was significantly associated with reduced mortality in women with obesity or type 2 diabetes who were admitted to hospital for COVID-19." | 4.02 | Metformin and risk of mortality in patients hospitalised with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort analysis. ( Abdelwahab, N; Benson, B; Bramante, CT; Feng, R; Gronski, J; Guzman, G; Hovertsen, S; Ingraham, NE; King, S; Marmor, S; McNeil, C; Meehan, T; Murray, TA; Pendleton, KM; Tamariz, L; Tignanelli, CJ; Vojta, D, 2021) |
| "Compare rates of lactic acidosis (LA) among metformin-exposed and unexposed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and varying degrees of chronic kidney disease (CKD)." | 4.02 | Lactic acidosis incidence with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: A retrospective nested case-control study. ( Alvarez, CA; Chansard, M; Halm, EA; Hennessy, S; Lingvay, I; McGuire, DK; Miller, RT; Mortensen, EM; Pugh, MJV; Vouri, SM; Yang, H; Zullo, AR, 2021) |
| "Although there is growing evidence of metformin's pleiotropic effects, including possible effects on pain, there is a lack of studies investigating the association of metformin with the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among a large cohort with type 2 diabetes cohort." | 4.02 | The effect of the anti-diabetic drug metformin on musculoskeletal pain: A cross-sectional study with 21,889 individuals from the UK biobank. ( Carvalho-E-Silva, AP; Ferreira, ML; Ferreira, PH; Harmer, AR, 2021) |
| "There are still inconsistencies about the role of metformin on breast cancer." | 4.02 | The Effect of Metformin on Survival Outcomes of Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. ( Behrouzi, B; Emami, AH; Mohagheghi, MA; Sadighi, S; Zokaasadi, M, 2021) |
| " Its circulating levels are acutely increased by the type 2 diabetes medication metformin, resulting in reduced appetite and weight loss." | 4.02 | Genetically proxied growth-differentiation factor 15 levels and body mass index. ( Gill, D; Karhunen, V; Larsson, SC, 2021) |
| " Insulin and C-peptide responses and insulin sensitivity were calculated from 2-h oral glucose tolerance tests." | 4.02 | Association of glycemia with insulin sensitivity and β-cell function in adults with early type 2 diabetes on metformin alone. ( Banerji, MA; Barzilay, J; Cohen, RM; Gonzalez, EV; Ismail-Beigi, F; Kahn, SE; Lachin, JM; Mather, KJ; Raskin, P; Rasouli, N; Utzschneider, KM; Wexler, DJ; Younes, N, 2021) |
| " Each 10% increase in 1-year adherence to metformin reduced cancer-specific mortality among women with breast cancer (adjusted HR = 0." | 4.02 | Metformin and cancer-specific survival among breast, colorectal, or endometrial cancer patients: A nationwide data linkage study. ( Feng, JL; Qin, X, 2021) |
| "Long-term use of metformin was associated with reduced risk of pneumonia and pneumonia-related death among Chinese individuals with diabetes." | 4.02 | Long-term metformin use and risk of pneumonia and related death in type 2 diabetes: a registry-based cohort study. ( Chan, JCN; Chow, E; Kong, APS; Lau, ESH; Luk, AOY; Ma, RCW; Shi, M; So, WY; Wu, H; Yang, A, 2021) |
| "To our knowledge, no meta-analyses or reviews have investigated the efficacy and safety of metformin on cardiovascular outcomes after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 4.02 | Effects of continuous use of metformin on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes after acute myocardial infarction: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Shen, C; Tan, S; Yang, J, 2021) |
| "To explore the effects of second-line combination therapies with metformin on body weight, HbA1c and health-related quality of life, as well as the risks of hypoglycaemia and further treatment intensification in the DISCOVER study, a 3-year, prospective, global observational study of patients with type 2 diabetes initiating second-line glucose-lowering therapy." | 4.02 | Associations between second-line glucose-lowering combination therapies with metformin and HbA1c, body weight, quality of life, hypoglycaemic events and glucose-lowering treatment intensification: The DISCOVER study. ( Charbonnel, B; Chen, H; Cooper, A; Gomes, MB; Ji, L; Khunti, K; Leigh, P; Nicolucci, A; Rathmann, W; Shestakova, MV; Siddiqui, A; Tang, F; Watada, H, 2021) |
| "The relationship between type 2 diabetes (T2D), metformin, and breast cancer is complex." | 4.02 | Making sense of associations between type 2 diabetes, metformin, and breast cancer risk. ( Park, YM; Sandler, DP, 2021) |
| "Dual therapy with metformin (Met) + dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i), Met + thiazolidinedione (TZD), and sulfonylurea (SU) + thiazolidinediones (TZD) were significantly associated with all-cause dementia (HR = 0." | 4.02 | The Association Between Second-Line Oral Antihyperglycemic Medication on Types of Dementia in Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Real-World Longitudinal Study. ( Han, K; Kim, WJ; Noh, JH; Park, CY, 2021) |
| " We compared patients who received metformin throughout pregnancy to those with no metformin exposure." | 4.02 | Metformin Exposure and Risk of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. ( Adams, JH; Antony, KM; Eddy, A; Hoppe, KK; Iruretagoyena, JI; Racine, JL; Rhoades, JS; Stewart, KS, 2021) |
| " Based on metformin and other anti-diabetic agent prescriptions, we categorized all patients with autoimmune diseases into either the metformin group (metformin administration for at least 28 days) or the non-metformin group." | 4.02 | Reduced Mortality Associated With the Use of Metformin Among Patients With Autoimmune Diseases. ( Chen, TH; Hsu, CY; Lin, CY; Lin, MS; Lin, YS; Su, YJ; Wu, CH, 2021) |
| "The effect of metformin on primary bone cancer risk has not been researched." | 4.02 | Metformin and primary bone cancer risk in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Tseng, CH, 2021) |
| "This retrospective cohort study used the nationwide database of Taiwan's National Health Insurance to investigate whether metformin would reduce the risk of acute appendicitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 4.02 | Metformin use is associated with a reduced risk of acute appendicitis in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Tseng, CH, 2021) |
| " Metformin and renin-angiotensin system blockers were negatively associated with albuminuria and chronic kidney disease stages (p < 0." | 4.02 | Diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study. ( Abdulraheem, AM; Abufaraj, M; Al-Sabbagh, MQ; Albtoosh, A; Aljabiri, H; Arabiat, M; Farah, RI; Momani, MS, 2021) |
| "In this analysis of electronic health record data from a large database in China, metformin as first-line monotherapy greatly reduced the risk of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, and heart failure in diabetes patients as compared with nonmetformin medications." | 4.02 | Risk of Death and Heart Failure among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Treated by Metformin and Nonmetformin Monotherapy: A Real-World Study. ( Chen, X; Chen, Y; He, S; Li, G; Qian, X; Shen, X; Xu, X; Zhang, B, 2021) |
| "Sixty-two obese patients in treatment with metformin-with prediabetes (n = 41) or newly diagnosed T2DM (n = 21), were studied." | 4.02 | Insulin resistance and NAFLD may influence memory performance in obese patients with prediabetes or newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes. ( Ciotti, S; Cipollone, F; Consoli, A; Desideri, G; Di Castelnuovo, A; Guagnano, MT; Liani, R; Santilli, F; Simeone, PG; Tartaro, A; Tripaldi, R; Vadini, F, 2021) |
| "To determine the association between metformin use and asthma exacerbations among patients with diabetes." | 4.02 | Metformin Use and Risk of Asthma Exacerbation Among Asthma Patients with Glycemic Dysfunction. ( Akenroye, A; Fawzy, A; Hansel, NN; Keet, C; McCormack, MC; Wu, TD, 2021) |
| "Numerous studies have suggested that metformin treatment can increase breast cancer survival; however, it is unclear whether its effects interact with intrinsic subtype or diabetic status." | 4.02 | Potential intrinsic subtype dependence on the association between metformin use and survival in surgically resected breast cancer: a Korean national population-based study. ( Cho, MJ; Kim, BH; Kwon, J, 2021) |
| "Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a gut-microbiota-dependent metabolite generated from its dietary precursors such as choline, has been identified as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis." | 4.02 | Metformin alleviates choline diet-induced TMAO elevation in C57BL/6J mice by influencing gut-microbiota composition and functionality. ( Du, Y; Hong, B; Li, X; Su, C; Wang, L; Yang, Y; Zhang, X, 2021) |
| "The metformin treatment counteracted the development of depression-like behaviors in mice suffering SDS when administered alone and enhanced the anti-depressant effect of fluoxetine when combined with fluoxetine." | 3.96 | Metformin ameliorates stress-induced depression-like behaviors via enhancing the expression of BDNF by activating AMPK/CREB-mediated histone acetylation. ( Chen, X; Dai, X; Fang, W; Hong, L; Huang, W; Ye, Q; Zhang, J, 2020) |
| " We aim to study the profile of duodenal cytokines and chemokines in patients with morbid obesity (MO), its relation with insulin resistance (IR) and the intake of metformin, and with the evolution of MO after sleeve gastrectomy (SG)." | 3.96 | A lower duodenal immune response is associated with an increase of insulin resistance in patients with morbid obesity. ( Alcaín-Martínez, G; Escamilla, A; Garcia-Fuentes, E; Garcia-Muñoz, B; García-Serrano, S; Garrido-Sanchez, L; Gonzalo, M; Ho-Plagaro, A; Montiel-Casado, C; Rodriguez, C; Ruiz-Santana, N; Santiago-Fernandez, C; Vázquez-Pedreño, L, 2020) |
| "We aimed to estimate colorectal cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using metformin." | 3.96 | Positive effect of metformin treatment in colorectal cancer patients with type 2 diabetes: national cohort study. ( Dulskas, A; Linkeviciute-Ulinskiene, D; Patasius, A; Smailyte, G; Urbonas, V; Zabuliene, L, 2020) |
| "To investigate the association between use of insulin or metformin with colorectal cancer (CRC) in type 2 diabetes (T2DM)." | 3.96 | Insulin enhances and metformin reduces risk of colorectal carcinoma in type-2 diabetes. ( Chen, CH; Hsu, CY; Kao, CH; Lin, CL, 2020) |
| "The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends that treatment with metformin be considered for prevention of type 2 diabetes in persons with prediabetes." | 3.96 | Trends in Self-reported Prediabetes and Metformin Use in the USA: NHANES 2005-2014. ( Foti, K; Grams, ME; Liu, C; Selvin, E; Shin, JI, 2020) |
| "Using a propensity score matching of 1:2 ratio, this retrospective claims database study compared metformin prescription (n = 130) and non-metformin therapy (n = 260) in patients with T2DM and hypertension and without clinical signs or symptoms of heart failure." | 3.96 | Association between long-term prescription of metformin and the progression of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. ( Gu, J; Wang, CQ; Yin, ZF; Zhang, JF, 2020) |
| " In both groups, metformin reduced glucose levels, homeostasis model assessment 1 of insulin resistance index (HOMA1-IR), thyrotropin levels and Jostel's thyrotropin index, as well as increased SPINA-GT." | 3.96 | The impact of oral hormonal contraception on metformin action on hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis activity in women with diabetes and prediabetes: A pilot study. ( Kowalcze, K; Krysiak, R; Okopień, B; Wolnowska, M, 2020) |
| "Initial triple combination therapy with the DPP4 inhibitor, metformin, and thiazolidinedione showed a higher achievement of the target HbA1c goal with a lower risk of hypoglycemia, better restoration of β-cell function, and multiple metabolic benefits, implying durable glycemic control." | 3.96 | Therapeutic efficacy and safety of initial triple combination of metformin, sitagliptin, and lobeglitazone in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes: initial triple study. ( Davies, MJ; Kim, KM; Ku, EJ; Lee, JE; Lee, JH; Lee, SY; Lim, S, 2020) |
| "The FDA approved 'label' for metformin lists hepatic insufficiency as a risk for lactic acidosis." | 3.96 | The safety and pharmacokinetics of metformin in patients with chronic liver disease. ( Braithwaite, HE; Carland, JE; Cheng, TS; Danta, M; Day, RO; Graham, GG; Greenfield, JR; Kumar, SS; Liu, Z; Smith, FC; Stocker, SL; Williams, KM, 2020) |
| "Metformin may decrease cell senescence, including bone; hence we aimed at evaluating the association between metformin use and osteoporosis." | 3.96 | Metformin use is associated with a lower risk of osteoporosis in adult women independent of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. REDLINC IX study. ( Aedo, S; Arriola-Montenegro, J; Arteaga, E; Belardo, A; Blümel, JE; Chedraui, P; Fighera, TM; López, M; Martino, M; Miranda, C; Miranda, O; Mostajo, D; Ñañez, M; Ojeda, E; Pilnik, S; Rojas, J; Salinas, C; Sosa, L; Spritzer, PM; Tserotas, K; Vallejo, MS, 2020) |
| "Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a difficult to diagnose and potentially life-threatening disease." | 3.96 | [Severe Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis in a 67-Year-Old Patient]. ( Keßler, M; Rattka, M; Rottbauer, W, 2020) |
| " The secondary outcome was metformin-associated lactic acidosis." | 3.96 | The Long-term Effects of Metformin on Patients With Type 2 Diabetic Kidney Disease. ( An, JN; Kim, CT; Kim, DK; Kim, YC; Kim, YS; Kwon, S; Lee, J; Lee, JP; Lim, CS; Oh, S; Oh, YK; Park, JY; Park, S, 2020) |
| "Prior metformin therapy was not significantly associated with the risk of sepsis and 30-day mortality after diagnosis of sepsis among diabetes patients." | 3.96 | Association between prior metformin therapy and sepsis in diabetes patients: a nationwide sample cohort study. ( Oh, TK; Song, IA, 2020) |
| "We studied a large cohort of early-stage, hormone-positive breast cancer patients to determine if there is an association between RS and metformin treatment." | 3.96 | Diabetes and Metformin Association with Recurrence Score in a Large Oncotype Database of Breast Cancer Patients. ( Blanter, J; Cascetta, K; Ru, M; Tharakan, S; Tiersten, A; Zimmerman, B, 2020) |
| "Epidemiological evidence for the association between postdiagnostic metformin use and survival in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) remains limited." | 3.96 | Postdiagnostic metformin use and survival of patients with colorectal cancer: A Nationwide cohort study. ( Chang, JW; Chang, SH; Chen, JS; Chou, WC; Hsu, HC; Huang, WK; Kuo, CF; Lin, YC; See, LC; Yang, TS, 2020) |
| "To compare the risk of lactic acidosis hospitalization between patients treated with metformin versus sulfonylureas following development of reduced kidney function." | 3.96 | Hospitalization for Lactic Acidosis Among Patients With Reduced Kidney Function Treated With Metformin or Sulfonylureas. ( Chipman, J; Chu, PY; Elasy, T; Greevy, RA; Griffin, MR; Grijalva, CG; Hackstadt, AJ; Hung, AM; Roumie, CL, 2020) |
| "To assess the relationship between metformin use and the severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to investigate the effect of metformin dosage on reducing the incidence of DR." | 3.96 | Metformin Treatment Is Associated with a Decreased Risk of Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-Based Cohort Study. ( Fan, YP; Hsiung, CA; Lai, JN; Lin, JL; Liu, HY; Wu, CT; Yang, CC, 2020) |
| " The protective effect of metformin pretreatment against alterations to the articular cartilage ultrastructure induced by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) associated with the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation has not been investigated before." | 3.96 | Metformin pretreatment suppresses alterations to the articular cartilage ultrastructure and knee joint tissue damage secondary to type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats. ( Abdel Kader, DH; Al-Ani, B; Alzamil, N; Dawood, AF; Ebrahim, HA; Haidara, MA; Kamar, SS, 2020) |
| "Metformin use prior to diagnosis of cancer was associated with a decrease in risk of both breast cancer (OR = 0." | 3.96 | Use of metformin and risk of breast and colorectal cancer. ( Gronich, N; Gruber, SB; Pinchev, M; Rennert, G; Rennert, HS, 2020) |
| "To describe the composition of jejunal microbiota in morbidly obese patients, as well as its link with insulin resistance and metformin treatment." | 3.96 | Mucosa-associated microbiota in the jejunum of patients with morbid obesity: alterations in states of insulin resistance and metformin treatment. ( García-Fuentes, E; Gonzalo, M; Gutiérrez-Repiso, C; Ho-Plágaro, A; Martín-Núñez, GM; Moreno-Indias, I; Rodríguez-Cañete, A; Tinahones, FJ, 2020) |
| "The patient was diagnosed with eu-DKA accompanied by severe hypernatremia (corrected serum Na concentration, 163 mEq/L) and hypokalemia following dapagliflozin re-administration." | 3.96 | Dapagliflozin-associated euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A case report. ( Ahn, DJ; Lee, IH, 2020) |
| "Liraglutide seems to reduce GV in the acute phase of acute coronary syndrome, and patients achieved optimal control with a low incidence of hypoglycemia." | 3.96 | Glycemic variability in type 2 diabetes mellitus and acute coronary syndrome: liraglutide compared with insulin glargine: a pilot study. ( Arnau Vives, MA; Ballesteros Martin-Portugués, A; Catalá Gregori, A; Caudet Esteban, J; Cerveró Rubio, A; Del Olmo-García, MI; Hervás Marín, D; Merino-Torres, JF; Penalba Martínez, M, 2020) |
| "To evaluate whether pretreatment with metformin (MET) is associated with less stroke severity and better outcome after IV thrombolysis (IVT), we analyzed a cohort of 1,919 patients with stroke with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a multicenter exploratory analysis." | 3.96 | Association of prestroke metformin use, stroke severity, and thrombolysis outcome. ( Arnold, M; Bejot, Y; Brenière, C; Coutinho, JM; Curtze, S; Engelter, ST; Erdur, H; Eskandari, A; Gensicke, H; Gilliot, S; Groot, AE; Hametner, C; Held, U; Heldner, MR; Jovanovic, DR; Kägi, G; Leys, D; Luft, AR; Magoni, M; Martinez-Majander, N; Michel, P; Nederkoorn, P; Nolte, CH; Padjen, V; Pezzini, A; Polymeris, AA; Ringleb, P; Scheitz, JF; Scherrer, MJ; Seners, P; Steigmiller, K; Tatlisumak, T; Tiainen, M; Traenka, C; Turc, G; Vandelli, L; Wegener, S; Westphal, LP; Widmer, R; Zini, A, 2020) |
| "Accumulating evidence suggests that metformin reduces the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC)." | 3.96 | Metformin changes the immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Horie, H; Kawahira, H; Kitayama, J; Koinuma, K; Lefor, AK; Mimura, T; Ohzawa, H; Saito, A; Sata, N; Yamaguchi, H, 2020) |
| "To evaluate the association between metformin use and anemia risk in type 2 diabetes, and the time-course for this, in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and real-world population data." | 3.96 | Risk of Anemia With Metformin Use in Type 2 Diabetes: A MASTERMIND Study. ( Coleman, RL; Dennis, JM; Donnelly, LA; Hattersley, AT; Holman, RR; Pearson, ER; Sattar, N, 2020) |
| "Metformin is an ideal candidate to treat the liver tumor with insulin resistance because of its good performance in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and the advantage in cancer therapy." | 3.96 | Novel Albumin Nanoparticle Enhanced the Anti-Insulin-Resistant-Hepatoma Activity of Metformin. ( Li, JQ; Lin, YR; Lu, Z; Qi, L; Sun, L; Wang, GC; Yu, JM; Zhang, L, 2020) |
| "Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) carries a high mortality rate." | 3.96 | Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: reinforcing learning points. ( Creagh, F; Goonoo, MS; Morris, R; Raithatha, A, 2020) |
| "Metformin use in pregnancy is controversial because metformin crosses the placenta and the safety on the fetus has not been well-established." | 3.96 | Association of pregnancy outcomes in women with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin versus insulin when becoming pregnant. ( Chang, SH; Chiou, MJ; Huang, YT; Kuo, CF; Lin, SF; Lin, WT, 2020) |
| "Metformin reduced insulin resistance in adipocytes by reduction of miR223 expression and improving of IRS/Akt/GLUT4 signaling pathways." | 3.96 | Metformin downregulates miR223 expression in insulin-resistant 3T3L1 cells and human diabetic adipose tissue. ( Didehdar, R; Heiranizadeh, N; Mohiti, A; Mohiti-Ardakani, J; Naghiaee, Y; Pourrajab, F; Rahmanian, M, 2020) |
| " Continued use of metformin and combinations of drugs including metformin were associated with decreased rates of incident depression." | 3.96 | Antidiabetes Agents and Incident Depression: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. ( Berk, M; Ekstrøm, CT; Gerds, TA; Kessing, LV; Knop, FK; Rytgaard, HC, 2020) |
| "The primary study outcome was melanoma-specific mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using metformin." | 3.96 | The impact of metformin on survival in patients with melanoma-national cohort study. ( Burokiene, N; Dulskas, A; Patasius, A; Rutenberge, J; Smailyte, G; Urbonas, V, 2020) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have a lower risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, progression from infection to tuberculosis (TB) disease, TB morality and TB recurrence, when being treated with metformin." | 3.96 | Metformin enhances anti-mycobacterial responses by educating CD8+ T-cell immunometabolic circuits. ( Ackart, D; Basaraba, R; Böhme, J; Frenkel, JH; Kornfeld, H; Lachmandas, E; Larbi, A; Lee, A; Lee, B; Li, S; Lum, J; Martinez, N; Marzuki, M; Netea, MG; Newell, E; Ng, TP; Shihui, F; Singhal, A; Tizazu, AM; Todd, A; van Crevel, R, 2020) |
| "The aim of this study is to investigate the association between metformin usage and dementia in an elderly Korean population." | 3.96 | Metformin use in elderly population with diabetes reduced the risk of dementia in a dose-dependent manner, based on the Korean NHIS-HEALS cohort. ( Bae, YJ; Choi, EA; Han, YE; Kang, HT; Kim, HS; Kim, J; Kim, Y; Kim, YS; Lee, HC; Lee, JW; You, HS, 2020) |
| "We showed that being female and at an older age, lower educational level, and lower BMI were risk factors for sarcopenia in elderly T2DM and that metformin acted as a protective agent against sarcopenia in these patients." | 3.96 | Risk Factors for Sarcopenia in the Elderly with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Effect of Metformin. ( Cao, L; Chen, F; Huang, T; Liu, T; Ma, G; Wang, D; Wang, Y; Wei, Q; Xu, S; Zhao, Y, 2020) |
| "In patients with T2DM, SGLT2i as first-line treatment may be associated with decreased events of heart failure hospitalization, acute coronary syndrome, and all-cause mortality, compared with metformin as first-line treatment." | 3.96 | Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor versus metformin as first-line therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a multi-institution database study. ( Chang, CH; Chen, DY; Chen, SW; Chen, TH; Chu, PH; Li, YR; Lin, YS; Mao, CT; Sun, CC; Wu, M; Wu, VC, 2020) |
| "The effect of metformin on leukemia risk remains unknown." | 3.96 | Metformin Use and Leukemia Risk in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Tseng, CH, 2020) |
| " His HbA1c-concentration is 71 mmol/mol, despite an initial 8% weight loss and treatment with metformin and glimepiride." | 3.96 | [Starting insulin or not? And if so, which basal insulin?] ( Tack, CJ; van de Laar, FA, 2020) |
| "To assess whether metformin use affects risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by comparing the risk of BPH in men with type 2 diabetes who initiated first-line treatment with either metformin or sulfonylurea monotherapy between 2000 or 2006 in Northern Denmark." | 3.96 | Metformin use and long-term risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a population-based cohort study. ( Darvalics, B; Nørgaard, M; Thomsen, RW, 2020) |
| "Lactic acidosis is a feared complication of metformin therapy." | 3.96 | Metformin -associated lactic acidosis. ( Bláha, V; Lášticová, M; Šmahelová, A; Víšek, J; Zima, O, 2020) |
| "The work is aimed to estimate the change in risk of local people in the endemic area of cholangiocarcinoma in scenario that diabetic patients are treated with metformin in the highly endemic area of cancer in Thailand." | 3.96 | Decreased risk of cholangiocarcinoma in diabetic patients treated with metformin. ( Sookaromdee, P; Wiwanitkit, V, 2020) |
| " Metformin is a widely used, well-tolerated drug that improves insulin sensitivity and displays anti-inflammatory properties." | 3.96 | Rationale and Study Design of a Randomized Clinical Trial of Metformin to Prevent Frailty in Older Adults With Prediabetes. ( Bair-Kelps, D; Conde, A; Espinoza, SE; Ganapathy, V; Jergensen, TE; Jiwani, R; Kelly, LC; Li, Y; Michalek, J; Moris, M; Musi, N; Orsak, B; Powers, B; Romo, T; Wang, CP, 2020) |
| "This population-based retrospective cohort study compared the incidence of varicose veins in an unmatched cohort and a cohort of 1:1 propensity score (PS)-matched pairs of ever and never users of metformin in type 2 diabetes patients." | 3.96 | Metformin reduces risk of varicose veins in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Tseng, CH, 2020) |
| "Metformin is proven to improve the prognosis of various cancers, but it is unknown if metformin could ameliorate hypopharyngeal cancer in diabetes mellitus patients." | 3.91 | The effect of metformin use on hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in diabetes mellitus patients. ( Chang, WD; Chen, CM; Chen, HL; Lu, JJ; Tsai, MH; Tsou, YA; Wu, TF, 2019) |
| " We tested whether metformin can suppress aortic AGEs production and protect against aortic injuries (aortopathy) and hypertension in streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) animal model." | 3.91 | Metformin suppresses aortic ultrastrucural damage and hypertension induced by diabetes: a potential role of advanced glycation end products. ( Abdel Latif, NS; Al-Ani, B; Amin, SN; Bin-Jaliah, I; Dallak, M; Eid, RA; Haidara, MA, 2019) |
| "Background A beneficial effect of metformin on heart failure requires confirmation." | 3.91 | Metformin Use Is Associated With a Lower Risk of Hospitalization for Heart Failure in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a Retrospective Cohort Analysis. ( Tseng, CH, 2019) |
| " We report three cases of prospectively identified laboratory confirmed metformin-associated lactic acidosis admitted to our intensive care unit." | 3.91 | Laboratory-Confirmed Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis ( Canavan, C; Coyle, N; Nasim, S; Nestor, C, 2019) |
| "Metformin may be associated with reduced colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but findings from previous studies have been inconsistent and had insufficient sample sizes to examine whether the association differs by anatomic site." | 3.91 | Metformin Is Associated With Reduced Odds for Colorectal Cancer Among Persons With Diabetes. ( Bustamante, R; Demb, J; Earles, A; Gawron, AJ; Ghosh, P; Gupta, S; Gutkind, JS; Kaltenbach, TR; Liu, L; Martinez, ME; Yaseyyedi, A, 2019) |
| "The use of metformin after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been associated with reduced mortality in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 3.91 | Metformin use and cardiovascular outcomes after acute myocardial infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cohort study. ( Bromage, DI; Denaxas, S; Godec, TR; Gonzalez-Izquierdo, A; Hemingway, H; Pujades-Rodriguez, M; Yellon, DM, 2019) |
| "A 70-year-old Japanese woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus presented to an emergency room with metformin-associated lactic acidosis." | 3.91 | A patient with metformin-associated lactic acidosis successfully treated with continuous renal replacement therapy: a case report. ( Ando, M; Ariyoshi, K; Kinoshita, H; Tamura, R; Yanai, M, 2019) |
| "The pharmacokinetic (PK) and clinical implications of combining metformin with rifampicin are relevant to increasing numbers of patients with diabetic tuberculosis (TB) across the world and are yet unclear." | 3.91 | Rifampicin Alters Metformin Plasma Exposure but Not Blood Glucose Levels in Diabetic Tuberculosis Patients. ( Aarnoutse, RE; Alisjahbana, B; Burger, DM; Koenderink, JB; Livia, R; Ruslami, R; Santoso, P; Soetedjo, N; Te Brake, LHM; van Crevel, R; van Ewijk-Beneken Kolmer, E; Yunivita, V, 2019) |
| "In people with metformin-treated diabetes, to evaluate the risk of acute pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer and other diseases of the pancreas post second-line anti-hyperglycaemic agent initiation." | 3.91 | Treatment with incretins does not increase the risk of pancreatic diseases compared to older anti-hyperglycaemic drugs, when added to metformin: real world evidence in people with Type 2 diabetes. ( Atherton, J; Green, JB; Montvida, O; Paul, SK, 2019) |
| "Diabetogenesis triggered by arsenic contributed to the mitochondrial ROS overproduction, impaired complex II activity, glucose homeostasis, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity." | 3.91 | SirT3 regulates diabetogenic effects caused by arsenic: An implication for mitochondrial complex II modification. ( Javadipour, M; Keshtzar, E; Khodayar, MJ; Rezaei, M, 2019) |
| "The choice of the specific modality and treatment duration of renal replacement therapy (RRT) to adopt in metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is still debated." | 3.91 | Sustained low-efficiency dialysis for metformin-associated lactic acidosis in patients with acute kidney injury. ( Fani, F; Ferioli, E; Fiaccadori, E; Gandolfini, I; Greco, P; Locatelli, C; Maccari, C; Maggiore, U; Parenti, E; Regolisti, G, 2019) |
| "We found no clear evidence of any adverse outcomes related to the use of metformin for the treatment of hyperglycemia in pregnancy." | 3.91 | Real-world experience of metformin use in pregnancy: Observational data from the Northern Territory Diabetes in Pregnancy Clinical Register. ( Barzi, F; Boyle, J; Brown, A; Chitturi, S; Connors, C; Corpus, S; Cotter, M; Dowden, M; Inglis, C; Kirkham, R; Kirkwood, M; Lee, IL; Lindenmayer, G; Longmore, D; Maple-Brown, LJ; McIntyre, HD; Moore, E; O'Dea, K; Oats, J; Shaw, JE; Thomas, S; van Dokkum, P; Whitbread, C; Wicks, M; Zimmet, P, 2019) |
| "To compare the risks of hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) associated with sulfonylurea (SU), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i), and thiazolidinedione (TZD) as add-on medications to metformin (MET) therapy using the data of Korean adults with type-2 diabetes from the Korean National Health Insurance database." | 3.91 | Second-line glucose-lowering drugs added to metformin and the risk of hospitalization for heart failure: A nationwide cohort study. ( Ha, KH; Kim, DJ; Kim, HC; Lee, H; Lee, JH; Lee, SJ, 2019) |
| "The antidiabetic drug metformin causes weight loss, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear." | 3.91 | Metformin Triggers PYY Secretion in Human Gut Mucosa. ( de Fontgalland, D; Hollington, P; Keating, DJ; Martin, AM; Rabbitt, P; Sun, EW; Wattchow, DA; Young, RL, 2019) |
| "The safety of metformin usage by diabetic psoriasis patients is unclear." | 3.91 | Safety of Metformin in Psoriasis Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: A 17-Year Population-Based Real-World Cohort Study. ( Chen, TH; Chi, CC; Chiu, WT; Hsu, CY; Lin, YS; Su, YJ, 2019) |
| "Patients dispensed a second-generation antipsychotic and antipsychotics with high risk of weight gain appear to be at increased risk of being secondarily dispensed metformin." | 3.91 | Comparative risk of new-onset diabetes following commencement of antipsychotics in New Zealand: a population-based clustered multiple baseline time series design. ( Bridgford, P; Currie, O; Mangin, D; McKinnon-Gee, B; Williman, J, 2019) |
| "To address the possible association between the use of metformin, other forms of antidiabetic medication (ADM) and statins with the incidence of breast cancer in women with type 2 diabetes (T2D)." | 3.91 | Association of antidiabetic medication and statins with breast cancer incidence in women with type 2 diabetes. ( Arffman, M; Hautakoski, A; Hosio, M; Jukkola, A; Karihtala, P; Läärä, E; Marttila, M; Puistola, U; Sund, R; Urpilainen, E, 2019) |
| "No randomized controlled trials evaluating metformin therapy efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have been reported." | 3.91 | Metformin was associated with lower all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes with acute coronary syndrome: A Nationwide registry with propensity score-matched analysis. ( Chen, KY; Chong, JT; Hsieh, IC; Hsieh, MY; Hsu, CN; Jong, CB; Lai, CL; Lin, WS; Shyu, KG; Su, FY; Ueng, KC; Voon, WC; Wu, CC, 2019) |
| "Metformin is a popular antidiabetic agent that is also used to treat heart failure patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 3.91 | Metformin Enhances Autophagy and Provides Cardioprotection in δ-Sarcoglycan Deficiency-Induced Dilated Cardiomyopathy. ( Kanamori, H; Kawaguchi, T; Kawasaki, M; Mikami, A; Minatoguchi, S; Naruse, G; Takemura, G; Watanabe, T; Yamada, Y; Yoshida, A, 2019) |
| "To study the incidence of lactic acidosis due to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3-5." | 3.91 | Lactic acidosis due to metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease stage 3-5: is it significant? ( Guddattu, V; Mareddy, AS; Nagaraju, SP; Prabhu, RA; Rangaswamy, D, 2019) |
| "Metformin treatment did not affect food intake, body weight, and casual blood glucose levels within each mouse line during the 20-week feeding period." | 3.91 | Metformin Attenuates Early-Stage Atherosclerosis in Mildly Hyperglycemic Oikawa-Nagao Mice. ( Asai, A; Kawahara, M; Miyazawa, T; Nagao, M; Oikawa, S; Shuto, Y; Sugihara, H, 2019) |
| "Background Whether metformin might affect the risk of benign nodular goiter in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus has not been investigated." | 3.91 | Metformin reduces risk of benign nodular goiter in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Tseng, CH, 2019) |
| "We assessed racial/ethnic disparity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence among men with type 2 diabetes (T2D) but without chronic liver diseases (CLD), and whether metformin use modified the disparity." | 3.91 | Metformin modifies disparity in hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in men with type 2 diabetes but without chronic liver diseases. ( Kuhn, J; Lam, YF; MacCarthy, D; Ramirez, AG; Schmidt, S; Shah, DP; Tenner, L; Wang, CP, 2019) |
| "These data suggest that metformin use may have a beneficial effect on long-term knee joint outcomes in those with knee osteoarthritis and obesity." | 3.91 | Association between metformin use and disease progression in obese people with knee osteoarthritis: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative-a prospective cohort study. ( Abram, F; Cicuttini, FM; Hussain, SM; Lim, YZ; Martel-Pelletier, J; Pelletier, JP; Wang, Y; Wluka, AE, 2019) |
| "The use of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus has been associated with lactic acidosis." | 3.91 | Lactic acidosis associated with metformin in patients with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease: study protocol for a multicenter population-based case-control study using health databases. ( Ávila, M; Gómez-Lumbreras, A; Manríquez, M; Morros, R; Pedrós, C, 2019) |
| "Metformin may protect against hepatocellular carcinoma and mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes." | 3.91 | Long-term metformin use may improve clinical outcomes in diabetic patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and bridging fibrosis or compensated cirrhosis. ( Chalasani, N; Cummings, OW; Desai, AP; Gawrieh, S; Ghabril, M; Saxena, R; Vilar-Gomez, E; Vuppalanchi, R, 2019) |
| "To investigate whether the use of metformin during computed tomography (CT) with radiocontrast agents increases the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) and metabolic acidosis after CT in type 2 diabetes patients with mild to moderate renal failure." | 3.91 | Are patients with mild to moderate renal impairment on metformin or other oral anti-hyperglycaemic agents at increased risk of contrast-induced nephropathy and metabolic acidosis after radiocontrast exposure? ( Baek, JH; Cho, HS; Cho, YY; Hahm, JR; Jung, J; Jung, JH; Kim, HS; Kim, KY; Kim, SK, 2019) |
| "Metformin-associated lactic acidosis is a rare but serious complication of taking metformin." | 3.91 | Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis Presenting Like Acute Mesenteric Ischemia. ( Hastings, C; Johnson, K; Slaven, E; Zhang, QC, 2019) |
| " We aimed to follow the variation of some biochemical and clinical parameters in T2D patients before and after Ramadan; and to determine the incidence of fasting on hypoglycaemia and lactic acidosis associated with antidiabetic agents such as metformin." | 3.91 | Follow-up of glycemic index before and after Ramadan fasting in type 2 diabetes patients under antidiabetic medications. ( Abdessadek, M; Ajdi, F; Khabbal, Y; Magoul, R; Marmouzi, I, 2019) |
| " Initiators of metformin and sulfonylurea monotherapy were matched on high-dimensional propensity score, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare the rate of cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, cardiovascular death, and all-cause mortality) with sulfonylureas vs metformin." | 3.91 | Sulfonylureas as initial treatment for type 2 diabetes and the risk of adverse cardiovascular events: A population-based cohort study. ( Azoulay, L; Douros, A; Filion, KB; Suissa, S; Yin, H; Yu, OH, 2019) |
| " Metformin use has been associated with a lower risk of dementia compared with sulfonylureas." | 3.91 | Association Between Metformin Initiation and Incident Dementia Among African American and White Veterans Health Administration Patients. ( Dublin, S; Farr, SA; Floyd, JS; Morley, JE; Salas, J; Scherrer, JF, 2019) |
| "Lymphoma and pancreatic cancer patients with type 2 diabetes were sorted into an experimental (metformin) group and a control (nonmetformin) group." | 3.91 | Metformin Associated With Increased Survival in Type 2 Diabetes Patients With Pancreatic Cancer and Lymphoma. ( Solomon, SS; Vacheron, A; Wynn, A; Zuber, J, 2019) |
| "To compare incident dementia risk among patients who initiated treatment with metformin or sulfonylurea in Veterans Health Affairs (VHA) patients with replication in Kaiser Permanente Washington (KPW) patients to determine whether first-choice antidiabetic medications are associated with reduced risk of dementia." | 3.91 | Metformin and Sulfonylurea Use and Risk of Incident Dementia. ( Dublin, S; Farr, SA; Floyd, JS; Morley, JE; Salas, J; Scherrer, JF, 2019) |
| " Metformin is a drug used in individuals with type 2 diabetes, obesity or impaired glucose tolerance and it has a strong safety profile in children and adults." | 3.88 | Metformin as targeted treatment in fragile X syndrome. ( Dy, ABC; Eldeeb, M; Hagerman, R; Salcedo-Arellano, MJ; Tartaglia, N; Tassone, F, 2018) |
| "To assess the proportion of members of a private health insurance at the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires with primary adherence to, 1) bisphosphonates for secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures, 2) insulin and metformin in type 2 diabetes, and 3) tamoxifen in the context of treatment of breast cancer." | 3.88 | [Evaluation of primary adherence to medications in patients with chronic conditions: A retrospective cohort study]. ( Esteban, S; Peper, FE; Terrasa, SA, 2018) |
| "Serum ApoJ levels are closely correlated with the magnitude of insulin resistance regardless of obesity, and decrease along with improvement of insulin resistance in response only to rosiglitazone in type 2 diabetes." | 3.88 | Circulating ApoJ is closely associated with insulin resistance in human subjects. ( Choe, C; Ciaraldi, TP; Farr, O; Henry, RR; Hwang, WM; Kang, MC; Kim, SS; Kim, YB; Lim, DM; Mantzoros, C; Park, KS; Seo, JA, 2018) |
| "Pharmacokinetic data suggest that the risk of metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) may be increased after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery." | 3.88 | Risk of Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis (MALA) in Patients After Gastric Bypass Surgery. ( Aarts, EO; Aelfers, SCW; Berends, FJ; de Boer, H; Deden, LN; Janssen, IMC; van Borren, MMGJ, 2018) |
| "In the general population, the absolute risk of lactic acidosis in patients treated with metformin appears to be low." | 3.88 | Safety of Metformin Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Living on an Oxygen-Deficient Plateau, Tibet, China. ( Geng, Y; Lv, X; Meng, S; Mina, A; Puchi, B; Ren, Q; Song, J; Yang, L; Yang, S; Zhou, L, 2018) |
| "The effect of pioglitazone was compared with that of other second-line glucose-lowering drugs on the risk of dementia among individuals with type 2 diabetes receiving metformin-based dual therapy." | 3.88 | Lower risk of dementia with pioglitazone, compared with other second-line treatments, in metformin-based dual therapy: a population-based longitudinal study. ( Hsieh, CY; Li, CY; Lu, CH; Ou, HT; Yang, CY, 2018) |
| " The aim of the current work was to investigate the effect of metformin versus vitamin D (and also simultaneous administration) therapy in type 2 diabetic (T2D) rats on the state of the muscle and insulin sensitivity." | 3.88 | Synergistic actions of vitamin D and metformin on skeletal muscles and insulin resistance of type 2 diabetic rats. ( Amin, SN; Hassan, SS; Hussein, UK; Rashed, LA; Yassa, HD, 2018) |
| "A new diagnostic paradigm has been proposed to better categorize causes of Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis (MALA)." | 3.88 | Metformin-Induced Lactic Acidosis (MILA): Review of current diagnostic paradigm. ( Al-Khalisy, H; Kaul, P; Krowl, L, 2018) |
| "Aim of study‒ estimate the influence of the metformin therapy on the sCD40-ligand and sVE-cadherinlevels among patients with acute myocardial infarction and concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 3.88 | [INFLUENCE OF THE METFORMIN THERAPY ON THE ACTIVITY OF ENDOTHELIAL-DEPENDENT MEDIATORS AMONG PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND CONCOMITANT TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS]. ( Babadjan, V; Borzova, O; Kovalyova, Y; Ryndina, N; Zaikina, Т, 2018) |
| "Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for severe dengue in adults, but few studies have examined the association between metformin use and disease severity in dengue." | 3.88 | Metformin Use and Severe Dengue in Diabetic Adults. ( Htun, HL; Leo, YS; Lye, DC; Pang, J; Tam, CC; Yeo, TW, 2018) |
| " The aim of present study was to investigate the therapeutic potentials of resveratrol (RSV) alone and/or in combination with vitamin-E (Vit-E) against hyperglycemia-induced modulations using experimentally alloxan-induced diabetic animal model." | 3.88 | Resveratrol regulates hyperglycemia-induced modulations in experimental diabetic animal model. ( Akash, MSH; Munawar, SM; Rehman, K; Saeed, K, 2018) |
| "We investigated metformin-induced cytotoxic effects in vitro and assessed the chemopreventive effects of metformin in patients undergoing hepatic resection (HR) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)." | 3.88 | Metformin-associated Chemopreventive Effects on Recurrence After Hepatic Resection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From ( Ahn, CS; Ha, TY; Hwang, S; Jung, DH; Jwa, E; Kang, WH; Kim, KH; Kim, N; Lee, KJ; Lee, SG; Lee, YJ; Moon, DB; Park, GC; Song, GW; Tak, E, 2018) |
| " As the risk of inducing lactic acidosis is very low in connection with administration of iodine contrast media, new recommendations in Sweden say that metformin must be stopped only when GFR is below 45 mL/min." | 3.88 | [Treatment with metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus - new routines when renal function is reduced and in connection with administration of iodine contrast media]. ( Frid, A; Sterner, G, 2018) |
| " In this commentary, using the study of metformin use on colorectal cancer risk by Bradley and colleagues (2018) as motivation, we compare the etiologic versus action-focused analysis of epidemiologic data." | 3.88 | Studying the Effects of Nonindicated Medications on Cancer: Etiologic versus Action-Focused Analysis of Epidemiologic Data. ( García-Albéniz, X; Jackson, JW, 2018) |
| "To estimate the incidence rate of lactic acidosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as to estimate the relative risk of lactic acidosis associated with metformin treatment." | 3.88 | Risk of lactic acidosis in type 2 diabetes patients using metformin: A case control study. ( Aharaz, A; Beck-Nielsen, H; Hallas, J; Henriksen, DP; Lassen, AT; Pottegård, A, 2018) |
| " Accordingly, O304 reduced fasting plasma glucose levels and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in a proof-of-concept phase IIa clinical trial in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients on Metformin." | 3.88 | PAN-AMPK activator O304 improves glucose homeostasis and microvascular perfusion in mice and type 2 diabetes patients. ( Backlund, F; Berggren, E; Bergqvist, I; Dahl, U; Edlund, H; Edlund, T; Ericsson, M; Eriksson, B; Kjellkvist, E; Lidh, E; Lindahl, E; Linde, K; Lundberg, I; Steneberg, P; Straseviciene, J; Westman, J, 2018) |
| "To evaluate the association between metformin use and heart failure (HF) exacerbation in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and pre-existing HF using alternative exposure models." | 3.88 | Acute vs cumulative benefits of metformin use in patients with type 2 diabetes and heart failure. ( Abrahamowicz, M; Beauchamp, ME; Eurich, DT; Weir, DL, 2018) |
| "Metformin is an oral anti-diabetic therapy (ADT) to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and has been reported to have potential anti-tuberculosis (TB) effects." | 3.88 | Metformin is associated with a lower risk of active tuberculosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Chen, TC; Chen, YH; Chong, IW; Lin, SY; Lu, PL; Tu, HP; Wang, WH, 2018) |
| "Whether metformin use may reduce hypertension risk has not been studied." | 3.88 | Metformin and Risk of Hypertension in Taiwanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Tseng, CH, 2018) |
| "Whether metformin may reduce hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk requires confirmation." | 3.88 | Metformin and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Tseng, CH, 2018) |
| " We compared the incidence of bacterial abscess, including liver and non-liver abscesses, between patients treated with metformin plus a thiazolidinedione (M + T, N = 7831) or metformin plus a sulfonylurea (M + S, N = 39 155)." | 3.88 | Thiazolidinediones and reduced risk of incident bacterial abscess in adults with type 2 diabetes: A population-based cohort study. ( Chang, CH; Chen, PC; Chuang, LM; Dong, YH; Ko, WC; Wang, JL; Wu, LC, 2018) |
| "The aim of this study was to examine the effect of metformin on the prognosis of patients with SCLC combined with diabetes mellitus (DM)." | 3.88 | Effect of metformin in the prognosis of patients with smallcell lung cancer combined with diabetes mellitus. ( Han, N; Huang, Z; Lu, H; Mao, W; Qin, J; Xie, F, 2018) |
| "The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of major birth defects and spontaneous abortion after metformin use during the first trimester of pregnancy." | 3.88 | Pregnancy outcome after first-trimester exposure to metformin: A prospective cohort study. ( Beck, E; Grupe, K; Schaefer, C; Scherneck, S; Schlinke, N; Weber-Schoendorfer, C, 2018) |
| "Purpose Epidemiologic data from several populations suggest that metformin may decrease cancer risk and mortality in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and type II diabetes mellitus (DM)." | 3.88 | Validation of the Survival Benefits of Metformin in Middle Eastern Patients With Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Colorectal Cancer. ( Abdelkhaleq, H; Al Omari, A; Al-Hussaini, M; Alfaqih, MA; Awad, N; Garrett, CR; Hassan, MM; Turfa, R, 2018) |
| " Metformin (MET) is a potent combination drug to elevate anti-TB efficacy and able to regulate inflammation." | 3.88 | Metformin associated inflammation levels regulation in type 2 diabetes mellitus-tuberculosis coinfection patients - A case report. ( Novita, BD; Nugraha, J; Soediono, EI, 2018) |
| " Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is one such rare, life-threatening adverse drug effect." | 3.88 | Metformin-associated lactic acidosis precipitated by liraglutide use: adverse effects of aggressive antihyperglycaemic therapy. ( Hannallah, F; Hooda, A; Mehta, A, 2018) |
| " The prevalence of gastroparesis symptoms is 6% and is independently related to metformin use, and therefore, symptomatic screening is required to decide which patients need further evaluation." | 3.88 | Prevalence of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and gastroparesis symptoms among patients with type 2 diabetes who attend a primary health care center. ( AlHarbi, TJ; AlOlaiwi, LA; Tourkmani, AM, 2018) |
| "Danish national guidelines recommend discontinuation of metformin 48 h prior to general anaesthesia due to the presumed increased risk of lactic acidosis." | 3.88 | [Metformin and surgery before general anaesthesia]. ( Beck-Nielsen, H; Bonde, C; Jensen, DH; Lauritzen, E, 2018) |
| " Compared with vehicle-treated mice, borapetoside E markedly improved hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, hyperlipidemia, and oxygen consumption in obese mice, and the effects were comparable to or better than the drug metformin." | 3.85 | Borapetoside E, a Clerodane Diterpenoid Extracted from Tinospora crispa, Improves Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Type 2 Diabetes Mice. ( Gao, Y; Hu, J; Liu, J; Lu, Y; Niu, Y; Peng, L; Qin, W; Wang, F; Xiong, W; Xu, Y, 2017) |
| "To compare time to a composite endpoint of non-fatal acute myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke or all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had their treatment intensified with a dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitor or insulin following dual-therapy (metformin plus sulfonylurea) failure." | 3.85 | The effects of dual-therapy intensification with insulin or dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitor on cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: A retrospective cohort study. ( Iskandar, I; Jil, M; Rajnikant, M; Richard, D, 2017) |
| " Among 24 patients found to have prediabetes, PCPs usually (58%) recommended weight loss and increased physical activity but never recommended participation in a Diabetes Prevention Program or use of metformin." | 3.85 | Understanding type 2 diabetes mellitus screening practices among primary care physicians: a qualitative chart-stimulated recall study. ( Cohen, AJ; Hafez, D; Kullgren, JT; Martin, EG; Nelson, DB; Northway, R, 2017) |
| "Metformin is renally excreted and has been associated with the development of lactic acidosis." | 3.85 | Acute kidney injury, plasma lactate concentrations and lactic acidosis in metformin users: A GoDarts study. ( Connelly, PJ; Donnelly, L; Lonergan, M; Pearson, ER; Soto-Pedre, E; Zhou, K, 2017) |
| "The association between metformin and colorectal cancer (CRC) has rarely been investigated in Asian populations." | 3.85 | Metformin is associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes: A retrospective cohort analysis. ( Tseng, CH, 2017) |
| " It compared metformin and other hypoglycaemic medication use in diabetic patients with uncomplicated diverticulosis to those with acute diverticulitis." | 3.85 | Metformin use in diabetics with diverticular disease is associated with reduced incidence of diverticulitis. ( Croagh, D; Evans, JA; Freckelton, J; Moore, GT, 2017) |
| "Whether metformin precipitates lactic acidosis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains under debate." | 3.85 | Risk of acute kidney injury and survival in patients treated with Metformin: an observational cohort study. ( Bell, S; Colhoun, HM; Farran, B; Leese, GP; Lindsay, R; Looker, H; McCrimmon, RJ; McGurnaghan, S; McKeigue, P; McKnight, J; Petrie, JR; Sattar, N; Wild, S, 2017) |
| "Metformin associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a rare but lethal complication." | 3.85 | Metformin is not associated with lactic acidosis in patients with diabetes undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a case control study. ( Alburikan, KA; Nazer, RI, 2017) |
| "The present investigation was designed to explore the effectiveness of pterostilbene (PT) on insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress in fructose-fed insulin resistant rats." | 3.85 | Pterostilbene ameliorates insulin sensitivity, glycemic control and oxidative stress in fructose-fed diabetic rats. ( Kosuru, R; Singh, S, 2017) |
| "To assess factors associated with the higher effect of metformin on mortality in diabetic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, since the factors related to the effectiveness of metformin have not been identified yet." | 3.85 | Sex-dependent difference in the effect of metformin on colorectal cancer-specific mortality of diabetic colorectal cancer patients. ( Cheon, JH; Kim, TI; Kim, WH; Lee, JH; Park, JW; Park, SJ; Park, YH, 2017) |
| "Sitagliptin can reduce BMI and the occurrence of hypoglycemia in obese patients with insulin treatment-induced diabetes mellitus, and the effect may be related to decreased HOMA-IR, decreased leptin and visfatin levels, and increased adiponectin levels." | 3.85 | The effect of sitagliptin on obese patients with insulin treatment-induced diabetes mellitus. ( Li, H; Li, S; Wang, R; Zhang, JP, 2017) |
| "In renal failure metformin can lead to lactic acidosis." | 3.85 | Combined metformin-associated lactic acidosis and euglycemic ketoacidosis. ( Eisner, F; Eller, K; Eller, P; Lind, A; Mader, JK; Pieber, TR; Plank, J; Schilcher, G; Schwetz, V, 2017) |
| "The widely prescribed diabetes medicine metformin has been reported to lower the risk of incident breast cancer, but it is unclear whether it affects malignant progression after diagnosis." | 3.85 | Diabetes Treatments and Risks of Adverse Breast Cancer Outcomes among Early-Stage Breast Cancer Patients: A SEER-Medicare Analysis. ( Barlow, WE; Boudreau, DM; Chen, L; Chubak, J; Li, CI; Weiss, NS, 2017) |
| "To determine whether metformin is associated with a lower incidence of dementia than sulfonylureas." | 3.85 | Metformin vs sulfonylurea use and risk of dementia in US veterans aged ≥65 years with diabetes. ( Cho, K; Cormack, J; Driver, JA; Gagnon, DR; Orkaby, AR, 2017) |
| "In 2015, we published a study on a small series of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated chronically with metformin for type II diabetes mellitus (DM2) who showed a poorer response to sorafenib." | 3.85 | Metformin and insulin impact on clinical outcome in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma receiving sorafenib: Validation study and biological rationale. ( Aprile, G; Brunetti, O; Casadei Gardini, A; Cascinu, S; De Matteis, S; Ercolani, G; Faloppi, L; Foschi, FG; Frassineti, GL; Granato, AM; Marisi, G; Negrini, G; Palmieri, V; Passardi, A; Perrone, G; Santini, D; Scartozzi, M; Silvestris, N; Tamburini, E; Tovoli, F; Valgiusti, M; Vespasiani-Gentilucci, U, 2017) |
| " Metformin improves hyperglycemia, increases insulin sensitivity and attenuates the activation of the NF-κB pathway in T2DM." | 3.85 | The Effect of Metformin on the Expression of GPR109A, NF-κB and IL-1β in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes from Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Chen, Y; Fu, Y; Li, X; Lin, S; Ma, S; Wang, C; Wei, C; Xu, W; Xu, X, 2017) |
| "Metformin use reduces the incidence and severity of stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)." | 3.85 | Association Between Stroke Risk and Metformin Use in Hemodialysis Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: A Nested Case-Control Study. ( Chen, HH; Chen, JS; Chen, LY; Chien, LN; Chou, CL; Fang, TC; Kao, CC; Lin, YC; Wu, YL, 2017) |
| "Metformin-associated lactic acidosis is a severe and infrequent adverse event." | 3.85 | [Metformin-associated lactic acidosis. Report of one case]. ( Dreyse, J; Orozco, R; Pezzani, MJ; Quintana, F; Regueira, T; Soto, L, 2017) |
| "Our results suggest that metformin may have a protective effect on ocular complications, especially glaucoma, in patients with T2D." | 3.85 | Metformin use associated with protective effects for ocular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes - observational study. ( Burnazović-Ristić, L; Gušić, E; Kulo, A; Kusturica, J; Maleškić, S; Rakanović-Todić, M; Šečić, D, 2017) |
| " A low prevalence of AD in patients with T2D was associated with residency in urban areas, the comorbidity of hemiplegia or paraplegia, the usage of metformin and sulfonylureas, and rapid-acting insulin injection therapy." | 3.85 | Prevalence of anxiety disorder in patients with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide population-based study in Taiwan 2000-2010. ( Hsieh, HM; Huang, CJ; Jiang, HJ; Lin, CH; Tu, HP; Wang, PW, 2017) |
| " All-cause mortality was considered as the primary endpoint and the effect of metformin therapy across the most representative subgroups in heart failure as a secondary endpoint." | 3.85 | Metformin and risk of long-term mortality following an admission for acute heart failure. ( Bertomeu, V; Fabregat-Andrés, Ó; Fácila, L; García-Blas, S; Miñana, G; Morell, S; Navarro, JP; Núñez, J; Sanchis, J; Valero, E, 2017) |
| "To assess risk of lactic acidosis among metformin users compared with other glucose-lowering agent users, according to renal function." | 3.85 | Metformin use and risk of lactic acidosis in people with diabetes with and without renal impairment: a cohort study in Denmark and the UK. ( Christiansen, CF; Ehrenstein, V; Gopalakrishnan, C; Heide-Jørgensen, U; Jick, S; Li, L; Nørrelund, H; Sørensen, HT, 2017) |
| "The present post hoc analysis investigated whether changes in endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 (∆GLP-1) levels are associated with weight loss in newly diagnosed diabetes patients." | 3.85 | Associations between changes in glucagon-like peptide-1 and bodyweight reduction in patients receiving acarbose or metformin treatment. ( Wang, N; Wang, X; Xing, XY; Yang, WY; Yang, ZJ; Zhang, B; Zhang, JP, 2017) |
| "To compare the therapeutic potential of TP-113, a unique molecular entity linking DHA with metformin, for alleviating insulin resistance in obese diabetic mice through the PDX/IL-6 pathway." | 3.85 | Treatment with a novel agent combining docosahexaenoate and metformin increases protectin DX and IL-6 production in skeletal muscle and reduces insulin resistance in obese diabetic db/db mice. ( Barbier, O; Lachance, D; Marette, A; Mitchell, PL; Nachbar, R; St-Pierre, P; Trottier, J, 2017) |
| "TODAY participants underwent periodic oral glucose tolerance tests to determine insulin sensitivity, C-peptide index, and oral disposition index (oDI), with measurements of total and high-molecular-weight adiponectin (HMWA)." | 3.85 | Adiponectin, Insulin Sensitivity, β-Cell Function, and Racial/Ethnic Disparity in Treatment Failure Rates in TODAY. ( Arslanian, S; Bacha, F; Caprio, S; El Ghormli, L; Goland, R; Haymond, MW; Levitsky, L; Nadeau, KJ; White, NH; Willi, SM, 2017) |
| " Hazard ratios for breast cancer in the first 3 months following initiation of metformin, sulfonylurea or thiazolidinedione were 0." | 3.85 | Time-Varying Risk for Breast Cancer Following Initiation of Glucose-Lowering Therapy in Women with Type 2 Diabetes: Exploring Detection Bias. ( Bowker, SL; Eurich, DT; Johnson, JA; Lin, M, 2017) |
| "The objective of this nationwide study was to compare the risk of all-cause mortality, fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular disease (CVD), and severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) on metformin monotherapy treatment starting second-line treatment with either insulin or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i)." | 3.85 | Second line initiation of insulin compared with DPP-4 inhibitors after metformin monotherapy is associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, and severe hypoglycemia. ( Bodegard, J; Eriksson, JW; Nathanson, D; Norhammar, A; Nyström, T; Thuresson, M, 2017) |
| "DPP4is as a second-line add-on to metformin had a significantly lower stroke risk [hazard ratio (HR) 0." | 3.85 | Comparative cardiovascular risks of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors with other second- and third-line antidiabetic drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Chang, KC; Li, CY; Ou, HT; Wu, JS, 2017) |
| "The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of metformin on dysfunctional retinas in obesity-induced type 2 diabetic mice." | 3.85 | The Effects of Metformin on Obesity-Induced Dysfunctional Retinas. ( Chang, JY; Chang, RC; Kim, AJ; Ko, GY; Ko, ML; Shi, L, 2017) |
| " There was no difference in prevalence of hyperlactatemia and lactic acidosis between the patients with and without metformin use (18." | 3.85 | Association between Metformin Use and Risk of Lactic Acidosis or Elevated Lactate Concentration in Type 2 Diabetes. ( Cha, BS; Han, E; Hwang, S; Kang, ES; Kang, HP; Lee, BW; Lee, EY; Lee, HC; Lee, SH; Lee, W; Lee, YH; Lee, YM, 2017) |
| "Several observational studies have reported that metformin may be associated with reduced risk of breast cancer; however, many of these studies were affected by time-related biases such as immortal time bias and time-window bias." | 3.85 | Comparative Effect of Initiating Metformin Versus Sulfonylureas on Breast Cancer Risk in Older Women. ( Buse, JB; Henderson, LM; Hong, JL; Jonsson Funk, M; Lund, JL; Pate, V; Stürmer, T, 2017) |
| "The function of metformin in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) remains a controversial topic because studies are increasingly focusing on epidemiologic features." | 3.85 | Metformin depresses overactivated Notch1/Hes1 signaling in colorectal cancer patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Chen, S; Han, FH; Huang, CZ; Liu, GJ; Liu, Q; Yang, B; Yu, T; Zhou, SN, 2017) |
| "To identify distinct temporal likelihoods of age-related comorbidity (ARC) diagnoses: cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancer, depression, dementia, and frailty-related diseases (FRD) in older men with type 2 diabetes (T2D) but ARC naïve initially, and assess the heterogeneous effects of metformin on ARCs and mortality." | 3.85 | Differential effects of metformin on age related comorbidities in older men with type 2 diabetes. ( Espinoza, SE; Habib, SL; Jo, B; Lorenzo, C; Wang, CP, 2017) |
| "The aim of the present study was to assess the risk of overall mortality, coronary artery disease (CAD), and congestive heart failure (CHF) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with metformin (MF) and an additional antidiabetic agent." | 3.83 | Risk of overall mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes on dual drug therapy including metformin: A large database study from the Cleveland Clinic. ( Kannan, S; Karafa, M; Matsuda, S; Pantalone, KM; Wells, BJ; Zimmerman, RS, 2016) |
| " significantly improved glycemic control without an increased risk of hypoglycemia in Asian, predominantly Chinese, patients with T2DM inadequately controlled on insulin, with or without metformin." | 3.83 | Vildagliptin as add-on therapy to insulin improves glycemic control without increasing risk of hypoglycemia in Asian, predominantly Chinese, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Kothny, W; Li, L; Lukashevich, V; Lv, X; Ma, J; Ning, G; Wang, W; Woloschak, M; Yang, M, 2016) |
| "Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a rare but life-threatening adverse drug reaction of metformin, the most frequently prescribed medication for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 3.83 | Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis Presenting as Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. ( Cole, JB; Driver, BE; White, S, 2016) |
| "Linagliptin added to basal insulin and metformin improved glycaemic control, without increasing the risk of hypoglycaemia or body weight gain." | 3.83 | Efficacy and safety of linagliptin as add-on therapy to basal insulin and metformin in people with Type 2 diabetes. ( Durán-Garcia, S; Hehnke, U; Lee, J; Patel, S; Rosenstock, J; Thiemann, S; Woerle, HJ; Yki-Järvinen, H, 2016) |
| " Metformin therapy reportedly decreases the risk of stroke, but the associations between metformin treatment and neurological severity or patient prognosis have not been investigated in clinical studies." | 3.83 | Impact of Metformin on the Severity and Outcomes of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Kuwashiro, T; Mima, Y; Nakamura, A; Okada, Y; Tsurusaki, Y; Wakugawa, Y; Yasaka, M, 2016) |
| " Metformin initiators who intensified treatment with insulin or sulfonylurea were followed to either their first or recurrent hypoglycemia event using Cox proportional hazard models." | 3.83 | Risk of hypoglycemia following intensification of metformin treatment with insulin versus sulfonylurea. ( Elasy, T; Greevy, RA; Griffin, MR; Grijalva, CG; Hung, AM; Liu, X; Min, JY; Roumie, CL, 2016) |
| "The study included 20 women with antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia and 12 normoprolactinemic women, who, because of coexisting glucose metabolism abnormalities, were treated for 6months with metformin." | 3.83 | The effect of metformin on prolactin levels in patients with drug-induced hyperprolactinemia. ( Kowalcze, K; Krysiak, R; Okopien, B; Szkrobka, W, 2016) |
| "The role of metformin in lactic acidosis is regularly questioned." | 3.83 | Lactic acidosis: relationship between metformin levels, lactate concentration and mortality. ( Altman, JJ; Boucaud-Maitre, D; Bouhanick, B; Doucet, J; Emmerich, J; Girardin, E; Kaloustian, E; Lassmann Vague, V; Porokhov, B; Ropers, J, 2016) |
| " In patients with untreated amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism, but not in the other groups of patients, metformin reduced serum levels of thyrotropin and this effect correlated weakly with its action on insulin sensitivity." | 3.83 | The effect of metformin on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in patients with type 2 diabetes and amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism. ( Gilowska, M; Krysiak, R; Okopień, B; Szkróbka, W, 2016) |
| "Metformin treatment reduces cell proliferation and reduces wound healing in an animal model and affects clinical outcomes in diabetic foot ulcer patients." | 3.83 | Metformin Induces Cell Cycle Arrest, Reduced Proliferation, Wound Healing Impairment In Vivo and Is Associated to Clinical Outcomes in Diabetic Foot Ulcer Patients. ( Castañeda-Delgado, JE; Cervantes-Villagrana, AR; Enciso-Moreno, JA; Fernandez-Ruiz, JC; Hernandez-Correa, AC; Nava-Ramirez, HS; Ochoa-Gonzalez, F, 2016) |
| "To compare the effect of different hypoglycemic drugs on laboratory and ultrasonographic markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes not controlled on metformin alone." | 3.83 | Effect of incretin therapies compared to pioglitazone and gliclazide in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetic patients not controlled on metformin alone: An observational, pilot study. ( García Díaz, E; Godoy, T; Guagnozzi, D; Gutiérrez, V; Larrañaga, Y; Maza, C; Mendoza, C; Perdomo, D; Taleb, G, 2016) |
| "Canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg provided sustained reductions in body weight, BMI, and waist circumference in a greater proportion of patients with T2DM versus glimepiride or placebo over 104 weeks." | 3.83 | Effects of canagliflozin on body weight and body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes over 104 weeks. ( Blonde, L; Canovatchel, W; Fung, A; Meininger, G; Stenlöf, K; Xie, J, 2016) |
| "To evaluate the strength of association between lactic acidosis (LA) and well-recognized risk factors for LA, particularly the weight of metformin." | 3.83 | Lactic Acidosis in Diabetic Population: Is Metformin Implicated? Results of a Matched Case-Control Study Performed on the Type 2 Diabetes Population of Grenoble Hospital University. ( Chanoine, S; Giai, J; Lepelley, M; Villier, C; Yahiaoui, N, 2016) |
| "A 72-year-old woman with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus was brought to the ER with metformin-associated lactic acidosis." | 3.83 | A Fatal Case of Metformin-associated Lactic Acidosis. ( Fujita, Y; Hamada, T; Kawato, R; Minatoguchi, S; Murai, Y; Nomura, A; Oyama, Y; Ozeki, T; Ryuge, A; Shimizu, H; Takasugi, K; Tomino, T; Watanabe, M, 2016) |
| "To compare the efficacy of acarbose and metformin in overweight and/or obese patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 3.83 | Comparison of acarbose and metformin therapy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients with overweight and/or obesity. ( Chen, J; Liao, L; Sun, W; Wang, Y; Zeng, C, 2016) |
| "This substudy of the AWARD-3 trial evaluated the effects of the once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, dulaglutide, versus metformin on glucose control, pancreatic function and insulin sensitivity, after standardized test meals in patients with type 2 diabetes." | 3.83 | Differential effects of once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide and metformin on pancreatic β-cell and insulin sensitivity during a standardized test meal in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( de la Peña, A; Del Prato, S; Karanikas, CA; Ludvik, B; Mari, A; Milicevic, Z; Pechtner, V; Shurzinske, L, 2016) |
| "In conclusion, our findings support the low risk of MALA among patients with mild-to-moderate renal impairment and the likelihood of metformin to be an innocent bystander without a pathogenic role in the lactic acidosis in most cases." | 3.83 | Retrospective analysis of lactic acidosis-related parameters upon and after metformin discontinuation in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease. ( Acikgoz, SB; Genc, AB; Nalbant, A; Sipahi, S; Solak, Y; Tamer, A; Yildirim, M; Yilmaz, U, 2016) |
| "To assess hypoglycemia incidence rates and associated costs in patients who initiated second-line treatment with the antidiabetic agents linagliptin or a sulfonylurea (SU) after metformin." | 3.83 | Hypoglycemia Incidence Rates and Associated Health Care Costs in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated with Second-Line Linagliptin or Sulfonylurea After Metformin Monotherapy. ( Cai, B; D'Souza, AO; Raju, A; Shetty, S, 2016) |
| "The use of metformin and incretins in women with T2DM and BC may reduce the risk of metastases." | 3.83 | Impact of metformin on metastases in patients with breast cancer and type 2 diabetes. ( Jacob, L; Kalder, M; Kostev, K; Rathmann, W, 2016) |
| "We report a case of metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) in the setting of normal renal function and review the relevant medical literature." | 3.83 | Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis in a Patient with Normal Renal Function. ( Ellen, R; Omar, A; Sorisky, A, 2016) |
| "To estimate the incidence of lactic acidosis (LA) and role of metformin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with anti-diabetes drugs." | 3.83 | Epidemiology of lactic acidosis in type 2 diabetes patients with metformin in Japan. ( Chang, CH; Dolin, P; Sakaguchi, M, 2016) |
| "The risk of asthma-related outcomes was lower for metformin users than non-users." | 3.83 | Metformin use and asthma outcomes among patients with concurrent asthma and diabetes. ( Erickson, SR; Li, CY; Wu, CH, 2016) |
| "To investigate changes in body weight trajectories after the addition of individual sulphonylureas (SUs) to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes." | 3.83 | Addition of sulphonylurea to metformin does not relevantly change body weight: a prospective observational cohort study (ZODIAC-39). ( Bilo, HJ; de Bock, GH; Groenier, KH; Houweling, ST; Kleefstra, N; Landman, GW; Schrijnders, D; van Hateren, KJ; Wever, R, 2016) |
| "In addition to the ascertained efficacy as antidiabetic drug, metformin is increasingly being used as weight-loss agent in obesity, and as insulin sensitizer in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)." | 3.83 | Metformin increases hepatic leptin receptor and decreases steatosis in mice. ( Cui, Y; Gan, L; Li, J; Tang, X; Wang, X; Xiang, W; Xie, B; Xu, Z, 2016) |
| " The objective of this nationwide study was to compare the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), all-cause mortality and severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) starting second-line treatment with either metformin+sulphonylurea or metformin+dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i)." | 3.83 | Sulphonylurea compared to DPP-4 inhibitors in combination with metformin carries increased risk of severe hypoglycemia, cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality. ( Bodegard, J; Eriksson, JW; Nathanson, D; Norhammar, A; Nyström, T; Thuresson, M, 2016) |
| "To analyze the association between chronic metformin treatment and the development of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)." | 3.83 | Metformin and contrast-induced acute kidney injury in diabetic patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction: Amulticenter study. ( Cottin, Y; Feldman, LJ; Juliard, JM; Labalette-Bart, M; Potier, L; Roussel, R; Steg, PG; Zeller, M, 2016) |
| "Metformin has been associated with improved colorectal cancer survival, but investigations are limited by small numbers of patients and confounding by diabetic severity." | 3.83 | Metformin, Diabetes, and Survival among U.S. Veterans with Colorectal Cancer. ( Cossor, FI; Kelley, MJ; Martell, RE; Paulus, JK; Williams, CD, 2016) |
| "The purpose of the present study was to determine the potential relationships of glycemic control and use of metformin with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer characteristics." | 3.83 | Impact of Glycemic Control and Metformin Use on the Recurrence and Progression of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. ( Ahn, JH; Hwang, EC; Jung, SI; Kim, SW; Kwon, DD; Yim, SU, 2016) |
| "This study aimed to investigate the effect of metformin on survival of people with type 2 diabetes and pleural mesothelioma." | 3.83 | Metformin and survival of people with type 2 diabetes and pleural mesothelioma: A population-based retrospective cohort study. ( Brewster, DH; Damhuis, RA; Walker, J; Wild, SH; Wu, H, 2016) |
| "Metformin is the first-line oral medication to increase insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D)." | 3.83 | Metformin Effect on Nontargeted Metabolite Profiles in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and in Multiple Murine Tissues. ( Adam, J; Adamski, J; Ankerst, D; Bi, J; Brandmaier, S; Chi, S; Giani, G; Gieger, C; Heier, M; Herder, C; Hrabĕ de Angelis, M; Illig, T; Kastenmüller, G; Leonhardt, J; Li, Y; Meitinger, T; Mohney, RP; Neschen, S; Peters, A; Rathmann, W; Roden, M; Rotter, M; Scheerer, MF; Strauch, K; Suhre, K; Troll, M; Wang-Sattler, R; Xu, T, 2016) |
| "The principal objective of this study was to retrospectively review a series of cases of lactic acidosis (LA) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and examine the relationship with the use of metformin." | 3.83 | Lactic acidosis and the relationship with metformin usage: Case reports. ( Castelino, RL; Huang, W; Peterson, GM, 2016) |
| "This study aimed to investigate the role of MTP on lipid metabolism disorders in insulin-resistant rats and the potential mechanism through which metformin can improve lipid metabolism disorders." | 3.83 | Metformin improves lipid metabolism disorders through reducing the expression of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein in OLETF rats. ( Guo, X; Liu, J; Liu, L; Wang, N; Wu, Y; Zhang, J, 2016) |
| "Metformin, a biguanide drug, is emerging as an important treatment option for the prevention or treatment of weight gain, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the metabolic syndrome in psychiatric patients, especially those who require or receive antipsychotic drugs." | 3.83 | Use of Metformin for Cardiometabolic Risks in Psychiatric Practice: Need-to-Know Safety Issues. ( Andrade, C, 2016) |
| "In patients with metabolic syndrome who are in the highest-risk quartile for progression to diabetes (predicted mean 3-year risk, 60%), metformin, 850 mg twice daily, reduces the absolute risk by about 20% over a 3-year period." | 3.83 | Clinical Inquiry: Which patients with metabolic syndrome benefit from metformin? ( Chi, J; Kelsberg, G; Safranek, S; Stover, L, 2016) |
| "Lactic acidosis is the most severe adverse effect associated with metformin therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 3.83 | [Lactic acidosis due to metformin accumulation complicating acute gastroenteritis]. ( DŽupová, O; Kulichová, J, 2016) |
| " Metformin - an oral hypoglycemic drug universally recommended as the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) - undergoes significant accumulation in advanced CKD that may ultimately lead to lactic acidosis." | 3.81 | Prescription-medication sharing among family members: an unrecognized cause of a serious drug adverse event in a patient with impaired renal function. ( Makówka, A; Nowicki, M; Zawiasa, A, 2015) |
| "We report three Caucasian patients affected by gout and type 2 diabetes, who were treated with the recombinant nonglycosylated human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist anakinra (100 mg/day subcutaneously) after an unsatisfactory or incomplete response to urate-lowering therapy, colchicine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and prednisone." | 3.81 | Anakinra treatment in patients with gout and type 2 diabetes. ( Bardelli, M; Cantarini, L; Galeazzi, M; Rigante, D; Vitale, A, 2015) |
| "All Danish individuals using dual therapy with SU + insulin or metformin + insulin without prior myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke were followed from 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2009 in nationwide registries." | 3.81 | Sulfonylurea in combination with insulin is associated with increased mortality compared with a combination of insulin and metformin in a retrospective Danish nationwide study. ( Andersson, C; Fosbøl, EL; Gislason, G; Køber, L; Mogensen, UM; Scheller, NM; Schramm, TK; Torp-Pedersen, C; Vaag, A, 2015) |
| "Using as a template the Mini-Sentinel protocol for the active surveillance of acute myocardial infarction (MI) in association with use of antidiabetic agents, we defined cohorts of new users of metformin and second-generation sulfonylureas, baseline covariates and acute MI events using three combinations of washout and baseline periods." | 3.81 | Sensitivity analysis of methods for active surveillance of acute myocardial infarction using electronic databases. ( Brodovicz, KG; Girman, CJ; Li, X; Ofner, S; Santanello, N; Shen, C; Simonaitis, L, 2015) |
| "Using nationwide administrative Danish registries, we followed all individuals without prior stroke or myocardial infarction who initiated metformin and an IS from 1997 through 2009." | 3.81 | Metformin in combination with various insulin secretagogues in type 2 diabetes and associated risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality--a retrospective nationwide study. ( Andersson, C; Fosbøl, EL; Gislason, G; Køber, L; Mogensen, UM; Scheller, NM; Schramm, TK; Torp-Pedersen, C; Vaag, A, 2015) |
| "Our findings suggest that the loss-of-function variant OCT2-T201M (rs145450955) contribute to changes in insulin resistance and beta cell activity in patients with T2D treated with metformin." | 3.81 | The variant organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2)-T201M contribute to changes in insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin. ( Alizadeh, A; Bahar, A; Hashemi-Soteh, MB; Kashi, Z; Mahrooz, A; Masoumi, P, 2015) |
| "This study assessed the association between glucose-lowering drug (GLD) use, including metformin, sulphonylurea derivatives and insulin, after breast cancer diagnosis and breast cancer-specific and all-cause mortality." | 3.81 | The association between glucose-lowering drug use and mortality among breast cancer patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Cardwell, CR; Murray, LJ; Pouwer, F; van de Poll-Franse, LV; Vissers, PA; Young, IS, 2015) |
| "Empagliflozin is a new medicine used to reduce hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes." | 3.81 | [Empagliflozin - the new representative of SGLT2 transporter inhibitors for the treatment of patients with diabetes 2 type]. ( Prázný, M; Slíva, J, 2015) |
| "The March 2012 regulatory action issued by the Japanese government signalled the rare but serious complication of lactic acidosis that can occur during metformin treatment, especially with the high dose formulation, h-metformin, and in those above 75 years old." | 3.81 | Impact of Japanese regulatory action on metformin-associated lactic acidosis in type II diabetes patients. ( Hanatani, T; Sai, K; Saito, Y; Segawa, K; Tohkin, M, 2015) |
| " sulfonylureas with metformin after failure of first-line treatment is associated with a decreased risk for major adverse cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction and stroke) and for all-cause mortality." | 3.81 | The combination of DPP-4 inhibitors versus sulfonylureas with metformin after failure of first-line treatment in the risk for major cardiovascular events and death. ( Azoulay, L; Yin, H; Yu, OH, 2015) |
| "To examine the relationship between different anti-diabetic therapies (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), metformin and sulfonylureas) and risk of acute pancreatitis among type 2 diabetic patients in Taiwan, and explore each drug's dose-response relationship." | 3.81 | Anti-diabetic therapies and the risk of acute pancreatitis: a nationwide retrospective cohort study from Taiwan. ( Chang, HY; Chiang, YT; Hsieh, CF; Huang, WF; Singh, S; Tang, W, 2015) |
| "Metformin-induced lactic acidosis is a rare but severe disease for the individual patients." | 3.81 | [Metformin-induced lactic acidosis : Severe symptoms with difficult diagnostics]. ( Brenner, T; Decker, SO; Hofer, S; Siegler, BH; Ulrich, A; Wortmann, M, 2015) |
| "We explored if known risk factors for pancreatic cancer such as type II diabetes and chronic inflammation, influence the pathophysiology of an established primary tumor in the pancreas and if administration of metformin has an impact on tumor growth." | 3.81 | Impact of diabetes type II and chronic inflammation on pancreatic cancer. ( Albert, AC; Amme, J; Bürtin, F; Partecke, LI; Radecke, T; Vollmar, B; Zechner, D, 2015) |
| " However, due to its rare association with lactic acidosis, its safety in COPD is uncertain." | 3.81 | Safety of metformin in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Archer, JR; Baker, EH; Hitchings, AW; Srivastava, SA, 2015) |
| "In intention-to-treat analyses, there was no difference in the risk of any cardiovascular event among the add-on combination treatment groups, but significantly lower risks of acute myocardial infarction were found for the glinides plus metformin treatment group (crude hazard ratio 0." | 3.81 | Cardiovascular risks associated with second-line oral antidiabetic agents added to metformin in patients with Type 2 diabetes: a nationwide cohort study. ( Chang, CH; Chang, YC; Chen, ST; Chuang, LM; Lai, MS; Lin, JW, 2015) |
| "To examine, in an animal study, whether EA combined with metformin (EA-metformin) results in a better glucose-lowering effect and greater insulin sensitivity than metformin alone in steroid-induced insulin-resistant rats." | 3.81 | Electroacupuncture plus metformin lowers glucose levels and facilitates insulin sensitivity by activating MAPK in steroid-induced insulin-resistant rats. ( Chang, SL; Lee, YC; Liao, HY; Lin, JG; Sun, MF, 2015) |
| "Our data suggest that pre-existing non-symptomatic gastritis was associated with metformin-related gastrointestinal side effects." | 3.81 | Asymptomatic chronic gastritis decreases metformin tolerance in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Huang, Y; Sun, J; Tan, W; Tao, X; Wang, H; Wang, X, 2015) |
| "Vascular calcification (VC) is inhibited by the glycoprotein osteoprotegerin (OPG)." | 3.81 | The effects of insulin and liraglutide on osteoprotegerin and vascular calcification in vitro and in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Agha, A; Ashley, DT; Cummins, PM; Davenport, C; Forde, H; Mahmood, WA; McAdam, B; McDermott, J; McGrath, F; Smith, D; Sreenan, S; Thompson, CJ, 2015) |
| "Previous studies have shown that metformin or statins may decrease hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in diabetic patients." | 3.81 | Combination Therapy of Metformin and Statin May Decrease Hepatocellular Carcinoma Among Diabetic Patients in Asia. ( Chen, HH; Kao, CH; Lin, MC; Muo, CH; Sung, FC; Yeh, SY, 2015) |
| "We conducted a population-based case-control study to assess the myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke risks associated with sulphonylureas and insulin when used in combination with metformin." | 3.81 | Case-control study of second-line therapies for type 2 diabetes in combination with metformin and the comparative risks of myocardial infarction and stroke. ( Dublin, S; Flory, JH; Floyd, JS; Heckbert, SR; Psaty, BM; Sitlani, CM; Smith, NL; Wiggins, KL, 2015) |
| "The aim of this study was to look at the influence of metformin intake and duration, on urinary bladder cancer (UBC) risk, with sulfonylurea (SU) only users as control using a new user design (inception cohort)." | 3.81 | Influence of metformin intake on the risk of bladder cancer in type 2 diabetes patients. ( Buntinx, F; De Bruin, ML; De Vries, F; Driessen, JH; Goossens, ME; Zeegers, MP, 2015) |
| "Existing literature suggests that metformin, the most commonly used biguanide, may lower colorectal cancer risk." | 3.81 | Metformin use and risk of colorectal adenoma after polypectomy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Corley, DA; Doubeni, CA; Jensen, CD; Marks, AR; Pietrofesa, RA; Zebrowski, A, 2015) |
| "To investigate the potential genetic effect on metformin efficacy in overweight or obese Chinese Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients." | 3.81 | IL-1B rs1143623 and EEF1A1P11-RPL7P9 rs10783050 polymorphisms affect the glucose-lowing efficacy of metformin in Chinese overweight or obese Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. ( Gong, WJ; Han, XY; Ji, LN; Li, X; Lin, X; Liu, RR; Liu, ZQ; Tang, Q; Xiao, D; Xu, XJ; Yin, JY; Zhang, SM; Zhang, W; Zheng, Y; Zhou, HH, 2015) |
| "The aim of this retrospective observational study was to evaluate whether adding liraglutide to lifestyle changes, metformin (Met) and testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), by means of improving weight and glycaemic control, could boost erectile function in type 2 diabetic obese men with overt hypogonadism and erectile dysfunction (ED) in a 'real-life setting'." | 3.81 | Adding liraglutide to lifestyle changes, metformin and testosterone therapy boosts erectile function in diabetic obese men with overt hypogonadism. ( Carbone, MD; De Pergola, G; Giagulli, VA; Guastamacchia, E; Licchelli, B; Ramunni, MI; Sabbà, C; Triggiani, V, 2015) |
| "56]) compared with sulfonylureas as add-on therapy to metformin but had no effect on risks for myocardial infarction and hospitalization for heart failure." | 3.81 | Effects on Clinical Outcomes of Adding Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors Versus Sulfonylureas to Metformin Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Chao, PW; Chen, TJ; Chen, YT; Chu, H; Kuo, SC; Lee, YJ; Li, SY; Lin, CC; Ou, SM; Shih, CJ; Tarng, DC; Wang, SJ; Yang, CY, 2015) |
| "No statistically significant association of cardioprotection was found between metformin and myocardial infarct size in patients with diabetes and acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction." | 3.81 | Metformin and Myocardial Injury in Patients With Diabetes and ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis. ( Akerman, M; Basnet, S; Kozikowski, A; Lesser, M; Makaryus, AN; Pekmezaris, R; Wolf-Klein, G; Zeltser, R, 2015) |
| "To explore the effects of metformin on left ventricular remodeling in patients with primary hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to investigate the effects of hypertension duration and duration of drug administration on metformin's cardiac action." | 3.81 | [Effect of metformin on ventricular remodeling in patients with primary hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus]. ( Feng, X; Gao, W; Li, Z; Wu, Y; Zhang, Y; Zhao, W, 2015) |
| " All-cause mortality and a composite endpoint of stroke, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and all-cause mortality associated with sitagliptin monotherapy were compared with metformin monotherapy." | 3.80 | All-cause mortality and cardiovascular effects associated with the DPP-IV inhibitor sitagliptin compared with metformin, a retrospective cohort study on the Danish population. ( Andersson, C; Mogensen, UM; Scheller, NM; Torp-Pedersen, C; Vaag, A, 2014) |
| "To evaluate the frequency with which hypothyroidism is associated with Type 2 diabetes, to examine gender and ethnic group differences, and to assess the possible impact of metformin therapy." | 3.80 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism: the possible influence of metformin therapy. ( Distiller, LA; Joffe, BI; Polakow, ES, 2014) |
| "OBJECTIVE The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) trial investigated rates of progression to diabetes among adults with prediabetes randomized to treatment with placebo, metformin, or intensive lifestyle intervention." | 3.80 | Genetic risk of progression to type 2 diabetes and response to intensive lifestyle or metformin in prediabetic women with and without a history of gestational diabetes mellitus. ( Christophi, CA; Dabelea, D; Dagogo-Jack, S; Florez, JC; Franks, PW; Jablonski, KA; Kim, C; Knowler, WC; Ratner, R; Sullivan, SD, 2014) |
| "Here, we sought to compare the efficacy of combining exercise and metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in hyperphagic, obese, type 2 diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats." | 3.80 | Combining metformin and aerobic exercise training in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and NAFLD in OLETF rats. ( Booth, FW; Crissey, JM; Fletcher, JA; Ibdah, JA; Kearney, ML; Laughlin, MH; Linden, MA; Meers, GM; Morris, EM; Rector, RS; Sowers, JR; Thyfault, JP, 2014) |
| "Our primary objective was to determine whether administering the viscous and fermentable polysaccharide PolyGlycopleX (PGX) with metformin (MET) or sitagliptin/metformin (S/MET) reduces hyperglycemia in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats more so than monotherapy of each." | 3.80 | Combining sitagliptin/metformin with a functional fiber delays diabetes progression in Zucker rats. ( Gahler, RJ; Grover, GJ; Koetzner, L; Lyon, MR; Reimer, RA; Wood, S, 2014) |
| "Over a 20-year period, patients on dapagliflozin were projected to experience relative reductions in the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, CV death, and all-cause death of 13." | 3.80 | Modeling effects of SGLT-2 inhibitor dapagliflozin treatment versus standard diabetes therapy on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes. ( Alperin, P; Cohen, M; Dziuba, J; Goswami, D; Grossman, HL; Hardy, E; Iloeje, U; Perlstein, I; Racketa, J, 2014) |
| "We identified 196 incident bladder cancers in the metformin cohort and 66 cancers in the SU cohort." | 3.80 | Incidence of bladder cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin or sulfonylureas. ( Finkelman, BS; Haas, NB; Haynes, K; Keefe, SM; Lewis, JD; Mamtani, R; Pfanzelter, N; Vaughn, DJ; Wang, X, 2014) |
| "Whether metformin therapy affects bladder cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has not been extensively investigated." | 3.80 | Metformin may reduce bladder cancer risk in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Tseng, CH, 2014) |
| "In a number of patients, the antidiabetic drug metformin has been associated with lactic acidosis." | 3.80 | Metformin in peritoneal dialysis: a pilot experience. ( Abdul-Rahman, IS; Al-Hwiesh, AK; Al-Mohanna, FA; Divino-Filho, JC; El-Deen, MA; Gupta, KL; Larbi, E, 2014) |
| "Whether metformin therapy affects breast cancer risk in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has not been investigated." | 3.80 | Metformin may reduce breast cancer risk in Taiwanese women with type 2 diabetes. ( Tseng, CH, 2014) |
| "Danish individuals without prior myocardial infarction or stroke that initiated combinations of metformin with sulphonylurea (SU), DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists or insulin between 9 May 2007 and 31 December 2011 were followed up for the risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular (CV) mortality or a combined end point of myocardial infarction, stroke and CV mortality." | 3.80 | Cardiovascular safety of combination therapies with incretin-based drugs and metformin compared with a combination of metformin and sulphonylurea in type 2 diabetes mellitus--a retrospective nationwide study. ( Andersson, C; Fosbøl, EL; Gislason, G; Køber, L; Mogensen, UM; Scheller, NM; Schramm, TK; Torp-Pedersen, C; Vaag, A, 2014) |
| "The objective of this study was to determine whether treatment with metformin in patients with renal impairment is associated with a higher risk of lactic acidosis or elevated lactate concentrations compared with users of a noninsulin antidiabetic drug (NIAD) who had never used metformin." | 3.80 | Risk of lactic acidosis or elevated lactate concentrations in metformin users with renal impairment: a population-based cohort study. ( De Smet, PA; de Vries, F; Derijks, HJ; Egberts, A; Eppenga, WL; Geerts, AF; Lalmohamed, A; Wensing, M, 2014) |
| "Two patients with type 2 DM developed acute kidney injury and lactic acidosis following colonoscopy despite withholding metformin." | 3.80 | Acute renal failure and metformin-associated lactic acidosis following colonoscopy. ( Connor, SJ; Depczynski, B; Hall, BM; Hussain, MI, 2014) |
| "To determine whether the use of metformin in type 2 diabetic patients with various kidney functions is associated with an increased risk of lactic acidosis (LA)." | 3.80 | Incidence of lactic acidosis in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without renal impairment treated with metformin: a retrospective cohort study. ( Corvino, FA; Gottwald-Hostalek, U; Guedes, S; Richy, FF; Sabidó-Espin, M, 2014) |
| "Metformin-associated lactic acidosis is a diagnosis by exclusion; however, a high degree of clinical suspicion supplemented by prompt multisystem organ support can significantly influence the outcome in critically ill patients." | 3.80 | Metformin-associated lactic acidosis presenting as an ischemic gut in a patient who then survived a cardiac arrest: a case report. ( Ncomanzi, D; Sicat, RM; Sundararajan, K, 2014) |
| "Recent studies have suggested that metformin may inhibit endothelialization following limus-eluting stent (LES) placement and may increase the risk of stent thrombosis." | 3.80 | Stent thrombosis is not increased following percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus taking metformin. ( Chen, F; Lipinski, MJ; Pendyala, LK; Torguson, R; Waksman, R, 2014) |
| "Observational data suggest that metformin use decreases breast cancer (BC) incidence in women with diabetes; the impact of metformin on BC outcomes in this population is less clear." | 3.80 | The effect of metformin on breast cancer outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Eaton, A; King, TA; Oppong, BA; Oskar, S; Patil, S; Pharmer, LA; Stempel, M, 2014) |
| " The risk of all-cause mortality was also significantly lower in the PIO cohort than the INS cohort among subgroups based on baseline variables such as sex, age (<55 years, ≥55 years), antidiabetic medication use (sulfonylureas or metformin), lipid-altering medication use, and congestive heart failure status." | 3.80 | A comparison of all-cause mortality with pioglitazone and insulin in type 2 diabetes: an expanded analysis from a retrospective cohort study. ( Bron, M; Joseph, G; Liang, H; Perez, A; Vallarino, C; Yang, J; Yu, S, 2014) |
| "There is controversy surrounding the risk of metformin and the development of lactic acidosis." | 3.80 | Pharmacist review prevents evolving metformin-associated lactic acidosis. ( Kyle, G; Naunton, M; Naunton-Boom, K; Owoka, F, 2014) |
| "Metformin is commonly used as the first line of medication for the treatment of metabolic syndromes, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D)." | 3.80 | Effect of metformin on metabolic improvement and gut microbiota. ( Ko, G; Lee, H, 2014) |
| "Despite the limitations of this observational study, diabetes patients with MS who were treated with metformin plus DPP-4 inhibitors had better compliance, greater metabolic control, and lower rates of hypoglycemia, causing lower costs for the Spanish national health system than patients receiving metformin plus other antidiabetes drugs." | 3.80 | Healthcare costs of the combination of metformin/dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors compared with metformin/other oral antidiabetes agents in patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. ( Navarro-Artieda, R; Sicras-Mainar, A, 2014) |
| "In vitro and animal studies indicate that metformin prevents colorectal cancer (CRC)." | 3.80 | Long-term use of metformin and colorectal cancer risk in type II diabetics: a population-based case-control study. ( Cardel, M; Hallas, J; Jensen, SM; Jørgensen, TL; Pottegård, A, 2014) |
| "One year of diet control with lifestyle modifications and pharmacological treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and metformin markedly decreased hemoglobin A1c levels and resulted in effective and substantial weight loss in a morbidly obese patient with dysregulated diabetes during the preoperative period." | 3.80 | Effective weight loss after treatment with a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist in a morbidly obese and diabetic patient before bariatric surgery: a case report. ( Chen, JH; Lee, CH; Tang, WH, 2014) |
| "In this longitudinal population-based study, metformin use was associated with an increased incidence of low TSH levels in patients with treated hypothyroidism, but not in euthyroid patients." | 3.80 | Metformin and low levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Azoulay, L; Fournier, JP; Yin, H; Yu, OH, 2014) |
| "Laboratory studies suggest that metformin limits atherosclerosis." | 3.80 | The cardiovascular effects of metformin: lost in translation? ( Riksen, NP; Tack, CJ, 2014) |
| "to explore the possibility of metformin protective effect on frailty syndrome." | 3.80 | Relationship between metformin and frailty syndrome in elderly people with type 2 diabetes. ( Dewiasty, E; Purnamasari, D; Setiati, S; Sumantri, S, 2014) |
| "To assess whether metformin, which has a chemopreventive effect in chronic liver disease, has any chemotherapeutic effect in hepatocellular carcinoma." | 3.80 | Metformin does not improve survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. ( Bhat, M; Chaiteerakij, R; Giama, NH; Gores, GJ; Harmsen, WS; Roberts, LR; Schleck, CD; Therneau, TM; Yang, JD, 2014) |
| "Lactic acidosis is a well-known complication of the anti-hyperglycemic biguanide agent metformin, especially in peculiar but not rare clinical conditions." | 3.80 | Metformin-associated lactic acidosis and temporary ileostomy: a case report. ( Margiani, C; Mura, P; Restivo, A; Saba, M; Scintu, F; Zorcolo, L, 2014) |
| "Recent population studies provide clues that the use of metformin may be associated with reduced incidence and improved prognosis of breast cancer." | 3.80 | Metformin and survival in diabetic patients with breast cancer. ( El-Benhawy, SA; El-Sheredy, HG, 2014) |
| "We demonstrate an inhibitory effect of metformin on prevalent and incident goiter." | 3.79 | Metformin inhibits goitrogenous effects of type 2 diabetes. ( Derwahl, M; Ittermann, T; Markus, MR; Meisinger, C; Schipf, S; Völzke, H, 2013) |
| " The cytokine serum levels, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as a marker of glucoregulation, homeostasis model assessment index as a measure of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and body mass index (BMI) were determined before and after 12 weeks of therapy consisting of standard lifestyle modification and metformin (1000 mg b." | 3.79 | Therapeutic improvement of glucoregulation in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients is associated with a reduction of IL-17 levels. ( Cvijovic, G; Janjetovic, K; Jeremic, D; Micic, D; Pantovic, A; Stamenkovic-Pejkovic, D; Stevanovic, D; Sumarac-Dumanovic, M; Trajkovic, V, 2013) |
| " When treating an adult patient with type 2 diabetes, the physician must focus on the following (in order of importance): smoking cessation and other lifestyle interventions, blood pressure control, metformin use, lipid control, and glycemic control." | 3.79 | Diabetes update: long-term treatment of adults. ( Erlich, DR; Shaughnessy, A; Slawson, DC, 2013) |
| " Metformin is a first-line drug for treatment of type 2 diabetes that improves peripheral insulin resistance." | 3.79 | TAK-875, a GPR40/FFAR1 agonist, in combination with metformin prevents progression of diabetes and β-cell dysfunction in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. ( Ito, R; Matsuda-Nagasumi, K; Mori, I; Negoro, N; Takeuchi, K; Tsujihata, Y, 2013) |
| "BCAA/AAAs changed acutely during glipizide and metformin administration, and the magnitude and direction of change differed by the insulin resistance status of the individual and the intervention." | 3.79 | Branched chain and aromatic amino acids change acutely following two medical therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Ackerman, RJ; Altshuler, D; Billings, LK; Chamarthi, B; Clish, CB; Davis, J; Deik, A; Fanelli, RR; Florez, JC; Gerszten, RE; Grant, RW; Hernandez, AM; Huang, C; Hudson, MS; Khan, SQ; Littleton, KR; Lo, J; McCarthy, RM; Rhee, EP; Stolerman, E; Taylor, A; Walford, GA; Wang, TJ; Warner, AS, 2013) |
| "Experimental studies have suggested that metformin may decrease the incidence of colorectal cancer in patients with type II diabetes." | 3.79 | The use of metformin and colorectal cancer incidence in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. ( Azoulay, L; Pollak, MN; Smiechowski, B; Suissa, S; Yin, H, 2013) |
| "To examine the safety and potential benefits of metformin in diabetic patients with cardiovascular (CV) disease and heart failure (HF)." | 3.79 | Evaluating the potential benefits of metformin in patients with cardiovascular disease and heart failure. ( Amin, SM; Chilipko, AA; Macharia, D; Norwood, DK; Still, KL, 2013) |
| "Aim of the study was to clarify the relationship between metformin-induced vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia and vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes." | 3.79 | Relationship between metformin use, vitamin B12 deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia and vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Aizawa, T; Funase, Y; Ouchi, K; Sato, Y; Yamauchi, K, 2013) |
| " The recommandation of its early management with metformin by the majority of guidelines has made metformin the object of multiple studies to demonstrate its benefits, but more importantly its side effects among whom the most serious is lactic acidosis." | 3.79 | [Toxicity of metformin, pro- or con- a future restriction to its contraindications?]. ( Décosterd, D; Wakim El Khoury, J, 2013) |
| "Telmisartan acts beneficially against diabetes-induced inflammation and improves insulin resistance in pre-diabetes OLETF rats fed with HFD." | 3.79 | Angiotensin II receptor blocker telmisartan prevents new-onset diabetes in pre-diabetes OLETF rats on a high-fat diet: evidence of anti-diabetes action. ( Li, LY; Luo, R; Sun, LT; Tian, FS; Xiong, HL; Zhao, ZQ; Zheng, XL, 2013) |
| "In diabetic patients complicated with colorectal cancer (CRC), metformin treatment was reported to have diverse correlation with CRC-specific mortality." | 3.79 | Effects of metformin on CD133+ colorectal cancer cells in diabetic patients. ( Gao, F; Guan, M; Xue, Y; Zhang, Q; Zhang, Y; Zheng, Z, 2013) |
| "Lactic acidosis is a rare but severe complication in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin." | 3.79 | Metformin-induced lactic acidosis associated with multiorganic failure. ( Bajrami, V; Barbullushi, M; Bolleku, E; Idrizi, A; Likaj, E; Nunci, L; Ohri, I; Thereska, N, 2013) |
| "These results suggested that chronic pretreatment with metformin may be associated with the reduction of the no-reflow phenomenon in patients with diabetes mellitus after primary angioplasty for AMI." | 3.79 | Chronic pretreatment of metformin is associated with the reduction of the no-reflow phenomenon in patients with diabetes mellitus after primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. ( Fan, CM; Gao, X; Pei, WD; Yang, YJ; You, SJ; Zhao, JL; Zhou, Q, 2013) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with a higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is attenuated by the use of metformin." | 3.79 | Metformin decreases hepatocellular carcinoma risk in a dose-dependent manner: population-based and in vitro studies. ( Chang, CC; Chen, HP; Chen, TT; Lin, JH; Lin, JT; Shieh, JJ; Wu, CY; Wu, MS, 2013) |
| "Gemfibrozil is a PPAR-α ligand that inhibits the progression of atherosclerosis in insulin resistance type 2 diabetes mellitus (IR type 2 DM)." | 3.79 | Gemfibrozil and its combination with metformin on pleiotropic effect on IL-10 and adiponectin and anti-atherogenic treatment in insulin resistant type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. ( Kurmi, MK; Raikwar, SK; Sharma, AK; Srinivasan, BP, 2013) |
| "Metformin associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a serious complication occurring especially in elderly patients given high doses of the drug." | 3.79 | Monitoring of metformin-induced lactic acidosis in a diabetic patient with acute kidney failure and effect of hemodialysis. ( Amiel, JB; Laforest, C; Merle, L; Pichon, N; Saint-Marcoux, F, 2013) |
| " In BPH men, diabetes duration was not significantly related with bladder cancer; but metformin was consistently associated with a significantly lower risk, with adjusted hazard ratio of 0." | 3.79 | Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a significant risk factor for bladder cancer in diabetic patients: a population-based cohort study using the National Health Insurance in Taiwan. ( Tseng, CH, 2013) |
| "The pharmacological action of metformin goes beyond mere glycemic control, decreasing markers of inflammation and contributing to the reduction of oxidative stress." | 3.78 | [Effect of metformin on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, Toll like receptors 2/4 and C reactive protein in obese type-2 diabetic patients]. ( Andrews, M; Arredondo, M; Soto, N, 2012) |
| "Thiazolidinediones and metformin users are associated with better clinical outcomes than nonusers in diabetics with stage≥2 HER2+ breast cancer." | 3.78 | Metformin and thiazolidinediones are associated with improved breast cancer-specific survival of diabetic women with HER2+ breast cancer. ( Ensor, J; Esteva, FJ; He, X; Hortobagyi, GN; Lee, MH; Yeung, SC, 2012) |
| "To explore the association between use of metformin or other antidiabetic drugs and the risk of colorectal cancer." | 3.78 | Use of metformin is not associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer: a case-control analysis. ( Becker, C; Bodmer, M; Jick, SS; Meier, C; Meier, CR, 2012) |
| "The pharmacokinetics of metformin was influenced by lean body weight on an allometric basis and was related to markers of renal function, age, and serum creatinine in this population of 105 patients." | 3.78 | Population pharmacokinetics of metformin in obese and non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Bardin, C; Chast, F; Larger, E; Nobecourt, E; Treluyer, JM; Urien, S, 2012) |
| "Colorectal cancer patients with DM treated with metformin as part of their diabetic therapy appear to have a superior OS." | 3.78 | Survival advantage observed with the use of metformin in patients with type II diabetes and colorectal cancer. ( Baladandayuthapani, V; Bhadkamkar, NA; Eng, C; Garrett, CR; Hassabo, HM; Hassan, MM; Kee, BK; Wen, S, 2012) |
| "Our results favour screening for hypothyroidism in patients with Type 2 diabetes older than 65 years, especially in the presence of diabetic macroangiopathy or treatment with metformin." | 3.78 | An analysis of the relative risk for hypothyroidism in patients with Type 2 diabetes. ( Díez, JJ; Iglesias, P, 2012) |
| "Metformin therapy is limited in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to the potential risk of lactic acidosis." | 3.78 | Metformin therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease. ( Day, RO; Duong, JK; Furlong, TJ; Graham, GG; Greenfield, JR; Kirkpatrick, CM; Kumar, SS; Roberts, DM; Williams, KM, 2012) |
| "In pre-specified analyses adjusting for the most recently measured HbA(1c) value, there was a substantial reduction in risk for confirmed hypoglycemia with sitagliptin compared to glipizide when added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with T2DM." | 3.78 | Lower risk of hypoglycemia with sitagliptin compared to glipizide when either is added to metformin therapy: a pre-specified analysis adjusting for the most recently measured HbA(1c) value. ( Davies, MJ; Ferrante, SA; Goldstein, BJ; Kaufman, KD; Krobot, KJ; Meininger, GE; Seck, T; Williams-Herman, D, 2012) |
| "Although there is data suggesting the in vitro inhibition of aromatase in cell lines by antidiabetic biguanide metformin (MF), there is no data on the intratumoral breast cancer (BC) aromatase expression in patients already receiving therapy for type II diabetes." | 3.78 | [Metformin does not suppress the aromatase expression in breast cancer tissue of patients with concurrent type 2 diabetes]. ( Bershteĭn, LM; Boiarkina, MP; Turkevich, EA, 2012) |
| "This study aimed to evaluate the potential effect of metformin on the incidence of colorectal adenomas in diabetic patients with previous colorectal cancer." | 3.78 | Metformin use is associated with a decreased incidence of colorectal adenomas in diabetic patients with previous colorectal cancer. ( Cheon, JH; Hong, SP; Jeon, SM; Kim, TI; Kim, WH; Lee, JH, 2012) |
| "To define the pharmacogenetic features of the effect of metformin in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), by taking into consideration PPAR-gamma2 Pro1 2Ala polymorphism." | 3.78 | [Pharmacogenetic features of the effect of metformin in patients with coronary heart disease in the presence of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus in terms of PPAR-gamma2 gene polymorphism]. ( Kaĭdashev, IP; Kutsenko, LA; Lavrenko, AV; Mamontova, TV; Shlykova, OA, 2012) |
| "To compare the effects of sulfonylureas and metformin on CVD outcomes (acute myocardial infarction and stroke) or death." | 3.78 | Comparative effectiveness of sulfonylurea and metformin monotherapy on cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cohort study. ( Elasy, TA; Greevy, RA; Griffin, MR; Grijalva, CG; Hung, AM; Liu, X; Murff, HJ; Roumie, CL, 2012) |
| "To evaluate the significance of diabetes mellitus and metformin in patients admitted to medical ICU with lactic acidosis." | 3.78 | Lactic acidosis in medical ICU - the role of diabetes mellitus and metformin. ( Charvat, J; Havlin, J; Hloch, O; Masopust, J, 2012) |
| "We describe two cases of severe metformin-related lactic acidosis with underlying acute kidney injury, which were treated with dialysis." | 3.77 | Metformin-related lactic acidosis in patients with acute kidney injury. ( Devetzis, V; Georgoulidou, A; Panagoutsos, S; Passadakis, P; Theodoridis, M; Thodis, E; Vargemezis, V, 2011) |
| "To evaluate the experience of hypoglycemia in patients treated with metformin in combination with sulphonylureas (SUs) and the impact on patients' quality of life (QoL) and worry about hypoglycemia." | 3.77 | Self-reported experience of hypoglycemia among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (Exhype). ( Deleskog, A; Journath, G; Pettersson, B; Rosenqvist, U; Wändell, P, 2011) |
| "We present an uncommon case of lactic acidosis after concomitant administration of Metformin and Tenofovir." | 3.77 | Lactic acidosis after concomitant treatment with metformin and tenofovir in a patient with HIV infection. ( Alivanis, P; Aperis, G; Arvanitis, A; Paliouras, C; Zervos, A, 2011) |
| "Baicalin was an efficient antioxidant in reducing hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress through the increased expression of antioxidant enzyme activities." | 3.77 | Baicalin upregulates the genetic expression of antioxidant enzymes in Type-2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. ( Hsu, A; Huang, D; Siu, SY; Tan, BK; Waisundara, VY, 2011) |
| " Two cases of lactic acidosis due to ingestion of high dose metformin for suicidal purposes have been presented here; in both cases, clinical improvement was seen with bicarbonate hemodialysis." | 3.77 | Dialysis therapy for lactic acidosis caused by metformin intoxication: presentation of two cases. ( Aytemiz, E; Begenik, H; Emre, H; Erkoc, R; Ozturk, M; Soyoral, YU, 2011) |
| " We examined the risk of hospitalisation with myocardial infarction (MI) among patients treated with sulfonylureas, metformin, insulin, any combination and no antidiabetic pharmacotherapy." | 3.77 | Antidiabetic treatments and risk of hospitalisation with myocardial infarction: a nationwide case-control study. ( Horsdal, HT; Johnsen, SP; Rungby, J; Søndergaard, F, 2011) |
| "The reported incidence of metformin associated lactic acidosis (MALA) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is 3-9 cases per 100,000 patient-years." | 3.77 | Metformin associated lactic acidosis: incidence and clinical correlation with metformin serum concentration measurements. ( Doorenbos, CJ; van Berlo-van de Laar, IR; Vermeij, CG, 2011) |
| " During the first year of treatment, exenatide, in combination with metformin and repaglinide, led to a weight loss of 14 kg and fat mass and waist circumference were respectively reduced from 31 to 25." | 3.77 | Exenatide improves weight loss insulin sensitivity and β-cell function following administration to a type 2 diabetic HIV patient on antiretroviral therapy. ( Buysschaert, M; de la Tribonnière, X; Hermans, MP; Oriot, P; Selvais, P, 2011) |
| "In the Canadian Normoglycemia Outcome Evaluation (CANOE) trial, low-dose rosiglitazone/metformin reduced the risk of diabetes in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance by 66% over a median of 3." | 3.77 | Changes over time in glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and beta-cell function in response to low-dose metformin and thiazolidinedione combination therapy in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. ( Hanley, AJ; Harris, SB; Qi, Y; Retnakaran, R; Zinman, B, 2011) |
| "A total of 100 consecutive diabetic patients (53 men, age 61 ± 11 yr) with ongoing HCV cirrhosis and no contraindication for metformin were included in a screening program for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)." | 3.77 | Impact of metformin on the prognosis of cirrhosis induced by viral hepatitis C in diabetic patients. ( Aout, M; Beaugrand, M; Bourcier, V; Charif, I; Cosson, E; Ganne-Carrie, N; Grando-Lemaire, V; Mahmoudi, A; Nkontchou, G; Trinchet, JC; Vicaut, E, 2011) |
| "To evaluate serum visfatin levels and to determine the effects of metformin treatment on visfatin levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)." | 3.76 | Effect of metformin on serum visfatin levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. ( Cakal, E; Engin-Ustun, Y; Ozkaya, M; Ustun, Y, 2010) |
| "Circulating galectin-3 was similarly elevated in T2D and obesity compared with normal-weight individuals and revealed a body mass index-dependent positive correlation with leptin, resistin, IL-6, and age." | 3.76 | Serum galectin-3 is elevated in obesity and negatively correlates with glycosylated hemoglobin in type 2 diabetes. ( Aslanidis, C; Bauer, S; Buechler, C; Farkas, S; Neumeier, M; Schäffler, A; Scherer, MN; Schnitzbauer, A; Schölmerich, J; Wanninger, J; Weigert, J, 2010) |
| "A decreased risk of breast cancer was observed in female patients with type 2 diabetes using metformin on a long-term basis." | 3.76 | Long-term metformin use is associated with decreased risk of breast cancer. ( Bodmer, M; Jick, SS; Krähenbühl, S; Meier, C; Meier, CR, 2010) |
| "Diabetes and heart failure commonly coexist, and prior studies have suggested better outcomes with metformin than other antidiabetic agents." | 3.76 | Treatment of type 2 diabetes and outcomes in patients with heart failure: a nested case-control study from the U.K. General Practice Research Database. ( Bhagra, S; Eurich, DT; Jhund, PS; Lewsey, JD; MacDonald, MR; Majumdar, SR; McAlister, FA; McMurray, JJ; Petrie, JR; Petrie, MC, 2010) |
| "An increase in the rate of gluconeogenesis is largely responsible for the hyperglycemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes, with the antidiabetes action of metformin being thought to be achieved at least in part through suppression of gluconeogenesis." | 3.76 | Role of KLF15 in regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis and metformin action. ( Emi, A; Hayashi, K; Hiramatsu, R; Inoue, H; Kasuga, M; Kinoshita, S; Matsuki, Y; Ogawa, W; Okamoto, Y; Sakaue, H; Senga, Y; Takashima, M; Watanabe, E; Wataoka, Y, 2010) |
| "Metformin is widely used to treat hyperglycemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes." | 3.76 | Metformin inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis in mice independently of the LKB1/AMPK pathway via a decrease in hepatic energy state. ( Andreelli, F; Foretz, M; Hébrard, S; Leclerc, J; Mithieux, G; Sakamoto, K; Soty, M; Viollet, B; Zarrinpashneh, E, 2010) |
| "To report a case of idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity associated with metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)." | 3.76 | Hepatotoxicity associated with metformin therapy in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. ( Bachyrycz, AM; Cone, CJ; Murata, GH, 2010) |
| "A whole new area of investigation has emerged recently with regards to the anti-diabetic drug metformin and breast cancer." | 3.76 | Metformin and energy metabolism in breast cancer: from insulin physiology to tumour-initiating stem cells. ( Cufí, S; Martin-Castillo, B; Menendez, JA; Oliveras-Ferraros, C; Vazquez-Martin, A, 2010) |
| "The safety of metformin in heart failure has been questioned because of a perceived risk of life-threatening lactic acidosis, though recent studies have not supported this concern." | 3.76 | Metformin treatment is associated with a low risk of mortality in diabetic patients with heart failure: a retrospective nationwide cohort study. ( Abildstrøm, SZ; Andersson, C; Gislason, GH; Hansen, PR; Jørgensen, CH; Køber, L; Lange, T; Norgaard, ML; Olesen, JB; Schramm, TK; Torp-Pedersen, C; Vaag, A; Weeke, P, 2010) |
| "Metformin associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a rare condition with a prevalence of 3 per 100,000 patient-years." | 3.76 | [Metformin treatment causes persisting lactic acidosis after cardiac arrest]. ( Gamst, J; Hansen, LK; Rasmussen, BS, 2010) |
| "Metformin, a widely used hypoglycaemic agent in type 2 diabetes mellitus, is uncommonly associated with lactic acidosis, a serious condition with high mortality." | 3.76 | Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA): clinical profile and outcomes in patients admitted to the intensive care unit. ( Biradar, V; Moran, JL; Peake, SL; Peter, JV, 2010) |
| "Impaired glucose tolerance in obese youth is a reversible abnormality by lifestyle modification with or without metformin." | 3.76 | Successful strategy to improve glucose tolerance in Thai obese youth. ( Kiattisakthavee, P; Likitmaskul, S; Nakavachara, P; Numbenjapon, N; Santiprabhob, J; Wongarn, R, 2010) |
| "We investigated whether the addition of metformin to the treatment of overweight and obese individuals further reduces the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T (2)DM), prediabetes and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and improves cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (RFs)." | 3.75 | The effect of metformin on the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease risk factors in overweight and obese subjects--the Carmos study. ( Andreadis, EA; Diamantopoulos, EJ; Georgiopoulos, DX; Gouveri, ET; Katsanou, PM; Tsourous, GI; Yfanti, GK, 2009) |
| "Metformin-associated lactic acidosis is a very rare but critical condition." | 3.75 | Successful treatment of severe lactic acidosis caused by a suicide attempt with a metformin overdose. ( Lin, HD; Lin, KH; Lo, SH; Wang, LM; Yang, PW, 2009) |
| " Because patient compliance may be affected when media sensationalism about controversial findings is misunderstood, we sought to clarify the recent controversy surrounding the cardiovascular and bone-health risks of thiazolidinediones, the risk of lactic acidosis with metformin, and the risk of hypoglycemia with oral therapies." | 3.75 | Balancing risk and benefit with oral hypoglycemic drugs. ( Hamnvik, OP; McMahon, GT, 2009) |
| "Rosiglitazone was found associated with approximately a 43% increase in risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a two meta-analyses of clinical trials." | 3.75 | Rosiglitazone and myocardial infarction in patients previously prescribed metformin. ( Bassett, K; Carney, G; Dormuth, CR; Maclure, M; Schneeweiss, S; Wright, JM, 2009) |
| "In case of impaired consciousness, metabolic acidosis with wide anion gap and elevated lactate levels a metformin associated lactic acidosis should be considered in diabetic patients." | 3.75 | [Female patient with type 2 diabetes in coma with metabolic acidosis]. ( Conrad, T; zur Nieden, T, 2009) |
| "To study insulin sensitivity, as well as the effects of estrogen, metformin and GnRHa treatment on glucose homeostasis, in an aromatase-deficient girl." | 3.75 | Metformin, estrogen replacement therapy and gonadotropin inhibition fail to improve insulin sensitivity in a girl with aromatase deficiency. ( Belgorosky, A; Di Palma, MI; Guercio, G; Mazza, C; Pepe, C; Prieto, M; Rivarola, MA; Saraco, NI; Saure, C, 2009) |
| "The relationship among metformin use, plasma lactate levels, and lactic acidosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the appropriateness of metformin use in patients with renal dysfunction are discussed." | 3.75 | Metformin use in renal dysfunction: is a serum creatinine threshold appropriate? ( Ernst, ME; McDanel, DL; Moores, KG; Philbrick, AM; Ross, MB, 2009) |
| "Pioglitazone was associated with a significant increase in body weight and edema." | 3.75 | Adverse effect of pioglitazone in military personnel and their families: a preliminary report. ( Benjasuratwong, Y; Patarakitvanit, S; Satyapan, N; Temboonkiat, S; Vudhironarit, T, 2009) |
| " Systemic inflammation markers (fibrinogen, CRP), higher in DM, decreased following both treatments." | 3.74 | Intensification of oxidative stress and inflammation in type 2 diabetes despite antihyperglycemic treatment. ( Farah, R; Lapin, O; Shurtz-Swirski, R, 2008) |
| "To determine if the risk of developing heart failure (HF) is associated with the use of sulfonylurea or metformin in patients with diabetes." | 3.74 | The risk of heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with oral agent monotherapy. ( Eurich, DT; Johnson, JA; Majumdar, SR; McAlister, FA, 2008) |
| "05) were higher on the IL/H study day than on the glycerol study day, indicating persistence of NEFA-induced insulin resistance." | 3.74 | Effects of pioglitazone and metformin on NEFA-induced insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. ( Basu, A; Basu, R; Chandramouli, V; Cohen, O; Dicke, B; Landau, BR; Norby, B; Rizza, RA; Shah, P, 2008) |
| "Lactic acidosis has been associated with use of metformin." | 3.74 | Metformin, sulfonylureas, or other antidiabetes drugs and the risk of lactic acidosis or hypoglycemia: a nested case-control analysis. ( Bodmer, M; Jick, SS; Krähenbühl, S; Meier, C; Meier, CR, 2008) |
| "The objective of this study was to quantify 1-year weight gain associated with the initiation of sulphonylurea (SU), metformin, insulin and thiazolidinedione (TZD) therapy in a representative real world population of type 2 diabetic patients." | 3.74 | Weight changes following the initiation of new anti-hyperglycaemic therapies. ( Gomez-Caminero, A; Nichols, GA, 2007) |
| "To evaluate whether the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) differs among adult diabetic patients treated with thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and similar patients treated with combined oral metformin and sulfonylurea (M + S) therapy." | 3.74 | The risk of coronary heart disease in type 2 diabetic patients exposed to thiazolidinediones compared to metformin and sulfonylurea therapy. ( Cutone, JA; Johannes, CB; Koro, CE; Quinn, SG; Seeger, JD, 2007) |
| "A French analysis of reports of adverse effects shows that lactic acidosis due to metformin is preventable." | 3.74 | Metformin: preventable lactic acidosis. ( , 2007) |
| "A 39-year-old woman with type-2 diabetes mellitus presented with metabolic acidosis due to an attempted suicide with metformin." | 3.74 | [Fatal autointoxication with metformin]. ( Bijleveld, YA; de Pont, AC; Franssen, EJ; Hoekstra, JB; Jansen, ME; Kerver, ED, 2007) |
| "Prominent weight gain (mostly subcutaneous fat area) was observed in the pioglitazone-treated OLETF (O-P) rats versus significant weight loss was observed in the metformin-treated OLETF (O-M) rats." | 3.74 | The different mechanisms of insulin sensitizers to prevent type 2 diabetes in OLETF rats. ( Ahn, CW; Cha, BS; Choi, SH; Kim, DJ; Kim, SK; Lee, HC; Lee, YJ; Lim, SK; Zhao, ZS, 2007) |
| "To compare the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and coronary revascularization (CR) in type 2 diabetic patients treated with rosiglitazone, metformin, or sulfonylurea." | 3.74 | Coronary heart disease outcomes in patients receiving antidiabetic agents. ( Koro, C; Landon, J; McAfee, AT; Walker, AM; Ziyadeh, N, 2007) |
| "Vitamin B12 deficiency may be induced by long-term use of metformin, which may in turn lead to hyperhomocysteinemia." | 3.74 | Hyperhomocysteinemia, deep vein thrombosis and vitamin B12 deficiency in a metformin-treated diabetic patient. ( Chang, CS; Chung, CY; Lin, HY; Lin, JS; Shen, MC; Wang, ML, 2007) |
| " Metformin, a biguanide, improves insulin resistance by reducing gluconeogenesis and enhancing peripheral glucose uptake, promoting reduction of the plasma glucose level." | 3.74 | Anti-diabetic effects of compound K versus metformin versus compound K-metformin combination therapy in diabetic db/db mice. ( Chung, SH; Han, EJ; Sung, JH; Yoon, SH, 2007) |
| "A 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and a rapid intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) were performed before treatment was initiated, after treatment with metformin and at the end of 1 year of combination therapy with metformin and rosiglitazone to calculate quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and acute insulin response (AIR)." | 3.74 | Effect of metformin and rosiglitazone in a prepubertal boy with Alström syndrome. ( Anhalt, H; Bhangoo, A; Collin, GB; Maclaren, N; Marshall, JD; Naggert, JK; Sinha, SK; Ten, S, 2007) |
| "To assess the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and coronary revascularization (CR), in diabetic patients who began rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, metformin, or sulfonylureas." | 3.74 | Coronary heart disease outcomes in patients receiving antidiabetic agents in the PharMetrics database 2000-2007. ( Koro, CE; Landon, J; Walker, AM, 2008) |
| "Risk determinants for the life threatening complication of metformin-associated lactic acidosis are frequently disregarded." | 3.74 | Prevalence of risk determinants for metformin-associated lactic acidosis and metformin utilization in the study of health in pomerania. ( Alte, D; Baumeister, SE; Runge, S; Völzke, H, 2008) |
| "To determine the incidence of lactic acidosis in community-based patients with type 2 diabetes, with special reference to metformin therapy." | 3.74 | Metformin and lactic acidosis in an Australian community setting: the Fremantle Diabetes Study. ( Bruce, DG; Davis, TM; Davis, WA; Kamber, N, 2008) |
| " She would like to know whether she can continue using metformin during the pregnancy and also is concerned about the effect of the gastric bypass surgery." | 3.74 | A 40-year-old woman with diabetes contemplating pregnancy after gastric bypass surgery. ( Coustan, DR, 2008) |
| "In patients with diabetes mellitus, subclinical LV dysfunction is common and associated with poor diabetic control, advancing age, hypertension and metformin treatment; ACE inhibitor and insulin therapies appear to be protective." | 3.73 | Determinants of subclinical diabetic heart disease. ( Downey, M; Fang, ZY; Marwick, TH; Prins, J; Schull-Meade, R, 2005) |
| "We report a case of severe metabolic acidosis associated with acute renal failure and septicaemia following treatment with maximal therapeutic doses of metformin and diclofenac." | 3.73 | Intensive care treatment of severe mixed metabolic acidosis. ( Akeson, J; Christensson, A; Schmidt, A, 2005) |
| "Lactic acidosis is a known adverse risk of metformin treatment." | 3.73 | Fulminant lactic acidosis in two patients with Type 2 diabetes treated with metformin. ( Brassøe, R; Elkmann, T; Gravholt, CH; Hempel, M, 2005) |
| "Metformin is considered contraindicated in patients with heart failure because of concerns over lactic acidosis, despite increasing evidence of potential benefit." | 3.73 | Improved clinical outcomes associated with metformin in patients with diabetes and heart failure. ( Eurich, DT; Johnson, JA; Majumdar, SR; McAlister, FA; Tsuyuki, RT, 2005) |
| "The objective of the study was to describe the clinical and biochemical findings of four patients with chronic hypothyroidism, previously euthyroid on fixed doses of L-T4 for several years, in whom the metformin was initiated." | 3.73 | Thyrotropin suppression by metformin. ( Filmore-Nassar, A; Glass, AR; Vigersky, RA, 2006) |
| " This is largely due to the historical experience of lactic acidosis with phenformin, despite the fact that metformin does not predispose to this when compared with other therapies." | 3.73 | Contraindications can damage your health--is metformin a case in point? ( Holstein, A; Stumvoll, M, 2005) |
| "Right atrial sections from four patient groups-non-diabetic, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) receiving glibenclamide, and NIDDM receiving metformin-were subjected to one of the following protocols: aerobic control, simulated ischemia/reoxygenation, ischemic preconditioning before ischemia, and pharmacological preconditioning with alpha 1 agonist phenylephrine, adenosine, the mito-K(ATP) channel opener diazoxide, the protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), or the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) activator anisomycin." | 3.73 | Mitochondrial dysfunction as the cause of the failure to precondition the diabetic human myocardium. ( Fowler, A; Galiñanes, M; Hassouna, A; Loubani, M; Matata, BM; Standen, NB, 2006) |
| "Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a rare but serious clinical entity." | 3.73 | Metformin-associated lactic acidosis precipitated by acute renal failure. ( Shenoy, C, 2006) |
| "The pharmacokinetic disposition of metformin in late pregnancy was studied together with the level of fetal exposure at birth." | 3.73 | Population pharmacokinetics of metformin in late pregnancy. ( Charles, B; Hague, W; Norris, R; Xiao, X, 2006) |
| " Obesity is the most important risk factor to develop this disease and metformin is considered as a first line drug in overweighted diabetic patients." | 3.73 | [Metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes in overweighted or obese patients]. ( Costa Zamora, P; Díaz, JM; González Alvaro, A; Martín Muñoz, MC; Muros Bayo, JM, 2005) |
| "To review pregnancy outcomes in women with Type 2 diabetes (Type 2 DM), comparing women treated with those not treated with metformin." | 3.73 | Pregnancy in women with Type 2 diabetes: who takes metformin and what is the outcome? ( Hughes, RC; Rowan, JA, 2006) |
| "To determine the effects of pregnancy on metformin pharmacokinetics." | 3.73 | Effect of pregnancy on the pharmacokinetics of metformin. ( Begg, EJ; Gardiner, SJ; Hughes, RC; Zhang, M, 2006) |
| "Fifty-seven type 2 diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome and on insulin were assessed by a paired analysis before and 6 months after addition of metformin as combination therapy to evaluate the impact of the association on glycemic control, blood pressure, and lipid profile." | 3.73 | Effects of metformin on the glycemic control, lipid profile, and arterial blood pressure of type 2 diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome already on insulin. ( Dib, SA; Guedes, OM; Mourão-Júnior, CA; Sá, JR, 2006) |
| "The increasing prevalence of Type 2 diabetes and its treatment with metformin might result in more cases of lactic acidosis." | 3.73 | Severe acidosis in patients taking metformin--rapid reversal and survival despite high APACHE score. ( Grant, I; McKnight, JA; Nyirenda, MJ; Price, G; Sandeep, T, 2006) |
| "Although the role of insulin sensitivity is not negligible, insulin secretion appears to be the major determinant of diabetic control in overt type 2 diabetic patients who are treated with metformin alone or with a two-drug therapy combining metformin and glyburide." | 3.73 | Insulin secretion and sensitivity as determinants of HbA1c in type 2 diabetes. ( Colette, C; Lapinski, H; Monnier, L; Thuan, JF, 2006) |
| " The concomitant use of metformin may lead to lactic acidosis due to metformin accumulation." | 3.73 | [Nephrotoxicity after the use of intravenous X-ray contrast media in a type 2 diabetic being treated with metformin]. ( Bjarnason, NH; Elung-Jensen, T, 2006) |
| "We present 5 patients with DM2 and HT who developed severe metformin-associated lactic acidosis in a setting with acute renal failure, precipitated by dehydration and aggravated by the use of ACEI or ARB." | 3.73 | Metformin and antihypertensive therapy with drugs blocking the renin angiotensin system, a cause of concern? ( Aksnes, H; Froyshov, S; Gudmundsdottir, H; Heldal, K; Krogh, A; Os, I; Rudberg, N, 2006) |
| "In type II diabetes treated with metformin, lactic acidosis is a rare but severe complication." | 3.72 | [Metformin-associated lactic acidosis precipitated by acute renal failure]. ( Azoulay, E; Galy-Floc'h, M; Mariot, J; Pertek, JP; Vidal, S, 2003) |
| "We report 4 cases of lactic acidosis in diabetic patients usually treated with metformin." | 3.72 | [Metformin-associated lactic acidosis remains a serious complication of metformin therapy]. ( Giunti, C; Grimaud, D; Ichai, C; Levraut, J; Orban, JC, 2003) |
| "Metformin is widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, though it is recognized to be associated with the risk of lactic acidosis." | 3.72 | Experiences of a poison center with metformin-associated lactic acidosis. ( Sacha Weilemann, L; Sauer, O; von Mach, MA, 2004) |
| "To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of preventive treatment on diabetes, using metformin or acarbose among patients with impaired glucose tolerance." | 3.72 | [Cost-effective analysis of preventive treatment on diabetes]. ( Chen, SY; Hu, Y; Wang, JY, 2004) |
| "Metformin is commonly prescribed to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus, however it is associated with the potentially lethal condition of lactic acidosis." | 3.72 | Do risk factors for lactic acidosis influence dosing of metformin? ( Cottrell, N; Green, B; Millican, S, 2004) |
| "To compare the health and economic outcomes of using acarbose, an intensive lifestyle modification programme, metformin or no intervention to prevent progression to diabetes in Canadian individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)." | 3.72 | Economic evaluation of therapeutic interventions to prevent Type 2 diabetes in Canada. ( Caro, I; Caro, JJ; Getsios, D; Klittich, WS; O'Brien, JA, 2004) |
| "To investigate the effect of glimepiride and metformin on free fatty acid (FFA) in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and to further study the relationship between free fatty acid and insulin resistance in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 3.72 | [Effects of glimepiride and metformin on free fatty acid in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus]. ( Feng, Q; Mao, JP; Tang, JZ; Tang, WL; Yang, ZF; Zhou, ZG, 2004) |
| "Metformin Associated Lactic Acidosis (MALA) is a rare, but serious complications of Type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment with a mortality rate of around 50%." | 3.71 | An unusual case of metformin associated lactic acidosis. ( Poulose, V, 2002) |
| "The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of metformin in very obese subjects with acanthosis nigricans." | 3.71 | Therapeutic approach in insulin resistance with acanthosis nigricans. ( Dakovska, L; Kirilov, G; Koev, D; Tankova, T, 2002) |
| " Metformin, an oral hypoglycaemic agent that increases insulin sensitivity, has been shown to reduce serum concentrations of insulin and androgens, to reduce hirsutism, and to improve ovulation rates." | 3.71 | Metformin and intervention in polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocrine Society of Australia, the Australian Diabetes Society and the Australian Paediatric Endocrine Group. ( Cuneo, RC; Kidson, WJ; Norman, RJ; Zacharin, MR, 2001) |
| " In the "Diabetes Prevention Program", metformin (2 x 850 mg/day), a biguanide compound, reduces the progression from impaired glucose tolerance towards type 2 diabetes by 31% (p < 0." | 3.71 | [Info-Meeting. Pharmacologic prevention of the progression from impaired glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes: favorable effects of metformin and acarbose]. ( Scheen, AJ, 2001) |
| "The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of insulin-metformin combination therapy compared to insulin monotherapyin obese, insulin-requiring patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 3.71 | Insulin-metformin combination therapy in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Jaber, LA; Nowak, SN; Slaughter, RR, 2002) |
| "The risk of lactic acidosis during metformin therapy is linked to specific and well-documented conditions that constitute contraindications or precautions to use of the agent." | 3.71 | Evaluation of prescribing practices: risk of lactic acidosis with metformin therapy. ( Calabrese, AT; Coley, KC; DaPos, SV; Rao, RH; Swanson, D, 2002) |
| "Metformin-induced lactic acidosis is a common side effect in patients with renal insufficiency." | 3.71 | [Metformin-associated lactic acidosis with acute renal failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus]. ( Berner, B; Hagenlocher, S; Hummel, KM; Kleine, P; Müller, GA; Ramadori, G; Ritzel, U; Strutz, F, 2002) |
| "Intravascular administration of iodinated contrast media to patients who are receiving metformin, an oral antidiabetic agent, can result in lactic acidosis." | 3.70 | Metformin and contrast media: where is the conflict? ( Hammond, DI; Rasuli, P, 1998) |
| "To provide a context for the interpretation of lactic acidosis risk among patients using metformin, we measured rates of lactic acidosis in patients with type 2 diabetes before metformin was approved for use in the U." | 3.70 | Lactic acidosis rates in type 2 diabetes. ( Barzilay, J; Brown, JB; Herson, MK; Latare, P; Pedula, K, 1998) |
| "To determine whether hypoglycemic agents such as sulfonylureas, biguanides and the newly developed insulin sensitizers such as troglitazone, have hypotensive effects in an animal model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus associated with insulin resistance, male Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats aged 12 weeks were administered following hypoglycemic agents or vehicle by gavage for 26 weeks; glibenclamide (5 mg/kg/day), metformin (100 mg/kg/day) and troglitazone (70 mg/kg/day)." | 3.70 | Troglitazone and metformin, but not glibenclamide, decrease blood pressure in Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rats. ( Awata, T; Chen, S; Katayama, S; Kosegawa, I; Negishi, K, 1999) |
| " Principal study measures were the proportions of patients started on metformin who met prescribing guidelines (previously on sulfonylureas, HbA1c, obesity, creatinine), the change in HbA1c at 6 months after starting metformin, and hospitalization rates for lactic acidosis." | 3.70 | First 20 months' experience with use of metformin for type 2 diabetes in a large health maintenance organization. ( Brown, JB; Ettinger, B; Selby, JV; Swain, BE, 1999) |
| "The purpose of this study was to establish guidelines on how to avoid metformin-induced lactic acidosis following intravascular use of contrast media." | 3.70 | Contrast media and metformin: guidelines to diminish the risk of lactic acidosis in non-insulin-dependent diabetics after administration of contrast media. ESUR Contrast Media Safety Committee. ( Morcos, SK; Thomsen, HS, 1999) |
| "The biguanide drugs metformin and phenformin have been linked in the past to lactic acidosis, a metabolic condition associated with high rates of mortality." | 3.70 | Lactic acidosis in metformin therapy. ( Lalau, JD; Race, JM, 1999) |
| "When oral agents alone can no longer provide adequate glycemic control, the combination of a single bedtime injection of insulin with two daily doses of metformin will often normalize blood glucoses levels without the weight gain and hypoglycemia that may occur with other combined regimens." | 3.70 | A simple therapeutic combination for type 2 diabetes. ( Yki-Järvinen, H, 2000) |
| "The prevalence of pre-eclampsia was significantly increased in the group of women treated with metformin compared to women treated with sulphonylurea or insulin (32 vs." | 3.70 | Oral hypoglycaemic agents in 118 diabetic pregnancies. ( Damm, P; Hellmuth, E; Mølsted-Pedersen, L, 2000) |
| " This was due to a severe lactic acidosis caused by acute alcohol intoxication and the use of metformin." | 3.70 | [Severe lactic acidosis due to metformin therapy in a patient with contra-indications for metformin]. ( Holman, ND; Houwerzijl, EJ; Snoek, WJ; van Haastert, M, 2000) |
| "The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations in type 2 diabetic patients and to assess whether high tHcy values were related to chronic complications (particularly macroangiopathy and nephropathy) and/or the degree of insulin resistance." | 3.70 | Hyperhomocysteinemia in type 2 diabetes: relationship to macroangiopathy, nephropathy, and insulin resistance. ( Buysschaert, M; Dramais, AS; Hermans, MP; Wallemacq, PE, 2000) |
| "To investigate the role of metformin accumulation in the pathophysiology of metformin-associated lactic acidosis." | 3.69 | Role of metformin accumulation in metformin-associated lactic acidosis. ( Bleichner, G; Chauveau, P; Compagnon, P; de Cagny, B; Dulbecco, P; Guérin, C; Haegy, JM; Lacroix, C; Lalau, JD; Rigaud, JP, 1995) |
| "The metabolic effects and mechanism of action of metformin are still poorly understood, despite the fact that it has been used to treat patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) for more than 30 years." | 3.69 | Metabolic effects of metformin in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. ( Dailey, G; Gerich, JE; Nurjhan, N; Perriello, G; Stumvoll, M, 1995) |
| "To determine the respective role of metformin accumulation and tissue hypoxia in triggering metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA), we measured plasma (PM) and red blood cell (RM) metformin concentrations in 14 patients with MALA and in 58 diabetic patients on well-tolerated chronic metformin treatment." | 3.69 | Metformin-associated lactic acidosis in diabetic patients with acute renal failure. A critical analysis of its pathogenesis and prognosis. ( De Cagny, B; Fournier, A; Lacroix, C; Lalau, JD, 1994) |
| "To determine whether improvement of insulin resistance decreases blood pressure as well as obesity, metformin (100 mg/kg/d) or vehicle was administered for 20 weeks to 12-week-old male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats (n = 10 each), a newly developed animal model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) with mild obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and hypertriglyceridemia." | 3.69 | Metformin decreases blood pressure and obesity in OLETF rats via improvement of insulin resistance. ( Inukai, K; Ishii, J; Kashiwabara, H; Katayama, S; Kikuchi, C; Kosegawa, I; Negishi, K; Oka, Y, 1996) |
| "A 69-year-old diabetic woman with diffuse atherosclerosis presented with acute renal failure due to contrast nephropathy and severe metformin-induced lactic acidosis." | 3.69 | Metformin-induced lactic acidosis associated with acute renal failure. ( Ben-Yehuda, A; Dranitzki-Elhalel, M; Popovtzer, M; Safadi, R, 1996) |
| "Treatment with metformin is occasionally associated with the development of severe lactic acidosis." | 3.69 | Contraindications to metformin therapy in patients with NIDDM. ( Bosman, D; Krentz, AJ; Sulkin, TV, 1997) |
| "A retrospective analysis was conducted to determine the effects of metformin on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body weight, and adverse events in an African-American population." | 3.69 | A retrospective analysis of the efficacy and safety of metformin in the African-American patient. ( Anderson, D; Briscoe, TA; Cooper, GS; Usifo, OS, 1997) |
| "A 71 year old hypertensive, non insulin-dependent diabetic patient with moderate renal insufficiency taking 500 mg/d of metformin and 5 mg/d of enalapril, developed metabolic acidosis characterized by fairly elevated anion gap, hyperchloremia, severe hyperkaliemia, normal plasma level of 3-hydroxybutyric acid, absence of ketonuria and high plasma level of lactic acid." | 3.69 | Possible synergistic effect of metformin and enalapril on the development of hyperkaliemic lactic acidosis. ( Elisabetta, Z; Emanuela, M; Franzetti, I; Marco, G; Paolo, D; Renato, U, 1997) |
| "The effect of metformin on glucose metabolism was examined in eight obese (percent ideal body weight, 151 +/- 9%) and six lean (percent ideal body weight, 104 +/- 4%) noninsulin-dependent diabetic (NIDD) subjects before and after 3 months of metformin treatment (2." | 3.68 | Mechanism of metformin action in obese and lean noninsulin-dependent diabetic subjects. ( Barzilai, N; DeFronzo, RA; Simonson, DC, 1991) |
| "This study investigated the relative effect of obesity alone and in combination with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) on the intracellular processing of insulin and evaluated the effect of metformin therapy on this process." | 3.68 | Improvement with metformin in insulin internalization and processing in monocytes from NIDDM patients. ( Benzi, L; Brunetti, A; Cecchetti, P; Ciccarone, A; Marchetti, P; Navalesi, R; Squatrito, S; Trischitta, V; Vigneri, R, 1990) |
| "Lactic acidosis is an extremely rare but serious complication of treatment with metformin." | 3.68 | [Lactic acidosis associated with metformin]. ( Lebech, M; Olesen, LL, 1990) |
| "A 55 year old diabetic women treated with chlorpropamide and metformin for three years presented with acute oliguric renal failure and lactic acidosis from which she died." | 3.67 | Lactic acidosis due to metformin therapy in a low risk patient. ( Leatherdale, BA; Tymms, DJ, 1988) |
| " There were 42 cases of metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) with 18 deaths (43%); 40 of the MALA cases had documented contra-indications, especially renal impairment, and the remaining two cases were due to drug overdosage, one being a suicide." | 3.67 | Metformin and the sulphonylureas: the comparative risk. ( Campbell, IW, 1985) |
| "Adults with type 2 diabetes (n = 426) taking metformin, and with a glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level between 53 and 91 mmol/mol [7." | 3.30 | A 96-week, double-blind, randomized controlled trial comparing bexagliflozin to glimepiride as an adjunct to metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in adults. ( Conery, AL; Dahl, D; Freeman, MW; Frias, JP; Halvorsen, YD; Lock, JP; Tinahones, FJ, 2023) |
| "DWP+MET displayed increased peak concentration and area under the concentration-time curve from time 0 to time of the last quantifiable concentration compared with DWP (per standard bioequivalence boundaries, 0." | 3.30 | Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between DWP16001, an sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor and metformin in healthy subjects. ( Cho, JM; Huh, KY; Huh, W; Hwang, JG; Jang, IJ; Kim, B; Kim, Y; Lee, S; Nah, J; Yu, KS, 2023) |
| " The PK and pharmacodynamic parameters were analysed by the noncompartmental method." | 3.30 | Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction of DWP16001, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, with gemigliptin and metformin in healthy adults. ( Huh, W; Hwang, JG; Jang, IJ; Jeong, SI; Kim, Y; Lee, S; Nah, JJ, 2023) |
| " Treatment-emergent adverse event incidence was similar across groups (40." | 3.30 | A phase 2a, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-arm, parallel-group study to assess the efficacy, safety, tolerability and pharmacodynamics of PF-06835919 in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes. ( Esler, WP; Khavandi, K; Kim, AM; Lyle, SA; Qiu, R; Saxena, AR; Whitlock, M, 2023) |
| " platensis has a beneficial effect on atherogenic keys (TG and HDL-C) with no adverse events." | 3.30 | A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled add-on trial to assess the efficacy, safety, and anti-atherogenic effect of spirulina platensis in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Abbaspour, M; Armanmehr, F; Azadi, HG; Bazzaz, BSF; Boskabadi, J; Eslami, S; Ghalibaf, AM; Karizi, SR; Taherzadeh, Z; Zahroodi, HS, 2023) |
| "Seventy drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes (mean age, 52." | 3.30 | Effects of Initial Combinations of Gemigliptin Plus Metformin Compared with Glimepiride Plus Metformin on Gut Microbiota and Glucose Regulation in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: The INTESTINE Study. ( Ahn, J; Florez, JC; Lim, S; Nauck, MA; Sohn, M, 2023) |
| " Blood samples were collected from 24 blood collection sites per cycle for pharmacokinetic analysis until 36 hours after oral administration." | 3.30 | Pharmacokinetic and Bioequivalence Studies of 2 Metformin Glibenclamide Tablets in Healthy Chinese Subjects Under Fasting and Fed Conditions. ( Chen, L; Huang, J; Huang, X; Li, X, 2023) |
| "Metformin is a common drug for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, it causes various adverse gastrointestinal effects, especially after prolonged treatment." | 3.30 | Adjunctive Probio-X Treatment Enhances the Therapeutic Effect of a Conventional Drug in Managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Promoting Short-Chain Fatty Acid-Producing Bacteria and Bile Acid Pathways. ( Chen, Y; Kwok, LY; Li, D; Li, Y; Ma, T; Shen, X; Sun, Z; Yu, X; Zhang, H, 2023) |
| "In VERTIS CV, mean duration of type 2 diabetes was 13." | 3.30 | Ertugliflozin Delays Insulin Initiation and Reduces Insulin Dose Requirements in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Analyses From VERTIS CV. ( Cannon, CP; Cherney, DZI; Cosentino, F; Dagogo-Jack, S; Frederich, R; Gantz, I; Liu, J; Masiukiewicz, U; Pratley, RE; Shi, H, 2023) |
| "26 mm Hg) were comparable with those of dapagliflozin, and both drugs were safe and well-tolerated." | 3.30 | Efficacy and Safety of Enavogliflozin versus Dapagliflozin as Add-on to Metformin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A 24-Week, Double-Blind, Randomized Trial. ( Cho, SA; Cho, SI; Chon, S; Han, KA; Hong, EG; Jeong, IK; Kim, DM; Kim, YH; Lee, BW; Nah, JJ; Sohn, TS; Son, JW; Song, HR; Yoon, KH, 2023) |
| "Metformin was associated with a reduced cancer incidence risk (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 0." | 3.30 | Association of metformin, aspirin, and cancer incidence with mortality risk in adults with diabetes. ( Broder, JC; Ernst, ME; Espinoza, S; Gibbs, P; Lockery, JE; Loomans-Kropp, HA; Orchard, SG; Polekhina, G; Wolfe, R; Woods, RL; Zoungas, S, 2023) |
| " The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events was similar between the groups (21." | 3.30 | Efficacy and safety of enavogliflozin versus dapagliflozin added to metformin plus gemigliptin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes: A double-blind, randomized, comparator-active study: ENHANCE-D study. ( Cho, JH; Han, JM; Han, JY; Han, KA; Kang, ES; Kang, JG; Kim, CS; Kim, KS; Kim, MK; Kim, NH; Kim, S; Kim, SH; Kim, SS; Kim, SY; Kim, TH; Kim, TN; Kim, YH; Koh, G; Lee, JH; Lee, KY; Lee, SE; Lim, S; Mok, JO; Nah, JJ; Park, CY; Park, JH; Song, HR; Song, KH; Won, KC, 2023) |
| "In patients with type 2 diabetes who were inadequately controlled with metformin and sulphonylurea, we compared the glucose-lowering efficacy, cardiometabolic parameters and safety of two drugs, ipragliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, and sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor." | 3.30 | Vascular and metabolic effects of ipragliflozin versus sitagliptin (IVS) in type 2 diabetes treated with sulphonylurea and metformin: IVS study. ( Kang, SM; Lim, S; Sohn, M; Yun, HM, 2023) |
| " The primary outcome was composite major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including hospitalization for myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, heart failure, and CV death." | 3.30 | Cardiovascular Safety in Type 2 Diabetes With Sulfonylureas as Second-line Drugs: A Nationwide Population-Based Comparative Safety Study. ( Chalmers, J; Colhoun, H; Collier, A; Cordiner, RLM; Donnelly, L; Gibb, F; Hapca, S; Huang, Y; Kennon, B; MacDonald, T; McCrimmon, RJ; McKeigue, P; McKnight, J; Morales, DR; Pearson, ER; Petrie, J; Sattar, N; Wang, H; Wild, SH, 2023) |
| "Undiagnosed Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been associated with advanced stage cancer at diagnosis, higher mortality, and lower long-term all-cause survival." | 3.30 | A nurse-led intervention in patients with newly diagnosed cancer and Type 2 diabetes: A pilot randomized controlled trial feasibility study. ( Burgos Melendez, JM; Cabassa, JS; Chatzkel, JA; George, TJ; Huggins, S; Jo, A; Legaspi, AB; Markham, MJ; McClaren, MJ; Munoz-Pena, JM; Murphy, MC; Nelson, T; O'Neal, LJ; Rogers, S; Scarton, L; Yao, Y, 2023) |
| "Mean composite kidney disease progression occurred in 135 (10." | 3.30 | Comparative Effects of Glucose-Lowering Medications on Kidney Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes: The GRADE Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Bebu, I; de Boer, IH; Ghosh, A; Inzucchi, SE; Ismail-Beigi, F; McGill, JB; Mudaliar, S; Schade, D; Steffes, MW; Tamborlane, WV; Tan, MH; Wexler, DJ; Younes, N, 2023) |
| "Combined treatment with pioglitazone-metformin can effectively reduce liver fat content and gamma-GT level in newly diagnosed diabetic patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and adverse events do not increase compared with the control group, showing good safety and tolerance." | 3.30 | Effect and Safety of Pioglitazone-Metformin Tablets in the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Shaanxi Province: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Double-Simulated Multicenter Study. ( Jianfang, F; Jianrong, L; Jie, M; Jing, X; Jingxuan, L; Kaiyan, M; Mengying, L; Qian, X; Qingzhen, H; Qiuhe, J; Taixiong, C; Wanxia, X; Wenjuan, Y; Xiling, G, 2023) |
| " A higher proportion of participants in the metformin plus lifestyle intervention group reported adverse events than in the lifestyle intervention alone group, primarily due to more gastrointestinal adverse events." | 3.30 | Safety and effectiveness of metformin plus lifestyle intervention compared with lifestyle intervention alone in preventing progression to diabetes in a Chinese population with impaired glucose regulation: a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled t ( Bai, J; Cheng, W; Dong, L; Du, J; Fang, H; Gong, Q; Hou, F; Ji, L; Kuang, H; Li, G; Li, Q; Li, Y; Lian, X; Liu, Y; Lu, Q; Qi, L; Ren, W; Shen, S; Sun, N; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Wu, D; Yan, S; Yang, Z; Zhang, L; Zhang, Y, 2023) |
| " In addition, pharmacokinetic (PK) and safety comparisons of dapagliflozin and metformin across different regions were conducted to evaluate regional differences." | 3.30 | Pharmacokinetic Variables of Dapagliflozin/Metformin Extended-release Fixed-dose Combination in Healthy Chinese Volunteers and Regional Comparison. ( Boulton, DW; Hui, A; Ning, R; Tang, W; Zhao, X, 2023) |
| " The pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were calculated using a noncompartmental method." | 3.30 | Pharmacokinetic Comparison Between a Fixed-Dose Combination of Empagliflozin L-Proline/Metformin and Empagliflozin/Metformin in Healthy Korean Subjects. ( Chung, JY; Lee, H; Lee, S; Park, SJ; Yu, KS, 2023) |
| "In early type 2 diabetes, the strategy of "induction" with short-term intensive insulin therapy followed by "maintenance" with metformin can stabilize pancreatic beta-cell function in some patients but not others." | 3.30 | Determinants of sustained stabilization of beta-cell function following short-term insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes. ( Emery, A; Gerstein, HC; Harris, SB; Kramer, CK; McInnes, N; Pu, J; Reichert, SM; Retnakaran, R; Zinman, B, 2023) |
| "Non-surgical options for inducing type 2 diabetes remission are limited." | 3.30 | Diabetes remission and relapse following an intensive metabolic intervention combining insulin glargine/lixisenatide, metformin and lifestyle approaches: Results of a randomised controlled trial. ( Azharuddin, M; Gerstein, HC; Hall, S; Harris, SB; Hramiak, I; Liu, YY; Liutkus, JF; Lochnan, HA; McInnes, N; Otto, RE; Punthakee, Z; Sherifali, D; Sigal, RJ; Smith, A; Sultan, F; Yale, JF, 2023) |
| " There was no increased risk of adverse effects with combination therapy, and both combination therapies were generally well tolerated." | 3.30 | A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, phase 3 trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cetagliptin added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes with metformin monotherapy. ( Bai, J; Cheng, Z; Ding, J; Gao, L; Ji, L; Li, J; Li, P; Lu, J; Tian, J; Wang, T; Xie, D; Yan, X; Yu, Q; Zhang, L; Zhao, J, 2023) |
| " Adverse events were similar between the groups, and no serious adverse drug reactions were reported in the evogliptin group." | 3.30 | Efficacy and Safety of Evogliptin Add-on Therapy to Dapagliflozin/Metformin Combinations in Patients with Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A 24-Week Multicenter Randomized Placebo-Controlled Parallel-Design Phase-3 Trial with a 28-Week Extensio ( Chung, CH; Han, KA; Hong, EG; Kim, DJ; Kim, ES; Kim, HJ; Koh, GP; Lee, CB; Moon, JS; Park, CY; Park, IR; Won, JC; Won, KC; Yoon, KH; Yu, JM, 2023) |
| "Pregnant women with gestational diabetes treated with medication." | 3.30 | Metformin in the prevention of type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes in postnatal women (OMAhA): a UK multicentre randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind feasibility trial with nested qualitative study. ( Amaefule, CE; Bolou, A; Dodds, J; Drymoussi, Z; Gonzalez Carreras, FJ; Harden, A; Heighway, J; Hitman, G; Huda, MSB; Lanz, D; Pardo Llorente, MDC; Pérez, T; Pizzo, E; Sanghi, A; Thangaratinam, S; Thomas, A; Zamora, J, 2023) |
| " There were no notable between-group differences in the adverse event profiles through Week 54." | 3.11 | A randomized clinical trial of the efficacy and safety of sitagliptin as initial oral therapy in youth with type 2 diabetes. ( Deeb, A; Engel, SS; Garcia, R; Golm, GT; Jalaludin, MY; Kaufman, KD; Lam, RLH; Newfield, RS; Rosario, CA; Saha, CK; Samoilova, Y; Scherer, LW; Shankar, RR; Shehadeh, N; Zeitler, P; Zhang, Y; Zilli, M, 2022) |
| "Treatment with metformin has been associated with a lower risk of developing diabetes complications, including when used in combination with insulin." | 3.11 | Effects of 18-months metformin versus placebo in combination with three insulin regimens on RNA and DNA oxidation in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A post-hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial. ( Almdal, TP; Boesgaard, TW; Breum, L; Gluud, C; Hedetoft, C; Kjær, LK; Krarup, T; Larsen, EL; Lund, SS; Lundby-Christensen, L; Madsbad, S; Mathiesen, ER; Perrild, H; Poulsen, HE; Sneppen, SB; Tarnow, L; Thorsteinsson, B; Vestergaard, H, 2022) |
| "Among patients with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycemic control despite treatment with insulin glargine, the addition of subcutaneous tirzepatide, compared with placebo, to titrated insulin glargine resulted in statistically significant improvements in glycemic control after 40 weeks." | 3.11 | Effect of Subcutaneous Tirzepatide vs Placebo Added to Titrated Insulin Glargine on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The SURPASS-5 Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Bray, R; Dahl, D; Huh, R; Norwood, P; Onishi, Y; Patel, H; Rodríguez, Á, 2022) |
| " There was no significant difference between the groups in the rate of adverse events (placebo-teneligliptin group, n = 3 [6." | 3.11 | Effectiveness and safety of teneligliptin added to patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by oral triple combination therapy: A multicentre, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study. ( Kim, JH; Lee, BW; Lee, M; Lee, WJ, 2022) |
| " We aimed to examine the effect of metformin on glycemic indices and insulin daily dosage in adolescents with T1DM." | 3.11 | Benefits of metformin add-on insulin therapy (MAIT) for HbA1c and lipid profile in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: preliminary report from a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. ( Alaei, M; Eydian, Z; Fallahzadeh, A; Hajipour, M; Mosallanejad, A; Saneifard, H; Shakiba, M; Sheikhy, A, 2022) |
| "In people with type 2 diabetes on metformin, 26-week treatment with iGlarLixi resulted in a marked improvement in β-cell function concomitant with sparing of endogenous insulin release and a reduction in meal absorption." | 3.11 | Fixed-ratio combination of insulin glargine plus lixisenatide (iGlarLixi) improves ß-cell function in people with type 2 diabetes. ( Dex, T; Ferrannini, E; Mari, A; Niemoeller, E; Servera, S, 2022) |
| "Thirty-six patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy were randomized to receive liraglutide, dapagliflozin, or acarbose treatment for 16 weeks." | 3.11 | Enhancement of Impaired Olfactory Neural Activation and Cognitive Capacity by Liraglutide, but Not Dapagliflozin or Acarbose, in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A 16-Week Randomized Parallel Comparative Study. ( Bi, Y; Cheng, H; Liu, J; Miao, Y; Ni, W; Wang, J; Zhang, B; Zhang, W; Zhang, Z, 2022) |
| "Metformin has favorable effects on cardiovascular outcomes in both newly onset and advanced type 2 diabetes, as previously reported findings from the UK Prospective Diabetes Study and the HOME trial have demonstrated." | 3.11 | Metformin and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I and T trajectories in type 2 diabetes patients: a post-hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial. ( Bekers, O; Kimenai, DM; Kooy, A; Lehert, P; Meex, SJR; Stehouwer, CDA; Stultiens, JMG; Top, WMC, 2022) |
| "iGlarLixi achieved significant HbA1c reductions, to near-normoglycaemic levels, compared with iGlar or Lixi, with no meaningful additional risk of hypoglycaemia and mitigated body weight gain versus iGlar, with fewer gastrointestinal adverse events versus Lixi." | 3.11 | Efficacy and safety benefits of iGlarLixi versus insulin glargine 100 U/mL or lixisenatide in Asian Pacific people with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes on oral agents: The LixiLan-O-AP randomized controlled trial. ( Chen, L; Cheng, Z; Dong, X; Gu, S; Li, Q; Liu, M; Niemoeller, E; Ping, L; Souhami, E; Xiao, J; Yang, W; Yuan, G, 2022) |
| " The study endpoints were mean changes from baseline (CFB) in HbA1c (primary), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), post-prandial plasma glucose (PPG), body weight (BW) and blood pressure (BP) for efficacy and adverse events (AE) monitoring for safety assessments." | 3.11 | Efficacy and Safety of a Fixed Dose Combination of Remogliflozin Etabonate and Vildagliptin in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized, Active-Controlled, Double-Blind, Phase III Study. ( Barkatestrong/Strong, H; Khaladkar, K; Mohan, B; Suryawanshi, S, 2022) |
| "Depression is the most known complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 3.11 | Effect of aerobic exercise as a treatment on type 2 diabetes mellitus with depression-like behavior zebrafish. ( Fang, Y; Gu, X; He, Z; Hu, X; Jin, L; Liu, F; Ma, J; Sun, D; Wang, L; Wu, W; Yang, Q; Zhang, X, 2022) |
| " Dorzagliatin, a dual-acting orally bioavailable glucokinase activator targeting both the pancreas and liver glucokinase, decreases postprandial glucose in patients with T2D." | 3.11 | Dorzagliatin add-on therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. ( An, Z; Chen, D; Chen, L; Dong, S; Dong, X; Fan, K; Fei, X; Feng, B; Gan, S; Gao, J; Guo, X; Hu, W; Jiang, H; Jiang, X; Jiang, Z; Jin, W; Li, C; Li, F; Li, H; Li, P; Li, R; Li, W; Li, X; Li, Y; Li, Z; Liang, Y; Lin, J; Liu, H; Liu, J; Liu, L; Liu, P; Lu, S; Lu, W; Lu, Y; Ma, J; Mao, H; Ning, T; Qiu, W; Qu, S; Shan, Z; Shi, L; Song, W; Su, J; Su, Q; Sun, J; Tan, H; Tan, L; Wang, G; Wang, W; Wang, X; Wu, T; Xue, Y; Yang, T; Yang, W; Yang, Z; Yao, M; Yao, Q; Yao, Y; Ye, S; Yuan, G; Zeng, J; Zhang, H; Zhang, Q; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y; Zhang, Z; Zhao, D; Zhao, W; Zhao, Y; Zhou, Z; Zhu, D, 2022) |
| " Overall treatment-emergent adverse events (including weight gain, oedema and hypoglycaemia) occurred more frequently in the standard-dose group." | 3.11 | A double-blind, Randomized controlled trial on glucose-lowering EFfects and safety of adding 0.25 or 0.5 mg lobeglitazone in type 2 diabetes patients with INadequate control on metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor therapy: REFIND study. ( Bae, JC; Han, JM; Kim, ES; Kim, IJ; Kim, MK; Kim, SS; Kim, YI; Koh, G; Kwon, MJ; Kwon, SK; Lee, CW; Nam-Goong, IS; Park, JH; Ryang, S; Yoo, S, 2022) |
| "The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing among youths." | 3.11 | Once-Weekly Dulaglutide for the Treatment of Youths with Type 2 Diabetes. ( Arslanian, SA; Barrientos-Pérez, M; Bismuth, E; Boucher-Berry, C; Chao, LC; Cho, JI; Cox, D; Dib, S; Hannon, T; Zeitler, P, 2022) |
| " Consistent with the GLP-1 RA class, gastrointestinal adverse events were most commonly reported; these were generally transient and mild/moderate in severity." | 3.11 | Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Efpeglenatide Monotherapy Versus Placebo in Type 2 Diabetes: The AMPLITUDE-M Randomized Controlled Trial. ( Baek, S; Choi, J; Frias, JP; Muehlen-Bartmer, I; Niemoeller, E; Popescu, L; Rosenstock, J, 2022) |
| "Approved treatments for type 2 diabetes in pediatric patients include metformin, liraglutide, and insulin." | 3.11 | Once-Weekly Exenatide in Youth With Type 2 Diabetes. ( Al-Abdulrazzaq, D; Bishai, R; Carter, D; Doehring, O; Geller, D; Karoly, E; Monyak, J; Shehadeh, N; Sjöström, CD; Tamborlane, WV; Troja, T; Vazquez, EM, 2022) |
| " The overall frequency of adverse events was similar between the two groups." | 3.11 | Efficacy and safety of DBPR108 (prusogliptin) as an add-on to metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: A 24-week, multi-centre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, superiority, phase III clinical trial. ( Geng, J; Huang, Y; Ling, H; Niu, H; Xiao, X; Xie, Y; Xu, J; Yuan, J; Zhang, T; Zheng, H, 2022) |
| "This phase 3 confirmatory diabetes mellitus treatment study compared the safety and efficacy of Rapilin and NovoRapid insulin asparts in combination with metformin." | 3.11 | Comparative efficacy and safety of two insulin aspart formulations (Rapilin and NovoRapid) when combined with metformin, for patients with diabetes mellitus: a multicenter, randomized, open-label, controlled clinical trial. ( Guo, X; Han, P; Li, Q; Lu, J; Lv, X; Mo, Z; Peng, Y; Shi, Y; Sun, L; Wang, D; Wang, W; Wang, Z; Xue, Y; Yan, D; Yang, T; Yang, W; Yao, J; Yu, X; Zhang, F; Zhang, L; Zhang, X; Zhu, L, 2022) |
| "To evaluate the effect of metformin combined with intensive-exercise diet therapy on glucose and lipid metabolism and islet function in diabetes patients with localized renal cell carcinoma after laparoscopic resection." | 3.11 | A Randomized Study on the Effect of Metformin Combined with Intensive-Exercise Diet Therapy on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism and Islet Function in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma and Diabetes. ( An, RH; Jin, YS; Li, JW; Liu, Y; Meng, LL, 2022) |
| "In participants with type 2 diabetes, the incidences of microvascular complications and death were not materially different among the four treatment groups." | 3.11 | Glycemia Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes - Microvascular and Cardiovascular Outcomes. ( Bebu, I; Burch, HB; Buse, JB; Cherrington, AL; Fortmann, SP; Green, JB; Kahn, SE; Kirkman, MS; Krause-Steinrauf, H; Lachin, JM; Larkin, ME; Nathan, DM; Phillips, LS; Pop-Busui, R; Steffes, M; Tiktin, M; Tripputi, M; Wexler, DJ; Younes, N, 2022) |
| "Imeglimin is a novel anti-hyperglycemic drug that improves both insulin resistance and insulin secretion." | 3.11 | Add-on imeglimin versus metformin dose escalation regarding glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor plus low-dose metformin: study protocol for a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, p ( Atsumi, T; Cho, KY; Kameda, H; Kurihara, H; Miya, A; Miyoshi, H; Nagai, S; Nakamura, A; Nomoto, H; Takahashi, A; Takeuchi, J; Taneda, S, 2022) |
| "A total of 40 obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in our hospital from July 2019 to June 2020 were randomly divided into a control group and a study group." | 3.11 | Effect of polyethylene Glycol Loxenatide (long-acting GLP-1RA) on lipid, glucose levels and weight in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with obesity. ( Chen, FW; Chen, JX; Hou, DC; Hou, KJ; Li, CP; Li, XY; Wu, ZZ; Zhang, CY; Zhang, S; Zheng, CY; Zhu, D, 2022) |
| "Gastrointestinal discomfort is the most common adverse event in metformin treatment for type 2 diabetes." | 3.11 | Gut microbiota is correlated with gastrointestinal adverse events of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Bao, Z; Huang, Y; Ji, X; Jiang, C; Lou, X; Sun, J; Tao, X, 2022) |
| "The renal hemodynamics profile of such combination therapies has not been evaluated in detail." | 3.01 | Renal hemodynamic effects differ between antidiabetic combination strategies: randomized controlled clinical trial comparing empagliflozin/linagliptin with metformin/insulin glargine. ( Bosch, A; Bramlage, P; Jung, S; Kannenkeril, D; Kolwelter, J; Korn, M; Ott, C; Schiffer, M; Schmieder, RE; Striepe, K, 2021) |
| " Also, the overall incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and the incidence of ADR of the gastrointestinal system observed in patients of these two groups were also compared." | 3.01 | Comparison of Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Metformin Sustained-Release Tablet (II) (Dulening) and Metformin Tablet (Glucophage) in Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Chen, L; Chen, Q; Duan, BH; Guo, J; Guo, LX; Lei, MX; Li, QZ; Liu, GE; Tan, WS; Wang, DZ; Wang, HF; Wang, K; Xie, PF; Yang, J; Zhang, Q; Zheng, XL; Zhu, W, 2021) |
| "In people with type 2 diabetes, GLP-1 RAs reduce the risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease and may also potentially represent a treatment for fatty liver disease." | 3.01 | Pharmacometabolomic profiles in type 2 diabetic subjects treated with liraglutide or glimepiride. ( Hyötyläinen, T; Jendle, J; Nyström, T; Orešič, M, 2021) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the most globally common chronic diseases." | 3.01 | Metformin-Induced Vitamin B12 Deficiency among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus' Patients: A Systematic Review. ( Abuzaid, O; Al-Sheikh, R; Albannawi, M; Alhajjmohammed, D; Alkubaish, Z; Althani, R; Altheeb, L; Altuwajiry, H; Ayoub, H; Khattab, R; Mutwalli, H; Purayidathil, T, 2023) |
| "Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic drug, the first option used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus due to its high efficacy and low cost." | 3.01 | Recent Insights of Metformin on Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). ( Chen, D; Jiang, S; Wang, K; Zhang, K; Zhang, X, 2023) |
| " The heterogeneity across the studies, baseline characteristics of the included patients, shortage of dosage and the duration of antidiabetic drugs and autonomy of drug selection might limit the objectivity and accuracy of results." | 3.01 | Effect of Antidiabetic Therapy on Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ( Fang, X; Jia, H; Lin, H; Ma, X; Qi, L; Wang, L; Weng, L; Zhan, K, 2023) |
| "Metformin is a widely used drug in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 3.01 | Metformin: A Promising Antidiabetic Medication for Cancer Treatment. ( Feng, Y; Jiang, Y; Liang, G; Mu, W; Qu, F, 2023) |
| "Metformin is a biguanide, widely used as a first‑line oral drug in treating type 2 diabetes." | 3.01 | Research progress on the therapeutic effect and mechanism of metformin for lung cancer (Review). ( Han, P; Liu, Q; Sun, K; Xiang, J; Zhou, J, 2023) |
| "Metformin has been a long-standing prescribed drug for treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its beneficial effects on virus infection, autoimmune diseases, aging and cancers are also recognized." | 3.01 | Metformin and Its Immune-Mediated Effects in Various Diseases. ( Nojima, I; Wada, J, 2023) |
| "Metformin is an established staple drug in the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 3.01 | A systematic review of the uses of metformin in dermatology. ( Al-Niaimi, F; Ali, FR; Raza, S, 2023) |
| "Cognizant of the burden of type 1 diabetes, the recommendations also highlight the importance of research to advance our understanding of the etiology of and opportunities for prevention of type 1 diabetes." | 3.01 | The National Clinical Care Commission Report to Congress: Leveraging Federal Policies and Programs to Prevent Diabetes in People With Prediabetes. ( Boltri, JM; Fukagawa, N; Herman, WH; Idzik, S; Leake, E; Powell, C; Schumacher, P; Shell, D; Strogatz, D; Tracer, H; Wu, S, 2023) |
| "Stroke and cardiovascular diseases are major causes of death and disability, especially among diabetic patients." | 3.01 | Can metformin use reduce the risk of stroke in diabetic patients? A systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Forouzannia, SA; Gholamzadeh, R; Hosseini, M; Jabermoradi, S; Paridari, P; Roshdi Dizaji, S; Vazifekhah, S; Vazirizadeh-Mahabadi, M; Yousefifard, M, 2023) |
| "Metformin has been used clinically for more than 60 years." | 3.01 | The function, mechanisms, and clinical applications of metformin: potential drug, unlimited potentials. ( Deng, D; Liu, J; Zhang, M; Zhu, X, 2023) |
| "The ability to prevent or delay type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by modifying some of its risk factors has been hypothesized for decades." | 3.01 | Pharmacological approaches to the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Edem, D; Hamdy, O; Lozada Orquera, FA; Majety, P, 2023) |
| "Metformin is a biguanide antihyperglycemic agent used as a first-line drug for type II diabetes mellitus." | 3.01 | Metformin and HER2-positive breast cancer: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. ( Bashraheel, SS; Khalaf, S; Kheraldine, H; Moustafa, AA, 2023) |
| "While type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the risk of cardiac complications, diabetes treatment choices may increase or decrease the rates of cardiac events." | 3.01 | Treatment of type 2 diabetes patients with heart conditions. ( Aktas, G; Atak Tel, BM; Balci, B; Tel, R, 2023) |
| "As the pathophysiologic mechanisms of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are discovered, there is a switch from glucocentric to a more comprehensive, patient-centered management." | 3.01 | The Effects of Cardioprotective Antidiabetic Therapy on Microbiota in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-A Systematic Review. ( Bica, IC; Diaconu, CT; Fierbinteanu Braticevici, C; Pantea Stoian, A; Pietroșel, VA; Salmen, T; Stoica, RA; Suceveanu, AI, 2023) |
| "Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two of the most common age-related diseases." | 3.01 | Crosstalk between Alzheimer's disease and diabetes: a focus on anti-diabetic drugs. ( Fana, SE; Goodarzi, G; Maniati, M; Meshkani, R; Moradi-Sardareh, H; Panahi, G; Tehrani, SS, 2023) |
| "Metformin is a well-known anti-diabetic drug that has been repurposed for several emerging applications, including as an anti-cancer agent." | 3.01 | Metformin and cancer hallmarks: shedding new lights on therapeutic repurposing. ( Ge, S; Hua, Y; Jia, R; Yao, Y; Zheng, Y; Zhuang, A, 2023) |
| "Metformin also plays an important role in the treatment of hematologic tumors, especially in leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma (MM)." | 3.01 | Repurposing Metformin in hematologic tumor: State of art. ( Chen, Y; Hu, M; Jing, L; Ma, T, 2023) |
| "Metformin has been designated as one of the most crucial first-line therapeutic agents in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 3.01 | Metformin: A Review of Potential Mechanism and Therapeutic Utility Beyond Diabetes. ( Bansal, S; Dutta, S; Dutta, SB; Haque, M; Shah, RB; Singhal, S; Sinha, S, 2023) |
| "Metformin has been used for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus for decades due to its safety, low cost, and outstanding hypoglycemic effect clinically." | 3.01 | The development and benefits of metformin in various diseases. ( Dong, Y; Jiang, H; Li, J; Li, W; Mi, T; Peng, C; Qi, Y; Zang, Y; Zhang, Y; Zhou, Y, 2023) |
| "Basal insulin treatment for type 2 diabetes is usually initiated on a background of oral glucose-lowering medications (OGLM)." | 3.01 | Impact of concomitant oral glucose-lowering medications on the success of basal insulin titration in insulin-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic analysis. ( Abd El Aziz, M; Nauck, MA; Wollenhaupt, D; Wolters, J, 2023) |
| "Drugs currently used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus may have mechanisms of action that are relevant to the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia, for those with type 2 diabetes and those without diabetes." | 3.01 | Repurposing Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus as Potential Pharmacological Treatments for Sarcopenia - A Narrative Review. ( Granic, A; Pearson, E; Robinson, SM; Sayer, AA; Witham, MD, 2023) |
| "Information on controlled trials was retrieved from four databases to obtain the effects of different doses of canagliflozin combined with metformin for treating T2DM." | 3.01 | Clinical Efficacy of Different Doses of Canagliflozin Combined with Metformin in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: Meta-Analysis. ( Li, G; Ni, J; Wang, S; Zhang, D, 2023) |
| " There was no significant difference in the rate of adverse events for tirzepatide 15 mg, oral-semaglutide 14 mg, and semaglutide 1." | 3.01 | Comparison of the efficacy and safety of 10 glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. ( Chen, J; Gu, H; Hu, J; Li, M; Xie, Z, 2023) |
| "Metformin is a safe and effective medication for Type 2 diabetes (T2D) that has been proposed to decrease the risk of aging related disorders including Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and AD related disorders (ADRD)." | 3.01 | Metformin in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias. ( Luchsinger, JA; Tahmi, M, 2023) |
| " People who received PEX168 alone or with metformin showed more common gastrointestinal adverse effects, especially nausea and vomiting (p < 0." | 3.01 | Efficacy and safety of polyethylene glycol loxenatide in type 2 diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ( Abd-Elgawad, M; Abdelhaleem, IA; Abo-Elnour, DE; Abualkhair, KA; Elsayed, E; Hasan, MT; Mahmoud, A; Marey, A; Salamah, HM, 2023) |
| "Recent studies show that Alzheimer's disease (AD) has many common links with conditions associated with insulin resistance, including neuroinflammation, impaired insulin signaling, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic syndrome." | 3.01 | [The role of antidiabetic drugs in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: systematic review]. ( Abramov, MA; Baislamov, AS; Chernousova, LM; Ishmuratova, AN; Ivanyuta, MV; Kitapova, AI; Kuznetsov, KO; Kuznetsova, AY; Mirgaliev, AA; Orozberdiev, ST; Shaihetdinova, AR; Shakirova, ZF; Usmonov, MD; Valeeva, LI; Yakupova, KI, 2023) |
| "Hydroxychloroquine was associated with significant reduction in HbA1c from baseline (7-8." | 3.01 | Efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine as add-on therapy in uncontrolled type 2 diabetes patients who were using two oral antidiabetic drugs. ( Chakravarti, HN; Nag, A, 2021) |
| "There were no adverse effects on bone or muscle when sitagliptin was used in combination with either ipragliflozin or metformin." | 3.01 | Effects of ipragliflozin versus metformin in combination with sitagliptin on bone and muscle in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Subanalysis of a prospective, randomized, controlled study (PRIME-V study). ( Baba, Y; Hashimoto, N; Hattori, A; Horikoshi, T; Ide, K; Ide, S; Ishibashi, R; Ishikawa, K; Ishikawa, T; Kitamoto, T; Kobayashi, A; Kobayashi, K; Koshizaka, M; Maezawa, Y; Nagashima, K; Nakamura, S; Newby, LK; Ogino, J; Ohara, E; Onishi, S; Sakamoto, K; Sato, Y; Shimada, F; Shimofusa, R; Shoji, M; Takahashi, S; Takemoto, M; Tokuyama, H; Uchida, D; Yamaga, M; Yokoh, H; Yokote, K, 2021) |
| "Metformin was found to reduce elevated, but not normal, thyrotropin and prolactin levels." | 3.01 | Plasma gonadotropin levels in metformin-treated men with prediabetes: a non-randomized, uncontrolled pilot study. ( Bednarska-Czerwińska, A; Krysiak, R; Okopień, B; Szkróbka, W, 2021) |
| "Both exercise and metformin are used to control blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), while no previous studies have investigated the effect of resistance exercise combined with metformin versus aerobic exercise with metformin in T2DM patients." | 3.01 | Resistance Exercise Versus Aerobic Exercise Combined with Metformin Therapy in the Treatment of type 2 Diabetes: A 12-Week Comparative Clinical Study. ( Abdelbasset, WK, 2021) |
| "A total of 50 patients with NAFLD and T2DM treated with metformin were randomized (1:1) to metformin plus add-on linagliptin (linagliptin group) or to an increased dose of metformin (metformin group) for 52 weeks." | 3.01 | Metformin dose increase versus added linagliptin in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes: An analysis of the J-LINK study. ( Hashiguchi, Y; Hosoyamada, K; Imamura, N; Kajiya, S; Kamada, T; Komorizono, Y; Koriyama, N; Shinmaki, H; Tsukasa, M; Ueyama, N, 2021) |
| "The Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) trial demonstrated that glycemic failure rates were significantly lower in youth randomized to metformin plus rosiglitazone treatment than in youth randomized to metformin alone or metformin plus intensive lifestyle intervention." | 3.01 | Postintervention Effects of Varying Treatment Arms on Glycemic Failure and β-Cell Function in the TODAY Trial. ( , 2021) |
| "Frailty was classified using Fried Frailty Phenotype criteria." | 3.01 | Association of Intensive Lifestyle and Metformin Interventions With Frailty in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. ( Bray, GA; Crandall, JP; Florez, H; Golden, SH; Hazuda, HP; Kriska, AM; Luchsinger, JA; Pan, Q; Venditti, EM, 2021) |
| "Thirty patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized to weekly EXE and daily DAPA (n = 16) or weekly PLAC and daily DAPA (n = 14)." | 3.01 | Combined exenatide and dapagliflozin has no additive effects on reduction of hepatocellular lipids despite better glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin: EXENDA, a 24-week, prospective, randomized, placebo-contr ( Bastian, M; Brath, H; Harreiter, J; Just, I; Kautzky-Willer, A; Klepochova, R; Krššák, M; Leutner, M; Schelkshorn, C, 2021) |
| "Metformin treatment had a small but positive effect on bone quality in the peripheral skeleton, reduced weight gain, and resulted in a more beneficial body composition compared with placebo in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes." | 3.01 | Effect of metformin and insulin vs. placebo and insulin on whole body composition in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. ( Almdal, TP; Boesgaard, TW; Breum, L; Eiken, P; Gade-Rasmussen, B; Gluud, C; Hemmingsen, B; Lund, SS; Lundby-Christensen, L; Madsbad, S; Mathiesen, ER; Nordklint, AK; Perrild, H; Sneppen, SB; Tarnow, L; Thorsteinsson, B; Vestergaard, H; Vestergaard, P, 2021) |
| "A total of 771 men died of prostate cancer during the follow-up." | 3.01 | Antidiabetic Drugs and Prostate Cancer Prognosis in a Finnish Population-Based Cohort. ( Auvinen, A; Lahtela, J; Murtola, TJ; Raittinen, P; Taari, K; Talala, K; Tammela, TLJ; Vihervuori, VJ, 2021) |
| " The physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model developed in this study is based on humans' known physiological parameters (blood flow, tissue volume, and others)." | 3.01 | Physiologically based metformin pharmacokinetics model of mice and scale-up to humans for the estimation of concentrations in various tissues. ( Klovins, J; Komasilovs, V; Kurlovics, J; Stalidzans, E; Zaharenko, L; Zake, DM, 2021) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes often have an elevated plasma level of N-terminal pro B-type as a marker of (sub) clinical cardiovascular disease." | 3.01 | Metformin and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide in type 2 diabetes patients, a post-hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial. ( Kooy, A; Lehert, P; Schalkwijk, CG; Stehouwer, CDA; Top, WMC, 2021) |
| "After a 12-week premixed human insulin 70/30 dosage optimization period, 200 patients with HbA1c of 7." | 3.01 | Exenatide Twice Daily Plus Glargine Versus Aspart 70/30 Twice Daily in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes With Inadequate Glycemic Control on Premixed Human Insulin and Metformin. ( Chen, X; Duan, Y; He, W; Hu, J; Hu, S; Li, W; Liao, Y; Lin, M; Liu, L; Liu, P; Liu, Z; Ma, J; Shao, S; Shen, L; Xu, Y; Xue, Y; Yin, P; Yu, X; Zeng, J; Zeng, Z; Zhang, J; Zhao, S; Zhao, T, 2021) |
| "Patients with schizophrenia have exceedingly high rates of metabolic comorbidity including type 2 diabetes and lose 15-20 years of life due to cardiovascular diseases, with early accrual of cardiometabolic disease." | 3.01 | Metformin for early comorbid glucose dysregulation and schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a pilot double-blind randomized clinical trial. ( Agarwal, SM; Caravaggio, F; Chintoh, AF; Costa-Dookhan, KA; Graff-Guerrero, A; Hahn, MK; Hashim, E; Kirpalani, A; Kramer, CK; Leung, G; MacKenzie, NE; Matheson, K; Panda, R; Remington, GJ; Treen, QC; Voineskos, AN, 2021) |
| "Metformin is a major treatment for type 2 diabetes." | 3.01 | Effects of vancomycin-induced gut microbiome alteration on the pharmacodynamics of metformin in healthy male subjects. ( Cho, JY; Chung, JY; Ji, SC; Kim, AH; Kim, E; Lee, Y; Yu, KS, 2021) |
| " In Trial 843, the incidences of adverse events (AEs) overall and prespecified AEs of clinical interest (symptomatic hypoglycaemia, urinary tract infection, genital infection, hypovolaemia, and polyuria/pollakiuria) were similar between groups." | 3.01 | Efficacy and safety of ipragliflozin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycaemic control on sitagliptin. ( Engel, SS; Kadowaki, T; Kaku, K; Kaufman, KD; O'Neill, EA; Okamoto, T; Sato, A; Seino, Y; Shirakawa, M, 2021) |
| " There were no severe or serious adverse events (SAEs) and no increase in lactic acid concentration was reported during the study." | 3.01 | Assessment of safety and tolerability of remogliflozin etabonate (GSK189075) when administered with total daily dose of 2000 mg of metformin. ( Andrews, S; Cheatham, B; Dobbins, R; Hanmant, B; Hussey, EK; O'Connor-Semmes, R; Sagar, K; Tao, W; Wilkison, WO, 2021) |
| "In patients with type 2 diabetes, tirzepatide was noninferior and superior to semaglutide with respect to the mean change in the glycated hemoglobin level from baseline to 40 weeks." | 3.01 | Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide Once Weekly in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. ( Bergman, BK; Brown, K; Cui, X; Davies, MJ; Fernández Landó, L; Frías, JP; Liu, B; Pérez Manghi, FC; Rosenstock, J, 2021) |
| "We aimed to investigate the effect of dosage reduction of four hypoglycemic multidrug regimens on the incidences of acute glycemic complications in people with type 2 diabetes who fast during Ramaḍān." | 3.01 | Effect of Dosage Reduction of Hypoglycemic Multidrug Regimens on the Incidences of Acute Glycemic Complications in People With Type 2 Diabetes Who Fast During Ramaḍān: A Randomized Controlled Trial. ( Amarin, JZ; Beirat, AF; Hasan, YY; Hassoun Al Najar, AM; Qtaishat, A; Tierney, ME; Zaghlol, LY; Zaghlol, RY; Zayed, AA, 2021) |
| " The incidence of overall adverse events and the number of hypoglycaemic adverse events were similar between the study groups." | 2.94 | Efficacy and safety of gemigliptin as add-on therapy to insulin, with or without metformin, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (ZEUS II study). ( Benjachareonwong, S; Chamnan, P; Cho, YM; Choi, S; Deerochanawong, C; Kang, ES; Kim, S; Kosachunhanun, N; Kwon, S; Lee, MK; Lee, WJ; Oh, T; Pratipanawatr, T; Sattanon, S; Seekaew, S; Sirirak, T; Suraamornkul, S; Suwanwalaikorn, S, 2020) |
| "Therefore, we compared the renal hemodynamic effects of dapagliflozin with gliclazide in type 2 diabetes." | 2.94 | The renal hemodynamic effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin are caused by post-glomerular vasodilatation rather than pre-glomerular vasoconstriction in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes in the randomized, double-blind RED trial. ( Bozovic, A; Danser, AHJ; Emanuel, AL; Geurts, F; Hoorn, EJ; Joles, JA; Kramer, MHH; Larsen, EL; Muskiet, MHA; Nieuwdorp, M; Poulsen, HE; Smits, MM; Tonneijck, L; Touw, DJ; van Baar, MJB; van Bommel, EJM; van Raalte, DH, 2020) |
| "Thirty-two subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled and grouped as intervention (n=16) and control (n=16)." | 2.94 | Short-Term Effect of Hypergastrinemia Following Esomeprazole Treatment On Well-Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Study. ( Bozkuş, Y; Demir, CÇ; İyidir, ÖT; Kırnap, N; Mousa, U; Nar, A; Tütüncü, NB, 2020) |
| "The saroglitazar treatment significantly improved postprandial TGs in people with diabetic dyslipidemia." | 2.94 | Abrogation of postprandial triglyceridemia with dual PPAR α/γ agonist in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. ( Bhatt, J; Dunbar, RL; Parmar, DV; Parmar, K; Rastogi, A; Thacker, HP, 2020) |
| "In treatment options for type 2 diabetes in adolescents and youth (TODAY), 4." | 2.94 | Beta cell function and insulin sensitivity in obese youth with maturity onset diabetes of youth mutations vs type 2 diabetes in TODAY: Longitudinal observations and glycemic failure. ( Arslanian, S; Chan, CL; Chernausek, SD; El Ghormli, L; Gandica, RG; Gubitosi-Klug, R; Haymond, MH; Levitsky, LL; Siska, M; Willi, SM, 2020) |
| "Men and women with type 2 diabetes treated with lifestyle modification ± metformin were included." | 2.94 | Diet-induced weight loss alters hepatic glucocorticoid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Andrew, R; Olsson, T; Otten, J; Ryberg, M; Stomby, A; Walker, BR, 2020) |
| " The safety profile was consistent with GLP-1RAs, with gastrointestinal (GI) disorders being the most common treatment-emergent adverse events." | 2.94 | Efficacy and safety of once-monthly efpeglenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes: Results of a phase 2 placebo-controlled, 16-week randomized dose-finding study. ( Del Prato, S; Derwahl, M; Kang, J; Sorli, CH; Soto, A; Stewart, J; Trautmann, ME; Yoon, KH, 2020) |
| "Given the current lack of clinical data, this study will provide evidence supporting safe and effective glycemic control using basal insulin glargine-based therapy plus OADs compared with twice-daily premixed insulin in Chinese patients with T2DM after short-term IIT." | 2.94 | Efficacy and Safety of Basal Insulin-Based Treatment Versus Twice-Daily Premixed Insulin After Short-Term Intensive Insulin Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in China: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (BEYOND V). ( Cui, N; Guo, L; Jiang, X; Liu, J; Mu, Y; Wang, G; Xu, B; Zhang, X, 2020) |
| " The incidence of adverse events, including the incidence of hypoglycemia (18." | 2.94 | Efficacy and safety of generic exenatide injection in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: a multicenter, randomized, controlled, non-inferiority trial. ( Gao, Y; Guo, L; Hong, T; Li, Q; Tian, Q; Xiao, W; Yang, J; Zhong, L, 2020) |
| " The efficacy end-point was change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in each stage, and the safety end-point was adverse events with a focus on hypoglycemia." | 2.94 | Efficacy and safety of metformin and sitagliptin-based dual and triple therapy in elderly Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: Subgroup analysis of STRATEGY study. ( Chen, G; Engel, SS; Ji, Q; Liu, S; Liu, X; Wang, L; Weng, J; Xing, Y; Xu, W; Yao, B; Zeng, L; Zhang, R; Zhang, Y, 2020) |
| "Older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have an increased risk of bone fracture independent of their bone mineral density (BMD), which is explained mainly by the deteriorated bone quality in T2DM compared to that in non-diabetic adults." | 2.94 | The effect of luseogliflozin on bone microarchitecture in older patients with type 2 diabetes: study protocol for a randomized controlled pilot trial using second-generation, high-resolution, peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). ( Abiru, N; Chiba, K; Haraguchi, A; Horie, I; Ito, A; Kawakami, A; Kawazoe, Y; Miyamoto, J; Morimoto, S; Osaki, M; Sato, S; Shigeno, R; Tashiro, S; Yamamoto, H, 2020) |
| " A post hoc sub-study analysis of an 18-month multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), randomizing participants to metformin versus placebo both in combination with different insulin analogue regimens (Metformin + Insulin vs." | 2.94 | Effect of Metformin vs. Placebo in Combination with Insulin Analogues on Bone Markers P1NP and CTX in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Almdal, TP; Boesgaard, TW; Breum, L; Eiken, P; Gade-Rasmussen, B; Gluud, C; Hemmingsen, B; Jørgensen, NR; Krarup, T; Lund, SS; Lundby-Christensen, L; Madsbad, S; Mathiesen, ER; Nordklint, AK; Perrild, H; Sneppen, SB; Tarnow, L; Thorsteinsson, B; Vestergaard, H; Vestergaard, P, 2020) |
| "The Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescent and Youth study, a randomized clinical trial of three treatments for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in youth, demonstrated treatment failure (defined as sustained HbA1c ≥8%, or inability to wean insulin after 3 months after acute metabolic decomposition) in over half of the participants." | 2.94 | Circulating adhesion molecules and associations with HbA1c, hypertension, nephropathy, and retinopathy in the Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescent and Youth study. ( Bacha, F; Braffett, BH; Gidding, SS; Gubitosi-Klug, RA; Levitt Katz, LE; Shah, AS; Shah, RD; Tryggestad, JB; Urbina, EM, 2020) |
| " No treatment-emergent serious adverse events occurred." | 2.94 | Efficacy and safety of polyethylene glycol loxenatide as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: A multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3b trial. ( Bao, Y; Gao, F; Jia, W; Li, Q; Liu, W; Lv, X; Ma, J; Mo, Z; Yang, G; Zhang, Q; Zhou, J, 2020) |
| "A total of 60 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes will be randomly divided into treatment group and control group, 30 cases in each group." | 2.94 | The effect of Sancai powder on glycemic variability of type 2 diabetes in the elderly: A randomized controlled trial. ( Chen, Q; Gao, Y; Han, X; Sun, L; Yu, W; Zeng, M; Zhang, L; Zhou, D, 2020) |
| "Metformin treatment did not affect VDT group difference - 0." | 2.94 | Metformin may adversely affect orthostatic blood pressure recovery in patients with type 2 diabetes: substudy from the placebo-controlled Copenhagen Insulin and Metformin Therapy (CIMT) trial. ( Almdal, T; Carstensen, B; Gluud, C; Hansen, CS; Hedetoft, C; Hemmingsen, B; Jørgensen, ME; Krarup, T; Lund, SS; Lundby-Christiansen, L; Madsbad, S; Sneppen, SB; Tarnow, L; Thorsteinsson, B; Wiinberg, N, 2020) |
| "Metformin adherence was assessed by pill counts." | 2.94 | Long-term metformin adherence in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. ( Dagogo-Jack, S; Edelstein, SL; Gonzalez, JS; Matulik, MJ; Montez, MG; Tadros, S; Tripputi, MT; Walker, EA, 2020) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus is closely related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)." | 2.94 | Liraglutide or insulin glargine treatments improves hepatic fat in obese patients with type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in twenty-six weeks: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. ( Guo, W; Lin, L; Tian, W; Xu, X, 2020) |
| "Twenty-four patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in a prospective, single-center, randomized, open-label study and were randomly allocated to 4 weeks of treatment with metformin (1000 mg/day) or anagliptin (200 mg/day)." | 2.90 | Effects of anagliptin on plasma glucagon levels and gastric emptying in patients with type 2 diabetes: An exploratory randomized controlled trial versus metformin. ( Hamajima, H; Inoue, E; Mieno, E; Miyachi, A; Nagai, Y; Nakagawa, T; Takahashi, M; Tanaka, Y; Yamamoto, Y, 2019) |
| "Eighteen OSAHS patients with T2DM, who were treated with dapagliflozin and metformin, were assigned as the dapagliflozin group." | 2.90 | Effect of dapagliflozin on obstructive sleep apnea in patients with type 2 diabetes: a preliminary study. ( Bai, XY; Sun, Q; Tang, Y; Zhang, M; Zhou, QL; Zhou, YF, 2019) |
| " Gastrointestinal adverse events, including diarrhoea and nausea, were the most frequently reported for patients taking dulaglutide." | 2.90 | Efficacy and safety of once-weekly dulaglutide versus insulin glargine in mainly Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on metformin and/or a sulphonylurea: A 52-week open-label, randomized phase III trial. ( Filippova, E; Gu, L; Li, P; Nevárez, L; Song, KH; Tao, B; Wang, F; Wang, W; Yang, J, 2019) |
| "Twenty-six patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized to a 12 week of high intensity interval training (3 sessions/week) or standard care control group." | 2.90 | High intensity interval training protects the heart during increased metabolic demand in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial. ( Cassidy, S; Grbovic, M; Jakovljevic, DG; MacGowan, GG; Ninkovic, V; Okwose, N; Popovic, D; Suryanegara, J; Trenell, MI, 2019) |
| " Adverse events overall and changes from baseline in body weight were similar between the two treatment groups." | 2.90 | Double-blind, randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy and safety of continuing or discontinuing the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin when initiating insulin glargine therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: The CompoSIT-I Study. ( Darmiento, C; Duran-García, S; Engel, SS; Gantz, I; Golm, GT; Kaufman, KD; Lam, RLH; O'Neill, EA; Roussel, R; Shah, S; Shankar, RR; Zhang, Y, 2019) |
| " The metformin group will begin dosing at 250 mg/day, increasing to a maximum of 1,000 mg/day." | 2.90 | Hospital-Based Korean Diabetes Prevention Study: A Prospective, Multi-Center, Randomized, Open-Label Controlled Study. ( Ahn, KJ; Chon, S; Rhee, SY; Woo, JT, 2019) |
| "insulin aspart in people with Type 2 diabetes receiving high doses of bolus insulin." | 2.90 | Mealtime fast-acting insulin aspart versus insulin aspart for controlling postprandial hyperglycaemia in people with insulin-resistant Type 2 diabetes. ( Bode, BW; Bowering, K; Harvey, J; Kolaczynski, JW; Snyder, JW, 2019) |
| " DAPA plus SAXA was generally well tolerated and the incidence of adverse events was similar in both treatment arms." | 2.90 | Sustained 52-week efficacy and safety of triple therapy with dapagliflozin plus saxagliptin versus dual therapy with sitagliptin added to metformin in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. ( Del Prato, S; Garcia-Sanchez, R; Handelsman, Y; Iqbal, N; Johnsson, E; Kurlyandskaya, R; Mathieu, C; Rosenstock, J, 2019) |
| "Vogmet is a safe antihyperglycemic agent that controls blood glucose level effectively, yields weight loss, and is superior to metformin in terms of various key glycemic parameters without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia." | 2.90 | Efficacy and Safety of Voglibose Plus Metformin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial. ( Baik, SH; Cha, BS; Choi, SH; Jeong, IK; Kim, DM; Kim, IJ; Kim, SR; Kim, YS; Lee, IK; Lee, KW; Lee, MK; Min, KW; Oh, TJ; Park, JH; Park, JY; Park, SW; Park, TS; Son, HS; Song, YD; Yoon, KH; Yu, JM, 2019) |
| "Metformin use was neither associated with OS (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1." | 2.90 | Impact of Metformin Use and Diabetic Status During Adjuvant Fluoropyrimidine-Oxaliplatin Chemotherapy on the Outcome of Patients with Resected Colon Cancer: A TOSCA Study Subanalysis. ( Adamo, V; Aglietta, M; Antista, M; Banzi, M; Barni, S; Bidoli, P; Buonadonna, A; Cavanna, L; Ciarlo, A; Cinieri, S; Clerico, M; Damiani, A; De Placido, S; Di Bartolomeo, M; Dotti, KF; Faedi, M; Ferrari, D; Ferrari, L; Ferrario, S; Frassineti, GL; Galli, F; Giordani, P; Gori, S; Iaffaioli, RV; Labianca, RF; Leonardi, F; Lonardi, S; Maiello, E; Marchetti, P; Nicolini, M; Pavesi, L; Re, GL; Rosati, G; Tamburini, E; Tronconi, MC; Vernieri, C; Zampino, MG; Zaniboni, A, 2019) |
| " There were no notable differences between groups with regard to adverse events overall, hypoglycaemia events, changes in body weight or other safety variables." | 2.90 | Double-blind, randomized clinical trial assessing the efficacy and safety of early initiation of sitagliptin during metformin uptitration in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes: The CompoSIT-M study. ( Amorin, G; Crutchlow, MF; Engel, SS; Frias, JP; Iredale, C; Kaufman, KD; Lam, RLH; Makimura, H; Ntabadde, C; O'Neill, EA; Zimmer, Z, 2019) |
| "Metformin therapy was associated with smaller weight loss (-4." | 2.90 | Does metformin therapy influence the effects of intensive lifestyle intervention? Exploring the interaction between first line therapies in the Look AHEAD trial. ( Boulé, NG; Terada, T, 2019) |
| " The approved fixed-dose combination (FDC) of ertugliflozin and immediate-release metformin is dosed twice daily (BID)." | 2.90 | A PK/PD study comparing twice-daily to once-daily dosing regimens of ertugliflozin in healthy subjects . ( Bass, A; Cutler, D; Dawra, VK; Hickman, A; Liang, Y; Sahasrabudhe, V; Shi, H; Terra, SG; Zhou, S, 2019) |
| "3% of patients experienced adverse events with placebo, ertugliflozin 5- and 15 mg, respectively." | 2.90 | Safety and efficacy of ertugliflozin in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy: VERTIS Asia. ( Huyck, S; Ji, L; Lauring, B; Liu, S; Liu, Y; Miao, H; Mu, Y; Pan, S; Qiu, Y; Terra, SG; Wang, W; Xie, Y; Yan, P; Yang, M, 2019) |
| " Semaglutide was initiated at 3 mg/d and escalated every 4 weeks, first to 7 mg/d then to 14 mg/d, until the randomized dosage was achieved." | 2.90 | Effect of Additional Oral Semaglutide vs Sitagliptin on Glycated Hemoglobin in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Uncontrolled With Metformin Alone or With Sulfonylurea: The PIONEER 3 Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Allison, D; Birkenfeld, AL; Blicher, TM; Davies, M; Deenadayalan, S; Jacobsen, JB; Rosenstock, J; Serusclat, P; Violante, R; Watada, H, 2019) |
| "Metformin is first-line treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and reduces cardiovascular events in patients with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes." | 2.90 | Hepatic exposure of metformin in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. ( Brøsen, K; Feddersen, S; Gormsen, LC; Grønbaek, H; Hamilton-Dutoit, SJ; Heebøll, S; Jakobsen, S; Jessen, N; Munk, OL; Pedersen, SB; Sundelin, EIO; Vendelbo, MH, 2019) |
| "In children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide, at a dose of up to 1." | 2.90 | Liraglutide in Children and Adolescents with Type 2 Diabetes. ( Barrett, T; Barrientos-Pérez, M; Fainberg, U; Frimer-Larsen, H; Hafez, M; Hale, PM; Jalaludin, MY; Kovarenko, M; Libman, I; Lynch, JL; Rao, P; Shehadeh, N; Tamborlane, WV; Turan, S; Weghuber, D, 2019) |
| "Vildagliptin efficacy in combination with metformin for early treatment of T2DM (VERIFY) is an ongoing, multicentre, randomized controlled trial aiming to demonstrate the clinical benefits of glycaemic durability and glucose control achieved with an early combination therapy in newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients." | 2.90 | A pre-specified statistical analysis plan for the VERIFY study: Vildagliptin efficacy in combination with metformin for early treatment of T2DM. ( Bader, G; Chiang, Y; Del Prato, S; Han, J; Matthews, DR; Paldánius, PM; Proot, P; Stumvoll, M, 2019) |
| "GDF-15 was not associated with type 2 diabetes, glycaemic traits, CAD risk factors or colorectal cancer." | 2.90 | The impact of GDF-15, a biomarker for metformin, on the risk of coronary artery disease, breast and colorectal cancer, and type 2 diabetes and metabolic traits: a Mendelian randomisation study. ( Au Yeung, SL; Luo, S; Schooling, CM, 2019) |
| "In the Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) study, metformin plus rosiglitazone (M + R) maintained glycemic control better than metformin alone (M) or metformin plus lifestyle (M + L) in youth with type 2 diabetes (T2D)." | 2.90 | Changes in Visceral and Subcutaneous Fat in Youth With Type 2 Diabetes in the TODAY Study. ( Copeland, KC; Dhaliwal, R; El Ghormli, L; Geffner, ME; Higgins, J; Levitsky, LL; Nadeau, KJ; Shepherd, JA; Weinstock, RS; White, NH, 2019) |
| "Large numbers of people with type 2 diabetes are obese." | 2.90 | Olfactory Dysfunction Mediates Adiposity in Cognitive Impairment of Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From Clinical and Functional Neuroimaging Studies. ( Bi, Y; Qing, Z; Wang, X; Yang, QX; Zhang, B; Zhang, W; Zhang, X; Zhang, Z; Zhu, D, 2019) |
| "Metformin use was associated with decreased fracture risk (HR = 0." | 2.90 | Glycemic Control and Insulin Treatment Alter Fracture Risk in Older Men With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Adler, RA; Colón-Emeric, C; LaFleur, J; Lee, RH; Lyles, KW; Pieper, C; Sloane, R; Van Houtven, C, 2019) |
| "Treatment with metformin vs placebo, added to insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes, improves long-term estimates of beta cell function in the fasting state." | 2.87 | Metformin and β-cell function in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized placebo-controlled 4.3-year trial. ( Kooy, A; Lehert, P; Stehouwer, C; Top, W, 2018) |
| "Many adolescents with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have rapid deterioration of glycemic control on metformin monotherapy within 2 years of diagnosis." | 2.87 | Initial Presentation of Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents Predicts Durability of Successful Treatment with Metformin Monotherapy: Insights from the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium T2D Registry. ( Bacha, F; Beck, RW; Cheng, P; Gal, RL; Klingensmith, GJ; Kollman, C; Manseau, K; Tamborlane, WV; Wood, J, 2018) |
| "Metformin was found to reduce circulating levels of pituitary hormones." | 2.87 | Sex-Dependent Effect of Metformin on Serum Prolactin Levels In Hyperprolactinemic Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Study. ( Krysiak, R; Okopień, B; Szkróbka, W, 2018) |
| "Metformin with TLC treatment effected a therapeutic decrement of the oxidative stress (-15." | 2.87 | Effect of metformin combined with lifestyle modification versus lifestyle modification alone on proinflammatory-oxidative status in drug-naïve pre-diabetic and diabetic patients: A randomized controlled study. ( AbuRuz, S; Al-Athami, T; Bulatova, N; Kasabri, V; Momani, M; Qotineh, A; Yousef, AM; Zayed, A, 2018) |
| "Metformin treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can be limited by gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events (AEs), resulting in treatment discontinuation." | 2.87 | Comparative effectiveness of metformin monotherapy in extended release and immediate release formulations for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in treatment-naïve Chinese patients: Analysis of results from the CONSENT trial. ( Feng, B; Ji, L; Li, Q; Li, W; Li, X; Li, Y; Liang, L; Liang, Z; Lin, M; Lin, S; Liu, J; Liu, Y; Luo, Y; Ma, L; Ma, T; Qu, S; Song, W; Wang, J; Xi, S; Xu, H; Yang, J; Yang, Y; Zeng, J; Zhu, D, 2018) |
| "TODAY (Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth) was a multicenter randomized trial of 3 treatments including 521 participants with type 2 diabetes, aged 10-17 years, and with 2-6 years of follow-up." | 2.87 | Cardiac Biomarkers in Youth with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Results from the TODAY Study. ( Bacha, F; Bjornstad, P; El Ghormli, L; Gidding, SS; Levitsky, LL; Levitt Katz, LE; Lima, JAC; Lynch, J; Tryggestad, JB; Weinstock, RS, 2018) |
| "In patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes while using metformin, co-administration of ertugliflozin and sitagliptin provided more effective glycaemic control through 52 weeks compared with the individual agents." | 2.87 | Ertugliflozin plus sitagliptin versus either individual agent over 52 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with metformin: The VERTIS FACTORIAL randomized trial. ( Eldor, R; Engel, SS; Golm, G; Huyck, SB; Johnson, J; Lauring, B; Mancuso, JP; Pratley, RE; Qiu, Y; Raji, A; Sunga, S; Terra, SG, 2018) |
| "In this trial, 24 adults with a mean type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) duration of 2." | 2.87 | Two-year trial of intermittent insulin therapy vs metformin for the preservation of β-cell function after initial short-term intensive insulin induction in early type 2 diabetes. ( Choi, H; Kramer, CK; Retnakaran, R; Ye, C; Zinman, B, 2018) |
| "Metformin treatment for 3 months produced the anticipated decrease in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in the metformin group (FPG 7." | 2.87 | Metformin does not affect postabsorptive hepatic free fatty acid uptake, oxidation or resecretion in humans: A 3-month placebo-controlled clinical trial in patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy controls. ( Christensen, NL; Gormsen, LC; Jakobsen, S; Jessen, N; Munk, OL; Nielsen, EHT; Nielsen, S; Søndergaard, E; Tolbod, LP, 2018) |
| " After 24 weeks, incidences of adverse events and serious adverse events were similar between triple and dual therapy and between concomitant and sequential add-on regimens." | 2.87 | Safety and tolerability of dapagliflozin, saxagliptin and metformin in combination: Post-hoc analysis of concomitant add-on versus sequential add-on to metformin and of triple versus dual therapy with metformin. ( Chen, H; Del Prato, S; Garcia-Sanchez, R; Hansen, L; Iqbal, N; Johnsson, E; Mathieu, C; Rosenstock, J, 2018) |
| "Metformin treatment reduced the concentrations of NET components independently from glucose control." | 2.87 | The antidiabetic drug metformin blunts NETosis in vitro and reduces circulating NETosis biomarkers in vivo. ( Albiero, M; Avogaro, A; Bonora, BM; Bortolozzi, M; Cappellari, R; Ceolotto, G; Fadini, GP; Menegazzo, L; Romanato, F; Scattolini, V; Vigili de Kreutzeberg, S, 2018) |
| "Elderly subjects with metformin-treated type 2 diabetes have lower glucagon levels at 3." | 2.87 | Effects on the glucagon response to hypoglycaemia during DPP-4 inhibition in elderly subjects with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, placebo-controlled study. ( Ahrén, B; Farngren, J; Persson, M, 2018) |
| "To characterize girls with irregular menses and effects of glycemic treatments on menses and sex steroids in the Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Youth (TODAY) study." | 2.87 | Menstrual Dysfunction in Girls From the Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) Study. ( Arslanian, SA; Braffett, BH; Caprio, S; Geffner, ME; Kelsey, MM; Levitsky, LL; McKay, SV; Shah, R; Sprague, JE, 2018) |
| "Type 2 diabetes is associated with endothelial dysfunction leading to cardiovascular disease." | 2.87 | The synergistic effects of saxagliptin and metformin on CD34+ endothelial progenitor cells in early type 2 diabetes patients: a randomized clinical trial. ( Ahmadi, N; Amdur, RL; Domingues, CC; Dore, FJ; Houston, S; Khiyami, A; Kropotova, Y; Kundu, N; Mammadova, A; Rouphael, C; Sen, S; Witkin, L, 2018) |
| "A total of 168 patients with type 2 diabetes treated with >4 mg of glimepiride and 1000 mg of metformin by using free or fixed-dose combination therapy for at least 2 weeks were enrolled." | 2.87 | Comparison of Adherence to Glimepiride/Metformin Sustained Release Once-daily Versus Glimepiride/Metformin Immediate Release BID Fixed-combination Therapy Using the Medication Event Monitoring System in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. ( Ahn, KJ; Cha, BY; Chung, MY; Kang, JG; Kim, IJ; Kim, JD; Kim, JT; Lee, HW; Min, KW; Park, CY; Park, KS; Park, SW; Won, JC, 2018) |
| "More ipragliflozin-treated patients than placebo-treated patients achieved HbA1c target levels of <7." | 2.87 | Efficacy and safety of ipragliflozin as an add-on therapy to sitagliptin and metformin in Korean patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial. ( Baik, S; Cha, BS; Chon, S; Chung, CH; Han, KA; Jung, CH; Kim, DS; Lee, IK; Lee, KW; Lee, MK; Lim, S; Park, KS; Park, S; Sakatani, T; Yoon, KH, 2018) |
| "The primary end point was total cancer incidence." | 2.87 | Effect of Aspirin on Cancer Chemoprevention in Japanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: 10-Year Observational Follow-up of a Randomized Controlled Trial. ( Doi, N; Jinnouchi, H; Masuda, I; Matsumoto, C; Morimoto, T; Nakayama, M; Ogawa, H; Okada, S; Saito, Y; Sakuma, M; Soejima, H; Waki, M, 2018) |
| "One hundred two type 2 diabetes participants (M/F = 48/54) were investigated." | 2.87 | Saxagliptin Upregulates Nesfatin-1 Secretion and Ameliorates Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Profiles in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Chen, K; Mei, Q; Wang, J; Zhuo, T, 2018) |
| "To conduct a dose-response assessment of the efficacy and safety of the glucagon receptor antagonist PF-06291874 in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) using stable doses of metformin." | 2.87 | Efficacy and safety of the glucagon receptor antagonist PF-06291874: A 12-week, randomized, dose-response study in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on background metformin therapy. ( Bergman, AJ; Calle, RA; Chidsey, K; Kazierad, DJ; Somayaji, VR, 2018) |
| "The proposed HbA1c-based hospital discharge algorithm using a combination of sitagliptin-metformin was safe and significantly improved glycemic control after hospital discharge in general medicine and surgery patients with T2D." | 2.87 | THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF CO-ADMINISTRATION OF SITAGLIPTIN WITH METFORMIN IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES AT HOSPITAL DISCHARGE. ( Anzola, I; Dungan, KM; Gianchandani, RY; Gomez, P; Hodish, I; Iyengar, J; Lathkar-Pradhan, S; Pasquel, FJ; Rubin, DJ; Umpierrez, GE; Vellanki, P; Wang, H, 2018) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes and HbA1c 53-86 mmol/mol (7% to 10%) were randomized to empagliflozin 25 mg or glimepiride 1 to 4 mg for 104 weeks as add-on to metformin." | 2.87 | Empagliflozin compared with glimepiride in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes: 208-week data from a masked randomized controlled trial. ( Andersen, KR; Ridderstråle, M; Rosenstock, J; Salsali, A; Woerle, HJ, 2018) |
| "The metformin treatment group had higher mortality when HbA1c levels were <48 mmol/mol (<6." | 2.87 | Glycaemic control and mortality in older people with type 2 diabetes: The Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II. ( Bruce, DG; Davis, TME; Davis, WA, 2018) |
| " placebo in combination with different insulin regimens (the Copenhagen Insulin and Metformin Therapy trial) in patients with T2DM." | 2.87 | The effect of metformin versus placebo in combination with insulin analogues on bone mineral density and trabecular bone score in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. ( Almdal, TP; Boesgaard, TW; Breum, L; Eiken, P; Gade-Rasmussen, B; Gluud, C; Hemmingsen, B; Jensen, T; Krarup, T; Lund, SS; Lundby-Christensen, L; Madsbad, S; Mathiesen, ER; Nordklint, AK; Perrild, H; Sneppen, SB; Tarnow, L; Thorsteinsson, B; Vestergaard, H; Vestergaard, P, 2018) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving oral hypoglycemic drugs (OHDs) are usually instructed to stop them before surgery." | 2.87 | Preoperative Continuation Versus Interruption of Oral Hypoglycemics in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Undergoing Ambulatory Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. ( Alexander, JC; Gasanova, I; Joshi, GP; Melikman, E; Meng, J; Minhajuddin, A, 2018) |
| "Overweight and obesity are major health concerns worldwide, and are major predisposing factors for type 2 diabetes." | 2.87 | Effect of a nonsystemic, orally administered hydrogel, GS100, on metformin pharmacokinetics. ( Audet, D; Demitri, C; Heshmati, HM; Panteca, E; Ron, ES; Sannino, A; Surano, I; Urban, LE; Zohar, Y, 2018) |
| "Progression to type 2 diabetes in people at high risk of diabetes can be markedly reduced with interventions designed to correct underlying pathophysiological disturbances (ie, impaired insulin secretion and resistance) in a real-world setting." | 2.87 | Successful treatment of prediabetes in clinical practice using physiological assessment (STOP DIABETES). ( Abdul-Ghani, M; Armato, JP; DeFronzo, RA; Ruby, RJ, 2018) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes are at risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications." | 2.87 | Efficacy and tolerability of novel triple combination therapy in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes from the TRIPLE-AXEL trial: protocol for an open-label randomised controlled trial. ( Cho, HC; Kim, NH; Kim, SG; Kwak, SH; Lee, J; Lee, YH; Lim, S; Moon, JS; Moon, MK, 2018) |
| " The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetic equivalence of the high dose of the FDC tablet (gemigliptin/metformin sustained release [SR] 50/1,000 mg) and a corresponding co-administered dose of individual tablets." | 2.87 | Pharmacokinetic Equivalence of the High Dose Strength Fixed-Dose Combination Tablet of Gemigliptin/Metformin Sustained Release (SR) and Individual Component Gemigliptin and Metformin XR Tablets in Healthy Subjects. ( Bae, KS; Cho, YS; Lee, SH; Lim, HS, 2018) |
| "More dapagliflozintreated than saxagliptin-treated patients achieved the composite endpoint of HbA1c reduction ≥ 0." | 2.87 | Dapagliflozin versus saxagliptin as add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin. ( Chen, H; Garcia-Sanchez, R; Mathieu, C; Rosenstock, J; Saraiva, GL, 2018) |
| "Metformin has a direct and AMPK-dependent effect on GLP-1-secreting L cells and increases postprandial GLP-1 secretion, which seems to contribute to metformin's glucose-lowering effect and mode of action." | 2.87 | Metformin-induced glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion contributes to the actions of metformin in type 2 diabetes. ( Bahne, E; de Fontgalland, D; Due, S; Hansen, JS; Hansen, M; Hollington, P; Holst, JJ; Jackson, ML; Keating, DJ; Knop, FK; Liou, AP; Rabbitt, P; Rehfeld, JF; Rohde, U; Sonne, DP; Sposato, L; Sun, EWL; Vilsbøll, T; Wattchow, DA; Young, RL, 2018) |
| "215 patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomized into Glimepiride-Metformin group (Group1) having 111 patients and Vildagliptin-Metformin group (Group 2) having 106 patients." | 2.87 | Comparison of Safety and Efficacy of Glimepiride-Metformin and Vildagliptin- Metformin Treatment in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic Patients. ( Kaundal, PK; Mokta, JK; Mokta, K; Sahai, AK, 2018) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes of up to 3 years in duration." | 2.84 | Piloting a Remission Strategy in Type 2 Diabetes: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial. ( Balasubramanian, K; Gerstein, HC; Hall, S; McInnes, N; Otto, R; Punthakee, Z; Sherifali, D; Smith, A; Vandermey, J, 2017) |
| " Most discontinuations were due to adverse events-mostly gastrointestinal with semaglutide, and others such as skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (eg, rash, pruritus, and urticaria) with insulin glargine." | 2.84 | Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide versus once-daily insulin glargine as add-on to metformin (with or without sulfonylureas) in insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 4): a randomised, open-label, parallel-group, multicentre, mul ( Aroda, VR; Axelsen, M; Bain, SC; Cariou, B; DeVries, JH; Piletič, M; Rose, L; Rowe, E, 2017) |
| "Association of MODY genetic variants with diabetes incidence at a median of 3 years and measures of 1-year β-cell function, insulinogenic index, and oral disposition index." | 2.84 | Variation in Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young Genes Influence Response to Interventions for Diabetes Prevention. ( Altshuler, D; Billings, LK; Cheng, YC; Dabelea, D; Ehrmann, DA; Florez, JC; Franks, PW; Jablonski, KA; Kahn, SE; Knowler, WC; Manning, AK; McAteer, JB; Pollin, TI; Shuldiner, AR; Tipton, L; Warner, AS, 2017) |
| " Pharmacokinetic curves were recorded at steady-state." | 2.84 | Metformin and daclatasvir: absence of a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic drug interaction in healthy volunteers. ( Aarnoutse, RE; Burger, DM; Colbers, A; de Kanter, CTMM; Drenth, JPH; Smolders, EJ; Tack, CJ; van Ewijk-Beneken Kolmer, N; Velthoven-Graafland, K; Wolberink, LT, 2017) |
| "Metformin may protect against coronary atherosclerosis in prediabetes and early diabetes mellitus among men." | 2.84 | Effect of Long-Term Metformin and Lifestyle in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Its Outcome Study on Coronary Artery Calcium. ( Aroda, VR; Barrett-Connor, E; Bluemke, DA; Budoff, M; Crandall, JP; Dabelea, D; Goldberg, RB; Horton, ES; Mather, KJ; Orchard, TJ; Schade, D; Temprosa, M; Watson, K, 2017) |
| "At the time of cognitive assessment, type 2 diabetes was higher in the placebo group (57." | 2.84 | Metformin, Lifestyle Intervention, and Cognition in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. ( Christophi, CA; Crandall, J; Florez, H; Golden, SH; Hazuda, H; Jeffries, S; Luchsinger, JA; Ma, Y; Manly, JJ; Pi-Sunyer, FX; Venditti, E; Watson, K, 2017) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes present with an accelerated atherosclerotic process." | 2.84 | The addition of vildagliptin to metformin prevents the elevation of interleukin 1ß in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease: a prospective, randomized, open-label study. ( Eskenazi, D; Fisman, EZ; Goldenberg, I; Goldkorn, R; Klempfner, R; Leor, J; Naftali-Shani, N; Tenenbaum, A; Younis, A, 2017) |
| "Alprostadil hydration was superior to drinking water monohydration regarding preventing CIN in T2DM patients treated with metformin after contrast-enhanced CT." | 2.84 | Alprostadil protects type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with metformin from contrast-induced nephropathy. ( Ai, X; Gao, Y; Li, C; Li, L; Sun, N; Sun, W; Wang, J, 2017) |
| "Metformin treatment significantly enhances intestinal glucose uptake from the circulation of patients with type 2 diabetes." | 2.84 | Metformin treatment significantly enhances intestinal glucose uptake in patients with type 2 diabetes: Results from a randomized clinical trial. ( Andersson, AD; Enerbäck, S; Eriksson, O; Faxius, L; Gomez, MF; Guiducci, L; Hällsten, K; Heglind, M; Iozzo, P; Kauhanen, SP; Koffert, JP; Mikkola, K; Nuutila, P; Parkkola, R; Pham, T; Saraste, A; Silvola, JMU; Virta, J; Virtanen, KA, 2017) |
| "This study, a subgroup analysis of the data from the Organization Program of DiabEtes INsulIN ManaGement study, aimed to compare the efficacy and safety profiles of acarbose and metformin used in combination with premixed insulin." | 2.84 | Comparative assessment of the efficacy and safety of acarbose and metformin combined with premixed insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Gu, M; Guo, X; Liu, J; Lou, Q; Lv, X; Shen, L; Wu, H; Zhang, M, 2017) |
| " We evaluated pharmacokinetic parameters of rE-4 and exenatide, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h postprandial blood glucose (PG2 h), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and body weight at designated time points." | 2.84 | Pharmacokinetics and Preliminary Pharmacodynamics of Single- and Multiple-dose Lyophilized Recombinant Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist (rE-4) in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Chen, Y; Cui, Y; Fang, Y; Guo, X; Ji, L; Lou, K; Wang, Q; Wang, Y; Xu, B; Xu, L; Zhao, X; Zhu, L, 2017) |
| "Fifteen metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes; all participants completed the study." | 2.84 | Single-Dose Metformin Enhances Bile Acid-Induced Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Secretion in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. ( Albér, A; Brønden, A; Holst, JJ; Knop, FK; Rehfeld, JF; Rohde, U; Vilsbøll, T, 2017) |
| " The overall incidences of adverse events (AEs), serious AEs, drug-related AEs and discontinuations were generally similar between treatment groups." | 2.84 | A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of the once-weekly DPP-4 inhibitor omarigliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled by glimepiride and metformin. ( Ceesay, P; Engel, SS; Gantz, I; Kaufman, KD; Lai, E; Latham, M; Lee, SH; O'Neill, EA; Round, E; Suryawanshi, S, 2017) |
| " The most frequent adverse reactions in the PEX168 groups were mild to moderate dose-dependent gastrointestinal reactions." | 2.84 | Polyethylene glycol loxenatide injections added to metformin effectively improve glycemic control and exhibit favorable safety in type 2 diabetic patients. ( Chen, X; Cheng, Q; Jiang, H; Li, X; Li, Y; Lu, D; Lv, X; Peng, Y; Piao, C; Sun, L; Xiao, X; Xie, Y; Yang, G; Yang, J; Yang, W; Zhang, X; Zheng, S, 2017) |
| "Weight gain is an ongoing challenge when initiating insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 2.84 | Prediction of excessive weight gain in insulin treated patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Almdal, TP; Cichosz, SL; Hejlesen, OK; Johansen, MD; Lundby-Christensen, L; Tarnow, L, 2017) |
| "For newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes, some clinical features and laboratory parameters are important prognostic factors for predicting drug responsiveness." | 2.84 | Different clinical prognostic factors are associated with improved glycaemic control: findings from MARCH randomized trial. ( Bao, Y; Han, J; Jia, W; Liu, F; Pang, J; Tu, Y; Yang, W; Yu, H, 2017) |
| "The Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) clinical trial documented that metformin plus rosiglitazone, but not metformin plus lifestyle intervention, provided superior durability of glycemic control relative to metformin monotherapy." | 2.84 | Weight change in the management of youth-onset type 2 diabetes: the TODAY clinical trial experience. ( El Ghormli, L; Hirst, K; Ievers-Landis, CE; Linder, B; Marcus, MD; van Buren, DJ; Walders-Abramson, N; Wilfley, DE; Zeitler, P, 2017) |
| " A similar percentage of patients experienced drug-related, treatment-emergent adverse events in the alogliptin and placebo arms." | 2.84 | Efficacy and safety of alogliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A multicentre randomized double-blind placebo-controlled Phase 3 study in mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. ( Chan, J; Han, P; Hsieh, AT; Ji, Q; Li, C; Li, W; Lu, J; Pan, C; Yang, J; Zeng, J, 2017) |
| " The addition of sitagliptin was generally well tolerated, with a comparable incidence of adverse events and drug-related adverse events in both treatment groups." | 2.84 | Randomized trial assessing the safety and efficacy of sitagliptin in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on sulfonylurea alone or combined with metformin. ( Ba, J; Engel, SS; Han, P; Hanson, ME; Mo, Z; Pan, C; Shankar, RR; Wu, F; Xu, L; Yuan, G, 2017) |
| "A total of 16 patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin and liraglutide (1." | 2.84 | Addition of a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, to ongoing therapy with the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide: A randomized controlled trial in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Baranov, O; Deacon, CF; Holst, JJ; Kahle, M; Nauck, MA, 2017) |
| "Metformin-treated patients with T2DM also have higher fasted GLP-1 levels, independently of weight and glycaemia." | 2.84 | Sustained influence of metformin therapy on circulating glucagon-like peptide-1 levels in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes. ( Dawed, A; Dekker, J; Franks, PW; Hansen, TH; Heggie, A; Holman, RR; Jones, AG; Koivula, R; Pearson, ER; Preiss, D; Sattar, N; Stewart, C; Walker, M; Welsh, P, 2017) |
| "Linagliptin has a protective role on endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes with moderate hyperglycemia." | 2.84 | Linagliptin improves endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized study of linagliptin effectiveness on endothelial function. ( Hirose, T; Iga, R; Kanda, E; Kobayashi, Y; Kumashiro, N; Miyagi, M; Shigiyama, F; Uchino, H, 2017) |
| " The overall frequency of adverse events was similar among the groups." | 2.84 | Randomized, double-blind, phase III study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of once-daily treatment with alogliptin and metformin hydrochloride in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Kaku, K; Katou, M; Kinugawa, Y; Nishiyama, Y; Sumino, S, 2017) |
| "Lobeglitazone-treated patients showed significantly decreased CAP values (313." | 2.84 | Lobeglitazone, a Novel Thiazolidinedione, Improves Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Type 2 Diabetes: Its Efficacy and Predictive Factors Related to Responsiveness. ( Cho, YM; Jin, HY; Kim, JH; Kim, SR; Lee, BW; Lee, YH; Rhee, EJ, 2017) |
| " A higher incidence of serious adverse events was observed in the sitagliptin group (5." | 2.84 | A randomized clinical trial of the safety and efficacy of sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled by acarbose alone. ( Engel, SS; Fujita, KP; Kaufman, KD; Liu, X; Ma, J; Ning, G; O'Neill, EA; Shankar, RR; Wang, W; Wu, F; Xu, L; Zheng, S, 2017) |
| " In general, both treatments were well tolerated, with incidences and types of adverse events comparable between the two groups." | 2.84 | Efficacy and safety of adding evogliptin versus sitagliptin for metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes: A 24-week randomized, controlled trial with open label extension. ( Chung, CH; Han, KA; Hong, SM; Hwang, DM; Lee, CB; Mok, JO; Park, CY; Park, KS; Park, SW; Yoon, KH, 2017) |
| "metformin 1000mg bid) was borderline non-significant; however, SPCs produced significantly greater reductions in HbA1c from baseline versus respective monotherapies in all but one pre-defined sensitivity analysis." | 2.84 | Efficacy and safety of linagliptin/metformin single-pill combination as initial therapy in drug-naïve Asian patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Du, J; Fan, B; Gong, Y; Hehnke, U; Liu, J; Ma, J; Mu, Y; Pan, C; Wang, X; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y, 2017) |
| "Canagliflozin is an SGLT2 inhibitor approved for the treatment of type-2 diabetes." | 2.84 | Dynamic population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling and simulation supports similar efficacy in glycosylated haemoglobin response with once or twice-daily dosing of canagliflozin. ( de Trixhe, XW; de Winter, W; Devineni, D; Dunne, A; Hsu, CH; Pinheiro, J; Polidori, D, 2017) |
| " Endothelial function and plasma markers of endothelial activation (intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1)) were measured prior to and 2 hours following acute dosing of sitagliptin or placebo, as well as following 8 weeks of intervention with each pill." | 2.84 | Impact of DPP-4 inhibition on acute and chronic endothelial function in humans with type 2 diabetes on background metformin therapy. ( Branum, A; Malik, M; Puppala, VK; Signorelli, K; Suboc, TM; Tanner, MJ; Tyagi, S; Wang, J; Widlansky, ME; Ying, R, 2017) |
| " The most common adverse events with exenatide QWS-AI were gastrointestinal events and injection-site reactions." | 2.84 | Efficacy and safety of autoinjected exenatide once-weekly suspension versus sitagliptin or placebo with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: The DURATION-NEO-2 randomized clinical study. ( Gadde, KM; Hardy, E; Iqbal, N; Öhman, P; Vetter, ML, 2017) |
| "MATERIAL AND METHODS Five patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled and treated with insulin degludec and metformin as a basal therapy." | 2.84 | Cross-Over Study Comparing Postprandial Glycemic Increase After Addition of a Fixed-Dose Mitiglinide/Voglibose Combination or a Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor to Basal Insulin Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Ihana-Sugiyama, N; Kakei, M; Noda, M; Sugiyama, T; Tsujimoto, T; Yamamoto-Honda, R, 2017) |
| " The incidences of adverse events (AEs) were 29." | 2.84 | Efficacy and safety of metformin and sitagliptin based triple antihyperglycemic therapy (STRATEGY): a multicenter, randomized, controlled, non-inferiority clinical trial. ( Bi, Y; Engel, SS; Ji, L; Ji, Q; Jia, W; Lu, J; Mao, A; Mu, Y; Ran, X; Weng, J; Xu, W; Yang, W; Yao, B; Zeng, L; Zhao, B; Zhao, J; Zhou, Z; Zhu, D, 2017) |
| "0%, the proportion of patients with gastrointestinal adverse events (GI AEs), and the proportion of patients achieving HbA1c < 7." | 2.84 | Efficacy and safety of saxagliptin compared with acarbose in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus uncontrolled on metformin monotherapy: Results of a Phase IV open-label randomized controlled study (the SMART study). ( Bian, F; Du, J; Fang, H; Li, W; Liang, L; Mu, Y; Shen, L; Wang, X; Xu, C; Xu, F, 2017) |
| "Metformin has long been used at low doses in Japan, and information regarding its effect at the maximum maintenance dose is lacking." | 2.82 | Efficacy and Safety of Metformin Versus the Other Oral Antidiabetic Drugs in Japanese Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Network Meta-analysis. ( Iwasaki, K; Nishimura, R; Takeshima, T; Taniguchi, M, 2022) |
| "Metformin is a first-line therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes." | 2.82 | Metformin and its therapeutic applications in autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease. ( Choe, JY; Kim, JW; Park, SH, 2022) |
| " The drug classes varied in their relative effects on hypoglycemia, body weight, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the classes had differing safety profiles on total adverse events, urogenital adverse events, heart failure, serious adverse events, and withdraw due to adverse events." | 2.82 | Comparative efficacy and safety of antihyperglycemic drug classes for patients with type 2 diabetes following failure with metformin monotherapy: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ( Bai, Z; Chen, L; Coyle, D; Elliott, J; Hsieh, S; Johnston, A; Kelly, SE; Sigal, RJ; Skidmore, B; Toupin-April, K; Wells, GA; Zheng, H, 2022) |
| " Secondary outcomes were non-cardiovascular adverse events." | 2.82 | Comparative effectiveness of cardiovascular, renal and safety outcomes of second-line antidiabetic drugs use in people with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. ( Chong, CW; Fong, AYY; Hussein, Z; Khunti, K; Lee, SWH; Loganadan, NK; Navaravong, L; Sim, R, 2022) |
| "Metformin is a biguanide and the most commonly prescribed medication for type 2 diabetes Due to its pleiotropic properties, metformin's potential disease-modifying effects are widely studied on different pathophysiological plyers of AD such as amyloid-β (Aβ) production and clearance, tau phosphorylation, and neuroinflammation, in relevant in vitro and in vivo models." | 2.82 | Metformin in Alzheimer's disease: An overview of potential mechanisms, preclinical and clinical findings. ( Ghasemnejad-Berenji, M; Hodaei, D; Khezri, MR; Mahboubi, N; Yousefi, K, 2022) |
| "Metformin has been in clinical use for the management of type 2 diabetes for more than 60 years and is supported by a vast database of clinical experience: this includes evidence for cardioprotection from randomised trials and real-world studies." | 2.82 | Metformin and the heart: Update on mechanisms of cardiovascular protection with special reference to comorbid type 2 diabetes and heart failure. ( Bailey, CJ; Brand, K; Schernthaner, G, 2022) |
| "Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide." | 2.82 | Metformin and Breast Cancer: Where Are We Now? ( Cejuela, M; Martin-Castillo, B; Menendez, JA; Pernas, S, 2022) |
| "Earlier development of type 2 diabetes is associated with poorer prognoses, and children lose glycemic control more rapidly than adults." | 2.82 | Considering metformin as a second-line treatment for children and adolescents with prediabetes. ( Halpin, K; Hosey, CM; Yan, Y, 2022) |
| "Metformin is a widely used drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with a known ability to lower blood glucose levels." | 2.82 | The effect of metformin on glucose metabolism in patients receiving glucocorticoids. ( Fernandez, F; Landis, D; Nugent, K; Sutter, A, 2022) |
| "The public health burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease is steadily increasing worldwide, especially in the population of older adults." | 2.82 | Antidiabetic Drugs in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. ( Karachrysafi, S; Kavvadas, D; Michailidis, M; Moraitou, D; Papaliagkas, V; Papamitsou, T; Tata, DA; Vareltzis, P, 2022) |
| "Metformin is a first-line oral antidiabetic agent that results in clear benefits in relation to glucose metabolism and diabetes-related complications." | 2.82 | The role of MicroRNA networks in tissue-specific direct and indirect effects of metformin and its application. ( Fang, D; Gao, X; Liang, Y; Luo, M; Wang, G; Wang, L; Wu, J; Yang, Q; Zeng, M, 2022) |
| "Metformin was first used to treat type 2 diabetes in the late 1950s and in 2022 remains the first-choice drug used daily by approximately 150 million people." | 2.82 | Metformin: Is it a drug for all reasons and diseases? ( Bshesh, K; Ding, H; Hill, MA; Hollenberg, MD; MacDonald, R; Marei, I; Mohammed, I; Triggle, CR; Ye, K, 2022) |
| "Metformin is a wonder drug used as an anti-hypoglycemic medication; it is also used as a cancer suppression medicament." | 2.82 | Metformin as an emerging concern in wastewater: Occurrence, analysis and treatment methods. ( Balakrishnan, A; Jacob, MM; Sillanpää, M; Vo, DN, 2022) |
| "Normoglycaemia, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes appear to be part of a continuum of increased risk of adverse outcomes." | 2.82 | Vascular complications in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: a continuous process arising from a common pathology. ( Gottwald-Hostalek, U; Gwilt, M, 2022) |
| "Metformin has been suggested to reduce thyroid cancer incidence and to improve thyroid cancer prognosis." | 2.82 | Metformin and thyroid carcinoma incidence and prognosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Chen, Z; Luo, J; Wang, Z; Xun, P; Zhang, Y, 2022) |
| "Postprandial hyperlipidaemia in type 2 diabetes is secondary to increased chylomicron production by the enterocytes and delayed catabolism of chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants." | 2.82 | Intestinal lipid absorption and transport in type 2 diabetes. ( Vergès, B, 2022) |
| "Metformin is a first-line drug for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and one of the most commonly prescribed drugs in the world." | 2.82 | Actions of Metformin in the Brain: A New Perspective of Metformin Treatments in Related Neurological Disorders. ( Fei, E; Li, N; Zhou, T, 2022) |
| " There were no significant differences between treatments in the incidence of adverse events, except that liraglutide+metformin had significant adverse effect such as abdominal pain." | 2.82 | Comparative efficacy and safety of glucose-lowering drugs in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. ( Feng, Y; Ge, Y; He, Y; Hou, L; Huo, M; Ji, Y; Li, H; Liu, X; Liu, Y; Luo, Q; Qian, F; Wang, J; Wei, Y; Wu, S; Wu, Y; Xue, F; Yu, Y, 2022) |
| "Diseases such as Alzheimer's, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), Parkinson's, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and osteoarthritis are age-related, and most of these diseases are comorbidities or risk factors for AD; however, our understandings of molecular events that regulate the occurrence of these diseases are still not fully understood." | 2.82 | Importance of Bmal1 in Alzheimer's disease and associated aging-related diseases: Mechanisms and interventions. ( Chen, J; Dong, K; Fan, R; Ma, D; Peng, X; Shi, X; Xie, L; Xu, W; Yang, Y; Yu, X; Zhang, S, 2022) |
| "Metformin has been recognized as the first-choice drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 2.82 | Effects of single-nucleotide polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metformin. ( Chen, D; Deng, L; Fan, S; He, Z; Kang, B; Li, S; Tang, F; Xu, B; Xue, Y; Yang, B; Zhou, JC, 2022) |
| "Obesity is a systemic disease and represents one of the leading causes of death worldwide by constituting the main risk factor for a series of non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular diseases and dyslipidemia." | 2.82 | Enhancing Metformin Effects by Adding Gut Microbiota Modulators to Ameliorate the Metabolic Status of Obese, Insulin-Resistant Hosts. ( Cătinean, A; Crăciun, AM; Ghervan, C; Popa Ilie, IR; Seicaru, EM, 2022) |
| "Metformin is a hypoglycemic drug widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes." | 2.82 | Is metformin a possible treatment for diabetic neuropathy? ( Huang, M; Jia, S; Wang, P; Wei, J; Wei, Y, 2022) |
| "The number of patients with type 2 diabetes is increasing worldwide." | 2.82 | Oncodiabetology II. Antidiabetics and cancer prevention ( Bánhegyi, RJ; Fülöp, N; Gazdag, A; Rácz, B; Szalai, L; Wágner, R, 2022) |
| "Metformin can activate the pathways and expressions of both AMPK and SIRT1 so as to protect the mitochondrial function of chondrocytes, thereby promoting osteoblast production." | 2.82 | Metformin Prevents or Delays the Development and Progression of Osteoarthritis: New Insight and Mechanism of Action. ( Chen, S; Deng, Z; He, M; Jin, H; Li, Y; Lu, B; Opoku, M; Xie, W; Zhang, L, 2022) |
| "Metformin as a first-line drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) treatment is widely studied." | 2.82 | Mechanism of metformin regulation in central nervous system: Progression and future perspectives. ( Cao, G; Du, Y; Ge, T; Gong, T; Liu, J; Wang, Y, 2022) |
| "To assess the efficacy of Da Chaihu decoction combined with metformin tablets on patients with type 2 diabetes compared with metformin alone." | 2.82 | The efficacy of Da Chaihu decoction combined with metformin tablets for type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Cui, XD; Huang, PY; Li, F; Li, FY; Li, HP; Li, XL; Li, YF; Liu, L; Liu, WB; Liu, XD; Mao, BH; Qiu, J; Qiu, WW; Wang, C; Wang, JB; Wang, M; Wang, PJ; Wang, YX; Yang, KH, 2022) |
| "Whether metformin is related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is controversial." | 2.82 | Effect of metformin on nonalcoholic fatty liver based on meta-analysis and network pharmacology. ( Huang, Y; Li, C; Liang, E; Liu, T; Mao, J; Wang, X; Yan, C; Zhang, L, 2022) |
| "There is a bi-directional link between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and heart failure (HF) and their co-existence markedly increases an individual's morbidity and mortality." | 2.82 | Contemporary choice of glucose lowering agents in heart failure patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Katsiki, N; Kazakos, K; Triposkiadis, F, 2022) |
| "Metformin is a hypoglycemic agent that is commonly used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease." | 2.82 | Metformin Improves Ovarian Cancer Sensitivity to Paclitaxel and Platinum-Based Drugs: A Review of In Vitro Findings. ( Tossetta, G, 2022) |
| "Metformin promotes osteogenic differentiation, mineralization, and bone defect regeneration via activation of the AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway." | 2.82 | Effects of Metformin Delivery via Biomaterials on Bone and Dental Tissue Engineering. ( Bai, Y; Dai, Z; Oates, TW; Schneider, A; Weir, MD; Xiao, L; Xu, HHK; Yu, K; Zhang, K; Zhao, Z; Zhu, M, 2022) |
| " Owing to the high pharmacokinetic (PK) variability, several population pharmacokinetic (PPK) models have been developed for metformin to explore potential covariates that affect its pharmacokinetic variation." | 2.82 | Research Progress of Population Pharmacokinetic of Metformin. ( Hu, H; Shen, C; Tang, J; Wang, X; Xie, H, 2022) |
| "Metformin treatment significantly prolongs the OS and decreases the recurrence rate for HCC patients with T2DM after curative HCC therapy." | 2.82 | The effect of metformin usage on survival outcomes for hepatocellular carcinoma patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after curative therapy. ( Hao, J; Ma, J; Wang, J; Yuan, B, 2022) |
| "Metformin is an old drug with multiple beneficial metabolic health effects beyond glycemic control." | 2.82 | Metformin therapy in pediatric type 2 diabetes mellitus and its comorbidities: A review. ( Alfaraidi, H; Samaan, MC, 2022) |
| "The current aim of ADPKD therapy is the inhibition of cyst development and retardation of chronic kidney disease progression." | 2.82 | Autosomic dominant polycystic kidney disease and metformin: Old knowledge and new insights on retarding progression of chronic kidney disease. ( Andreucci, M; Bolignano, D; Casarella, A; Coppolino, G; De Sarro, G; Deodato, F; Nicotera, R; Presta, P; Russo, E; Urso, A; Zicarelli, MT, 2022) |
| "Treatment with metformin and diabetes education provided short-term improvements in glycemic control and cardiometabolic risk factors in a large adolescent T2D cohort." | 2.82 | Presentation and effectiveness of early treatment of type 2 diabetes in youth: lessons from the TODAY study. ( Geffner, ME; Guandalini, C; Kelsey, MM; Pyle, L; Tamborlane, WV; White, NH; Zeitler, PS, 2016) |
| " Adverse events occurred in similar proportions in the linagliptin and placebo patients (27." | 2.82 | Efficacy and safety of linagliptin in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled by metformin: A multinational 24-week, randomized clinical trial. ( Gong, Y; Izumoto, T; Ning, G; Patel, S; Wang, W; Yang, G; Yang, J; Zhang, C, 2016) |
| " Study 1 compared the bioavailability of single daily doses of Met DR to currently available immediate-release metformin (Met IR) and extended-release metformin (Met XR) in otherwise healthy volunteers." | 2.82 | The Primary Glucose-Lowering Effect of Metformin Resides in the Gut, Not the Circulation: Results From Short-term Pharmacokinetic and 12-Week Dose-Ranging Studies. ( Baron, A; Burns, C; Buse, JB; DeFronzo, RA; Fineman, M; Kim, T; Rosenstock, J; Skare, S, 2016) |
| "Taking metformin with a meal has been shown to decrease bioavailability of metformin." | 2.82 | Postprandial hyperglycemia was ameliorated by taking metformin 30 min before a meal than taking metformin with a meal; a randomized, open-label, crossover pilot study. ( Asano, M; Fukuda, T; Fukuda, Y; Fukui, M; Hamaguchi, M; Hasegawa, G; Hashimoto, Y; Kimura, T; Kitagawa, N; Majima, S; Mistuhashi, K; Nakamura, N; Oda, Y; Okada, H; Senmaru, T; Tanaka, M; Tanaka, Y; Yamada, S; Yamazaki, M, 2016) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and inadequate glycaemic control on combination metformin (MET) and sulphonylurea (SU) were enrolled in a 24-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study with a 28-week extension." | 2.82 | Patient-reported outcomes among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with dapagliflozin in a triple-therapy regimen for 52 weeks. ( Grandy, S; Rohwedder, K; Ryden, A; Sternhufvud, C; Sugg, J, 2016) |
| " At Week 24, the incidence of adverse events (AEs) was numerically greater with sitagliptin than placebo, primarily because of a higher incidence of hypoglycemia." | 2.82 | A randomized clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of sitagliptin added to the combination of sulfonylurea and metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and inadequate glycemic control. ( Engel, SS; Gantz, I; Goldstein, BJ; Golm, GT; Kaufman, KD; Moses, RG; O'neill, EA; Round, E; Shentu, Y, 2016) |
| "At baseline, Met patients with type 2 diabetes had more advanced disease than TN patients, featuring worse beta cell function and higher EGP." | 2.82 | Metabolic consequences of acute and chronic empagliflozin administration in treatment-naive and metformin pretreated patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Astiarraga, B; Barsotti, E; Broedl, UC; Ferrannini, E; Heise, T; Mari, A; Muscelli, E; Nosek, L; Schliess, F; Woerle, HJ, 2016) |
| "We recruited 10 participants with type 2 diabetes who were taking metformin." | 2.82 | The Effect of Exercise with or Without Metformin on Glucose Profiles in Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Study. ( Boulé, NG; Myette-Côté, É; Terada, T, 2016) |
| "A total of 657 type 2 diabetes patients who were randomly assigned to 48 weeks of therapy with either acarbose or metformin in the MARCH trial were divided into two groups based upon their hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels at the end of follow-up: HbA1c <7% (<53 mmol/mol) and ≥7% (≥53 mmol/mol)." | 2.82 | Factors that influence the efficacy of acarbose and metformin as initial therapy in Chinese patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a subanalysis of the MARCH trial. ( Wang, N; Wang, X; Xing, X; Yang, W; Yang, Z; Zhang, J, 2016) |
| "In metformin-treated type 2 diabetes, a protein preload has the capacity to enhance the efficacy of vildagliptin to slow gastric emptying, increase plasma intact incretins, and reduce postprandial glycemia." | 2.82 | A Protein Preload Enhances the Glucose-Lowering Efficacy of Vildagliptin in Type 2 Diabetes. ( Borg, M; Bound, MJ; Deacon, CF; Horowitz, M; Jones, KL; Little, TJ; Rayner, CK; Wu, T; Zhang, X, 2016) |
| "Hypoglycemia was defined as sensor glucose level of less than 60 mg/dl in two or more consecutive readings from CGM." | 2.82 | Glycemic excursions are positively associated with changes in duration of asymptomatic hypoglycemia after treatment intensification in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Lee, IT; Lee, WJ; Lin, SD; Lin, SY; Sheu, WH; Su, SL; Tseng, YH; Tu, ST; Wang, JS, 2016) |
| "The safety and efficacy of liraglutide in combination with an oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) compared with combination of two OADs were assessed in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes." | 2.82 | Liraglutide is effective and well tolerated in combination with an oral antidiabetic drug in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, 52-week, open-label, parallel-group trial. ( Bosch-Traberg, H; Kaku, K; Kaneko, S; Kiyosue, A; Nishijima, K; Ono, Y; Seino, Y; Shiraiwa, T, 2016) |
| "We studied patients with type 2 diabetes, treated with metformin, insulin combined with metformin and conventional insulin." | 2.82 | The Impact of Pharmacotherapy of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 Secretion. ( Borowska, M; Dworacka, M; Dworacki, G; Krzyżagórska, E; Wesołowska, A; Winiarska, H, 2016) |
| "Identifying novel biomarkers of type 2 diabetes risk may improve prediction and prevention among individuals at high risk of the disease and elucidate new biological pathways relevant to diabetes development." | 2.82 | Metabolite Profiles of Diabetes Incidence and Intervention Response in the Diabetes Prevention Program. ( Clish, C; Florez, JC; Gerszten, RE; Ma, Y; Walford, GA; Wang, TJ, 2016) |
| "To assess the effect of metformin versus placebo both in combination with insulin analogue treatment on changes in carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in patients with type 2 diabetes." | 2.82 | Metformin versus placebo in combination with insulin analogues in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus-the randomised, blinded Copenhagen Insulin and Metformin Therapy (CIMT) trial. ( Almdal, TP; Boesgaard, TW; Breum, L; Carstensen, B; Duun, E; Gade-Rasmussen, B; Gluud, C; Hedetoft, C; Hemmingsen, B; Jensen, T; Krarup, T; Lund, SS; Lundby-Christensen, L; Madsbad, S; Mathiesen, ER; Pedersen, O; Perrild, H; Røder, M; Sneppen, SB; Snorgaard, O; Tarnow, L; Thorsteinsson, B; Vaag, A; Vestergaard, H; Wetterslev, J; Wiinberg, N, 2016) |
| "Participants with type 2 diabetes (glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 7." | 2.82 | Effects of biphasic, basal-bolus or basal insulin analogue treatments on carotid intima-media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the randomised Copenhagen Insulin and Metformin Therapy (CIMT) trial. ( Almdal, TP; Boesgaard, TW; Breum, L; Carstensen, B; Duun, E; Gade-Rasmussen, B; Gluud, C; Hedetoft, C; Hemmingsen, B; Jensen, T; Krarup, T; Lund, SS; Lundby-Christensen, L; Madsbad, S; Mathiesen, ER; Pedersen, O; Perrild, H; Røder, M; Sneppen, SB; Snorgaard, O; Tarnow, L; Thorsteinsson, B; Vaag, A; Vestergaard, H; Wetterslev, J; Wiinberg, N, 2016) |
| "Among patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes taking glargine and metformin, treatment with degludec/liraglutide compared with up-titration of glargine resulted in noninferior HbA1c levels, with secondary analyses indicating greater HbA1c level reduction after 26 weeks of treatment." | 2.82 | Effect of Insulin Glargine Up-titration vs Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide on Glycated Hemoglobin Levels in Patients With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes: The DUAL V Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Buse, JB; García-Hernández, P; Lehmann, L; Lingvay, I; Norwood, P; Pérez Manghi, F; Tarp-Johansen, MJ, 2016) |
| "0%) with a stable dosage of metformin plus gliclazide for more than 3 months were randomized to receive either vildagliptin 50 mg twice daily (BID, n = 37) or saxagliptin 5 mg once daily (QD, n = 36)." | 2.82 | Effects of vildagliptin versus saxagliptin on daily acute glucose fluctuations in Chinese patients with T2DM inadequately controlled with a combination of metformin and sulfonylurea. ( Jing, W; Shunyou, D; Xiaochun, H; Xiaoyan, C; Yingyu, F; Yuyu, T, 2016) |
| " From October 2013 to July 2014, a total of 166 T2DM outpatients who attended the Shanghai Changhai Hospital and the Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College were randomly assigned into an experimental sitagliptin/metformin combined with low caloric diet group (n = 115) and an insulin glargine combined with metformin control group (n = 51)." | 2.82 | Sitagliptin/Metformin Versus Insulin Glargine Combined With Metformin in Obese Subjects With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes. ( Cao, J; Ji, M; Xia, L; Zou, D, 2016) |
| "8 mg in combination with metformin (≥1500 mg) were randomized to addition of once-daily IDeg ('IDeg add-on to liraglutide' arm; n = 174) or placebo ('placebo add-on to liraglutide' arm; n = 172), with dosing of both IDeg and placebo based on titration guidelines." | 2.82 | Effect of adding insulin degludec to treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin and liraglutide: a double-blind randomized controlled trial (BEGIN: ADD TO GLP-1 Study). ( Andersen, TH; Aroda, VR; Bailey, TS; Cariou, B; Kumar, S; Leiter, LA; Philis-Tsimikas, A; Raskin, P; Zacho, J, 2016) |
| " The mean terminal half-life (t1/2 ) was 2-3 h." | 2.82 | Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of AZP-531, a first-in-class analogue of unacylated ghrelin, in healthy and overweight/obese subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes. ( Abribat, T; Allas, S; Delale, T; Julien, M; Ngo, N; Ritter, J; Sahakian, P; van der Lely, AJ, 2016) |
| "Eligibility criteria for subjects includes: type 2 diabetes mellitus with more than 10 years duration; having been treated with secretagogues, metformin and insulin in combination with LIRA for at least 6 months; poor glycemic control [glycosylated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) 7%-10%]." | 2.82 | [The effect of liraglutide in combination with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells treatment on glucose metabolism and β cell function in type 2 diabetes mellitus]. ( Chen, C; Chen, P; Guo, W; Huang, LH; Huang, Q; Li, CM; Shao, ZL; Xu, XJ; Yang, XZ, 2016) |
| " Outcomes included the changes in hemoglobin A1c, fasting plasma glucose, bodyweight and treatment-emergent adverse events." | 2.82 | Efficacy and safety of ipragliflozin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes stratified by body mass index: A subgroup analysis of five randomized clinical trials. ( Kashiwagi, A; Kawamuki, K; Kazuta, K; Kosakai, Y; Nakamura, I; Satomi, H; Takahashi, H; Ueyama, E; Yoshida, S, 2016) |
| " The incidences of gastrointestinal adverse events were generally higher in high-dose metformin groups than in the placebo group." | 2.82 | Randomized clinical trial of the safety and efficacy of sitagliptin and metformin co-administered to Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Engel, SS; Golm, GT; Han, P; Ji, L; Jou, YM; Kaufman, KD; Liu, J; O'Neill, EA; Shankar, RR; Wang, X; Zheng, S, 2016) |
| "After run-in on metformin and basal-bolus insulin (BBI), 102 participants continued metformin and basal insulin and were randomized to exenatide dosing before the two largest meals (glucacon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist and insulin [GLIPULIN group]) or continuation of rapid-acting insulin analogs (BBI group)." | 2.82 | Glucose Variability in a 26-Week Randomized Comparison of Mealtime Treatment With Rapid-Acting Insulin Versus GLP-1 Agonist in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes at High Cardiovascular Risk. ( , 2016) |
| " The proportion of patients reporting ≥1 adverse event was similar across treatment groups, but events consistent with genital infection were more common in patients treated with empagliflozin 10 mg (3." | 2.82 | Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes from Asian countries: pooled data from four phase III trials. ( Crowe, S; Hach, T; Lee, J; Nishimura, R; Salsali, A; Woerle, HJ; Yoon, KH, 2016) |
| " This clinical pharmacology study was designed to investigate the potential glucose-lowering effect or pharmacodynamic (PD), pharmacokinetic (PK), and safety/tolerability interactions between piragliatin and glyburide in T2D patients already taking glyburide but not adequately controlled." | 2.82 | Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Drug Interaction Study of Piragliatin, a Glucokinase Activator, and Glyburide, a Sulfonylurea, in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. ( Georgy, A; Liang, Z; Zhai, S; Zhi, J, 2016) |
| "LixiLan achieved statistically significant reductions to near-normal HbA1c levels with weight loss and no increased hypoglycemic risk, compared with insulin glargine alone, and a low incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin." | 2.82 | Efficacy and Safety of LixiLan, a Titratable Fixed-Ratio Combination of Lixisenatide and Insulin Glargine, Versus Insulin Glargine in Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Metformin Monotherapy: The LixiLan Proof-of-Concept Randomized Trial. ( Aroda, VR; Diamant, M; Fonseca, V; Perfetti, R; Rosenstock, J; Silvestre, L; Souhami, E; Zhou, T, 2016) |
| " Safety outcomes included treatment-emergent adverse events." | 2.82 | Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ipragliflozin in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and inadequate glycemic control with metformin: Results of a phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial. ( Cha, BS; Chuang, LM; Kokubo, S; Lu, CH; Min, KW; Yoshida, S, 2016) |
| " The proportion of patients reporting adverse events was similar between groups." | 2.82 | Efficacy and safety of liraglutide compared to sulphonylurea during Ramadan in patients with type 2 diabetes (LIRA-Ramadan): a randomized trial. ( Al Araj, S; Azar, ST; Berrah, A; Echtay, A; Kaltoft, MS; Mutha, A; Omar, M; Shehadeh, N; Tornøe, K; Wan Bebakar, WM, 2016) |
| " The key secondary endpoints included percentage of patients achieving target HbA1c without adverse gastrointestinal (GI) events and mean change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from baseline to week 24." | 2.82 | Efficacy and safety of combination therapy with vildagliptin and metformin versus metformin uptitration in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy: a randomized, open-label, prospective study (VISION). ( Ji, LN; Li, H; Li, Q; Li, QF; Lu, JM; Pan, CY; Peng, YD; Tian, HM; Wang, BH; Wang, L; Yao, C; Zhao, ZG; Zhu, DL, 2016) |
| "Metformin was titrated to 1500 mg/day or maximum-tolerated dose." | 2.80 | Metformin decreases glycated albumin to glycated haemoglobin ratio in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. ( Deguchi, R; Hirai, K; Kasayama, S; Koga, M; Miki, S; Morita, S; Mukai, K; Nakamura, H; Sato, B; Sumitani, S; Utsu, Y, 2015) |
| "This multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the efficacy and safety of ipragliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, in combination with metformin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 2.80 | Ipragliflozin in combination with metformin for the treatment of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: ILLUMINATE, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. ( Goto, K; Kashiwagi, A; Kazuta, K; Ueyama, E; Utsuno, A; Yoshida, S, 2015) |
| " The insulin dosing algorithm was not sufficient to equalize nocturnal hypoglycaemia between the two insulins." | 2.80 | Modulation of insulin dose titration using a hypoglycaemia-sensitive algorithm: insulin glargine versus neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin in insulin-naïve people with type 2 diabetes. ( Bolli, GB; Candelas, C; Dain, MP; Deerochanawong, C; Home, PD; Landgraf, W; Mathieu, C; Pilorget, V; Riddle, MC, 2015) |
| "To evaluate the efficacy and safety of canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled by metformin or metformin in combination with sulphonylurea." | 2.80 | Canagliflozin in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes on metformin alone or metformin in combination with sulphonylurea. ( Dieu Van, NK; Han, P; Ji, L; Liu, Y; Meininger, G; Qiu, R; Vijapurkar, U; Yang, G, 2015) |
| "To evaluate the efficacy and safety of twice-daily dosing of dapagliflozin and metformin, exploring the feasibility of a fixed-dose combination." | 2.80 | Twice-daily dapagliflozin co-administered with metformin in type 2 diabetes: a 16-week randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. ( Burgess, L; de Bruin, TW; Hamer-Maansson, JE; Hruba, V; Korányi, L; Schumm-Draeger, PM, 2015) |
| "A total of 316 patients, with type 2 diabetes diagnosed for ≤12 months and with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration in the range 8." | 2.80 | Initial combination of linagliptin and metformin compared with linagliptin monotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and marked hyperglycaemia: a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, parallel group, multinational clinical trial. ( Bailes, Z; Caballero, AE; Del Prato, S; Gallwitz, B; Lewis-D'Agostino, D; Patel, S; Ross, SA; Thiemann, S; von Eynatten, M; Woerle, HJ, 2015) |
| "Hypoglycemia was infrequent, with no episodes of major hypoglycemia." | 2.80 | Dual add-on therapy in type 2 diabetes poorly controlled with metformin monotherapy: a randomized double-blind trial of saxagliptin plus dapagliflozin addition versus single addition of saxagliptin or dapagliflozin to metformin. ( Cook, W; Hansen, L; Hirshberg, B; Iqbal, N; Li, Y; Rosenstock, J; Zee, P, 2015) |
| " Changes in HbA1c level, fasting plasma glucose and body weight, as well as adverse events, were assessed over 102 weeks." | 2.80 | Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin monotherapy in people with Type 2 diabetes: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled 102-week trial. ( Bailey, CJ; List, JF; Morales Villegas, EC; Ptaszynska, A; Tang, W; Woo, V, 2015) |
| "Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 analog and glucose-lowering agent whose effects on cardiovascular risk markers have not been fully elucidated." | 2.80 | Liraglutide reduces oxidative stress and restores heme oxygenase-1 and ghrelin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes: a prospective pilot study. ( Abate, N; Banach, M; Barbagallo, I; Chandalia, M; Giglio, RV; Isenovic, ER; Li Volti, G; Marino Gammazza, A; Montalto, G; Nikolic, D; Rizvi, AA; Rizzo, M, 2015) |
| "Metformin has a positive effect on glucose homeostasis during exercise." | 2.80 | The effect of metformin on glucose homeostasis during moderate exercise. ( Dela, F; Hansen, M; Helge, JW; Palsøe, MK, 2015) |
| " The incidence of adverse events was similar between the groups." | 2.80 | Efficacy and safety of teneligliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, combined with metformin in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 16-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial. ( Cha, BY; Chul Jang, HC; Chung, CH; Han, KA; Jang, WI; Kim, KA; Kim, MK; Ku, BJ; Lee, HW; Lee, MK; Park, IB; Park, JY; Park, KS; Rhee, EJ; Woo, AC, 2015) |
| "More patients reported bone fractures in the rosiglitazone group (238, 10." | 2.80 | Cancer and bone fractures in observational follow-up of the RECORD study. ( Curtis, PS; Home, PD; Jones, NP, 2015) |
| " Nine patients in the GG genotype group, five patients in the GT genotype group and four patients in the TT genotype group were randomly selected for the metformin pharmacokinetic study." | 2.80 | Polymorphism of organic cation transporter 2 improves glucose-lowering effect of metformin via influencing its pharmacokinetics in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients. ( Bao, Y; Hou, W; Jia, W; Li, Q; Liu, F; Lu, W; Wan, L; Zhang, D; Zheng, T, 2015) |
| "Linagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor, used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 2.80 | Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Linagliptin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Duval, V; Friedrich, C; Graefe-Mody, U; Jaehde, U; Patel, S; Retlich, S; Staab, A, 2015) |
| "Individuals with type 2 diabetes (n = 44) and glycated hemoglobin ≤ 7." | 2.80 | Effect of vildagliptin on hepatic steatosis. ( Al-Mrabeh, A; Foley, JE; Hollingsworth, KG; Macauley, M; Schweizer, A; Smith, FE; Taylor, R; Thelwall, PE, 2015) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes who were inadequately controlled on twice-daily premixed insulin were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either insulin lispro mix (mix 50 before breakfast and lunch plus mix 25 before dinner) or basal-bolus therapy (insulin glargine at bedtime plus prandial insulin lispro thrice-daily) for 24 weeks." | 2.80 | Comparison of thrice-daily premixed insulin (insulin lispro premix) with basal-bolus (insulin glargine once-daily plus thrice-daily prandial insulin lispro) therapy in east Asian patients with type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled with twice-daily pre ( Ahn, KJ; Bao, Y; Chen, L; Chuang, LM; Gao, F; Ji, Q; Jia, W; Li, P; Pang, C; Tu, Y; Xiao, X; Yang, J, 2015) |
| " Subjects were permitted to discontinue metformin dosing if it became intolerable." | 2.80 | Addition of a Gastrointestinal Microbiome Modulator to Metformin Improves Metformin Tolerance and Fasting Glucose Levels. ( Burton, JH; Greenway, FL; Heiman, ML; Hsia, DS; Johnson, J; Johnson, M, 2015) |
| "Metformin was initiated at 500 mg/day and up-titrated within 2 weeks; the dose then remained unchanged." | 2.80 | Efficacy and safety of linagliptin co-administered with low-dose metformin once daily versus high-dose metformin twice daily in treatment-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind randomized trial. ( Bailes, Z; Ji, J; Ji, L; Patel, S; Seck, T; Thiemann, S; Zinman, B, 2015) |
| "Liraglutide treatment was also associated with a significant improvement in glycated hemoglobin (7." | 2.80 | Effects of Insulin Glargine and Liraglutide Therapy on Liver Fat as Measured by Magnetic Resonance in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Trial. ( Castel, H; Chartrand, G; Chiasson, JL; de Guise, J; Gilbert, G; Julien, AS; Massicotte-Tisluck, K; Olivié, D; Rabasa-Lhoret, R; Soulez, G; Tang, A; Wartelle-Bladou, C, 2015) |
| "The dapagliflozin treatment arm was associated with a mean incremental benefit of 0." | 2.80 | The cost-effectiveness of dapagliflozin versus sulfonylurea as an add-on to metformin in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Bergenheim, K; Callan, L; Charokopou, M; Lister, S; McEwan, P; Postema, R; Roudaut, M; Tolley, K; Townsend, R, 2015) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with a glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level ≥7 and ≤10% were randomized to receive empagliflozin 12." | 2.80 | Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin twice daily versus once daily in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin: a 16-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. ( Broedl, UC; Cescutti, J; Meinicke, T; Ross, S; Thamer, C; Woerle, HJ, 2015) |
| "Metformin, the drug of first choice in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), reduces cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality in part independently of improved glycemic control and changes in traditional risk factors." | 2.80 | Differential associations of circulating asymmetric dimethylarginine and cell adhesion molecules with metformin use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and stable coronary artery disease. ( Chyrchel, B; Golay, A; Kruszelnicka, O; Surdacki, A, 2015) |
| " Changes from baseline in gastric emptying, 24-h plasma glucose profile, HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 24-h ambulatory heart rate and blood pressure, amylase and lipase levels, and adverse events (AEs) were also assessed." | 2.80 | Contrasting Effects of Lixisenatide and Liraglutide on Postprandial Glycemic Control, Gastric Emptying, and Safety Parameters in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes on Optimized Insulin Glargine With or Without Metformin: A Randomized, Open-Label Trial. ( Coester, HV; Delfolie, A; Forst, T; Hincelin-Méry, A; Kapitza, C; Meier, JJ; Menge, BA; Rosenstock, J; Roy-Duval, C, 2015) |
| " Gastrointestinal adverse events were more common with dulaglutide 1." | 2.80 | Safety and efficacy of once-weekly dulaglutide versus sitagliptin after 2 years in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes (AWARD-5): a randomized, phase III study. ( Guerci, B; Milicevic, Z; Nauck, MA; Skrivanek, Z; Umpierrez, G; Weinstock, RS, 2015) |
| "Glucose-lowering treatment options for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with chronic kidney disease are limited." | 2.80 | Combination of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin with insulin-based regimens in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. ( Crowe, S; McGill, JB; von Eynatten, M; Woerle, HJ; Yki-Järvinen, H, 2015) |
| "4." | 2.80 | Altered volume, morphology and composition of the pancreas in type 2 diabetes. ( Hollingsworth, KG; Macauley, M; Percival, K; Taylor, R; Thelwall, PE, 2015) |
| " Overall adverse event (AE) rates and serious AE rates were similar between groups." | 2.80 | Efficacy and safety of avandamet or uptitrated metformin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. ( Cai, XL; Chen, YL; Gu, W; Hong, TP; Ji, LN; Li, CJ; Qiu, MC; Shan, ZY; Tian, HM; Xue, YM; Yang, HZ; Yang, JK; Zhao, JJ, 2015) |
| " Overall, all treatments were well tolerated and no new adverse events or tolerability issues were observed for IDegLira." | 2.80 | One-year efficacy and safety of a fixed combination of insulin degludec and liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes: results of a 26-week extension to a 26-week main trial. ( Bode, BW; Buse, JB; Gough, SC; Linjawi, S; Reiter, PD; Rodbard, HW; Woo, VC; Zacho, M, 2015) |
| "A total of 220 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients were recruited, genotyped and divided into three groups by SLC47A1 genotypes (G/G, G/A, A/A)." | 2.80 | SLC47A1 gene rs2289669 G>A variants enhance the glucose-lowering effect of metformin via delaying its excretion in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients. ( He, R; Jia, W; Liu, F; Lu, W; Wan, L; Zhang, D; Zheng, T, 2015) |
| "In people with Type 2 diabetes, empagliflozin 10 mg and 25 mg given as add-on to metformin for 76 weeks were well tolerated and led to sustained reductions in HbA1c , weight and systolic blood pressure." | 2.80 | Empagliflozin as add-on to metformin in people with Type 2 diabetes. ( Broedl, UC; Christiansen, AV; Häring, HU; Kim, G; Meinicke, T; Merker, L; Roux, F; Salsali, A; Woerle, HJ, 2015) |
| "People with insulin-requiring type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk were enrolled during a run-in period on basal-bolus insulin (BBI), and 102 were randomized to continued BBI or to basal insulin with a prandial GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLIPULIN) group, each seeking to maintain HbA(1c) levels between 6." | 2.80 | Design of FLAT-SUGAR: Randomized Trial of Prandial Insulin Versus Prandial GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Together With Basal Insulin and Metformin for High-Risk Type 2 Diabetes. ( Bergenstal, R; Branch, KR; Davis, B; Hirsch, I; Khakpour, D; Kingry, C; O'Brien, K; Pressel, S; Probstfield, JL; Riddle, M, 2015) |
| "Metformin plays an important role in diabetes treatment." | 2.80 | The Efficacy and Safety of Chinese Herbal Medicine Jinlida as Add-On Medication in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Ineffectively Managed by Metformin Monotherapy: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Trial. ( Chen, X; Guo, J; Li, Z; Lian, F; Ma, L; Piao, C; Tian, J; Tong, X; Wang, CZ; Xia, C; Yuan, CS; Zhao, L, 2015) |
| "The DARE study shows that, in type 2 diabetes, good glycemic control during CR is an independent factor associated with gain in VO2 peak." | 2.80 | Influence of glycemic control on gain in VO2 peak, in patients with type 2 diabetes enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation after an acute coronary syndrome. The prospective DARE study. ( Bertrand, JH; Catargi, B; Douard, H; Feige, JM; Fischbach, M; Iliou, MC; Patois-Vergès, B; Simoneau-Robin, I; Vergès, B, 2015) |
| " No acute adverse events (AEs) were associated with infusion." | 2.80 | Allogeneic Mesenchymal Precursor Cells in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Escalation Safety and Tolerability Pilot Study. ( Fonseca, VA; Rosenstock, J; Segal, KR; Skyler, JS, 2015) |
| "Metformin treatment had no substantial influence on tofogliflozin efficacy." | 2.80 | A novel and selective sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, tofogliflozin, improves glycaemic control and lowers body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Beck, A; Beyer, U; Boerlin, V; Christ, AD; Ciorciaro, C; Cynshi, O; Ikeda, S; Kadowaki, T; Meyer, M; Takano, Y; Tanaka, R, 2015) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using sulphonylurea and metformin received dapagliflozin 10 mg/day or placebo added to therapy for 52 weeks (24-week randomized, double-blind period plus 28-week double-blind extension)." | 2.80 | Durability and tolerability of dapagliflozin over 52 weeks as add-on to metformin and sulphonylurea in type 2 diabetes. ( Bowering, K; Johnsson, E; Matthaei, S; Parikh, S; Rohwedder, K; Sugg, J, 2015) |
| "Treatment with dapagliflozin add-on to saxagliptin plus metformin resulted in a greater mean HbA1c reduction than placebo (-0." | 2.80 | Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 3 Trial of Triple Therapy With Dapagliflozin Add-on to Saxagliptin Plus Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes. ( Chen, H; Cook, W; Ekholm, E; Hansen, L; Hirshberg, B; Iqbal, N; Li, D; Mathieu, C; Ranetti, AE, 2015) |
| " (5) No significant differences were observed in hypoglycemic episodes and adverse events between two groups." | 2.80 | [The efficacy and safety of human glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue liraglutide in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes with glycosylated hemoglobin A1c > 9]. ( Chen, C; Chen, P; Huang, Q; Shao, Z; Wang, S; Xu, X; Yan, L, 2015) |
| "Data of 9 108 patients with type 2 diabetes from 129 German diabetes centers were assessed by a standardized, prospective, computer-based diabetes care and outcome documentation system (DPV-Wiss-database; age 63." | 2.80 | Gender-specific Effects of Treatment with Lifestyle, Metformin or Sulfonylurea on Glycemic Control and Body Weight: A German Multicenter Analysis on 9 108 Patients. ( Holl, RW; Hood, R; Hummel, M; Schütt, M; Seufert, J; Siegel, E; Tytko, A; Zimmermann, A, 2015) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes failing metformin were randomized to add-on exenatide twice daily (n = 515) or glimepiride (n = 514) until treatment failure defined by hemoglobin A1C." | 2.80 | Long-term changes in cardiovascular risk markers during administration of exenatide twice daily or glimepiride: results from the European exenatide study. ( Dotta, F; Festa, A; Gallwitz, B; Guerci, B; Kiljański, J; Rosas-Guzmàn, J; Schernthaner, G; Simó, R; Zhou, M, 2015) |
| "Metformin treatment is not associated with reductions in hepcidin but hypocaloric diet could be involved." | 2.80 | Circulating hepcidin in type 2 diabetes: A multivariate analysis and double blind evaluation of metformin effects. ( Aguilar-de Plata, C; Arbeláez, A; Esteve, E; Fernández-Real, JM; Moreno, M; Moreno-Navarrete, JM; Mosquera, M; Ricart, W; Suárez-Ortegón, MF; Xifra, G, 2015) |
| "Identifying youth with type 2 diabetes at risk for rapid loss of glycemic control would allow more targeted therapy." | 2.80 | HbA1c After a Short Period of Monotherapy With Metformin Identifies Durable Glycemic Control Among Adolescents With Type 2 Diabetes. ( Copeland, KC; El Ghormli, L; Hirst, K; Levitsky, LL; Levitt Katz, L; Linder, B; McGuigan, P; White, NH; Wilfley, D; Zeitler, P, 2015) |
| "Fifty-three patients with type 2 diabetes who were taking stable dosages of metformin 850 mg 3 times/day and vildagliptin 50 mg twice/day for at least 3 months and who were not adequately controlled with these therapies." | 2.80 | Effect of Acarbose on Glycemic Variability in Patients with Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Receiving Stable Background Therapy: A Placebo-Controlled Trial. ( D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Franzetti, I; Maffioli, P; Querci, F, 2015) |
| " The percentage of subjects who experienced all adverse events including hypoglycemia with alogliptin were comparable to those with placebo." | 2.80 | [Efficacy and safety of alogliptin in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III clinical trial in mainland China]. ( Bu, R; Gu, W; Han, P; Ji, Q; Jiang, Z; Lei, M; Li, C; Li, L; Li, W; Li, X; Li, Z; Liu, J; Liu, X; Liu, Y; Liu, Z; Lu, J; Lyu, X; Pan, C; Peng, Y; Qu, S; Shi, B; Song, Q; Xu, X; Xue, Y; Yan, L; Yang, J; Zeng, J; Zheng, B, 2015) |
| "79-fold increases in steady-state metformin Cmax and AUCtau , respectively; co-administration of ranolazine 500 mg BID with metformin 1000 mg BID resulted in 1." | 2.80 | Pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction study of ranolazine and metformin in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Allard, M; Ben-Yehuda, O; Berg, J; Gottwald, M; Jochelson, P; Juan, A; Pannacciulli, N; Shao, Y; Zack, J; Zhang, H, 2015) |
| "Participants with moderate or severe COPD, BMI > 25 kg/m(2), and type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance took metformin twice daily for 6 months." | 2.79 | Respiratory effects of insulin sensitisation with metformin: a prospective observational study. ( Kolbe, J; Metcalf, P; Sexton, P, 2014) |
| "We compared cancer risk among the subjects who had no diabetes, had type 2 diabetes but were not on diabetes drugs, used metformin only, used antidiabetic drugs other than metformin, or used metformin in combination with other antidiabetic drugs." | 2.79 | Effects of metformin dose on cancer risk reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 6-year follow-up study. ( Cheng, HW; Kachingwe, BH; Lin, HC; Lin, HL; Uang, YS; Wang, LH, 2014) |
| " Adverse events (AEs) were evaluated throughout 104 weeks." | 2.79 | Dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving high doses of insulin: efficacy and safety over 2 years. ( Parikh, S; Rohwedder, K; Sugg, J; Wilding, JP; Woo, V, 2014) |
| "A total of 390 patients with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin were included." | 2.79 | Long-term effects of metformin on endothelial function in type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. ( Bets, D; de Jager, J; Donker, AJ; Kooy, A; Lehert, P; Schalkwijk, C; Stehouwer, CD; van der Kolk, J; Wulffelé, MG, 2014) |
| " At week 24, adverse events were reported by 67." | 2.79 | Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once daily vs. placebo in people with Type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on metformin (GetGoal-F1). ( Boka, G; Bolli, GB; Dotsenko, S; Hanefeld, M; Munteanu, M; Niemoeller, E; Wu, Y, 2014) |
| "Metformin is an antidiabetic drug with beneficial cardiovascular disease effects in diabetes." | 2.79 | Metformin, but not rosiglitazone, attenuates the increasing plasma levels of a new cardiovascular marker, fibulin-1, in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Argraves, WS; Cangemi, C; Christensen, MM; Gram, J; Grodum, E; Henriksen, JE; Rasmussen, LM; Skov, V; Sørensen, D, 2014) |
| " Safety and tolerability assessments included adverse events (AEs), hypoglycaemia and body weight." | 2.79 | A randomized controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of saxagliptin as add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycaemic control on metformin plus a sulphonylurea. ( Brook, D; Fisher, SA; Kalra, S; Montanaro, M; Monyak, J; Moses, RG; Sockler, J; Visvanathan, J, 2014) |
| "0 pmol/kg/min (pkm) and placebo, given by continuous subcutaneous infusion over 3 months in combination with metformin and sulphonylurea (SU), to lower haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose and weight in 95 type 2 diabetes patients with inadequate glycaemic control." | 2.79 | Dose response of continuous subcutaneous infusion of recombinant glucagon-like peptide-1 in combination with metformin and sulphonylurea over 12 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Ehlers, MR; Holst, JJ; Torekov, SS, 2014) |
| "Treatment with SRT2104 did not lead to any consistent, dose-related changes in glucose or insulin." | 2.79 | A phase II, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multi-dose study of SRT2104, a SIRT1 activator, in subjects with type 2 diabetes. ( Baksi, A; Elliott, P; Haddad, J; Hoffmann, E; Jacobson, EW; Kraydashenko, O; Stets, R; Vlasuk, GP; Zalevkaya, A, 2014) |
| "Dapagliflozin treatment induced glucosuria and markedly lowered fasting plasma glucose." | 2.79 | Dapagliflozin improves muscle insulin sensitivity but enhances endogenous glucose production. ( Abdul-Ghani, MA; Daniele, G; DeFronzo, RA; Eldor, R; Fiorentino, TV; Merovci, A; Norton, L; Perez, Z; Solis-Herrera, C; Tripathy, D; Xiong, J, 2014) |
| "Insulin degludec (IDeg) is a new basal insulin with an ultra-long and stable glucose-lowering effect." | 2.79 | Health status and hypoglycaemia with insulin degludec versus insulin glargine: a 2-year trial in insulin-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Cariou, B; Handelsman, Y; Mathieu, C; Rana, A; Rodbard, HW; Wolden, ML; Zinman, B, 2014) |
| " Overall adverse event (AE) incidence over 52 weeks was 69." | 2.79 | Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin over 52 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes on background metformin and pioglitazone. ( Forst, T; Goldenberg, R; Guthrie, R; Meininger, G; Stein, P; Vijapurkar, U; Yee, J, 2014) |
| "The primary outcome measure (cancer substudy) was the occurrence of any new or recurrent adjudicated cancer." | 2.79 | The association of basal insulin glargine and/or n-3 fatty acids with incident cancers in patients with dysglycemia. ( Birkeland, KI; Bordeleau, L; Bosch, J; Chang Yu, P; Dagenais, GR; Gerstein, HC; Keltai, M; Marin-Neto, JA; Pirags, V; Probstfield, J; Ratner, RE; Riddle, MC; Rosenstock, J; Ryden, LE; Spinas, GA; Yakubovich, N; Yusuf, S, 2014) |
| "Treatment with canagliflozin for 6 to 12 months improved model-based measures of beta cell function in three separate Phase 3 studies." | 2.79 | Canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, improves model-based indices of beta cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Ferrannini, E; Mari, A; Polidori, D, 2014) |
| "People with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes (n = 99) were randomly assigned on a 1∶1∶1 basis to receive insulin glargin, with fixed doses of glimepiride, metformin, and glimepiride plus metformin." | 2.79 | Comparison between the therapeutic effect of metformin, glimepiride and their combination as an add-on treatment to insulin glargine in uncontrolled patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Chon, S; Kang, JG; Lee, CB; Noh, J; Oh, SJ; Park, CY; Park, SW, 2014) |
| "In Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus insufficiently controlled on metformin ± sulfonylurea, lixisenatide significantly improved glycaemic control and was well tolerated during the 24-week study." | 2.79 | Lixisenatide treatment improves glycaemic control in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin with or without sulfonylurea: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 24-week trial (GetGoal-M-Asia). ( Feng, P; Han, P; Jin Kui, Y; Liu, X; Lv, X; Niemoeller, E; Shang, S; Su, B; Tian, H; Yan, S; Yu Pan, C; Zhou, Z, 2014) |
| "These observations indicate that in type 2 diabetes, 1) the capacity of endogenous GIP to lower blood glucose is impaired; 2) the effect of DPP-4 inhibition on glycemia is likely to depend on adequate endogenous GLP-1 release, requiring gastric emptying >2 kcal/min; and 3) the action of metformin to lower blood glucose is not predominantly by way of the incretin axis." | 2.79 | Effects of sitagliptin on glycemia, incretin hormones, and antropyloroduodenal motility in response to intraduodenal glucose infusion in healthy lean and obese humans and patients with type 2 diabetes treated with or without metformin. ( Bound, MJ; Checklin, H; Deacon, CF; Horowitz, M; Jones, KL; Ma, J; Rayner, CK; Wu, T, 2014) |
| "At the time of diagnosis, almost 80% of pancreatic cancer patients present with new-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) or impaired glucose tolerance." | 2.79 | Tumour-educated macrophages display a mixed polarisation and enhance pancreatic cancer cell invasion. ( Andersson, R; Karnevi, E; Rosendahl, AH, 2014) |
| " Sitagliptin increased active GLP-1, but caused a profound suppression of total PYY, GLP-1, and GIP when dosed alone or with GSK263." | 2.79 | Gut hormone pharmacology of a novel GPR119 agonist (GSK1292263), metformin, and sitagliptin in type 2 diabetes mellitus: results from two randomized studies. ( Apseloff, G; Atiee, G; Bush, MA; Collins, DA; Corsino, L; Feldman, PL; Gillmor, D; McMullen, SL; Morrow, L; Nunez, DJ, 2014) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasingly diagnosed in obese children and adolescents." | 2.79 | Youth-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus: lessons learned from the TODAY study. ( Narasimhan, S; Weinstock, RS, 2014) |
| "In patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on once-daily basal insulin glargine and metformin and/or pioglitazone, intensification with LM25 was superior to a basal-prandial approach in terms of reduction in HbA1c after 24 weeks and did not increase hypoglycaemia episodes." | 2.79 | Insulin lispro low mixture twice daily versus basal insulin glargine once daily and prandial insulin lispro once daily in patients with type 2 diabetes requiring insulin intensification: a randomized phase IV trial. ( Cleall, S; Gross, JL; Onaca, A; Rodríguez, A; Tinahones, FJ, 2014) |
| " The most common gastrointestinal treatment-emergent adverse events in dulaglutide 1." | 2.79 | Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide versus sitagliptin after 52 weeks in type 2 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial (AWARD-5). ( Guerci, B; Milicevic, Z; Nauck, M; Skrivanek, Z; Umpierrez, GE; Weinstock, RS, 2014) |
| "Both repaglinide and metformin were effective in glycaemic control in new onset patients with type 2 diabetes in China." | 2.79 | Comparison of metformin and repaglinide monotherapy in the treatment of new onset type 2 diabetes mellitus in China. ( Liao, Y; Liu, LY; Liu, W; Ma, J; Tao, T; Wu, PH, 2014) |
| " Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values, fasting and postprandial blood glucose (FBG and P2BG), body weight, body mass index (BMI), episodes of hypoglycemia and adverse events were evaluated." | 2.79 | Efficacy and safety comparison of add-on therapy with liraglutide, saxagliptin and vildagliptin, all in combination with current conventional oral hypoglycemic agents therapy in poorly controlled Chinese type 2 diabetes. ( Ding, M; Li, CJ; Liu, XJ; Yu, DM; Yu, P; Yu, Q; Zhang, QM, 2014) |
| " Over 52 weeks, nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting were the most common adverse events; incidences were similar between dulaglutide and metformin." | 2.79 | Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide monotherapy versus metformin in type 2 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial (AWARD-3). ( Pechtner, V; Pérez Manghi, F; Shurzinske, L; Tofé Povedano, S; Umpierrez, G, 2014) |
| "Approximately 2000 people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus who were drug-naive or who were treated with metformin for less than 1 month, and who have HbA1c of 48-58 mmol/mol (6." | 2.79 | Study to determine the durability of glycaemic control with early treatment with a vildagliptin-metformin combination regimen vs. standard-of-care metformin monotherapy-the VERIFY trial: a randomized double-blind trial. ( Del Prato, S; Foley, JE; Kothny, W; Kozlovski, P; Matthews, DR; Paldánius, PM; Stumvoll, M, 2014) |
| " The most common gastrointestinal adverse events for dulaglutide were nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea." | 2.79 | Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide added onto pioglitazone and metformin versus exenatide in type 2 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial (AWARD-1). ( Arakaki, R; Atisso, C; Blevins, T; Colon, G; Garcia, P; Kuhstoss, D; Lakshmanan, M; Wysham, C, 2014) |
| " Rates of serious adverse events in the albiglutide group were similar to comparison groups." | 2.79 | HARMONY 3: 104-week randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled trial assessing the efficacy and safety of albiglutide compared with placebo, sitagliptin, and glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes taking metformin. ( Ahrén, B; Cirkel, DT; Feinglos, MN; Johnson, SL; Perry, C; Stewart, M; Yang, F, 2014) |
| " Pharmacodynamic parameters were assessed at baseline and at weeks 1 and 12." | 2.79 | Effect of the sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor canagliflozin on plasma volume in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Farrell, K; Heise, T; Natarajan, J; Plum-Mörschel, L; Polidori, D; Rothenberg, P; Sha, S; Sica, D; Wang, SS, 2014) |
| "Patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes receiving metformin (≥1500 mg/day), aged 18 years or older, with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) 7·0% or greater (≥53 mmol/mol) and 10·0% or lower (≤86 mmol/mol), and body-mass index 45 kg/m(2) or lower were randomly assigned to receive once-weekly dulaglutide (1·5 mg) or once-daily liraglutide (1·8 mg)." | 2.79 | Once-weekly dulaglutide versus once-daily liraglutide in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes (AWARD-6): a randomised, open-label, phase 3, non-inferiority trial. ( Atisso, C; Dungan, KM; Fahrbach, JL; Forst, T; González, JG; Povedano, ST; Sealls, W, 2014) |
| "Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) more than doubles the risk of death compared with otherwise matched glucose tolerant patients." | 2.79 | Adding liraglutide to the backbone therapy of biguanide in patients with coronary artery disease and newly diagnosed type-2 diabetes (the AddHope2 study): a randomised controlled study protocol. ( Anholm, C; Haugaard, SB; Klit, MS; Kristiansen, OP; Kumarathurai, P; Ladelund, S; Madsbad, S; Nielsen, OW; Sajadieh, A, 2014) |
| "Seventy patients with type 2 diabetes, inadequately controlled despite on-going treatment with metformin 500 mg/day, were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial." | 2.79 | Metformin reduces circulating malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Ban, N; Kawana, H; Murano, T; Nagayama, D; Nagumo, A; Ohira, M; Saiki, A; Shirai, K; Tatsuno, I; Yamaguchi, T, 2014) |
| "Canagliflozin is a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor approved for treating patients with type 2 diabetes." | 2.79 | Canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, reduces post-meal glucose excursion in patients with type 2 diabetes by a non-renal mechanism: results of a randomized trial. ( Artis, E; Berg, JK; Devineni, D; Morrow, L; Polidori, D; Rusch, S; Stein, P; Vaccaro, N, 2014) |
| "To show that albiglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, is an effective and generally safe treatment to improve glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus whose hyperglycaemia is inadequately controlled with pioglitazone (with or without metformin)." | 2.79 | Efficacy and safety of once-weekly glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist albiglutide (HARMONY 1 trial): 52-week primary endpoint results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus not controlled ( Bode, BW; Cirkel, DT; Perkins, CM; Perry, CR; Reinhardt, RR; Reusch, J; Stewart, MW; Ye, J, 2014) |
| "Metformin was reported to increase plasma intact glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations in type 2 diabetes." | 2.79 | Mechanism of increase in plasma intact GLP-1 by metformin in type 2 diabetes: stimulation of GLP-1 secretion or reduction in plasma DPP-4 activity? ( Bound, MJ; Horowitz, M; Jones, KL; Rayner, CK; Thazhath, SS; Wu, T, 2014) |
| "Patients aged ≥18 years with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin (±sulfonylurea) for at least 3 months with a baseline HbA1c 7." | 2.79 | HARMONY 4: randomised clinical trial comparing once-weekly albiglutide and insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin with or without sulfonylurea. ( Carr, MC; Cirkel, DT; Perry, C; Pratley, R; Stewart, M; Weissman, PN; Ye, J, 2014) |
| " Here, we aimed to assess the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic characteristics, including the effect on hsCRP, of canakinumab in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after a 2-hour single-dose intravenous infusion." | 2.79 | Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of single-dose Canakinumab in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Howard, C; Noe, A; Skerjanec, A; Taylor, A; Thuren, T, 2014) |
| " Adverse events (AE) and hypoglycemia were monitored." | 2.79 | Saxagliptin efficacy and safety in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus stratified by cardiovascular disease history and cardiovascular risk factors: analysis of 3 clinical trials. ( Bryzinski, B; Cook, W; Hirshberg, B; Minervini, G, 2014) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes are at increased susceptibility to a prolonged QT interval." | 2.79 | Lack of the QTc physiologic decrease during cardiac stress test in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with secretagogues. ( Amato, S; Baiocco, E; Curione, M; Di Bona, S; Gatti, A; Mandosi, E; Morano, S; Rossetti, M; Salvatore, S; Tarquini, G; Turinese, I; Varrenti, M, 2014) |
| "Management of type 2 diabetes with metformin often does not provide adequate glycemic control, thereby necessitating add-on treatment." | 2.78 | Dapagliflozin add-on to metformin in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 102-week trial. ( Bailey, CJ; Gross, JL; Hennicken, D; Iqbal, N; List, JF; Mansfield, TA, 2013) |
| "We recruited 25 patients with type 1 diabetes (mean age 51 ± 10 years, mean disease duration 26 ± 13 years) and 31 insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients (mean age 66 ± 8 years, mean disease duration 19 ± 9 years), who received sitagliptin with metformin as a fixed-dose combination (50/1000 mg once or twice daily) or sitagliptin (100 mg once daily, if intolerant to metformin) in addition to ongoing insulin therapy for 46 ± 19 weeks and 56 ± 14 weeks, respectively." | 2.78 | Sitagliptin as add-on therapy in insulin deficiency: biomarkers of therapeutic efficacy respond differently in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. ( Bartola, LD; Giampietro, C; Giampietro, O; Masoni, MC; Matteucci, E, 2013) |
| "Forty human subjects with confirmed type 2 diabetes (10 each in 4 groups: placebo/no medication, Emulin/no medication, placebo/metformin and Emulin/metformin) were evaluated." | 2.78 | Effect of emulin on blood glucose in type 2 diabetics. ( Ahrens, MJ; Thompson, DL, 2013) |
| "Postmenopausal status and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are independent risk factors for fractures." | 2.78 | Rosiglitazone decreases bone mineral density and increases bone turnover in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Bilezikian, JP; Cobitz, AR; Eastell, R; Fitzpatrick, LA; Josse, RG; Kravitz, BG; Lewiecki, EM; Miller, CG; Nino, AJ; Northcutt, AR; Paul, G; Wooddell, M, 2013) |
| "In patients with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycaemic control, treatment with Xiaoke Pill led to significant reduction in risk of hypoglycemia and similar improvements in glycemic control after 48 weeks compared to Glibenclamide." | 2.78 | Efficacy and safety of traditional chinese medicine for diabetes: a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. ( Chen, Y; Gao, Y; Guo, X; Ji, L; Li, H; Li, Q; Li, Y; Liu, M; Ning, G; Paul, S; Tian, H; Tong, X; Wang, H; Wang, Y; Yang, G; Yang, H; Zhang, L; Zhang, Z; Zhou, H; Zhou, Z, 2013) |
| "These data suggest that normal-weight type 2 diabetes patients would derive the same benefits from first-line treatment with metformin as overweight and obese patients, and are not at increased risk of excess weight loss." | 2.78 | Impact of baseline BMI on glycemic control and weight change with metformin monotherapy in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients: phase IV open-label trial. ( Guo, X; Hu, R; Ji, L; Li, H; Li, Y; Zhu, Z, 2013) |
| "Eligible patients, who had type 2 diabetes controlled by diet or metformin, were each studied on two occasions in a hospital setting." | 2.78 | A randomised trial of enteric-coated nutrient pellets to stimulate gastrointestinal peptide release and lower glycaemia in type 2 diabetes. ( Checklin, HL; Horowitz, M; Jones, KL; Ma, J; Meyer, JH; Rayner, CK; Stevens, JE; Wishart, JM, 2013) |
| " The aims of this study were to investigate factors influencing the pharmacokinetic variability, including variant transporters, between healthy subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to simulate doses of metformin at varying stages of renal function." | 2.78 | Population pharmacokinetics of metformin in healthy subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: simulation of doses according to renal function. ( Arora, M; Day, RO; Duong, JK; Furlong, TJ; Graham, GG; Greenfield, JR; Greenup, LC; Kirkpatrick, CM; Kumar, SS; Lee, TC; Timmins, P; Williams, KM, 2013) |
| "Fifty-six type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who had been treated with 50 mg of sitagliptin, ≥ 1,000 mg of metformin, and ≤ 1 mg of glimepiride with an HbA1c level of <7." | 2.78 | Glimepiride strongly enhances the glucose-lowering effect in triple oral antidiabetes therapy with sitagliptin and metformin for Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Arai, K; Hirao, K; Hirao, S; Hirao, T; Maeda, H; Sirabe, S; Yamamoto, R; Yamauchi, M, 2013) |
| "Pioglitazone-treated patients showed a significant increase in HDL-C compared to placebo group (6." | 2.78 | Pioglitazone Randomised Italian Study on Metabolic Syndrome (PRISMA): effect of pioglitazone with metformin on HDL-C levels in Type 2 diabetic patients. ( Bravi, F; Brunetti, P; Chinea, B; Comaschi, M; Cucinotta, D; Di Pietro, C; Egan, CG; Genovese, S; Passaro, A, 2013) |
| "Pioglitazone was more effective than glibenclamide in improving inflammation and hepatic steatosis indices." | 2.78 | Ultrasonography modifications of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue after pioglitazone or glibenclamide therapy combined with rosuvastatin in type 2 diabetic patients not well controlled by metformin. ( D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Fogari, E; Maffioli, P; Perrone, T, 2013) |
| " Rates of adverse events were 69." | 2.78 | Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once-daily morning or evening injections in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin (GetGoal-M). ( Ahrén, B; Aronson, R; Leguizamo Dimas, A; Miossec, P; Saubadu, S, 2013) |
| "We randomized 16 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to four 6-week treatments with placebo (P), M, S, and M+S." | 2.78 | Mechanisms of glucose lowering of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin when used alone or with metformin in type 2 diabetes: a double-tracer study. ( Adams, J; Cersosimo, E; DeFronzo, RA; Garduno-Garcia, Jde J; Solis-Herrera, C; Triplitt, C, 2013) |
| "The following patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited for the study: those aged 18-79 years, on a stable dose of metformin monotherapy ≥1,500 mg/day for ≥12 weeks, with an HbA1c ≥7." | 2.78 | Efficacy and safety over 26 weeks of an oral treatment strategy including sitagliptin compared with an injectable treatment strategy with liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin: a randomised clinical tri ( Charbonnel, B; Davies, MJ; Engel, SS; Eymard, E; Prabhu, V; Steinberg, H; Thakkar, P; Xu, L, 2013) |
| " Overall, lixisenatide once daily was well tolerated, with a similar proportion of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and serious TEAEs between groups (lixisenatide: 72." | 2.78 | Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once daily versus placebo in type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on pioglitazone (GetGoal-P). ( Aronson, R; Goldenberg, R; Guo, H; Muehlen-Bartmer, I; Niemoeller, E; Pinget, M, 2013) |
| " Concomitant administration of metformin and RE was well tolerated with minimal hypoglycemia, no serious adverse events, and no increase in lactic acid." | 2.78 | Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of remogliflozin etabonate, a novel SGLT2 inhibitor, and metformin when co-administered in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Dobbins, RL; Hussey, EK; James, CD; Kapur, A; O'Connor-Semmes, R; Polli, JW; Rafferty, B; Tao, W, 2013) |
| " Overall adverse event (AE) rates with linagliptin and placebo including background medication were similar (38." | 2.78 | Efficacy and safety of linagliptin added to metformin and sulphonylurea in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: a sub-analysis of data from a randomised clinical trial. ( Gong, Y; Tong, N; Woerle, HJ; Yan, S; Yang, JK; Zeng, Z; Zhang, X, 2013) |
| "The epidemic of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) threatens to become the major public health problem of this century." | 2.78 | Rationale and design of the glycemia reduction approaches in diabetes: a comparative effectiveness study (GRADE). ( Buse, JB; Kahn, SE; Krause-Steinrauf, H; Lachin, JM; Larkin, ME; Nathan, DM; Staten, M; Wexler, D, 2013) |
| " Incidence of adverse events (AEs) was similar for lixisenatide and exenatide, as was incidence of serious AEs (2." | 2.78 | Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once daily versus exenatide twice daily in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin: a 24-week, randomized, open-label, active-controlled study (GetGoal-X). ( Boka, G; Gerich, JE; Korányi, L; Maffei, L; Miossec, P; Raccah, D; Rosenstock, J, 2013) |
| "The Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) trial showed superiority of metformin plus rosiglitazone (M+R) over metformin alone (M), with metformin plus lifestyle (M+L) intermediate in maintaining glycemic control." | 2.78 | Treatment effects on measures of body composition in the TODAY clinical trial. ( , 2013) |
| " The TODAY clinical trial assessed severe adverse events (SAEs) and targeted nonsevere adverse events (AEs) before and after treatment failure, which was the primary outcome (PO)." | 2.78 | Safety and tolerability of the treatment of youth-onset type 2 diabetes: the TODAY experience. ( , 2013) |
| " Safety was assessed by adverse events, hypoglycemia, and body weight." | 2.78 | Saxagliptin efficacy and safety in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease history or cardiovascular risk factors: results of a pooled analysis of phase 3 clinical trials. ( Allen, E; Bryzinski, B; Cook, W; Frederich, R; Slater, J, 2013) |
| "116 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly divided into control group and observation group from Aug." | 2.78 | [Clinical efficacy of special effect san xiao decoction on type 2 diabetes mellitus]. ( Chang, HJ; Li, ZQ; Sang, WF, 2013) |
| "Vildagliptin treatment was associated with less fluctuation of glucose levels than glimepiride treatment as assessed by 24-h CGM device, suggesting vildagliptin may have the potential to offer long-term beneficial effects for patients with T2DM in preventing the development of complications of diabetes." | 2.78 | Differential effects of vildagliptin and glimepiride on glucose fluctuations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus assessed using continuous glucose monitoring. ( Forst, T; Foteinos, G; He, YL; Kulmatycki, K; Mattapalli, D; Neelakantham, S; Taylor, A, 2013) |
| "Rosiglitazone treatment led to an improvement in glycemic control and to an increase in paraoxonase activity and HDL-C levels." | 2.78 | Effects of rosiglitazone on serum paraoxonase activity and metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Atamer, A; Atamer, Y; Can, AS; Hekimoğlu, A; Ilhan, N; Koçyiğit, Y; Yenice, N, 2013) |
| " Most adverse events were mild or moderate, with slightly greater frequency of upper respiratory infections with saxagliptin." | 2.78 | Long-term 4-year safety of saxagliptin in drug-naive and metformin-treated patients with Type 2 diabetes. ( Aguilar-Salinas, C; Berglind, N; Fleming, D; Gross, JL; Hissa, M; Ravichandran, S; Rosenstock, J, 2013) |
| "Insulin degludec (IDeg) is a new basal insulin in development with a flat, ultra-long action profile that may permit dosing using a simplified titration algorithm with less frequent self-measured blood glucose (SMBG) measurements and more simplified titration steps than currently available basal insulins." | 2.78 | Insulin degludec once-daily in type 2 diabetes: simple or step-wise titration (BEGIN: once simple use). ( Brod, M; Niemeyer, M; Ocampo Francisco, AM; Philis-Tsimikas, A; Rothman, J, 2013) |
| " 39 (8%) patients had serious adverse events in the glimepiride group versus 24 (5%) in the canagliflozin 100 mg group and 26 (5%) in the 300 mg group." | 2.78 | Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin versus glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin (CANTATA-SU): 52 week results from a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 non-inferiority trial. ( Arias, P; Balis, DA; Canovatchel, W; Cefalu, WT; Leiter, LA; Meininger, G; Niskanen, L; Xie, J; Yoon, KH, 2013) |
| " Frequency of adverse events was generally similar with empagliflozin (29." | 2.78 | Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin, a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, as add-on to metformin in type 2 diabetes with mild hyperglycaemia. ( Hach, T; Hantel, S; Jelaska, A; Pinnetti, S; Rosenstock, J; Seman, LJ; Woerle, HJ, 2013) |
| " During the 52-week study period, the proportion of patients reporting ≥1 adverse event (AE) was 66." | 2.78 | Saxagliptin add-on therapy to insulin with or without metformin for type 2 diabetes mellitus: 52-week safety and efficacy. ( Barnett, AH; Charbonnel, B; Donovan, M; Fleming, D; Iqbal, N; Li, J, 2013) |
| " A randomized controlled trial was conducted to investigate whether CSII in combination with rosiglitazone, metformin, or α-lipoic acid separately brings about extra benefits." | 2.78 | Short-term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion combined with insulin sensitizers rosiglitazone, metformin, or antioxidant α-lipoic acid in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Chen, A; Deng, W; Fang, D; Huang, Z; Li, H; Li, Y; Liu, J; Liu, L; Wan, X; Wei, G, 2013) |
| "Empagliflozin is a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor in development for the treatment of T2DM." | 2.78 | Rationale, design and baseline characteristics of a 4-year (208-week) phase III trial of empagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, versus glimepiride as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with insufficient glycemic control. ( Broedl, UC; Kim, G; Ridderstråle, M; Svaerd, R; Woerle, HJ; Zeller, C, 2013) |
| "When treatment with metformin alone is not adequate for obtaining glycemic control, the addition of sitagliptin can be considered due to its actions in preserving the β-cell function and reducing the levels of biomarkers of inflammation." | 2.78 | Variations in inflammatory biomarkers following the addition of sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes not controlled with metformin. ( Carbone, A; Cicero, AF; D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Fogari, E; Maffioli, P; Querci, F, 2013) |
| " Adverse event rates were similar between groups, with most events being mild or moderate, and the incidence of investigator-defined hypoglycaemia was low, with no severe events." | 2.78 | Initial combination of linagliptin and metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: efficacy and safety in a randomised, double-blind 1-year extension study. ( Haak, T; Jones, R; Meinicke, T; von Eynatten, M; Weber, S; Woerle, HJ, 2013) |
| "Canagliflozin is a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 2.78 | Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with metformin and sulphonylurea: a randomised trial. ( Black, S; Canovatchel, W; Charpentier, G; González-Gálvez, G; Hollander, P; Law, G; Mathieu, C; Meininger, G; Usiskin, K; Vercruysse, F; Wilding, JP, 2013) |
| " Adverse events (AEs) were reported in 63." | 2.78 | Long-term safety and efficacy of empagliflozin, sitagliptin, and metformin: an active-controlled, parallel-group, randomized, 78-week open-label extension study in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Berk, A; Broedl, UC; Ferrannini, E; Hach, T; Hantel, S; Pinnetti, S; Woerle, HJ, 2013) |
| "Metformin or placebo was given for 28 days, followed by the alternate treatment for 28 days." | 2.78 | Effects of aerobic exercise with or without metformin on plasma incretins in type 2 diabetes. ( Bell, GJ; Boulé, NG; Eshghi, SR, 2013) |
| " The rate of adverse events was comparable in both groups." | 2.78 | [Efficacy and safety of vildagliptin as a second-line therapy vs other oral antidiabetic agents in patients with type 2 diabetes: Czech results within the worldwide prospective cohort EDGE study]. ( Brada, M; Dohnalová, L; Edelsberger, T; Gerle, J; Haluzík, M; Houdová, J; Veselá, V, 2013) |
| "Optimal dosing of basal insulin is needed to achieve target fasting blood glucose and to avoid hypoglycaemia on the other hand in patients of type 2 diabetes on bedtime basal insulin and daytime sulfonylureas." | 2.78 | Study of optimal basal insulin glargine dose requirement in Indian population as an add on therapy to oral hypoglycaemic agents to achieve target fasting blood glucose levels. ( Agarwal, SK; Singh, BK; Wadhwa, R, 2013) |
| "The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus increases with age." | 2.78 | A comparison on insulin regimen treatment of elderly (>70 years) and younger (<70 years) type 2 diabetic patients in actual clinical practice. ( Creus, C; Zafon, C, 2013) |
| " Even if limited by the small number of studied subjects, who were not matched in the two treatment groups, this research study represents the first FMD evidence suggesting that chronic administration of exenatide improves arterial dilation." | 2.78 | Exenatide improves endothelial function assessed by flow mediated dilation technique in subjects with type 2 diabetes: results from an observational research. ( Carallo, C; De Luca, S; Gnasso, A; Irace, C; Loprete, A; Scavelli, F; Shehaj, E, 2013) |
| " Changes in body weight and the rates of adverse events overall, hypoglycemia, and gastrointestinal adverse events were similar in the sitagliptin and placebo groups during the 54-week study." | 2.78 | Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin added to ongoing metformin and rosiglitazone combination therapy in a randomized placebo-controlled 54-week trial in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Amatruda, JM; Aschner, P; Chen, Y; Dobs, AS; Duran, L; Ferreira, JC; Goldstein, BJ; Golm, GT; Hill, JS; Horton, ES; Kaufman, KD; Langdon, RB; Umpierrez, GE; Williams-Herman, DE, 2013) |
| "Pioglitazone is an insulin sensitizer used for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 2.78 | Effect of pioglitazone on testosterone in eugonadal men with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. ( Bhansali, A; Sachdeva, N; Sridhar, S; Walia, R, 2013) |
| "Ipragliflozin treatment improved glycaemic control when added to metformin therapy and may be associated with weight loss and reductions in blood pressure compared to placebo." | 2.78 | Efficacy and safety of ipragliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin: a dose-finding study. ( Dhanjal, P; Ferrannini, E; Fonseca, VA; Houzer, A; Wilding, JP; Wilpshaar, W, 2013) |
| "Metformin therapy has a beneficial treatment effect over placebo for BMI-SDS, fasting glucose, ALT, and ALR ratio at 3 months, with changes in BMI-SDS sustained at 6 months." | 2.78 | Metformin in obese children and adolescents: the MOCA trial. ( Amin, R; Barrett, T; Clayton, P; Dimitri, P; Hall, C; Ivison, F; Kendall, D; Kibirige, M; Mathew, V; Matyka, K; McGovern, A; Stirling, H; Tetlow, L; Vail, A; Wales, J; Wright, N, 2013) |
| " Gastrointestinal-related and injection site-related adverse events occurred more frequently with EQW than with detemir." | 2.78 | Once-weekly exenatide versus once- or twice-daily insulin detemir: randomized, open-label, clinical trial of efficacy and safety in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin alone or in combination with sulfonylureas. ( Adetunji, O; Davies, M; Heller, S; Sapin, H; Sreenan, S; Tahbaz, A; Vora, J, 2013) |
| " There was no increased risk of adverse effects with this dose of gemigliptin compared with sitagliptin 100 mg qd." | 2.78 | Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor gemigliptin compared with sitagliptin added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone. ( Chung, CH; Jang, HC; Kim, JA; Kim, SW; Lee, WY; Min, KW; Nam-Goong, IS; Rhee, EJ; Shivane, VK; Sosale, AR, 2013) |
| "Pioglitazone-treated patients were found to have statistically significantly larger decreases in mean CRP levels (-0." | 2.78 | Effect of pioglitazone versus metformin on cardiovascular risk markers in type 2 diabetes. ( Ceriello, A; De Berardis, G; Evangelista, V; Genovese, S; Mannucci, E; Nicolucci, A; Pellegrini, F; Totani, L, 2013) |
| "In newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, therapy with oral drugs + insulin has had favourable outcomes on recovery and maintenance of β-cell function and protracted glycaemic remission compared with treatment with oral drugs alone." | 2.77 | Effects of a combination of oral anti-diabetes drugs with basal insulin therapy on β-cell function and glycaemic control in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. ( Chen, YM; Lu, HY; Mu, PW; Shu, J; Wang, MM; Wen, XQ; Xie, RY; Zeng, LY; Zhang, YH, 2012) |
| "Metformin was then up-titrated to 2 g/day (1 g twice daily) until study completion." | 2.77 | Telecare Provides comparable efficacy to conventional self-monitored blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes titrating one injection of insulin glulisine-the ELEONOR study. ( Del Prato, S; Leotta, S; Lovagnini-Scher, AC; Nicolucci, A; Turco, S; Vespasiani, G, 2012) |
| "Diabetes mellitus type 2 with dyslipidemia is a common disease." | 2.77 | Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hypercholesterolemic effects of Aloe vera leaf gel in hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. ( Dabaghian, FH; Hajiaghaee, R; Huseini, HF; Kianbakht, S, 2012) |
| " Common adverse events were as follows: EQW, nausea (11." | 2.77 | Efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly versus metformin, pioglitazone, and sitagliptin used as monotherapy in drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes (DURATION-4): a 26-week double-blind study. ( Boardman, MK; Chan, M; Cuddihy, RM; González, JG; Hanefeld, M; Kumar, A; Russell-Jones, D; Wolka, AM, 2012) |
| "Although weight loss is frequently initiated successfully, most patients regain substantial amounts of weight within the first year after completing a weight loss programme." | 2.77 | Weight loss/maintenance as an effective tool for controlling type 2 diabetes: novel methodology to sustain weight reduction. ( Gage, D, 2012) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have an increased risk of fractures and thiazolidinediones (TZDs) increase this risk." | 2.77 | Distinct effects of pioglitazone and metformin on circulating sclerostin and biochemical markers of bone turnover in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Diamant, M; Hamdy, NA; Jonker, JT; Lamb, HJ; Papapoulos, SE; Rijzewijk, LJ; Romijn, JA; Smit, JW; van der Meer, RW; van Lierop, AH, 2012) |
| "Forty-four patients with Type 2 diabetes were included in the study." | 2.77 | Addition of liraglutide in patients with Type 2 diabetes well controlled on metformin monotherapy improves several markers of vascular function. ( Anders, S; Forst, T; Michelson, G; Mitry, M; Pfützner, A; Ratter, F; Weber, MM; Wilhelm, B, 2012) |
| "Metformin doses were kept stable." | 2.77 | Effect of saxagliptin as add-on therapy in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes on insulin alone or insulin combined with metformin. ( Barnett, AH; Charbonnel, B; Chen, R; Donovan, M; Fleming, D, 2012) |
| "TODAY (Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth) is a federally funded multicenter randomized clinical trial comparing three treatments of youth onset type 2 diabetes." | 2.77 | Metformin monotherapy in youth with recent onset type 2 diabetes: experience from the prerandomization run-in phase of the TODAY study. ( Chang, N; Grey, M; Hale, D; Higgins, L; Hirst, K; Izquierdo, R; Laffel, L; Larkin, M; Macha, C; Pham, T; Wauters, A; Weinstock, RS, 2012) |
| "Patients with Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with sitagliptin plus metformin were randomly assigned to 20 weeks of treatment with twice-daily exenatide plus placebo and metformin (SWITCH, n = 127) or twice-daily exenatide plus sitagliptin and metformin (ADD, n = 128)." | 2.77 | A randomized non-inferiority study comparing the addition of exenatide twice daily to sitagliptin or switching from sitagliptin to exenatide twice daily in patients with type 2 diabetes experiencing inadequate glycaemic control on metformin and sitaglipti ( Bachmann, OP; Chan, JY; Lüdemann, J; Oliveira, JH; Reed, VA; Violante, R; Yoon, KH; Yu, MB, 2012) |
| " Population mean estimates (relative standard error, RSE) of apparent clearance, apparent volume of distribution and the absorption rate constant were 52." | 2.77 | Population PK/PD analysis of metformin using the signal transduction model. ( Baek, IH; Chae, JW; Cho, SK; Kwon, KI; Lee, BY, 2012) |
| "One hundred and one patients with type 2 diabetes who failed to achieve HbA1c<7% on previous metformin monotherapy were included to the study." | 2.77 | KCNJ11 gene E23K variant and therapeutic response to sulfonylureas. ( Babjakova, E; Fabianova, M; Javorsky, M; Klimcakova, L; Kozarova, M; Salagovic, J; Schroner, Z; Tkac, I; Tkacova, R; Zidzik, J, 2012) |
| " Dapagliflozin in combination and as monotherapy was dosed at 5 mg (Study 1) and 10 mg (Study 2)." | 2.77 | Dapagliflozin, metformin XR, or both: initial pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes, a randomised controlled trial. ( Hennicken, D; Henry, RR; List, JF; Marmolejo, MH; Murray, AV; Ptaszynska, A, 2012) |
| "The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of alogliptin combined with pioglitazone in metformin-treated type 2 diabetic patients." | 2.77 | Efficacy and tolerability of the DPP-4 inhibitor alogliptin combined with pioglitazone, in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Burant, CF; DeFronzo, RA; Fleck, P; Mekki, Q; Pratley, RE; Wilson, C, 2012) |
| "Glycemic control in type 2 diabetes generally worsens over time, requiring intensification of therapy." | 2.77 | Glycemic control over 5 years in 4,900 people with type 2 diabetes: real-world diabetes therapy in a clinical trial cohort. ( Best, JD; Davis, TM; Drury, PL; Keech, AC; Kesäniemi, YA; Pardy, C; Scott, R; Taskinen, MR; Voysey, M, 2012) |
| "With type 2 diabetes increasing, the effect of this traditional diet pattern on glycemic response has not been studied fully." | 2.77 | Bean and rice meals reduce postprandial glycemic response in adults with type 2 diabetes: a cross-over study. ( Hutchins, AM; Thompson, SV; Winham, DM, 2012) |
| " Safety and tolerability were assessed in both studies through adverse event recording and laboratory parameters, vital signs and electrocardiogram." | 2.77 | Imeglimin, a novel glimin oral antidiabetic, exhibits a good efficacy and safety profile in type 2 diabetic patients. ( Fouqueray, P; Lebovitz, H; Pirags, V, 2012) |
| " Adverse events were generally mild to moderate; the most frequent adverse events with taspoglutide 10 mg, taspoglutide 20 mg, and placebo were nausea (35, 44, and 10%), vomiting (21, 24, and 2%), and injection site reactions (24, 24, and 5%)." | 2.77 | Efficacy and safety of taspoglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin plus pioglitazone over 24 weeks: T-Emerge 3 trial. ( Balena, R; Henry, RR; Kanitra, L; Mudaliar, S; Woloschak, M, 2012) |
| "A total of 174 patients with Type 2 diabetes with poor glycaemic control were instructed to take metformin for 8 ± 2 months, then they were randomly assigned to exenatide (5 μg twice a day for the first 4 weeks and forced titration to 10 μg twice a day thereafter) or placebo for 12 months." | 2.77 | Exenatide plus metformin compared with metformin alone on β-cell function in patients with Type 2 diabetes. ( Carbone, A; Ciccarelli, L; Derosa, G; Fogari, E; Franzetti, IG; Maffioli, P; Piccinni, MN; Querci, F, 2012) |
| " The primary endpoint during the long-term extension phase was adverse events." | 2.77 | Efficacy and safety of alogliptin added to metformin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with an open-label, long-term extension study. ( Hirayama, M; Hiroi, S; Kaku, K; Miyata, Y; Seino, Y, 2012) |
| "Insulin-naive subjects with type 2 diabetes (18-75 years) and a HbA1c of 7-11% were randomised to twice-daily IDegAsp (n=61), AF (n=59) or BIAsp 30 (n=62), all in combination with metformin." | 2.77 | Comparison of a soluble co-formulation of insulin degludec/insulin aspart vs biphasic insulin aspart 30 in type 2 diabetes: a randomised trial. ( Damci, T; Donnet, JP; Endahl, L; Franek, E; Leiter, LA; Muñoz-Torres, M; Niskanen, L; Skjøth, TV; Vaag, A; Weng, J, 2012) |
| "In people with type 2 diabetes, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor is one choice as second-line treatment after metformin, with basal insulin recommended as an alternative." | 2.77 | Insulin glargine versus sitagliptin in insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus uncontrolled on metformin (EASIE): a multicentre, randomised open-label trial. ( Aschner, P; Chan, J; Dain, MP; Echtay, A; Fonseca, V; Owens, DR; Picard, S; Pilorget, V; Wang, E, 2012) |
| "Patients aged 18-85 years with type 2 diabetes inadequately treated by metformin were randomly assigned via a computer-generated randomisation sequence to receive exenatide twice daily or glimepiride once daily as add-on to metformin." | 2.77 | Exenatide twice daily versus glimepiride for prevention of glycaemic deterioration in patients with type 2 diabetes with metformin failure (EUREXA): an open-label, randomised controlled trial. ( Basson, BR; Dotta, F; Festa, A; Gallwitz, B; Guerci, B; Guzman, J; Kiljański, J; Sapin, H; Schernthaner, G; Simó, R; Trautmann, M, 2012) |
| "Vildagliptin treatment was associated with a stronger decrease in nitrotyrosine (P < 0." | 2.77 | Reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation by blunting daily acute glucose fluctuations in patients with type 2 diabetes: role of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibition. ( Barbieri, M; Marfella, R; Paolisso, G; Rizzo, MR, 2012) |
| "In total, 155 type 2 diabetes patients were randomly assigned to two groups, which only differed in the frequency of follow-up visits." | 2.77 | Effects of frequency of follow-up on quality of life of type 2 diabetes patients on oral hypoglycemics. ( Hu, M; Sun, Z; Zeng, F; Zhou, Z, 2012) |
| "Thirty-one type 2 diabetes patients treated with metformin (glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c] 6." | 2.77 | Add-on therapies to metformin in type 2 diabetes: what modulates the respective decrements in postprandial and basal glucose? ( Colette, C; Comenducci, A; Dejager, S; Monnier, L; Vallée, D, 2012) |
| "In addition, metformin may reduce colon cancer risk associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (a surrogate for smoking)." | 2.77 | Diabetes, metformin use, and colon cancer: a population-based cohort study in Taiwan. ( Tseng, CH, 2012) |
| "Ipragliflozin (ASP1941) is a selective sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor in clinical development for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 2.77 | Combination treatment with ipragliflozin and metformin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Collins, C; Kadokura, T; Smulders, RA; van Bruijnsvoort, M; van Dijk, J; Veltkamp, SA, 2012) |
| "Patients with treatment-naive type 2 diabetes (N = 16) were treated with insulin and metformin for a 3-month lead-in period, then assigned triple oral therapy (metformin, glyburide, and pioglitazone) or continued treatment with insulin and metformin." | 2.77 | Effect of insulin versus triple oral therapy on the progression of hepatic steatosis in type 2 diabetes. ( Duong, J; Leonard, D; Lingvay, I; Roe, ED; Szczepaniak, LS, 2012) |
| "Glimepiride and metformin were effective in improving glucose and lipid profiles and norepinephrine levels." | 2.77 | Metformin, but not glimepiride, improves carotid artery diameter and blood flow in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Correia, MR; Cunha, MR; Fukui, RT; Lage, SG; Machado, HA; Rocha, DM; Santos, RF; Silva, ME; Vieira, M; Wajchenberg, BL, 2012) |
| "There is an increase in type 2 diabetes (T2D) in children, yet little evidence to guide management." | 2.77 | Treating type 2 diabetes in youth: a depressing picture. ( Pearson, ER, 2012) |
| "Despite half of all type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients being over 65 and treatment being complicated by an elevated risk of iatrogenic hypoglycaemia, information about antidiabetic treatment is scarce in this age group." | 2.77 | Real-life comparison of DPP4-inhibitors with conventional oral antidiabetics as add-on therapy to metformin in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: the HYPOCRAS study. ( Bourdel-Marchasson, I; Dejager, S; Penfornis, A; Quere, S, 2012) |
| " The adverse event (AE) profile and effects on glycemic control have not been assessed for the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist exenatide once weekly in combination with a thiazolidinedione (TZD) with or without metformin." | 2.77 | Safety of exenatide once weekly in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with a thiazolidinedione alone or in combination with metformin for 2 years. ( Boardman, MK; Haber, H; Liutkus, JF; Norwood, P; Pintilei, E; Trautmann, ME, 2012) |
| "Metformin is the first-line therapy in type 2 diabetes." | 2.77 | Addition of either pioglitazone or a sulfonylurea in type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled with metformin alone: impact on cardiovascular events. A randomized controlled trial. ( Bonora, E; Del Prato, S; Giorda, CB; Maggioni, AP; Masulli, M; Mocarelli, P; Nicolucci, A; Riccardi, G; Rivellese, AA; Squatrito, S; Vaccaro, O, 2012) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment for 12 weeks decreased serum hsCRP levels (0." | 2.76 | Fat redistribution preferentially reflects the anti-inflammatory benefits of pioglitazone treatment. ( Ahn, CW; Cha, BS; Kang, ES; Kim, HJ; Kim, SK; Lee, BW; Lee, HC; Moon, JH, 2011) |
| "Metformin has been reported to inhibit DPP-4." | 2.76 | Addition of metformin to exogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 results in increased serum glucagon-like peptide-1 concentrations and greater glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Bell, PM; Cuthbertson, J; O'Harte, FP; Patterson, S, 2011) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment significantly increased body mass index (P<0." | 2.76 | Effect of pioglitazone on serum concentrations of osteoprotegerin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Ahn, CW; Cha, BS; Cho, MH; Kim, KR; Lee, HC; Nam, JS; Park, JS; Yoo, JS, 2011) |
| "Treatment with liraglutide 1." | 2.76 | Liraglutide provides similar glycaemic control as glimepiride (both in combination with metformin) and reduces body weight and systolic blood pressure in Asian population with type 2 diabetes from China, South Korea and India: a 16-week, randomized, doubl ( Bech, OM; Bhattacharyya, A; Chen, L; Ji, Q; Kim, KW; Kumar, A; Liu, X; Ma, J; Tandon, N; Yang, W; Yoon, KH; Zychma, M, 2011) |
| " Average increases in insulin dosage with exenatide and placebo were 13 U/d and 20 U/d." | 2.76 | Use of twice-daily exenatide in Basal insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled trial. ( Bergenstal, RM; Buse, JB; Glass, LC; Heilmann, CR; Hoogwerf, BJ; Kwan, AY; Lewis, MS; Rosenstock, J, 2011) |
| "We studied 2388 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) not adequately controlled by monotherapy on either metformin (MET) or sulphonylurea (SU)." | 2.76 | Study comparing the effect of pioglitazone in combination with either metformin or sulphonylureas on lipid profile and glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (ECLA). ( Archimandritis, A; Charalampidou, E; Drossinos, V; Karamanos, B; Sourmeli, S; Thanopoulou, A, 2011) |
| "patients with type 2 diabetes and an HbA(1c) of 6." | 2.76 | Efficacy and safety of treatment with sitagliptin or glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin monotherapy: a randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority trial. ( Arechavaleta, R; Chen, Y; Duran, L; Goldstein, BJ; Kaufman, KD; Krobot, KJ; O'Neill, EA; Seck, T; Williams-Herman, D, 2011) |
| " Safety endpoints included adverse events (AEs) and hypoglycaemia." | 2.76 | Efficacy and safety of insulin detemir once daily in combination with sitagliptin and metformin: the TRANSITION randomized controlled trial. ( Hollander, P; Liutkus, JF; Raslova, K; Råstam, J; Skjøth, TV, 2011) |
| "Metformin has been reported to reduce α-dicarbonyls, which are known to contribute to diabetic complications." | 2.76 | Improved glycemic control induced by both metformin and repaglinide is associated with a reduction in blood levels of 3-deoxyglucosone in nonobese patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Barto, R; Engelen, L; Ferreira, I; Gram, J; Lund, SS; Parving, HH; Pedersen, O; Schalkwijk, CG; Stehouwer, CD; Tarnow, L; Teerlink, T; Vaag, AA; Winther, K, 2011) |
| " These effects were seen after the first dose and were sustained through the weekly dosing cycle." | 2.76 | A 5-week study of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of LY2189265, a novel, long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Barrington, P; Chien, JY; Cui, S; Ellis, B; Hardy, TA; Schneck, K; Showalter, HD; Tibaldi, F, 2011) |
| "Dementia was ascertained by ICD9-CM or A-code." | 2.76 | Incidence of dementia is increased in type 2 diabetes and reduced by the use of sulfonylureas and metformin. ( Hsu, CC; Lee, MS; Tsai, HN; Wahlqvist, ML, 2011) |
| "To evaluate the pharmacokinetic interactions of the potent, selective, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, saxagliptin, in combination with metformin, glyburide or pioglitazone." | 2.76 | Saxagliptin, a potent, selective inhibitor of DPP-4, does not alter the pharmacokinetics of three oral antidiabetic drugs (metformin, glyburide or pioglitazone) in healthy subjects. ( Boulton, DW; Brenner, E; Handschuh del Corral, M; Komoroski, B; Kornhauser, D; Li, L; Patel, CG; Vachharajani, N, 2011) |
| "Metformin was associated with a lower mortality rate (HR 0." | 2.76 | Prognostic implications of glucose-lowering treatment in patients with acute myocardial infarction and diabetes: experiences from an extended follow-up of the Diabetes Mellitus Insulin-Glucose Infusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction (DIGAMI) 2 Study. ( Malmberg, K; Mellbin, LG; Norhammar, A; Rydén, L; Wedel, H, 2011) |
| "We genotyped 34 type 2 diabetes-associated variants in 2,843 DPP participants at high risk of type 2 diabetes from five ethnic groups representative of the U." | 2.76 | Updated genetic score based on 34 confirmed type 2 diabetes Loci is associated with diabetes incidence and regression to normoglycemia in the diabetes prevention program. ( Altshuler, D; Florez, JC; Franks, PW; Haffner, S; Hamman, RF; Hivert, MF; Jablonski, KA; Kahn, SE; Knowler, WC; McAteer, JB; Meigs, JB; Perreault, L; Saxena, R, 2011) |
| "Subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus were eligible if screening glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA(1c) ) was 7-11% (53." | 2.76 | Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor PF-734200 added to metformin in Type 2 diabetes. ( Dai, H; Johnson, SL; Lewin, AJ; Nguyen, TT; Norwood, P; Rosenstock, J; Somayaji, V; Teeter, JG; Terra, SG, 2011) |
| "Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are strongly associated with low grade inflammation." | 2.76 | The effects of rosiglitazone and metformin on inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Erem, C; Fidan, E; Karahan, C; Kocak, M; Onder Ersoz, H; Yilmaz, H; Yilmaz, M, 2011) |
| " Exenatide once-weekly was generally well tolerated and adverse events were predominantly mild or moderate in intensity." | 2.76 | DURATION-2: efficacy and safety of switching from maximum daily sitagliptin or pioglitazone to once-weekly exenatide. ( Bergenstal, R; Malloy, J; Malone, J; Taylor, K; Walsh, B; Wysham, C; Yan, P, 2011) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes frequently do not receive add-on therapy required for achieving the target values of glycaemic control." | 2.76 | [Efficacy and tolerability of sitagliptin in type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled with metformin. A prospective observational study in austrian primary care]. ( Daniela, L; Ludvik, B, 2011) |
| "Twenty men with type 2 diabetes (aged 50-70 years) treated with diet, metformin or sulfonylurea alone were recruited from North Glasgow University National Health Service Trusts' diabetes clinics and randomised to either metformin or gliclazide for 10 weeks." | 2.76 | AMP-activated protein kinase is activated in adipose tissue of individuals with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin: a randomised glycaemia-controlled crossover study. ( Boyle, JG; Cleland, SJ; Connell, JM; Jones, GC; Logan, PJ; Salt, IP; Sattar, N; Small, M, 2011) |
| "Dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes is characterized by elevated triglyceride levels, decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and a predominance of small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles." | 2.76 | PIOfix-study: effects of pioglitazone/metformin fixed combination in comparison with a combination of metformin with glimepiride on diabetic dyslipidemia. ( Forst, T; Fuchs, W; Lehmann, U; Lobmann, R; Merke, J; Müller, J; Pfützner, A; Schöndorf, T; Tschöpe, D, 2011) |
| "Type 2 diabetes has been associated with an increased risk of cancer." | 2.76 | Intensive glucose control and risk of cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Chalmers, J; De Bruin, ML; Grobbee, DE; Kengne, AP; Knol, MJ; Leufkens, HG; Patel, A; Stefansdottir, G; Woodward, M; Zoungas, S, 2011) |
| "Metformin or placebo was given for 28 days, followed by the alternate condition for 28 days." | 2.76 | Metformin and exercise in type 2 diabetes: examining treatment modality interactions. ( Bell, GJ; Bell, RC; Boulé, NG; Brocks, DR; Gabr, RQ; Johnson, ST; Lewanczuk, RZ; Robert, C, 2011) |
| " Adverse events for the US cohort were consistent with previously reported data from the 3 trials." | 2.76 | Efficacy and safety of saxagliptin combination therapy in US patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Allen, E; Chen, R; Donovan, M; Fleming, D; Karyekar, C; Ravichandran, S, 2011) |
| "Metformin (M) group has the same results of PO group except in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL(C)), LDL(C), and ALP levels had a different pattern." | 2.76 | Effects of Portulaca oleracea L. seeds in treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus patients as adjunctive and alternative therapy. ( El-Sayed, MI, 2011) |
| "Pioglitazone is suggested to be a rational add-on therapy to basal insulin in patients with high CV risk." | 2.76 | Double-blind, randomized, multicentre, and active comparator controlled investigation of the effect of pioglitazone, metformin, and the combination of both on cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving stable basal insulin therapy: the ( Forst, T; Fuchs, W; Hanefeld, M; Kleine, I; Pfützner, A, 2011) |
| "A total of 2368 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and clinically stable, angiographically documented coronary artery disease were randomized to treatment with 1 of the 2 strategies and followed for an average of 5 years." | 2.76 | Profibrinolytic, antithrombotic, and antiinflammatory effects of an insulin-sensitizing strategy in patients in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D) trial. ( Brooks, MM; Frye, RL; Genuth, S; Hardison, RM; Huber, K; Krishnaswami, A; McBane, RD; Pratley, RE; Schneider, DJ; Sobel, BE; Wolk, R, 2011) |
| "We found that increasing dosage of the C risk allele at SLC30A8 rs13266634 was significantly associated with higher proinsulin levels at baseline (p = 0." | 2.76 | Association of the SLC30A8 missense polymorphism R325W with proinsulin levels at baseline and after lifestyle, metformin or troglitazone intervention in the Diabetes Prevention Program. ( Florez, JC; Goldberg, RB; Jablonski, KA; Kahn, SE; Majithia, AR; Mather, KJ; McAteer, JB, 2011) |
| "The aim of this research is to determine efficacy and safety of repaglinide alone and in combination with metformin in Chinese subjects with type 2 diabetes naive to oral antidiabetes therapy." | 2.76 | Randomized study of repaglinide alone and in combination with metformin in Chinese subjects with type 2 diabetes naive to oral antidiabetes therapy. ( Bu, R; Liu, J; Ning, G; Su, Q; Wang, W, 2011) |
| " The proportion of patients who reported a severe adverse event was low in both groups (linagliptin 2." | 2.76 | Efficacy and safety of linagliptin in persons with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by a combination of metformin and sulphonylurea: a 24-week randomized study. ( Dugi, KA; Owens, DR; Swallow, R; Woerle, HJ, 2011) |
| "Treatment with vildagliptin did not significantly change the vascular responses to sodium nitroprusside." | 2.76 | Vildagliptin improves endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in type 2 diabetes. ( Netea, MG; Smits, P; Tack, CJ; van Poppel, PC, 2011) |
| "Repaglinide was also associated with an increase in the AUC(60) and AUC(120) for insulin (+56%, +61%) and C-peptide (+41%, +36%)." | 2.76 | Effects of short-term therapy with glibenclamide and repaglinide on incretin hormones and oxidative damage associated with postprandial hyperglycaemia in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Bain, SC; Bodvarsdottir, TB; Bracken, RM; Deacon, CF; Dunseath, G; Holst, JJ; Lowe, GD; Luzio, S; Prior, SL; Rumley, A; Stephens, JW; Wareham, K, 2011) |
| "pioglitazone (PIO) were assessed in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate-to-severe hyperglycaemia (A1C = 7." | 2.76 | Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin and the fixed-dose combination of sitagliptin and metformin vs. pioglitazone in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Engel, SS; Goldstein, BJ; Kaufman, KD; Lee, MA; Pérez-Monteverde, A; Seck, T; Sisk, CM; Williams-Herman, DE; Xu, L, 2011) |
| "Metformin-treated patients were likely to be younger, female, or obese." | 2.76 | Associations between the use of metformin, sulphonylureas, or diet alone and cardiovascular outcomes in 6005 people with type 2 diabetes in the FIELD study. ( Colman, PG; Donoghoe, M; Forder, P; Graham, N; Haapamäki, H; Keech, A; Kritharides, L; Merrifield, A; Simes, J; Sullivan, D; Whiting, M, 2011) |
| " The proportion of patients experiencing adverse events (excluding hypoglycemia) was similar for saxagliptin plus metformin (42." | 2.76 | Efficacy and safety of saxagliptin added to metformin in Asian people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial. ( Gause-Nilsson, I; Pan, CY; Tou, C; Yang, W; Zhao, J, 2011) |
| "Sixty-eight men with type 2 diabetes participated in the study with written consent." | 2.76 | Effect of folic acid supplementation on homocysteine, serum total antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Aghamohammadi, V; Aliasgharzadeh, A; Gargari, BP, 2011) |
| " Blood samples were collected pre-dose and up to 72 hours post-dose in each period for determination of plasma atorvastatin/metformin concentrations and calculation of the respective pharmacokinetic parameters." | 2.76 | Pharmacokinetics of a fixed-dose combination of atorvastatin and metformin extended release versus concurrent administration of individual formulations: a randomized, open-label, two-treatment, two-period, two-sequence, single-dose, crossover, bioequivale ( Arora, R; Dey, S; Kandhwal, K; Monif, T; Nazarudheen, S; Rao, S; Reyar, S; Singh, MK; Thudi, NR, 2011) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes had a higher serum ox-LDL, ox-LDL/LDL ratio, waist circumference, fasting blood sugars (FBSs), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), triglyceride, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and a lower serum leptin levels than controls." | 2.76 | Metformin restores the correlation between serum-oxidized LDL and leptin levels in type 2 diabetic patients. ( Asgarani, F; Esteghamati, A; Khalilzadeh, O; Mokhtari, A; Morteza, A; Nakhjavani, M; Rahbari, G, 2011) |
| " The dosage of acarbose and glibenclamide was 50 mg TID and 2." | 2.76 | Effects of acarbose versus glibenclamide on glycemic excursion and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled by metformin: a 24-week, randomized, open-label, parallel-group comparison. ( Lee, IT; Lee, WJ; Lin, SD; Lin, SY; Sheu, WH; Su, SL; Tseng, YH; Tu, ST; Wang, JS, 2011) |
| "Perioperative hyperglycemia is common in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery and there is a direct relation between postoperative hyperglycemia and mortality rate in these patients." | 2.76 | Metformin as an adjunct to insulin for glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes after CABG surgery: a randomized double blind clinical trial. ( Aarabi, M; Baradari, AG; Emami Zeydi, A; Ghafari, R, 2011) |
| "Treatment with cetilistat 80 or 120 mg t." | 2.75 | Weight loss, HbA1c reduction, and tolerability of cetilistat in a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial in obese diabetics: comparison with orlistat (Xenical). ( Bryson, A; Groot, Gde H; Hallam, R; Hickling, RI; Kopelman, P; Palmer, R; Rissanen, A; Rossner, S; Toubro, S, 2010) |
| "Rosiglitazone-treated patients experienced a significant decrease in hs-CRP and systolic blood pressure compared with baseline values and those of the MET group (P < ." | 2.75 | Effects of rosiglitazone and metformin treatment on apelin, visfatin, and ghrelin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Kadoglou, NP; Kapelouzou, A; Karayannacos, PE; Liapis, CD; Sailer, N; Tsanikidis, H; Vitta, I; Vrabas, I, 2010) |
| "Metformin was up-titrated from 500 to 2000 mg per day (or maximum tolerated daily dose > or =1000 mg) over a period of 5 weeks." | 2.75 | Efficacy and safety of monotherapy of sitagliptin compared with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Aschner, P; Goldstein, BJ; Guo, H; Katzeff, HL; Kaufman, KD; Sunga, S; Williams-Herman, D, 2010) |
| "Treatment with meglitinides reconstructed postprandial ghrelin secretion patterns to those of controls without diabetes." | 2.75 | Effect of meglitinides on postprandial ghrelin secretion pattern in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Möhlig, M; Otto, B; Pfeiffer, AF; Pivovarova, O; Rudovich, N; Spranger, J; Weickert, MO, 2010) |
| "We included 78 men with type 2 diabetes (aged 56." | 2.75 | Pioglitazone decreases plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein mass, associated with a decrease in hepatic triglyceride content, in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( de Haan, W; de Roos, A; Diamant, M; Jonker, JT; Lamb, HJ; Rensen, PC; Rijzewijk, LJ; Romijn, JA; Smit, JW; Tamsma, JT; van der Meer, RW; Wang, Y, 2010) |
| "Both pioglitazone and metformin treatment were associated with significant reductions in hyperglycemia, HOMA-IR and HbA1c levels." | 2.75 | Effect of pioglitazone on various parameters of insulin resistance including lipoprotein subclass according to particle size by a gel-permeation high-performance liquid chromatography in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Adachi, T; Fujinami, A; Fukui, M; Hara, H; Hasegawa, G; Ishihara, K; Kitagawa, Y; Nakamura, N; Nakano, K; Obayashi, H; Ogata, M; Ohta, M; Takashima, T; Yamasaki, M, 2010) |
| "Twenty patients with type 2 diabetes were assigned to receive metformin or not for 3 months." | 2.75 | Metformin induces reductions in plasma cobalamin and haptocorrin bound cobalamin levels in elderly diabetic patients. ( Kassam, R; Leung, S; Mattman, A; Meneilly, G; Nexo, E; Snyder, F, 2010) |
| "Overall, 28 insulin-naive type 2 diabetes subjects (mean +/- SD age, 61." | 2.75 | Adding insulin glargine vs. NPH insulin to metformin results in a more efficient postprandial beta-cell protection in individuals with type 2 diabetes. ( Borchert, M; Diessel, S; Forst, S; Forst, T; Hohberg, C; Larbig, M; Pfützner, A; Roth, W, 2010) |
| " The incidences of gastrointestinal adverse experiences were generally lower in the sitagliptin group and similar between the metformin monotherapy and combination groups." | 2.75 | Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin and metformin as initial combination therapy and as monotherapy over 2 years in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Amatruda, JM; Goldstein, BJ; Golm, G; Johnson, J; Kaufman, KD; Teng, R; Williams-Herman, D, 2010) |
| "In patients with type 2 diabetes, adding sitagliptin to metformin monotherapy improved glycaemic control over 2 years, similar to the glucose-lowering efficacy observed with adding glipizide, but with greater durability and generally better maintenance of beta-cell function." | 2.75 | Safety and efficacy of treatment with sitagliptin or glipizide in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin: a 2-year study. ( Amatruda, JM; Davies, MJ; Kaufman, KD; Nauck, M; Seck, T; Sheng, D; Stein, PP; Sunga, S, 2010) |
| "390 patients with type 2 diabetes receiving treatment with insulin." | 2.75 | Long term treatment with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes and risk of vitamin B-12 deficiency: randomised placebo controlled trial. ( Bets, D; de Jager, J; Donker, AJ; Kooy, A; Lehert, P; Stehouwer, CD; van der Kolk, J; Verburg, J; Wulffelé, MG, 2010) |
| " The overall incidence of any adverse events was similar in both groups (approximately 61%), but the number of serious adverse events was higher in the gliclazide group (8." | 2.75 | A comparison of efficacy and safety of vildagliptin and gliclazide in combination with metformin in patients with Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone: a 52-week, randomized study. ( Filozof, C; Gautier, JF, 2010) |
| " Subjects were monitored for adverse events (AEs) throughout the study and 4-week follow-up." | 2.75 | Safety and tolerability of high doses of taspoglutide, a once-weekly human GLP-1 analogue, in diabetic patients treated with metformin: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. ( Asnaghi, V; Balena, R; Boldrin, M; Kapitza, C; Nauck, M; Ratner, R, 2010) |
| " The most frequent adverse events with exenatide and sitagliptin were nausea (n=38, 24%, and n=16, 10%, respectively) and diarrhoea (n=29, 18%, and n=16, 10%, respectively); upper-respiratory-tract infection (n=17, 10%) and peripheral oedema (n=13, 8%) were the most frequent events with pioglitazone." | 2.75 | Efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly versus sitagliptin or pioglitazone as an adjunct to metformin for treatment of type 2 diabetes (DURATION-2): a randomised trial. ( Bergenstal, RM; Macconell, L; Malloy, J; Malone, J; Porter, LE; Walsh, B; Wilhelm, K; Wysham, C; Yan, P, 2010) |
| "Dutogliptin is a novel, orally available, potent, and selective DPP4 inhibitor that improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients." | 2.75 | Evaluation of the potential for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between dutogliptin, a novel DPP4 inhibitor, and metformin, in type 2 diabetic patients. ( Boyea, T; Cherrington, JM; Guler, HP; Klemm, K; Li, J; O'Farrell, AM; Schwartz, S, 2010) |
| "This study assessed insulin dose and dosing patterns required to optimize glycemic control with an insulin pump in patients with type 2 diabetes." | 2.75 | Insulin pump therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes safely improved glycemic control using a simple insulin dosing regimen. ( Bailey, TS; Bode, BW; Brunelle, R; Chen, X; Edelman, SV; Frias, JP; Kipnes, MS, 2010) |
| " Metformin plus glargine or plus neutral protamine Hagedorn is a safe and effective therapeutic choice for type 2 diabetes mellitus cases with poor glycaemic control; moreover, metformin plus neutral protamine is a cheaper and effective choice." | 2.75 | [Comparison on efficacy and safety of two regimens for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: glargine plus metformin versus neutral protamine hagedorn plus metformin]. ( Hu, M; Luo, Y; Yang, X; Zhang, H; Zhang, L, 2010) |
| "To evaluate the dose-response relationship of lixisenatide (AVE0010), a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, in metformin-treated patients with Type 2 diabetes." | 2.75 | Dose-dependent effects of the once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide in patients with Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. ( Boka, G; Ratner, RE; Rosenstock, J, 2010) |
| "In patients with T2DM treated with metformin XR, saxagliptin 5 mg orally administered once daily in the evening for 4 weeks effectively lowered plasma glucose concentrations through the 24-hour dosing interval and was well tolerated." | 2.75 | Saxagliptin and metformin XR combination therapy provides glycemic control over 24 hours in patients with T2DM inadequately controlled with metformin. ( Berglind, N; Chen, R; Neutel, J; Ravichandran, S; Raz, I; Stenlöf, K, 2010) |
| " Both treatments were generally well tolerated; incidence and types of adverse events were comparable between groups." | 2.75 | Efficacy and safety of saxagliptin in combination with metformin compared with sitagliptin in combination with metformin in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Charpentier, G; Gause-Nilsson, I; Hellqvist, A; Ostgren, CJ; Scheen, AJ, 2010) |
| "glipizide was associated with a significantly smaller proportion of patients with hypoglycaemic events (3." | 2.75 | Saxagliptin is non-inferior to glipizide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin alone: a 52-week randomised controlled trial. ( Eriksson, J; Gallwitz, B; Gause-Nilsson, I; Göke, B; Hellqvist, A, 2010) |
| "Intensive treatment of patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from the moment of diagnosis facilitates β-cell recovery." | 2.75 | Benefits of self-monitoring blood glucose in the management of new-onset Type 2 diabetes mellitus: the St Carlos Study, a prospective randomized clinic-based interventional study with parallel groups. ( Abad, R; Calle-Pascual, AL; Del Valle, L; Durán, A; Fernández, M; Martín, P; Pérez, N; Runkle, I; Sanz, MF, 2010) |
| "Exenatide added to TZDs alone or in combination with metformin significantly improved glycaemic control as determined by significant improvement in HbA(1c) without associated hypoglycaemia." | 2.75 | A placebo-controlled trial of exenatide twice-daily added to thiazolidinediones alone or in combination with metformin. ( Cao, D; Liutkus, J; Northrup, J; Norwood, P; Pop, L; Rosas Guzman, J; Trautmann, M, 2010) |
| "1%) patients reported adverse events; the incidence was similar across all five groups." | 2.75 | Linagliptin (BI 1356), a potent and selective DPP-4 inhibitor, is safe and efficacious in combination with metformin in patients with inadequately controlled Type 2 diabetes. ( Dugi, KA; Forst, T; Friedrich, C; Graefe-Mody, U; Herbach, K; Ring, A; Uhlig-Laske, B; Woerle, HJ, 2010) |
| "Participants were 14 people with type 2 diabetes on metformin only." | 2.75 | Continuous glucose monitoring reveals different glycemic responses of moderate- vs high-carbohydrate lunch meals in people with type 2 diabetes. ( Cuddihy, RM; Morgan, B; Powers, MA; Wesley, D, 2010) |
| "Pioglitazone has demonstrated a favorable CV profile relative to other oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) in outcome and observational studies." | 2.75 | Effects of pioglitazone and metformin fixed-dose combination therapy on cardiovascular risk markers of inflammation and lipid profile compared with pioglitazone and metformin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Arora, V; Jacks, R; Perez, A; Spanheimer, R, 2010) |
| " Primary objective was to evaluate safety and tolerability based on the adverse events reported." | 2.75 | A prospective, parallel group, open-labeled, comparative, multi-centric, active controlled study to evaluate the safety, tolerability and benefits of fixed dose combination of acarbose and metformin versus metformin alone in type 2 diabetes. ( Hariharan, RS; Jayaram, S; Madhavan, R; Periyandavar, I; Samra, SS, 2010) |
| "Few studies have given suggestions on appropriate initiation insulin dosage when combined with oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs)." | 2.75 | Appropriate insulin initiation dosage for insulin-naive type 2 diabetes outpatients receiving insulin monotherapy or in combination with metformin and/or pioglitazone. ( Dong, JJ; Liao, L; Mou, YR; Qiu, LL; Yang, M; Zhao, JJ, 2010) |
| "Treatment with pioglitazone, associated with metformin, showed a reduction of IL-6 monocyte production after their in vitro activation with LPS." | 2.74 | Pioglitazone reduces monocyte activation in type 2 diabetes. ( Biasucci, LM; Buffon, A; Crea, F; Di Stasio, E; Ghirlanda, G; Giubilato, S; Liuzzo, G; Pitocco, D; Zaccardi, F, 2009) |
| "Insulin resistance is a major feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)." | 2.74 | The effect of metformin on leptin in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. ( Gedik, O; Nar, A, 2009) |
| "In subjects with type 2 diabetes, once-daily liraglutide induced similar glycemic control, reduced body weight, and lowered the occurrence of hypoglycemia compared with glimepiride, when both had background therapy of metformin." | 2.74 | Efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride, and placebo, all in combination with metformin, in type 2 diabetes: the LEAD (liraglutide effect and action in diabetes)-2 study. ( Düring, M; Frid, A; Hermansen, K; Matthews, DR; Mitha, IH; Nauck, M; Shah, NS; Tankova, T; Zdravkovic, M, 2009) |
| " Nausea, generally mild-to-moderate, was the most common adverse event with exenatide (25% vs." | 2.74 | Efficacy and safety of exenatide in patients of Asian descent with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin or metformin and a sulphonylurea. ( Brodows, R; Chuang, LM; Gao, Y; Jang, HC; Johns, D; Mohan, V; Ning, G; Northrup, J; Shah, S; Wu, TJ; Yoon, KH, 2009) |
| " The incidence of adverse events (AEs), serious AEs and adjudicated cardiovascular events was 74." | 2.74 | Fifty-two-week efficacy and safety of vildagliptin vs. glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin monotherapy. ( Ahrén, B; Byiers, S; Dejager, S; Ferrannini, E; Fonseca, V; Matthews, D; Shao, Q; Zinman, B, 2009) |
| "Alogliptin is an effective and safe treatment for type 2 diabetes when added to metformin for patients not sufficiently controlled on metformin monotherapy." | 2.74 | Efficacy and safety of adding the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin to metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. ( Ellis, GC; Fleck, PR; Mekki, Q; Nauck, MA; Wilson, CA, 2009) |
| "Twenty-eight patients with type 2 diabetes already on metformin, without known cardiovascular disease, were randomized in 2 groups; glimepiride (4 mg od) was added in group A (n=14) and pioglitazone (30 mg od) in group B (n=14) for 6 months." | 2.74 | Pioglitazone vs glimepiride: Differential effects on vascular endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Kanioglou, C; Katsouras, CS; Kazakos, N; Kolettis, T; Liveris, K; Makriyiannis, D; Michalis, LK; Naka, KK; Papathanassiou, K; Pappas, K; Tsatsoulis, A, 2009) |
| " The primary objective was to demonstrate that HbA(1c) reduction with once-daily vildagliptin 100 mg AM dosing is superior to placebo." | 2.74 | Efficacy and tolerability of vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy. ( Goodman, M; Penman, J; Thurston, H, 2009) |
| " The incidence of gastrointestinal adverse experiences with the co-administration of sitagliptin and metformin was similar to that observed with metformin alone." | 2.74 | Efficacy and safety of initial combination therapy with sitagliptin and metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 54-week study. ( Amatruda, JM; Davies, MJ; Goldstein, BJ; Johnson, J; Kaufman, KD; Luo, E; Teng, R; Williams-Herman, D, 2009) |
| "Five hundred and seventy-six consecutive Caucasian obese type 2 diabetic patients were evaluated during a 12-months period and fifty-two patients were resulted intolerant to metformin at maximum dosage (3,000 mg/day)." | 2.74 | Pioglitazone metabolic effect in metformin-intolerant obese patients treated with sibutramine. ( Ciccarelli, L; Cicero, AF; D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Ferrari, I; Gravina, A; Maffioli, P; Mereu, R; Piccinni, MN; Salvadeo, SA, 2009) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have an increased mortality rate primarily because of macrovascular disease." | 2.74 | Study rationale and design of the CIMT trial: the Copenhagen Insulin and Metformin Therapy trial. ( Almdal, T; Boesgaard, T; Breum, L; Dunn, E; Gade-Rasmussen, B; Gluud, C; Hedetoft, C; Jarloev, A; Jensen, T; Johansen, LB; Krarup, T; Lund, SS; Lundby Christensen, L; Madsbad, S; Mathiesen, E; Moelvig, J; Nielsen, F; Pedersen, O; Perrild, H; Roeder, M; Sneppen, SB; Snorgaard, O; Tarnow, L; Thorsteinsson, B; Vaag, A; Vestergaard, H; Wetterslev, J; Wiinberg, N, 2009) |
| "Twenty-two insulin-naïve subjects with type 2 diabetes were given either synthetic human GIP (20 ng x kg(-1) x min(-1)) or placebo (normal saline) over 180 min, starting with the first bite of a mixed meal (plus 1 g of acetaminophen) on two separate occasions." | 2.74 | Exogenous glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide worsens post prandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. ( Carlson, OD; Charles, CP; Chia, CW; Egan, JM; Kim, HS; Kim, W; Melvin, DL; Shin, YK, 2009) |
| " Gastrointestinal adverse events were more common with liraglutide, but most occurred early and were transient." | 2.74 | Efficacy and safety of the human glucagon-like peptide-1 analog liraglutide in combination with metformin and thiazolidinedione in patients with type 2 diabetes (LEAD-4 Met+TZD). ( Blonde, L; Buse, JB; Gerich, J; Hale, PM; Lewin, A; Raskin, P; Schwartz, S; Zdravkovic, M; Zinman, B, 2009) |
| "Male and female patients with Type 2 diabetes inadequately managed with metformin or sulfonylurea." | 2.74 | Free fatty acid kinetics during long-term treatment with pioglitazone added to sulfonylurea or metformin in Type 2 diabetes. ( Brazzale, AR; Mariz, S; Pacini, G; Roden, M, 2009) |
| " Overall, combination therapy and monotherapy were equally well tolerated and the incidence of adverse effects 'possibly' related to therapy was 15." | 2.74 | Efficacy and safety of therapy with metformin plus pioglitazone in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. ( Kaku, K, 2009) |
| " Blood samples for pharmacokinetic sampling were taken frequently on the final day (Day 5) of each treatment period." | 2.74 | Study of the pharmacokinetic interaction of vildagliptin and metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Dole, WP; He, YL; Herron, J; Ligueros-Saylan, M; Picard, F; Sabo, R; Wang, Y, 2009) |
| "Taspoglutide used in combination with metformin significantly improves fasting and postprandial glucose control and induces weight loss, with a favorable tolerability profile." | 2.74 | Treatment with the human once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 analog taspoglutide in combination with metformin improves glycemic control and lowers body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone: a double-blind p ( Balena, R; Berria, R; Boldrin, M; Kapitza, C; Nauck, MA; Ratner, RE, 2009) |
| "Thirty-six subjects with type 2 diabetes, treated with metformin and bed-time insulin, were randomised to supplementation with cholecalciferol (40,000 IU per week) versus placebo for 6 months." | 2.74 | Supplementation with cholecalciferol does not improve glycaemic control in diabetic subjects with normal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. ( Figenschau, Y; Jorde, R, 2009) |
| "Patients with Type 2 diabetes (n = 88, age 56." | 2.74 | Nateglinide combination therapy with basal insulin and metformin in patients with Type 2 diabetes. ( Juurinen, L; Kauppinen-Mäkelin, R; Kock, T; Kotronen, A; Lanki, H; Leppävuori, E; Nikkilä, K; Saltevo, J; Teikari-Myyrä, T; Tiikkainen, M; Yki-Järvinen, H, 2009) |
| "Two hundred seventy-one type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with poor glycemic control and who were overweight were enrolled in this study." | 2.74 | Direct comparison among oral hypoglycemic agents and their association with insulin resistance evaluated by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp: the 60's study. ( Cicero, AF; D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Ferrari, I; Gravina, A; Maffioli, P; Mereu, R; Palumbo, I; Salvadeo, SA, 2009) |
| "The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes poses a major public health challenge." | 2.74 | The ADDITION-Cambridge trial protocol: a cluster -- randomised controlled trial of screening for type 2 diabetes and intensive treatment for screen-detected patients. ( Barling, RS; Echouffo-Tcheugui, JB; Griffin, SJ; Kinmonth, AL; Prevost, AT; Simmons, RK; Wareham, NJ; Williams, KM, 2009) |
| "Vildagliptin is an effective and well-tolerated treatment option in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, demonstrating similar improvement in glycaemic control as metformin, with superior GI tolerability." | 2.74 | Comparison of vildagliptin and metformin monotherapy in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, double-blind, randomized trial. ( Bosi, E; Dejager, S; Schweizer, A, 2009) |
| "Efficacy measurements included haemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) and eight-point plasma glucose (PG); safety included adverse events (AEs) and hypoglycaemic episodes." | 2.74 | Three different premixed combinations of biphasic insulin aspart - comparison of the efficacy and safety in a randomized controlled clinical trial in subjects with type 2 diabetes. ( Christiansen, JS; Cucinotta, D; Kanc, K; le Devehat, C; Liebl, A; López de la Torre, M; Smirnova, O; Wojciechowska, M, 2009) |
| " Incidence of hypoglycemic adverse events and weight reductions were similar to those with placebo." | 2.74 | The efficacy and safety of saxagliptin when added to metformin therapy in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes with metformin alone. ( Chen, RS; DeFronzo, RA; Garber, AJ; Hissa, MN; Luiz Gross, J; Ravichandran, S; Yuyan Duan, R, 2009) |
| "The efficacy of twice-daily dosing of a repaglinide/metformin FDC tablet was non-inferior to that of three-times-daily dosing." | 2.74 | Twice-daily and three-times-daily dosing of a repaglinide/metformin fixed-dose combination tablet provide similar glycaemic control. ( Lewin, A; Lyness, W; Raskin, P; Reinhardt, R, 2009) |
| "Early use of insulin after diagnosis of type 2 diabetes is met with resistance because of associated weight gain, hypoglycemia, and fear of decreased compliance and quality of life (QoL)." | 2.74 | Insulin-based versus triple oral therapy for newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: which is better? ( Adams-Huet, B; Kaloyanova, PF; Legendre, JL; Lingvay, I; Raskin, P; Zhang, S, 2009) |
| "placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled by metformin and a sulphonylurea or a glinide." | 2.74 | Earlier triple therapy with pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Charpentier, G; Halimi, S, 2009) |
| "Metformin/repaglinid is an efficient and safe therapeutic regime in the treatment of the type 2 DM that ensure a better control of PBG levels (Tab." | 2.74 | Evaluation of the repaglinide efficiency in comparison to the glimepiride in the type 2 diabetes patients poorly regulated by the metmorfine administration. ( Antic, S; Dimic, D; Radenkovic, S; Velojic Golubovic, M, 2009) |
| "The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy and safety of liraglutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus vs placebo and insulin glargine (A21Gly,B31Arg,B32Arg human insulin), all in combination with metformin and glimepiride." | 2.74 | Liraglutide vs insulin glargine and placebo in combination with metformin and sulfonylurea therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (LEAD-5 met+SU): a randomised controlled trial. ( Antic, S; Lalic, N; Ravn, GM; Russell-Jones, D; Schmitz, O; Sethi, BK; Simó, R; Vaag, A; Zdravkovic, M, 2009) |
| "In patients with recent-onset type 2 diabetes, treatment with insulin or metformin compared with placebo did not reduce inflammatory biomarker levels despite improving glucose control." | 2.74 | Effects of initiating insulin and metformin on glycemic control and inflammatory biomarkers among patients with type 2 diabetes: the LANCET randomized trial. ( Cook, NR; Everett, BM; Pradhan, AD; Ridker, PM; Rifai, N, 2009) |
| "Insulin initiation in patients with type 2 diabetes is often delayed because of concerns about injections." | 2.74 | Initiation of prandial insulin therapy with AIR inhaled insulin or insulin lispro in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized noninferiority trial. ( Althouse, S; Berclaz, PY; Colon-Vega, G; Ferguson, JA; Gross, JL; Milicevic, Z; Nakano, M; Ortiz-Carasquillo, R; Tobian, JA, 2009) |
| "The pioglitazone/metformin FDC was well tolerated with no unexpected findings in adverse events of special interest, including hypoglycemia, bone fractures, peripheral edema, and cardiac failure." | 2.74 | Efficacy and safety of pioglitazone/metformin fixed-dose combination therapy compared with pioglitazone and metformin monotherapy in treating patients with T2DM. ( Jacks, R; Perez, A; Spanheimer, R; Zhao, Z, 2009) |
| "The mean weight gain was higher in the prandial group than in either the biphasic group or the basal group." | 2.74 | Three-year efficacy of complex insulin regimens in type 2 diabetes. ( Darbyshire, JL; Davies, MJ; Farmer, AJ; Holman, RR; Keenan, JF; Levy, JC; Paul, SK, 2009) |
| "placebo in patients with Type 2 diabetes treated with combined metformin-sulphonylurea therapy in the PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events (PROactive)." | 2.74 | Long-term glycaemic control with metformin-sulphonylurea-pioglitazone triple therapy in PROactive (PROactive 17). ( Betteridge, DJ; Birkeland, K; Charbonnel, B; Scheen, AJ; Schmitz, O; Tan, MH, 2009) |
| "Weight gain was less with metformin plus biphasic insulin aspart 70/30 than with repaglinide plus biphasic insulin aspart 70/30 (difference in mean body weight between treatments -2." | 2.74 | Combining insulin with metformin or an insulin secretagogue in non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes: 12 month, randomised, double blind trial. ( Frandsen, M; Hansen, BV; Lund, SS; Nielsen, BB; Parving, HH; Pedersen, O; Tarnow, L; Vaag, AA, 2009) |
| "Insulin-naive subjects with type 2 diabetes suboptimally controlled on oral glucose-lowering drugs (OGLDs) (including at least metformin) were randomized to 24-week treatment with either insulin glargine once-daily or insulin detemir twice-daily, titrated to obtain fasting plasma glucose <100 mg/dL." | 2.74 | Rationale, design, and baseline data of the insulin glargine (Lantus) versus insulin detemir (Levemir) Treat-To-Target (L2T3) study: A multinational, randomized noninferiority trial of basal insulin initiation in type 2 diabetes. ( Dain, MP; DeVries, JH; Hoekstra, JB; Holleman, F; Snoek, FJ; Swinnen, SG, 2009) |
| "In PROactive, patients with Type 2 diabetes and macrovascular disease were randomized to pioglitazone (force titrated to 45 mg/day) or placebo, in addition to other existing glucose-lowering therapies." | 2.74 | Long-term glycaemic effects of pioglitazone compared with placebo as add-on treatment to metformin or sulphonylurea monotherapy in PROactive (PROactive 18). ( Betteridge, DJ; Birkeland, K; Charbonnel, B; Scheen, AJ; Schmitz, O; Tan, MH, 2009) |
| "In patients with type 2 diabetes poorly controlled by 2 OADs, more achieved glycaemic targets using BIAsp 30+met/pio than using met/pio alone." | 2.74 | Addition of biphasic insulin aspart 30 to optimized metformin and pioglitazone treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: The ACTION Study (Achieving Control Through Insulin plus Oral ageNts). ( Braceras, R; Chaykin, L; Chu, PL; Matfin, G; Raskin, P; Schwartz, SL; Wynne, A, 2009) |
| "446), the addition of pioglitazone could significantly lower serum RBP4 and HOMA-IR values, whereas an increased dosage of sulfonylurea agents did not alter HOMA-IR, RBP4, or adiponectin in type 2 diabetic patients who had been treated with metformin and/or sulfonylurea." | 2.73 | Thiazolidinedione addition reduces the serum retinol-binding protein 4 in type 2 diabetic patients treated with metformin and sulfonylurea. ( Chang, YH; Hsiao, PJ; Li, TH; Lin, KD; Shin, SJ; Wang, CL; Yang, YH, 2008) |
| "Twenty-seven patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into pioglitazone-treated (Pio), metformin-treated (Met), and exercise-treated (Ex) groups." | 2.73 | Effects of pioglitazone on serum fetuin-A levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Araki, T; Emoto, M; Inaba, M; Koyama, H; Lee, E; Mori, K; Nishizawa, Y; Shoji, T; Teramura, M; Yokoyama, H, 2008) |
| " One or more adverse event (AE) was reported by 82." | 2.73 | Efficacy and safety of vildagliptin monotherapy during 2-year treatment of drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes: comparison with metformin. ( Calle Pascual, A; Dejager, S; Foley, J; Göke, B; Hershon, K; Kerr, D; Schweizer, A; Shao, Q, 2008) |
| "Of 5102 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, 4209 were randomly assigned to receive either conventional therapy (dietary restriction) or intensive therapy (either sulfonylurea or insulin or, in overweight patients, metformin) for glucose control." | 2.73 | 10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes. ( Bethel, MA; Holman, RR; Matthews, DR; Neil, HA; Paul, SK, 2008) |
| "Hypoglycemia was similar in the 2 groups, but sample size limited the ability to make a definite safety assessment." | 2.73 | Addition of neutral protamine lispro insulin or insulin glargine to oral type 2 diabetes regimens for patients with suboptimal glycemic control: a randomized trial. ( Beneduce, F; Ceriello, A; Ciotola, M; Esposito, K; Feola, G; Giugliano, D; Gualdiero, R; Maiorino, MI; Schisano, B, 2008) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with a marked increase in the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) or stroke (by a factor of two to three compared with non-diabetic patients), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for the majority of deaths among patients with diabetes." | 2.73 | Assessment of the efficacy and tolerability of a fixed dose combination of atorvastatin 10 mg + metformin SR 500 mg in diabetic dyslipidaemia in adult Indian patients. ( Balasubramanian, R; Baliga, VP; Bolmall, C; Kathale, A; Nagraj, LM; Nayak, UP; Periyandavar, I; Sharma, A; Varadharajan, S, 2008) |
| "Fourteen patients with type 2 diabetes (age 51+/-2 yr, body mass index 33." | 2.73 | Effects of insulin therapy on liver fat content and hepatic insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Hakkarainen, A; Häkkinen, AM; Juurinen, L; Tiikkainen, M; Yki-Järvinen, H, 2007) |
| "Twenty patients with diet-treated type 2 diabetes (13 women, seven men) were randomized to receive either rosiglitazone (n = 9; 8 mg/d) or metformin (n = 11; 2 g/d) for 16 wk." | 2.73 | Effects of chronic rosiglitazone therapy on gene expression in human adipose tissue in vivo in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Eriksson, P; Fisher, RM; Hamsten, A; Kannisto, K; Kolak, M; Tiikkainen, M; Yki-Järvinen, H, 2007) |
| "One hundred twenty (120) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomized and treated with glimepiride plus rosiglitazone or glimepiride plus metformin for 12 weeks." | 2.73 | Effects of rosiglitazone and metformin on inflammatory markers and adipokines: decrease in interleukin-18 is an independent factor for the improvement of homeostasis model assessment-beta in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Ahn, CW; Cha, BS; Chung, CH; Kang, ES; Kim, DJ; Kim, HJ; Kim, SH; Lee, HC; Lee, KW; Nam, CM; Nam, M, 2007) |
| "Lysine carriers were less protected by 1-year metformin treatment than E/E homozygotes (P < 0." | 2.73 | Type 2 diabetes-associated missense polymorphisms KCNJ11 E23K and ABCC8 A1369S influence progression to diabetes and response to interventions in the Diabetes Prevention Program. ( Altshuler, D; Dabelea, D; Florez, JC; Franks, PW; Hamman, RF; Jablonski, KA; Kahn, SE; Knowler, WC; Nathan, DM, 2007) |
| "Metformin was continued if taken." | 2.73 | Insulin glargine in combination with nateglinide in people with Type 2 diabetes: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. ( Ashwell, SG; Dashora, UK; Home, PD; Sibal, L, 2007) |
| "glipizide in patients with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycaemic control [haemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) > or = 6." | 2.73 | Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, compared with the sulfonylurea, glipizide, in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin alone: a randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority trial. ( Meininger, G; Nauck, MA; Sheng, D; Stein, PP; Terranella, L, 2007) |
" Insulin dosage in each group was titrated to target fasting blood glucose (FBG) of 100 mg/dL or less (| 2.73 | Combination of oral antidiabetic agents with basal insulin versus premixed insulin alone in randomized elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Busch, K; Janka, HU; Plewe, G, 2007) | |
| "Rosiglitazone was associated with more weight gain and edema, metformin with a higher incidence of gastrointestinal events and glibenclamide with a higher risk of hypoglycaemia (P < 0." | 2.73 | [ADOPT study: which first-line glucose-lowering oral medication in type 2 diabetes?]. ( Scheen, AJ, 2007) |
| "To achieve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), multiple oral agents are used in a stepwise approach, but long-term maintenance of normoglycemia is difficult to achieve, and, eventually, most patients require insulin." | 2.73 | Insulin as initial therapy in type 2 diabetes: effective, safe, and well accepted. ( Adams-Huet, B; Kaloyanova, PF; Lingvay, I; Raskin, P; Salinas, K, 2007) |
| "Topiramate CR treatment produced significant weight loss and meaningful improvements in A1C and blood pressure in obese patients with type 2 diabetes treated with diet and exercise or in combination with metformin." | 2.73 | A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study to assess the efficacy and safety of topiramate controlled release in the treatment of obese type 2 diabetic patients. ( Gadde, KM; Hollander, P; Leung, A; Rosenstock, J; Strauss, R; Sun, X, 2007) |
| "Twenty-eight patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (HbAlc>7." | 2.73 | Effect of metformin on serum lipoprotein lipase mass levels and LDL particle size in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. ( Ebisuno, M; Endo, K; Koide, N; Miyashita, Y; Murano, T; Ohira, M; Oyama, T; Saiki, A; Shirai, K; Watanabe, H, 2007) |
| "The data demonstrate that in type 2 diabetes metformin rapidly affects glucose handling without changing the concentrations of insulin." | 2.73 | Short-term effects of metformin in type 2 diabetes. ( Attvall, S; Bonnier, M; Eriksson, A; Eriksson, JW; Karlsson, FA; Rosander, B, 2007) |
| "Weight gain was probably not due to an increase in food intake, while REE per lean body mass decreased, suggesting a role for increased efficiency in fuel usage due to improved glycaemic control." | 2.73 | Weight gain in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Adams-Huet, B; Jacob, AN; Raskin, P; Salinas, K, 2007) |
| "This randomized, open-label, cross-over study compares the efficacy of mealtime rapid-acting analog insulin aspart with human insulin, in combination with metformin." | 2.73 | A comparison of mealtime insulin aspart and human insulin in combination with metformin in type 2 diabetes patients. ( Dicembrini, I; Mannucci, E; Pala, L; Rotella, CM, 2007) |
| "Despite the increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the pediatric population, there is limited information about the relative effectiveness of treatment approaches." | 2.73 | Treatment options for type 2 diabetes in adolescents and youth: a study of the comparative efficacy of metformin alone or in combination with rosiglitazone or lifestyle intervention in adolescents with type 2 diabetes. ( Epstein, L; Grey, M; Hirst, K; Kaufman, F; Tamborlane, W; Wilfley, D; Zeitler, P, 2007) |
| "The data demonstrate that in type 2 diabetes, metformin rapidly affects glucose handling without changing the concentrations of insulin." | 2.73 | Short-term effects of metformin in type 2 diabetes. ( Attvall, S; Bonnier, M; Eriksson, A; Eriksson, JW; Karlsson, FA; Rosander, B, 2007) |
| "Treatment with nateglinide plus metformin for up to 12 months was not associated with weight gain." | 2.73 | Nateglinide or gliclazide in combination with metformin for treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on maximum doses of metformin alone: 1-year trial results. ( Collober-Maugeais, C; Cressier, F; Pecher, E; Ristic, S; Tang, P, 2007) |
| " 47%) and drug-related adverse experiences (AEs) (15 vs." | 2.73 | Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on glimepiride alone or on glimepiride and metformin. ( Fanurik, D; Hermansen, K; Khatami, H; Kipnes, M; Luo, E; Stein, P, 2007) |
| " A prospective, randomized, double-blind study enrolled 55 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which were randomly assigned to receive either metformin SR or RR (at a maximal dosage of 2000 mg/d for 12 weeks)." | 2.73 | Both slow-release and regular-form metformin improve glycemic control without altering plasma visfatin level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( He, CT; Hsieh, CH; Hung, YJ; Lee, CH; Wu, LY, 2007) |
| " The adverse event rates of the study and control groups were 10." | 2.73 | [Efficacy and safety of extended-release metformin in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus]. ( Gao, HW; Hong, TP; Xiao, WH; Yang, JK; Yang, WY; Yang, Y; Zhang, JP, 2007) |
| "Metformin is widely used in the management of type 2 diabetes, either as monotherapy or in combination with other oral antihyperglycemic agents such as sulfonylureas and thiazolidinediones." | 2.73 | Comparison of extended-release metformin in combination with a sulfonylurea (glyburide) to sulfonylurea monotherapy in adult patients with type 2 diabetes: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled, phase III study. ( Lewin, A; Lipetz, R; Schwartz, S; Wu, J, 2007) |
| "Exenatide is an adjunctive therapy for type 2 diabetes, and preliminary evidence suggests that its glucoregulatory effects may be similar in the absence of oral therapy." | 2.73 | The incretin mimetic exenatide as a monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Fineman, M; Guan, X; Nelson, P; Poon, T; Schnabel, C; Wintle, M, 2007) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment also improved post-challenge insulin responses." | 2.73 | Effects of pioglitazone in combination with metformin or a sulfonylurea compared to a fixed-dose combination of metformin and glibenclamide in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Bellatreccia, A; Comaschi, M; Demicheli, A; Di Pietro, C; Mariz, S, 2007) |
| " Metformin combined with gliclazide, repaglinide, or pioglitazone was given at diagnosis if the HbA1c was > 8." | 2.73 | Effects of early use of pioglitazone in combination with metformin in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. ( Baird, J; Campbell, IW; Chalmers, J; Franks, CI; Hunter, JE; Mariz, S; Martin, M; Robertson, SJ; Whately-Smith, CR, 2007) |
| "The combination of repaglinide, metformin and bedtime NPH is safe and effective and it provides better postprandial blood glucose control." | 2.73 | Safety and efficacy of repaglinide in combination with metformin and bedtime NPH insulin as an insulin treatment regimen in type 2 diabetes. ( Civera, M; Martínez, I; Merchante, A; Salvador, M; Sanz, J, 2008) |
| "A metformin treatment was predictive of an increased bowel uptake in the small intestine (odds ratio OR=16." | 2.73 | High and typical 18F-FDG bowel uptake in patients treated with metformin. ( Alberini, JL; Blondet, C; Bonardel, G; Foehrenbach, H; Fourme, E; Gontier, E; Le Stanc, E; Mantzarides, M; Pecking, AP; Wartski, M, 2008) |
| "Patients whose duration of type 2 diabetes was less than 24 months were selected for the study." | 2.73 | Induction of long-term glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients using pioglitazone and metformin combination. ( Bukkawar, A; Joshi, SR; Nasikkar, N; Panikar, V; Santwana, C, 2007) |
| "Thirty-one subjects with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to pioglitazone (45 mg) or metformin (2,000 mg) for 4 months." | 2.73 | Comparison of the effects of pioglitazone and metformin on hepatic and extra-hepatic insulin action in people with type 2 diabetes. ( Basu, A; Basu, R; Chandramouli, V; Cohen, O; Dicke, B; Landau, BR; Norby, B; Rizza, RA; Shah, P, 2008) |
| "One nateglinide/metformin-treated patient experienced a mild hypoglycaemic episode compared with eight episodes in eight patients on glyburide/metformin; one severe episode led to discontinuation." | 2.73 | Nateglinide, alone or in combination with metformin, is effective and well tolerated in treatment-naïve elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Baron, MA; Gerich, JE; Jean-Louis, L; Marcellari, A; Purkayastha, D; Schwarz, SL, 2008) |
| "Fifty-five patients with type 2 diabetes (56." | 2.73 | Improved meal-related insulin processing contributes to the enhancement of B-cell function by the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Ahrén, B; Foley, JE; Pacini, G; Schweizer, A; Tura, A, 2007) |
| " It is proposed that these effects are in part related to improved kidney function resulting in increased Hct and blood viscosity which increases vascular wall shear stress and NO bioavailability leading to a vasodilator effect." | 2.73 | Increased hematocrit and reduced blood pressure following control of glycemia in diabetes. ( Cabrales, P; Díaz, JS; Intaglietta, M; Negrete, AC; Salazar Vázquez, BY; Salazar Vázquez, MA; Venzor, VC, 2008) |
| " Patients were randomly assigned to receive LM50/50 (50% insulin lispro protamine suspension [ILPS] and 50% lispro) TID plus metformin (to a maximally tolerated daily dosage of 500-1000 mg BID) (LM50/50 + Met) or insulin glargine QD at bedtime plus metformin (500-1000 mg BID) (G + Met) for 24 weeks." | 2.73 | Mealtime 50/50 basal + prandial insulin analogue mixture with a basal insulin analogue, both plus metformin, in the achievement of target HbA1c and pre- and postprandial blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes: a multinational, 24-week, rand ( Beisswenger, PJ; Ceriello, A; Goldberg, RB; Jones, CA; Milicevic, Z; Moses, RG; Pagkalos, EM; Robbins, DC; Sarwat, S; Tan, MH, 2007) |
| "In these patients with type 2 diabetes that was poorly controlled by OADs, BIAsp 30 TID and BIAsp 30 BID plus MET were associated with significantly greater reductions in HbA(1c) and postprandial BG compared with OADs alone." | 2.73 | Comparison of biphasic insulin aspart 30 given three times daily or twice daily in combination with metformin versus oral antidiabetic drugs alone in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes: a 16-week, randomized, open-label, parallel-group trial ( Al-Tayar, B; Kazakova, E; Morozova, A; Saifullina, M; Sazonova, O; Shapiro, I; Sokolovskaya, V; Starceva, M; Starkova, N; Tarasov, A; Ushakova, O; Valeeva, F; Zanozina, O; Zhadanova, E, 2007) |
| "Adult patients with Type 2 diabetes took part in one of two large-scale, 2-year clinical trials." | 2.73 | 2-year effects of pioglitazone add-on to sulfonylurea or metformin on oral glucose tolerance in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Seufert, J; Urquhart, R, 2008) |
| "Non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are characterized by predominant defective insulin secretion." | 2.73 | Impact of metformin versus the prandial insulin secretagogue, repaglinide, on fasting and postprandial glucose and lipid responses in non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Frandsen, M; Lund, SS; Parving, HH; Pedersen, O; Smidt, UM; Tarnow, L; Vaag, AA, 2008) |
| " Compared with placebo, sitagliptin had a neutral effect on body weight and did not significantly increase the risk of hypoglycemia or gastrointestinal adverse events." | 2.73 | Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Alba, M; Amatruda, JM; Chen, Y; Hussain, S; Kaufman, KD; Langdon, RB; Raz, I; Stein, PP; Wu, M, 2008) |
| "Strategies for the addition of RSG in combination with GLIM were evaluated with data from two randomized, double-blind, placebo (PBO)-controlled studies." | 2.73 | Potential benefits of early addition of rosiglitazone in combination with glimepiride in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. ( Chou, HS; Hamann, A; Matthaei, S; Rosenstock, J; Seidel, DK, 2008) |
| " Both active treatments were generally well tolerated, with no increased risk of hypoglycaemia or gastrointestinal adverse events compared with placebo." | 2.73 | Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin when added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Davies, MJ; Engel, SS; Loeys, T; Scott, R, 2008) |
| " In the following 12 weeks, metformin (mean daily dosage of 1381+/-85 mg) was added." | 2.73 | The effect of metformin treatment on VEGF and PAI-1 levels in obese type 2 diabetic patients. ( Budak, F; Duran, C; Ersoy, C; Erturk, E; Guclu, M; Imamoglu, S; Kiyici, S; Oral, B; Selimoglu, H; Tuncel, E, 2008) |
| "In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), biomarkers reflecting inflammation and endothelial dysfunction have been linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD biomarkers) and metabolic regulation." | 2.73 | Impact of metformin versus repaglinide on non-glycaemic cardiovascular risk markers related to inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Frandsen, M; Gram, J; Lund, SS; Parving, HH; Pedersen, O; Schalkwijk, CG; Smidt, UM; Stehouwer, CD; Tarnow, L; Teerlink, T; Vaag, AA; Winther, K, 2008) |
| "Hypertension and type 2 diabetes are common co-morbidities." | 2.73 | Effect of the addition of rosiglitazone to metformin or sulfonylureas versus metformin/sulfonylurea combination therapy on ambulatory blood pressure in people with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial (the RECORD study). ( Beck-Nielsen, H; Curtis, P; Gomis, R; Hanefeld, M; Home, PD; Jones, NP; Komajda, M; Pocock, SJ; Zambanini, A, 2008) |
| "Berberine has been shown to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism in vitro and in vivo." | 2.73 | Efficacy of berberine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Xing, H; Ye, J; Yin, J, 2008) |
| "Vildagliptin is an orally active, potent and selective DPP-4 inhibitor that improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes by increasing alpha- and beta-cell responsiveness to glucose." | 2.73 | Effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of a vildagliptin/metformin (50/1000 mg) fixed-dose combination tablet in healthy volunteers. ( Campestrini, J; Flannery, B; He, YL; Jarugula, V; Leon, S; Ligueros-Saylan, M; Zinny, MA, 2008) |
| "Metformin is an effective and safe option for women with gestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes in pregnancy, and it may also increase the ovulation rate in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)." | 2.72 | Metformin - a new approach. ( Cwynar-Zając, Ł, 2021) |
| "Obesity is the most significant risk factor for the development of diabetes." | 2.72 | Obesity and Diabetes. ( Aras, M; Pape, J; Tchang, BG, 2021) |
| "Metformin is the drug of choice in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 2.72 | Novel Targets of Metformin in Cardioprotection: Beyond the Effects Mediated by AMPK. ( Bolívar, S; Mendoza, X; Mendoza-Torres, E; Noriega, L; Ortega, S; Osorio, E; Rosales, W, 2021) |
| "However, a significant reduction in esophageal cancer risk in Asian populations remains to be clarified." | 2.72 | The effect of metformin on esophageal cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta‑analysis. ( Wu, HD; Zhang, JJ; Zhou, BJ, 2021) |
| "Dapagliflozin (DPG) is a novel drug from class of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGL-2) inhibitors which has been evolved as profound treatment option for the type-2diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 2.72 | Pharmaceutical Analytical Profile for Novel SGL-2 Inhibitor: Dapagliflozin. ( Bobade, PS; Dhote, AM; Ganorkar, SB; Patil, MR; Sharma, SS; Shirkhedkar, AA, 2021) |
| "Obesity has health consequences going beyond glucose elevation." | 2.72 | Pharmacotherapeutic options for prediabetes. ( Rendell, M, 2021) |
| "Metformin is a first-line therapy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, due to its robust glucose-lowering effects, well-established safety profile, and relatively low cost." | 2.72 | Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Metformin Action. ( LaMoia, TE; Shulman, GI, 2021) |
| "Metformin is a widely used glucose-lowering drug, although its impact on adipose tissue function remains elusive." | 2.72 | Adipokines as a therapeutic target by metformin to improve metabolic function: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. ( Cirilli, I; Dludla, PV; Louw, J; Marcheggiani, F; Mazibuko-Mbeje, SE; Mokgalaboni, K; Mxinwa, V; Nkambule, BB; Nyambuya, TM; Tiano, L; Ziqubu, K, 2021) |
| "Metformin use can also reduce type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) incidence among those at risk, lower cancer incidence, and improve cognitive function, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and atherosclerosis." | 2.72 | Targeting ageing and preventing organ degeneration with metformin. ( Sunjaya, AF; Sunjaya, AP, 2021) |
| "Metformin was first used over half a century ago, and for the past two decades, it has been considered first-line oral therapy to treat patients with T2DM, in whom lifestyle measures failed to improve glycaemic control." | 2.72 | Metformin: Is it Still the First Line in Type 2 Diabetes Management Algorithm? ( Ajjan, RA; Grammatiki, M; Sagar, R, 2021) |
| "Five RCTs including 50,725 type 2 diabetes patients, of whom 10,013 had not received metformin, were included in this meta-analysis." | 2.72 | SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP1 agonists administered without metformin compared to other glucose-lowering drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus to prevent cardiovascular events: A systematic review. ( Barrios, V; Cosín, J; Escobar, C; Gámez Martínez, JM; Huelmos Rodrigo, AI; Martínez Zapata, MJ; Ortíz Cortés, C; Requeijo, C; Solà, I; Torres Llergo, J, 2021) |
| "However, strategies for the treatment of inflammation should focus on metformin in patients with T2D." | 2.72 | Effect of Metformin on Circulating Levels of Inflammatory Markers in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. ( Eskandari, M; Hosseini, H; Karbalaee-Hasani, A; Khadive, T; Khalkhali, L; Khodabandehloo, H; Koushki, M; Mohammadi, D; Mosavi, M; Nejadebrahimi, Z; Sangdari, A; Shahidi, S; Soltani, A, 2021) |
| "Metformin has been the cornerstone of the medical management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for over 6 decades now since its first-ever discovery." | 2.72 | Efficacy and Cardiovascular Safety of Metformin. ( Kochhar, RS; Rajgopal, RK, 2021) |
| " The primary endpoints were all-cause mortality and serious adverse events, and the secondary endpoints were cardiovascular mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, hypoglycemia, and changes in glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), body weight, fasting plasma glucose, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol." | 2.72 | Cardiovascular safety and efficacy of metformin-SGLT2i versus metformin-sulfonylureas in type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ( Gebrie, D; Getnet, D; Manyazewal, T, 2021) |
| "Metformin is a first-line drug in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment, yet whether metformin may increase all-cause or cardiovascular mortality of T2DM patients remains inconclusive." | 2.72 | Association of metformin monotherapy or combined therapy with cardiovascular risks in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Chen, M; Gu, C; Li, T; Liu, M; Ma, H; Mu, N; Providencia, R; Wang, Y; Yin, Y; Yu, L, 2021) |
| "Metformin was associated with a nonsignificant reduction of all-cause mortality (n = 13 RCTs; MH-OR 0." | 2.72 | Effect of metformin on all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events: An updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ( Candido, R; Mannucci, E; Monami, M; Pintaudi, B; Targher, G, 2021) |
| " In terms of safety, GKAs did not affect the total rate of adverse events (AEs)." | 2.72 | Efficacy and safety of glucokinase activators for type 2 diabetes mellitus therapy: a meta-analysis of double-blind randomized controlled trials. ( Cao, L; Lin, S; Qu, Y; Wang, K; Xu, Z, 2021) |
| "The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increased in individuals with mental disorders." | 2.72 | Interventions for preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with mental disorders in low- and middle-income countries. ( Ajjan, RA; Al Azdi, Z; Aslam, F; Churchill, R; Mishu, MP; Philip, S; Siddiqi, N; Stubbs, B; Tirbhowan, N; Uphoff, E; Wright, J, 2021) |
| "Metformin is an oral antihyperglycemic drug widely used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), acting via indirect activation of 5' Adenosine monophosphate-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK)." | 2.72 | Mechanism and application of metformin in kidney diseases: An update. ( Meng, X; Song, A; Zhang, C, 2021) |
| "Metformin treatment has been shown to be effective at alleviating hepatic lipogenesis in animal models of NAFLD, with a variety of mechanisms being deemed responsible." | 2.72 | Effects of Metformin on Hepatic Steatosis in Adults with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Diabetes: Insights from the Cellular to Patient Levels. ( Chattipakorn, N; Leerapun, A; Pinyopornpanish, K, 2021) |
| "Diabetes and sepsis are important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and diabetic patients represent the largest population experiencing post-sepsis complications and rising mortality." | 2.72 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus and sepsis: state of the art, certainties and missing evidence. ( Brizzi, MF; Carlin, M; Costantini, E; Porta, M, 2021) |
| "Metformin is a drug in the family of biguanide compounds that is widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D)." | 2.72 | Beneficial Effects of Metformin on the Central Nervous System, with a Focus on Epilepsy and Lafora Disease. ( Sánchez, MP; Sanz, P; Serratosa, JM, 2021) |
| "Youth-onset type 2 diabetes is characterised by pathophysiological heterogeneity and inadequate glycaemic control, highlighting the need for new treatment approaches and innovative study designs in populations of varied genetic and cultural backgrounds." | 2.72 | Youth-onset type 2 diabetes: translating epidemiology into clinical trials. ( Kelsey, MM; Pyle, L, 2021) |
| "Semaglutide is an advantageous choice for the treatment of T2D since it has greater efficacy in reducing glycated hemoglobin and body weight compared with other GLP-1RAs, has demonstrated benefits in reducing major adverse cardiovascular events, and has a favorable profile in special populations (e." | 2.72 | Clinical Perspectives on the Use of Subcutaneous and Oral Formulations of Semaglutide. ( Gallwitz, B; Giorgino, F, 2021) |
| "Understanding role of microbiota in type 2 diabetes and the mechanisms connecting T2DM and alterations in gut microbiota could be the key to improved treatment of T2DM." | 2.72 | Could the use of butyric acid have a positive effect on microbiota and treatment of type 2 diabetes? ( Bohatyrewicz, A; Dzieżyc, A; Stachowska, E; Wiśniewska, M, 2021) |
| " However, long-term use of metformin may lead to side-effects such as memory impairment." | 2.72 | Potential mechanisms of metformin-induced memory impairment. ( Alhowail, A, 2021) |
| "The primary outcome measure was type 2 diabetes as diagnosed using World Health Organization criteria." | 2.72 | The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1). ( Bhaskar, AD; Mary, S; Mukesh, B; Ramachandran, A; Snehalatha, C; Vijay, V, 2006) |
| "Metformin is widely used for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus, but its actions are poorly understood." | 2.72 | Metformin improves atypical protein kinase C activation by insulin and phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-(PO4)3 in muscle of diabetic subjects. ( Casauban, L; Farese, RV; Gomez-Daspet, J; Luna, V; Miura, A; Powe, JL; Rivas, J; Sajan, MP; Standaert, ML, 2006) |
| "Older adults with type 2 diabetes receiving metformin monotherapy received add-on therapy with either rosiglitazone, a thiazolidinedione insulin sensitizer, or glyburide." | 2.72 | Improving metabolic control leads to better working memory in adults with type 2 diabetes. ( Cobitz, AR; Freed, MI; Rood, JA; Ryan, CM; Strachan, MW; Waterhouse, BR, 2006) |
| "In type 2 diabetic patients we compared 9 months of combination therapy with insulin glargine and metformin with 9 months of NPH insulin combined with metformin." | 2.72 | Insulin glargine or NPH combined with metformin in type 2 diabetes: the LANMET study. ( Hänninen, J; Hardy, K; Hulme, S; Kauppinen-Mäkelin, R; Lahdenperä, S; Lehtonen, R; Levänen, H; McNulty, S; Nikkilä, K; Ryysy, L; Tiikkainen, M; Tulokas, T; Vähätalo, M; Virtamo, H; Yki-Järvinen, H, 2006) |
| " The overall incidence of adverse events was similar for all treatment groups, but fewer patients in the extended-release metformin groups discontinued treatment due to nausea during the initial dosing period than in the immediate-release metformin group." | 2.72 | Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of a novel once-daily extended-release metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Berner, B; Chiang, YK; Cramer, M; Fonseca, V; Lewin, A; Schwartz, S, 2006) |
| "Glimepiride treatment was associated with an increased risk of hypoglycemia and pioglitazone with higher rate of peripheral edema." | 2.72 | Glimepiride versus pioglitazone combination therapy in subjects with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin monotherapy: results of a randomized clinical trial. ( Issa, M; Umpierrez, G; Vlajnic, A, 2006) |
| " This study was designed to determine if the co-ingestion of EGb 761 and metformin would alter the pharmacokinetic properties of metformin in T2DM patients and persons without diabetes, who may ingest it for other purposes." | 2.72 | The effect of the ingestion of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on the pharmacokinetics of metformin in non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects--a double blind placebo-controlled, crossover study. ( Blodgett, J; Javors, M; Kudolo, GB; Wang, W, 2006) |
| " Other adverse events, except increased cough in the INH group, were similar." | 2.72 | An open, randomized, parallel-group study to compare the efficacy and safety profile of inhaled human insulin (Exubera) with metformin as adjunctive therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes poorly controlled on a sulfonylurea. ( Barnett, AH; Dreyer, M; Lange, P; Serdarevic-Pehar, M, 2006) |
| "Metformin treatment had no significant impact on GSK-3 protein expression in either adipocytes or skeletal muscle." | 2.72 | Tissue-specific expression and regulation of GSK-3 in human skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. ( Baxi, S; Christiansen, L; Ciaraldi, TP; Henry, RR; Kong, AP; Mudaliar, S; Nikoulina, SE; Oh, DK, 2006) |
| "At 26 wk, edema was recorded in 48 of the patients (14%) treated with ragaglitazar, and Cox regression analyses identified the common Pro12Ala variant of the PPARG gene as biologically the most important risk factor (hazard ratio 4." | 2.72 | The Pro12Ala variant of the PPARG gene is a risk factor for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma/alpha agonist-induced edema in type 2 diabetic patients. ( Anant, M; Ekstrøm, CT; Hansen, L; Reinhardt, RR; Tabanera Y Palacios, R; Wassermann, K, 2006) |
| "Consenting adults aged 18-80 years with Type 2 diabetes for at least 6 months, HbA1c of 7." | 2.72 | A randomized trial of adding insulin glargine vs. avoidance of insulin in people with Type 2 diabetes on either no oral glucose-lowering agents or submaximal doses of metformin and/or sulphonylureas. The Canadian INSIGHT (Implementing New Strategies with ( Dempsey, E; Gerstein, HC; Harris, SB; Issa, M; Stewart, JA; Yale, JF, 2006) |
| "metformin and glibenclamide in 50 type 2 diabetes patients inadequately controlled by diet and exercise." | 2.72 | Beta-cell response to metformin-glibenclamide combination tablets (Glucovance) in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Bruce, S; Fiedorek, FT; Howlett, HC; Park, JS, 2006) |
| " Other adverse events, except increased cough in the INH group, were similar." | 2.72 | An open, randomized, parallel-group study to compare the efficacy and safety profile of inhaled human insulin (Exubera) with glibenclamide as adjunctive therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes poorly controlled on metformin. ( Barnett, AH; Dreyer, M; Lange, P; Serdarevic-Pehar, M, 2006) |
| "Several studies have demonstrated that type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) can be prevented/delayed in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) by using pharmacologic agents and/or lifestyle interventions." | 2.72 | Preventing type 2 diabetes using combination therapy: design and methods of the CAnadian Normoglycaemia Outcomes Evaluation (CANOE) trial. ( Gerstein, HC; Hanley, AJ; Harris, SB; Neuman, J; Raboud, JM; Young, TK; Zinman, B, 2006) |
| "Twenty-four subjects with type 2 diabetes [19 men and 5 women, 56." | 2.72 | Inhaled insulin as adjunctive therapy in subjects with type 2 diabetes failing oral agents: a controlled proof-of-concept study. ( Buchwald, A; Dellweg, S; Genova, P; Hausmann, M; Heinemann, L; Heise, T; Osborn, C; Rosskamp, R, 2006) |
| "The primary DPP outcome of type 2 diabetes was assessed by fasting plasma glucose and oral glucose tolerance test." | 2.72 | Adherence to preventive medications: predictors and outcomes in the Diabetes Prevention Program. ( Crandall, J; Edelstein, S; Johnson, MK; Kahn, S; Kitabchi, A; Kramer, MK; Ma, Y; Molitch, M; Smith, K; Walker, EA, 2006) |
| "As part of the clinical development of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, the potential for pharmacokinetic interactions with other antihyperglycemic agents used in managing patients with type 2 diabetes are being carefully evaluated." | 2.72 | Tolerability and pharmacokinetics of metformin and the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin when co-administered in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Bergman, A; Herman, GA; Kipnes, M; Yi, B, 2006) |
| "Liraglutide is a promising drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes." | 2.72 | Five weeks of treatment with the GLP-1 analogue liraglutide improves glycaemic control and lowers body weight in subjects with type 2 diabetes. ( Filipczak, R; Gumprecht, J; Hompesch, M; Le, TD; Nauck, MA; Zdravkovic, M, 2006) |
| "The incidence of type 2 diabetes increases with age." | 2.72 | The influence of age on the effects of lifestyle modification and metformin in prevention of diabetes. ( Andres, R; Barrett-Connor, E; Crandall, J; Dagogo-Jack, S; Fowler, S; Fujimoto, WY; Ma, Y; Schade, D, 2006) |
| "Starting insulin in Type 2 diabetes patients with twice-daily BIAsp 30 plus met can reduce HbA (1c) and mean prandial plasma glucose increment to a greater extent than once-daily glarg plus glim." | 2.72 | Starting insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes: twice-daily biphasic insulin Aspart 30 plus metformin versus once-daily insulin glargine plus glimepiride. ( Kann, PH; Medding, J; Moeller, J; Mokan, M; Mrevlje, F; Regulski, M; Szocs, A; Wascher, T; Zackova, V, 2006) |
| "Metabolic syndrome was more frequent and microalbuminuria less frequent in NAC." | 2.72 | A Diabetes Outcome Progression Trial (ADOPT): baseline characteristics of Type 2 diabetic patients in North America and Europe. ( Freed, MI; Haffner, S; Heise, MA; Herman, WH; Holman, R; Jones, NP; Kahn, SE; Kravitz, B; Lachin, J; O'Neill, MC; Viberti, G; Zinman, B, 2006) |
| " There was no increased risk of hypoglycemia or gastrointestinal adverse experiences with sitagliptin compared with placebo." | 2.72 | Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone. ( Charbonnel, B; Karasik, A; Liu, J; Meininger, G; Wu, M, 2006) |
| "Glyburide was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events (including congestive heart failure) than was rosiglitazone (P<0." | 2.72 | Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy. ( Haffner, SM; Heise, MA; Herman, WH; Holman, RR; Jones, NP; Kahn, SE; Kravitz, BG; Lachin, JM; O'Neill, MC; Viberti, G; Zinman, B, 2006) |
| " Outcome measures were the model-based beta-cell function parameters dose-response relating insulin secretion to glucose concentration, rate sensitivity, and potentiation." | 2.72 | Mathematical modeling shows exenatide improved beta-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin or metformin and a sulfonylurea. ( DeFronzo, RA; Ferrannini, E; Halseth, A; Mari, A; Nanayakkara, N; Nielsen, LL, 2006) |
| "Sibutramine treatment raised sitting diastolic blood pressure by > or = 5 mmHg in a higher proportion of patients than did placebo (43% with 15 mg/day vs." | 2.71 | A randomized trial of sibutramine in the management of obese type 2 diabetic patients treated with metformin. ( McNulty, SJ; Ur, E; Williams, G, 2003) |
| "Mean body weight was unchanged in the rosiglitazone group, while it decreased by 2." | 2.71 | Differential effects of rosiglitazone and metformin on adipose tissue distribution and glucose uptake in type 2 diabetic subjects. ( Hällsten, K; Huupponen, R; Janatuinen, T; Knuuti, J; Lönnqvist, F; Lönnroth, P; Nuutila, P; Parkkola, R; Rönnemaa, T; Viljanen, T; Virtanen, KA, 2003) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by both insulin deficiency and insulin resistance." | 2.71 | Beneficial effects of a glyburide/metformin combination preparation in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Bokhari, SU; Duckworth, WC; Gopal, UM, 2003) |
| "Troglitazone treatment increased serum adiponectin levels nearly threefold." | 2.71 | Modulation of circulating and adipose tissue adiponectin levels by antidiabetic therapy. ( Aroda, V; Bandukwala, R; Baxi, S; Carter, L; Ciaraldi, TP; Henry, RR; Kong, AP; Mudaliar, SR; Phillips, SA, 2003) |
| "Treatment with benfluorex was well tolerated; 39% of these patients reported one or more emergent adverse events (compared to 38% on placebo and 43% on metformin) and only two patients suffered a treatment-related, serious adverse event." | 2.71 | Six-month efficacy of benfluorex vs. placebo or metformin in diet-failed type 2 diabetic patients. ( Del Prato, S; Erkelens, DW; Leutenegger, M, 2003) |
| "Troglitazone treatment of type 2 diabetic patients diminishes sCD40L levels, suggesting a novel antiinflammatory mechanism for limiting diabetes-associated arterial disease." | 2.71 | Elevated plasma levels of the atherogenic mediator soluble CD40 ligand in diabetic patients: a novel target of thiazolidinediones. ( Bernal, MR; Calle-Pascual, AL; Fernández-Cruz, A; Goldfine, A; Horton, E; Jarolim, P; Libby, P; Nuzzo, R; Schönbeck, U; Varo, JJ; Varo, N; Veves, A; Vicent, D, 2003) |
| "The extended-release formulation of metformin (MXR) prolongs drug absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract and permits once-daily dosing in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 2.71 | Glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus switched from twice-daily immediate-release metformin to a once-daily extended-release formulation. ( Fujioka, K; Joyal, S; Pans, M, 2003) |
| "To compare the metabolic and vascular effects of two sulphonylureas (SU), gliclazide (specific for the pancreatic [SUR1] receptor) and glimepiride (a nonspecific agent that also binds to vascular and cardiac [SUR2] receptors), during chronic administration in metformin-treated patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM)." | 2.71 | Comparison of the micro- and macro-vascular effects of glimepiride and gliclazide in metformin-treated patients with Type 2 diabetes: a double-blind, crossover study. ( Davis, KR; Dhindsa, P; Donnelly, R, 2003) |
| "Type 2 diabetes affects over 150 million adults worldwide and this figure is expected to double over the next 25 yr." | 2.71 | The diabetes prevention program and its global implications. ( Fujimoto, W; Hamman, RF; Knowler, WC; Molitch, ME, 2003) |
| "Glipizide/metformin was well tolerated, with a low incidence of hypoglycemia." | 2.71 | Multicenter, randomized, double-masked, parallel-group assessment of simultaneous glipizide/metformin as second-line pharmacologic treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus that is inadequately controlled by a sulfonylurea. ( Goldstein, BJ; Pans, M; Rubin, CJ, 2003) |
| " In conclusion, combination treatment with metformin and sulfonylurea is more effective than these drugs alone in improving glycemic control in type 2 diabetes, while also allowing a reduction of the dosage of each drug." | 2.71 | Combination treatment with metformin and glibenclamide versus single-drug therapies in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind, comparative study. ( Brun, E; Coppini, A; Gori, M; Moghetti, P; Muggeo, M; Perobelli, L; Spiazzi, G; Tosi, F; Zanolin, E, 2003) |
| " An additional four subjects dropped out of the oral treatment group due to adverse events felt to be potentially drug related." | 2.71 | Insulin 70/30 mix plus metformin versus triple oral therapy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes after failure of two oral drugs: efficacy, safety, and cost analysis. ( Hollander, P; Lyness, WH; Schwartz, S; Sievers, R; Strange, P, 2003) |
| " Adverse events were reported in only 2." | 2.71 | Efficacy, tolerability and safety of nateglinide in combination with metformin. Results from a study under general practice conditions. ( Lehwalder, D; Schandry, R; Schatz, H; Schoppel, K, 2003) |
| "Metformin is a key treatment option in type 2 diabetes." | 2.71 | Effects of short-term treatment with metformin on serum concentrations of homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. ( Bets, D; Borger van der Burg, B; Donker, AJ; Kooy, A; Lehert, P; Ogterop, JC; Stehouwer, CD; Wulffelé, MG, 2003) |
| "Type 2 diabetes is caused by reduced insulin secretion and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and liver." | 2.71 | The combined effect of triple therapy with rosiglitazone, metformin, and insulin aspart in type 2 diabetic patients. ( Beck-Nielsen, H; Henriksen, JE; Hother-Nielsen, O; Poulsen, MK, 2003) |
| "In the patients with type 2 diabetes, blood flow during infusion of the low dose of ACh averaged 7." | 2.71 | 3.5 years of insulin therapy with insulin glargine improves in vivo endothelial function in type 2 diabetes. ( Vehkavaara, S; Yki-Järvinen, H, 2004) |
| "A total of 34 subjects with type 2 diabetes (17 men and 17 women, aged 54+/-2 years and body mass index (BMI) 26." | 2.71 | Decrease in serum C-reactive protein levels by troglitazone is associated with pretreatment insulin resistance, but independent of its effect on glycemia, in type 2 diabetic subjects. ( Ishibashi, S; Ishikawa, SE; Kusaka, I; Nagasaka, S; Nakamura, T; Yatagai, T; Yoshitaka, A, 2004) |
| "Metformin plus SU was associated with a significant reduction in LDL cholesterol." | 2.71 | One-year glycemic control with a sulfonylurea plus pioglitazone versus a sulfonylurea plus metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Brunetti, P; Charbonnel, BH; Hanefeld, M; Matthews, DR; Schernthaner, GH, 2004) |
| "Treatment with diazoxide did not incur any increase in bedtime insulin." | 2.71 | Nine weeks of bedtime diazoxide is well tolerated and improves beta-cell function in subjects with Type 2 diabetes. ( Grill, V; Kollind, M; Qvigstad, E, 2004) |
| "Thirty-one volunteers with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 16 on dietary therapy and 15 on sulfonylurea monotherapy (SU), were treated with metformin for 12 weeks." | 2.71 | Effect of metformin treatment on multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Abbasi, F; Chu, JW; Lamendola, C; Leary, ET; McLaughlin, T; Reaven, GM, 2004) |
| "Following an open-label, lead-in phase to optimize the dosing of glyburide/metformin tablets, 365 patients randomly received additive therapy comprising rosiglitazone (4 mg once daily) or placebo for 24 weeks." | 2.71 | Glycemic control with glyburide/metformin tablets in combination with rosiglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind trial. ( Bruce, S; Dailey, GE; Fiedorek, FT; Noor, MA; Park, JS, 2004) |
| "Pioglitazone was associated with less hypoglycemia and improved HDL cholesterol levels." | 2.71 | Addition of pioglitazone or bedtime insulin to maximal doses of sulfonylurea and metformin in type 2 diabetes patients with poor glucose control: a prospective, randomized trial. ( Aljabri, K; Kozak, SE; Thompson, DM, 2004) |
| "Seventy-eight Japanese subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus poorly controlled with sulphonylureas [38 men and 40 women, aged 57 +/- 9 years, body mass index 25." | 2.71 | Comparison of pioglitazone and metformin efficacy using homeostasis model assessment. ( Aiso, Y; Ishibashi, S; Nagasaka, S; Yoshizawa, K, 2004) |
| "Metformin treatment, but not placebo treatment, was associated with a decrease in fasting plasma glucose (P <." | 2.71 | Blood pressure and cardiac autonomic nervous system in obese type 2 diabetic patients: effect of metformin administration. ( Barbagallo, M; Esposito, K; Giugliano, D; Grella, R; Manzella, D; Paolisso, G, 2004) |
| " Each of the lower dosages was given for at least 4 weeks and the highest dosage for 16 weeks." | 2.71 | Pioglitazone is effective therapy for elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Khan, M; Murray, FT; Perez, A; Rajagopalan, R; Ye, Z, 2004) |
| "Persons younger than 76 years with type 2 diabetes whose disease had not been controlled with oral hypoglycemic agents alone." | 2.71 | Starting insulin in type 2 diabetes: continue oral hypoglycemic agents? A randomized trial in primary care. ( de Valk, HW; Goudswaard, AN; Rutten, GE; Stolk, RP; Zuithoff, P, 2004) |
| "Weight gain was avoided when MET therapy preceded the addition of TGZ therapy." | 2.71 | Improved glycemic control without weight gain using triple therapy in type 2 diabetes. ( Avilés-Santa, ML; Raskin, P; Strowig, SM, 2004) |
| "Nateglinide 120 mg was given before main meals." | 2.71 | Nateglinide alone or with metformin safely improves glycaemia to target in patients up to an age of 84. ( Atkin, SL; Robertson, D; Weaver, JU, 2004) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes for >/= 1 year were entered into 2 strata of hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) levels (stratum 1: 8." | 2.71 | Effect of Pancreas Tonic (an ayurvedic herbal supplement) in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Bazargan, M; Davidson, MB; Hsia, SH, 2004) |
| "Patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are at high risk of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular complications, and hypoglycaemia increases this risk." | 2.71 | Metabolic variations with oral antidiabetic drugs in patients with Type 2 diabetes: comparison between glimepiride and metformin. ( Ciccarelli, L; Derosa, G; Fogari, R; Franzetti, I; Gadaleta, G, 2004) |
| "Metformin treatment significantly reduced their body weights (p < 0." | 2.71 | Metformin ameliorates treatment of obese type 2 diabetic patients with mental retardation; its effects on eating behavior and serum leptin levels. ( Iguchi, A; Komori, T; Miura, H; Miyazaki, S; Nakamura, J; Yoshida, F, 2004) |
| "Persons with Type 2 diabetes who were poorly controlled on oral therapy were randomly assigned to monotherapy with repaglinide or combination therapy with repaglinide plus metformin." | 2.71 | The combination oral and nutritional treatment of late-onset diabetes mellitus (CONTROL DM) trial results. ( Banerji, MA; Crouse, RJ; Feinglos, MN; Goff, DC; Herrington, DM; Jovanovic, L; Lipkin, EW; Pettitt, DJ; Probstfield, JL; Reboussin, DM; Steffes, M; Summerson, J; Williamson, J, 2004) |
| "Repaglinide is an oral anti-diabetic agent that has a short duration of action, and is suitable for preventing post-prandial rises in glucose levels." | 2.71 | Pre-prandial vs. post-prandial capillary glucose measurements as targets for repaglinide dose titration in people with diet-treated or metformin-treated Type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled clinical trial. ( Garon, J; Gerstein, HC; Joyce, C; Rolfe, A; Walter, CM, 2004) |
| "Glyburide treatment of diabetes decreased CRP and did so even though body weight increased." | 2.71 | Adiponectin and C-reactive protein in obesity, type 2 diabetes, and monodrug therapy. ( Bar, RS; Goldner, WS; Haynes, WG; Putz, DM; Sivitz, WI, 2004) |
| "Metformin is a well-known oral hypoglycaemic agent and has been commonly used, in combination with sulphonylurea, to treat type 2 diabetes." | 2.71 | Metformin or gliclazide, rather than glibenclamide, attenuate progression of carotid intima-media thickness in subjects with type 2 diabetes. ( Hayaishi-Okano, R; Hori, M; Kaneto, H; Katakami, N; Kosugi, K; Matsuhisa, M; Ohtoshi, K; Yamasaki, Y, 2004) |
| " The overall frequency of adverse events was similar between treatment groups, but adverse event profiles were different between treatment groups." | 2.71 | Efficacy and safety of pioglitazone versus metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double-blind, randomized trial. ( Brunetti, P; Charbonnel, B; Hanefeld, M; Matthews, DR; Schernthaner, G, 2004) |
| "In patients with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin, metformin treatment was associated with improvement of endothelial function, which was largely unrelated to changes in glycaemic control, but not with improvement of chronic, low-grade inflammation." | 2.71 | Effects of short-term treatment with metformin on markers of endothelial function and inflammatory activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. ( Bets, D; De Jager, J; Donker, AJ; Kooy, A; Lehert, P; Schalkwijk, CG; Scheffer, PG; Stehouwer, CD; Teerlink, T; Wulffelé, MG, 2005) |
| "Metformin XR was well tolerated; gastrointestinal side effects were more common with metformin XR vs." | 2.71 | Efficacy, dose-response relationship and safety of once-daily extended-release metformin (Glucophage XR) in type 2 diabetic patients with inadequate glycaemic control despite prior treatment with diet and exercise: results from two double-blind, placebo-c ( Brazg, RL; Bruce, S; Fujioka, K; Joyal, S; Pans, M; Raz, I; Swanink, R, 2005) |
| " Insulin dosage was titrated to target FBG | 2.71 | Comparison of basal insulin added to oral agents versus twice-daily premixed insulin as initial insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes. ( Janka, HU; Kliebe-Frisch, C; Plewe, G; Riddle, MC; Schweitzer, MA; Yki-Järvinen, H, 2005) |
| "Metformin was adjusted up to 2,550 mg/day before insulin therapy was initiated with 5-6 units BIAsp 70/30 twice daily or 10-12 units glargine at bedtime and titrated to target blood glucose (80-110 mg/dl) by algorithm-directed titration." | 2.71 | Initiating insulin therapy in type 2 Diabetes: a comparison of biphasic and basal insulin analogs. ( Allen, E; Bode, B; Gabbay, RA; Garber, A; Hollander, P; Hu, P; Lewin, A; Raskin, P, 2005) |
| " Diabetics showed blunted dose-response curves to both SNP and ACh." | 2.71 | Haematocrit, type 2 diabetes, and endothelium-dependent vasodilatation of resistance vessels. ( Baldeweg, S; Baldi, S; Casolaro, A; Ferrannini, E; Natali, A; Sironi, AM; Toschi, E; Yudkin, JS, 2005) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who showed poor glycemic control with glimepiride (4 mg/d) were randomized to rosiglitazone (4 mg/d) and metformin (500 mg bid) treatment groups." | 2.71 | The effects of rosiglitazone and metformin on the plasma concentrations of resistin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Cho, YM; Jung, HS; Kim, SY; Lee, HK; Park, HJ; Park, KS; Shin, CS; Youn, BS; Yu, KY, 2005) |
| "In patients with Type 2 diabetes and inadequate glucose control while on insulin or insulin and oral agent(s) combination therapy, treatment with a twice-daily insulin lispro mixture plus metformin, which targets both post-prandial and pre-meal BG, provided clinically significant improvements in A1c, significantly reduced post-prandial BG after each meal, and reduced nocturnal hypoglycaemia as compared with once-daily glargine plus metformin, a treatment that targets fasting BG." | 2.71 | Twice-daily pre-mixed insulin rather than basal insulin therapy alone results in better overall glycaemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes. ( Augendre-Ferrante, B; Bai, S; Campaigne, BN; Malone, JK; Reviriego, J, 2005) |
| "Troglitazone therapy was compared with other DPP interventions, considering both the short-term "in-trial" results and the longer-term results after troglitazone were discontinued." | 2.71 | Prevention of type 2 diabetes with troglitazone in the Diabetes Prevention Program. ( Barrett-Connor, E; Edelstein, SL; Ehrmann, DA; Fowler, SE; Hamman, RF; Kahn, SE; Knowler, WC; Nathan, DM; Walker, EA, 2005) |
| "0 mg/metformin (M) 400 mg combination with a G 2." | 2.71 | Effects of two different glibenclamide dose-strengths in the fixed combination with metformin in patients with poorly controlled T2DM: a double blind, prospective, randomised, cross-over clinical trial. ( Brunetti, P; Gori, M; Pagano, G; Perriello, G; Turco, C, 2004) |
| "A total of 220 patients with Type 2 diabetes were asked to undergo 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (24-h ABPM)." | 2.71 | Does metformin decrease blood pressure in patients with Type 2 diabetes intensively treated with insulin? ( Bets, D; Donker, AJ; Kooy, A; Lehert, P; Stehouwer, CD; Wulffelé, MG, 2005) |
| "Metformin treatment showed either small mean increases or decreases." | 2.71 | Changes in liver tests during 1-year treatment of patients with Type 2 diabetes with pioglitazone, metformin or gliclazide. ( Belcher, G; Schernthaner, G, 2005) |
| "A total of 114 patients with Type 2 diabetes who had never used oral hypoglycaemic drugs were studied for 12 months." | 2.71 | Comparison of metabolic effects of pioglitazone, metformin, and glimepiride over 1 year in Japanese patients with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes. ( Ichiyanagi, K; Igarashi, K; Kawasaki, T; Sakai, T; Watanabe, H; Yamanouchi, T, 2005) |
| "The extended-release formulation of metformin (MXR) prolongs drug absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract and permits once-daily dosing in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 2.71 | Efficacy of once- or twice-daily extended release metformin compared with thrice-daily immediate release metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Bhansali, A; Masoodi, SR, 2005) |
| "Pioglitazone combination treatment produced significant increases from baseline for average and peak low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size at weeks 12 and 24 (p<0." | 2.71 | Pioglitazone plus a sulphonylurea or metformin is associated with increased lipoprotein particle size in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Johnson, T; Karunaratne, M; Khan, M; Perez, A, 2004) |
| "Patients with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes for a minimum of 1 year received glimepiride (titrated sequentially from 2 to 4 to 8 mg/d over 6 weeks, followed by 20 weeks of maintenance therapy) or placebo in combination with an established regimen of immediate- or extended release metformin and rosiglitazone or pioglitazone." | 2.71 | Triple therapy with glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled by metformin and a thiazolidinedione: results of a 30-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. ( Issa, M; Lake, B; Melis, R; Roberts, VL; Stewart, J, 2005) |
| "Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) that involves uptitration of monotherapy to the maximum dose has been associated with delays in achieving glycemic control and an increased number of adverse events (AEs)." | 2.71 | Rosiglitazone/metformin fixed-dose combination compared with uptitrated metformin alone in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 24-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study. ( Bagdonas, A; Bailey, CJ; Biswas, N; Donaldson, J; McMorn, SO; Rubes, J; Stewart, MW, 2005) |
| " Given the renal tubular transport and extensive urinary excretion of memantine and metformin, it was of interest to assess the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction with glyburide/metformin." | 2.71 | Investigation of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between memantine and glyburide/metformin in healthy young subjects: a single-center, multiple-dose, open-label study. ( Abramowitz, W; Chou, T; Rao, N; Ventura, D, 2005) |
| " These significant levels were achieved within 8 weeks and all patients tolerated the drug well with no reported case of serious adverse events including hypoglycaemia." | 2.71 | Evaluation of efficacy and safety of fixed dose combination of glimepiride 2 mg pluspioglitazone 15 mg plus metformin SR 500 mg in the management of patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. ( Chopra, D; Kinagi, SB; Langade, DG; Meshram, DM; Morye, V; Naikwadi, AA, 2005) |
| "To evaluate the efficacy and safety of two dosage strengths of a single-tablet metformin-glibenclamide (glyburide) combination, compared with the respective monotherapies, in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) inadequately controlled by metformin monotherapy." | 2.70 | Improved glycaemic control with metformin-glibenclamide combined tablet therapy (Glucovance) in Type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled on metformin. ( Allavoine, T; Howlett, H; Lehert, P; Marre, M, 2002) |
| "To compare the effect on glycemic control and weight gain of repaglinide versus metformin combined with bedtime NPH insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes." | 2.70 | Repaglinide versus metformin in combination with bedtime NPH insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes established on insulin/metformin combination therapy. ( Furlong, NJ; Hardy, KJ; Hulme, SA; O'Brien, SV, 2002) |
| "Metformin was titrated to a maximum dose of 2,000 mg and troglitazone to 600 mg." | 2.70 | Comparison of insulin monotherapy and combination therapy with insulin and metformin or insulin and troglitazone in type 2 diabetes. ( Avilés-Santa, ML; Raskin, P; Strowig, SM, 2002) |
| " Adverse events (AEs) were recorded and summarized by treatment group." | 2.70 | Glyburide/metformin combination product is safe and efficacious in patients with type 2 diabetes failing sulphonylurea therapy. ( Blonde, L; Henry, D; Mooradian, AD; Piper, BA; Rosenstock, J, 2002) |
| "Glyburide was associated with a significant increase in QTc (433 +/- 24 to 467 +/- 24 ms, p <0." | 2.70 | Differential effect of glyburide (glibenclamide) and metformin on QT dispersion: a potential adenosine triphosphate sensitive K+ channel effect. ( Khan, IA; Molnar, J; Najeed, SA; Somberg, JC, 2002) |
| "A total of 390 patients whose type 2 diabetes was controlled with insulin therapy completed a randomized controlled double-blind trial with a planned interim analysis after 16 weeks of treatment." | 2.70 | Combination of insulin and metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. ( Bets, D; Borger van der Burg, B; Donker, AJ; Kooy, A; Lehert, P; Ogterop, JC; Stehouwer, CD; Wulffelé, MG, 2002) |
| " No sustained adverse changes in laboratory measures occurred." | 2.70 | Safety and efficacy of acarbose in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes: data from a 5-year surveillance study. ( Mertes, G, 2001) |
| "The thiazolidinedione troglitazone, at a dosage of 400 mg/d, is effective when used in combination with sulfonylurea and metformin." | 2.70 | The effect of a thiazolidinedione drug, troglitazone, on glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus poorly controlled with sulfonylurea and metformin. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. ( Foyt, HL; Ghazzi, MN; Owens-Grillo, JK; Valiquett, TR; Whitcomb, RW; Yale, JF, 2001) |
| "Metformin was tolerated well by the majority of patients." | 2.70 | The effects of metformin on body mass index and glucose tolerance in obese adolescents with fasting hyperinsulinemia and a family history of type 2 diabetes. ( Bursey, D; Freemark, M, 2001) |
| "The miglitol was titrated to 100 mg three times a day and metformin was administered at 500 mg three times a day." | 2.70 | The synergistic effect of miglitol plus metformin combination therapy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. ( Chiasson, JL; Naditch, L, 2001) |
| "Ethnicity-specific glycemic control of type 2 diabetes seems unnecessary, but other risk factors need to be addressed independently." | 2.70 | Relationship between ethnicity and glycemic control, lipid profiles, and blood pressure during the first 9 years of type 2 diabetes: U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS 55). ( Cull, CA; Davis, TM; Holman, RR, 2001) |
| "Metformin-treated patients had higher plasma lactate concentrations than nonmetformin-treated subjects (geometric mean [s." | 2.70 | The relationship between metformin therapy and the fasting plasma lactate in type 2 diabetes: The Fremantle Diabetes Study. ( Bruce, DG; Chubb, P; Davis, TM; Davis, WA; Jackson, D, 2001) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes have abnormal endothelial function but it is not certain whether improvements in glycaemic control will improve endothelial function." | 2.70 | Effects of improved glycaemic control on endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Bagg, W; Braatvedt, GD; Drury, PL; Gamble, G; Sharpe, N; Whalley, GA, 2001) |
| " If the highest dosage could not be tolerated, patients could be down-titrated to 50 mg t." | 2.70 | Miglitol combined with metformin improves glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes. ( Maislos, M; Rybka, J; Schernthaner, G; Segal, P; Van Gaal, L, 2001) |
| "Metformin treatment increased insulin-stimulated whole-body glucose disposal rates by 20% (P < 0." | 2.70 | Regulation of glucose transport and insulin signaling by troglitazone or metformin in adipose tissue of type 2 diabetic subjects. ( Baxi, S; Caulfield, M; Chu, NV; Ciaraldi, TP; Henry, RR; Kim, DD; Kong, AP; Loviscach, M; Mudaliar, S; Plodkowski, R; Reitz, R, 2002) |
| "Metformin was shown to be safe and effective for treatment of type 2 diabetes in pediatric patients." | 2.70 | Effect of metformin in pediatric patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. ( Arslanian, S; Jones, KL; Park, JS; Peterokova, VA; Tomlinson, MJ, 2002) |
| "Troglitazone treatment resulted in a 35 +/- 9% improvement in GDR (P < 0." | 2.70 | Troglitazone but not metformin restores insulin-stimulated phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity and increases p110beta protein levels in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic subjects. ( Chu, N; Ciaraldi, TP; Henry, RR; Kahn, BB; Kim, D; Kim, YB; Kong, A; Mohideen, P; Mudaliar, S, 2002) |
| "The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in children and adolescents has substantially increased over the past decade." | 2.70 | Beta-cell response to intravenous glucagon in African-American and Hispanic children with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Banerji, MA; Bastian, W; Castells, S; Taha, DR; Umpaichitra, V, 2002) |
| "Therefore, glibenclamide treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus may have hazardous cardiovascular effects when used under conditions of ischaemia." | 2.70 | Vascular effects of glibenclamide vs. glimepiride and metformin in Type 2 diabetic patients. ( Abbink, EJ; Jansen van Rosendaal, A; Lutterman, JA; Pickkers, P; Russel, FG; Smits, P; Tack, CJ, 2002) |
| "Troglitazone therapy was associated with increases in LDL size (26." | 2.70 | Differential effects of metformin and troglitazone on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Armstrong, D; Baxi, S; Caulfield, M; Chu, NV; Deutsch, R; Henry, RR; Kim, DD; Kong, AP; Mudaliar, SR; Reaven, PD; Reitz, R, 2002) |
| "Obese and overweight type 2 diabetes patients treated with insulin for at least 1 year, and with poor glycaemic control (HbA1c > upper reference level + 2%), were included in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study." | 2.70 | Long-term glycaemic improvement after addition of metformin to insulin in insulin-treated obese type 2 diabetes patients. ( Hermann, LS; Kalén, J; Katzman, P; Lager, I; Nilsson, A; Norrhamn, O; Sartor, G; Ugander, L, 2001) |
| "At baseline, 5." | 2.70 | Evaluation of liver function in type 2 diabetic patients during clinical trials: evidence that rosiglitazone does not cause hepatic dysfunction. ( Freed, MI; Kreider, M; Lebovitz, HE, 2002) |
| "Fifty-one subjects with Type 2 diabetes and secondary oral hypoglycaemic agent failure were studied in a randomised, open and parallel study." | 2.70 | The contribution of metformin to glycaemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving combination therapy with insulin. ( Chow, CC; Cockram, CS; Jorgensen, LN; Tong, PC, 2002) |
| "Metformin treatment for 10 weeks significantly increased AMPK alpha2 activity in the skeletal muscle, and this was associated with increased phosphorylation of AMPK on Thr172 and decreased acetyl-CoA carboxylase-2 activity." | 2.70 | Metformin increases AMP-activated protein kinase activity in skeletal muscle of subjects with type 2 diabetes. ( Bavenholm, P; Efendic, S; Goodyear, LJ; Hirshman, MF; Ljunqvist, O; Moller, DE; Musi, N; Nygren, J; Rooyackers, O; Svanfeldt, M; Thorell, A; Williamson, JM; Zhou, G, 2002) |
| "458 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes that could not be controlled with diet and had hyperglycemic symptoms or fasting plasma glucose levels greater than 15 mmol/L during the initial 3 months of diet therapy (primary diet failure group) and 1620 patients in whom disease was controlled by diet therapy and who had fasting plasma glucose levels of 6 to 15 mmol/L and no hyperglycemic symptoms while receiving diet therapy alone." | 2.69 | United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study 24: a 6-year, randomized, controlled trial comparing sulfonylurea, insulin, and metformin therapy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes that could not be controlled with diet therapy. United Kingdom Pro ( , 1998) |
| " In study 2 (n = 14), subjects already established on adjunctive metformin/insulin therapy stopped the metformin component and received 12 weeks of metformin at their baseline dosage (range 1-2." | 2.69 | The effects of metformin on glycemic control and serum lipids in insulin-treated NIDDM patients with suboptimal metabolic control. ( Burke, J; Elkeles, RS; Johnston, DG; Robinson, AC; Robinson, S, 1998) |
| " Another patient on acarbose developed severe hypoglycemia; glycemic control was subsequently maintained on half the baseline dosage of sulfonylurea." | 2.69 | Acarbose in NIDDM patients with poor control on conventional oral agents. A 24-week placebo-controlled study. ( Ip, TP; Lam, KS; Tam, SC; Tiu, SC; Tsang, MW, 1998) |
| "Metformin treatment was associated with significantly lower fasting plasma glucose concentrations and lower day-long plasma glucose and FFA concentrations." | 2.69 | Further evidence for a central role of adipose tissue in the antihyperglycemic effect of metformin. ( Abbasi, F; Carantoni, M; Chen, YD; Reaven, GM, 1998) |
| "Defective GS activity in obese NIDDM patients is not secondary to hyperglycemia." | 2.69 | Irreversibility of the defect in glycogen synthase activity in skeletal muscle from obese patients with NIDDM treated with diet and metformin. ( Beck-Nielsen, H; Damsbo, P; Hermann, LS; Hother-Nielsen, O; Vaag, A, 1998) |
| "In patients with type 2 diabetes, intensive blood-glucose control with insulin or sulphonylurea therapy decreases progression of microvascular disease and may also reduce the risk of heart attacks." | 2.69 | Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. ( , 1998) |
| "In subjects with type 2 diabetes consuming 30-60% of energy from carbohydrate, the effect of acarbose on HbA1c and gastrointestinal symptoms was not related to carbohydrate intake." | 2.69 | No relationship between carbohydrate intake and effect of acarbose on HbA1c or gastrointestinal symptoms in type 2 diabetic subjects consuming 30-60% of energy from carbohydrate. ( Chiasson, JL; Hunt, JA; Josse, RG; Palmason, C; Rodger, NW; Ross, SA; Ryan, EA; Tan, MH; Wolever, TM, 1998) |
| "The results of this study demonstrate that the addition of acarbose to patients with type 2 diabetes who are inadequately controlled with metformin and diet is safe and generally well tolerated and that it significantly lowers HbA1c and fasting and postprandial glucose and insulin levels." | 2.69 | Efficacy and safety of acarbose in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Brown, A; Fischer, J; Jain, A; Krol, A; Littlejohn, T; Magner, J; Nadeau, D; Rosenstock, J; Sussman, A; Taylor, T, 1998) |
| "The treatment of NIDDM patients with secondary failure to sulphonylurea is a common problem." | 2.69 | Efficacy of combined treatments in NIDDM patients with secondary failure to sulphonylureas. Is it predictable? ( Anello, M; Guardabasso, V; Italia, S; Licciardello, C; Mazzarino, S; Raimondo, M; Runello, F; Sangiorgi, L; Trischitta, V; Vigneri, R, 1998) |
| "Fifty-seven patients affected by type 2 diabetes for at least 5 years, aged 61." | 2.69 | [Gliclazide and metformin combination in patients with type 2 diabetes. Preliminary data]. ( Arcangeli, A; Fiore, G; Galeone, F; Mannucci, E, 1998) |
| "Metformin treatment increases circulating homocysteine levels." | 2.69 | Folate administration reduces circulating homocysteine levels in NIDDM patients on long-term metformin treatment. ( Aarsand, AK; Carlsen, SM, 1998) |
| "To compare the effects of bedtime NPH Insulin vs Metformin combined with Glibenclamide in patients who are obese and had secondary failure to sulphonylurea treatment." | 2.69 | Comparison of bedtime NPH insulin or metformin combined with glibenclamide in secondary sulphonylurea failure in obese type II (NIDDM) patients. ( Muzaffar, Z; Niazi, R, 1998) |
| "Repaglinide monotherapy was as effective as metformin monotherapy." | 2.69 | Effect of repaglinide addition to metformin monotherapy on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Boyages, S; Carter, J; Colagiuri, S; Donnelly, T; Hopkins, H; Kidson, W; Moffitt, P; Moses, R; Slobodniuk, R, 1999) |
| "In 10 patients with NIDDM receiving glibenclamide (CAS 10238-21-8) the fasting plasma amylin level was twofold higher than in healthy control (2." | 2.69 | Effect of oral antidiabetic agents on plasma amylin level in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 2). ( Bak, MI; Czyzyk, A; Dworak, A; Zapecka-Dubno, B, 1999) |
| "Metformin is an oral antihyperglycemic agent used in the therapy of noninsulin-dependent diabetic patients." | 2.69 | Determination of plasma metformin by a new cation-exchange HPLC technique. ( Bonfigli, AR; Coppa, G; De Sio, G; Gregorio, F; Manfrini, S; Testa, I; Testa, R, 1999) |
| "Metformin is an effective adjunct to insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes." | 2.69 | Effects of metformin in patients with poorly controlled, insulin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. ( Avilés-Santa, L; Raskin, P; Sinding, J, 1999) |
| "Troglitazone and metformin lower glucose levels in diabetic patients without increasing plasma insulin levels." | 2.69 | A comparison of troglitazone and metformin on insulin requirements in euglycemic intensively insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients. ( Kruszynska, YT; Mulford, MI; Olefsky, JM; Yu, JG, 1999) |
| "Metformin was added progressively over a year in total doses of 1." | 2.69 | [The combination of insulin and metformin in obese patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus]. ( Ibarra Rueda, JM; Ruiz de Adana Pérez, R; Sánchez-Barba Izquierdo, MI, 1999) |
| " Patients were randomly assigned to sulphonylurea increased up to its maximum dosage (1st group) or to addition of metformin (2nd group)." | 2.69 | Poorly controlled elderly Type 2 diabetic patients: the effects of increasing sulphonylurea dosages or adding metformin. ( Ambrosi, F; Carle, F; Filipponi, P; Gregorio, F; Manfrini, S; Merante, D; Testa, R; Velussi, M, 1999) |
| "Metformin is a biguanide antihyperglycemic agent that increases peripheral insulin sensitivity, reduces hepatic gluconeogenesis, and decreases intestinal glucose absorption." | 2.69 | Combined metformin and insulin therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Bets, D; Elte, JW; Lehert, P; Ponssen, HH; Schouten, JP, 2000) |
| " In all, 60% of patients in the acarbose group and 33% in the placebo group had an adverse event considered to be possibly or probably related to drug therapy, leading to withdrawal by 15 and 3%, respectively." | 2.69 | Efficacy and safety of acarbose add-on therapy in the treatment of overweight patients with Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. ( Grangé, V; Halimi, S; Le Berre, MA, 2000) |
| "Metformin treatment was effective, safe, and generally well tolerated." | 2.69 | The effect of metformin on glycemic control, serum lipids and lipoproteins in diet alone and sulfonylurea-treated type 2 diabetic patients with sub-optimal metabolic control. ( Ali, M; Jan, M; Maheri, WM; Memon, MY; Mughal, MA, 2000) |
| "This study was undertaken to assess the efficacy and tolerability of pioglitazone in combination with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 2.69 | Pioglitazone hydrochloride in combination with metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. The Pioglitazone 027 Study Group. ( Egan, JW; Einhorn, D; Mathisen, AL; Rendell, M; Rosenzweig, J; Schneider, RL, 2000) |
| "Fifty-three Chinese patients with NIDDM (mean age 53." | 2.68 | Comparison of insulin with or without continuation of oral hypoglycemic agents in the treatment of secondary failure in NIDDM patients. ( Chow, CC; Cockram, CS; Sorensen, JP; Tsang, LW, 1995) |
| "The treatment of Type II diabetes (NIDDM) includes an appropriate diet and prudent exercise program." | 2.68 | Acarbose for the treatment of type II diabetes: the results of a Canadian multi-centre trial. ( Josse, RG, 1995) |
| " They were poorly controlled with diet plus sulfonylurea alone or plus sulfonylurea combined with metformin drugs." | 2.68 | Effects of alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (acarbose) combined with sulfonylurea or sulfonylurea and metformin in treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. ( Nitiyanant, W; Peerapatdit, T; Ploybutr, S; Vannasaeng, S; Vichayanrat, A, 1995) |
| "Metformin was clinically well-tolerated." | 2.68 | Is metformin safe enough for ageing type 2 diabetic patients? ( Ambrosi, F; Filipponi, P; Gregorio, F; Manfrini, S; Testa, I, 1996) |
| "Thirty-nine mildly obese NIDDM patients (BMI 25." | 2.68 | Daytime glibenclamide and bedtime NPH insulin compared to intensive insulin treatment in secondary sulphonylurea failure: a 1-year follow-up. ( Clauson, P; Efendic, S; Karlander, S; Steen, L, 1996) |
| "Of the poorly controlled female NIDDM patients on sulfonylurea treatment, 18 were randomly selected from the outpatient diabetic clinic for study." | 2.68 | A comparison of acarbose versus metformin as an adjuvant therapy in sulfonylurea-treated NIDDM patients. ( Adalar, N; Bayraktar, M; Van Thiel, DH, 1996) |
| "Metformin was given for 12 weeks in an increasing dose up to 850 mg three times daily in a double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over design to 27 subjects (age 53." | 2.68 | Effect of metformin on intact proinsulin and des 31,32 proinsulin concentrations in subjects with non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus. ( Ali, VM; Nagi, DK; Yudkin, JS, 1996) |
| "Thirty NIDDM patients, in ideal metabolic control, who were being treated with GL-PHEN were divided in two groups." | 2.68 | Therapeutic effect of glibenclamide in a fixed combination with metformin or phenformin in NIDDM patients. ( Halvatsiotis, PG; Raptis, AE; Raptis, SA; Tountas, NB; Yalouris, AG, 1996) |
| "Metformin treatment significantly reduced basal fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, and platelet aggregation to ADP (P < 0." | 2.68 | Metformin improves hemodynamic and rheological responses to L-arginine in NIDDM patients. ( Acampora, R; De Rosa, N; Giugliano, D; Giunta, R; Marfella, R; Verrazzo, G; Ziccardi, P, 1996) |
| "Metformin is an effective, safe, and well-tolerated treatment that improves metabolic control and favorably modifies secondary clinical alterations due to insulin resistance, such as arterial hypertension, overweight, and hyperlipidemia, in obese patients with NIDDM suffering from secondary failure to sulfonylureas." | 2.68 | Metformin's effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with secondary failure to sulfonylureas. ( Espinosa-Campos, J; Fanghänel, G; Sánchez-Reyes, L; Sotres, D; Trujillo, C, 1996) |
| "Metformin treatment significantly reduced fasting plasma glucose (196 +/- 18 vs." | 2.68 | Metabolic effects of metformin on glucose and lactate metabolism in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. ( Consoli, A; Cusi, K; DeFronzo, RA, 1996) |
| " The pharmacodynamic effects (on plasma glucose and insulin) of metformin in patients with NIDDM and in healthy subjects also were assessed." | 2.68 | Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metformin in healthy subjects and patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. ( Benet, LZ; Chiang, J; Goodman, AM; Karam, JH; Lin, ET; Liu, CY; O'Conner, M; Sambol, NC, 1996) |
| "Fourteen patients with NIDDM received metformin or glibenclamide for 1 month in a double-blind, randomized crossover study." | 2.68 | Comparative effects of glibenclamide and metformin on ambulatory blood pressure and cardiovascular reactivity in NIDDM. ( Daher, A; Diamond, T; Howes, LG; Lykos, D; Morris, R; Sundaresan, P, 1997) |
| " Moreover adding a bed-time dosage to the standard administration at meal times seems to be an effective therapeutical strategy." | 2.68 | Meformin, plasma glucose and free fatty acids in type II diabetic out-patients: results of a clinical study. ( Ambrosi, F; Filipponi, P; Gregorio, F; Manfrini, S; Santucci, A, 1997) |
| "Subjects with NIDDM in four treatment strata: 77 on diet alone, 83 also treated with metformin, 103 also treated with sulfonylurea and 91 also treated with insulin." | 2.68 | Small weight loss on long-term acarbose therapy with no change in dietary pattern or nutrient intake of individuals with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. ( Chiasson, JL; Hunt, JA; Josse, RG; Palmason, C; Rodger, NW; Ross, SA; Ryan, EA; Tan, MH; Wolever, TM, 1997) |
| "Metformin treatment was associated with significantly lower day-long plasma glucose and FFA concentrations." | 2.68 | Results of a placebo-controlled study of the metabolic effects of the addition of metformin to sulfonylurea-treated patients. Evidence for a central role of adipose tissue. ( Abbasi, F; Carantoni, M; Chen, YD; Kamath, V; Reaven, GM; Rizvi, AA, 1997) |
| "Ninety-six patients with NIDDM (35-70 years of age, body mass index (BMI) < or = 35 kg/m2, insufficiently treated with diet alone, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c; 7% to 11%) were randomized into 3 groups and treated for 24 weeks with acarbose, 3 x 100 mg/day, or metformin, 2 x 850 mg/day, or placebo." | 2.68 | Efficacy of 24-week monotherapy with acarbose, metformin, or placebo in dietary-treated NIDDM patients: the Essen-II Study. ( Hoffmann, J; Spengler, M, 1997) |
| "Metformin appears to be a useful therapeutic option for physicians who wish to titrate drug therapy to achieve target glucose concentrations." | 2.68 | Efficacy of metformin in type II diabetes: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-response trial. ( Duncan, TG; Garber, AJ; Goodman, AM; Mills, DJ; Rohlf, JL, 1997) |
| " The first three dose levels comprised increasing single-drug therapy (M or G) or primary combination at increasing but low dosage (MGL), and the second three levels were composed of various high-dose combinations, i." | 2.67 | Therapeutic comparison of metformin and sulfonylurea, alone and in various combinations. A double-blind controlled study. ( Bitzén, PO; Hermann, LS; Kjellström, T; Lindgärde, F; Melander, A; Scherstén, B, 1994) |
| "026) was observed, at lower dosage (p = 0." | 2.67 | Antihyperglycaemic efficacy, response prediction and dose-response relations of treatment with metformin and sulphonylurea, alone and in primary combination. ( Hermann, LS; Melander, A; Scherstén, B, 1994) |
| "To compare the metabolic and hemodynamic effects of metformin and glibenclamide in normotensive NIDDM patients." | 2.67 | Metabolic and hemodynamic effects of metformin and glibenclamide in normotensive NIDDM patients. ( Chan, JC; Cockram, CS; Critchley, JA; Tomlinson, B; Walden, RJ, 1993) |
| "Metformin therapy was associated with a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose (6." | 2.67 | The impact of metformin therapy on hepatic glucose production and skeletal muscle glycogen synthase activity in overweight type II diabetic patients. ( Argyraki, M; Cooper, BG; Heseltine, L; Johnson, AB; Sum, CF; Taylor, R; Webster, JM, 1993) |
| "Metformin was well tolerated by all diabetics." | 2.67 | Metformin for obese, insulin-treated diabetic patients: improvement in glycaemic control and reduction of metabolic risk factors. ( Ceriello, A; Consoli, G; D'Onofrio, F; De Rosa, N; Giugliano, D; Minei, A; Quatraro, A, 1993) |
| "We performed LDL analyses on 16 NIDDM patients with stable glycemic control." | 2.67 | Effects of gemfibrozil on low-density lipoprotein particle size, density distribution, and composition in patients with type II diabetes. ( Kuusi, T; Lahdenperä, S; Taskinen, MR; Tilly-Kiesi, M; Vuorinen-Markkola, H, 1993) |
| "Twenty-two NIDDM patients completed an open randomized cross-over study comparing metformin and glibenclamide over 1 year." | 2.67 | Prospective comparative study in NIDDM patients of metformin and glibenclamide with special reference to lipid profiles. ( Hermann, LS; Karlsson, JE; Sjöstrand, A, 1991) |
| "Metformin can therefore lower total and LDL cholesterol in NIDDM and this effect appears to be maintained long term." | 2.67 | The effects of oral hypoglycaemic drugs on serum lipids and lipoproteins in non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM). ( Elkeles, RS, 1991) |
| "In this study we compared, in 12 NIDDM patients with secondary failure to glyburide, the effect of adding either a single, low-dose bed time NPH insulin injection (0." | 2.67 | Treatment of NIDDM patients with secondary failure to glyburide: comparison of the addition of either metformin or bed-time NPH insulin to glyburide. ( Italia, S; Mazzarino, S; Rabuazzo, MA; Squatrito, S; Trischitta, V; Vigneri, R, 1991) |
| " Both the Metformin and the insulin dosage were adapted to the response of metabolic control." | 2.67 | Sulfonylurea-metformin-combination versus sulfonylurea-insulin-combination in secondary failures of sulfonylurea monotherapy. Results of a prospective randomized study in 50 patients. ( Klein, W, 1991) |
| "Metformin was administered and built up to a maximum dosage of 1 g three times daily." | 2.67 | Double-blind evaluation of efficacy and tolerability of metformin in NIDDM. ( Dornan, TL; Heller, SR; Peck, GM; Tattersall, RB, 1991) |
| "The role of insulin in the therapy of NIDDM is still under discussion." | 2.67 | Insulin and sulphonylurea in the therapy of type 2 diabetes. ( Huupponen, R; Karvonen, I; Rytömaa, K; Sotaniemi, EA; Vierimaa, E; Vuoti, MJ, 1990) |
| " SGLT2is and incretin-based agents combination therapy is efficacious and safe versus SGLT2is alone in T2DMs." | 2.66 | Meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors and incretin based agents combination therapy vs. SGLT2i alone or add-on to metformin in type 2 diabetes. ( Geng, Z; Huang, Y; Shen, L; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Zhou, Y, 2020) |
| "Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic agent extensively used as first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes." | 2.66 | Metformin: Up to Date. ( De Pergola, G; Giagulli, VA; Grimaldi, F; Guastamacchia, E; Iacoviello, M; Licchelli, B; Sciannimanico, S; Triggiani, V; Vescini, F, 2020) |
| "Phenformin was once used to lower blood glucose levels, but later withdrawn from the market in several countries because it was frequently associated with lactic acidosis." | 2.66 | A review of phenformin, metformin, and imeglimin. ( Fraser-Spears, R; Kim, SS; La-Viola, B; Ramsinghani, S; Sikazwe, D; Witte, AP; Yendapally, R, 2020) |
| "Metformin was the first glucose-lowering agent reported to improve cardiovascular outcomes in the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) and thus became the foundation of standard care." | 2.66 | Metformin and cardiorenal outcomes in diabetes: A reappraisal. ( Campbell, IW; Petrie, JR; Rossing, PR, 2020) |
| "The most characteristic features of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance, however, patients with T2DM are at higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and atherosclerosis." | 2.66 | An investigation into the pleiotropic activity of metformin. A glimpse of haemostasis. ( Huttunen, KM; Markowicz-Piasecka, M; Mikiciuk-Olasik, E; Podsiedlik, M; Sadkowska, A; Sikora, J, 2020) |
| " OHMs should be evaluated as individual drugs, not generalized as a class, due to different dosing and adverse-event profiles; Glimepiride is the preferred sulfonylurea since it is not associated with the adverse events as others in its class." | 2.66 | Reducing the Burden of Diabetes Treatment: A Review of Low-cost Oral Hypoglycemic Medications. ( Hyman, DJ; Rueda, JJ; Samson, SL; Vaughan, EM, 2020) |
| "Metformin is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and has shown therapeutic effects in preclinical models of other pathologies, such as cancer and autoimmune diseases." | 2.66 | Context-Dependent Pharmacological Effects of Metformin on the Immune System. ( Caserta, CA; Lefoulon, F; Marcucci, F; Romeo, E; Rumio, C, 2020) |
| "However, the effect of metformin on gastric cancer risk and survival rate in T2DM patients remains controversial." | 2.66 | The effect of metformin on gastric cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Li, C; Shuai, Y; Zhou, X, 2020) |
| "The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (DM2) diagnosed in childhood and adolescence is currently increasing, and is characterised by a rapidly progressive decline in beta-cells and insulin resistance." | 2.66 | [Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adolescents and young adults in primary care]. ( Alonso-Fernández, M; Escobar-Lavado, FJ; González-Mohino Loro, B; Miravet-Jiménez, S; Pérez-Unanua, MP; Piera-Carbonell, A, 2020) |
| "However, statin failed to reduce chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and heart failure (HF)." | 2.66 | Second revolution in cardiovascular prevention. ( Chao, TF; Cheng, HM; Chiang, CE; Sung, SH; Wang, KL, 2020) |
| " The available literature with regard to incidence of adverse events and toxicity of hypoglycemic therapies is reviewed." | 2.66 | Toxicity of Metformin and Hypoglycemic Therapies. ( Akhter, MS; Uppal, P, 2020) |
| "Metformin prescription was associated with a 28% reduction in AAA occurrence, while SU and TZD were associated with a 18% decrease in AAA risk." | 2.66 | Abdominal aortic aneurysm: a review on the role of oral antidiabetic drugs. ( Mansilha, A; Oliveira-Pinto, J; Ribeiro-Silva, M, 2020) |
| "Metformin is a biguanide that in the context of type 2 diabetes primarily targets the liver." | 2.66 | Metformin in Oncology - How Far Is Its Repurposing as an Anticancer Drug? ( Kaňková, K; Pácal, L, 2020) |
| "Metformin treatment was associated with decreased lung cancer incidence (HR 0." | 2.66 | The effect of metformin on lung cancer risk and survival in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis. ( Li, X; Liu, F; Liu, J; Wu, Q; Xiao, K; Xu, J, 2020) |
| "Metformin is a widely used biguanide drug due to its safety and low cost." | 2.66 | Metformin and Its Benefits for Various Diseases. ( Guo, Y; Lv, Z, 2020) |
| "The incidence of type 2 diabetes is rapidly rising worldwide leading to an increasing burden of cardiovascular and microvascular complications." | 2.66 | Advances in the management of diabetes: therapies for type 2 diabetes. ( Chowdhury, A; Chowdhury, TA; Tsoutsouki, J; Wunna, W, 2020) |
| "Metformin has undisputed glucose-lowering effects in diabetes and an impressive safety record." | 2.66 | Metformin Biodistribution: A Key to Mechanisms of Action? ( Gormsen, LC; Jakobsen, S; Jensen, JB; Jessen, N; Sundelin, E, 2020) |
| "Metformin is a glucose-lowering agent that is used as a first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes (T2D)." | 2.66 | Significance of Metformin Use in Diabetic Kidney Disease. ( Kawanami, D; Takashi, Y; Tanabe, M, 2020) |
| "Metformin has failed to demonstrate a beneficial effect on NDs." | 2.66 | Association between metformin and neurodegenerative diseases of observational studies: systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Jiang, N; Li, Y; Ping, F, 2020) |
| " The outcomes included changes in HbA1c, FPG, body weight, SBP, DBP and adverse reactions." | 2.66 | Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin plus saxagliptin vs monotherapy as added to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis. ( Li, M; Song, J; Ying, M; Zhuang, Y, 2020) |
| " The purpose of this article was to review the pharmacology, clinical trials, safety profile, along with recommended dosing and costs, of oral semaglutide used for managing patients with T2DM." | 2.66 | Oral Semaglutide: The First-available Noninjectable Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist. ( Piszczatoski, C; Powell, J; Taylor, JR, 2020) |
| "Inflammation is implicated in the development and severity of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as well as in the pathophysiology of diabetes." | 2.66 | Anti-inflammatory properties of antidiabetic drugs: A "promised land" in the COVID-19 era? ( Ferrannini, E; Katsiki, N, 2020) |
| "In the case of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and vascular disease or high vascular disease risk, when lifestyle changes and metformin are inadequate, the use of drugs with proven vascular benefit should be prioritised." | 2.66 | [Statement of the Spanish Interdisciplinary Vascular Prevention Committee on the updated European Cardiovascular Prevention Guidelines.] ( Alonso de Leciñana, M; Armario, P; Aznar Lain, S; Brotons, C; Castro, A; Clarà, A; Cortés, O; Díaz Rodriguez, Á; Elosua, R; Herranz, M; Justo, S; Lahoz, C; Pedro-Botet, J; Pérez Pérez, A; Royo-Bordonada, MÁ; Santamaria, R; Tresserras, R, 2020) |
| "Metformin is a widely used drug that results in clear benefits in relation to glucose metabolism and diabetes-related complications." | 2.66 | The clinical application of metformin in children and adolescents: A short update. ( Alaaraj, N; De Sanctis, V; Hamed, N; Soliman, A, 2020) |
| "The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide and nowadays T2D already became a global epidemic." | 2.66 | Pharmacogenetics of Type 2 Diabetes-Progress and Prospects. ( Danilova, MM; Glotov, AS; Mikhailova, AA; Nasykhova, YA; Tonyan, ZN, 2020) |
| "Metformin was originally derived from a botanical ancestry and became the most prescribed, first-line therapy for Type 2 diabetes in most countries." | 2.66 | Role of metformin in various pathologies: state-of-the-art microcapsules for improving its pharmacokinetics. ( Al-Salami, H; Dass, CR; Gedawy, A, 2020) |
| "Metformin-based treatments relative to any other measure displayed significantly lower risks of all-cause mortality (Pooled RRs 0." | 2.66 | Metformin Use and Risk of All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ( Fu, P; Hu, Y; Huang, X; Ke, G; Lei, M; Peng, X; Zhong, L, 2020) |
| "Metformin has been a longstanding and safe treatment for the control of blood glucose in people with T2DM." | 2.66 | Metformin for Preventing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Women with a Previous Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes: A Narrative Review. ( Anjana, RM; Beks, H; Dunbar, JA; Hague, W; Khunti, K; McNamara, K; Mohan, V; Versace, VL; Wesley, H, 2020) |
| "A key feature in the etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus, which appears in the prediabetic phase, is a significant deficiency, compared to healthy controls, in highly flexible poly-cis-unsaturated fatty acyl chains in membrane phospholipids." | 2.66 | The Metformin Paradox. ( Bekedam, DJ; Weijers, RNM, 2020) |
| "The pooled HR of prostate cancer for metformin therapy was 0." | 2.66 | Effect of metformin on the risk of prostate cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes by considering different confounding factors: a meta-analysis of observational studies. ( Bi, Y; Chen, T; Liu, X; Sun, Y; Tang, J; Wang, Y; Yan, P; Zhang, ZJ; Zhou, W, 2020) |
| "Although body weight was unchanged during sulfonylurea/metformin therapy, lean body mass and energy expenditure decreased significantly (p less than 0." | 2.66 | Different effects of insulin and oral antidiabetic agents on glucose and energy metabolism in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. ( Ekstrand, A; Eriksson, J; Franssila-Kallunki, A; Groop, L; Saloranta, C; Schalin, C; Widén, E, 1989) |
| "Metformin therapy was associated with a significant fall in serum fructosamine levels (3." | 2.66 | The effects of metformin on adipocyte insulin action and metabolic control in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes. ( Bak, J; Beck-Nielsen, H; Nielsen, O; Pedersen, O; Richelsen, B; Sørensen, N, 1989) |
| "Metformin can lower serum total and LDL cholesterol in non-insulin dependent diabetics and this effect is maintained long term." | 2.66 | The reduction of low density lipoprotein cholesterol by metformin is maintained with long-term therapy. ( Elkeles, RS; Rains, SG; Richmond, W; Wilson, GA, 1989) |
| "Metformin treatment significantly reduced mean day-time plasma glucose levels (10." | 2.66 | Metformin improves peripheral but not hepatic insulin action in obese patients with type II diabetes. ( Andersen, PH; Beck-Nielsen, H; Hother-Nielsen, O; Pedersen, O; Schmitz, O, 1989) |
| "Mycophenolic acid was detected in all cats." | 2.61 | ( Abrams, G; Adolfsson, E; Agarwal, PK; Akkan, AG; Al Alhareth, NS; Alves, VGL; Armentano, R; Bahroos, E; Baig, M; Baldridge, KK; Barman, S; Bartolucci, C; Basit, A; Bertoli, SV; Bian, L; Bigatti, G; Bobenko, AI; Boix, PP; Bokulic, T; Bolink, HJ; Borowiec, J; Bulski, W; Burciaga, J; Butt, NS; Cai, AL; Campos, AM; Cao, G; Cao, Y; Čapo, I; Caruso, ML; Chao, CT; Cheatum, CM; Chelminski, K; Chen, AJW; Chen, C; Chen, CH; Chen, D; Chen, G; Chen, H; Chen, LH; Chen, R; Chen, RX; Chen, X; Cherdtrakulkiat, R; Chirvony, VS; Cho, JG; Chu, K; Ciurlino, D; Coletta, S; Contaldo, G; Crispi, F; Cui, JF; D'Esposito, M; de Biase, S; Demir, B; Deng, W; Deng, Z; Di Pinto, F; Domenech-Ximenos, B; Dong, G; Drácz, L; Du, XJ; Duan, LJ; Duan, Y; Ekendahl, D; Fan, W; Fang, L; Feng, C; Followill, DS; Foreman, SC; Fortunato, G; Frew, R; Fu, M; Gaál, V; Ganzevoort, W; Gao, DM; Gao, X; Gao, ZW; Garcia-Alvarez, A; Garza, MS; Gauthier, L; Gazzaz, ZJ; Ge, RS; Geng, Y; Genovesi, S; Geoffroy, V; Georg, D; Gigli, GL; Gong, J; Gong, Q; Groeneveld, J; Guerra, V; Guo, Q; Guo, X; Güttinger, R; Guyo, U; Haldar, J; Han, DS; Han, S; Hao, W; Hayman, A; He, D; Heidari, A; Heller, S; Ho, CT; Ho, SL; Hong, SN; Hou, YJ; Hu, D; Hu, X; Hu, ZY; Huang, JW; Huang, KC; Huang, Q; Huang, T; Hwang, JK; Izewska, J; Jablonski, CL; Jameel, T; Jeong, HK; Ji, J; Jia, Z; Jiang, W; Jiang, Y; Kalumpha, M; Kang, JH; Kazantsev, P; Kazemier, BM; Kebede, B; Khan, SA; Kiss, J; Kohen, A; Kolbenheyer, E; Konai, MM; Koniarova, I; Kornblith, E; Krawetz, RJ; Kreouzis, T; Kry, SF; Laepple, T; Lalošević, D; Lan, Y; Lawung, R; Lechner, W; Lee, KH; Lee, YH; Leonard, C; Li, C; Li, CF; Li, CM; Li, F; Li, J; Li, L; Li, S; Li, X; Li, Y; Li, YB; Li, Z; Liang, C; Lin, J; Lin, XH; Ling, M; Link, TM; Liu, HH; Liu, J; Liu, M; Liu, W; Liu, YP; Lou, H; Lu, G; Lu, M; Lun, SM; Ma, Z; Mackensen, A; Majumdar, S; Martineau, C; Martínez-Pastor, JP; McQuaid, JR; Mehrabian, H; Meng, Y; Miao, T; Miljković, D; Mo, J; Mohamed, HSH; Mohtadi, M; Mol, BWJ; Moosavi, L; Mosdósi, B; Nabu, S; Nava, E; Ni, L; Novakovic-Agopian, T; Nyamunda, BC; Nyul, Z; Önal, B; Özen, D; Özyazgan, S; Pajkrt, E; Palazon, F; Park, HW; Patai, Á; Patai, ÁV; Patzke, GR; Payette, G; Pedoia, V; Peelen, MJCS; Pellitteri, G; Peng, J; Perea, RJ; Pérez-Del-Rey, D; Popović, DJ; Popović, JK; Popović, KJ; Posecion, L; Povall, J; Prachayasittikul, S; Prachayasittikul, V; Prat-González, S; Qi, B; Qu, B; Rakshit, S; Ravelli, ACJ; Ren, ZG; Rivera, SM; Salo, P; Samaddar, S; Samper, JLA; Samy El Gendy, NM; Schmitt, N; Sekerbayev, KS; Sepúlveda-Martínez, Á; Sessolo, M; Severi, S; Sha, Y; Shen, FF; Shen, X; Shen, Y; Singh, P; Sinthupoom, N; Siri, S; Sitges, M; Slovak, JE; Solymosi, N; Song, H; Song, J; Song, M; Spingler, B; Stewart, I; Su, BL; Su, JF; Suming, L; Sun, JX; Tantimavanich, S; Tashkandi, JM; Taurbayev, TI; Tedgren, AC; Tenhunen, M; Thwaites, DI; Tibrewala, R; Tomsejm, M; Triana, CA; Vakira, FM; Valdez, M; Valente, M; Valentini, AM; Van de Winckel, A; van der Lee, R; Varga, F; Varga, M; Villarino, NF; Villemur, R; Vinatha, SP; Vincenti, A; Voskamp, BJ; Wang, B; Wang, C; Wang, H; Wang, HT; Wang, J; Wang, M; Wang, N; Wang, NC; Wang, Q; Wang, S; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Wang, Z; Wen, N; Wesolowska, P; Willis, M; Wu, C; Wu, D; Wu, L; Wu, X; Wu, Z; Xia, JM; Xia, X; Xia, Y; Xiao, J; Xiao, Y; Xie, CL; Xie, LM; Xie, S; Xing, Z; Xu, C; Xu, J; Yan, D; Yan, K; Yang, S; Yang, X; Yang, XW; Ye, M; Yin, Z; Yoon, N; Yoon, Y; Yu, H; Yu, K; Yu, ZY; Zhang, B; Zhang, GY; Zhang, H; Zhang, J; Zhang, M; Zhang, Q; Zhang, S; Zhang, W; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y; Zhang, YW; Zhang, Z; Zhao, D; Zhao, F; Zhao, P; Zhao, W; Zhao, Z; Zheng, C; Zhi, D; Zhou, C; Zhou, FY; Zhu, D; Zhu, J; Zhu, Q; Zinyama, NP; Zou, M; Zou, Z, 2019) |
| "Metformin, the first choice drug for type 2 diabetes treatment in all stages of therapy, and one of the most widely prescribed anti-hyperglycemic agents worldwide, represents a rare example of an old drug which continues to display new beneficial effects in various fields." | 2.61 | Metformin lactic acidosis: Should we still be afraid? ( Adinolfi, LE; Imbriani, S; Marfella, R; Monaco, L; Nevola, R; Pafundi, PC; Ricozzi, C; Rinaldi, L; Salvatore, T; Sardu, C; Sasso, FC, 2019) |
| "Metformin prescription was not related to a lower risk of LTBI (OR, 0." | 2.61 | Impact of metformin on the risk and treatment outcomes of tuberculosis in diabetics: a systematic review. ( Cao, S; Chen, F; Feng, X; Li, L; Wei, X; Xia, L; Yu, X, 2019) |
| "Metformin, a biguanide, has been widely used in treating diabetes." | 2.61 | Metformin: A Salutary Candidate for Colorectal Cancer Treatment in Patients with Diabetes. ( Chellappan, DK; Dahiya, R; Dua, K; Gubbiyappa, SK; Gupta, G; Sah, SK; Samuel, VP; Singh, Y, 2019) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus has long been recognized as a major risk factor for adverse atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events; however, recent data indicate that heart failure is now emerging as the most common and morbid cardiovascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 2.61 | A Review of Cardiovascular Outcomes Trials of Glucose-Lowering Therapies and Their Effects on Heart Failure Outcomes. ( Kosiborod, M; Nassif, ME, 2019) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease, and many patients with diabetes have prevalent cardiovascular complications." | 2.61 | Glucose-lowering therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. ( Ceriello, A; Ferrini, M; La Sala, L; Marx, N; Prattichizzo, F; Rydén, L; Valensi, P, 2019) |
| "In this review the problem of how to treat osteoporosis in patient with diabetes is also discussed." | 2.61 | Effect of antidiabetic treatment on bone. ( Jackuliak, P; Kužma, M; Payer, J, 2019) |
| "Studies on patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin analyzed data on total of 146 496 patients." | 2.61 | Metformin and Colorectal Cancer - A Systematic Review. ( Dobrzycka, M; Jędrusik, P; Kobiela, J; Kobiela, P; Śledziński, Z; Spychalski, P; Zdrojewski, T, 2019) |
| " Based on this new evidence, together with past epidemiologic data and systematic reviews, metformin appears to be a safe option for patients with CKD, assuming that the dosage is adjusted individually." | 2.61 | Safe Use of Metformin in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease: Lower Dosages and Sick-Day Education Are Essential. ( MacCallum, L; Senior, PA, 2019) |
| "To provide a more effective treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), this study aims to compare different efficacies of six kinds of hypoglycemic drugs based on metformin, including glimepiride, pioglitazone, exenatide, glibenclamide, rosiglitazone, and vildagliptin, in T2DM by a network meta-analysis that were verified by randomized-controlled trials (RCTs)." | 2.61 | Efficacy of different antidiabetic drugs based on metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A network meta-analysis involving eight eligible randomized-controlled trials. ( Chen, SH; Liu, XN; Peng, Y; Sun, QY, 2019) |
| " Adverse events were generally similar between the treatment groups." | 2.61 | Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin added to treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with premixed insulin. ( Chen, G; Engel, SS; Lin, J; Liu, S; O'Neill, EA; Shankar, RR; Tu, Y; Yu, M; Zhang, R; Zhang, Y, 2019) |
| "Obesity and its comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, constitute growing challenges for public health and economies globally." | 2.61 | Emerging hormonal-based combination pharmacotherapies for the treatment of metabolic diseases. ( Clemmensen, C; DiMarchi, RD; Finan, B; Hofmann, SM; Müller, TD; Tschöp, MH, 2019) |
| "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of liver diseases, of which the first stage is steatosis." | 2.61 | Of mice and men: Is there a future for metformin in the treatment of hepatic steatosis? ( Green, CJ; Hodson, L; Marjot, T; Tomlinson, JW, 2019) |
| "Obesity is one of the main risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D), representing a major worldwide health crisis." | 2.61 | Body Weight Considerations in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes. ( Apovian, CM; O'Neil, PM; Okemah, J, 2019) |
| "Insulin resistance is a key feature of Type 2 diabetes and an important therapeutic target to address glycemic control to prevent diabetic complications." | 2.61 | Molecular mechanisms by which aerobic exercise induces insulin sensitivity. ( Atkin, SL; Sahebkar, A; Simental-Mendía, LE; Yaribeygi, H, 2019) |
| "The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) has risen in the United States and worldwide, with an increase in global prevalence from 4." | 2.61 | SGLT2 inhibitors and metformin: Dual antihyperglycemic therapy and the risk of metabolic acidosis in type 2 diabetes. ( Donnan, K; Segar, L, 2019) |
| "Dapagliflozin treatment was more cost-effective compared with metformin treatment for Chinese type 2 diabetes patients." | 2.61 | Cost-effectiveness analysis of dapagliflozin treatment versus metformin treatment in Chinese population with type 2 diabetes. ( Cai, X; Chen, Y; Gu, S; Ji, L; Nie, L; Shi, L; Yang, W, 2019) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus is among the most common diseases seen in primary care practices and can lead to significant complications." | 2.61 | The Screening and Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus. ( Holley, A; Martinez, LC; Sherling, D, 2019) |
| "However, data on its effect on endometrial cancer (EC) are unclear." | 2.61 | Antidiabetic Medications and the Risk of Endometrial Cancer in Patients. ( Liang, Y; Qu, P; Tian, J, 2019) |
| "To date, interventions for frailty have primarily focused on exercise and/or nutritional interventions, many of which show improvement in frailty-related characteristics, such as gait speed and lower extremity strength and function." | 2.61 | Review of Interventions for the Frailty Syndrome and the Role of Metformin as a Potential Pharmacologic Agent for Frailty Prevention. ( Espinoza, SE; Jiwani, R; Wang, CP; Wang, J, 2019) |
| "Metformin is a first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes." | 2.61 | Metformin: Mechanisms in Human Obesity and Weight Loss. ( Soukas, AA; Yerevanian, A, 2019) |
| "Metformin use was related to a lower lung cancer risk in diabetic patients compared to nonusers, but this result was retrieved from observational studies and our findings need more well-designed RCTs to confirm the association." | 2.61 | Metformin Use and Lung Cancer Risk in Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ( He, W; Huang, X; Huang, Y; Liu, M; Wu, K; Yao, L; Zhang, R; Zhao, Y, 2019) |
| "Metformin has been the first-line drug for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus for decades, being presently the most widely prescribed antihyperglycemic drug." | 2.61 | Metformin and Breast Cancer: Molecular Targets. ( Azevedo, A; Faria, J; Martel, F; Negalha, G, 2019) |
| "Strategies to prevent and treat type 2 diabetes through manipulation of the gut microbiota are being developed." | 2.61 | Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Therapies for the Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes. ( Caesar, R, 2019) |
| " Ertugliflozin demonstrated roughly 100% bioavailability following a single dose of 15 mg." | 2.61 | Ertugliflozin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. ( Kuhad, A; Razdan, K; Sharma, R, 2019) |
| "The number of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing worldwide." | 2.61 | Metformin and second- or third-generation sulphonylurea combination therapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Gnesin, F; Hemmingsen, B; Kähler, LKA; Kähler, P; Madsbad, S; Madsen, KS; Metzendorf, MI; Richter, B, 2019) |
| "Similar insulin resistance is found in type 2 diabetes and is currently treated with insulin sensitizers (IS)." | 2.61 | A systematic literature review of the effect of insulin sensitizers on the cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease in transgenic mice. ( Craig, A; Issberner, J; Parvez, F, 2019) |
| "The global epidemic of type 2 diabetes has prompted numerous studies and public health efforts to reduce its development." | 2.61 | Does diabetes prevention translate into reduced long-term vascular complications of diabetes? ( Bennett, PH; Crandall, JP; Edelstein, SL; Goldberg, RB; Kahn, SE; Knowler, WC; Mather, KJ; Mudaliar, S; Nathan, DM; Orchard, TJ; Temprosa, M; White, NH, 2019) |
| " We used mean differences (MD) to assess the efficacy of glycemic and other clinical parameters, and risk ratios (RR) to evaluate the adverse events for safety endpoints." | 2.61 | Efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes mellitus with inadequate glycemic control on metformin: a meta-analysis. ( Cong, L; Jingfan, Z; Ling, L; Ping, L; Yu, C, 2019) |
| "Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate and aggravate epileptic seizures affecting around 1% of global population making it a serious health concern." | 2.61 | Envisioning the neuroprotective effect of Metformin in experimental epilepsy: A portrait of molecular crosstalk. ( H S, N; K L, K; Paudel, YN, 2019) |
| "Metformin has a better effect of reducing the incidence of CV events than sulfonylureas." | 2.61 | Effect of metformin on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with coronary artery diseases: a systematic review and an updated meta-analysis. ( Gao, P; Han, Y; Liu, Y; Shen, Z; Xie, H; Yang, X, 2019) |
| "The newer oral therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, have advantages over older agents." | 2.58 | When metformin is not enough: Pros and cons of SGLT2 and DPP-4 inhibitors as a second line therapy. ( Avogaro, A; Delgado, E; Lingvay, I, 2018) |
| "Metformin has also been reported to decrease expression of multiple histone methyltransferases, to increase the activity of the class III HDAC SIRT1 and to decrease the influence of DNMT inhibitors." | 2.58 | Epigenetic effects of metformin: From molecular mechanisms to clinical implications. ( Bridgeman, SC; Ellison, GC; Mamotte, CDS; Melton, PE; Newsholme, P, 2018) |
| "Gut dysbiosis was recently associated with the occurrence of type 2 diabetes (T2D)." | 2.58 | Metformin: old friend, new ways of action-implication of the gut microbiome? ( Delzenne, NM; Hiel, S; Rodriguez, J, 2018) |
| "Prediabetes affects approximately 40% of American adults." | 2.58 | Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: A Pathophysiological-Based Approach. ( Debs, S; Greenfield, JR; Samocha-Bonet, D, 2018) |
| " Achieving and maintaining tight glycemic control is key to preventing development or progression of CKD; however, improving glycemic control may be limited by effects of renal impairment on the efficacy and safety of T2DM treatments, necessitating dosing adjustments and careful evaluation of contraindications." | 2.58 | Glycemic control of type 2 diabetes mellitus across stages of renal impairment: information for primary care providers. ( Adler, S; Tong, L, 2018) |
| "Metformin has further been reported to restore depleted PGC-1α levels and improve mitochondrial biogenesis by increasing phosphorylation of eNOSser1177, which produces NO and leads to reduced vascular inflammation and myocardial injury after ischemia." | 2.58 | Cardioprotective Effects of Metformin. ( Bamitale, KDS; Driver, C; Kazi, A; Nyane, NA; Olla, M; Owira, PMO, 2018) |
| "Metformin is a lipophilic biguanide which inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis and improves peripheral utilization of glucose." | 2.58 | Metformin in cancer. ( Chowdhury, TA; Mallik, R, 2018) |
| "Obesity is a prominent risk factor for type 2 diabetes." | 2.58 | Treatment of 'Diabesity': Beyond Pharmacotherapy. ( Singh, H; Venkatesan, V, 2018) |
| "The majority of patients with type 2 diabetes also have obesity." | 2.58 | Understanding the impact of commonly utilized, non-insulin, glucose-lowering drugs on body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Dunham, MW; Hurren, KM, 2018) |
| "The progressive nature of type 2 diabetes (T2D) requires practitioners to periodically evaluate patients and intensify glucose-lowering treatment once glycemic targets are not attained." | 2.58 | SGLT2 Inhibitors in Combination Therapy: From Mechanisms to Clinical Considerations in Type 2 Diabetes Management. ( IJzerman, RG; Muskiet, MHA; van Baar, MJB; van Bloemendaal, L; van Raalte, DH; van Ruiten, CC, 2018) |
| "Metformin is a widely used drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes which activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), acting as calorie restriction mimetic." | 2.58 | mTOR Inhibitor Therapy and Metabolic Consequences: Where Do We Stand? ( Kezic, A; Lalic, K; Popovic, L, 2018) |
| "Treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in children and adolescents is particularly challenging." | 2.58 | The present and future treatment of pediatric type 2 diabetes. ( Guandalini, C; Patel, A; Steffen, A; Tamborlane, W; Van Name, MA, 2018) |
| "The choice of therapy for type 2 diabetes after metformin is guided by overall estimates of glycemic response and side effects seen in large cohorts." | 2.58 | Sex and BMI Alter the Benefits and Risks of Sulfonylureas and Thiazolidinediones in Type 2 Diabetes: A Framework for Evaluating Stratification Using Routine Clinical and Individual Trial Data. ( Dennis, JM; Hamilton, WT; Hattersley, AT; Henley, WE; Holman, RR; Janmohamed, S; Jones, AG; Lonergan, M; Pearson, ER; Rodgers, LR; Sattar, N; Shields, BM; Weedon, MN, 2018) |
| "Metformin is a first-line antihyperglycemic agent that works mainly by regulating hepatic glucose production and peripheral insulin sensitivity." | 2.58 | A preclinical overview of metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. ( Du, M; Wang, J; Xu, X; Zhao, T; Zhou, T, 2018) |
| "Metformin has been a frontline therapy for type 2 diabetes (T2D) for many years." | 2.58 | Metformin as an Anticancer Agent. ( Bhagwat, M; Bu, P; Vancura, A; Vancurova, I; Zeng, J, 2018) |
| " Qualitative synthesis also suggests an apparently dose-response relationship and increased benefit when administered alone." | 2.58 | Protective effects of metformin, statins and anti-inflammatory drugs on head and neck cancer: A systematic review. ( Estrugo Devesa, A; Jané-Salas, E; López-López, J; Saka Herrán, C, 2018) |
| "Metformin is a biguanide drug that has been used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus for more than 60 years." | 2.58 | Metformin: An Old Drug with New Applications. ( Li, L; Massey, S; Story, D; Zhou, J, 2018) |
| "The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents has increased worldwide over the past three decades." | 2.58 | Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children. ( Verre, MC; Xu, H, 2018) |
| " Although no studies have been performed, anti-tuberculosis treatment may also have to be prolonged or intensified in terms of regimen or drug dosage if DM is present." | 2.58 | Clinical management of combined tuberculosis and diabetes. ( Harries, AD; Hill, PC; Koesoemadinata, R; van Crevel, R, 2018) |
| "Metformin is a widely used drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D)." | 2.55 | Metformin-like antidiabetic, cardio-protective and non-glycemic effects of naringenin: Molecular and pharmacological insights. ( Malefane, TG; Ndwandwe, DE; Nyane, NA; Owira, PMO; Tlaila, TB, 2017) |
| "Vildagliptin is an inhibitor of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4, indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, combined or not with metformin." | 2.55 | Cost-effectiveness of vildagliptin for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Brazil; findings and implications. ( Acurcio, FA; De Oliveira, GL; Godman, B; Guerra Júnior, AA, 2017) |
| "Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease with a poor prognosis while metformin has been associated with a decreased risk of pancreatic cancer." | 2.55 | Metformin is associated with survival benefit in pancreatic cancer patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Li, B; Li, D; Li, YY; Liu, FR; Liu, YH; Wang, Q; Xu, C; Yao, Y; Zhang, MC; Zhou, PT, 2017) |
| "The projected rise in the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) could develop into a substantial health problem worldwide." | 2.55 | Dipeptidyl-peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 analogues for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Hemmingsen, B; Metzendorf, MI; Richter, B; Sonne, DP, 2017) |
| "Metformin has well known anti-malarial properties." | 2.55 | Malaria and diabetes. ( Aggarwal, S; Dutta, D; Kalra, S; Khandelwal, D; Singla, R, 2017) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have a significantly higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD)-namely myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke." | 2.55 | Cardiovascular Protection in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: A Review of Clinical Trial Results Across Drug Classes. ( Lüscher, TF; Paneni, F, 2017) |
| "Statins have a primary role in the treatment of dyslipidemia in people with type 2 diabetes, defined as triglyceride levels >200 mg/dl and HDL cholesterol levels <40 mg/dL." | 2.55 | Pharmacologic Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Diabetes: A Case for Therapies in Addition to Statins. ( Anabtawi, A; Miles, JM; Moriarty, PM, 2017) |
| "Multiple new drugs for managing type 2 diabetes have entered the market in the past 5 years." | 2.55 | Diabetes Update: New Pharmacotherapy for Type 2 Diabetes. ( Choby, B, 2017) |
| "Metformin treatment is associated with a significant reduction in OM irrespective of diabetes status in patients with EC." | 2.55 | Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of metformin treatment on overall mortality rates in women with endometrial cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Gianuzzi, X; Hernandez, AV; Hernandez-Fernandez, W; Palma-Ardiles, G; Pasupuleti, V; Perez-Lopez, FR, 2017) |
| "Metformin, a first-line medication for type 2 diabetes mellitus, arouses growing concerns on its anti-cancer effect." | 2.55 | Enemies or weapons in hands: investigational anti-diabetic drug glibenclamide and cancer risk. ( Gao, R; Xu, W; Yang, T, 2017) |
| "Women with a history of gestational diabetes are at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 2.55 | Preventing progression from gestational diabetes mellitus to diabetes: A thought-filled review. ( Grajower, MM; Kasher-Meron, M, 2017) |
| " In terms of safety, the rate of adverse events in patients with T2D who received empagliflozin plus metformin was relatively lower when compared with saxagliptin plus metformin (OR=0." | 2.55 | A network meta-analysis for efficacy and safety of seven regimens in the treatment of type II diabetes. ( Hua, WC; Li, CM; Liu, Q; Wang, H; Wang, LG, 2017) |
| "Metformin was also found to markedly decease Beta-secretase 1 (BACE1) protein expression and activity in cell culture models and in vivo, thereby reducing BACE1 cleavage products and the production of Aβ (β-amyloid)." | 2.55 | Metformin - a Future Therapy for Neurodegenerative Diseases : Theme: Drug Discovery, Development and Delivery in Alzheimer's Disease Guest Editor: Davide Brambilla. ( Huttunen, KM; Markowicz-Piasecka, M; Mikiciuk-Olasik, E; Sikora, J; Skupień, A; Szydłowska, A, 2017) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have a significantly higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD)-namely myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke." | 2.55 | Cardiovascular Protection in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: A Review of Clinical Trial Results Across Drug Classes. ( Lüscher, TF; Paneni, F, 2017) |
| "Choices for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have multiplied as our understanding of the underlying pathophysiologic defects has evolved." | 2.55 | Pharmacologic Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Available Therapies. ( Thrasher, J, 2017) |
| "While there was evidence that type 2 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of cancer, existing studies seemed insufficient to definitively demonstrate a link between cancer risk and use of specific anti-hyperglycemic therapies." | 2.55 | Cancer risks of anti-hyperglycemic drugs for type 2 diabetes treatment - a clinical appraisal. ( Kosiborod, M; Leiter, LA; Poulter, NR; Rajagopalan, S; Ray, K; Vora, J, 2017) |
| "Metformin is a kind of biguanide hypoglycemic agent that has been widely used in patients with diabetes mellitus." | 2.55 | Can Fundus Fluorescein Angiography be Performed for Diabetic Patients on Oral Metformin?. ( Du, J; Li, R, 2017) |
| "Metformin use has been associated with the development of lactic acidosis, although many studies have doubt the direct link with this serious complication." | 2.55 | Acid-base and electrolyte disorders associated with the use of antidiabetic drugs. ( Elisaf, M; Filippatos, T; Liamis, G; Rizos, C; Tzavella, E, 2017) |
| "Metformin treatment for diabetes prevention was estimated to be cost-saving." | 2.55 | Metformin for diabetes prevention: insights gained from the Diabetes Prevention Program/Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. ( Aroda, VR; Crandall, JP; Darwin, C; Edelstein, SL; Heckman-Stoddard, BM; Jeffries, SL; Kahn, SE; Knowler, WC; Molitch, ME; Nathan, DM; Perreault, L; Pi-Sunyer, X; Temprosa, M, 2017) |
| "Metformin is a widely-used drug that results in clear benefits in relation to glucose metabolism and diabetes-related complications." | 2.55 | The mechanisms of action of metformin. ( Hardie, DG; Pearson, ER; Rena, G, 2017) |
| "Metformin users also had reduced cancer compared to non-diabetics (rate ratio=0." | 2.55 | Metformin reduces all-cause mortality and diseases of ageing independent of its effect on diabetes control: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Bellman, SM; Campbell, JM; Lisy, K; Stephenson, MD, 2017) |
| "Metformin can also inhibit the generation and accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and thereby prevents the development of the adverse structural and functional changes in myocardium." | 2.55 | The pathophysiological basis of the protective effects of metformin in heart failure. ( Dziubak, A; Wójcicka, G, 2017) |
| "The increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in PCOS is closely associated with BMI." | 2.55 | Medical comorbidity in polycystic ovary syndrome with special focus on cardiometabolic, autoimmune, hepatic and cancer diseases: an updated review. ( Andersen, M; Glintborg, D, 2017) |
| " Meanwhile, the adverse reactions such as gastrointestinal problems were common in the liraglutide treatment group." | 2.55 | Efficacy and safety of liraglutide versus sitagliptin both in combination with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Jiang, D; Li, M; Wang, Y; Yang, Y; Ying, M; Zhao, R, 2017) |
| " However, the quality and quantity of the evidence is low, with scarce data on adverse events such as gastrointestinal complaints or renal failure." | 2.55 | Efficacy and safety of metformin in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in older adults: a systematic review for the development of recommendations to reduce potentially inappropriate prescribing. ( Adeniji, C; Al Qur'an, T; Faller, B; Kunnamo, I; Martinez, YV; Reeves, D; Renom-Guiteras, A; Schlender, L; Sommerauer, C; Sönnichsen, A; Woodham, A, 2017) |
| "With the increasing incidence of childhood obesity, clinicians need to understand its comorbidities and their management." | 2.55 | Metformin Use in Children and Adolescents with Prediabetes. ( Chin, VL; Khokhar, A; Perez-Colon, S; Umpaichitra, V, 2017) |
| "Metformin treatment was not associated with a decrease in blood leptin levels in patients with T2DM compared with levels in patients in the control group." | 2.55 | Effects of metformin treatment on blood leptin and ghrelin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Ida, S; Kaneko, R; Murata, K, 2017) |
| "Metformin is a first-line therapy in patients with Type 2 diabetes, as it appears to be effective in reducing diabetes related end points and mortality in overweight patients." | 2.55 | Could metformin be used in patients with diabetes and advanced chronic kidney disease? ( Abraham, G; Chowdhury, TA; Fan, SL; McCafferty, K; Oei, EL; Srirathan, D; Yaqoob, MM, 2017) |
| "Metformin has numerous antineoplastic effects including an AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent mechanism, AMP-activated protein kinase-independent mechanisms, alteration of insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling pathways, and suppression of androgen signaling pathways that trigger prostate cancer growth and proliferation." | 2.55 | A review for clinicians: Prostate cancer and the antineoplastic properties of metformin. ( Fam, M; Hankinson, SJ; Patel, NN, 2017) |
| "Observational studies on metformin and cancer varied in design, and the majority were at risk of a range of biases." | 2.55 | Metformin and cancer in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and comprehensive bias evaluation. ( Bhaskaran, K; Chaturvedi, N; Farmer, RE; Forbes, HJ; Ford, D; Kaplan, R; Smeeth, L, 2017) |
| "Metformin is a widely prescribed medication that has been used to treat children with type 2 diabetes in the United States for the past 15 years." | 2.55 | Metformin; a review of its history and future: from lilac to longevity. ( Gregg, B; Thomas, I, 2017) |
| "Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are highly prevalent in the community, and share common pathogenic mechanisms." | 2.55 | Which treatment for type 2 diabetes associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease? ( Caletti, MT; Forlani, G; Marchesini, G; Marchignoli, F; Mazzotti, A, 2017) |
| "Metformin has been widely used for over 5 decades." | 2.55 | Metformin: New Preparations and Nonglycemic Benefits. ( Fujita, Y; Inagaki, N, 2017) |
| " The cardiovascular effects of these drugs are multiple, their knowledge is important in the everyday practice, as the use of safe drugs regarding of heart failure is preferred." | 2.55 | [The safety of anti-diabetic drugs in heart failure]. ( Frigy, A; Germán-Salló, M; Máthé, L; Szabó, M, 2017) |
| "Metformin is a widely prescribed oral anti-hyperglycemic agent used in the management of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or type II diabetes." | 2.55 | Analytical Methods for Metformin Estimation. ( Dwivedi, J; Kumar, P; Patel, D; Sharma, S, 2017) |
| " Reporting of CTs and adverse drug reactions to Clinical Trials Registry of India and Pharmacovigilance Programme of India, respectively, along with compliance studies with warning given in package insert and epidemiological studies with larger sample size are needed." | 2.53 | Pioglitazone utilization, efficacy & safety in Indian type 2 diabetic patients: A systematic review & comparison with European Medicines Agency Assessment Report. ( Kshirsagar, NA; Pai, SA, 2016) |
| "Metformin has been available since 1957." | 2.53 | Therapeutic Concentrations of Metformin: A Systematic Review. ( De Broe, ME; Kajbaf, F; Lalau, JD, 2016) |
| "Metformin hydrochloride is a biguanide derivative widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, prescribed nearly to 120 million people worldwide." | 2.53 | Microparticulate and nanoparticulate drug delivery systems for metformin hydrochloride. ( Cetin, M; Sahin, S, 2016) |
| "Empagliflozin is a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor used to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by enhancing urinary glucose excretion." | 2.53 | A Safety Evaluation of Empagliflozin for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. ( McGuire, DK; Neeland, IJ; Salahuddin, U, 2016) |
| "Vildagliptin is an effective and safe therapeutic option for patients with T2DM, both as monotherapy and as add-on treatment." | 2.53 | Systematic review and meta-analysis of vildagliptin for treatment of type 2 diabetes. ( Athanasiadou, E; Bekiari, E; Boura, P; Karagiannis, T; Liakos, A; Mainou, M; Papatheodorou, K; Rika, M; Rizava, C; Tsapas, A, 2016) |
| "Metformin is a cornerstone in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2." | 2.53 | Metformin and pancreatic cancer: Is there a role? ( De Souza, A; Khawaja, KI; Masud, F; Saif, MW, 2016) |
| " This meta-analysis revealed the use of dulaglutide as a monotherapy or an add-on to OAM and lispro appeared to be effective and safe for adults with T2DM." | 2.53 | Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis and systematic review. ( Tong, N; Zhang, L; Zhang, M; Zhang, Y, 2016) |
| "Metformin is a first-line oral anti-diabetic agent that has been used clinically to treat patients with type 2 diabetes for over 60 years." | 2.53 | Current understanding of metformin effect on the control of hyperglycemia in diabetes. ( An, H; He, L, 2016) |
| "Modern treatment of type 2 diabetes should aim for near-normal glucose control." | 2.53 | [Treatment of type 2 diabetes]. ( Meier, JJ, 2016) |
| "Ten RCTs on adult patients with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycemic control were included in the final analysis." | 2.53 | Safety and efficacy of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors vs sulfonylurea in metformin-based combination therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus: Systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Foroutan, N; Levine, M; Muratov, S, 2016) |
| "02], gastrointestinal adverse events [OR 0." | 2.53 | Efficacy, safety and impact on β-cell function of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors plus metformin combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes and the difference between Asians and Caucasians: a meta-analysis. ( Gao, W; Wang, Q; Yu, S, 2016) |
| "Diabetic patients have a higher risk of colorectal cancer (CRC)." | 2.53 | Reduced colorectal cancer incidence in type 2 diabetic patients treated with metformin: a meta-analysis. ( Gu, M; Nie, Z; Zhu, H, 2016) |
| "It has also been widely used in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and gestational diabetes mellitus." | 2.53 | Role of Metformin in Women's Health: Review of Its Current Place in Clinical Practice and Emerging Indications for Future. ( Sinai Talaulikar, V; Tang, T; Yasmin, E, 2016) |
| "Iatrogenic and compensatory hyperinsulinemia are metabolic disruptors of β-cells, liver, muscle, kidney, brain, heart and vasculature, inflammation, and lipid homeostasis, among other systems." | 2.53 | Obviating much of the need for insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A re-assessment of insulin therapy's safety profile. ( Herman, ME; Jellinger, PS; Schwartz, SS, 2016) |
| "Metformin is an oral antihyperglycaemic drug used in the first-line treatment of type 2 diabetes." | 2.53 | Involvement of glucagon-like peptide-1 in the glucose-lowering effect of metformin. ( Bahne, E; Brønden, A; Hansen, M; Knop, FK; Sonne, DP; Vilsbøll, T, 2016) |
| "This observation applied separately for colon cancer [0." | 2.53 | Colon neoplasia in patients with type 2 diabetes on metformin: A meta-analysis. ( Portincasa, P; Rokkas, T, 2016) |
| "Significant lowering effects on upper respiratory tract infection were found when taspoglutide versus placebo (OR=0." | 2.53 | [Impact of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on nasopharyngitis and upper respiratory tract infection among patients with type 2 diabetes: a network meta-analysis]. ( Li, ZX; Sun, F; Wu, SS; Yang, ZR; Zhan, SY, 2016) |
| "Preventing and managing youth-onset type 2 diabetes are a major challenge." | 2.53 | An Integrative Analysis of the Effect of Lifestyle and Pharmacological Interventions on Glucose Metabolism in the Prevention and Treatment of Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes. ( Ferris, E; Huang, TT; Tripathi, D, 2016) |
| "Metformin was associated with lower or no significant difference in HbA1C levels compared with any other drug classes." | 2.53 | Comparison of Clinical Outcomes and Adverse Events Associated With Glucose-Lowering Drugs in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-analysis. ( Ahmad, N; Badve, SV; Burke, M; Cho, Y; Craig, JC; De Berardis, G; Faruque, L; Gray, V; Johnson, DW; Liu, Y; Lloyd, A; Maggo, J; Mavridis, D; Nadeau-Fredette, AC; Natale, P; Nicolucci, A; Palmer, SC; Ruospo, M; Saglimbene, V; Strippoli, GF; Tiv, S; Tonelli, M; Wiebe, N, 2016) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a progressive disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality." | 2.53 | Sitagliptin/metformin fixed-dose combination in type 2 diabetes mellitus: an evidence-based review of its place in therapy. ( Anderson, R; Hayes, J; Stephens, JW, 2016) |
| "Metformin has garnered considerable interest as a chemo-preventive and chemo-therapeutic agent given the increased risk of liver cancer among diabetic patients." | 2.53 | Metformin use improves survival of diabetic liver cancer patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Ma, SJ; Tan, HZ; Xiao, YN; Zheng, YX; Zhou, PC, 2016) |
| "The rising global rates of type 2 diabetes and obesity present a significant economic and social burden, underscoring the importance for effective and safe therapeutic options." | 2.53 | Targeting the gastrointestinal tract to treat type 2 diabetes. ( Bauer, PV; Duca, FA, 2016) |
| "Metformin has a dominant position in the treatment of type 2 diabetes that is deserved due to its favorable and robust effects on cardiovascular risk." | 2.53 | METFORMIN: NONGLYCEMIC EFFECTS AND POTENTIAL NOVEL INDICATIONS. ( Anabtawi, A; Miles, JM, 2016) |
| " In conclusion, this meta-analysis confirmed the use of liraglutide as add-on to metformin appeared to be effective and safe for patients with T2DM." | 2.53 | The efficacy and safety of liraglutide added to metformin in patients with diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ( Gu, J; Guo, Y; Liu, Y; Meng, X; Wang, D; Wang, L; Wu, B; Zheng, H, 2016) |
| "The projected rise in the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) could develop into a substantial health problem worldwide." | 2.53 | Insulin secretagogues for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in persons at increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Hemmingsen, B; Metzendorf, MI; Richter, B; Sonne, DP, 2016) |
| "Most patients with type 2 diabetes, who receive monotherapy, are unable to maintain glucose levels with the progress of disease." | 2.53 | Empagliflozin/metformin fixed-dose combination: a review in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Hu, J; Tan, X; Zhang, S; Zhou, M; Zou, P, 2016) |
| "It is also used to delay the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus, in treating gestational diabetes, and in women with polycystic ovary syndrome." | 2.53 | Metformin: From Research to Clinical Practice. ( Alquraini, H; MacEachern, M; Mizokami-Stout, K; Tan, MH, 2016) |
| "Maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY), the most common monogenic form of diabetes, accounts for 1-2% of all diabetes diagnoses." | 2.53 | A review of maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) and challenges in the management of glucokinase-MODY. ( Bishay, RH; Greenfield, JR, 2016) |
| "A 70-year-old man with type 2 diabetes presented to our department with poor glycemic control without evidence of hypoglycemia, but the levels of serum insulin and IAA were very high." | 2.53 | Gliclazide-Induced Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome: A Rare Case Report and Review on Literature. ( Cao, X; Feng, X; Hu, Y; Jiang, L; Li, Q; Liu, C; Luo, Y; Ma, J; Wang, Y; Yan, R; Yang, F; Yuan, L; Zhao, E; Zhu, Y, 2016) |
| "Metformin is a well-established, effective agent for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 2.52 | Metformin in cancer treatment and prevention. ( Morales, DR; Morris, AD, 2015) |
| " It is an attractive option because it is dosed once-weekly, provides A1C lowering similar to liraglutide, weight reduction similar to exenatide, and has an adverse effect profile similar to exenatide and liraglutide." | 2.52 | Dulaglutide: the newest GLP-1 receptor agonist for the management of type 2 diabetes. ( Thompson, AM; Trujillo, JM, 2015) |
| "Metformin use was marginally associated with reduction in the risk of biochemical recurrence (pHR: 0." | 2.52 | Impact of metformin on clinical outcomes among men with prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Madhavan, S; Raval, AD; Salkini, M; Sambamoorthi, U; Thakker, D; Vyas, A, 2015) |
| " The safety variables included were as follows: weight variation at the end of treatment; presentation of any type of adverse event; presentation of serious adverse events; patients who experienced any type of hypoglycaemia; patients who experienced severe hypoglycaemia; treatments suspended due to adverse effects; and deaths for any reason." | 2.52 | Effectiveness and safety of glimepiride and iDPP4, associated with metformin in second line pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Almendro, N; Amate, JM; Bouza, C; Gonzalez-Canudas, J; Lopez-Cuadrado, T; Rivas-Ruiz, R; Saz-Parkinson, Z, 2015) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have an increased risk of fragility fractures despite increased body weight and normal or higher bone mineral density." | 2.52 | The impact of diabetes and diabetes medications on bone health. ( Gilbert, MP; Pratley, RE, 2015) |
| "Metformin is a widely used drug in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 2.52 | Novel therapeutic targets of metformin: metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. ( Bettencourt, N; Fontes-Carvalho, R; Gama, V; Ladeiras-Lopes, R; Leite-Moreira, A; Sampaio, F, 2015) |
| " Incretins are associated with a low risk of hypoglycemia when used as monotherapy; the dosage of sulfonylurea or insulin should be reduced when used in combination." | 2.52 | Combination therapy when metformin is not an option for type 2 diabetes. ( Goldman-Levine, JD, 2015) |
| "Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic agent which is most widely used as first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes." | 2.52 | Metformin and Inflammation: Its Potential Beyond Glucose-lowering Effect. ( Saisho, Y, 2015) |
| "Insulin resistance is prevalent in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and plays a critical pathophysiologic role in both the metabolic and reproductive complications of PCOS." | 2.52 | Polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin: our understanding in the past, present and future. ( Evans, WS; Mayer, SB; Nestler, JE, 2015) |
| "Diabetes and obesity are associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and an increased incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)." | 2.52 | Nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease, diabetes, obesity, and hepatocellular carcinoma. ( Noureddin, M; Rinella, ME, 2015) |
| " There is considerable inter-individual variability in the response to metformin, and this has led to many drug-drug interaction (DDI) studies of metformin." | 2.52 | A Comprehensive Review of Drug-Drug Interactions with Metformin. ( Brøsen, K; Christensen, MM; Stage, TB, 2015) |
| "Type 2 diabetes has become an enormous public health burden, making diabetes prevention a pressing issue." | 2.52 | Therapeutic Challenges in Diabetes Prevention: We Have Not Found the "Exercise Pill". ( Florez, JC; Srinivasan, S, 2015) |
| " How important are adverse effects in the choice of glucose-lowering alternatives to metformin for patients with type 2 diabetes? What about their effects on HbA1c levels? To answer these questions, we conducted a review of the literature using the standard Prescrire methodology." | 2.52 | Glucose-lowering treatment of type 2 diabetes. Part II--Glucose-lowering drugs after metformin: a choice based largely on adverse effects. ( , 2015) |
| "Type 2 diabetes is not only an independent risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) disease but is also associated with a greater incidence of heart failure (HF)." | 2.52 | Oral hypoglycemic agents and the heart failure conundrum: Lessons from and for outcome trials. ( Federici, M; Kappel, BA; Marx, N, 2015) |
| "Male infertility has been increasing over the last decades being nowadays a pressing health problem." | 2.52 | Impact of Metformin on Male Reproduction. ( Alves, MG; Ferreira, C; Oliveira, PF; Rabaça, A; Sá, R; Sousa, M, 2015) |
| "Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who achieve glycemic targets through healthy lifestyles and appropriate glucose-lowering agents lessen diabetes-related complications." | 2.52 | An Overview of Metformin and Implications in the Workplace. ( Grant, JS; Steadman, LA, 2015) |
| "Imeglimin is a novel agent currently in development to treat type 2 diabetes." | 2.52 | Imeglimin: A Potential New Multi-Target Drug for Type 2 Diabetes. ( Brown, C; Chastain, LM; Maggu, GA; Vuylsteke, V, 2015) |
| "Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that synergistically increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and premature mortality." | 2.52 | Metabolic Syndrome: Insulin Resistance and Prediabetes. ( Mayans, L, 2015) |
| "Canagliflozin is a potential option as an add-on to metformin based on its improvement in HbA1c, FPG, body weight, and β cell function, but further studies are demanded to strengthen this evidence." | 2.52 | Efficacy and tolerability of canagliflozin as add-on to metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. ( Cui, Y; Lu, M; Ma, L; Yang, T; Zhou, Y, 2015) |
| "Obesity is associated with a range of health outcomes that are of clinical and public health significance, including cancer." | 2.52 | Obesity and cancer: mechanistic insights from transdisciplinary studies. ( Allott, EH; Hursting, SD, 2015) |
| " The main adverse effects of treatment included gastrointestinal and injection site reactions." | 2.52 | Efficacy and safety of once-weekly glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists for the management of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ( Athanasiadou, E; Bekiari, E; Boura, P; Karagiannis, T; Liakos, A; Mainou, M; Matthews, DR; Paschos, P; Rika, M; Tsapas, A; Vasilakou, D, 2015) |
| "The management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by primary care physicians (PCPs) has become increasingly complex due to limitations on consultation time, an increasing array of drug treatment options, and issues of comorbidities and polypharmacy." | 2.52 | Use of oral combination therapy for type 2 diabetes in primary care: Meeting individualized patient goals. ( Adkins, SE; Lavernia, F; Shubrook, JH, 2015) |
| "Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common hormonal and metabolic disorder likely to affect women." | 2.52 | [Prevention and treatment of the complications of polycystic ovarian syndrome--the significance of evidence-based, interdisciplinary management]. ( Csenteri, OK; Gődény, S, 2015) |
| "The anticancer activity of metformin is mediated through a direct regulation of miRNAs, which further modulates several downstream genes in metabolic or preoncogenic pathways." | 2.52 | A New Role for an Old Drug: Metformin Targets MicroRNAs in Treating Diabetes and Cancer. ( Li, L; Xu, B; Zhou, JY, 2015) |
| "The main pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) includes insulin resistance and pancreatic islet dysfunction." | 2.50 | Combination therapy of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and metformin in type 2 diabetes: rationale and evidence. ( Hong, T; Liu, Y, 2014) |
| " RCTs were selected for meta-analysis if (1) they were RCTs comparing DPP-4 inhibitors plus metformin as initial combination therapy or DPP-4 inhibitor monotherapy to metformin monotherapy, (2) duration of treatment was ≥12 weeks and (3) reported data on haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) change, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) change, weight change, adverse cardiovascular (CV) events, hypoglycaemia or gastrointestinal adverse events (AEs)." | 2.50 | Efficacy and safety of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and metformin as initial combination therapy and as monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. ( Li, L; Liu, C; Wu, D, 2014) |
| "Guidelines for type 2 diabetes recommend add-on agents when metformin alone fails to provide adequate glycaemic control." | 2.50 | Early combination therapy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Engel, SS; Phung, OJ; Rajpathak, SN; Sobieraj, DM, 2014) |
| "RCTs enrolling subjects with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin monotherapy were included." | 2.50 | Dapagliflozin compared with other oral anti-diabetes treatments when added to metformin monotherapy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. ( Barnett, AH; Goring, S; Hawkins, N; Roudaut, M; Townsend, R; Wood, I; Wygant, G, 2014) |
| " The most frequent adverse events were gastrointestinal and transient in nature." | 2.50 | Lixisenatide, a novel GLP-1 receptor agonist: efficacy, safety and clinical implications for type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Bolli, GB; Owens, DR, 2014) |
| "Alogliptin is a selective, orally bioavailable inhibitor of the enzymatic activity of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4)." | 2.50 | Alogliptin: A new dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Erowele, G; Ndefo, UA; Okoli, O, 2014) |
| "The key histologic feature of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is hepatocellular ballooning (HB)." | 2.50 | Effect of metformin on ballooning degeneration in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): when to use metformin in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). ( Doycheva, I; Loomba, R, 2014) |
| "Metformin has been the mainstay of therapy for diabetes mellitus for many years; however, the mechanistic aspects of metformin action remained ill-defined." | 2.50 | Metformin--mode of action and clinical implications for diabetes and cancer. ( Korbonits, M; Pernicova, I, 2014) |
| "One of the commonest complications of type 2 diabetes is renal disease." | 2.50 | Novel hypoglycaemic agents: considerations in patients with chronic kidney disease. ( Game, F, 2014) |
| "Antidiabetic drugs for type 2 diabetes receive marketing authorization if they show efficacy in reducing levels of HbA(1c)." | 2.50 | Effects of pharmacological treatments on micro- and macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes: what is the level of evidence? ( Boussageon, R; Cornu, C; Gueyffier, F, 2014) |
| "Diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer are 2 of the most important public health concerns, especially in the elderly population." | 2.50 | Type 2 diabetes: a protective factor for prostate cancer? An overview of proposed mechanisms. ( Hara, N; Hejazi, J; Marotta, F; Rastmanesh, R, 2014) |
| "Clinicians and patients with type 2 diabetes enjoy an expanding list of medications to improve glycemic control." | 2.50 | Systematic reviews to ascertain the safety of diabetes medications. ( Brito, JP; Gionfriddo, MR; Leppin, AL; Montori, VM; Morey-Vargas, OL; Murad, MH, 2014) |
| "The increasing prevalence of Type 2 diabetes has emphasized the need to optimize treatment regimens." | 2.50 | An update on the pharmacogenomics of metformin: progress, problems and potential. ( Florez, JC; Todd, JN, 2014) |
| "DPP-IV inhibitors could achieve a long-term effective and safe glycaemic control for use as monotherapy or in combination with metformin." | 2.50 | The long-term efficacy and safety of DPP-IV inhibitors monotherapy and in combination with metformin in 18,980 patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus--a meta-analysis. ( Cheng, W; Liu, X; Xiao, Q; Xu, L; Yang, Q; Zhang, L, 2014) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of chronic liver disease (CLD) such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis and about one-third of cirrhotic patients have diabetes." | 2.50 | Pharmacokinetic and toxicological considerations for the treatment of diabetes in patients with liver disease. ( Scheen, AJ, 2014) |
| "Metformin has traditionally been regarded as contraindicated in chronic kidney disease (CKD), though guidelines in recent years have been relaxed to permit therapy if the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is > 30 mL/min." | 2.50 | Metformin in chronic kidney disease: time for a rethink. ( Heaf, J, 2014) |
| " The overall results demonstrated that the use of oral antidiabetic agents (analysed separately and together) was not associated with any significantly increased risk of any serious adverse events including hypoglycaemia and gastrointestinal disorders." | 2.50 | The safety of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors or sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors added to metformin background therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Kawalec, P; Mikrut, A; Łopuch, S, 2014) |
| "However, its influence on pancreatic cancer was controversial." | 2.50 | Metformin is associated with reduced risk of pancreatic cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Jiang, GL; Lai, ST; Ma, NY; Ren, ZG; Wang, Z; Xie, L; Zhao, JD; Zhu, J, 2014) |
| "Metformin therapy was associated with significantly lower risks of cancers of the lung (4 studies; pooled relative risk = 0." | 2.50 | Reduced risk of lung cancer with metformin therapy in diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Bi, Y; Guo, Y; Li, S; Song, Q; Zhang, Q; Zhang, ZJ; Zhao, G, 2014) |
| "The literature has long recognised that type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with an increased incident risk of several cancer types, independent of the mutual risk factor, obesity." | 2.50 | Diabetes and cancer: 5 years into the recent controversy. ( Badrick, E; Renehan, AG, 2014) |
| "The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing worldwide." | 2.50 | Acarbose plus metformin fixed-dose combination in the management of type 2 diabetes. ( Chadha, M; Chatterjee, S; Joshi, SR; Kalra, S; Ramachandran, A; Rathod, R, 2014) |
| "Overall cancer incidence was reduced by 31% [summary relative risk (SRR), 0." | 2.50 | Metformin and cancer risk and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis taking into account biases and confounders. ( DeCensi, A; Dunn, BK; Ford, L; Gandini, S; Heckman-Stoddard, BM; Puntoni, M; Szabo, E, 2014) |
| "Metformin was associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality [HR, 0." | 2.50 | The effect of metformin on mortality following cancer among patients with diabetes. ( Beyene, J; Lega, IC; Lipscombe, LL; Margel, D; Rochon, PA; Shah, PS, 2014) |
| "Dapagliflozin has a favourable and predictable tolerability profile, with reported events related to its mechanism of action." | 2.50 | Safety profile of dapagliflozin for type 2 diabetes: pooled analysis of clinical studies for overall safety and rare events. ( Apanovitch, AM; de Bruin, TW; Johnsson, KM; List, JF; Parikh, SJ; Ptaszynska, A, 2014) |
| "The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has risen to epidemic proportions, and this is associated with enormous cost." | 2.50 | What are the pharmacotherapy options for treating prediabetes? ( Abdul-Ghani, M; Daniele, G; DeFronzo, RA, 2014) |
| "Metformin is an AMPK agonist potentiating insulin actions in the adult human muscle, but not in the aged individuals." | 2.50 | Effects of the antidiabetic drugs on the age-related atrophy and sarcopenia associated with diabetes type II. ( Cetrone, M; Mele, A; Tricarico, D, 2014) |
| "The paper gives an update on type 2 diabetes mellitus concurrent with thyroid dysfunction and on the development of vascular events, atherogenesis and evaluates the impact of therapy on the course of both diseases." | 2.50 | [Thyroid dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus]. ( Suslina, AA; Tereshchenko, IV, 2014) |
| "Metformin, a biguanide, is a commonly administered drug for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 2.50 | Anti-diabetic drug metformin: challenges and perspectives for cancer therapy. ( Cherian, AM; Lakshmanan, VK; Nair, SV; Pillai, P; Snima, KS, 2014) |
| " The adverse effects of metformin mainly consist of dose-dependent gastrointestinal disorders and rare cases or life-threatening lactic aciaosis." | 2.50 | Type 2 diabetes and metformin. First choice for monotherapy: weak evidence of efficacy but well-known and acceptable adverse effects. ( , 2014) |
| " Even if linagliptin is safe in patients with renal impairment, the use of metformin (and thus of the linagliptin plus metformin FDC) is still controversial in this population." | 2.49 | Efficacy and safety of Jentadueto® (linagliptin plus metformin). ( Scheen, AJ, 2013) |
| "Long-standing type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes increase the risk for this malignancy, but the cancer can also induce pancreatogenic, or type 3c, diabetes as well." | 2.49 | Diabetes and cancer: placing the association in perspective. ( Andersen, DK, 2013) |
| "Overweight and obesity are risk factors for type 2 diabetes, and they also influence the overall prognosis." | 2.49 | [Diabetes drugs and body weight]. ( Eriksson, J; Laine, M, 2013) |
| "Metformin is a widely prescribed antidiabetic drug with an established efficacy coupled with a favorable safety profile and low cost." | 2.49 | Metformin and cancer. ( Elisaf, MS; Rizos, CV, 2013) |
| "Metformin was shown to induce a mild and transient inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex 1." | 2.49 | Revisiting the mechanisms of metformin action in the liver. ( Foretz, M; Viollet, B, 2013) |
| "Use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors is prevalent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes since they have fewer adverse effects compared with other non-insulin medications currently available; however, as monotherapy, the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)-lowering power of these agents is moderate." | 2.49 | Efficacy and safety of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in combination with metformin. ( Fass, AD; Gershman, JA, 2013) |
| "To compare the effects of sulfonylureas and metformin versus metformin on lipid profiles, blood pressure, and adverse events." | 2.49 | The effects of sulfonylureas plus metformin on lipids, blood pressure, and adverse events in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ( Cao, B; Fan, Y; Ganchuluun, TA; Jiang, H; Kong, W; Nie, S; Ouyang, Q; Sun, J; Xiang, H; Zhang, F, 2013) |
| "The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is rising in association with an increase in obesity rates." | 2.49 | Physiologic and weight-focused treatment strategies for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus: the metformin, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, and insulin (MGI) approach. ( Nadeau, DA, 2013) |
| "Most patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) will need incrementally more complex therapeutic regimens to control hyperglycemia as the disease progresses." | 2.49 | Complementing insulin therapy to achieve glycemic control. ( Barnett, AH, 2013) |
| "Metformin was discovered before the era of target-based drug discovery and its molecular mechanism of action remains an area of vigorous diabetes research." | 2.49 | Molecular mechanism of action of metformin: old or new insights? ( Pearson, ER; Rena, G; Sakamoto, K, 2013) |
| "Metformin was not associated with the risk of: breast cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, uterus cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, kidney cancer, and melanoma." | 2.49 | Metformin therapy and risk of cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes: systematic review. ( Franciosi, M; Lapice, E; Lucisano, G; Nicolucci, A; Pellegrini, F; Strippoli, GF, 2013) |
| "Metformin has the potential effect of inducing hippocampal neurogenesis, and additional studies of this drug are warranted in patients with mood or cognitive disorders." | 2.49 | A "glucose eater" drug as a therapeutic agent in psychiatry. ( Howland, RH, 2013) |
| "A key to successful therapy for type 2 diabetes is the insight that this condition is progressive and that the need for additional agents over time is normative." | 2.49 | Options for combination therapy in type 2 diabetes: comparison of the ADA/EASD position statement and AACE/ACE algorithm. ( Bailey, T, 2013) |
| "More over, the prognosis of diabetic cancer patients on metformin therapy seems be better, than in diabetics without metformin treatment." | 2.49 | [Metformin: the overlap of diabetology and oncology]. ( Anděl, M; Skrha, P; Trnka, J, 2013) |
| "Recent data suggest that type 2 diabetes patients who are considered as being "at risk" because of the presence of cardiac disease still take benefit from metformin therapy, with a reduction of morbidity and mortality compared with other glucose-lowering agents." | 2.49 | [Use of metformin in diabetic patients with cardiac disease: benefit-risk balance]. ( Paquot, N; Scheen, AJ, 2013) |
| "The effects of antidiabetic drugs on cancer risk have been described and discussed in several studies suggesting opposite effects of the biguanide metformin and sulfonylureas on cancer incidence and mortality." | 2.49 | Effects of sulfonylureas on tumor growth: a review of the literature. ( Conte, P; Favaretto, A; Pasello, G; Urso, L, 2013) |
| "Metformin may exert its anti-cancer activity by a direct effect (insulin) and an indirect effect (AMPK and mTOR)." | 2.49 | [Metformin, an antidiabetic molecule with anti-cancer properties]. ( Beck, E; Scheen, AJ, 2013) |
| "Most patients with type 2 diabetes are treated every day with numerous drugs because of the presence of comorbidities so that poor drug compliance is a major concern in such a population." | 2.49 | [Jentadueto, fixed combination of linagliptin plus metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes]. ( Scheen, AJ; Van Gaal, LF, 2013) |
| "Metformin monotherapy was more effective than sitagliptin in improving HOMA-β (18." | 2.49 | Impact of three oral antidiabetic drugs on markers of β-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. ( Li, H; Lu, J; Zang, J, 2013) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a troubling chronic disease and diabetic nephropathy is one of the most important complications of diabetes mellitus." | 2.49 | Bright renoprotective properties of metformin: beyond blood glucose regulatory effects. ( Ardalan, MR; Baradaran, A; Mardani, S; Momeni, A; Nasri, H; Rafieian-Kopaei, M, 2013) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes have increased cancer risk and cancer-related mortality, which can be reduced by metformin treatment." | 2.49 | Metformin is associated with survival benefit in cancer patients with concurrent type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Gorak, EJ; Quddus, F; Yin, M; Zhou, J, 2013) |
| "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder worldwide." | 2.49 | Nonalcoholic Fatty liver: a possible new target for type 2 diabetes prevention and treatment. ( Belfiore, A; Fruci, B; Giuliano, S; Malaguarnera, R; Mazza, A, 2013) |
| "Hypoglycemia is a frequent adverse effect of treatment with sulfonylurea, glinides, or insulin in older adults with diabetes." | 2.49 | [Attention to the use of oral anti-diabetic medication in older adults with type 2 diabetes]. ( Aso, Y; Jojima, T, 2013) |
| "The majority of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) do not achieve the glycaemic goals recommended by leading diabetes organizations using monotherapy alone, and often require multiple antihyperglycaemic agents to achieve glycaemic control." | 2.49 | Combine and conquer: advantages and disadvantages of fixed-dose combination therapy. ( Bell, DS, 2013) |
| " The glucose-dependency of their glucagon-inhibiting and insulin-enhancing effects, together with their weight-sparing properties, make the incretin therapies a logical proposition for use in combination with exogenous basal insulin therapy." | 2.49 | Incretin-based therapy in combination with basal insulin: a promising tactic for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. ( Bain, SC; Damci, T; Dzida, G; Hollander, P; Meneghini, LF; Ross, SA; Vora, J, 2013) |
| "Interventions preventing progression to type 2 diabetes should therefore delay or prevent β-cell failure." | 2.49 | Pathophysiology of prediabetes and treatment implications for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Bergman, M, 2013) |
| "Metformin treatment was associated with reduced risk of HCC in diabetic patients." | 2.49 | Metformin and reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in diabetic patients: a meta-analysis. ( Fang, L; Gao, C; Yao, SK; Zhang, H; Zhao, HC, 2013) |
| " Of the recently introduced oral hypoglycemic/antihyperglycemic agents, the DPP-4 inhibitors are moderately efficacious compared with mainstay treatment with metformin with a low side-effect profile and have good efficacy in combination with other oral agents and insulin." | 2.49 | A review of the efficacy and safety of oral antidiabetic drugs. ( Davis, SN; Lamos, EM; Stein, SA, 2013) |
| "Worldwide, >366 million people with type 2 diabetes mellitus remain at excess risk of cardiovascular disease and face a lifetime of treatment escalation for this progressive disorder." | 2.49 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus in 2012: Optimal management of T2DM remains elusive. ( Holman, RR, 2013) |
| " Linagliptin is the most recently launched gliptin, with a unique pharmacokinetic (PK) profile characterized by negligible renal excretion and is now also available as a fixed-dose combination (FDC) with metformin." | 2.49 | Linagliptin plus metformin: a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation. ( Scheen, AJ, 2013) |
| "Third-line agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes are similar in terms of glycemic control but differ in their propensity to cause weight gain and hypoglycemia." | 2.48 | Choice of therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin and a sulphonylurea: a systematic review and mixed-treatment comparison meta-analysis. ( Cameron, C; Dolovich, L; Houlden, R; McIntosh, B; Singh, SR; Yu, C, 2012) |
| "Metformin is a substrate of organic cation transporters, which play important roles in gastrointestinal absorption, renal and biliary elimination, and distribution to target sites of substrate drugs." | 2.48 | Disposition of metformin: variability due to polymorphisms of organic cation transporters. ( Zolk, O, 2012) |
| "Metformin is a cornerstone in the treatment of type 2 diabetes." | 2.48 | Metformin effects revisited. ( Andújar-Plata, P; Laferrère, B; Pi-Sunyer, X, 2012) |
| "The objective was to review type 2 diabetes as a risk factor for breast cancer, its influence on tumor aggressiveness and prognosis, and the interactions with obesity." | 2.48 | Type 2 diabetes and obesity metabolic interactions: common factors for breast cancer risk and novel approaches to prevention and therapy. ( Rose, DP; Vona-Davis, L, 2012) |
| "Linagliptin is a new dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor recently approved for use in the USA." | 2.48 | The effect of linagliptin on glycaemic control and tolerability in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Elrod, S; Harrington, C; McLaughlin-Middlekauff, J; Singh-Franco, D, 2012) |
| "Because of the progressive nature of type 2 diabetes, basal insulin alone may not be able to provide sufficient glycemic control over the long term, and thus insulin regimens will typically need to be intensified--especially for controlling postprandial glucose excursions." | 2.48 | Intensifying insulin therapy with insulin analog premixes: transitioning from basal insulin in type 2 diabetes. ( Shanik, MH, 2012) |
| "Liraglutide is a once-daily human glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D)." | 2.48 | The design of the liraglutide clinical trial programme. ( Nauck, MA, 2012) |
| "The risks of cancer among metformin users were significantly lower than those among non-metformin users: the pooled RRs (95% confidence interval) were 0." | 2.48 | Cancer risk in diabetic patients treated with metformin: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Goto, A; Noda, M; Noto, H; Tsujimoto, T, 2012) |
| " In this article, we review the pharmacokinetic DDIs concerning oral antidiabetics, including metformin, sulfonylureas, meglitinide analogs, thiazolidinediones and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, and the underlying mechanistic basis that can help to predict and prevent DDIs." | 2.48 | Drug interactions with oral antidiabetic agents: pharmacokinetic mechanisms and clinical implications. ( Backman, JT; Neuvonen, PJ; Niemi, M; Tornio, A, 2012) |
| "Metformin also plays a direct inhibition of cancer cell growth via the inhibitory effects of AMP-activated protein kinase on the mTOR pathway, which regulates cell growth and proliferation." | 2.48 | Does use of metformin protect against cancer in Type 2 diabetes mellitus? ( Benso, A; Bo, S; Durazzo, M; Ghigo, E, 2012) |
| "An association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and cancer has long been postulated, but the biological mechanism responsible for this association has not been defined." | 2.48 | Diabetes and cancer II: role of diabetes medications and influence of shared risk factors. ( Doi, SA; Engel, JM; Glurich, I; Onitilo, AA; Stankowski, RV; Williams, GM, 2012) |
| " Frequency and timing of dosing are also important aspects of adherence, as once-daily dosing is associated with higher rates of adherence than twice-daily dosing for anti-hyperglycemic medications." | 2.48 | Recommendations for improving adherence to type 2 diabetes mellitus therapy--focus on optimizing oral and non-insulin therapies. ( Nau, DP, 2012) |
| " Insulin analogs confer less risk of hypoglycemia and weight gain, and greater dosing flexibility compared with conventional insulins." | 2.48 | Insulin initiation in type 2 diabetes: what are the treatment regimen options and how can we best help patients feel empowered? ( Spollett, GR, 2012) |
| "With the exception of colorectal cancer, significant between-study heterogeneity was observed." | 2.48 | Cancer risk associated with use of metformin and sulfonylurea in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. ( Bosetti, C; Catapano, A; Corrao, G; Grassi, G; La Vecchia, C; Mancia, G; Scotti, L; Soranna, D; Zambon, A, 2012) |
| " Compliance with the standard metformin formulation can be poor, due to multiple daily dosing and frequent GI side effects." | 2.48 | Overview of metformin: special focus on metformin extended release. ( Ali, S; Fonseca, V, 2012) |
| "However, findings regarding breast cancer have been mixed." | 2.48 | Metformin and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis and critical literature review. ( Aragaki, AK; Chlebowski, RT; Col, NF; Ochs, L; Springmann, V, 2012) |
| "Over 2." | 2.48 | Targeting the consequences of the metabolic syndrome in the Diabetes Prevention Program. ( Goldberg, RB; Mather, K, 2012) |
| " Additional trials and subgroup analyses of pooled data suggest that linagliptin improves glycaemic control regardless of factors such as age, duration of type 2 diabetes, ethnicity and renal function, and as linagliptin is eliminated primarily via a nonrenal route, it can be used without dosage adjustment in patients with renal impairment of any degree." | 2.48 | Linagliptin: a review of its use in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Deeks, ED, 2012) |
| "The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is on the rise in Australia." | 2.48 | Early and tight glycaemic control - the key to managing type 2 diabetes. ( Barlow, J; Deed, G; Kuo, I, 2012) |
| "However, lactic acidosis is always associated with acute events, such as hypovolemia, acute cardiorespiratory illness, severe sepsis and acute renal or hepatic failure." | 2.48 | [Proposal for the modification of metformin use in patients with chronic kidney disease]. ( Balogh, Z; Mátyus, J, 2012) |
| "Dapagliflozin has a low propensity to cause hypoglycaemia, especially when used alone or in combination with metformin, although the incidence of hypoglycaemic events reported with dapagliflozin in clinical trials varied depending on the background therapy." | 2.48 | Dapagliflozin: a review of its use in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Plosker, GL, 2012) |
| "Diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance is present in more than 2/3rd of pancreatic cancer patients." | 2.48 | Diabetes and pancreatic cancer. ( Chari, ST; Muniraj, T, 2012) |
| "The prevalence of type 2 diabetes continues to increase at an alarming rate around the world, with even more people being affected by prediabetes." | 2.47 | Management of type 2 diabetes: evolving strategies for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Jerkins, TW; Kitabchi, AE; Nyenwe, EA; Umpierrez, GE, 2011) |
| "Metformin monotherapy is a safe and effective option." | 2.47 | Add-on therapies to metformin for type 2 diabetes. ( Shomali, M, 2011) |
| "As vildagliptin has been used most often at doses of 50 mg once or twice daily, in combination with metformin, this review focuses on these dose regimens." | 2.47 | Clinical evidence and mechanistic basis for vildagliptin's action when added to metformin. ( Ahrén, B; Bosi, E; Foley, JE, 2011) |
| " The elimination half-life (t(½)) of metformin during multiple dosages in patients with good renal function is approximately 5 hours." | 2.47 | Clinical pharmacokinetics of metformin. ( Arora, M; Day, RO; Doogue, MP; Duong, JK; Furlong, TJ; Graham, GG; Greenfield, JR; Greenup, LC; Kirkpatrick, CM; Punt, J; Ray, JE; Timmins, P; Williams, KM, 2011) |
| "Thus, many patients with type 2 diabetes require multiple combinations." | 2.47 | Sitagliptin and metformin--novel combination therapy. ( Seyoum, B, 2011) |
| "Metformin is a first-line pharmacological treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus because of its favorable overall profile, including its glucose-lowering ability, weight-neutral effects, and low risk of hypoglycemia; however, gastrointestinal (GI) intolerance may limit use in some patients." | 2.47 | Advantages of extended-release metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Jabbour, S; Ziring, B, 2011) |
| "In obese patients, especially with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), only the PI 3-K, but not the MAP-K, is resistant to insulin stimulation: hence insulin resistance is better defined as metabolic insulin resistance." | 2.47 | Insulin resistance: pathophysiology and rationale for treatment. ( Muntoni, S, 2011) |
| "Although drugs for type 2 diabetes are studied in heterogeneous samples of patients, their efficacy can be predicted by some clinical parameters." | 2.47 | Predictors of response to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: evidence from randomized clinical trials. ( Cremasco, F; Lamanna, C; Mannucci, E; Marchionni, N; Monami, M, 2011) |
| " Longer-acting GLP-1 agonists are dosed less frequently, appear to be associated with less nausea, and may be associated with better rates of adherence than shorter-acting agents." | 2.47 | Optimizing outcomes for GLP-1 agonists. ( Freeman, JS, 2011) |
| " However, limited data with the intended once-daily 20 μg subcutaneous dosing necessitate further evaluation of lixisenatide as add-on to various antidiabetic treatments." | 2.47 | Lixisenatide for type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Christensen, M; Holst, JJ; Knop, FK; Vilsbøll, T, 2011) |
| "Type 3 diabetes mellitus is an effect, and therefore a harbinger, of pancreatic cancer in at least 30% of patients." | 2.47 | Diabetes and pancreatic cancer: chicken or egg? ( Andersen, DK; Elahi, D; Magruder, JT, 2011) |
| "Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly recognized cause of liver disease worldwide." | 2.47 | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: the hidden epidemic. ( Ismail, MH, 2011) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes often have multiple cardiovascular risk factors and require multiple cardiac and diabetes medications." | 2.47 | Clinical practice and implications of recent diabetes trials. ( Webster, MW, 2011) |
| "Colorectal carcinoma is a tumour with higher incidence in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity." | 2.47 | [Colorectal cancer and diabetes]. ( Svacina, S, 2011) |
| "Metformin is an orally available, biguanide derivative that is widely used in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes." | 2.47 | Anticancer effects of metformin and its potential use as a therapeutic agent for breast cancer. ( Guppy, A; Jamal-Hanjani, M; Pickering, L, 2011) |
| "Metformin is widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 2.47 | [Metformin - mechanisms of action and use for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus]. ( Bober, J; Grzybowska, M; Olszewska, M, 2011) |
| "The incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have reached epidemic proportions in the United States." | 2.47 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus: practical approaches for primary care physicians. ( Freeman, JS; Gavin, JR; Lavernia, F; Shubrook, JH, 2011) |
| "In the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes there are several biological processes, which may explain the higher cancer risk in type 2 diabetes." | 2.47 | [Diabetes and cancer risk: oncologic considerations]. ( Rosta, A, 2011) |
| "Fasting hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) results from elevated endogenous glucose production (EGP), which is mostly due to augmented hepatic gluconeogenesis." | 2.47 | The role of metformin and thiazolidinediones in the regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism and its clinical impact. ( Phielix, E; Roden, M; Szendroedi, J, 2011) |
| "Successful care of the patient with type 2 diabetes requires not only focus on glucose management but also on comorbidities such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity which are closely linked to microvascular and macrovascular complications." | 2.47 | Recent diabetes issues affecting the primary care clinician. ( Barboza, J; Sando, KR; Taylor, J; Willis, C, 2011) |
| "For treating patients with type 2 diabetes, gliptins can primarily be used in combination with metformin." | 2.47 | [Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors (gliptins): a new class of oral antidiabetic drugs]. ( Jermendy, G, 2011) |
| "In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, treatment with metformin is associated with a lower cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, compared with alternative glucose-lowering drugs." | 2.47 | The cardioprotective effects of metformin. ( de Boer, RA; El Messaoudi, S; Riksen, NP; Rongen, GA, 2011) |
| "For most patients with type 2 diabetes that is inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy, the addition of a sulphonylurea represents the most cost-effective second-line therapy." | 2.47 | Cost-effectiveness of second-line antihyperglycemic therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin. ( Cameron, C; Klarenbach, S; Singh, S; Ur, E, 2011) |
| "Type 2 diabetes is associated with increased risk of breast, colon, pancreatic and other types of cancer, while type 1 diabetes is associated with increase in stomach, pancreatic, endometrial and cervical cancer." | 2.47 | Diabetes mellitus and the risk of cancer. ( Abdallah, M; Alickaj, A; Asad, S; Forte, V; Mahmud, S; McFarlane, SI; Pandey, A, 2011) |
| "Linagliptin has a unique PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) profile and is the first DPP-4 inhibitor with a nonrenal elimination route." | 2.47 | Linagliptin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (pharmacokinetic evaluation). ( Scheen, AJ, 2011) |
| "The majority of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus will eventually require combination therapy involving two or more agents to achieve their glycemic target as their disease progresses." | 2.47 | Beyond metformin: initiating combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Goldman-Levine, JD, 2011) |
| "Cardiovascular events occurring in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are a major problem in clinical practice." | 2.46 | The cardiovascular effects of metformin: further reasons to consider an old drug as a cornerstone in the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Anfossi, G; Bonomo, K; Russo, I; Trovati, M, 2010) |
| " The added efficacy of saxagliptin in combination with other OADs in improving glycemic parameters has resulted in a significant proportion of patients achieving an HbA1c <7% versus monotherapy or active comparator." | 2.46 | Reaching HbA1c goals with saxagliptin in combination with other oral antidiabetic drugs. ( LaSalle, JR, 2010) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes are reported to have a worse response to cancer chemotherapy, have more complications, and have a poorer prognosis than patients with cancer without diabetes." | 2.46 | Insulin, insulin resistance, obesity, and cancer. ( Gallagher, EJ; LeRoith, D, 2010) |
| "Insulin resistance is a new target in the challenging management of chronic hepatitis C." | 2.46 | Insulin resistance and response to antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis C: mechanisms and management. ( del Campo, JA; López, RA; Romero-Gómez, M, 2010) |
| "An extensive literature search was performed to analyze the potential pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) interactions between metformin (first-line drug for the management of type 2 diabetes) and sitagliptin (first commercialized DPP IV inhibitor)." | 2.46 | Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of sitagliptin plus metformin. ( Scheen, AJ, 2010) |
| " A dose-response relationship and a relation between duration of prior treatment with metformin and the protective effect against cancer have been reported." | 2.46 | [Anti-cancer activity of metformin: new perspectives for an old drug]. ( Beck, E; Scheen, AJ, 2010) |
| "Metformin therapy has been widely used in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes for many years, yet the precise mode of action remains uncertain." | 2.46 | Metformin action on AMP-activated protein kinase: a translational research approach to understanding a potential new therapeutic target. ( Boyle, JG; McKay, GA; Salt, IP, 2010) |
| " A trend to a dose-response relationship was noted." | 2.46 | Metformin and cancer risk in diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Bonanni, B; Cazzaniga, M; Decensi, A; Gandini, S; Gennari, A; Goodwin, P; Puntoni, M, 2010) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus has been associated with an increased risk of hepatic, pancreatic, colon, endometrial, breast, and bladder cancer." | 2.46 | Diabetes mellitus and increased risk of cancer: focus on metformin and the insulin analogs. ( Cripps, R; McFarland, MS, 2010) |
| "This favors not only formation of type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular diseases, but also increaseas the incidence and prevalence of malignant tumors." | 2.46 | [Antidiabetic therapy--a new possibility in the complex therapy of cancer?]. ( Bánhegyi, RJ; Martyin, T; Nagy, AK; Pikó, B; Rus-Gal, PO; Varga, R; Wágner, R, 2010) |
| "Metformin is an insulin-sensitizing agent that may lower androgen levels." | 2.45 | The effects of metformin on endogenous androgens and SHBG in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Akl, EA; Barba, M; Guyatt, G; Musicco, F; Muti, P; Schünemann, HJ; Sperati, F, 2009) |
| "Alogliptin is a potent, highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor now undergoing clinical testing to support a new drug application for the treatment of type 2 diabetes." | 2.45 | Alogliptin: a new, highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. ( Pratley, RE, 2009) |
| "Metformin is a cornerstone of oral antidiabetic treatment." | 2.45 | Metformin--the gold standard in type 2 diabetes: what does the evidence tell us? ( Bosi, E, 2009) |
| "Vildagliptin treatment improves beta-cell sensitivity to glucose, producing increased insulin secretory rate relative to glucose in both postprandial and fasting states." | 2.45 | The scientific evidence: vildagliptin and the benefits of islet enhancement. ( Mathieu, C, 2009) |
| "Vildagliptin is a potent and selective oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor that improves glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by increasing both alpha- and beta-cell responsiveness to glucose." | 2.45 | Translating science into clinical practice: focus on vildagliptin in combination with metformin. ( Barnett, AH, 2009) |
| "Less than 10% of parathyroid carcinomas are non-functional, and as such, they have been rarely reported in the literature." | 2.45 | Non-functional parathyroid carcinoma: a review of the literature and report of a case requiring extensive surgery. ( Lewis, JS; Wilkins, BJ, 2009) |
| " DPP-4 inhibitors are safe and tolerable with no increased risk of adverse events compared to placebo and have a low risk of hypoglycaemia." | 2.45 | Clinical results of treating type 2 diabetic patients with sitagliptin, vildagliptin or saxagliptin--diabetes control and potential adverse events. ( Ahrén, B, 2009) |
| "Metformin has so far consistently succeeded in reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and exerting beneficial effects on lipids." | 2.45 | Oral antidiabetic agents: anti-atherosclerotic properties beyond glucose lowering? ( Maltezos, E; Papanas, N, 2009) |
| "Liraglutide has been approved for the combination with metformin and/or a sulfonylurea or with metformin and a thiazolidinedione, if treatment with one or a combination of these drugs is not sufficient for an adequate blood glucose control." | 2.45 | [Liraglutide: a human GLP-1 analogue for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2]. ( Jahn, E; Sausele, T, 2009) |
| "In many patients with type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia can be reduced with appropriate changes in diet and exercise, however, some patients with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance syndromes need pharmacological therapy to improve their metabolic control." | 2.45 | [Could oral antidiabetic agents be useful in the management of different types of diabetes and syndromes of insulin resistance in children and adolescents?]. ( Jarosz-Chobot, P; Nowowiejska, B; Otto-Buczkowska, E; Stańczyk, J, 2009) |
| " Future clinical trials are necessary to study the nephroprotective effects of the combined treatment at a low dosage in patients with diabetes." | 2.44 | Dapagliflozin and metformin in combination ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis and activating autophagy in diabetic rats. ( Htun, KT; Jaikumkao, K; Kothan, S; Lungkaphin, A; Montha, N; Pengrattanachot, N; Phengpol, N; Promsan, S; Sriburee, S; Sutthasupha, P; Thongnak, L, 2024) |
| "Obesity increases the risk of type 2 diabetes." | 2.44 | Pharmacotherapy for obesity in menopausal women. ( Barnett, A; Rahim, A; Samat, A, 2008) |
| "Metformin is a well-established ingredient of diabetes management, both as a monotherapy in early stages of type 2 diabetes and as adjunct therapy to virtually every other antihyperglycemic medicine available today." | 2.44 | Metformin: a review. ( Strack, T, 2008) |
| "Treatment of type 2 diabetes includes lifestyle adaptations and drug treatment with the recent availability of many new substances." | 2.44 | [Metformin role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes in 2008]. ( Philippe, J; Spada, A, 2008) |
| "Overall, 7% of the US population has type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and among people aged 60 years or older, approximately 20% have T2DM, representing a significant health burden in this age group." | 2.44 | Initiating insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Aoki, TJ; White, RD, 2007) |
| "Treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is based on lifestyle changes and oral antidiabetic agents or insulin." | 2.44 | [New therapies for type 2 diabetes: what place for incretin-based agents and rimonabant compared to the previous ones?]. ( Debaty, I; Halimi, S; Muller, M; Villaret, L, 2008) |
| "The progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes occurs over many years, strong evidence to support intervention to delay the progression from prediabetes to diabetes." | 2.44 | Approach to the patient with prediabetes. ( Aroda, VR; Ratner, R, 2008) |
| "Vildagliptin is a potent and selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4), orally active, that improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) primarily by enhancing pancreatic (alpha and beta) islet function." | 2.44 | Combination treatment in the management of type 2 diabetes: focus on vildagliptin and metformin as a single tablet. ( Dejager, S; Foley, J; Halimi, S; Minic, B; Schweizer, A, 2008) |
| "Metformin is a potent antihyperglycemic agent widely used in the management of type 2 diabetes whose main actions are the suppression of gluconeogenesis and the improvement of glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity." | 2.44 | Mechanisms of action of metformin in type 2 diabetes and associated complications: an overview. ( Carvalho, C; Correia, S; Moreira, PI; Oliveira, CR; Santos, MS; Seiça, R, 2008) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an increasingly prevalent condition worldwide." | 2.44 | New combination treatments in the management of diabetes: focus on sitagliptin-metformin. ( Feinglos, M; Green, J, 2008) |
| "The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes provides impetus for both development of new drugs to improve glycemic control and for reconsideration of treatment strategies with existing agents." | 2.44 | Safety and efficacy of nateglinide/metformin combination therapy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. ( Baron, MA; Israel, MK; Istvan, E, 2008) |
| "Increases in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes of 30-60% will occur in many Asian-Pacific countries by 2025, driven by urbanisation, sedentary habits and energy-rich diets." | 2.44 | Role of metformin in the initiation of pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes: an Asian-Pacific perspective. ( Adam, JM; Chan, JC; Chan, SP; Deerochanawong, C; Fernando, RE; Horn, LC; Litonjua, AD; Nguyen, TK; Shera, AS; Soegondo, S; Ta, VB; Yoon, KH; Zimmet, P, 2007) |
| "In addition, as type 2 diabetes is a progressive disease, it is still questionable whether the effect corresponds to a prevention effect or only to a postponing of the development of the disease." | 2.44 | Antidiabetic agents in subjects with mild dysglycaemia: prevention or early treatment of type 2 diabetes? ( Scheen, AJ, 2007) |
| "Novel aspects in the treatment of type 2 diabetes by GLP-1 receptor stimulation further include its influence on the insulin secretory pattern, insulin/glucagon ratio, body weight and possibly even pancreatic beta cell mass." | 2.44 | [Exenatide--an incretin-mimetic agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus]. ( Erdmann, E; Reuter, H, 2007) |
| "Meglitinide analogues are a class of oral hypoglycaemic agents that increase insulin secretion, in particular, during the early phase of insulin release." | 2.44 | Meglitinide analogues for type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Black, C; Donnelly, P; McIntyre, L; Royle, PL; Shepherd, JP; Thomas, S, 2007) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus affects 9." | 2.44 | Pharmacogenetics of metformin response: a step in the path toward personalized medicine. ( Reitman, ML; Schadt, EE, 2007) |
| "As insulin resistance is a pathophysiologic cornerstone of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, the use of Avandamet represents an optimal approach to the treatment of diabetes." | 2.44 | Metformin/rosiglitazone combination pill (Avandamet) for the treatment of patients with Type 2 diabetes. ( Smiley, D; Umpierrez, G, 2007) |
| "However, many antidiabetic treatments increase body weight." | 2.44 | Metformin and body weight. ( Golay, A, 2008) |
| " Acarbose has a very good safety profile and, owing to its straightforward, non-systemic mode of action, avoids most adverse events." | 2.44 | Cardiovascular benefits and safety profile of acarbose therapy in prediabetes and established type 2 diabetes. ( Hanefeld, M, 2007) |
| "Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by progressive worsening of glycaemic control as indicated by the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS)." | 2.44 | beta-cell function and anti-diabetic pharmacotherapy. ( Bianchi, C; Del Prato, S; Marchetti, P, 2007) |
| "Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes in humans." | 2.44 | An overview of pancreatic beta-cell defects in human type 2 diabetes: implications for treatment. ( Dotta, F; Lauro, D; Marchetti, P; Purrello, F, 2008) |
| "Metformin has little effect on any of the adipose tissue derived factors but appears to reduce diabetes related mortality according to limited evidence." | 2.44 | Adipose tissue and diabetes therapy: do we hit the target? ( Pfeiffer, AF, 2007) |
| " This article reviews the clinical data behind the use of metformin in combination with TZDs for the management of diabetes, its impact on vascular health, side effects and potential mechanisms of action for combined use." | 2.44 | Treatment update: thiazolidinediones in combination with metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. ( Elasy, T; Stafford, JM, 2007) |
| "Weight loss has been shown to improve sensitivity to insulin as a result of either altered diet or exercise." | 2.44 | Effects of insulin resistance on endothelial function: possible mechanisms and clinical implications. ( Cokkinos, D; Stefanadis, C; Tousoulis, D; Tsarpalis, K, 2008) |
| "Rosiglitazone (Avandia) is an antihyperglycaemic agent of the thiazolidinedione class that improves glycaemic control (as indicated by glycosylated haemoglobin [HbA1c] and fasting plasma glucose [FPG] levels) primarily by increasing hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity, and in addition may help to preserve pancreatic beta-cell function." | 2.44 | Rosiglitazone : a review of its use in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Deeks, ED; Keam, SJ, 2007) |
| "The recommended first step for treatment of metabolic syndrome is lifestyle modifications such as weight loss, aerobic exercise, smoking cessation, and improved diet which independently improve insulin resistance and slow progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 2.44 | Metabolic syndrome: are we at risk? ( Paudel, B, 2007) |
| "Type 2 diabetes is a progressive syndrome that evolves toward complete insulin deficiency during the patient's life." | 2.44 | Treatment of type 2 diabetes with combined therapy: what are the pros and cons? ( Massi-Benedetti, M; Orsini-Federici, M, 2008) |
| "Metformin has long been known to reduce the development of atherosclerotic lesions in animal models, and clinical studies have shown the drug to reduce surrogate measures such as carotid intima-media thickness." | 2.44 | Metformin: effects on micro and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes. ( Bailey, CJ, 2008) |
| " The sitagliptin dosage recommended by the manufacturer is 100 mg once daily as monotherapy or in combination with metformin or a thiazolidinedione." | 2.44 | Sitagliptin: a novel agent for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Nogid, A; Pham, DQ; Plakogiannis, R, 2008) |
| "Overt type 2 diabetes is usually preceded by a condition known as prediabetes, which is characterized by impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)." | 2.44 | Identification and treatment of prediabetes to prevent progression to type 2 diabetes. ( Fonseca, VA, 2007) |
| "The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of a sulphonylurea on glycaemic control and the risk adverse events when incorporated into the treatment regimen of patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin." | 2.44 | Glycaemic control and adverse events in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin + sulphonylurea: a meta-analysis. ( Belsey, J; Krishnarajah, G, 2008) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a growing epidemic." | 2.43 | Pharmacologic prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Anderson, DC, 2005) |
| "Therefore, treatment of IGT and type 2 diabetes should aim at restoring the normal relation between insulin sensitivity and secretion." | 2.43 | Islet adaptation to insulin resistance: mechanisms and implications for intervention. ( Ahrén, B; Pacini, G, 2005) |
| "The primary aim must be the treatment of the insulin resistance." | 2.43 | [Controversial therapeutic strategies in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus]. ( Schumm-Draeger, PM, 2005) |
| "Metformin is an anti-hyperglycaemic agent used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 2.43 | Metformin monotherapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Ausejo, M; Fernandez-Esteban, I; Mataix, A; Moher, D; Roque, M; Saenz, A, 2005) |
| "Metformin has proven to be effective in the management of the metabolic disturbances, anovulation and hirsutism and is now a widely accepted therapy." | 2.43 | [Polycystic ovary syndrome. New pathophysiological discoveries--therapeutic consequences]. ( Madsbad, S; Nilas, L; Nørgaard, K; Svendsen, PF, 2005) |
| " Under the terms of the agreement, Biovail will pay DepoMed a 25 million dollars milestone fee upon approval of the 500mg dosage and also customary royalties on the net sales in the US and Canada." | 2.43 | Metformin extended release: metformin gastric retention, metformin GR, metformin XR. ( , 2005) |
| "Metformin was more beneficial than the sulphonylureas or insulin for any clinical event associated with diabetes (relative risk [RR]=0." | 2.43 | [Metformin for type-2 diabetes mellitus. Systematic review and meta-analysis]. ( Ausejo Segura, M; Fernández Esteban, I; Mataix Sanjuán, A; Moher, D; Roqué, M; Sáenz Calvo, A, 2005) |
| "Type 2 diabetes has a complex pathophysiology, combining a defect of insulin secretion by the pancreas, an increased glucose production by the liver and a reduced insulin-mediated glucose uptake by the skeletal muscle." | 2.43 | [Triple oral therapy in type 2 diabetes]. ( Scheen, AJ, 2005) |
| "In patients with type 2 diabetes, metformin improves fasting hepatic insulin sensitivity and glucose clearance; TZDs improve fasting hepatic insulin sensitivity and glucose clearance, and potentiate glucose disposal under insulinised conditions." | 2.43 | Effects of metformin and thiazolidinediones on suppression of hepatic glucose production and stimulation of glucose uptake in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. ( Ferrannini, E; Natali, A, 2006) |
| "Metformin is a hepato-selective insulin sensitizer." | 2.43 | Metformin: old wine in new bottle--evolving technology and therapy in diabetes. ( Joshi, SR, 2005) |
| "Metformin ER was well tolerated at doses of 1500 or 2000 mg/day, with no increase in the frequency or severity of adverse events at the higher dose." | 2.43 | Metformin extended release for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Berner, B; Schwartz, SL; Wu, JF, 2006) |
| "Prediabetes is important to recognise because of at least 2 major implications: increased risk for future diabetes and for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases." | 2.43 | Drug therapy in prediabetes. ( Chowdhury, S; Mukhopadhyay, P, 2005) |
| "Type 2 diabetes and obesity are common metabolic disorders characterized by resistance to the actions of insulin to stimulate skeletal muscle glucose disposal." | 2.43 | Insulin resistance and improvements in signal transduction. ( Goodyear, LJ; Musi, N, 2006) |
| "Treatment with rosiglitazone in combination with metformin provides better glycaemic control over the remaining lifetime of patients than metformin and sulfonylurea combination therapy." | 2.43 | Cost-effectiveness of rosiglitazone combination therapy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the UK. ( Bagust, A; Beale, S; Hulme, L; Martin, A; Shearer, AT, 2006) |
| "To assess the lifetime diabetes health consequences and cost-effectiveness in Spain of rosiglitazone in combination with metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in overweight and obese patients failing to maintain glycaemic control with metformin monotherapy compared with conventional care of metformin in combination with either sulfonylureas or bedtime insulin." | 2.43 | Lifetime health consequences and cost-effectiveness of rosiglitazone in combination with metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in Spain. ( Ampudia-Blasco, FJ; Bagust, A; Martínez-Lage Alvarez, B; París, G; Pérez Escolano, I; Shearer, AT, 2006) |
| "In addition, individuals with type 2 diabetes demonstrate insufficient secretion of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)." | 2.43 | Incretin mimetics and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors: a review of emerging therapies for type 2 diabetes. ( Kendall, DM; Kim, D; Maggs, D, 2006) |
| "This article reviews available information on the clinical pharmacology, comparative efficacy, tolerability, drug interactions, contraindications and precautions, dosage and administration, availability and storage, and cost of exenatide." | 2.43 | Exenatide: an incretin mimetic for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Baker, DE; Iltz, JL; Keith Campbell, R; Setter, SM, 2006) |
| "Insulin resistance has a complex etiology, with multiple manifestations across the organ systems involved in glucose homeostasis." | 2.43 | Metformin and pioglitazone: Effectively treating insulin resistance. ( Staels, B, 2006) |
| " Pioglitazone and metformin are well tolerated in combination, with low rates of hypoglycemia, and the convenience of a single tablet may be expected to aid dosing compliance." | 2.43 | A fixed-dose combination of pioglitazone and metformin: A promising alternative in metabolic control. ( Seufert, J, 2006) |
| "Except for the outcome incidence of type 2 diabetes in acarbose versus no treatment (two studies), meta-analyses were not possible." | 2.43 | Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors for people with impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting blood glucose. ( Akkermans, RP; De Grauw, WJ; Lucassen, PL; Van de Laar, FA; Van de Lisdonk, EH, 2006) |
| "Metformin is a widely used drug in the therapy of patients affected by diabetes mellitus." | 2.43 | Metformin beyond diabetes: new life for an old drug. ( Mannucci, E; Monami, M; Rotella, CM, 2006) |
| "Type 2 diabetes is the most common metabolic disease." | 2.42 | Prevention of type 2 diabetes: are we ready? ( Bouche, C; Goldfine, AB, 2003) |
| "This is the case in type 2 diabetes mellitus which requires several drugs, either to treat diabetes or to prevent cardiovascular complications." | 2.42 | [Drug compliance in type 2 diabetes: role of drug treatment regimens and consequences on their benefits]. ( Penfornis, A, 2003) |
| "Nateglinide was well tolerated with a low incidence of hypoglycemia in all subgroups, including those with RI and low baseline HbA(1c)." | 2.42 | Treatment of patients over 64 years of age with type 2 diabetes: experience from nateglinide pooled database retrospective analysis. ( Del Prato, S; Emmons, RP; Guitard, C; Heine, RJ; Keilson, L; Shen, SG, 2003) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are associated with insulin resistance and/or impaired insulin secretion." | 2.42 | [Nateglinide and mitiglinide]. ( Odawara, M, 2003) |
| "In the United States, the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in children and adolescents has been increasing at an alarming rate." | 2.42 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus in youth. ( Evans, BJ; Kerrigan, JR; Quarry-Horn, JL, 2003) |
| "Metformin, a biguanide, has been available in the US for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus for nearly 8 years." | 2.42 | Metformin: new understandings, new uses. ( Hundal, RS; Inzucchi, SE, 2003) |
| "Metformin is a hypoglycaemic agent widely used in the management of type 2 diabetes." | 2.42 | Antiatherogenic properties of metformin: the experimental evidence. ( Mamputu, JC; Renier, G; Wiernsperger, NF, 2003) |
| "Metformin is a mild inhibitor of respiratory chain complex 1; it activates AMPK in several models, apparently independently of changes in the AMP-to-ATP ratio; it activates G6PDH in a model of high-fat related insulin resistance; and it has antioxidant properties by a mechanism (s), which is (are) not completely elucidated as yet." | 2.42 | Mitochondrial metabolism and type-2 diabetes: a specific target of metformin. ( Batandier, C; Chauvin, C; Detaille, D; Fontaine, E; Guigas, B; Koceir, EA; Leverve, XM; Wiernsperger, NF, 2003) |
| "Treatment with metformin significantly reduced the incidence of diabetes in subjects with IGT and high-normal fasting plasma glucose in the DPP." | 2.42 | The potential of metformin for diabetes prevention. ( Slama, G, 2003) |
| "The predicted global epidemic of type 2 diabetes highlights the importance of identifying the most effective ways to reduce the risk of long-term diabetic complications." | 2.42 | Metformin and vascular protection: a cardiologist's view. ( Libby, P, 2003) |
| "With the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus having increased to approximately 8% during recent years and a further rise likely, type 2 diabetes will develop into a major health care problem in Europe." | 2.42 | [Optimized diabetes therapy in type 2 diabetics]. ( Clemens, A; Riemann, JF; Siegel, EG, 2003) |
| "The public health burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus has been dramatically increased worldwide." | 2.42 | [Is type-2 diabetes mellitus preventable?]. ( Jermendy, G, 2003) |
| "Insulin resistance is central to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and may contribute to atherogenesis, either directly or through associated risk factors." | 2.42 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists in atherosclerosis: current evidence and future directions. ( Evans, M; Rees, A; Roberts, AW; Thomas, A, 2003) |
| "Only metformin has clearly proved that it can reduce mortality in obese patients with type 2 diabetes." | 2.42 | [Drug treatment of type 2 diabetes]. ( Bock, GM; Plank, J, 2003) |
| "Treatment with metformin was less effective than lifestyle modifications, resulting in an average reduction of risk for development of type 2 diabetes by 31% compared with placebo." | 2.42 | [Progress in the prevention of type 2 diabetes]. ( Schernthaner, G, 2003) |
| "Metformin has multiple benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes." | 2.42 | Metformin hydrochloride in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a clinical review with a focus on dual therapy. ( Campbell, RK; Iltz, JL; Setter, SM; Thams, J, 2003) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and it accounts for up to 80% of excess deaths in these patients." | 2.42 | Role of oral anti-diabetic agents in modifying cardiovascular risk factors. ( Farag, A; McFarlane, SI; Rothman, J; Shin, JJ; Sowers, JR, 2003) |
| "Treatment options for type 2 diabetes mellitus currently consist of insulin sensitizers, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, secretagogues, and insulin." | 2.42 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus: what is the optimal treatment regimen? ( Bell, DS, 2004) |
| "Pioglitazone is a TZD that provides appropriate monotherapy or combination treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes." | 2.42 | Long-term glycaemic control with pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Campbell, IW, 2004) |
| "Insulin resistance is a condition in which the glycemic response to insulin is less than normal." | 2.42 | Treatment of insulin resistance in diabetes mellitus. ( Banerji, MA; Lebovitz, HE, 2004) |
| "Type 2 diabetes is a common disease associated with an increased risk of long-term complications, in particular cardiovascular disease." | 2.42 | Rosiglitazone plus metformin: combination therapy for Type 2 diabetes. ( Del Prato, S; Volpe, L, 2004) |
| " The 500mg dosage was developed by Depomed using its patented drug delivery GR technology, while Biovail developed the metformin 1000mg dose using its proprietary Smartcoat delivery technology." | 2.42 | Metformin extended release--DepoMed: metformin, metformin gastric retention, metformin GR. ( , 2004) |
| "If the pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes should be tailored to the underlying pathophysiology, it would be necessary to use a combination of agents with complementary mechanisms of action." | 2.42 | Towards single-tablet therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Rationale and recent developments. ( Mooradian, AD, 2004) |
| " While the bioavailability (in terms of area under the plasma concentration-time curve) of metformin XT taken after the evening meal is similar to that of the IR formulation taken in divided doses, time to peak plasma concentrations is prolonged." | 2.42 | Extended-release metformin hydrochloride. Single-composition osmotic tablet formulation. ( Figgitt, DP; Wagstaff, AJ, 2004) |
| "Many patients with type 2 diabetes require treatment with more than one antihyperglycemic drug to achieve optimal glycemic control." | 2.42 | Rosiglitazone maleate/metformin hydrochloride: a new formulation therapy for type 2 diabetes. ( Cox, SL, 2004) |
| "Metformin is a first-line drug in the treatment of overweight and obese type 2 diabetic patients, offering a selective pathophysiological approach by its effect on insulin resistance." | 2.42 | Current indications for metformin therapy. ( Tankova, T, 2003) |
| "The incidence of congestive cardiac failure was similar with pioglitazone (12/1857) and non-pioglitazone (10/1856) treatments." | 2.42 | Cardiovascular effects of treatment of type 2 diabetes with pioglitazone, metformin and gliclazide. ( Belcher, G; Edwards, G; Goh, KL; Lambert, C; Valbuena, M, 2004) |
| "Insulin resistance is a major endocrinopathy underlying the development of hyperglycaemia and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes." | 2.42 | Avandamet: combined metformin-rosiglitazone treatment for insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. ( Bailey, CJ; Day, C, 2004) |
| "The prevalence of type 2 diabetes continues to show a clear upward trend in Germany." | 2.42 | [Oral diabetes treatment. Which substance is indicated at which time?]. ( Hamann, A; Morcos, M; Nawroth, P, 2004) |
| "Insulin resistance is a prominent feature of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and women with the disorder are at increased risk for the development of other diseases that have been linked to insulin resistance-namely, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease." | 2.41 | Should patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome be treated with metformin?: an enthusiastic endorsement. ( Nestler, JE, 2002) |
| "Treatment with metformin was less effective than lifestyle modifications, resulting in an average reduction of risk of T2D of 31% compared with placebo." | 2.41 | Can reducing peaks prevent type 2 diabetes: implication from recent diabetes prevention trials. ( Haffner, SM, 2002) |
| "The pathophysiologic knowledge on type 2 diabetes has moved and the disease is nowadays more complex with a loss of the beta cell mass and an insulin resistance state of the liver, muscle and adipocyte tissue associated with a defect in gastro-intestinal hormones in the postprandial state." | 2.41 | Oral anti diabetic polychemotherapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Gin, H; Rigalleau, V, 2002) |
| " The prandial glucose regulator repaglinide has been studied in combination with metformin (an inhibitor of hepatic glucose production), neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH)-insulin (which has a long duration of effect, but at the risk of early hypoglycaemia and late hyperglycaemia in the dosing interval) and three thiazolidinediones (TZDs--troglitazone, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, which stimulate nuclear receptors to increase insulin sensitivity and reduce insulin resistance) in patients whose diabetes was inadequately controlled by previous monotherapy or combination therapy." | 2.41 | Repaglinide in combination therapy. ( Moses, R, 2002) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a progressive disorder, and although oral monotherapy is often initially successful, it is associated with a high secondary failure rate, which contributes to the development of long-term diabetes complications resulting from persistent hyperglycemia." | 2.41 | Combining sulfonylureas and other oral agents. ( Riddle, M, 2000) |
| "Lactic acidosis is a rare, serious adverse effect of metformin, which can be prevented by carefully observing the contra-indications." | 2.41 | [Metformin efficacious in poorly controlled diabetes mellitus type 2]. ( Hoekstra, JB; Holleman, F; Stades, AM, 2000) |
| "This article reviews the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, drug interactions, and dosing of rosiglitazone, the second thiazolidinedione approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 2.41 | Rosiglitazone in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a critical review. ( Bolesta, S; Malinowski, JM, 2000) |
| "Metformin treatment improved fasting hyperglycemia in these patients through a reduction in hepatic glucose production, which could be attributed to a decrease in gluconeogenesis." | 2.41 | Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of hepatic glucose metabolism in humans. ( Petersen, KF; Roden, M; Shulman, GI, 2001) |
| "Rosiglitazone does not cause hypoglycaemia or gastrointestinal side effects." | 2.41 | Rosiglitazone. ( Huijberts, MS; Sels, JP; Wolffenbuttel, BH, 2001) |
| "Type 2 diabetes is the most prevalent form of diabetes, accounting for approximately 90% of cases." | 2.41 | Management of type 2 diabetes. Evolving strategies for treatment. ( Kitabchi, AE; Umpierrez, GE, 2001) |
| "Repaglinide is an insulin secretion enhancer with a different mechanism of action to the sulphonylureas, which means it does not continuously stimulate insulin secretion." | 2.41 | [Repaglinide, potentially a therapeutic improvement for diabetes mellitus type 2]. ( Rutten, GE, 2001) |
| "Nateglinide is a novel D-phenylalanine derivative that inhibits ATP-sensitive K+ channels in pancreatic beta-cells in the presence of glucose and thereby restores first phase insulin response in patients with Type 2 diabetes." | 2.41 | Nateglinide: a new rapid-acting insulinotropic agent. ( Hanif, W; Kumar, S, 2001) |
| " When multiple dosages of a drug were tested, the results of the highest approved dosage were used." | 2.41 | Oral antihyperglycemic therapy for type 2 diabetes: scientific review. ( Inzucchi, SE, 2002) |
| "the Pima Indians." | 2.41 | Children with type 2 diabetes: the risks of complications. ( Matthews, DR; Wallace, TM, 2002) |
| "Type 2 diabetes is responsible for various micro and macro-vascular complications, appearing early in the course of the disease." | 2.41 | [Is a new therapeutic class justified in the treatment of type 2 diabetes?]. ( Halimi, S, 2002) |
| "Increasingly, type 2 diabetes takes a toll on public health and healthcare costs in the United States." | 2.41 | Current oral agents for type 2 diabetes. Many options, but which to choose when? ( Ahmann, AJ; Riddle, MC, 2002) |
| "Metformin is an insulin-sensitizing agent with potent antihyperglycemic properties." | 2.41 | Metformin: an update. ( Kirpichnikov, D; McFarlane, SI; Sowers, JR, 2002) |
| "Metformin does not increase lactate production from skeletal muscle and has little clinically significant effect on vitamin B12 and folic acid absorption." | 2.40 | Metformin: a safe and effective treatment in the management of NIDDM. ( Kilo, C, 1997) |
| "Metformin is an antihyperglycemic agent; it lowers the blood glucose concentration without causing hypoglycemia." | 2.40 | Metformin hydrochloride: an antihyperglycemic agent. ( Kelly, MW; Klepser, TB, 1997) |
| "In these populations, NIDDM may be present in 10% to as much as 50% of the adult population." | 2.40 | [Steps toward the primary prevention of type II diabetes mellitus. Various epidemiological considerations]. ( Flórez, H, 1997) |
| "Metformin is a sage and effective drug for management of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus." | 2.40 | Metformin. ( Bell, PM; Hadden, DR, 1997) |
| "Biguanides have been used in treatment of diabetes mellitus for over 30 years now." | 2.40 | [Value of biguanide in therapy of diabetes mellitus]. ( Haupt, E; Panten, U, 1997) |
| "In older patients with type 2 diabetes, life expectancy and the presence of microvascular complications determine the appropriate intensity of glucose control." | 2.40 | Type 2 diabetes: glycemic targets and oral therapies for older patients. ( Lardinois, CK, 1998) |
| "Metformin is a biguanide used to treat type II diabetes mellitus." | 2.40 | Metformin and contrast media--a dangerous combination? ( Gilbert, FJ; McCartney, MM; McHardy, K; Murchison, LE; Murray, AD; Pearson, D, 1999) |
| " Common to both agents is a relatively high incidence of gastrointestinal adverse effects." | 2.40 | Managing therapy and adverse effects with antihyperglycemic agents: a focus on metformin and acarbose. ( Phillips, BB, 1997) |
| "Management of patients with type 2 diabetes should focus on decreasing the excess macrovascular disease with which it is associated as well as preventing or minimizing microvascular disease." | 2.40 | Effects of oral antihyperglycemic agents in modifying macrovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes. ( Lebovitz, HE, 1999) |
| "Insulin resistance is one of the cardinal pathophysiological components of the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and frequently co-exists with essential hypertension." | 2.40 | Insulin resistance: site of the primary defect or how the current and the emerging therapies work. ( Caro, JF; Kolaczynski, JW, 1998) |
| "Treatment with metformin reduced mortality due to cardiovascular disease in obese patients." | 2.40 | [Glycemic regulation and management of essential hypertension in diabetics with type 2 diabetes mellitus; the 'United Kingdom prospective diabetes study' of diabetic complications]. ( Heine, RJ; Wolffenbuttel, BH, 1999) |
| "Metformin has been used for over 40 years as an effective glucose-lowering agent in type 2 (noninsulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus." | 2.40 | A risk-benefit assessment of metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Bailey, CJ; Howlett, HC, 1999) |
| " Careful selection of most relevant data in terms of dosage prompted this original review, largely devoted to the drug action at the cell level and whose hypotheses/conclusions are tentatively interpreted according to corresponding basic scientific knowledge." | 2.40 | Membrane physiology as a basis for the cellular effects of metformin in insulin resistance and diabetes. ( Wiernsperger, NF, 1999) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that results from defects in both insulin secretion and insulin action." | 2.40 | Pharmacologic therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( DeFronzo, RA, 1999) |
| "The relief of insulin resistance is one of the two therapeutic targets of the treatment of type 2 diabetes." | 2.40 | [Current status of the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The revival of insulin-resistance drugs]. ( Andres, E; Blicklé, JF; Brogard, JM; Neyrolles, N, 1999) |
| "NIDDM is characterized by a decrease in insulin sensitivity of the liver, the muscles and adipocytes." | 2.40 | [Insulin resistance: therapeutic approaches]. ( Gin, H; Rigalleau, V, 1999) |
| " Discussion of its putative risks and benefits as well as the barriers to its wider use both in the context of monotherapy and in combination with oral antidiabetic agents is provided." | 2.40 | The use of insulin alone and in combination with oral agents in type 2 diabetes. ( Buse, JB, 1999) |
| " They also suggest that long term administration of metformin might be helpful in treating insulin resistance, thus reducing risks of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes and cardiovascular disease in these patients." | 2.40 | Insulin resistance, polycystic ovary syndrome and metformin. ( Ducluzeau, PH; Pugeat, M, 1999) |
| "Oral therapy for early type 2 diabetes can be relatively inexpensive, and evidence of its cost-effectiveness is accumulating." | 2.40 | Oral pharmacologic management of type 2 diabetes. ( Riddle, MC, 1999) |
| "Obesity is a chronic disease and requires ongoing treatment." | 2.40 | Obesity medications and the treatment of type 2 diabetes. ( Greenway, F, 1999) |
| "NIDDM is the result of concomitant defects in both insulin secretion and insulin action." | 2.39 | What therapy do our NIDDM patients need? Insulin releasers. ( Crepaldi, G; Del Prato, S, 1995) |
| "Metformin is a biguanide that can used alone or in combination with sulfonylureas or insulin in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)." | 2.39 | Metformin: a new treatment option for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. ( Bjelajac, A; Carson, DS; Goo, AK, 1996) |
| "Metformin has an absolute oral bioavailability of 40 to 60%, and gastrointestinal absorption is apparently complete within 6 hours of ingestion." | 2.39 | Clinical pharmacokinetics of metformin. ( Scheen, AJ, 1996) |
| "Metformin is an antihyperglycemic agent with a mean bioavailability of 50-60%." | 2.39 | Metformin: an antihyperglycemic agent for treatment of type II diabetes. ( Jaber, LA; Melchior, WR, 1996) |
| "Both hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia have been suggested as risk factors for accelerated atherogenesis in diabetes." | 2.39 | Does treatment of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus reduce the risk of coronary heart disease? ( Giugliano, D, 1996) |
| "Metformin has an antihypertriglyceridaemic effect and exerts various potentially useful effects on haemostasis." | 2.38 | Metformin--an update. ( Bailey, CJ, 1993) |
| "The biguanides are a class of oral hypoglycemic agents that are commonly used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus." | 2.38 | Biguanide-associated lactic acidosis. Case report and review of the literature. ( Arieff, AI; Barr, J; Gan, SC; Pearl, RG, 1992) |
| "Metformin is an antihyperglycaemic agent which can be used to ameliorate insulin resistance." | 2.37 | Treatment--metformin. ( Bailey, CJ; Nattrass, M, 1988) |
| "Patients aged ≥40 with diagnosed type 2 diabetes were included." | 1.91 | Metformin and risk of age-related macular degeneration in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study. ( Adderley, NJ; Braithwaite, T; Coker, J; Denniston, AK; Gokhale, KM; Han, D; Keane, PA; Lee, WH; Nirantharakumar, K; Subramanian, A, 2023) |
| "Metformin (MtF) is a treatment used for type 2 diabetes." | 1.91 | Ultrafast Measurement of Metformin in the Clinical Setting Using Probe Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. ( Bodeau, S; Dulaurent, S; El Balkhi, S; Griffeuille, P; Lamoureux, F; Marquet, P; Saint-Marcoux, F, 2023) |
| "Metformin was used as the antidiabetic drug." | 1.91 | Ferulic acid mitigates diabetic cardiomyopathy via modulation of metabolic abnormalities in cardiac tissues of diabetic rats. ( Erukainure, OL; Ijomone, OK; Islam, MS; Msomi, NZ; Olofinsan, KA; Salau, VF, 2023) |
| "Metformin could inhibit the expression of CCNE1, which is associated with the anti-proliferative effect of tumor cells." | 1.91 | CCNE1 is a potential target of Metformin for tumor suppression of ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma. ( Chu, TY; Huang, HS; Liou, YL; Mei, J; Tian, H; Wang, J; Wu, N; Zhang, W, 2023) |
| "Metformin is an oral agent used for the management of type 2 diabetes." | 1.91 | Metformin for the Treatment of Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis. ( Blitzer, A; Din-Lovinescu, C, 2023) |
| "Metformin dose was significantly correlated with drug concentrations in all tissues analysed." | 1.91 | Tumour, whole-blood, plasma and tissue concentrations of metformin in lung cancer patients. ( Demidenko, E; Fay, K; Hampsch, RA; Lewis, LD; Miller, TW; Ness, DB; Phillips, JD; Pooler, DB; Tau, S, 2023) |
| "Mood disorders are a major cause of disability, and current treatment options are inadequate for reducing the burden on a global scale." | 1.91 | Metformin is Protective Against the Development of Mood Disorders. ( Berk, M; Bortolasci, CC; Crowley, T; Dean, OM; Kidnapillai, S; Kim, JH; Lake, J; Liu, ZSJ; Panizzutti, B; Pasco, JA; Richardson, M; Spolding, B; Stuart, AL; Truong, TTT; Walder, K; Williams, LJ, 2023) |
| "Metformin has shown cardioprotective and neuroprotective effects in cardiac arrest and ischemia-reperfusion injury animal models." | 1.91 | Association between metformin and survival outcomes in in-hospital cardiac arrest patients with diabetes. ( Ahn, S; Cho, H; Jin, BY; Kim, DH; Kim, J; Kim, SJ; Moon, S; Park, JH; Song, J, 2023) |
| "Metformin was the most common choice for patients with T2D and CKD." | 1.91 | Prescriber Uncertainty as Opportunity to Improve Care of Type 2 Diabetes with Chronic Kidney Disease: Mixed Methods Study. ( Flory, JH; Goytia, C; Guelce, D; Li, J; Mayer, V; Min, JY; Mushlin, A; Orloff, J, 2023) |
| "Persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are prone to zoster infection and postherpetic neuralgia due to compromised immunity." | 1.91 | Metformin use and the risks of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Hsu, CC; Hwu, CM; Wei, JC; Yen, FS; Yip, HT, 2023) |
| "Metformin dose was 1." | 1.91 | Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Metformin: AME-MET Study - A Multicentric Real-world Study in Italy. ( Agrimi, D; Alberto, B; Argese, N; Attanasio, R; Borretta, G; Crescenti, C; Disoteo, O; Elena, C; Fusco, A; Gabellieri, E; Grimaldi, F; Guglielmi, R; Lisco, G; Lo Pomo, F; Nizzoli, M; Panico, A; Pirali, B; Salcuni, AS; Turchi, F, 2023) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are particularly at risk of developing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and peripheral artery disease (PAD) due to an acceleration of the atherosclerotic process linked to hyperglycemia and inflammation with a greater risk of local complications." | 1.91 | Occurrence of Major Local Lower Limb Events in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Lower Extremity Arterial Disease: Impact of Metformin. ( Arnoux, A; Detriche, G; Galloula, A; Goudot, G; Khider, L; Maissoro, H; Messas, E; Mirault, T; Mohamedi, N; Poenou, G; Tan, S; Tran, Y, 2023) |
| "MetforminHydrochloride is an antidiabetic used for many years, currently; it considered the first choice in treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D)." | 1.91 | [Cross-Sectional Study on Adverse Effects of Metformin Hydrochloride on 130 Patients Type 2 Diabetic Admitted to Medical Center and Diabetes Home of Sidi Bel-Abbès]. ( Belakhdar, K; Kraroubi, A; Matmour, D; Sakouhi, M, 2023) |
| "Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a greater risk of bone fracture compared with those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT)." | 1.91 | Increased Advanced Glycation Endproducts, Stiffness, and Hardness in Iliac Crest Bone From Postmenopausal Women With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Insulin. ( Donnelly, E; Lekkala, S; Moseley, KF; Sacher, SE; Taylor, EA; Williams, RM, 2023) |
| " Further, the impact of metformin alone or in combination with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on cognition, depression, and QoL of T2DM patients was also compared with newly diagnosed T2DM patients." | 1.91 | Metformin alone and in combination with sitagliptin induces depression and impairs quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: An observational study. ( Athar, M; Garg, A; Khan, MA; Kohli, S; Parveen, R; Vohora, D, 2023) |
| "Type 2 diabetes is a major health burden to the society." | 1.91 | Effects of metformin and simvastatin treatment on ultrastructural features of liver macrophages in HFD mice. ( Bumbasirevic, V; Ciric, D; Jovanovic, S; Kravic-Stevovic, T; Martinovic, T; Petricevic, S; Trajkovic, V, 2023) |
| "Metformin is widely used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) individuals." | 1.91 | Implications of genetic variations, differential gene expression, and allele-specific expression on metformin response in drug-naïve type 2 diabetes. ( Jayaram, P; Mallya, S; Nagri, SK; Prabhu, NB; Rai, PS; Sharma, AR; Umakanth, S; Vohra, M, 2023) |
| "The pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has markedly evolved in the last two decades." | 1.91 | Clinical pharmacology of antidiabetic drugs: What can be expected of their use? ( Scheen, AJ, 2023) |
| "To observe the hypoglycemic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Tianshu" (ST 25) combined with metformin on rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as well as its effect on expression of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) in liver and pancreas." | 1.91 | [Hypoglycemic effect of electroacupuncture at "Tianshu" (ST 25) combined with metformin on rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus based on AMPK]. ( Chen, XY; Shen, XT; Xu, B; Yu, Z; Zhang, SS, 2023) |
| "Breast cancer is the fifth leading cause of death, worldwide affecting both genders." | 1.91 | Metformin enhances anti-cancer properties of resveratrol in MCF-7 breast cancer cells via induction of apoptosis, autophagy and alteration in cell cycle distribution. ( Akbarizadeh, AR; Fatehi, R; Firouzabadi, N; Rashedinia, M; Zamani, M, 2023) |
| " Repaglinide with poor water solubility has relatively low oral bioavailability (56%) and undergoes hepatic first-pass metabolism." | 1.91 | In Vivo Evaluation of Nanoemulsion Formulations for Metformin and Repaglinide Alone and Combination. ( Bayram, C; Cetin, M; Hacimuftuoglu, A; Kaplan, ABU; Taghizadehghalehjoughi, A; Yildirim, S, 2023) |
| "With increasing age, frailty emerges as a new complication leading to disability." | 1.91 | Effects of hypoglycaemic therapy on frailty: a multi-dimensional perspective. ( Abdelhafiz, AH, 2023) |
| " In this study, we formulated MTF into microparticles incorporating a glucose-responsive polymer (MP-MTF-GR), which could potentially increase the bioavailability and extend and control the release of MTF according to glucose levels." | 1.91 | Glucose-Responsive Microparticle-Loaded Dissolving Microneedles for Selective Delivery of Metformin: A Proof-of-Concept Study. ( Abizart, A; Asri, RM; Azis, SBA; Enggi, CK; Mahmud, TRA; Permana, AD; Qonita, HA; Syafika, N, 2023) |
| "Metformin is a common antidiabetic drug in clinical practice." | 1.91 | Association of metformin exposure with low risks of frailty and adverse outcomes in patients with diabetes. ( Li, J; Li, X; Li, Y; Liu, P; Ma, L; Pan, Y; Song, Y; Zhang, W; Zhou, Y, 2023) |
| "Here metformin hydrochloride was suggested to be useful for the treatment of recurrent CDI with type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 1.91 | [A case of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection with type 2 diabetes mellitus indicating the usefulness of metformin hydrochloride]. ( Obata, K; Yamashita, S, 2023) |
| "Insulin resistance was assessed using homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance." | 1.91 | Association of Hepcidin levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus treated with metformin or combined anti-diabetic agents in Pakistani population. ( Aziz, Q; Basit, A; Fawwad, A; Najeeb, T; Nangrejo, R; Siddiqui, IA; Soomro Late, MS; Waris, N, 2023) |
| "Metformin is the first-line drug for type 2 diabetes (T2D) while acarbose is suggested as a viable alternative in Chinese patients with newly diagnosed T2D." | 1.91 | Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Is a Potential Biomarker for Treatment Choice Between Metformin and Acarbose. ( Chen, F; Geng, Z; Liang, H; Shao, J; Wang, J; Wang, Y; Weng, J; Xu, T; Yang, W; Zheng, L; Zheng, X; Zhou, K, 2023) |
| "Metformin was prescribed to 99 patients (61%) ("M+"group) during the hospitalization, 62 patients were in "M-"group." | 1.91 | [Use of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes and acute myocardial infarction: safety and impact on glycemic control]. ( Korotina, MA; Pochinka, IG; Strongin, LG, 2023) |
| "The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to affect people around the world, with one of the most frequent comorbidities being Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)." | 1.91 | Gut microbiota in patients with COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes: A culture-based method. ( Kamyshnyi, A; Kobyliak, N; Petakh, P, 2023) |
| "Gastroparesis is a well-known consequence of long-standing diabetes that presents with gastric dysmotility in the absence of gastric outlet obstruction." | 1.91 | The role of mosapride and levosulpiride in gut function and glycemic control in diabetic rats. ( Akrab, SNA; Al Gawhary, NE; Morcos, GNB; Shafik, AN; Wissa, MY, 2023) |
| "Metformin treatment is associated with vitamin B12 deficiency, which is a risk factor for neuropathy." | 1.91 | Metformin treatment and risk of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Beijing, China. ( Chen, H; Hu, Y; Qin, X; Wang, M; Wang, S; Wu, J; Wu, T; Wu, Y; Yang, R; Yu, H, 2023) |
| "The objective was to investigate if metformin pharmacokinetics is modulated by time-of-day in humans using empirical and mechanistic pharmacokinetic modelling techniques on a large clinical dataset." | 1.91 | Significant impact of time-of-day variation on metformin pharmacokinetics. ( Dallmann, R; Dings, C; Hanke, N; Lehr, T; Nock, V; Scherer, N; Schwab, M; Selzer, D; Timmins, P; Türk, D, 2023) |
| "We included 2,515,468 patients with type 2 diabetes from the Korean National Insurance Service database without a history of AF who underwent health check-ups between 2009 and 2012." | 1.91 | Association between antidiabetic drugs and the incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with type 2 diabetes: A nationwide cohort study in South Korea. ( Cho, W; Han, KD; Kim, B; Kim, JY; Kim, S; Lee, WY; Min, C; Park, SY; Rhee, EJ; Rhee, SY; Yon, DK, 2023) |
| "The prevalence of prostate cancer according to metformin administration and the risk according to the cumulative duration of metformin were analyzed." | 1.91 | Risk analysis of metformin use in prostate cancer: a national population-based study. ( Heo, Y; Jo, JK; Kim, MJ; Kim, YJ; Song, HK, 2023) |
| "Cirsimaritin is a dimethoxy flavon that has different biological activities such as antiproliferative, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities." | 1.91 | The Emerging Importance of Cirsimaritin in Type 2 Diabetes Treatment. ( AbuDalo, R; Al-Hashimi, N; Alqudah, A; Alqudah, M; Alshaikh, HA; Athamneh, RY; Gammoh, O; Oqal, M; Qnais, E, 2023) |
| "Metformin is a first-line drug for the clinical treatment of type 2 diabetes; however, it always leads to gastrointestinal tolerance, low bioavailability, short half-life, etc." | 1.91 | A Novel Drug Delivery System: Hyodeoxycholic Acid-Modified Metformin Liposomes for Type 2 Diabetes Treatment. ( Chen, R; Chen, Y; Gou, T; Hu, M; Liu, J; Peng, C; Xu, M; Ye, Q; Zhou, T, 2023) |
| "In persons with type 2 diabetes, if the initial double combination is not sufficient, a triple combination (SGLT-2 inhibitor, GLP-1 receptor agonist, and metformin) is recommended." | 1.91 | Swiss recommendations of the Society for Endocrinology and Diabetes (SGED/SSED) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (2023). ( Alder, S; Brändle, M; Gastaldi, G; Laimer, M; Lehmann, R; Lucchini, B; Thalmann, S; Wiesli, P, 2023) |
| " The adverse events profile was consistent with other glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs); gastrointestinal adverse events were most frequent in all three studies." | 1.91 | Efficacy and safety of once-weekly efpeglenatide in people with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes: The AMPLITUDE-D, AMPLITUDE-L and AMPLITUDE-S randomized controlled trials. ( Aroda, VR; Baek, S; Choi, J; Denkel, K; Espinasse, M; Frias, JP; Guo, H; Ji, L; Lingvay, I; Nguyên-Pascal, ML; Niemoeller, E, 2023) |
| "Metformin users were 374 individuals, and 57 subjects didn't use metformin." | 1.91 | Assessment of cognitive impairment and depressive signs in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin from Southeast Mexico: A cross-sectional study. ( Cruz-Castillo, JD; Genis-Mendoza, AD; González-Castro, TB; Hernández-Palacios, F; Juárez-Rojop, IE; Molina-Guzmán, G; Nolasco-Rosales, GA; Pérez-Osorio, DA; Rodríguez-Sánchez, E; Tovilla-Zárate, CA; Villar-Juárez, GE, 2023) |
| "Cardiovascular diseases are characterized by problems affecting the circulatory system, specifically the heart and blood vessels." | 1.91 | Diabetes mellitus: relation between cardiovascular events and pharmacological treatment. ( Brito-Costa, S; Margalho, L; Monteiro, P; Santos, C, 2023) |
| "Pioglitazone is an insulin resistance inhibitor widely used as monotherapy or combined with metformin or insulin in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 1.91 | Pioglitazone use increases risk of Alzheimer's disease in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving insulin. ( Chen, CC; Chen, LC; Chien, WC; Chung, CH; Huang, KY; Lin, HA; Lin, HC; Tsai, MH; Wang, JY, 2023) |
| "Metformin was suggested to have larger effect to reduce death than sulfonylurea in patients receiving first-line DPP4i." | 1.91 | Prescription patterns and therapeutic effects of second-line drugs in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Analysis of claims data for metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors as the first-line hypoglycemic agents. ( Aoi, S; Iwasaki, K; Nishimura, R; Takeshima, T, 2023) |
| "No evidence exists as to whether type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) impairs clinical outcome from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in patients with solid tumors." | 1.91 | Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Efficacy Outcomes from Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Patients with Cancer. ( Ascierto, PA; Bersanelli, M; Bordi, P; Botticelli, A; Bracarda, S; Brunetti, L; Buti, S; Cannita, K; Chiari, R; Cleary, S; Cortellini, A; D'Alessio, A; De Tursi, M; Di Marino, P; Falconi, M; Ferrari, M; Ficorella, C; Filetti, M; Gelibter, A; Gennari, A; Ghidini, M; Giorgi, FC; Giusti, R; Grossi, F; Inno, A; Lo Bianco, F; Macrini, S; Mallardo, D; Marchetti, P; Marconcini, R; Morganstein, DL; Nibid, L; Nicolardi, L; Nigro, O; Pantano, F; Pergolesi, F; Perrone, G; Pinato, DJ; Queirolo, P; Rastelli, F; Russano, M; Russo, A; Sabarese, G; Santini, D; Sergi, MC; Siringo, M; Spagnolo, F; Spoto, C; Stucci, LS; Tanda, ET; Tonini, G; Tucci, M; Veltri, E; Vincenzi, B; Vitale, MG; Zarzana, MA; Zoratto, F, 2023) |
| "Metformin, a medication for type 2 diabetes, has been linked to many non-diabetes health benefits including increasing healthy lifespan." | 1.91 | Comparison of long-term effects of metformin on longevity between people with type 2 diabetes and matched non-diabetic controls. ( Escott-Price, V; Leonenko, G; Stevenson-Hoare, J, 2023) |
| "Dulaglutide is approved in type 2 diabetes as a hypoglycemic agent." | 1.91 | Glp-1 Receptor Agonists Regulate the Progression of Diabetes Mellitus Complicated with Fatty Liver by Down-regulating the Expression of Genes Related to Lipid Metabolism. ( Chen, H; Huang, H; Liu, Y; Zheng, S, 2023) |
| " However, it is poorly absorbed and has low bioavailability." | 1.91 | A Microstirring Oral Pill for Improving the Glucose-Lowering Effect of Metformin. ( Abbas, A; Askarinam, N; Fang, RH; Holay, M; Kubiatowicz, L; Mundaca-Uribe, R; Sage-Sepulveda, JS; Wang, J; Zhang, L, 2023) |
| "metformin was the most indicated in monotherapy (88." | 1.91 | [Cost-effectiveness of treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in México]. ( Andrade-Pineda, JE; Camarillo-Nava, VM; Carmona-Aparicio, L; Juárez-Zepeda, TE; Lucho-Gutiérrez, ZM; Pérez-López, D; Pérez-Lozano, DL; Reyes-Pacheco, JA, 2023) |
| "Common comorbidities were type 2 diabetes (56%), hyperlipidemia (44%), hypertension (46%), and obesity (42%)." | 1.91 | Clinical characteristics and management of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in a real-world setting: analysis of the Ipsos NASH therapy monitor database. ( Articolo, A; Charlton, M; Luthra, R; Shelley, K, 2023) |
| "45 (93." | 1.91 | Does Metformin in Different Doses Cause Vitamin B12 Deficiency? A cross-Sectional Study. ( Mohammed Ismail, S, 2023) |
| "Outcomes included total cancer and 4 site-specific cancers (breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate)." | 1.91 | Evaluating Metformin Strategies for Cancer Prevention: A Target Trial Emulation Using Electronic Health Records. ( Denaxas, S; Dickerman, BA; García-Albéniz, X; Hernán, MA; Logan, RW, 2023) |
| "Metformin, a type 2 diabetes treatment, improves the cognitive function of aged mice; however, whether the protective effects of metformin on cognitive function in aged mice are associated with the gut microbiome is poorly understood." | 1.91 | Akkermansia muciniphila, which is enriched in the gut microbiota by metformin, improves cognitive function in aged mice by reducing the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6. ( Feng, S; Huang, C; Huo, F; Liu, H; Shen, J; Wang, H; Zhu, X, 2023) |
| "Metformin does not increase the risk of liver and kidney function damage, but patients with renal dysfunction should adjust the dosage of metformin based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels." | 1.91 | [Chinese expert consensus on metformin in clinical practice: 2023 update]. ( , 2023) |
| "Metformin, used to treat Type 2 diabetes, is the active ingredient of one of the most prescribed drugs in the world, with over 120 million yearly prescriptions globally." | 1.91 | Environmental Concentrations of the Type 2 Diabetes Medication Metformin and Its Transformation Product Guanylurea in Surface Water and Sediment in Ontario and Quebec, Canada. ( Hughes, D; Lapen, DR; Littlejohn, C; Pappas, JJ; Renaud, JB; Sabourin, L; Sumarah, MW; Tuteja, B; Ussery, E; Yeung, KK, 2023) |
| "Metformin treatment decreased hepatic SGK1 expression levels in db/db mice." | 1.91 | Role of serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 in the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis. ( Chen, J; Liu, Q; Shao, L; Sheng, C; Tan, J; Wang, S; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Xu, Z; Zhou, L, 2023) |
| "Metformin, a frontline therapy for type 2 diabetes and related metabolic diseases, results in variable outcomes." | 1.91 | Non-Nutritive Sweetened Beverages Impair Therapeutic Benefits of Metformin in Prediabetic Diet-Induced Obese Mice. ( Bernier, A; de Lartigue, G; Rourk, K; Singh, A, 2023) |
| "Obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancers are equally endemic in our country." | 1.91 | [Investigation of glycaemic and nutritional status of patients suffering from cancer.] ( Bánhegyi, RJ; Beke, S; Mátrai, ÁA; Rácz, B; Veréb, B, 2023) |
| "High daily dosage (≥1500 mg/day) played an important role in metformin-associated vitamin B12 deficiency while not contributing to the risk of PN." | 1.91 | The effects of daily dose and treatment duration of metformin on the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency and peripheral neuropathy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A multicenter cross-sectional study. ( Bi, Y; Chen, S; Gao, L; Ji, L; Lei, M; Liu, F; Liu, X; Lu, Y; Ran, X; Shen, X; Su, Q; Wang, Y; Zhao, D, 2023) |
| "It has been used for the treatment of obesity, gestational diabetes, and polycystic ovary syndrome." | 1.91 | Role of metformin in the management of type 2 diabetes: recent advances. ( Gonzalez-Lopez, C; Wojeck, BS, 2023) |
| "Metformin was the most frequent treatment as first and third-line therapy, while the CT of metformin with DPP4i or sulfonylurea was more prevalent as second-line." | 1.91 | Longitudinal treatment patterns in patients recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Catalonia. ( Giner-Soriano, M; Monfa, R; Morros, R; Ouchi, D; Torres, F; Vilaplana-Carnerero, C, 2023) |
| "Metformin is a glucose-lowering, insulin-sensitizing drug that is commonly used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D)." | 1.91 | Chronic Metformin Administration Does Not Alter Carotid Sinus Nerve Activity in Control Rats. ( Conde, SV; Melo, BF; Prieto-Lloret, J; Sacramento, JF, 2023) |
| "For a complex subject like type 2 diabetes, we recommend reserving more time in the visit than the 20 min our campaign aimed for." | 1.91 | Academic detailing as a method to improve general practitioners' drug prescribing in type 2 diabetes: evaluation of changes in prescribing. ( Blix, HS; Dyrkorn, R; Langaas, HC; Salvesen, Ø; Spigset, O, 2023) |
| "Four type 2 diabetes-associated SNPs were annotated to genes with differential methylation between metformin cases and controls, e." | 1.91 | DNA methylation partially mediates antidiabetic effects of metformin on HbA1c levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. ( Ahlqvist, E; García-Calzón, S; Ling, C; Martinell, M; Perfilyev, A; Schrader, S, 2023) |
| "Chronic inflammation is a risk factor for diabetes, but it can also be a complication of diabetes, leading to severe diabetes and causing many other clinical manifestations." | 1.91 | Molecular insights of anti-diabetic compounds and its hyaluronic acid conjugates against aldose reductase enzyme through molecular modeling and simulations study-a novel treatment option for inflammatory diabetes. ( Jayabal, D; Jayanthi, S; Shimu, MSS; Thirumalaisamy, R, 2023) |
| "Metformin, a first-line medication for type 2 diabetes, might also have a protective effect against ageing-related diseases, but so far little experimental evidence is available." | 1.91 | Effects of putative metformin targets on phenotypic age and leukocyte telomere length: a mendelian randomisation study using data from the UK Biobank. ( Chui, CSL; Huang, Y; Luo, S; Schooling, CM; Wong, ICK; Yeung, SLA; Zheng, J, 2023) |
| "However, the role of IL-1RA in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), in particular the underlying mechanisms, remains to be elucidated." | 1.91 | IL-1RA promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma malignancy through mitochondrial metabolism-mediated EGFR/JNK/SOX2 pathway. ( Chan, LP; Chen, YK; Hu, SC; Hung, AC; Lo, S; Nguyen, HDH; Wang, YM; Wang, YY; Yuan, SF, 2023) |
| " This study evaluated cardiovascular outcomes by comparing SGLT2i with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) in combination with metformin in diabetic patients with AMI." | 1.91 | Comparison of SGLT2 inhibitors with DPP-4 inhibitors combined with metformin in patients with acute myocardial infarction and diabetes mellitus. ( Jeong, MH; Kim, JH; Kim, SY; Lyu, YS; Oh, S, 2023) |
| "The study enrolled 27,960 patients with type 2 diabetes, with 13,980 patients in each of the initial glucose-lowering prescription groups: metformin and non-metformin." | 1.91 | Association of Metformin Use with Iron Deficiency Anemia in Urban Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. ( Hu, Y; Qin, X; Wu, J; Wu, T; Wu, Y; Yang, R; Yu, H, 2023) |
| "We aimed to evaluate whether pulmonary fibrosis occurs in type 2 diabetes rat models and whether VD3 can prevent it by inhibiting pyroptosis." | 1.91 | Vitamin D3 alleviates lung fibrosis of type 2 diabetic rats via SIRT3 mediated suppression of pyroptosis. ( Chen, H; Li, M; Li, W; Li, X; Peng, Y; Song, H; Tang, L; Zhang, D; Zhang, Y, 2023) |
| "Dapagliflozin treatment significantly lowered systolic blood pressure by 5." | 1.91 | Comparison of therapeutic efficacy and safety of sitagliptin, dapagliflozin, or lobeglitazone adjunct therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on sulfonylurea and metformin: Third agent study. ( Hong, JH; Lim, S; Moon, JS; Seong, K, 2023) |
| "The management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) after a gastric bypass or a sleeve gastrectomy requires some cautions depending on the timing after the surgical procedure and the patient evolution." | 1.91 | [Use of antidiabetic medications in the course of bariatric/metabolic surgery]. ( Scheen, AJ, 2023) |
| "Metformin (25 μmol/L) was introduced after initial 12 h with palmitate." | 1.91 | Metformin restores prohormone processing enzymes and normalizes aberrations in secretion of proinsulin and insulin in palmitate-exposed human islets. ( Aydin, B; Bergsten, P; Chowdhury, AI; Forslund, A; Shekha, M; Stenlid, R; Wen, Q, 2023) |
| "Gallic acid is a type of phenolic acid that has been shown to be a potential drug candidate to treat diabetic kidney disease, an important complication of diabetes." | 1.91 | Gallic acid improves the metformin effects on diabetic kidney disease in mice. ( Hong, Y; Sun, W; Wang, J; Xu, X; Zhang, K; Zhang, L, 2023) |
| "The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among T2DM patients on metformin treatment in this study was high (48." | 1.91 | Prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in type 2 diabetic patients taking metformin, a cross-sectional study in primary healthcare. ( Al Quran, T; Al-Momani, R; Allan, H; Alsaleh, M; Aqel, HT; Bataineh, Z; Khader, A, 2023) |
| "Many people with type 2 diabetes experience clinical inertia, remaining in poor glycaemic control on oral glucose-lowering medications rather than intensifying treatment with a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, despite an efficacious, orally administered option, oral semaglutide, being available." | 1.91 | Early use of oral semaglutide in the UK: A cost-effectiveness analysis versus continuing metformin and SGLT-2 inhibitor therapy. ( Bain, S; Berry, S; Hunt, B; Malkin, SJP; Ren, H, 2023) |
| "Metformin is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes by inhibiting hepatic glucose production through adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation." | 1.91 | Metformin activates AMPK and mTOR to Inhibit RANKL-stimulated osteoclast formation. ( Baek, HS; Kang, HM; Kim, IR; Kim, YS; Oh, JM; Park, BS, 2023) |
| "Bexarotene (BEX) is a specific RXR agonist and an antineoplastic agent indicated by the FDA for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTLA)." | 1.91 | Design, synthesis and characterization of a novel multicomponent salt of bexarotene with metformin and application in ameliorating psoriasis with T2DM. ( An, Q; Du, G; Hao, Y; Li, W; Lu, Y; Ren, L; Wang, J; Yang, D; Yang, H; Yang, Y; Yu, M; Zhang, S; Zhang, Y, 2023) |
| "Metformin is a widespread antidiabetic agent that is commonly used as a treatment against type 2 diabetes mellitus patients." | 1.91 | Metformin exhibits antineoplastic effects on Pten-deficient endometrial cancer by interfering with TGF-β and p38/ERK MAPK signalling. ( Dolcet, X; Egea, J; Encinas, M; Matias-Guiu, X; Navaridas, R; Nicholson-Sabaté, N; Perramon-Güell, A; Ruiz-Mitjana, A; Vidal-Sabanés, M; Yeramian, A, 2023) |
| "Metformin was predicted to interact with transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta receptor I kinase based on molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations." | 1.91 | Pharmacophore mapping approach to find anti-cancer phytochemicals with metformin-like activities against transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta receptor I kinase: An in silico study. ( Morshed, N; Reza, MS; Reza, R; Samdani, MN, 2023) |
| "Metformin, a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) medication, has been noted for its potent anti-fibrotic effects." | 1.91 | Metformin Attenuates TGF-β1-Induced Fibrosis in Salivary Gland: A Preliminary Study. ( Chen, Z; Cheng, Y; Li, B; Li, Y; Peng, B; Wang, L; Wang, X; Wei, L; Zhong, NN, 2023) |
| "We aimed to evaluated the effect of premixed insulin (Ins), premixed insulin combined with metformin (Ins+Met) or mulberry twig alkaloids(Ins+SZ-A) on blood glucose fluctuations in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) using continuous glucose monitors (CGM)." | 1.91 | Effects of mulberry twig alkaloids(Sangzhi alkaloids) and metformin on blood glucose fluctuations in combination with premixed insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Gao, X; Hao, M; Hu, Y; Kuang, H; Li, X; Lin, W; Liu, H; Ma, X; Meng, Z; Wang, Y; Xu, C; Yang, C; Zhao, K, 2023) |
| "Metformin inhibits tumorigenesis in endometrial carcinoma and interferes with the expression of oxidative stress-regulating proteins, such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)." | 1.91 | Oxidative Stress-regulating Enzymes and Endometrial Cancer Survival in Relation to Metformin Intake in Diabetic Patients. ( Ahtikoski, A; Karihtala, P; Kuusiniemi, E; Puistola, U; Urpilainen, E, 2023) |
| "To investigate the effect of metformin combined with DPP-4 inhibitor on alveolar bone density in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontitis." | 1.91 | [Effect of metformin combined with DPP-4 inhibitor on alveolar bone density in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontitis]. ( Ahemaiti, A; Gulinuer, A; Liu, K; Tuernisaguli, K, 2023) |
| "However, differential risk of various cancers among GLP1Ra recipients is unknown." | 1.72 | Differential Risk of Cancer Associated with Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: Analysis of Real-world Databases. ( Kim, CH; Wang, J, 2022) |
| "Metformin, a clinical agent of type 2 diabetes, is reported as a potential geroprotector." | 1.72 | Metformin Protects Against Inflammation, Oxidative Stress to Delay Poly I:C-Induced Aging-Like Phenomena in the Gut of an Annual Fish. ( Hou, Y; Li, G; Li, S; Liu, K; Qiao, M; Sun, X; Zhu, H, 2022) |
| "Skeletal muscle atrophy is a severe condition that involves loss of muscle mass and quality." | 1.72 | Metformin induces muscle atrophy by transcriptional regulation of myostatin via HDAC6 and FoxO3a. ( Jung, EJ; Kang, MJ; Kim, HS; Kim, JH; Kim, SJ; Lee, JO; Lee, PR; Moon, JW; Oh, JY; Park, SH; Wu, SW, 2022) |
| "We enrolled type 2 diabetes patients who received DPP4i or SU in addition to metformin." | 1.72 | Cardioprotective effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors versus sulfonylureas in addition to metformin: A nationwide cohort study of patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Chien, KL; Wang, J; Wu, HY, 2022) |
| "Pharmacological therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus features various combinations of treatments, with different therapies providing different levels of effectiveness." | 1.72 | Comparison of Metformin-sulfonylurea and Metformin-acarbose Combination Therapies on Glycemic Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study. ( Sauriasari, R; Septini, R; Wafa, W, 2022) |
| "In patients with NAFLD, those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) have a high risk of progression to HCC." | 1.72 | Effect of diabetes medications and glycemic control on risk of hepatocellular cancer in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. ( Dai, J; El-Serag, HB; Kanwal, F; Kramer, JR; Li, L; Natarajan, Y; Yu, X, 2022) |
| "Metformin was reintroduced at 425 mg, increasing 425 mg every two weeks until reaching 1700 mg per day." | 1.72 | Gut microbiota of patients with type 2 diabetes and gastrointestinal intolerance to metformin differs in composition and functionality from tolerant patients. ( Álvarez-Bermúdez, MD; Díaz-Perdigones, CM; Moreno-Indias, I; Muñoz-Garach, A; Tinahones, FJ, 2022) |
| "Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic drug widely used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 1.72 | Metformin effect in models of inflammation is associated with activation of ATP-dependent potassium channels and inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α production. ( Augusto, PSA; Batista, CRA; Bertollo, CM; Braga, AV; Coelho, MM; Costa, SOAM; Dutra, MMGB; Machado, RR; Matsui, TC; Melo, ISF; Morais, MI; Rodrigues, FF, 2022) |
| "Treatment with metformin (HR: 0." | 1.72 | Unmasking Fracture Risk in Type 2 Diabetes: The Association of Longitudinal Glycemic Hemoglobin Level and Medications. ( Bockman, RS; Glicksberg, BS; Nadkarni, GN; Poundarik, AA; Vashishth, D; Wang, B; Wang, Z; Zaki, MJ, 2022) |
| "At EOS, subjects with type 2 diabetes treated with triple therapy had less hepatic steatosis and fibrosis versus conventional therapy; the severity of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis were both strongly and inversely correlated with insulin resistance; and changes in liver fibrosis scores (APRI, NFS, Fibrosis-4, and AST/ALT ratio) have limited value in predicting response to therapy." | 1.72 | Combination therapy with pioglitazone/exenatide/metformin reduces the prevalence of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis: The efficacy and durability of initial combination therapy for type 2 diabetes (EDICT). ( Abdelgani, S; Abdul-Ghani, M; Adams, J; Alatrach, M; Alkhouri, N; Cersosimo, E; Clarke, GD; DeFronzo, RA; Gastaldelli, A; Lavynenko, O; Li, J; Puckett, C; Triplitt, C; Vasquez, JA, 2022) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who initiated BI treatment due to uncontrolled hyperglycemia (HbA1c≥7 %) by oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) were recruited in Chinese real-world settings between 2011 and 2013." | 1.72 | Effectiveness and safety of basal insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with or without metformin observed in a national cohort in China. ( Chen, M; Duolikun, N; Ji, J; Ji, L; Li, X; Luo, Y; Wang, D; Zhang, H; Zhang, P; Zhu, D, 2022) |
| "Metformin remains the cornerstone of type 2 diabetes treatment after lifestyle modifications, which should always be encouraged before medications." | 1.72 | [News in diabetology 2021]. ( Gariani, K; Jornayvaz, FR, 2022) |
| "The effect of metformin in breast and endometrial cancer is favourable in the vast majority of studies." | 1.72 | Metformin in selected malignancies in women. ( Kasprzak, T; Markowska, A; Markowska, J; Stanislawiak-Rudowicz, J; Szarszewska, M, 2022) |
| "Metformin was associated with lower odds of hospital admission for infection while meglitinides, SGLT2 inhibitors, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, and DPP4 inhibitors were associated with higher odds of admission for infection." | 1.72 | Use of oral anti-diabetic drugs and risk of hospital and intensive care unit admissions for infections. ( Cui, X; Gallini, J; Jasien, C; Phillips, L; Rim, J; Sadikot, RT; Trammell, A, 2022) |
| "Metformin treatment is associated with improved OS after HCC diagnosis." | 1.72 | The Impact of Diabetes and Glucose-Lowering Therapies on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence and Overall Survival. ( Berhane, S; Cuthbertson, DJ; Dhanaraj, S; Graef, S; Hydes, TJ; Johnson, PJ; Singh, P; Skowronska, A; Tahrani, A; Teng, M, 2022) |
| "Metformin treatment suppressed IR-induced senescence phenotypes, such as increased senescent-associated β-galactosidase (SA β-gal) activity and decreased tube formation and proliferation." | 1.72 | Metformin alleviates ionizing radiation-induced senescence by restoring BARD1-mediated DNA repair in human aortic endothelial cells. ( Kang, CM; Kim, KS; Kim, SR; Park, JE; Park, JW; Sim, MK, 2022) |
| "Metformin has a more profound effect than the plant extracts; however, cinnamon has a comparable effect." | 1.72 | Mitigation of streptozotocin-induced alterations by natural agents via upregulation of PDX1 and Ins1 genes in male rats. ( Abd El Aziz, SA; Abdelgawad, HM; Abo Zeid, SM; Shehata, NI, 2022) |
| "metformin and PA treatment." | 1.72 | Effect of Propionic Acid on Diabetes-Induced Impairment of Unfolded Protein Response Signaling and Astrocyte/Microglia Crosstalk in Rat Ventromedial Nucleus of the Hypothalamus. ( Chaikovsky, YB; Klys, YG; Labudzinskyi, DO; Lisakovska, OO; Natrus, LV; Osadchuk, YS, 2022) |
| "Participants had type 2 diabetes on metformin monotherapy, and started a second-line ADM during the study period." | 1.72 | Initiating second-line antidiabetic medication among older adults with type 2 diabetes on Metformin. ( Ackermann, RT; Aikman, C; Cherupally, M; Cooper, A; DeCarlo, K; Harris, SA; Kang, RH; Liss, DT; O'Brien, MJ; Wallia, A, 2022) |
| "Metformin was the most prescribed monotherapy drug between 2015 and 2020." | 1.72 | Metformin-based single pill drug combinations for type 2 diabetes in primary care England: A time trend analysis. ( Aslam, Q; Babar, ZUD; Hasan, SS; Islam, I; Kow, CS, 2022) |
| "Interaction between stromal cells and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells in bone marrow (BM) is known to contribute importantly to chemoresistance and disease recurrence." | 1.72 | Metformin sensitizes AML cells to chemotherapy through blocking mitochondrial transfer from stromal cells to AML cells. ( Chen, L; Chen, P; Hou, D; Huang, H; Li, D; Lin, X; Wang, B; Wang, X; You, R; Zhang, B; Zheng, X, 2022) |
| "Maturity-onset Diabetes of Young (MODY) is a monogenic form of diabetes affecting 1-5% of young (often ≤25 years) diabetic patients exhibiting an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance." | 1.72 | Clinical profiling and screening for HNF4α and GCK gene mutations in Kashmiri patients with maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). ( Firdous, P; Ganai, BA; Hassan, T; Masoodi, SR; Nissar, K, 2022) |
| "Metformin was the most used medication (n = 3232) and consistently demonstrated survival benefit compared with tier 2 and 3 medications, across all methods." | 1.72 | Metformin and survival: Is there benefit in a cohort limited to diabetic women with endometrial, breast, or ovarian cancer? ( Buckanovich, RJ; Coffman, L; Edwards, RP; Lemon, LS; Modugno, F; Orr, B; Taylor, S, 2022) |
| "Metformin treatment caused a significant reduction in Megamonas and Klebsiella." | 1.72 | Metformin Reduces Blood Glucose in Treatment-Naive Type 2 Diabetes by Altering the Gut Microbiome. ( Fu, X; Han, H; He, D; Liu, A; Ma, L; Qiu, H; Wang, X; Zhan, Y; Zhang, X, 2022) |
| "The multipurpose RP-HPLC method has been developed and validated for the synchronous estimation of multiple combined pharmaceutical dosage forms of metformin hydrochloride." | 1.72 | DoE-Based Analytical Failure Modes Critical Effect Analysis (AFMCEA) to a Multipurpose-RP-HPLC Method for the Estimation of Multiple FDC Products of Metformin Hydrochloride Using an Analytical Quality by Design Approach. ( Mistry, KY; Prajapati, PB; Shah, SA, 2022) |
| "Metformin is the first-line drug to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 1.72 | Metformin disrupts insulin secretion, causes proapoptotic and oxidative effects in rat pancreatic beta-cells in vitro. ( Carpinelli, AR; Lucena, CF; Muscara, MN; Teixeira, SA; Valle, MMR; Vilas-Boas, EA, 2022) |
| "Metformin was the most commonly used antidiabetic medication, followed by insulin, sodium-glucose transport protein 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, and sulfonylurea." | 1.72 | Characterization, management, and risk factors of hyperglycemia during PI3K or AKT inhibitor treatment. ( Casas, A; Drilon, A; Flory, JH; Garcia, C; Goncalves, MD; Harding, JJ; Harnicar, S; Jhaveri, K; Liu, D; Sisk, AE; Weintraub, MA, 2022) |
| " The concomitant use of nivolumab and metformin was well tolerated; adverse events (AEs) of any grade occurred in 75% of patients (mainly fatigue, pruritus, rash, and asthenia)." | 1.72 | Concurrent Nivolumab and Metformin in Diabetic Cancer Patients: Is It Safe and More Active? ( Astore, S; Bassi, P; Bove, P; Bria, E; Buti, S; Ciccarese, C; Ferrara, MG; Foschi, N; Iacovelli, R; Iacovelli, V; Massari, F; Palermo, G; Primi, F; Rossi, E; Schinzari, G; Tortora, G, 2022) |
| "Metformin is a potential anticancer drug." | 1.72 | Metformin Downregulates the Expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Independent of Lowering Blood Glucose in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. ( Nie, HQ; Shao, SH; Su, T; Wang, WM; Yang, SS; Zhang, J, 2022) |
| "Persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have neutrophil dysfunction with a higher risk of infection than those without diabetes." | 1.72 | Metformin use and the risk of bacterial pneumonia in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Hsu, CC; Hwu, CM; Shih, YH; Wei, JC; Yen, FS, 2022) |
| "Depression is one of the most common comorbidities of type 2 diabetes." | 1.72 | Depression and the risk of hospitalization in type 2 diabetes patients: A nested case-control study accounting for non-persistence to antidiabetic treatment. ( Demers, É; Guénette, L; Lunghi, C; Tardif, I; Zongo, A, 2022) |
| " Chronic adenine dosing resulted in severe CKD in vehicle-treated rats as indicated by a marked rise in serum creatinine levels, a marked decrease in creatinine clearance, and a disturbed mineral metabolism." | 1.72 | Progression of established non-diabetic chronic kidney disease is halted by metformin treatment in rats. ( Corremans, R; D'Haese, PC; De Broe, ME; Leysen, H; Maudsley, S; Neven, E; Verhulst, A; Vervaet, BA, 2022) |
| "Metformin is a common and generally the first medication prescribed for treatment of type 2 diabetes." | 1.72 | Proteomic profiling of metformin effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by SILAC-based quantification. ( Choi, S; Engelke, R; Goswami, N; Schmidt, F, 2022) |
| "Those who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at ≥18 years, prescribed metformin or DPP-4i as the first-line hypoglycaemic agent, had medical records of ≥6 months before the index prescription and had available glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) data for the period, including the index date and 30 days before it (defined as the baseline) were included." | 1.72 | Comparison of the effects on cardiovascular events between use of metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors as the first-line hypoglycaemic agents in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a claims database analysis. ( Aoi, S; Iwasaki, K; Nishimura, R; Takeshima, T, 2022) |
| "Recent research has demonstrated that Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) risk is influenced by a number of common polymorphisms, including MC4R rs17782313, PPARG rs1801282, and TCF7L2 rs7903146." | 1.72 | Association of gene polymorphisms with body weight changes in prediabetic patients. ( Ahmetov, II; Egorova, ES; Khasanova, KB; Kiseleva, TA; Medvedeva, MS; Pickering, C; Valeeva, EV; Valeeva, FV, 2022) |
| "Metformin use was associated with greater odds of clinical improvement (OR = 2." | 1.72 | Metformin Use in Relation to Clinical Outcomes and Hyperinflammatory Syndrome Among COVID-19 Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Propensity Score Analysis of a Territory-Wide Cohort. ( Au, ICH; Chung, MSH; Cowling, BJ; Kwok, ACY; Lau, EHY; Lau, KTK; Low, MCH; Lui, AYC; Lui, DTW; Wong, CKH; Xiong, X, 2022) |
| "Metformin hydrochloride (metformin HCL), a first-line drug treating diabetes type II, was known to cause severe gastritis, so seeking a non-oral dosage form was the new trend." | 1.72 | Evaluation of Metformin Hydrochloride Tailoring Bilosomes as an Effective Transdermal Nanocarrier. ( Ali, AA; Elsisi, AA; Khalil, NM; Nafady, MM; Salem, HF, 2022) |
| "Metformin treatment after SAH promoted mitophagy in an AMPK-dependent manner." | 1.72 | Metformin attenuates early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats via AMPK-dependent mitophagy. ( Guo, Y; Li, Y; Liu, B; Shi, H; Tian, Y; Wu, P; Zhang, T; Zhang, Y, 2022) |
| "Metformin has begun to be discussed as a potentially useful agent on the basis of the results of epidemiological and preclinical research showing that it may be beneficial in patients with leukaemia, lymphomas and multiple myeloma." | 1.72 | Reduced Progression of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance to Multiple Myeloma in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Will Metformin Never Stop Its Pleasant Surprises? ( Papachristou, S; Papanas, N; Popovic, DS, 2022) |
| "Metformin treatments did not change IR and Akt expressions but increased pIR and pAkt expressions." | 1.72 | Intranasal metformin treatment ameliorates cognitive functions via insulin signaling pathway in ICV-STZ-induced mice model of Alzheimer's disease. ( Kazkayasi, I; Nemutlu, E; Telli, G; Uma, S, 2022) |
| "Metformin (Met) is a first-line and essential treatment for type 2 diabetes, with anti-inflammatory effects." | 1.72 | Metformin protects 5-Fu-induced chemotherapy oral mucositis by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress in mice. ( Chen, Y; Li, X; Ma, R; Shan, E; Shan, J; Sun, H; Zhang, J; Zhou, Y, 2022) |
| "The results show that the baseline HbA1c and tiered metformin dosage up-titration are associated with disproportionate HbA1c reduction, time to glycaemic control and time from glycaemic control to failure." | 1.72 | Glycaemic control of Asian patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus on tiered up-titration of metformin monotherapy: A one-year real-world retrospective longitudinal study in primary care. ( Fang, HSA; Gao, Q; Hsu, W; Lee, ML; Tan, NC, 2022) |
| "Amongst the OAD's used in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in this study, total number of hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic episodes were found to be more in patients taking sulfonylurea as compared with DPP4 inhibitors when used in combination with metformin with or without insulin." | 1.72 | Role of Ambulatory Glucose Profile in Precision Medicine in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Aggarwal, R; Prakash, A; Sidharth, S, 2022) |
| "On the other hand, control subjects and type 2 diabetes patients (T2D) were paired by age, gender, ApoE allele, and years of education, defining three groups: MCI, MCI + T2D, and MCI + T2D + metformin." | 1.72 | Diabetic patients treated with metformin during early stages of Alzheimer's disease show a better integral performance: data from ADNI study. ( Allegri, R; Calandri, I; Crivelli, L; Pérez, NG; Pomilio, C; Saravia, F; Sevlever, G, 2022) |
| "Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of clinical liver dysfunction and an important prepathological change of liver cirrhosis." | 1.72 | Efficacy of Sitagliptin on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in High-fat-diet-fed Diabetic Mice. ( Cui, W; Kong, L; Yang, X; Zhou, ST, 2022) |
| "Metformin may reduce colorectal cancer but the mechanisms mediating this effect remain unclear." | 1.72 | Metformin-induced reductions in tumor growth involves modulation of the gut microbiome. ( Bezverbnaya, K; Blandino, G; Blouin, MJ; Bramson, JL; Broadfield, LA; Collins, SM; Di Pastena, F; Gautam, J; Hammill, JA; Lally, JSV; McArthur, AG; McNicol, J; Muti, P; Pollak, M; Raphenya, AR; Sacconi, A; Saigal, A; Schertzer, JD; Steinberg, GR; Surette, MG; Syed, S; Szamosi, JC; Tsakiridis, EE; Tsakiridis, T; Wang, D; Wu, J, 2022) |
| "Treatment with metformin (45." | 1.72 | Youth-onset type 2 diabetes in Israel: A national cohort. ( Admoni, O; Ben-Ari, T; Brener, A; Cohen, M; Haim, A; Hershkovitz, E; Koren, I; Lebenthal, Y; Levy-Khademi, F; Mazor Aronovitch, K; Phillip, M; Pinhas-Hamiel, O; Rachmiel, M; Schon, Y; Shehadeh, N; Strich, D; Tenenbaum, A; Tenenbaum-Rakover, Y; Tibi, R; Weiss, R; Yeshayahu, Y; Zangen, D; Zuckerman Levin, N, 2022) |
| "Although there are many options for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, such as surgical resection, interventional therapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and liver transplantation, the poor therapeutic effect seriously reduces the quality of life for patients and also increases the social and economic burden." | 1.72 | Role of metformin in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. ( Liu, W; Xiong, S, 2022) |
| "Metformin was detected in all samples ranging in concentration from 8." | 1.72 | A nationwide wastewater-based assessment of metformin consumption across Australia. ( Ahmed, F; Mueller, JF; O'Brien, JW; Thai, PK; Thomas, KV; Tscharke, B; Yang, D; Zheng, Q, 2022) |
| "The gold standard for the treatment of type 2 diabetes is metformin, which has a beneficial impact on the mitochondrial metabolism." | 1.72 | Metformin modulates mitochondrial function and mitophagy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from type 2 diabetic patients. ( Abad-Jiménez, Z; Apostolova, N; Canet, F; de Marañón, AM; Díaz-Morales, N; Díaz-Pozo, P; López-Domènech, S; Morillas, C; Rocha, M; Vezza, T; Víctor, VM, 2022) |
| "The association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and colorectal cancer (CRC) has been thoroughly investigated and reports have demonstrated that the risk of CRC is increased in DM patients." | 1.72 | Effects of diabetes type 2 and metformin treatment in Swedish patients with colorectal cancer. ( Dimberg, J; Landerholm, K; Shamoun, L; Wågsäter, D, 2022) |
| "A total of 1086 patients with type 2 diabetes were included." | 1.72 | Gaps of Medication Treatment Management Between Guidelines and Real-World for Inpatients With Type 2 Diabetes in China From Pharmacist's Perspective. ( Bai, J; Cheng, X; Dong, LM; Liu, J; Luo, SQ; Song, ZH; Wang, XF; Wang, XL; Xu, SS; Zhang, C; Zhou, JB, 2022) |
| "Metformin users had lower risks of new-onset prostate cancer (hazard ratio, 0." | 1.72 | Risk of New-Onset Prostate Cancer for Metformin Versus Sulfonylurea Use in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Propensity Score-Matched Study. ( Chan, JSK; Dee, EC; Hui, JMH; Hui, K; Lee, S; Lee, TTL; Lee, YHA; Liu, T; Liu, X; Ng, K; Tse, G; Wai, AKC; Wong, WT; Zhang, Q; Zhou, J, 2022) |
| "87 mg) for immediate release combined with a high dose (1000 mg) of sustained-release (SR) metformin HCl appropriate for once daily dosing the treatment of type 2 diabetes." | 1.72 | Active coating of immediate-release evogliptin tartrate to prepare fixed dose combination tablet with sustained-release metformin HCl. ( Ha, ES; Han Won, D; Kim, MS; Park, H; Seo, JW; Woo Jang, S, 2022) |
| "RCTs have found that type 2 diabetes can be prevented among high-risk individuals by metformin medication and evidence-based lifestyle change programs." | 1.72 | Use and Impact of Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Interventions. ( Birch, RJ; Campione, JR; Fishbein, HA; Johnson, MC; Mardon, RE; McKeever Bullard, K; Pace, W; Proia, K; Ritchie, ND; Seeholzer, EL; Siegel, KR; Zhang, X, 2022) |
| "Metformin use was associated with a lower risk of rotator cuff disease in patients with type 2 DM." | 1.72 | Metformin use is associated with a lower risk of rotator cuff disease in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Chang, R; Chou, MC; Huang, JY; Hung, YM; Tu, TY; Wei, JC, 2022) |
| "Metformin is a widely used drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus and has recently attracted broad attention for its therapeutic effects on many cancers." | 1.72 | Knockdown of NUPR1 Enhances the Sensitivity of Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Cells to Metformin by AKT Inhibition. ( Hong, SE; Jang, SK; Jin, HO; Kim, CH; Kim, YJ; Park, IC; Park, KS, 2022) |
| "We recently presented a type 2 diabetes (T2D) simulator as tool for in silico testing of new molecules and guiding treatment optimization." | 1.72 | A software interface for in silico testing of type 2 diabetes treatments. ( Cobelli, C; Dalla Man, C; Visentin, R, 2022) |
| "Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly population." | 1.72 | Effects of antidiabetic agents on Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in experimentally induced hyperglycemic rat model by streptozocin. ( Ali, RH; Ali, SK, 2022) |
| "Prediabetes, the precursor of type 2 diabetes (T2D), is on the rise in the US, but the determinants of its progression are poorly characterized in youth." | 1.72 | Prediabetes: Adherence to Nutrition Visits Decreases HbA1c in Children and Adolescents. ( Jasmin, G; Lee, AF; Nwosu, BU; Parajuli, S; Sirak, H, 2022) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have an increased risk of cancer." | 1.72 | Glucose metabolism controls human γδ T-cell-mediated tumor immunosurveillance in diabetes. ( Chen, Y; He, J; Lau, YL; Leung, WH; Liu, Y; Lu, J; Mu, X; Tu, CR; Tu, W; Wang, X; Xiang, Z; Xu, Y; Yin, Z; Zhang, W; Zhang, Y, 2022) |
| " The imeglimine molecule is well absorbed (Tmax-4), and the half-life is 5-6 hours, is largely excreted through the kidneys, and also has no clinically significant interactions with either metformin or sitagliptin." | 1.72 | [Imeglimin: features of the mechanism of action and potential benefits]. ( Arapieva, AM; Bobrik, AG; Bobrik, DV; Khamitova, AD; Kuznetsov, KO; Mahmutova, EI; Nagaev, IR; Saetova, AA, 2022) |
| "Metformin (Met), a first-line drug for type 2 diabetes, lowers blood glucose levels by suppressing gluconeogenesis in the liver, presumably through the liver kinase B1-dependent activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) after inhibiting respiratory chain complex I." | 1.72 | Nutrient Condition in the Microenvironment Determines Essential Metabolisms of CD8 ( Chao, R; Kudo, I; Nishida, M; Tokumasu, M; Udono, H; Yamashita, N; Zhao, W, 2022) |
| " The results of analyses for various subgroups, risk of site-specific cancers, cumulative duration, dose-response relationship, and sensitivity analyses of different latency periods and missing data were generally consistent with the findings of the primary analyses." | 1.72 | Sulfonylurea and Cancer Risk Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Cohort Study. ( Lin, H; Liu, Z; Shen, P; Sun, Y; Zhan, S; Zhao, H; Zhuo, L, 2022) |
| "Metformin is a biguanide drug utilized as the first-line medication in treating type 2 diabetes." | 1.72 | Exploring the Mechanism of Adjuvant Treatment of Glioblastoma Using Temozolomide and Metformin. ( Chang, PC; Chen, HY; Feng, SW; Huang, SM; Hueng, DY; Li, YF, 2022) |
| " The metformin steady-state concentration was measured for the trough concentration (Cssmin) and peak concentration (Cssmax)." | 1.72 | The influence of metformin transporter gene SLC22A1 and SLC47A1 variants on steady-state pharmacokinetics and glycemic response. ( Fajriyah, R; Ikawati, Z; Ikhsan, MR; Ningrum, VDA; Sadewa, AH; Yuliwulandari, R, 2022) |
| "Metformin is the first-line treatment used for type 2 diabetes mellitus for more than 60 years." | 1.72 | Relationship Between Plasmatic Metformin Concentration and Renal Replacement Therapy: A Multicenter Cohort Study. ( Claisse, G; Crepet, F; Delavenne, X; Demaretz, L; Fanton-D'Andon, C; Gonzalo, P; Herda, A; Launay, M; Mariat, C; Marin, C, 2022) |
| "7,200 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled." | 1.72 | Quality of care and prescription patterns among patients with diabetic kidney disease-a large-scale cohort study from Taiwanese clinics. ( Chen, ML; Chen, S; Chou, CW; Lee, YJ; Tsai, KY; Tzeng, TF, 2022) |
| "312,368 persons with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes without previous stroke/TIA (mean age: 64 years; 52% males) were included." | 1.72 | Association of glucose-lowering drugs with incident stroke and transient ischaemic attacks in primary care patients with type 2 diabetes: disease analyzer database. ( Kostev, K; Rathmann, W, 2022) |
| "Metformin, a drug widely used in type 2 diabetes (T2D), has been shown to protect human β-cells exposed to gluco- and/or lipotoxic conditions and those in islets from T2D donors." | 1.72 | The Protective Action of Metformin against Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine-Induced Human Islet Cell Damage and the Mechanisms Involved. ( Ciregia, F; Cnop, M; De Luca, C; Del Guerra, S; Eizirik, DL; Giusti, L; Lucacchini, A; Marchetti, P; Marselli, L; Mazzoni, MR; Ronci, M; Suleiman, M; Tesi, M; Trerotola, M; Zallocco, L; Zuccarini, M, 2022) |
| "Metformin alone reduced hyperinsulinemia and circulating c-reactive protein, but exacerbated nephropathy." | 1.72 | Rapamycin/metformin co-treatment normalizes insulin sensitivity and reduces complications of metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetic mice. ( Calcutt, NA; Doty, R; Flurkey, K; Harrison, DE; Koza, RA; Reifsnyder, PC, 2022) |
| "Metformin use was associated with significantly higher objective response rate (ORR) in the overall and PS-matched cohort (79." | 1.72 | Metformin administration is associated with enhanced response to transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma in type 2 diabetes patients. ( Choi, GH; Choi, WJ; Choi, WS; Jang, ES; Jang, S; Jeong, SH; Jung, WJ; Kim, JW; Lee, JH; Park, J; Yoon, CJ, 2022) |
| "Metformin is a biguanide compound commonly applied in humans with type 2 diabetes." | 1.72 | Regulatory Effects of Metformin, an Antidiabetic Biguanide Drug, on the Metabolism of Primary Rat Adipocytes. ( Konieczna, K; Szkudelska, K; Szkudelski, T, 2022) |
| "Metformin monotherapy was the first-line therapy in 56." | 1.72 | Prevalence and risk factors of vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Results from discover Middle East and Africa cohort. ( Al-Rubeaan, K; Bayram, F; Echtay, A; Hadaoui, A; Hafidh, K; Kok, A; Malek, R; Rajadhyaksha, V, 2022) |
| "Cardiac fibrosis is a major structural change observed in the heart of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), ultimately resulting in heart failure (HF)." | 1.72 | Gentiopicroside alleviates cardiac inflammation and fibrosis in T2DM rats through targeting Smad3 phosphorylation. ( Hu, XP; Huang, P; Huang, ZJ; Liu, T; Pan, ZF; Shi, JN; Sun, ZY; Xu, YN; Yuan, MN; Zhang, YW; Zou, XZ, 2022) |
| "Ferulic acid and metformin were monitored at 232 nm, with a mobile phase flow rate of 1 ml/min and oven temperature at 40°C." | 1.72 | A high-performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous quantification of metformin and ferulic acid in solid dosage forms. ( Aragão, CFS; Chaves Júnior, JV; de Almeida, VCR; de Souza, FS; Muniz, VM, 2022) |
| "Metformin is increasingly used to treat gestational diabetes (GDM) and pregnancies complicated by pregestational type 2 diabetes or polycystic ovary syndrome but data regarding long-term offspring outcome are lacking in both human studies and animal models." | 1.72 | Sex-specific effects of maternal metformin intervention during glucose-intolerant obese pregnancy on body composition and metabolic health in aged mouse offspring. ( Aiken, CE; Ashmore, TJ; Blackmore, HL; Dearden, L; Fernandez-Twinn, DS; Ozanne, SE; Pantaleão, LC; Pellegrini Pisani, L; Schoonejans, JM; Tadross, JA, 2022) |
| "Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) commonly coexist and act synergistically to drive adverse clinical outcomes." | 1.72 | Exercise and Metformin Intervention Prevents Lipotoxicity-Induced Hepatocyte Apoptosis by Alleviating Oxidative and ER Stress and Activating the AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in db/db Mice. ( Cheng, S; Liu, J; Liu, X; Liu, Y; Lu, J; Tang, Q; Xiang, M; Yuan, X; Zhang, L; Zhang, Y; Zhu, S, 2022) |
| "Data regarding rectal cancer (RC) have been inconclusive; therefore, we investigated the issue with high-quality data and a robust study design." | 1.72 | The Association of Metformin, Other Antidiabetic Medications and Statins on the Prognosis of Rectal Cancer in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study. ( Arffman, M; Erkinantti, S; Hautakoski, A; Jukkola, A; Karihtala, P; Läärä, E; Puistola, U; Sund, R; Urpilainen, E, 2022) |
| "Vascular calcification is associated with aging, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis, and increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality." | 1.72 | Metformin protects against vascular calcification through the selective degradation of Runx2 by the p62 autophagy receptor. ( Caporali, A; Corcoran, BM; Forsythe, RO; Jones, RA; Koo, E; MacRae, VE; Phadwal, K; Tang, K; Tang, Q, 2022) |
| "Increased age and the presence of congestive heart failure were associated with significantly higher risk of AF in both groups (HR: 1." | 1.72 | Association between first-line monotherapy with metformin and the risk of atrial fibrillation (AMRAF) in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Chung, MK; Iqbal, A; Ji, X; Kashyap, SR; Kattan, MW; Milinovich, A; Pantalone, KM; Tekin, Z; Zimmerman, RS, 2022) |
| "In the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (with or without diabetes), dapagliflozin and empagliflozin have been recommended by cardiologists since 2021 to prevent hospitalizations for heart failure and to reduce mortality with the strongest class and level of evidence." | 1.72 | The position of SGLT2 inhibitors in current medical practice - update 2022. ( Prázný, M, 2022) |
| " Sodium glucose co-transporter -2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are considered safe with a low risk of hypoglycemia." | 1.72 | Efficacy and safety of combination of empagliflozin and metformin with combination of sitagliptin and metformin during Ramadan: an observational study. ( Aamir, AH; Ahmed, I; Asghar, A; Ghaffar, T; Ishtiaq, O; Khan, S; Kumar, S; Masood, F; Raja, UY; Randhawa, FA; Raza, A; Rehman, T; Sherin, A; Wahab, MU, 2022) |
| "Five of the patients had pre-existing type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)." | 1.72 | COVID-19 and diabetic ketoacidosis: A case series at an urban district hospital in South Africa. ( Dicks, HN; Naidoo, K, 2022) |
| "Metformin is an orally effective insulin-sensitizing drug widely prescribed for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 1.72 | Lipids Alterations Associated with Metformin in Healthy Subjects: An Investigation Using Mass Spectrometry Shotgun Approach. ( Abdel Rahman, AM; Alfadda, AA; AlMalki, RH; Arafat, T; Benabdelkamel, H; Dahabiyeh, LA; Mujammami, M, 2022) |
| " Logistic regression showed that d, L, different therapeutic agents, and dosage groups were independent risk factors of ISR." | 1.72 | Treatment effect of metformin combined with atorvastatin in reducing in-stent restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention in coronary artery disease patients with type 2 diabetic patients. ( Chen, M; Li, M; Liu, S; Ma, F; Su, B; Wang, C; Yuan, L; Zhang, S; Zhang, Y; Zheng, Q, 2022) |
| " The proportion of the people who had hypoglycaemia, or any adverse event related to the study drug was assessed after-Ramadan." | 1.72 | Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in people with type 2 diabetes during Ramadan fasting. ( Ahmedani, MY; Yousuf, S, 2022) |
| "Weight loss was 0." | 1.72 | A Health Care Professional Delivered Low Carbohydrate Diet Program Reduces Body Weight, Haemoglobin A1c, Diabetes Medication Use and Cardiovascular Risk Markers-A Single-Arm Intervention Analysis. ( Brinkworth, GD; Taylor, PJ; Thompson, CH; Wycherley, TP, 2022) |
| "Metformin is a first-line antidiabetic drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2); its molecular target is AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is involved in many metabolic processes." | 1.72 | [Metformin and malignant neoplasms: a possible mechanism of antitumor action and prospects for use in practice]. ( Frolova, YS; Gaimakova, DV; Galimova, AM; Islamgulov, AH; Karimova, AR; Kuznetsov, KO; Nazmieva, KA; Oganesyan, IY; Rizvanova, EV; Sadertdinova, AG; Safina, ER, 2022) |
| "Metformin is the first-line oral treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus and is prescribed to more than 150 million people worldwide." | 1.72 | Hypothesis: Metformin is a potential reproductive toxicant. ( Andersson, AM; Kjær, KH; Kristensen, DM; Lindahl-Jacobsen, R; Mathiesen, ER; Skakkebæk, NE; Tavlo, M, 2022) |
| "Metformin was the most common treatment in all patient groups." | 1.72 | Mode of treatments and achievement of treatment targets among type 2 diabetes patients with different comorbidities - a register-based retrospective cohort study in Finland. ( Laatikainen, T; Lamidi, ML; Lindström, J; Nazu, NA; Rautiainen, P; Tirkkonen, H; Wikström, K, 2022) |
| "Metformin, a widely used type 2 diabetes drug is an ideal candidate to repurpose as it has a good safety profile and studies suggest that metformin can modulate the tumour microenvironment, promoting a favourable environment for T cell activation but has no direct action on T cell activation on its own." | 1.72 | Imaging Memory T-Cells Stratifies Response to Adjuvant Metformin Combined with αPD-1 Therapy. ( Cheng, P; Chin, HX; Chin, ZF; Goggi, JL; Hartimath, SV; Hwang, YY; Khanapur, S; Ramasamy, B; Robins, EG, 2022) |
| " The similar modes of action of puerarin and metformin in diabetic models suggest their positive pharmacodynamic interactions." | 1.72 | Pharmacodynamic Interactions between Puerarin and Metformin in Type-2 Diabetic Rats. ( Dai, L; Gao, P; Li, Z; Mo, Y; Wang, S; Wang, X; Zhang, S; Zhao, D, 2022) |
| "The study included 404 458 adults with type 2 diabetes (mean [SD] age, 74." | 1.72 | Exploration of Residual Confounding in Analyses of Associations of Metformin Use and Outcomes in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes. ( Alyakin, A; Clark, C; Hart, B; Powell, M; Vogelstein, JT, 2022) |
| "A total of 4462 patients with Type 2 diabetes and confirmed COVID-19 were identified." | 1.72 | Metformin use and mortality and length of stay among hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes and COVID-19: A multiracial, multiethnic, urban observational study. ( George, CJ; Lin, J; Liu, J; Miao, E; Yoo, D; Zhang, K, 2022) |
| "Metformin HCl is an effective pharmacological treatment for type 2 diabetic patients because of its lowering blood glucose level ability, better weight-neutral effects and reduced risk of hypoglycemia." | 1.72 | Development of extended-release metformin core tablet and synergistic coating of sitagliptin for the treatment of type-II diabetes mellitus - A comparative drug release evaluation with reference product. ( Ahmed, A; Ali, M; Fazal-Ur-Rehman, S; Wasim, AA, 2022) |
| " Rats were dosed orally with metformin alone (100 mg/kg) or in combination with enalapril (4 mg/kg)." | 1.72 | Enalapril increases the urinary excretion of metformin in rats by inducing multidrug and toxin excretion protein 1 in the kidney. ( Gou, XY; Ma, YR; Ran, FL; Wu, XA; Wu, YF, 2022) |
| "The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is alarmingly increasing worldwide, urgently calling for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms in order to step up prevention and improve therapeutic approaches." | 1.72 | Snapshot into the Type-2-Diabetes-Associated Microbiome of a Romanian Cohort. ( Chifiriuc, MC; Gradisteanu Pircalabioru, G; Petcu, LM; Picu, A; Savu, O; Trandafir, M, 2022) |
| "Metformin is a drug that has been widely used around the world for many years." | 1.72 | Use of metformin in patients who require intravascular administration of a contrast agent. ( Rokicka, D; Stołtny, D; Strojek, K; Wróbel, M, 2022) |
| "We selected patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus that was diagnosed between 2000 and 2012 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database." | 1.72 | Metformin use and associated risk of total joint replacement in patients with type 2 diabetes: a population-based matched cohort study. ( Cai, X; Cao, P; Chen, S; Chen, T; Ding, C; Han, W; Huang, JY; Hunter, DJ; Liu, J; Ruan, G; Tang, Y; Wang, Q; Wei, JC; Yu, N; Zhang, Y; Zhu, Z, 2022) |
| "Of 4 14 672 patients with type 2 diabetes, 52." | 1.72 | Using the IMEDS distributed database for epidemiological studies in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Brown, JS; Burk, J; Calhoun, SR; Greenlee, RT; Huang, TY; Jamal-Allial, A; Marshall, J; McMahill Walraven, CN; Mendelsohn, AB; Nam, YH; Pawloski, PA; Rai, A; Rodriguez-Watson, C; Selvan, M; Toh, S; Wang, T, 2022) |
| "The effect of type 2 diabetes, metformin, and insulin on COVID-19 were analyzed, respectively." | 1.72 | Effects of Metformin, Insulin on Hematological Parameters of COVID-19 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. ( Griga, V; Kamyshnyiy, A; Loshak, K; Mohammed, IB; Petakh, P; Poliak, I, 2022) |
| "Metformin intake was associated with a favorable outcome in HNM patients, providing possible therapeutic implications for future adjuvant treatment regimes." | 1.72 | Prognostic Relevance of Type 2 Diabetes and Metformin Treatment in Head and Neck Melanoma: Results from a Population-Based Cohort Study. ( Ettl, T; Fischer, R; Gerken, M; Lindner, SR; Ludwig, N; Reichert, TE; Schimnitz, S; Spanier, G; Spoerl, S; Taxis, J, 2022) |
| " In this study, we described a metformin hydrochloride mucosal nanoparticles enteric-coated capsule (MH-MNPs-EC) based on metformin hydrochloride chitosan mucosal nanoparticles (MH-CS MNPs) and its preparation method to improve the bioavailability and hypoglycemic effect duration of MH-EC." | 1.72 | Metformin Hydrochloride Mucosal Nanoparticles-Based Enteric Capsule for Prolonged Intestinal Residence Time, Improved Bioavailability, and Hypoglycemic Effect. ( Chen, S; Hao, H; Hu, R; Li, M; Liu, S; Lu, W; Wang, L; Wu, Z; Yu, L, 2022) |
| " Patients' demographics (age, gender, duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus, smoking status), medication parameters (daily dosage and duration of metformin therapy), and biochemical parameters (hemoglobin level, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), serum vitamin B12, and folate level) were recorded." | 1.72 | Influence of metformin intake on serum vitamin B12 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Al-Fawaeir, S; Al-Odat, I, 2022) |
| "The occurrence of cervical cancer was explored by matching for age, economic status, region of residence, and use of anti-diabetic medication." | 1.72 | Metformin and Cervical Cancer Risk in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Study in Korea. ( Kang, MJ; Kim, HM; Song, SO, 2022) |
| "This early screening, detection, and treatment of prediabetes should be made a national priority." | 1.72 | An Expert Group Consensus Statement on "Approach and Management of Prediabetes in India". ( Baruah, MP; Das, AK; Das, S; Jacob, J; Kalra, S; Kesavadav, J; Mithal, A; Mohan, V; Ramachandran, A; Sahay, R; Sheikh, S; Tiwaskar, M, 2022) |
| "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was evaluated by abdominal ultrasound, and fibrosis stages were evaluated at baseline and 8 months." | 1.72 | The role of nursing care in the type 2 diabetes treatment associated with chronic liver diseases. ( Fu, BY; Wang, XJ, 2022) |
| "Lactic acidosis was present in 2 patients at presentation and serum lactate was elevated in 7/15 patients tested." | 1.72 | The extrapyramidal syndromes of chronic kidney disease and dialysis (EPS-CKDD): diagnostic criteria, risk factors and prognosis. ( Agarwal, A; Chemmanam, T; Irish, AB; Manickavasagar, R; Prentice, DA; Youssef, A, 2022) |
| "Metformin was successfully loaded into the nanoparticles in these optimized concentrations and characteristics, and no drug crystals and clusters were seen on the surface." | 1.72 | Metformin-Loaded Polymer-Based Microbubbles/Nanoparticles Generated for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Cam, ME; Cesur, S; Edirisinghe, M; Gunduz, O; Harker, A; Sayın, FS; Su, S, 2022) |
| "Metformin, an anti-diabetic drug, has low bioavailability and short biological half-life." | 1.72 | Gastroretentive Metformin Loaded Nanoparticles for the Effective Management of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Jain, AK; Jain, SK; Mishra, K; Upadhyay, R, 2022) |
| "Metformin has been used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes for over 60 years; however, its mechanism of pharmacological action is not fully clear." | 1.72 | Metformin Transport Rates Between Plasma and Red Blood Cells in Humans. ( Berzins, K; Klovins, J; Kurlovics, J; Stalidzans, E; Zaharenko, L; Zake, DM, 2022) |
| "Serious hypoglycemia is a major adverse event associated with insulin secretagogues." | 1.72 | Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Used Concomitantly with Insulin Secretagogues and the Risk of Serious Hypoglycemia. ( Bilker, WB; Brensinger, CM; Flory, JH; Hee Nam, Y; Hennessy, S; Leonard, CE, 2022) |
| "Metformin (Met) is a commonly used drug in the treatment of type 2 diabetes." | 1.62 | Neuroprotective effects of metformin on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating PI3K/Akt pathway. ( Gao, J; Guo, H; Li, X; Liu, Z; Lv, H; Ruan, C; Wang, Y; Yan, J, 2021) |
| "To evaluate the impact of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity on COVID-19 severity, we conducted a cohort study with 28,095 anonymized COVID-19 patients using data from the COVID-19 Research Database from January 1, 2020 to November 30, 2020." | 1.62 | Impact of overlapping risks of type 2 diabetes and obesity on coronavirus disease severity in the United States. ( Ando, W; Atsuda, K; Hanaki, H; Horii, T; Otori, K; Uematsu, T, 2021) |
| "The number of adults treated for type 2 diabetes mellitus increased from 1,867 (2." | 1.62 | Treatment Patterns of Type 2 Diabetes Assessed Using a Common Data Model Based on Electronic Health Records of 2000-2019. ( Im, YJ; Jin, HY; Kim, EY; Kim, YJ; Lee, KA; Park, TS, 2021) |
| "Metformin, which is an essential anti-diabetic drug, has been shown to exhibit anti-TB effects in patients with DM." | 1.62 | The cumulative dose-dependent effects of metformin on the development of tuberculosis in patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Heo, E; Jang, EJ; Kim, E; Lee, CH, 2021) |
| "For people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who require an antidiabetic drug as an add-on to metformin, there is controversy about whether newer drug classes such as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) or sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) reduce the risk of long-term complications compared with sulfonylureas (SU)." | 1.62 | Protocol for an observational cohort study investigating personalised medicine for intensification of treatment in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the PERMIT study. ( Adler, AI; Basu, A; Bidulka, P; Briggs, A; Charlton, P; Douglas, IJ; Grieve, R; Khunti, K; O'Neill, S; Silverwood, RJ; Smeeth, L; Tomlinson, LA; Wilkinson, S, 2021) |
| "With metformin treatment, the blood osmolality decreased from 328." | 1.62 | Protective effect of metformin on lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: An experimental study in rats. ( Sancak, EB; Tas, HI, 2021) |
| "Metformin use is a known cause of B12 deficiency in patients with type 2 DM (T2DM)." | 1.62 | Serum Vitamin B12 Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Metformin Compared to those Never on Metformin: A Cross-sectional Study from Bangladesh. ( Alam, MS; Chanda, PK; Kamrul-Hasan, AB; Selim, S, 2021) |
| "Metformin users were younger, had higher body mass index, were more likely to have comorbidities, and had higher baseline hemoglobin A1c levels than non-users." | 1.62 | Use of metformin following a population-level intervention to encourage people with pre-diabetes to enroll in the National Diabetes Prevention Program. ( Herman, WH; Hurst, TE; Joiner, KL; McEwen, LN, 2021) |
| "Clinical inertia negatively affects type 2 diabetes (T2DM) management." | 1.62 | Temporal trends in intensification of glucose-lowering therapy for type 2 diabetes in Italy: Data from the AMD Annals initiative and their impact on clinical inertia. ( Cucinotta, D; Di Bartolo, P; Giandalia, A; Lucisano, G; Manicardi, V; Mannino, D; Nicolucci, A; Rossi, MC; Russo, GT, 2021) |
| "Metformin treatment could partly restore the abundance of several genera in CP-DM, such as Acholeplasma and Comamonas." | 1.62 | Effects of type 2 diabetes and metformin on salivary microbiota in patients with chronic periodontitis. ( Gu, M; Hu, N; Jiang, Z; Jin, C; Wang, P; Xiang, S; Xu, D, 2021) |
| "Metformin, a drug prescribed to treat type 2 diabetes, has been reported to possess antitumor activity via immunity activation." | 1.62 | Metformin promotes anticancer activity of NK cells in a p38 MAPK dependent manner. ( Fan, X; Li, J; Li, M; Qi, X; Sun, L; Wu, Y; Xia, W; Yuan, Y, 2021) |
| "Metformin could inhibit the growth of tumor under the condition of diabetes and play a role in the intestinal homeostasis in mice." | 1.62 | Metformin inhibits tumor growth and affects intestinal flora in diabetic tumor-bearing mice. ( Chen, C; Gao, X; Kang, J; Li, C; Liu, Z; Luo, D, 2021) |
| "Metformin was administered intragastrically, and aerobic exercise was performed using treadmill with 7-12 m/min, 30-40 min/day, 5 days/week." | 1.62 | Morphological and functional characterization of diabetic cardiomyopathy in db/db mice following exercise, metformin alone, or combination treatments. ( Liu, J; Lu, J; Tang, Q; Wang, X; Zhang, L; Zhang, Y, 2021) |
| "Metformin use was associated with an increased odds of AD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1." | 1.62 | Association of metformin use with Alzheimer's disease in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a population-based nested case-control study. ( Cho, SY; Choi, DW; Ha, J; Kim, E; Kim, H; Kim, KJ; Kim, KY; Koh, Y; Nam, CM, 2021) |
| "Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) are metabolic disorders characterized by increased insulin resistance." | 1.62 | The Use of Oral Hypoglycemic Agents during Pregnancy: An Alternative to Insulin? ( González-Rodríguez, LA; González-Sepúlveda, L; Mercado-Méndez, S; Romaguera, J, 2021) |
| "Metformin is a front-line drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and several studies have shown that diabetes patients treated with metformin have reduced incidence of cancer." | 1.62 | Metformin enhances the cytotoxic effect of nilotinib and overcomes nilotinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. ( Choi, CW; Kim, DS; Lee, DH; Na, YJ; Oh, SC; Yu, ES, 2021) |
| "Metformin use over time was associated with a significant reduction in risk of death or liver transplantation (aHR, 0." | 1.62 | Type 2 Diabetes and Metformin Use Associate With Outcomes of Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis-Related, Child-Pugh A Cirrhosis. ( Adams, LA; Aller-de la Fuente, R; Calzadilla-Bertot, L; Castellanos, M; Eslam, M; George, J; Romero-Gomez, M; Vilar-Gomez, E; Wong, GL; Wong, VW, 2021) |
| "Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the leading liver disease globally." | 1.62 | Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Diabetes Mellitus. ( Gawrieh, S; Khneizer, G; Rizvi, S, 2021) |
| "Once a woman is diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), two strategies are considered for management; life-style modifications and pharmacological therapy." | 1.62 | Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. ( Oskovi-Kaplan, ZA; Ozgu-Erdinc, AS, 2021) |
| " A dose-response pattern was observed while comparing the tertiles of cumulative duration of metformin therapy to never users." | 1.62 | Metformin Use Is Associated with a Lower Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Tseng, CH, 2021) |
| "Metformin, the first-line drug to treat type 2 diabetes, inhibits mitochondrial glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase in the liver to suppress gluconeogenesis." | 1.62 | PolyMet-HA nanocomplexs regulates glucose uptake by inhibiting SHIP2 activity. ( Diao, J; Ding, L; Du, A; Wen, S; Xu, C; Yuan, X; Zhou, L, 2021) |
| "In this investigation, we compared iLTS scar-derived fibroblasts in patients with and without T2DM." | 1.62 | Characterization of Fibroblasts in Iatrogenic Laryngotracheal Stenosis and Type II Diabetes Mellitus. ( Davis, R; Ding, D; Hillel, AT; Lina, I; Motz, KM; Tsai, HW, 2021) |
| "Metformin treatment altered the metabolomics profiles of diabetic rats and lowered their blood sugar levels." | 1.62 | The effects of high-fat diet and metformin on urinary metabolites in diabetes and prediabetes rat models. ( Gam, LH; Greimel, P; Ibrahim, B; Ismail, MN; Lee, YF; Murugaiyah, V; Sim, XY; Teh, YH, 2021) |
| "Metformin was associated with increased OR (CI) for AKI, 1." | 1.62 | Is metformin associated with acute kidney injury? A case-control study of patients with type 2 diabetes admitted with acute infection. ( Carlson, N; Gerds, TA; Gislason, GH; Hommel, K; Nelveg-Kristensen, KE; Nissen, AB; Schou, M; Schytz, PA; Torp-Pedersen, C, 2021) |
| "Repaglinide and metformin were complexed with amberlite resin; later resin complexed drug was encapsulated in Ethylcellulose floating microspheres." | 1.62 | Repaglinide and Metformin-Loaded Amberlite Resin-Based Floating Microspheres for the Effective Management of Type 2 Diabetes. ( Jain, AK; Jain, SK; Mishra, K; Sahu, P, 2021) |
| " Cardiovascular outcomes included hospitalization for heart failure (HHF), all-cause mortality, HHF plus all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and modified major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs)." | 1.62 | Cardiovascular Safety of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors as Add-on to Metformin Monotherapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Ha, KH; Jeon, JY; Kim, DJ, 2021) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have many treatment options." | 1.62 | Budget Impact of Oral Semaglutide Intensification versus Sitagliptin among US Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Uncontrolled with Metformin. ( Alsumali, A; Briggs, A; Davies, G; Kowal, S; Lautsch, D; Li, Q; Rajpathak, S; Wehler, E, 2021) |
| "Metformin and insulin were used for therapy; the resulting changes to glycogen metabolism and embryo implantation were examined." | 1.62 | The Effects of Altered Endometrial Glucose Homeostasis on Embryo Implantation in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. ( Cui, ZH; Guo, WJ; Ma, YD; Nie, L; Wang, YC; Yuan, DZ; Yue, LM; Zhang, JH; Zhang, LX; Zhang, XQ; Zhao, D, 2021) |
| "To examine metformin dosage patterns among adults with type 2 diabetes in an integrated healthcare system in the US." | 1.62 | Metformin dosage patterns in type 2 diabetes patients in a real-world setting in the United States. ( DeSantis, A; Mahabaleshwarkar, R, 2021) |
| "Diabetes associated with Werner syndrome is classified as "accompanied with other diseases and conditions and the one occurring mainly in association with other genetic syndromes." | 1.62 | Management guideline for Werner syndrome 2020. 3. Diabetes associated with Werner syndrome. ( Kato, H; Koshizaka, M; Kubota, Y; Kuzuya, M; Maezawa, Y; Mori, S; Motegi, SI; Nakagami, H; Takemoto, M; Taniguchi, A; Taniguchi, T; Tsukamoto, K; Yokote, K, 2021) |
| "Metformin was the first monotherapy and increased in use: 67% of monotherapies in 2008 versus 77% in 2013." | 1.62 | Time trends in diabetes medication prescription and factors associated with metformin discontinuation in people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: A national population-based study. ( Aguadé, AS; Amadou, C; Fagot-Campagna, A; Fontaine, P; Gastaldi-Ménager, C; Karsenty, D, 2021) |
| "GI symptoms are common in youth with type 2 diabetes taking metformin XR and SR." | 1.62 | Metformin treatment and gastrointestinal symptoms in youth: Findings from a large tertiary care referral center. ( Chung, ST; Cogen, F; Cravalho, CKL; Hudson, J; Matta, ST; Meyers, AG; Villalobos-Perez, A, 2021) |
| "Metformin has been recommended as a first-line antidiabetic drug (ADD) for all patients with type 2 diabetes even in the presence of high cardiovascular (CV) risk by American Diabetes Association." | 1.62 | Does background metformin therapy influence the cardiovascular outcomes with SGLT-2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes? ( Singh, AK; Singh, R, 2021) |
| "Abnormal glucose metabolism in cancer cells causes generation and secretion of excess lactate, which results in acidification of the extracellular microenvironment." | 1.62 | Metformin induced lactic acidosis impaired response of cancer cells towards paclitaxel and doxorubicin: Role of monocarboxylate transporter. ( Bhat, MK; Chaube, B; Deb, A; Malvi, P; Mayengbam, SS; Mohammad, N; Singh, A; Singh, SV, 2021) |
| "Of 328 patients with COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes included in the study cohort, 30." | 1.62 | Association of metformin with mortality or ARDS in patients with COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes: A retrospective cohort study. ( Chen, Z; Gong, Y; Jiang, N; Li, H; Liu, L; Lu, Z; Tan, X; Tian, M; Wang, J; Xiong, N; Yang, H; Yin, X, 2021) |
| "Overall, 12,244 of 26,651 patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent bariatric surgery were taking ≥2 GLM classes." | 1.62 | Order of discontinuation of glucose-lowering medications following bariatric surgery. ( Chen, J; Micek, ST; Salles, A; Sparkman, J; Vouri, SM, 2021) |
| "Liraglutide-treated patients reached target HbA1c more frequently: 23/45 (51%) vs 11/51 (22%), relative probability 2." | 1.62 | Efficacy of liraglutide on glycemic endpoints in people of Western European and South Asian descent with T2DM using multiple daily insulin injections: results of the MAGNA VICTORIA studies. ( Bizino, MB; Geelhoed-Duijvestijn, PH; Jazet, IM; Kharagjitsingh, AV; Lamb, HJ; Paiman, EHM; Rensen, PCN; Smit, JW; van Eyk, HJ, 2021) |
| "We included patients with AKI and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care database." | 1.62 | Association between metformin use on admission and outcomes in intensive care unit patients with acute kidney injury and type 2 diabetes: A retrospective cohort study. ( Chen, W; Chen, X; Wen, D; Xiong, X; Yang, Q; Zhang, Z; Zheng, J, 2021) |
| "Metformin-treated diabetics (MTD) showed a decrease in cobalamin, a rise in homocysteine, and methylmalonic acid, leading to accentuated diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN)." | 1.62 | The relationship between exacerbated diabetic peripheral neuropathy and metformin treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( El-Sherif, M; Esmael, A; Hashem, MM; Nassar, AK, 2021) |
| "Metformin remains the cornerstone of type 2 diabetes treatment after lifestyle modifications, which should always be encouraged before medications." | 1.62 | [News in Diabetology 2020]. ( Gariani, K; Jornayvaz, FR, 2021) |
| "Metformin use was associated with poorer prognostic factors in endometrial cancer patients with T2D." | 1.62 | Metformin Associates With Aggressive Features of Endometrial Cancer in Women With Type 2 Diabetes. ( Ahtikoski, A; Arima, R; Karihtala, P; Puistola, U; Urpilainen, E, 2021) |
| "Metformin's NMB was negative for the lowest population risk quintile." | 1.62 | Targeting of the diabetes prevention program leads to substantial benefits when capacity is constrained. ( Cohen, JT; Kent, DM; Olchanski, N; Ruthazer, R; van Klaveren, D; Wong, JB, 2021) |
| "Achieving adequate glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains a difficult but achievable goal." | 1.62 | Clinical Evidence of Evogliptin plus Metformin in Management of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. ( Aiwale, A; Bajaj, S; Sharma, A; Trailokya, A, 2021) |
| "Metformin is an effective drug against type 2 diabetes (T2D), a pathogenesis in which mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the main players." | 1.62 | Does Metformin Modulate Mitochondrial Dynamics and Function in Type 2 Diabetic Patients? ( Abad-Jiménez, Z; Canet, F; de Marañón, AM; Jover, A; Morillas, C; Rocha, M; Victor, VM, 2021) |
| "Adults with type 2 diabetes patients and a current prescription for metformin and other glucose-lowering agents (MF+) were compared to those with a current prescription for glucose-lowering agents that did not include metformin (MF-)." | 1.62 | Association of Metformin with Susceptibility to COVID-19 in People with Type 2 Diabetes. ( Acosta-Mena, D; Adderley, NJ; Anand, A; Bangash, MN; Byne, N; Chandan, JS; Cooper, JM; Dhalla, S; Ghosh, S; Gokhale, K; Hanif, W; Haroon, S; Jackson, T; Khunti, K; Narendran, P; Nirantharakumar, K; Okoth, K; Sainsbury, C; Subramanian, A; Surenthirakumaran, R; Tahrani, AA; Taverner, T; Thomas, GN; Toulis, KA; Wang, J; Zemedikun, D, 2021) |
| "To assess the presence of vitamin B12 deficiency among metformin users and associated factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 1.62 | Vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using metformin and the associated factors in Saudi Arabia. ( Al Saeed, RR; Baraja, MA, 2021) |
| "Metformin was the most common treatment (>70% of those with and without CVD had prescriptions across all treatment lines)." | 1.62 | Prescribing in Type 2 Diabetes Patients With and Without Cardiovascular Disease History: A Descriptive Analysis in the UK CPRD. ( Beard, I; Farmer, RE; Gollop, ND; Kanumilli, N; McGovern, AP; Patel, N; Raza, SI; Tebboth, A; Ternouth, A, 2021) |
| "Metformin users were defined as those who had been prescribed continuous oral metformin for over a period of ≥ 90 days, and the control group was defined as all other patients." | 1.62 | Metformin use and risk of COVID-19 among patients with type II diabetes mellitus: an NHIS-COVID-19 database cohort study. ( Oh, TK; Song, IA, 2021) |
| "We aimed to develop a metformin dosing strategy to optimise efficacy and safety in patients with reduced kidney function." | 1.62 | Metformin doses to ensure efficacy and safety in patients with reduced kidney function. ( Cosgrove, S; Kuan, IHS; Leishman, JC; Putt, TL; Schollum, JBW; Walker, RJ; Wilson, LC; Wright, DFB, 2021) |
| "Veterans with new onset type 2 diabetes were identified using National Veterans Health Administration Data." | 1.62 | Evaluation of the metformin initiation rate in veterans with newly identified type 2 diabetes. ( Egge, JA; Meyer, MM; Waterbury, NV; Zenti, KJ, 2021) |
| "Metformin is a widely used first-line anti-diabetic drug." | 1.62 | Evolution of liver fibrosis and steatosis markers in patients with type 2 diabetes after metformin treatment for 2 years. ( Ahn, SH; Kim, BK; Kim, DY; Kim, SU; Lee, HW; Lee, JS; Park, JY, 2021) |
| "The metabolic derangements in type 2 diabetes have been attributed to compositional changes in the gut microbiota." | 1.62 | Gut microbiota compositions and metabolic functions in type 2 diabetes differ with glycemic durability to metformin monotherapy. ( Chang, CC; Dai, CY; Hsieh, CC; Hung, WC; Hung, WW; Jhou, PS; Peng, P; Su, YC; Tsai, YC, 2021) |
| "Both obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are recognized risk factors for developing a more severe form of COVID-19, with a higher death rate." | 1.62 | [Continuing or stopping metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes exposed to SARS-CoV-2 ?] ( Paquot, N; Scheen, AJ, 2021) |
| "Adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) face increased risk of many long-term adverse outcomes." | 1.62 | Development and Internal Validation of A Prediction Tool To Assist Clinicians Selecting Second-Line Therapy Following Metformin Monotherapy For Type 2 Diabetes. ( El Sanadi, CE; Ji, X; Kattan, MW; Pantalone, KM, 2021) |
| "The effect of type 2 diabetes, metformin, and insulin on COVID-19 were analyzed, respectively." | 1.62 | Effects of metformin, insulin on COVID-19 patients with pre-existed type 2 diabetes: A multicentral retrospective study. ( Chen, W; Chen, Y; Cheng, X; Duan, P; Gong, Y; Li, C; Li, F; Li, L; Li, W; Xin, S; Zhou, B; Zhou, X, 2021) |
| "A revolution in the Type II diabetes mellitus treatment has occurred with the arrival of new antidiabetic drugs, which are thought to compromise metformin place." | 1.62 | Metformin in the era of new antidiabetics. ( Barrios, V; Rajjoub Al-Mahdi, EA; Zamorano, JL, 2021) |
| "We investigated the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency using more sensitive, combined markers of vitamin B12 status (4cB12) and the immuno-biochemical mediators of vitamin B12 deficiency." | 1.62 | Profiling immuno-metabolic mediators of vitamin B12 deficiency among metformin-treated type 2 diabetic patients in Ghana. ( Afranie, BO; Amoani, B; Boakye, D; Dadzie, RE; Kwarteng, A; Laing, EF; Mantey, R; Opoku, S; Owiredu, EW; Sakyi, SA, 2021) |
| "Metformin was administered orally every day to rats with OA." | 1.62 | Metformin Attenuates Monosodium-Iodoacetate-Induced Osteoarthritis via Regulation of Pain Mediators and the Autophagy-Lysosomal Pathway. ( Cho, KH; Cho, ML; Choi, JW; Jung, K; Kim, SJ; Kwon, JY; Lee, AR; Lee, DH; Lee, SH; Lee, SY; Min, HK; Na, HS; Park, SH; Woo, JS, 2021) |
| " As stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) patients combined with type 2 diabetes have significantly increased risk for cardiac event, we focused on elucidating the role of microbiota affecting cardiometabolic disease development." | 1.62 | Gut microbiota dysbiosis in stable coronary artery disease combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus influences cardiovascular prognosis. ( Feng, S; Liang, L; Liu, H; Tian, R; Wang, H; Wang, Y; Xing, H; Xu, H; Zhang, S, 2021) |
| "Patients with prediabetes are making choices for diabetes prevention that generally align with recommendations and expected benefits from the published literature." | 1.62 | Choice of Intensive Lifestyle Change and/or Metformin after Shared Decision Making for Diabetes Prevention: Results from the Prediabetes Informed Decisions and Education (PRIDE) Study. ( Castellon-Lopez, Y; Duru, OK; Frosch, DL; Grotts, J; Jeffers, KS; Mangione, CM; Martin, JM; Moin, T; Norris, KC; Tseng, CH; Turk, N, 2021) |
| "Metformin was used as the standard antidiabetic drug." | 1.62 | Vanillin exerts therapeutic effects against hyperglycemia-altered glucose metabolism and purinergic activities in testicular tissues of diabetic rats. ( Erukainure, OL; Islam, MS; Olofinsan, KA; Salau, VF, 2021) |
| "This article discusses some characteristics of older patients that could increase the risk of adverse events, with a focus on hypoglycemia." | 1.62 | Careful use to minimize adverse events of oral antidiabetic medications in the elderly. ( Scheen, AJ, 2021) |
| "Metformin did not inhibit mGPD in homogenates or mitochondria from insulin cells or liver cells." | 1.62 | Metformin's Therapeutic Efficacy in the Treatment of Diabetes Does Not Involve Inhibition of Mitochondrial Glycerol Phosphate Dehydrogenase. ( Ansari, IH; Longacre, MJ; MacDonald, MJ; Stoker, SW, 2021) |
| "Adults with type 2 diabetes from NHANES continuous survey (1999-2018, n = 6447) were classified as active and inactive based on self-reported engagement in moderate-to-vigorous or vigorous physical activity (MVPA or VigPA) and metformin use over the last month." | 1.62 | Association between metformin and physical activity with glucose control in adults with type 2 diabetes. ( Abdalhk, D; Kuk, JL; Riddell, MC; Swayze, S, 2021) |
| "The main outcome was type 2 diabetes visits where a prescription drug was used ("treatment visit")." | 1.62 | Ambulatory noninsulin treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the United States, 2015 to 2019. ( Alexander, GC; Christopher, J; Heyward, J; Kalyani, RR; Sarkar, S; Shin, JI, 2021) |
| "For most patients with type 2 diabetes, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends an A1c goal of less than 7%." | 1.62 | Diabetes: Pharmacotherapy for Type 2 Diabetes. ( St Onge, E, 2021) |
| "A total of 3757 primary invasive breast cancer patients who underwent surgery from January 2010 to December 2013 were enrolled." | 1.62 | Metformin improves the outcomes in Chinese invasive breast cancer patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Hui, T; Li, R; Shang, C; Song, Z; Wang, M; Yang, L, 2021) |
| "Metformin monotherapy was used as first-line therapy in 56." | 1.62 | Characteristics and treatment patterns of patients with type 2 diabetes in Lebanon: the DISCOVER study. ( Amm, M; Azar, ST; Ballout, H; Cheaib, I; Echtay, A; El Nazer, H; Fardoun, I; Ghazzawi, A; Kenaan, R; Merheb, M; Obeid, Y; Saleh, M; Wakim, S; Zein, C, 2021) |
| "Metformin hydrochloride is a drug used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes." | 1.62 | Enabling the direct compression of metformin hydrochloride through QESD crystallization. ( Hansen, J; Kleinebudde, P, 2021) |
| "To explore the views of people with type 2 diabetes who had initiated metformin monotherapy about what influences adherence and persistence." | 1.62 | What helps and hinders metformin adherence and persistence? A qualitative study exploring the views of people with type 2 diabetes. ( Inder, M; Maclennan, K; Moata'ane, L; Parkin, L; Te Morenga, L, 2021) |
| "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the primary causes of chronic liver disease and is closely linked to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and dyslipidemia." | 1.62 | Metformin in Combination with Malvidin Prevents Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Improving Lipid and Glucose Metabolisms, and Inhibiting Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes Rats. ( Gu, X; Li, X; Zhang, C; Zhu, H; Zou, W, 2021) |
| "Metformin (Met) is a well-known drug for type 2 diabetes." | 1.62 | An adjuvant effect of Metformin as an anti-fibrotic agent when administered with the anti-schistosomal Praziquantel in Schistosoma mansoni infected mice. ( El-Naggar, SA; El-Said, KS; Harras, SF; Salama, WM, 2021) |
| "In the treatment of type 2 diabetes, evidence of the comparative effectiveness of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors vs sulfonylureas-the second most widely used antihyperglycemic class after metformin-is lacking." | 1.62 | Comparative Effectiveness of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors vs Sulfonylureas in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. ( Al-Aly, Z; Bowe, B; Gibson, AK; Maddukuri, G; McGill, JB; Xie, Y, 2021) |
| "Metformin was the most frequently drug initially prescribed in noninsulin treated subjects (~85%) and sulphonylurea receptor (SUR) agonists collectively ranked as second (~13%)." | 1.62 | Initial treatment of diabetes in Italy. A nationwide population-based study from of the ARNO Diabetes Observatory. ( Bonora, E; Cataudella, S; Fadini, GP; Marchesini, G; Martini, N; Miccoli, R; Rossi, E; Vaccaro, O, 2021) |
| "A 58-year-old female with known type 2 diabetes mellitus continued to take her usual medications, including metformin, an ACE inhibitor and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, while suffering from diarrhoea and vomiting." | 1.62 | Metformin-associated lactic acidosis. ( Fadden, EJ; Longley, C; Mahambrey, T, 2021) |
| "Metformin is a biguanide antihyperglycemic drug used worldwide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes." | 1.62 | Metformin prevents p-tau and amyloid plaque deposition and memory impairment in diabetic mice. ( Araújo, SMR; Braga, CF; Duarte-Silva, E; França, MR; Lós, DB; Oliveira, WH; Peixoto, CA; Rocha, SWS; Rodrigues, GB, 2021) |
| "Metformin has been used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and animal and clinical studies have reported therapeutic effects of metformin in Alzheimer's disease (AD)." | 1.62 | Metformin attenuates vascular pathology by increasing expression of insulin-degrading enzyme in a mixed model of cerebral amyloid angiopathy and type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Ando, Y; Inoue, Y; Masuda, T; Misumi, Y; Ueda, M, 2021) |
| "The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in youth is increasing, but little is known regarding the occurrence of related complications as these youths transition to adulthood." | 1.62 | Long-Term Complications in Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes. ( Bjornstad, P; Caprio, S; Drews, KL; Gubitosi-Klug, R; Nathan, DM; Tesfaldet, B; Tryggestad, J; White, NH; Zeitler, P, 2021) |
| "The aims of our study was compare adherence measured by the medical possession ratio (MPR), time until discontinuation and describe adverse events after adding a DPP-4i, SGLT-2i, or sulfonylureas (SU) to metformin in a primary care population with insufficient glycemic control." | 1.62 | Analysis of the Adherence and Safety of Second Oral Glucose-Lowering Therapy in Routine Practice From the Mediterranean Area: A Retrospective Cohort Study. ( Cos, X; Farre, M; Franch-Nadal, J; Khunti, K; Mata-Cases, M; Mauricio, D; Mundet-Tudurí, X; Real, J; Vallès-Callol, JA; Vlacho, B, 2021) |
| " Therefore, the present study investigated the protective effect of L-egt alone, or combined with metformin, on renal damage in a type-2 diabetic (T2D) rat model." | 1.62 | L-ergothioneine and its combination with metformin attenuates renal dysfunction in type-2 diabetic rat model by activating Nrf2 antioxidant pathway. ( Channa, ML; Dare, A; Nadar, A, 2021) |
| "Patients aged 18-65 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) were evaluated, and cases of AIN were identified." | 1.62 | Metformin use and the risk of anal intraepithelial neoplasia in type II diabetic patients. ( D'Adamo, CR; Fang, SH; Hsu, AT; Hung, YC; Mavanur, AA; Svoboda, SM; Wolf, JH, 2021) |
| "Clinical trials investigating cardiovascular safety of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors (DPP-4i) among patients with cardiovascular and renal disease rarely recruit patients with renal impairment, despite associations with increased risk for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)." | 1.62 | Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor cardiovascular safety in patients with type 2 diabetes, with cardiovascular and renal disease: a retrospective cohort study. ( Alexander, GC; Baksh, S; Chang, HY; Ehrhardt, S; Mansour, O; McAdams-DeMarco, M; Segal, JB; Wen, J, 2021) |
| "People with type 2 diabetes mellitus who initiated metformin monotherapy between 1 January 2006 and 30 September 2014 (n=93 874)." | 1.62 | Treatment pathways in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a nationwide cohort study of new users of metformin monotherapy in New Zealand. ( Barson, D; Guo, J; Horsburgh, S; Parkin, L; Zeng, J, 2021) |
| " In conclusion, this study shows a risk reduction of malignant brain tumors associated with metformin use in a dose-response pattern." | 1.62 | Metformin and Risk of Malignant Brain Tumors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Tseng, CH, 2021) |
| "Metformin was found to reduce elevated prolactin levels in women but not in men." | 1.56 | Endogenous testosterone determines metformin action on prolactin levels in hyperprolactinaemic men: A pilot study. ( Krysiak, R; Okopień, B; Szkróbka, W, 2020) |
| "no comorbidities) but more likely in congestive heart failure (OR 1." | 1.56 | Pharmacological treatment initiation for type 2 diabetes in Australia: are the guidelines being followed? ( Bell, JS; Ilomäki, J; Keen, CS; Magliano, DJ; Shaw, JE; Wood, SJ, 2020) |
| "Gastrointestinal discomfort is the most common adverse event of metformin treatment for type 2 diabetes, especially in elderly patients." | 1.56 | Comparison of gastrointestinal adverse events with different doses of metformin in the treatment of elderly people with type 2 diabetes. ( Cuiping, J; Haidong, W; Jiao, S; Jieyuzhen, Q; Qin, G; Wen, T; Xiaoming, T; Yuxin, H; Zhijun, B, 2020) |
| "Metformin is an affordable and well-tolerated drug used in type 2 diabetes." | 1.56 | Metformin in Gynecologic Cancers: Opening a New Window for Prevention and Treatment? ( Goodwin, PJ; Madariaga, A; Oza, AM, 2020) |
| "Type 2 diabetes has been linked with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD)." | 1.56 | Metformin and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease Among Community-Dwelling People With Diabetes: A National Case-Control Study. ( Bell, JS; Hartikainen, S; Koponen, M; Sluggett, JK; Taipale, H; Tanskanen, A; Tiihonen, J; Tolppanen, AM; Uusitupa, M, 2020) |
| "Metformin is an anti-diabetic drug widely used for treating patients with type 2 diabetes." | 1.56 | Metformin reduces TRPC6 expression through AMPK activation and modulates cytoskeleton dynamics in podocytes under diabetic conditions. ( Angielski, S; Audzeyenka, I; Kreft, E; Piwkowska, A; Rachubik, P; Rogacka, D; Rychłowski, M; Szrejder, M, 2020) |
| "Metformin use has been linked to pathologic complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for several malignancies." | 1.56 | Diabetes Mellitus and Metformin Are Not Associated With Breast Cancer Pathologic Complete Response. ( Berger, AC; Brenin, DR; Christopher, A; Hassinger, TE; Knisely, AT; Mehaffey, JH; Schroen, AT; Showalter, SL, 2020) |
| "For metformin-treated T2DM women, the 12-month change in marrow FF was inversely associated with change in vBMD (r = -0." | 1.56 | The effect of metformin on vertebral marrow fat in postmenopausal women with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Lin, F; Pan, Y; Zhang, Y; Zhou, Q, 2020) |
| "Methods and Results Among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus not controlled with metformin with no prior use of insulin, we assessed for sex differences in the cardiovascular effectiveness and safety of sodium-glucose-like transport-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, initiated as second-line agents relative to sulfonylureas (reference-group)." | 1.56 | Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Effectiveness of Newer Glucose-Lowering Drugs Added to Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Abrahamowicz, M; Behlouli, H; Bernatsky, S; Elharram, M; Moura, CS; Pilote, L; Raparelli, V, 2020) |
| "Metformin use was associated with lower risk for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0." | 1.56 | A Safety Comparison of Metformin vs Sulfonylurea Initiation in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study. ( Clemens, KK; Hougen, I; Komenda, P; Rigatto, C; Tangri, N; Whitlock, RH, 2020) |
| "Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome and it impairs physical function." | 1.56 | A cross-sectional study: Associations between sarcopenia and clinical characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Cui, M; Gang, X; Jiang, Z; Li, Z; Wang, G; Xiao, X, 2020) |
| "The effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) medications on secondary prevention after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remain unclear." | 1.56 | Recurrent cardiovascular events in patients with newly diagnosed acute coronary syndrome: Influence of diabetes and its management with medication. ( Asano, T; Komaru, Y; Suzuki, L; Takeuchi, T; Urayama, KY, 2020) |
| "Sixty-three Lebanese patients with type 2 diabetes who administered metformin, were followed up for six months and genotyped for rs622342A>C." | 1.56 | rs622342A>C in SLC22A1 is associated with metformin pharmacokinetics and glycemic response. ( El Shamieh, S; Fakhoury, R; Naja, K, 2020) |
| " Secondary endpoints included mean change in body weight, insulin dosage and safety after 12 weeks." | 1.56 | Effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of vildagliptin or vildagliptin/metformin combination in patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled on insulin therapy in a real-world setting in Egypt: The OMEGA study. ( El Ebrashy, I; El Kafrawy, N; Raouf, R; Yousry, D, 2020) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often experience hypoglycaemia and weight gain due to treatment side effects." | 1.56 | Real-world Evaluation of glycemic control and hypoglycemic Events among type 2 Diabetes mellitus study (REEDS): a multicentre, cross-sectional study in Thailand. ( Benjasuratwong, Y; Nitiyanant, W; Ongphiphadhanakul, B; Pratipanawatr, T; Satirapoj, B; Suwanwalaikorn, S, 2020) |
| "Our results indicate that painful diabetic neuropathy is associated with a serial of morphometric plasticity in the rat spinal cord including the numerical increase of the myelinated fibers in the spinothalamic tract and the oligodendrocytes in the spinal dorsal horn." | 1.56 | Stereological study on the numerical plasticity of myelinated fibers and oligodendrocytes in the rat spinal cord with painful diabetic neuropathy. ( He, YN; Lin, JY; Peng, B; Xu, BL; Zhu, N, 2020) |
| "All adults diagnosed with documented type 2 diabetes (extrapolated to the German population: 6." | 1.56 | Changes in incidence of severe hypoglycaemia in people with type 2 diabetes from 2006 to 2016: analysis based on health insurance data in Germany considering the anti-hyperglycaemic medication. ( Günster, C; Kloos, C; Klöss, A; Lehmann, T; Müller, N; Müller, UA, 2020) |
| "Gut dysbiosis has been associated with several disease outcomes including diabetes in human populations." | 1.56 | Gut Microbiome Profiles Are Associated With Type 2 Diabetes in Urban Africans. ( Adebamowo, C; Adebamowo, SN; Adeyemo, A; Doumatey, AP; Lei, L; Rotimi, CN; Zhou, J, 2020) |
| "The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency is considerable among diabetic patients on metformin therapy." | 1.56 | Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Diabetic Patients on Metformin Therapy: A cross-sectional study from Oman. ( Al Mahrezi, AM; Al-Gahhafi, M; Al-Hamdi, A; Al-Mamari, A; Al-Roshdi, S; Jaju, S, 2020) |
| "Metformin use was associated with reduced lipid accumulation independently of immunosuppressive therapy." | 1.56 | Lipid Accumulation in Hearts Transplanted From Nondiabetic Donors to Diabetic Recipients. ( Amarelli, C; Balestrieri, ML; Cacciatore, F; D'Amico, M; D'Onofrio, N; De Feo, M; Esposito, S; Golino, P; Maiello, C; Mansueto, G; Marfella, R; Mattucci, I; Napoli, C; Paolisso, G; Salerno, G, 2020) |
| "A total of 66,807 people with type 2 diabetes were treated with metformin (MET) plus a combination of second- and third-line therapies." | 1.56 | Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events, Severe Hypoglycemia, and All-Cause Mortality for Widely Used Antihyperglycemic Dual and Triple Therapies for Type 2 Diabetes Management: A Cohort Study of All Danish Users. ( Hejlesen, O; Jakobsen, PE; Jensen, MH; Kjolby, M; Vestergaard, P, 2020) |
| "Metformin is an oral antidiabetic that reduces insulin resistance and plasma glucose levels by decreasing glucose production in the liver." | 1.56 | An investigation of saliva and plasma levels of urotensin 2 in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on metformin treatment. ( Aydın, S; Gozel, N; Karataş, A; Kılınç, F; Kuloglu, T; Onalan, E; Oral, K; Ozdemir, FA, 2020) |
| " We aimed to compare the risk of major cardiovascular and adverse events in new users of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i), glucagon-like peptide 1 agonist (GLP-1a), and sulfonylurea in T2DM patients not controlled on metformin therapy." | 1.56 | Novel glucose lowering agents are associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular and adverse events in type 2 diabetes: A population based analysis. ( Abrahamowicz, M; Behlouli, H; Bernatsky, S; Elharram, M; Moura, CS; Pilote, L; Raparelli, V, 2020) |
| "Metformin treatment for T2D during the initial diagnosis of BC may improve outcomes." | 1.56 | Type 2 diabetes, breast cancer specific and overall mortality: Associations by metformin use and modification by race, body mass, and estrogen receptor status. ( Gogineni, K; He, J; Lee, KN; McCullough, LE; Torres, MA; Troeschel, AN, 2020) |
| "2754 prostate cancers were observed versus 3111." | 1.56 | Reduced risk of prostate cancer in a cohort of Lithuanian diabetes mellitus patients. ( Kincius, M; Linkeviciute-Ulinskiene, D; Patasius, A; Smailyte, G; Zabuliene, L, 2020) |
| " It seems obvious, in comparison with other drugs, that metformin is badly incorporated into hair, as the daily dosage varied from 1 to 3 g." | 1.56 | Development of a new GC-MS/MS method for the determination of metformin in human hair. ( Arbouche, N; Batt, MO; Kintz, P; Raul, JS, 2020) |
| "Metformin is a widely used hypoglycemic agent, while resistant starch (RS) is a novel dietary fiber that emerges as a nutritional strategy for metabolic disease." | 1.56 | A specific gut microbiota and metabolomic profiles shifts related to antidiabetic action: The similar and complementary antidiabetic properties of type 3 resistant starch from Canna edulis and metformin. ( Li, R; Luo, L; Ma, S; Qiao, S; Wang, N; Wang, X; Wu, J; Xu, W; Zhang, C; Zhang, Y; Zhao, B, 2020) |
| "Dapagliflozin treatment results' significantly surpassed improvement of metformin treatment nearly in all parameters." | 1.56 | Dapagliflozin, a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, protects cardiovascular function in type-2 diabetic murine model. ( El-Domiaty, H; El-Nabi, SH; Fayez Ewida, S; Hanna, G; Saleh, S; Shabaan, A, 2020) |
| "This study aims to compare the risks of cancer among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on metformin-sulfonylurea dual therapy intensified with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4i), thiazolidinediones, or insulin." | 1.56 | DPP4i, thiazolidinediones, or insulin and risks of cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on metformin-sulfonylurea dual therapy with inadequate control. ( Chan, EWY; Lam, CLK; Man, KKC; Tse, ETY; Wong, CKH; Wong, ICK; Wu, T, 2020) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with pNET metastasis and not an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in pNETs." | 1.56 | Diabetes Is Associated With the Metastasis of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. ( Cheng, H; Fan, K; Fan, Z; Gong, Y; Huang, Q; Jin, K; Liu, C; Luo, G; Ni, Q; Yang, C; Yu, X, 2020) |
| "Metformin has a protective effect on arecoline-induced mouse oocytes apoptosis." | 1.56 | Metformin protects against mouse oocyte apoptosis defects induced by arecoline. ( Li, WD; Shen, W; Sun, QY; Yin, S; Zang, CJ; Zhao, M, 2020) |
| " Metformin use also exhibited significant dose-response relationship with respect to the risks of bacterial pneumonia, hospitalization for COPD and IMV." | 1.56 | Respiratory outcomes of metformin use in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ( Hsu, CC; Hwu, CM; Wei, JC; Yang, YC; Yen, FS, 2020) |
| "Metformin has been used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes for over 60 years, however, its mechanism of action is still not completely understood." | 1.56 | The importance of the AMPK gamma 1 subunit in metformin suppression of liver glucose production. ( An, H; He, L; Li, M; Maheshwari, A; Qin, C; Wang, Y, 2020) |
| "The global incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes have been escalating in recent decades." | 1.56 | 2020 Consensus of Taiwan Society of Cardiology on the pharmacological management of patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. ( Chang, KC; Chao, TF; Chao, TH; Chen, WJ; Cheng, HM; Cheng, SM; Chiang, CE; Chu, PH; Huang, JL; Hung, HF; Hwang, JJ; Lai, WT; Li, YH; Lin, SJ; Lin, TH; Liu, ME; Liu, PY; Shyu, KG; Sung, SH; Tsai, CD; Ueng, KC; Wang, KL; Wu, YJ; Wu, YW; Yeh, HI; Yeh, SJ; Yin, WH, 2020) |
| "Objectives Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is a progressive metabolic disease characterized by relative insulin insufficiency and insulin resistance resulting in hyperglycemia." | 1.56 | Evaluation of the suitability of 19 pharmacogenomics biomarkers for individualized metformin therapy for type 2 diabetes patients. ( Abrahams-October, Z; Adeniyi, OV; Benjeddou, M; Johnson, R; Masilela, CM; Ongole, JJ; Pearce, B; Xhakaza, L, 2020) |
| "The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is significantly rising worldwide." | 1.56 | Medications in type-2 diabetics and their association with liver fibrosis. ( Al-Yaman, W; Amin, H; Chadalavada, P; Garg, R; Lopez, R; Siddiqui, MT; Singh, A, 2020) |
| "In this study, mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) induced by high-fat diet were used to investigate the antidiabetic effect and mechanism of action of peanut skin extract (PSE)." | 1.56 | Peanut skin extract ameliorates the symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus in mice by alleviating inflammation and maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis. ( Osada, H; Pan, W; Qi, J; Wu, Q; Xiang, L; Yoshida, M, 2020) |
| "Gastrointestinal side effects being most common side effect of metformin can lead to discontinuation of therapy." | 1.56 | Study of Diversity of Metformin Related Gastrointestinal Side Effects. ( Pareek, KK; Saluja, M; Swami, YK, 2020) |
| "To assess prostate cancer-specific and overall survival in prostate cancer patients with or without preexisting type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with regards to metformin use." | 1.56 | Preexisting diabetes, metformin use and long-term survival in patients with prostate cancer. ( Kincius, M; Linkeviciute-Ulinskiene, D; Patasius, A; Smailyte, G; Zabuliene, L, 2020) |
| "Metformin is the first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes, but there are large inter-individual variations in responses to this drug." | 1.56 | Microbial Imidazole Propionate Affects Responses to Metformin through p38γ-Dependent Inhibitory AMPK Phosphorylation. ( Bäckhed, F; Koh, A; Mannerås-Holm, L; Molinaro, A; Nilsson, PM; Perkins, R; Ryu, SH; Smith, JG; Yunn, NO, 2020) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes who were using metformin before undergoing an FDG PET/CT scan were included." | 1.56 | Discontinuation of metformin to prevent metformin-induced high colonic FDG uptake: is 48 h sufficient? ( Jager, PL; Klarenbeek, H; Kosterink, JGW; Schreuder, N; van Puijenbroek, EP; Vendel, BN, 2020) |
| "This study evaluated the influence of type 2 diabetes mellitus on bone loss, bone repair and cytokine production in hyperglycemic rats, treated or not with metformin." | 1.56 | Impact of hyperglycemia and treatment with metformin on ligature-induced bone loss, bone repair and expression of bone metabolism transcription factors. ( Azarias, JS; Bastos, MF; Garcia, RP; Malta, FS; Miranda, TS; Ribeiro, GKDR; Shibli, JA, 2020) |
| "Despite the known heterogeneity of type 2 diabetes and variable response to glucose lowering medications, current evidence on optimal treatment is predominantly based on average effects in clinical trials rather than individual-level characteristics." | 1.56 | Precision Medicine in Type 2 Diabetes: Using Individualized Prediction Models to Optimize Selection of Treatment. ( Dennis, JM, 2020) |
| "A total of 15 992 patients with type 2 diabetes initiating second-line glucose-lowering therapy." | 1.56 | Metformin discontinuation in patients beginning second-line glucose-lowering therapy: results from the global observational DISCOVER study programme. ( Chen, H; Cid-Ruzafa, J; Fenici, P; Gomes, MB; Hammar, N; Ji, L; Khunti, K; Kosiborod, M; Nicolucci, A; Pocock, S; Rathmann, W; Shestakova, MV; Shimomura, I; Tang, F; Watada, H, 2020) |
| "Hypertension (60." | 1.56 | Diabetes medication regimens and patient clinical characteristics in the national patient-centered clinical research network, PCORnet. ( Bachmann, KN; Bradford, R; Buse, JB; Chakkalakal, RJ; Choi, S; Cook, MM; Dard, S; Donahoo, WT; Fanous, N; Fonseca, V; Grijalva, CG; Katalenich, B; Knoepp, P; Louzao, D; Morris, HL; O'Brien, E; Rothman, RL; Roumie, CL; Wiese, AD; Zalimeni, EO, 2020) |
| "One of the complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus in men is steroidogenic and spermatogenic dysfunctions." | 1.56 | Normalization of Testicular Steroidogenesis and Spermatogenesis in Male Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus under the Conditions of Metformin Therapy. ( Bakhtyukov, AA; Bayunova, LV; Derkach, KV; Shpakov, AO; Zorina, II, 2020) |
| "Despite being the frontline therapy for type 2 diabetes, the mechanisms of action of the biguanide drug metformin are still being discovered." | 1.56 | AMPK regulation of Raptor and TSC2 mediate metformin effects on transcriptional control of anabolism and inflammation. ( Dayn, A; Dayn, Y; Hellberg, K; Luo, EC; Shaw, RJ; Shokhirev, MN; Van Nostrand, EL; Van Nostrand, JL; Yeo, GW; Yu, J, 2020) |
| "<6." | 1.56 | Metformin Should Not Be Used to Treat Prediabetes. ( Davidson, MB, 2020) |
| "Comorbid type 2 diabetes poses a great challenge to the global control of tuberculosis." | 1.56 | Disparate Effects of Metformin on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Mice. ( Govan, B; Hansen, K; Henning, L; Ketheesan, N; Kupz, A; Miranda-Hernandez, S; Rush, CM; Sathkumara, HD, 2020) |
| "Type 2 diabetes is a leading cause of morbidity and a common risk of several disorders." | 1.56 | Alterations of Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes Individuals and the Confounding Effect of Antidiabetic Agents. ( Almugadam, BS; Chen, SM; Liu, Y; Ren, BW; Shao, CY; Tang, L; Wang, CH, 2020) |
| "To investigate the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metformin treatment on the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients received radical surgical treatment." | 1.56 | Metformin reduces the increased risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma recurrence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cohort study with propensity score analyses. ( Chen, W; Hu, X; Huang, D; Huang, L; Mao, T; Shu, Y; Su, T; Wang, C; Wang, Z; Xia, K; Xiong, H; Yang, L; Yu, J, 2020) |
| "Metformin users were categorized into tertiles according to the cumulative dose or duration of metformin treatment, and the risks of gastrointestinal cancers were compared." | 1.56 | Metformin and Gastrointestinal Cancer Development in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Study in Korea. ( Cho, YY; Kang, MJ; Kim, SW; Lee, BW; Lee, S; Lee, YH; Song, SO; Suh, SH; You, JH, 2020) |
| " A population pharmacokinetic model of metformin was developed using NONMEN (version 7." | 1.56 | Population pharmacokinetics and dosing optimization of metformin in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Gao, L; Gao, Y; Guan, Z; Hao, G; Li, L; Li, R; Li, Y; Liao, L; Wang, H; Wu, K; Xu, Y; Yan, Y; Zhao, W, 2020) |
| "We selected all patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine's registry of COVID-19 patients (SEMI-COVID-19 Registry)." | 1.56 | Mortality and other adverse outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted for COVID-19 in association with glucose-lowering drugs: a nationwide cohort study. ( Acedo, IEA; Ayala-Gutiérrez, MM; Canteli, SP; Cosío, SF; Ena, J; Ferrer, RG; Fuentes-Jiménez, F; Garcia, MG; Gómez-Huelgas, R; Jorge Huerta, L; Lecumberri, JJN; López-Carmona, MD; Madrazo, M; Martínez, FA; Montes, BV; Muñoz, JA; Pérez, CM; Pérez-Belmonte, LM; Pérez-Martínez, P; Ramos-Rincón, JM; Ripper, CJ; Rodríguez, BC; Rubio-Rivas, M; Sola, JF; Torres-Peña, JD, 2020) |
| "Metformin is a widely used drug in treating type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance and nowadays scientists are searching for new poten-tial and multiple roles in prevention and treatment of carcinogenic processes." | 1.56 | Metformin and proliferation of cancer cell lines. ( Barg, E; Bodetko, D; Tądel, K; Wiatrak, B, 2020) |
| "Metformin is the drug of choice in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 1.56 | Perioperative management of metformin: is there something new? ( Gregorová, J; Kovačič, M; Linhartová, A; Murínová, I, 2020) |
| "Metformin adherence was initially measured by calculating the proportion of patients who had optimal medication cover for at least 80% of days (defined as a medication possession ratio (MPR) of ≥0." | 1.56 | Metformin adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes and its association with glycated haemoglobin levels. ( Chepulis, L; Keenan, R; Lao, C; Lawrenson, R; Mayo, C; Morison, B; Paul, R, 2020) |
| "Although type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been reported as a risk factor for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the effect of pharmacologic agents used to treat T2DM, such as metformin, on COVID-19 outcomes remains unclear." | 1.56 | Metformin Use in Diabetes Prior to Hospitalization: Effects on Mortality in Covid-19. ( Gongol, B; He, M; Hepokoski, M; Jiang, W; Li, J; Li, WX; Liu, J; Malhotra, A; Marin, T; McCowen, KC; Shyy, JY; Thomas, RL; Wei, Q; Xiong, N; Xiong, W; Yuan, JX, 2020) |
| "In the type II diabetes mellitus, Metformin hydrochloride is recommended as a common FAD approved drug." | 1.56 | Studies on the interaction between HSA and new halogenated metformin derivatives: influence of lipophilic groups in the binding ability. ( C S de Oliveira, CH; Carlos Netto-Ferreira, J; Cesarin-Sobrinho, D; Chaves, OA; Joy, M; Lakshminarayanan, B; Marathakam, A; Mathew, B; Nafna, EK; Najeeb, S; Parambi, DGT; Uddin, MS, 2020) |
| "She had been suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus since the age of 50 years." | 1.56 | Long-term luseogliflozin therapy improves histological activity of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis accompanied by type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Fujimori, N; Horiuchi, A; Joshita, S; Kato, N; Kimura, T; Kuribayashi, N; Matsumoto, A; Sano, K; Sugiura, A; Takahashi, Y; Tanaka, E; Tanaka, N; Umemura, T; Yamazaki, T, 2020) |
| "Because of concomitant type 2 diabetes, all men were treated with metformin (2550-3000 mg daily)." | 1.56 | The Impact of Testosterone on Metformin Action on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis Activity in Men: A Pilot Study. ( Krysiak, R; Okopień, B; Szkróbka, W, 2020) |
| "To compare the incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who were new users of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) versus other classes of antihyperglycemic agents (AHAs)." | 1.51 | Diabetic ketoacidosis in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors versus other antihyperglycemic agents: An observational study of four US administrative claims databases. ( Alba, M; Berlin, JA; DeFalco, F; Freedman, A; Hester, L; Lind, J; Meininger, G; Rosenthal, N; Ryan, PB; Schuemie, MJ; Sun, D; Voss, EA; Wang, L; Weaver, J; Yuan, Z, 2019) |
| " Indicators of clinical quality were defined as the dosage of cumulative oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA), exposure to other pharmacological classes of OHA, hospitalization or urgent visit for hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia, insulin utilization and diagnosis of diabetic complications within 1 year after diagnosis." | 1.51 | Drug price, dosage and safety: Real-world evidence of oral hypoglycemic agents. ( Cheng, SH; Lin, MT; Lin, YS, 2019) |
| "Given the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in HT patients, we investigated the association between metformin therapy and cardiovascular outcomes after HT." | 1.51 | Metformin therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus is associated with a reduced risk of vasculopathy and cardiovascular mortality after heart transplantation. ( Amunts, S; Fisman, EZ; Klempfner, R; Lavee, J; Maor, E; Ovdat, T; Peled, Y; Ram, E; Sternik, L; Tenenbaum, A, 2019) |
| "Metformin is commonly used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 1.51 | Reversible Acute Blindness in Suspected Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis. ( Ham, YR; Jeong, WJ; Oh, SK; Ryu, S; Son, SH; You, YH, 2019) |
| "Overall, 19(29%) patients suffered from vitamin B12 deficiency." | 1.51 | Vitamin B12 status and peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Ashor, AW; Khalaf, KM; Khudhair, MS, 2019) |
| "Metformin use was an independent prognostic factor of overall survival, cancer recurrence, and peritoneal recurrence." | 1.51 | The Effect of Metformin on Prognosis in Patients With Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer Associated With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Jung, YJ; Kim, JH; Lee, HH; Park, CH; Seo, HS, 2019) |
| "The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is expected to rise in the frail elderly population, which will have significant consequences for the health economy." | 1.51 | Pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus in frail elderly patients. ( Muraleedharan, V; Rabindranathnambi, A; Sathyanarayanan, A, 2019) |
| "Metformin can cause serum vitamin B12 deficiency, but studies on the influence of its duration and dose are lacking." | 1.51 | Association between metformin dose and vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Ahn, CW; Fang, S; Kim, J; Lee, HS; Park, JS, 2019) |
| "Metformin is used to treat type 2 diabetes." | 1.51 | Metformin activates KDM2A to reduce rRNA transcription and cell proliferation by dual regulation of AMPK activity and intracellular succinate level. ( Konishi, A; Obinata, H; Tanaka, Y; Tsuneoka, M, 2019) |
| "Despite of good bone mineral density in Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) patients is the fracture risk elevated." | 1.51 | Good long-term glycemic compensation is associated with better trabecular bone score in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. ( Jackuliak, P; Killinger, Z; Kužma, M; Payer, J, 2019) |
| "Although patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may fail to achieve adequate hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) control despite metformin-sulfonylurea (Met-SU) dual therapy, a third-line glucose-lowering medication-including dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i), insulin, or thiazolidinedione (TZD)-can be added to achieve this." | 1.51 | Intensification with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, insulin, or thiazolidinediones and risks of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular diseases, and severe hypoglycemia in patients on metformin-sulfonylurea dual therapy: A retrospective cohort study. ( Chan, EW; Ho, CW; Lam, CLK; Man, KKC; Shi, M; Tse, ETY; Wong, CKH; Wong, ICK, 2019) |
| "Glycemic traits and type 2 diabetes unlikely cause breast and prostate cancer." | 1.51 | Impact of glycemic traits, type 2 diabetes and metformin use on breast and prostate cancer risk: a Mendelian randomization study. ( Au Yeung, SL; Schooling, CM, 2019) |
| "A reduced risk of COPD is observed in metformin users with T2D." | 1.51 | Metformin and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in diabetes patients. ( Tseng, CH, 2019) |
| " The relatively high GDF-15 bioavailability might partly explain the protective cardiovascular effects of metformin." | 1.51 | Metformin is the key factor in elevated plasma growth differentiation factor-15 levels in type 2 diabetes: A nested, case-control study. ( Dove, F; Gates, PE; Goncalves, I; Gooding, K; Khan, F; Looker, HC; Natali, A; Nesti, L; Nilsson, J; Persson, M; Shore, AC; Venturi, E, 2019) |
| "Canagliflozin is a novel drug for diabetes mellitus with the mechanisms of inducing glucosuria through inhibition of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 in the kidney independent of insulin activity." | 1.51 | Metabolic Acidosis in Postsurgical Patient on Canagliflozin and Metformin: A Case Report. ( Darwish, AM, 2019) |
| "Pharmacologically, type 2 diabetes can be treated with 9 different approved classes of drugs, but metformin is suggested as the first line of therapy, followed by sulfonylureas." | 1.51 | Evaluation of the rs3088442 G>A SLC22A3 Gene Polymorphism and the Role of microRNA 147 in Groups of Adult Pakistani Populations With Type 2 Diabetes in Response to Metformin. ( Arif, MA; Kanwal, N; Khalid, S; Masood, N; Moeez, S; Niazi, R; Riaz, S, 2019) |
| "Metformin, the first-line drug to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D), inhibits mitochondrial glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase in the liver to suppress gluconeogenesis." | 1.51 | Metformin increases glucose uptake and acts renoprotectively by reducing SHIP2 activity. ( Berg, M; Dash, SN; Dumont, V; Groop, PH; Hautala, LC; Lehtonen, S; Lindfors, S; Mirtti, T; Naams, JB; Nisen, H; Polianskyte-Prause, Z; Tienari, J; Tolvanen, TA; Van, M; Wähälä, K; Wang, H, 2019) |
| "Type 2 diabetes is associated with increased mortality." | 1.51 | All-cause mortality in patients on sulphonylurea monotherapy compared to metformin monotherapy in a nation-wide cohort. ( Fava, S; Reiff, S, 2019) |
| "Severe hypertriglyceridemia was considered to have been a consequence of impaired insulin action and his apolipoprotein E4/2 phenotype." | 1.51 | Eruptive xanthomas in a patient with soft-drink diabetic ketosis and apolipoprotein E4/2. ( Aiba, S; Imai, J; Katagiri, H; Kikuchi, K; Kohata, M; Kurosawa, S; Nakajima, T; Satake, C; Sawada, S; Takahashi, K; Takeda, K; Tsuchiya, S, 2019) |
| "Metformin treatment increased the levels of butyrylcarnitine and acylcarnitine C18:1 concentrations and decreased the levels of isoleucine concentrations compared to untreated HFD mice." | 1.51 | Metabolomics Based on MS in Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: the Effect of Vildagliptin, Metformin, and Their Combination. ( Bugáňová, M; Haluzík, M; Holubová, M; Kuneš, J; Kuzma, M; Maletínská, L; Pelantová, H; Šedivá, B; Tomášová, P; Železná, B, 2019) |
| "Treatment with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes is associated with enhanced GLO1-activity in atherosclerotic lesions." | 1.51 | Effect of metformin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes with respect to glyoxalase 1 activity in atherosclerotic lesions. ( Böckler, D; Bruckner, T; Fleming, TH; Hakimi, M; Nawroth, PP; Peters, AS; Wortmann, M, 2019) |
| "Metformin was used as positive control." | 1.51 | Eugenol ameliorates insulin resistance, oxidative stress and inflammation in high fat-diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. ( Al-Trad, B; Al-Zoubi, M; Alkhateeb, H; Alsmadi, W, 2019) |
| "Metformin HCl is an oral antihyperglycemic agent belonging to biguanides." | 1.51 | Metformin hydrochloride and wound healing: from nanoformulation to pharmacological evaluation. ( Abdel-Rahman, RF; El-Gamil, MA; El-Ridy, MS; Elsayed, I; Yehia, SA; Younis, MM, 2019) |
| " Many T2D patients are not able to achieve/maintain glycemic control from initial metformin treatment and receive treatment intensification by means of metformin dosage uptitration or addition of a T2D drug." | 1.51 | Comparative Effectiveness of Metformin Dosage Uptitration Versus Adding Another Antihyperglycemic Medication on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Failing Initial Metformin Monotherapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study. ( Liu, TL; Mahabaleshwarkar, R; Mulder, H, 2019) |
| "To examine the incidence of type 2 diabetes in people with newly diagnosed prediabetes and the factors that protect against this progression." | 1.51 | What protects against pre-diabetes progressing to diabetes? Observational study of integrated health and social data. ( Blakely, T; Jansen, R; Krebs, J; Masters-Awatere, B; Oetzel, J; Scott, N; Teng, A, 2019) |
| "Metformin use was statistically significantly associated with higher carotid stiffness as assessed by distensibility coefficient [0." | 1.51 | Metformin use in type 2 diabetic patients is not associated with lower arterial stiffness: the Maastricht Study. ( de Vries, F; Driessen, JHM; Henry, RMA; Kroon, AA; Reesink, KD; Schalkwijk, C; Schaper, N; Schram, MT; Sep, S; Stehouwer, CDA; van den Bergh, JPW; van der Kallen, C; van Onzenoort, HAW, 2019) |
| "Co-treatment of metformin and sorafenib was associated with a survival disadvantage." | 1.51 | Treatment with metformin is associated with a prolonged survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. ( Hinrichs, JB; Ivanyi, P; Kirstein, MM; Koch, S; Manns, MP; Marhenke, S; Pinter, M; Rodt, T; Scheiner, B; Schulte, L; Schweitzer, N; Vogel, A; Voigtländer, T; Weinmann, A, 2019) |
| "Bariatric surgery leads to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remission, but recurrence can ensue afterwards." | 1.51 | Long-term diabetes outcomes after bariatric surgery-managing medication withdrawl. ( Belo, S; Carvalho, D; Freitas, P; Magalhães, D; Neves, JS; Oliveira, SC; Pedro, J; Souteiro, P; Varela, A, 2019) |
| "NAFLD is prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), yet only preliminary evidence are available on the effect of anti-diabetic agents to NAFLD in T2DM patients." | 1.51 | Reply. ( Weng, J, 2019) |
| "Patients with incident type 2 diabetes (T2DM) were identified in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), a database of electronic health records derived from primary care in the UK." | 1.51 | Metformin use and risk of cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cohort study of primary care records using inverse probability weighting of marginal structural models. ( Bhaskaran, K; Chaturvedi, N; Farmer, RE; Ford, D; Kaplan, R; Mathur, R; Smeeth, L, 2019) |
| " Study aims were to, in a cohort of Australians with T2D and renal impairment attending general practice, (1) investigate whether the prescribing of non-insulin diabetes medications is consistent with dosing adjustments recommended within current Australian Diabetes Society (ADS) guidelines; and (2) identify patient socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with at least one prescription of a non-insulin diabetes medication inconsistent with current ADS guidelines for medication doses." | 1.51 | Prescribing of diabetes medications to people with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: a national cross-sectional study. ( Furler, J; Jenkins, A; Kilov, G; Manski-Nankervis, JA; O'Neal, D; Sluggett, JK; Thuraisingam, S, 2019) |
| "Metformin users were less likely to be involved in accident-related events (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0." | 1.51 | Evaluation of Healthy User Effects With Metformin and Other Oral Antihyperglycemia Medication Users in Adult Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. ( Eskin, M; Eurich, DT; Simpson, SH, 2019) |
| "Metformin (MET) is a potential combination drug to elevate anti-TB efficacy." | 1.51 | Metformin induced autophagy in diabetes mellitus - Tuberculosis co-infection patients: A case study. ( Ali, M; Mertaniasih, NM; Novita, BD; Pranoto, A; Soediono, EI, 2019) |
| "To determine the impact of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i) on the risk of major cardiocerebrovascular and renal outcomes compared with sulfonylurea (SU) combined with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes from a population-based cohort." | 1.51 | Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor compared with sulfonylurea in combination with metformin: cardiovascular and renal outcomes in a propensity-matched cohort study. ( An, JH; Bae, JH; Baik, SH; Choi, J; Choi, KM; Kim, HY; Kim, KJ; Kim, NH; Kim, SG; Lee, J; Seo, JA; Yoo, HJ, 2019) |
| "15 obese patients with type 2 diabetes were studied, all using metformin (1-2 g/day) and sulfonylurea (glimiperide)." | 1.51 | Liraglutide exerts an anti-inflammatory action in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Digtiar, NI; Kaidashev, IP; Kaidasheva, EI; Savchenko, LG; Selikhova, LG; Shlykova, OA; Vesnina, LE, 2019) |
| "The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma deriving from metabolic dysfunctions has increased in the last years." | 1.51 | Role of SIRT-3, p-mTOR and HIF-1α in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Affected by Metabolic Dysfunctions and in Chronic Treatment with Metformin. ( Bandini, E; Casadei-Gardini, A; Cascinu, S; Cravero, P; Cucchetti, A; De Matteis, S; Ercolani, G; Faloppi, L; Foschi, FG; Frassineti, GL; Ghetti, M; Gramantieri, L; Granato, AM; La Barba, G; Marisi, G; Santini, D; Scarpi, E; Scartozzi, M; Vespasiani-Gentilucci, U, 2019) |
| "The pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with perturbation of innate immune response." | 1.51 | Analysis of Inflammatory Gene Expression Profile of Peripheral Blood Leukocytes in Type 2 Diabetes. ( Azim, MK; Baloch, AA; Inayat, H, 2019) |
| "Metformin use was associated with decreased odds of developing AMD, independently of the other covariates investigated, with an odds ratio of 0." | 1.51 | The Common Antidiabetic Drug Metformin Reduces Odds of Developing Age-Related Macular Degeneration. ( Ash, JD; Ball, JD; Brown, EE; Chen, Z; Khurshid, GS; Prosperi, M, 2019) |
| " The easy and convenient oncedaily dosing should be customized according to patient needs and glycaemic profiles." | 1.51 | Expert Opinion: Use of sodium glucose co-transporter type-2 inhibitors in South Asian population -The Pakistan perspective. ( Aamir, AH; Ahmad, I; Ishtiaq, O; Islam, N; Jawa, A; Khan, K; Khan, KM; Mahar, SA; Naseer, N; Qureshi, FM; Raza, SA, 2019) |
| "Treatment with metformin did not result in any apparent improvement in time to BF, time to metastasis detection or OS, but there was a 1." | 1.51 | Metformin may offer no protective effect in men undergoing external beam radiation therapy for prostate cancer. ( Baldwin, G; Bolton, D; Ischia, J; Patel, O; Ranasinghe, WKB; Sengupta, S; Shulkes, A; Wetherell, D; Williams, S, 2019) |
| "Metformin users were categorized into 11 groups in terms of length of time between metformin initiation and enrollment." | 1.51 | Metformin and Reduced Risk of Cancer in the Hong Kong Diabetes Registry: Real Effect or Immortal Time Bias? ( Zhang, ZJ, 2019) |
| "Metformin (MET) is used as first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus but has been shown to have pleiotropic effects that have expanded its use to various conditions." | 1.51 | Emerging Trends in Metformin Prescribing in the United States from 2000 to 2015. ( Le, S; Lee, GC, 2019) |
| "A total of 610,089 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients with 2 or more times of prescription of antidiabetic drugs during 1999-2009 were enrolled from Taiwan's National Health Insurance database." | 1.51 | Metformin is associated with a lower risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Tseng, CH, 2019) |
| "A rodent model of type 2 diabetes (30 mg/kg streptozotocin and high-fat feeding in male Sprague-Dawley rats) was used to assess 12 weeks of co-treatment with a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) and exercise (EX; treadmill running) on glycemic control and exercise capacity." | 1.51 | The combination of exercise training and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibition improves glucose tolerance and exercise capacity in a rodent model of type 2 diabetes. ( Beebe, DA; Braun, B; Esler, WP; Gorgoglione, MF; Hamilton, KL; Linden, MA; Miller, BF; Ross, TT, 2019) |
| "Metformin use was independently associated with increased risks of ESRD (adjusted hazard ratio, 1." | 1.51 | Association of Metformin Use With End-Stage Renal Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Cohort Study Under the Pay-for-Performance Program. ( Chang, CH; Chang, LY; Chen, SM; Lee, CH; Lee, MC; Lee, MR; Wang, JY; Zhang, JF, 2019) |
| "Metformin was most often chosen as the first treatment, prescribed to 85." | 1.51 | Initial Therapeutic Choices for Type 2 Diabetes in the Portuguese Sentinel Practice Network. ( Nunes, B; Pinto, D; Rodrigues, AP, 2019) |
| "Metformin usage was independently associated with lower CAC scores in T2DM patients." | 1.51 | Association between Metformin Use and Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. ( Cai, Z; Chen, Z; Lu, Y; Sun, X; Wang, Y; Wei, J; Weng, T; Xiang, M, 2019) |
| "The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) continues to rise across the world." | 1.51 | Metformin overdose: A serious iatrogenic complication-Western France Poison Control Centre Data Analysis. ( Boels, D; Hadjadj, S; Hamel, JF; Stevens, A; Toure, A, 2019) |
| "Metformin promotes a survival benefit in individuals with PPDM but not PCRD." | 1.51 | Antidiabetic Medications and Mortality Risk in Individuals With Pancreatic Cancer-Related Diabetes and Postpancreatitis Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study. ( Cho, J; Goodarzi, MO; Pandol, SJ; Petrov, MS; Scragg, R, 2019) |
| "The incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in children has increased dramatically." | 1.51 | Glycemic control and lipid outcomes in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes. ( Ashraf, AP; Aslibekyan, S; Barr, MM, 2019) |
| "The simulation of type 2 diabetes on the background of obesity in the animals has led to the development of signs of insulin's inhibition of insulin producing apparatus - some different expressions of dystrophy and degeneration of the β-cells." | 1.51 | MODERN ASPECTS OF SUGAR-REDUCING EFFECT OF THICK BEAN EXTRACT BASED ON A TYPE II DIABETES MODEL ON THE BACKGROUND OF OBESITY. ( Derkach, N; Korol, V; Rybak, V, 2019) |
| "To investigate whether curative prostate cancer (PCa) treatment was received less often by men with both PCa and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as little is known about the influence of T2DM diagnosis on the receipt of such treatment in men with localized PCa." | 1.48 | Association between type 2 diabetes, curative treatment and survival in men with intermediate- and high-risk localized prostate cancer. ( Adolfsson, J; Crawley, D; Garmo, H; Holmberg, L; Rudman, S; Stattin, P; Van Hemelrijck, M; Zethelius, B, 2018) |
| "Vildagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor commonly used as a dual oral agent with metformin, thiazolidinediones, or sulfonylurea for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 1.48 | Effectiveness of vildagliptin as add-on to metformin monotherapy among uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in a real-world setting. ( Chodick, G; Davis, C; Melzer Cohen, C; Shalev, V, 2018) |
| "Since type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with oxidative stress and metformin has been shown to exert a protective role against the said stress, we wondered whether metformin treatment might also modulate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy in leukocytes of T2D patients." | 1.48 | Does Metformin Modulate Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy in Type 2 Diabetic Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells? ( Bañuls, C; Diaz-Morales, N; Escribano-Lopez, I; Hernandez-Mijares, A; Iannantuoni, F; Rocha, M; Rovira-Llopis, S; Sola, E; Victor, VM, 2018) |
| "5." | 1.48 | Changes in CYP2D enzyme activity following induction of type 2 diabetes, and administration of cinnamon and metformin: an experimental animal study. ( Ardakani, YH; Kasirzadeh, S; Lavasani, H; Rouini, MR; Sheikholeslami, B; Taheri, A, 2018) |
| "Metformin treatment did not increase the serum METRL levels after 12 weeks." | 1.48 | Serum Meteorin-like protein levels decreased in patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. ( Choung, S; Joung, KH; Kang, YE; Kim, HJ; Kim, JM; Ku, BJ; Lee, JH, 2018) |
| "Metformin treatment is associated with a decrease of serum vitamin B12, but whether this reflects tissue B12 deficiency is controversial." | 1.48 | Long-term treatment with metformin in type 2 diabetes and methylmalonic acid: Post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled 4.3year trial. ( Kooy, A; Lehert, P; Out, M; Schalkwijk, CA; Stehouwer, CDA, 2018) |
| "For patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD), high-quality evidence about the relative benefits and harms of oral glucose-lowering drugs is limited." | 1.48 | Mortality Associated with Metformin Versus Sulfonylurea Initiation: A Cohort Study of Veterans with Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease. ( Boyko, EJ; de Boer, IH; Floyd, JS; Forsberg, CW; Marcum, ZA; Moore, KP; Smith, NL, 2018) |
| "To evaluate skin cancer risk associated with metformin use." | 1.48 | Metformin is associated with decreased skin cancer risk in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Tseng, CH, 2018) |
| "Metformin was found to reduce elevated serum thyrotropin levels, and this effect was partially determined by endogenous dopaminergic tone." | 1.48 | Effect of Metformin on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis Activity in Elderly Antipsychotic-Treated Women With Type 2 Diabetes and Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Preliminary Study. ( Krysiak, R; Okopień, B; Szkróbka, W, 2018) |
| " In multivariate analysis, the initial 2-year dosage of metformin, but not that of the sulfonylureas, was an independent predictor of TB (60-cDDD increase (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0." | 1.48 | The Risk of TB in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Initiating Metformin vs Sulfonylurea Treatment. ( Chan, YJ; Chuang, PH; Feng, JY; Kou, YR; Pan, SW; Su, VY; Su, WJ; Yen, YF, 2018) |
| "Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and hepatic overproduction of glucose and lipids." | 1.48 | Coordinated regulation of hepatic FoxO1, PGC-1α and SREBP-1c facilitates insulin action and resistance. ( Cleland, C; Farese, RV; Foufelle, F; Lee, MC; Sajan, J; Sajan, MP, 2018) |
| "Metformin has been shown to have favorable effects on the course of heart failure in experimental models." | 1.48 | Is metformin beneficial for heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes? ( Packer, M, 2018) |
| "First, in the dose-finding study, the appropriate daily dosing schedules were 1,500 mg (0." | 1.48 | Metformin Treatment in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 3A, 3B, or 4. ( Belpaire, F; Bennis, Y; De Broe, ME; Hurtel-Lemaire, AS; Kajbaf, F; Lalau, JD, 2018) |
| "The global type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) epidemic threatens progress made in reducing tuberculosis (TB)-related mortality worldwide." | 1.48 | Metformin Use Reverses the Increased Mortality Associated With Diabetes Mellitus During Tuberculosis Treatment. ( Degner, NR; Golub, JE; Karakousis, PC; Wang, JY, 2018) |
| "Metformin was associated with a lower failure risk than were sulfonylureas and meglitinides, but a comparable aGI failure rate." | 1.48 | Failure of monotherapy in clinical practice in patients with type 2 diabetes: The Korean National Diabetes Program. ( Ahn, KJ; Baik, SH; Han, SJ; Jeon, JY; Kim, DJ; Kim, HJ; Kim, SJ; Kim, YS; Lee, KW; Lee, S; Lee, SJ; Nam, M; Park, Y; Woo, JT, 2018) |
| "Metformin was cost-effective relative to no intervention (£5224/QALY, £6842/QALY and £372/QALY in IGT, IFG and HbA1c, respectively), but was only cost-effective relative to other treatments in participants identified with HbA1c." | 1.48 | Economic evaluation of type 2 diabetes prevention programmes: Markov model of low- and high-intensity lifestyle programmes and metformin in participants with different categories of intermediate hyperglycaemia. ( Adler, A; Craig, D; Greenhalgh, T; McPherson, K; Roberts, S, 2018) |
| "The metformin+DPP-4i treatment pathway was cost-effective compared to metformin+SU as a long-term second-line therapy in the treatment of T2D from the US health care payer perspective." | 1.48 | Cost-effectiveness analysis of metformin+dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors compared to metformin+sulfonylureas for treatment of type 2 diabetes. ( Kwon, CS; Rodriguez-Monguio, R; Seoane-Vazquez, E, 2018) |
| "Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an intractable digestive organ cancer that has proven difficult to treat despite multidisciplinary therapy, and a new treatment strategy is demanded." | 1.48 | Antitumor effects of metformin are a result of inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B nuclear translocation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. ( Akimoto, AK; Akutsu, Y; Hanari, N; Hoshino, I; Iida, K; Kano, M; Matsubara, H; Matsumoto, Y; Murakami, K; Okada, K; Otsuka, R; Sakata, H; Sekino, N; Shiraishi, T; Takahashi, M; Toyozumi, T; Yokoyama, M, 2018) |
| "Assessment of the impact of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and metformin use on vitamin B12 (VB12) associated biomarkers and their suitability to represent VB12 supply." | 1.48 | Impact of type 2 Diabetes and Metformin use on Vitamin B12 Associated Biomarkers - an Observational Study. ( Hersberger, KE; Metaxas, C; Rudofsky, G; Walter, PN; Zurwerra, C, 2018) |
| "In all, 303 women were diagnosed with ovarian cancer during the follow up." | 1.48 | The role of metformin and statins in the incidence of epithelial ovarian cancer in type 2 diabetes: a cohort and nested case-control study. ( Arffman, M; Arima, R; Hautakoski, A; Hinkula, M; Ilanne-Parikka, P; Kangaskokko, J; Läärä, E; Marttila, M; Puistola, U; Sund, R; Urpilainen, E, 2018) |
| "Type 2 diabetes is associated with higher pulse pressure." | 1.48 | Pulse pressure and diabetes treatments: Blood pressure and pulse pressure difference among glucose lowering modality groups in type 2 diabetes. ( Alemi, H; Esteghamati, A; Khaloo, P; Mansournia, MA; Meftah, N; Mirmiranpour, H; Nakhjavani, M; Rabizadeh, S; Salehi, SS, 2018) |
| "Metformin treatment has been associated with a reduced risk of developing cancer, but whether metformin influences the risk of recurrence is unknown." | 1.48 | Association between metformin use after surgery for colorectal cancer and oncological outcomes: A nationwide register-based study. ( Fransgaard, T; Gögenur, I; Thygesen, LC, 2018) |
| "The association between cancer incidence and the use of antidiabetic medications in patients with T2DM has been recently examined." | 1.48 | Metformin reduces the risk of cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes: An analysis based on the Korean National Diabetes Program Cohort. ( Ahn, KJ; Baik, SH; Chun, KH; Han, SJ; Jeon, JY; Kim, DJ; Kim, HJ; Kim, YS; Lee, KW; Lee, S; Nam, MS; Woo, JT, 2018) |
| "Metformin is a very frequently prescribed drug used to treat type II diabetes." | 1.48 | Metformin influences drug sensitivity in pancreatic cancer cells. ( Abrams, SL; Candido, S; Cervello, M; Cocco, L; Follo, MY; Gizak, A; Lertpiriyapong, K; Libra, M; Lombardi, P; Martelli, AM; McCubrey, JA; Montalto, G; Murata, RM; Rakus, D; Ratti, S; Rosalen, PL; Steelman, L; Suh, PG, 2018) |
| "Metformin continuation was inversely associated with age (fully adjusted (a) OR 0." | 1.48 | Changes in metformin use and other antihyperglycemic therapies after insulin initiation in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Clark, JM; Dotimas, JR; Maruthur, NM; Pilla, SJ; Yeh, HC, 2018) |
| "Metformin was found to decrease serum levels of prolactin and thyrotropin." | 1.48 | The Effect of Metformin on Serum Gonadotropin Levels in Postmenopausal Women with Diabetes and Prediabetes: A Pilot Study. ( Krysiak, R; Okopień, B; Szkróbka, W, 2018) |
| " To describe a concentration range in clinical samples after chronic use of metformin, metformin serum concentrations were determined in serum samples of 95 diabetic patients receiving daily doses of 500mg-3000mg of metformin." | 1.48 | Range of therapeutic metformin concentrations in clinical blood samples and comparison to a forensic case with death due to lactic acidosis. ( Hess, C; Madea, B; Stratmann, B; Tschoepe, D; Unger, M, 2018) |
| " In the cross-sectional analysis, the distribution of CKD stages and the appropriate dosage of metformin and DPP-4i in 2013 was examined according to renal function among T2DM patients." | 1.48 | Dose adjustment of metformin and dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitors in diabetic patients with renal dysfunction. ( Azuri, J; Chodick, G; Karasik, A; Leuschner, PJ; Melzer-Cohen, C; Shalev, V, 2018) |
| "Metformin was associated with increased PFS of patients receiving somatostatin analogues and in those receiving everolimus, with or without somatostatin analogues." | 1.48 | Metformin Use Is Associated With Longer Progression-Free Survival of Patients With Diabetes and Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors Receiving Everolimus and/or Somatostatin Analogues. ( Antonuzzo, L; Aroldi, F; Bajetta, E; Berardi, R; Bongiovanni, A; Brighi, N; Brizzi, MP; Buzzoni, R; Campana, D; Carnaghi, C; Catena, L; Cauchi, C; Cavalcoli, F; Cingarlini, S; Colao, A; Concas, L; Davì, MV; de Braud, F; De Divitiis, C; Delle Fave, G; Di Costanzo, F; Di Maio, M; Duro, M; Ermacora, P; Faggiano, A; Fazio, N; Femia, D; Fontana, A; Garattini, SK; Giacomelli, L; Giuffrida, D; Ibrahim, T; La Salvia, A; Lo Russo, G; Marconcini, R; Massironi, S; Mazzaferro, V; Milione, M; Ortolani, S; Panzuto, F; Perfetti, V; Prinzi, N; Puliafito, I; Pusceddu, S; Razzore, P; Ricci, S; Rinzivillo, M; Spada, F; Tafuto, S; Torniai, M; Vernieri, C; Zaniboni, A, 2018) |
| "Metformin was changed to ipraglifl (25mg/day)." | 1.48 | Recovery from Diabetic Macular Edema in a Diabetic Patient After Minimal Dose of a Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitor. ( Ejima, T; Nagao, T; Wakisaka, M; Yoshizumi, H, 2018) |
| "We found that metformin could suppress cervical cancer migration and invasion." | 1.48 | Metformin, a first-line drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus, disrupts the MALAT1/miR-142-3p sponge to decrease invasion and migration in cervical cancer cells. ( Chen, J; Chen, R; He, Z; Liang, S; Xia, C; Zhu, X, 2018) |
| "Metformin has anticancer effects, but whether it can reduce the risk of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is not known." | 1.48 | Metformin and risk of developing nasopharyngeal cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Tseng, CH, 2018) |
| "Obesity-driven Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a systemic inflammatory condition associated with cardiovascular disease." | 1.48 | Inflammatory signatures distinguish metabolic health in African American women with obesity. ( Andrieu, G; Bertrand, KA; Denis, GV; Medina, ND; Palmer, JR; Sebastiani, P; Slama, J; Strissel, KJ; Tran, AH, 2018) |
| "Men with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity are often characterised by low testosterone (T)." | 1.48 | Short-term combined treatment with exenatide and metformin is superior to glimepiride combined metformin in improvement of serum testosterone levels in type 2 diabetic patients with obesity. ( Hao, M; Kuang, HY; Li, BW; Ma, XF; Pan, J; Shao, N; Wu, WH; Yu, XY; Yu, YM; Zhang, HJ, 2018) |
| "0%, change in body weight at 12 and 24 weeks, change in HbA1c by sub-groups (baseline HbA1c, age, body mass index [BMI], dosage strength, co-morbidities) from baseline to week 24, and safety." | 1.48 | Initial combination therapy with vildagliptin plus metformin in drug-naïve patients with T2DM: a 24-week real-life study from Asia. ( Chawla, M; Cooke, K; Faruque, P; Hours-Zesiger, P; Kim, TH; Mirasol, RC; Shete, A, 2018) |
| "Metformin users were categorized into lowest, middle, and highest tertiles according to cumulative dose or duration of metformin therapy." | 1.48 | Protective Effect of Metformin Against Thyroid Cancer Development: A Population-Based Study in Korea. ( Cho, YY; Chung, JH; Hahm, JR; Jung, JH; Kang, MJ; Kim, SK; Kim, SW; Kim, TH; Lee, BW; Lee, YH; Nam, JY; Song, SO, 2018) |
| "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are common comorbidities." | 1.48 | Type 2 diabetes: A protective factor for COPD? ( Correa, A; Creagh-Brown, B; de Lusignan, S; Gatenby, P; McGovern, AP; Rayner, LH; Sherlock, J, 2018) |
| "Dapagliflozin is effective and safe in patients with T2D also receiving metformin." | 1.48 | Efficacy and Renal Safety of Dapagliflozin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Also Receiving Metformin: A Real-Life Experience. ( Aiello, V; Brancato, D; Di Noto, A; Fleres, M; Provenzano, F; Provenzano, V; Saura, G; Scorsone, A; Spano, L, 2018) |
| "Type 2 diabetes is an endocrine disorder characterized with hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance." | 1.48 | Unusual shape and structure of lymphocyte nuclei is linked to hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes patients. ( Bumbasirevic, V; Ciric, D; Despotovic, S; Djuricic, D; Kravic-Stevovic, T; Lalic, I; Lalic, K; Martinovic, T; Pantic, I; Rasulic, I, 2018) |
| "To analyze the efficacy and safety of replacing sitagliptin with canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and poor metabolic control despite treatment with sitagliptin in combination with metformin and/or gliclazide." | 1.48 | Efficacy and safety of replacing sitagliptin with canagliflozin in real-world patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled with sitagliptin combined with metformin and/or gliclazide: The SITA-CANA Switch Study. ( Garcia de Lucas, MD; Gómez Huelgas, R; Olalla Sierra, J; Pérez Belmonte, LM; Suárez Tembra, M, 2018) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have an increased risk of fragility fractures, to which antidiabetic therapies may contribute." | 1.48 | Real-world antidiabetic drug use and fracture risk in 12,277 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a nested case-control study. ( Ali, MS; Díez-Pérez, A; Losada, E; Martínez-Laguna, D; Mauricio, D; Nogués, X; Prieto-Alhambra, D; Puig-Domingo, M; Soldevila, B, 2018) |
| "Metformin treatment in patients with different degrees of HF and T2DM is associated with a reduction in mortality and does not affect the hospitalisation rate." | 1.48 | The influence of metformin and the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus on mortality and hospitalisation in patients with heart failure. ( Crespo-Leiro, M; Drożdż, J; Drzewoski, J; Jankowska, E; Kosmalski, M; Maggioni, A; Opolski, G; Poloński, L; Ponikowski, P; Retwiński, A, 2018) |
| "Metformin was associated with an increased risk of MCI (subhazard ratio (SHR) = 2." | 1.48 | Association of antidiabetic medication use, cognitive decline, and risk of cognitive impairment in older people with type 2 diabetes: Results from the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging. ( Edwards, K; Hagen, CE; Knopman, DS; Machulda, MM; Mielke, MM; Petersen, RC; Roberts, RO; Wennberg, AMV, 2018) |
| "HFD successfully induces gallstone (4 out of 4 of the HFD members)." | 1.48 | Metformin treatment prevents gallstone formation but mimics porcelain gallbladder in C57Bl/6 mice. ( Dehghanian, A; Dorvash, MR; Firouzabadi, N; Khoshnood, MJ; Mosaddeghi, P; Saber, H, 2018) |
| "The present study proposes a role of SLC22A2 rs316019 and SLC47A2 rs12943590 in the pharmacokinetic action of metformin." | 1.48 | Implication of critical pharmacokinetic gene variants on therapeutic response to metformin in Type 2 diabetes. ( Adhikari, P; D'Souza, SC; Kakar, A; Nagri, SK; Phani, NM; Rai, PS; Satyamoorthy, K; Umakanth, S; Vohra, M, 2018) |
| "The management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is complex." | 1.48 | Interrogation of a longitudinal, national pharmacy claims dataset to explore factors that predict the need for add-on therapy in older and socioeconomically disadvantaged Australians with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (T2DM). ( Cronin, P; Day, RO; Greenfield, JR; Kumar, SS; McManus, H; Radovich, T; Viardot, A; Williams, KM, 2018) |
| "Metformin use in veterans with prostate cancer who receive androgen deprivation therapy is associated with improved oncologic outcomes." | 1.48 | Metformin Use is Associated with Improved Survival for Patients with Advanced Prostate Cancer on Androgen Deprivation Therapy. ( Abel, EJ; Cryns, VL; Downs, TM; Jarrard, DF; Liou, JI; Richards, KA, 2018) |
| "Metformin is a first-line medication for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 1.48 | A Pharmacometabolomic Approach to Predict Response to Metformin in Early-Phase Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. ( Gu, N; Jeong, GH; Lee, IK; Liu, KH; Park, JE; Shin, KH; Yoon, YR, 2018) |
| "Pretreatment with liraglutide in diabetic and non-diabetic animals reduced infarct size as compared to controls, while only non-diabetic liraglutide-treated rats presented neurologic deficit decreases." | 1.48 | Neuroprotective effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist is independent of glycaemia normalization in type two diabetic rats. ( Chefu, S; Filchenko, I; Kolpakova, M; Simanenkova, A; Vlasov, T, 2018) |
| " Our objective was to assess reasons for metformin non-persistence, and whether initial metformin dosing or use of extended release (ER) formulations affect persistence to metformin therapy." | 1.48 | Identifying prevalence and risk factors for metformin non-persistence: a retrospective cohort study using an electronic health record. ( Flory, JH; Keating, SJ; Mushlin, AI; Siscovick, D, 2018) |
| "We assessed the prognosis of ovarian cancer in women with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin, other forms of antidiabetic medication, or statins." | 1.48 | Prognosis of ovarian cancer in women with type 2 diabetes using metformin and other forms of antidiabetic medication or statins: a retrospective cohort study. ( Arffman, M; Arima, R; Hautakoski, A; Hinkula, M; Ilanne-Parikka, P; Kangaskokko, J; Läärä, E; Marttila, M; Puistola, U; Sund, R; Urpilainen, E, 2018) |
| "Guidelines for the use of drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have changed since 2000, and new classes of drug have been introduced." | 1.48 | Changing use of antidiabetic drugs in the UK: trends in prescribing 2000-2017. ( Douglas, I; Fogarty, D; Pokrajac, A; Smeeth, L; Stirnadel-Farrant, H; Tomlinson, L; Wilkinson, S, 2018) |
| "Women with type 2 diabetes have a higher risk of developing breast cancer." | 1.48 | Chinese herbal products and the reduction of risk of breast cancer among females with type 2 diabetes in Taiwan: A case-control study. ( Fu, SL; Lai, JN; Lin, JG; Tsai, YT; Wu, CT, 2018) |
| "Metformin treatment increased the number of structural defects of the myelin sheet surrounding these fibers in already affected nerves of HFD fed mice, and simvastatin treatment reduced these numbers to the levels seen in control mice." | 1.48 | Metformin exacerbates and simvastatin attenuates myelin damage in high fat diet-fed C57BL/6 J mice. ( Bumbasirevic, V; Ciric, D; Kravic-Stevovic, T; Martinovic, T; Petricevic, S; Trajkovic, V, 2018) |
| "BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is considered one of the lethal cancers responsible for high mortality and morbidity across the world." | 1.48 | Anticancer Activity of Metformin, an Antidiabetic Drug, Against Ovarian Cancer Cells Involves Inhibition of Cysteine-Rich 61 (Cyr61)/Akt/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Signaling Pathway. ( Chen, H; Du, J; Wang, B; Yang, L; Zhang, F, 2018) |
| "Give a sulfonylurea to patients with type 2 diabetes who do not achieve glycemic control with metformin alone or who have contraindications to metformin (strong recommendation, moderate-quality evidence)." | 1.48 | Medicines for Treatment Intensification in Type 2 Diabetes and Type of Insulin in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in Low-Resource Settings: Synopsis of the World Health Organization Guidelines on Second- and Third-Line Medicines and Type of Insulin for the Con ( Norris, SL; Roglic, G, 2018) |
| "To compare the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency and peripheral neuropathy between two groups of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients treated with or without metformin, and to determine factors associated with vitamin B12 deficiency therapy and dietary intake of vitamin B12." | 1.48 | The association of metformin use with vitamin B12 deficiency and peripheral neuropathy in Saudi individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Abdelhay, O; Abuhaimed, SN; Al-Asmari, AK; AlHarbi, NG; Alharbi, TJ; Alkhashan, HI; AlRasheed, AN; Bin Rsheed, AM; Mohammed, N; Tourkmani, AM, 2018) |
| "Metformin use was independently associated with a lower risk of incident TB (hazard ratio [HR]: 0." | 1.48 | Metformin use is associated with a low risk of tuberculosis among newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus patients with normal renal function: A nationwide cohort study with validated diagnostic criteria. ( Chang, CH; Chen, SM; Chiang, CY; Ho, CM; Lee, CH; Lee, MC; Wang, JY, 2018) |
| "Total 193 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were registered for a single centre, cross-sectional study." | 1.48 | The Influence of Metformin on Serum Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. ( Agrawal, R; Agrawal, RP; Ankit, BS; Chahar, C; Gadhwal, A, 2018) |
| "The objective of the present study was to develop a population pharmacodynamic (PPD) model to describe the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)-lowering effects of metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without secondary failure and to characterize changes in HbA1c levels in the two subpopulations using a mixture model." | 1.48 | Characterization of changes in HbA1c in patients with and without secondary failure after metformin treatments by a population pharmacodynamic analysis using mixture models. ( Fukae, M; Hirota, T; Ieiri, I; Kakara, M; Kashihara, Y; Kinoshita, R; Maema, K; Muraki, S; Tamaki, Y, 2018) |
| "In the present study, type 2 diabetes was induced in male Goto‑Kakizaki (GK) rats fed with high‑fat diet (HFD)." | 1.48 | Apelin‑13 ameliorates metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in a rat model of type 2 diabetes with a high‑fat diet. ( Fang, H; Hu, J; Li, M, 2018) |
| "Metformin is a first-line glucose-lowering agent in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D)." | 1.48 | A Gut Feeling for Metformin. ( Cherney, DZI; Lam, TKT, 2018) |
| "Diabetic ketoacidosis has been described as a rare complication of acromegaly and may be observed in 1% of affected patients." | 1.46 | Rapid Onset of Diabetic Ketoacidosis After SGLT2 Inhibition in a Patient With Unrecognized Acromegaly. ( Bilz, S; Brändle, M; Fournier, JY; Quarella, M; Walser, D, 2017) |
| "Metformin was the most common initial treatment in all countries." | 1.46 | Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treatment Patterns Across Europe: A Population-based Multi-database Study. ( Bezemer, ID; Bianchini, E; Blin, P; Hall, GC; Hammar, N; Heintjes, EM; Herings, RMC; Lapi, F; Lassalle, R; Overbeek, JA; Prieto-Alhambra, D, 2017) |
| "Metformin was not associated with a decreased rate of viral associated cancer (HR: 0." | 1.46 | Metformin and the incidence of viral associated cancers in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Azoulay, L; Brassard, P; Hicks, BM; Sinyavskaya, L; Suissa, S; Yin, H, 2017) |
| "Obesity is a major cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in mammals." | 1.46 | Development of a Novel Zebrafish Model for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Nishimura, N; Shimada, Y; Zang, L, 2017) |
| "Several new medications for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have been introduced, including dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1) agonists." | 1.46 | Geographical variation in anti-diabetic prescribing in Ireland in 2013 and 2014: a cross-sectional analysis. ( Bennett, K; Fahey, T; Murphy, ME; Smith, SM, 2017) |
| "Metformin has been introduced for treatment of type 2 diabetes but may also have ergogenic properties at high altitude by improving muscle glycogen repletion." | 1.46 | Metformin for high-altitude performance? ( Burtscher, M, 2017) |
| "Metformin has been widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes." | 1.46 | Effects of metformin on compensatory pancreatic β-cell hyperplasia in mice fed a high-fat diet. ( Kyohara, M; Okuyama, T; Shirakawa, J; Tajima, K; Terauchi, Y; Togashi, Y; Yamazaki, S, 2017) |
| " This study aims to investigate the implications of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on the pharmacokinetics of carvedilol enantiomers using an integrated population pharmacokinetic modelling approach." | 1.46 | Population pharmacokinetics of carvedilol enantiomers and their metabolites in healthy subjects and type-2 diabetes patients. ( Coelho, EB; Della Pasqua, O; Lanchote, VL; Nardotto, GHB, 2017) |
| "In total, 363 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were evaluated, with a mean age of 62." | 1.46 | Effectiveness and clinical inertia in patients with antidiabetic therapy. ( Machado-Alba, JE; Machado-Duque, ME; Ramírez-Riveros, AC, 2017) |
| "Metformin is a common oral treatment for those with diabetes." | 1.46 | Does metformin protect against osteoarthritis? An electronic health record cohort study. ( Barnett, LA; Edwards, JJ; Jordan, KP; van der Windt, DA, 2017) |
| "We enrolled 176 individuals with type 2 diabetes, which were divided into four treatment groups according to different oral drugs: metformin alone, sitagliptin alone, pioglitazone alone, or combination of metformin and sitagliptin." | 1.46 | Comparison of Antidiabetic Medications during the Treatment of Atherosclerosis in T2DM Patients. ( Chen, W; Liu, X; Mei, T; Ye, S, 2017) |
| "The primary endpoint was changes in bone resorption markers after three months." | 1.46 | The Effects of Pioglitazone on Bone Formation and Resorption Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Mori, H; Okada, Y; Tanaka, Y, 2017) |
| " The effects of exposure duration and dosage on dementia and PD occurrence were also observed." | 1.46 | Effects of metformin exposure on neurodegenerative diseases in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Hu, CJ; Huang, KW; Kao, CH; Kuan, YC; Lin, CL, 2017) |
| "Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic agent frequently used in patients with type 2 diabetes." | 1.46 | Influence of Plantago ovata husk (dietary fiber) on the bioavailability and other pharmacokinetic parameters of metformin in diabetic rabbits. ( Diez, MJ; Díez, R; Fernández, N; García, JJ; Sahagun, AM; Sierra, M, 2017) |
| "Insulin resistance was assessed by 3-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)." | 1.46 | Metabolic and androgen profile in underweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome. ( Anastasiou, OE; Canbay, A; Fuhrer, D; Reger-Tan, S, 2017) |
| "Bringing patients with type 2 diabetes to recommended glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) treatment targets can reduce the risk of developing diabetes-related complications." | 1.46 | Evaluating the short-term cost-effectiveness of liraglutide versus lixisenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes in the United States. ( Dang-Tan, T; Gamble, C; Hunt, B; McConnachie, CC, 2017) |
| "Metformin therapy was prescribed in 190 (81%) patients." | 1.46 | Metformin use associated with lower risk of cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. ( Gušić, E; Kulo Ćesić, A; Kusturica, J; Maleškić, S; Rakanović-Todić, M; Šečić, D, 2017) |
| " Two control dosing algorithms were included for comparison: no insulin lispro (basal insulin+metformin only) or insulin lispro with fixed doses without titration." | 1.46 | Simulation-Based Evaluation of Dose-Titration Algorithms for Rapid-Acting Insulin in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Inadequately Controlled on Basal Insulin and Oral Antihyperglycemic Medications. ( Chien, JY; Johnson, J; Ma, X; Malone, J; Sinha, V, 2017) |
| "Early type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) may only require lifestyle modifications for glycemic control without the need for oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs)." | 1.46 | Metformin is associated with fewer major adverse cardiac events among patients with a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A propensity score-matched nationwide study. ( Chang, SH; Kuo, CT; Lee, CH; Lee, KT; Liu, JR; See, LC; Wen, MS; Wu, LS; Yeh, YH, 2017) |
| "Insulin resistance was by Homeostasis model assessment." | 1.46 | Association of divalent cations and insulin resistance with thyroid hormones in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Gopal, N; Jayanthi, R; Ramaswamy, R; Srinivasan, AR, 2017) |
| "Metformin was less commonly prescribed in for-profit hospitals (adjusted OR: 1." | 1.46 | Prescription trends and the selection of initial oral antidiabetic agents for patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a nationwide study. ( Chang, CH; Chen, ST; Chuang, LM; Lai, MS; Liu, CH, 2017) |
| "Evidence indicates that type 2 diabetes may stimulate the initiation and progression of several types of cancer." | 1.46 | Continuous use of metformin can improve survival in type 2 diabetic patients with ovarian cancer: A retrospective study. ( Jia, YM; Lei, KJ; Liu, JP; Wang, SB, 2017) |
| "Metformin was rediscovered in the search for antimalarial agents in the 1940s and, during clinical tests, proved useful to treat influenza when it sometimes lowered blood glucose." | 1.46 | Metformin: historical overview. ( Bailey, CJ, 2017) |
| "Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic agent used in the type 2 diabetes, whose poor bioavailability and short half-life make the development of effective extended-release formulations highly desirable." | 1.46 | Calcium alginate microspheres containing metformin hydrochloride niosomes and chitosomes aimed for oral therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Cózar-Bernal, MJ; Di Cesare Mannelli, L; Ghelardini, C; González-Rodríguez, ML; Maestrelli, F; Mura, P; Rabasco, AM, 2017) |
| "Metformin treatment was associated with decreased NGAL [60." | 1.46 | Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) is elevated in type 2 diabetics with carotid artery stenosis and reduced under metformin treatment. ( Demyanets, S; Eilenberg, W; Huk, I; Kaider, A; Kozakowski, N; Nanobachvili, J; Neumayer, C; Piechota-Polanczyk, A; Stojkovic, S; Weninger, WJ; Wojta, J, 2017) |
| "Metformin, first line medication in the treatment of type2 diabetes by millions of patients worldwide, causes gastrointestinal adverse effects (i." | 1.46 | "Metformin-resistant" folic acid producing probiotics or folic acid against metformin's adverse effects like diarrhea. ( Olgun, A, 2017) |
| "Comorbid depression was induced by five inescapable foot-shocks (2mA, 2ms duration) at 10s intervals on days 1, 5, 7, and 10." | 1.46 | Metformin and ascorbic acid combination therapy ameliorates type 2 diabetes mellitus and comorbid depression in rats. ( Kumar, M; Nayak, PK; Shivavedi, N; Tej, GNVC, 2017) |
| "In a patient with type 2 diabetes not well controlled with a basal insulin - metformin combination, several therapeutic options may be considered: intensifying insulin therapy with different schemes (appropriate titration using a more favourable basal insulin analogue, adding one, two or three rapid-acting insulin analogues, shift to two or three premix insulin injections), adding a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (gliptin) or an inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporters type 2 (gliflozin), or combining a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist with basal insulin." | 1.46 | [Therapeutic options for a type 2 diabetic patient not well controlled with metformin plus basal insulin]. ( Paquot, N; Scheen, AJ, 2017) |
| "Both diabetes mellitus (DM) and cancer are common diseases and they frequently occur in the same patients." | 1.46 | Risk of Cause-Specific Death in Individuals with Cancer-Modifying Role Diabetes, Statins and Metformin. ( Auvinen, A; Haukka, J; Niskanen, L, 2017) |
| "Current evidence linking vitamin B12 deficiency with metformin use is inconsistent." | 1.46 | Metformin Use and Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Untangling the Association. ( Elizondo-Plazas, A; González-González, JG; González-Velázquez, C; Montes-Villarreal, J; Rodríguez-Gutiérrez, R; Rodríguez-Velver, KV; Salcido-Montenegro, A, 2017) |
| "(2017) provides evidence that the type 2 diabetes drug metformin alters the gut microbiota, which in turn may mediate some of the drug's effects." | 1.46 | Meds Modify Microbiome, Mediating Their Effects. ( Koropatkin, NM; Martens, EC, 2017) |
| "On examination, he was afebrile and hemodynamically stable." | 1.46 | Fournier's gangrene in a man on empagliflozin for treatment of Type 2 diabetes. ( Colman, PG; Costello, AJ; Kumar, S, 2017) |
| "A total of 52,544 individuals with type 2 diabetes were eligible." | 1.46 | Antihyperglycemic Medications: A Claims-Based Estimate of First-line Therapy Use Prior to Initialization of Second-line Medications. ( Armstrong, J; Fox, KP; Mandl, KD; Steinberg, G; Tseng, YJ, 2017) |
| "Metformin has outstanding utility in reducing insulin resistance and preventing type-2-diabetes mellitus, but has not been studied for statin-associated muscle symptom rescue or prevention." | 1.46 | Pleiotropic effects of metformin to rescue statin-induced muscle injury and insulin resistance: A proposed mechanism and potential clinical implications. ( Carris, NW; Chapalamadugu, KC; Magness, DJ; Magness, RR; Tipparaju, SM, 2017) |
| "Recurrences, metastases, secondary cancers, survival and carcinoembryonic antigen levels were compared using t test and chi-squared test." | 1.46 | Metformin Has Positive Therapeutic Effects in Colon Cancer and Lung Cancer. ( Frieson, D; Henderson, D; Solomon, SS; Zuber, J, 2017) |
| "Metformin treatment reduces the risk of cancer in type 2 diabetes patients." | 1.46 | Use of metformin is associated with lower incidence of cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Junik, R; Muszyńska-Ogłaza, A; Olejniczak, H; Polaszewska-Muszyńska, M; Zarzycka-Lindner, G, 2017) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common disease, affecting up to 13." | 1.46 | [Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus]. ( Azinheira, J; Capitão, RM; Sequeira Duarte, J; Tavares Bello, C; Vasconcelos, C, 2017) |
| "Metformin treatment led to maintained good glycemic control and improved neuropathy and pancreatic lesions in female SDT fatty rats." | 1.46 | Assessment of Pharmacological Responses to an Anti-diabetic Drug in a New Obese Type 2 Diabetic Rat Model. ( Fatchiyah, F; Miyajima, K; Murai, Y; Ohta, T; Shinohara, M; Tadaki, H; Yamada, T, 2017) |
| "The insulin-induced edema is a rare complication of insulin therapy." | 1.46 | Insulin-induced edema: an unusual complication in a patient with diabetic ketosis. ( Chaker, F; Chihaoui, M; Rached, A; Slimane, H; Yazid, M, 2017) |
| "Cases of type 2 diabetes were derived from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database." | 1.46 | Recent trends in the use of antidiabetic medications from 2008 to 2013: A nation-wide population-based study from Taiwan. ( Chang, KC; Liu, YM; Ou, HT; Wu, JS, 2017) |
| "Metformin treatment of T2DM rats produced dose-dependent significant reductions in urinary albumin and nephrin concentrations, glomerular basement membrane thickness (GBMT), and the foot process fusion rate (FPFR) compared with control T2DM model rats, whereas renal expression of nephrin protein and Nphs1 mRNA was dose-dependently increased by metformin treatment." | 1.46 | Metformin ameliorates podocyte damage by restoring renal tissue nephrin expression in type 2 diabetic rats. ( Gu, J; Hu, W; Wang, W; Yang, D; Ye, S; Zhai, L, 2017) |
| "However, the effects of metformin in rectal cancer are controversial." | 1.46 | Association between Metformin Use and Survival in Nonmetastatic Rectal Cancer Treated with a Curative Resection: A Nationwide Population Study. ( Choi, JA; Ki, YJ; Kim, HJ; Kim, MS; Ko, MJ; Moon, SM; Park, CM; Seo, YS, 2017) |
| "Vildagliptin is a new drug used to treat diabetes mellitus (DM)." | 1.46 | A case of bullous pemphigoid ınduced by vildagliptin. ( Ersoy-Evans, S; Gököz, O; Gönül, M; Keseroglu, HO; Taş-Aygar, G, 2017) |
| "The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in young adults is increasing, yet little is known about medication use in this population." | 1.46 | A retrospective cohort analysis of hypoglycaemic and cardiovascular agent use in young adults in the Irish primary care setting. ( Bennett, K; Grimes, RT; Henman, MC; Hoey, H; Tilson, L, 2017) |
| "Type 2 diabetes is increasingly common in HIV-infected individuals." | 1.46 | Comparative Effectiveness of Diabetic Oral Medications Among HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Veterans. ( Bisson, GP; Gibert, CL; Gordon, K; Han, JH; Leaf, DA; Rimland, D; Rodriguez-Barradas, MC; Womack, JA, 2017) |
| "469 ambulatory type 2 diabetes patients (mean diabetes duration 10." | 1.46 | Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Fleischer, J; Hansen, CS; Jensen, JS; Jørgensen, ME; Ridderstråle, M; Vistisen, D, 2017) |
| "We report a 69-year-old man with type 2 diabetes that developed sudden loss of eyebrows and eyelashes about 4 months after the beginning of Janumet®." | 1.46 | Loss of Eyebrows and Eyelashes During Concomitant Treatment with Sitagliptin and Metformin. ( Arturi, F; Gallelli, L; Palleria, C; Ruffo, M; Serra, R; Succurro, E, 2017) |
| "A recent study of advanced diabetic kidney disease patients in Taiwan in Lancet Endocrinology and Diabetes has provided unique insight into the potential consequences of unrestricted metformin use, including a 35% higher adjusted mortality risk that was dose-dependent." | 1.46 | Risks of Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease: Lessons Learned from Taiwanese Data. ( Kalantar-Zadeh, K; Kovesdy, CP; Rhee, CM, 2017) |
| "All patients registered as having hepatocellular carcinoma between January 1995 and December 2011 in a nationwide database were retrospectively analysed." | 1.46 | Metformin confers risk reduction for developing hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver resection. ( Chan, KM; Chiou, MJ; Chou, HS; Hsu, JT; Kuo, CF; Lee, CF; Lee, WC; Wang, YC; Wu, TH; Wu, TJ, 2017) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosed during 1999-2005 were recruited from the reimbursement database of Taiwan's National Health Insurance." | 1.46 | Metformin and esophageal cancer risk in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Tseng, CH, 2017) |
| "Metformin is a commonly used glucose-lowering drug." | 1.46 | Growth Differentiation Factor 15 as a Novel Biomarker for Metformin. ( Ford, RJ; Gerstein, HC; Haenel, H; Hess, S; Lee, S; McQueen, M; Pare, G; Raman, K; Sjaarda, J; Steinberg, GR, 2017) |
| " These results suggest that metformin administration reversed the adverse effects of diabetes on orthodontic tooth movement." | 1.46 | Histological evidence that metformin reverses the adverse effects of diabetes on orthodontic tooth movement in rats. ( Amizuka, N; Du, J; Feng, W; Guo, J; Li, M; Liu, H; Lu, B; Sun, J, 2017) |
| "We examined the association of type 2 diabetes, metformin, and gut microbiota in community-dwelling Colombian adults." | 1.46 | Metformin Is Associated With Higher Relative Abundance of Mucin-Degrading Akkermansia muciniphila and Several Short-Chain Fatty Acid-Producing Microbiota in the Gut. ( Abad, JM; Carmona, JA; Corrales-Agudelo, V; de la Cuesta-Zuluaga, J; Escobar, JS; Mueller, NT; Velásquez-Mejía, EP, 2017) |
| "Plasma PRCP levels are elevated in type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus and cardiovascular diseases." | 1.46 | Altered Prolylcarboxypeptidase Expression and Function in Response to Different Risk Factors of Diabetes. ( Floyd, L; Shariat-Madar, Z; Tabrizian, T, 2017) |
| "Metformin exposure was defined as a time-dependent variable, stratified first into any use, and into tertiles of cumulative dose." | 1.46 | Metformin and the risk of prostate cancer across racial/ethnic groups: a population-based cohort study. ( Chen, CB; Eurich, DT; Johnson, JA; Majumdar, SR, 2017) |
| "Metformin exposure was determined from prescription information from 6 months before the first diagnosis of pancreatic cancer to last follow-up." | 1.46 | Association between metformin use and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and localized resectable pancreatic cancer: a nationwide population-based study in korea. ( Choi, HJ; Choi, JA; Han, CJ; Jang, WI; Jo, AJ; Kang, JK; Kang, SH; Kim, HJ; Kim, MS; Kim, SB; Kim, YJ; Ko, MJ; Paik, EK; Park, CM; Seo, YS; Tchoe, HJ; Yoo, HJ, 2017) |
| " Three formulations were chosen for bioavailability testing and the results showed comparable bioavailability compared to the Ref." | 1.46 | Preparation and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of metformin hydrochloride rectal dosage forms for treatment of patients with type II diabetes. ( Abd-Allah, F; Lila, A; Nada, A; Zaghloul, AA, 2017) |
| " There were no notable differences in adverse events and the incidence of symptomatic hypoglycaemia was low and similar in the groups." | 1.46 | Randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy and safety of treatment with the once-weekly dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor omarigliptin or the once-daily DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on m ( Andryuk, PJ; Engel, SS; Gantz, I; Goldenberg, R; Kaufman, KD; Lai, E; O'Neill, EA; Suryawanshi, S; Wang, YN, 2017) |
| "Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary liver malignancy, commonly a sequelae of hepatitis C infection, but can complicate cirrhosis of any cause." | 1.46 | Independent of Cirrhosis, Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk Is Increased with Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome. ( Kasmari, AJ; Leslie, D; Liu, G; McGarrity, T; Riley, T; Welch, A, 2017) |
| " Chitosan cross-linked alginate provides improvement of swelling and mucoadhesive properties and might be used to design sustained release dosage forms." | 1.46 | The Influence of Chitosan Cross-linking on the Properties of Alginate Microparticles with Metformin Hydrochloride-In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. ( Kasacka, I; Lewandowska, A; Sosnowska, K; Szekalska, M; Winnicka, K; Zakrzeska, A, 2017) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes contributing to whole blood donation programs can be at risk of falsely lowered HbA1c." | 1.46 | Whole Blood Donation Affects the Interpretation of Hemoglobin A1c. ( Bilo, HJ; Bokhorst, AG; de Kort, W; Dijkstra, A; Lenters-Westra, E; Slingerland, RJ; Vos, MJ, 2017) |
| "Metformin is a first-line oral antidiabetic therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 1.46 | Hemodialysis-refractory metformin-associated lactate acidosis with hypoglycemia, hypothermia, and bradycardia in a diabetic patient with belated diagnosis and chronic kidney disease . ( Zibar, K; Zibar, L, 2017) |
| "Metformin treatment brought about a significant reduction of visceral fat mass compared to controls accompanied by an up-regulation of fat oxidation-related enzyme in the liver, UCP-1 in the brown adipose tissue and UCP-3 in the skeletal muscle." | 1.46 | Beneficial effects of metformin on energy metabolism and visceral fat volume through a possible mechanism of fatty acid oxidation in human subjects and rats. ( Hara, K; Hashinaga, T; Iwata, S; Mifune, H; Nakayama, H; Tajiri, Y; Tokubuchi, I; Wada, N; Yamada, K, 2017) |
| "Veterans 50 years or older with either type 2 diabetes and long-term metformin therapy (n = 3,687) or without diabetes and no prescription for metformin (n = 13,258)." | 1.46 | Long-term Metformin Therapy and Monitoring for Vitamin B12 Deficiency Among Older Veterans. ( Elliott, JL; Holland, NW; Johnson, TM; Kancherla, V; Khakharia, A; Oakley, GP; Patel, BB; Phillips, LS; Vaughan, CP, 2017) |
| "Metformin-treated patients had a significantly lower calcification score than metformin-free patients (mean ± standard deviation: 2033 ± 4514 and 4684 ± 9291, respectively; p = 0." | 1.46 | Association between metformin use and below-the-knee arterial calcification score in type 2 diabetic patients. ( Aubert, CE; Bourron, O; Cluzel, P; Hartemann, A; Kamel, S; Kemel, S; Lalau, JD; Lenglet, A; Liabeuf, S; Mary, A; Massy, ZA; Mentaverri, R; Salem, JE, 2017) |
| "To assess the risk of acute pancreatitis during treatment with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist dulaglutide, placebo, and active comparators across phase 2/3 dulaglutide trials." | 1.46 | Assessment of Pancreas Safety in the Development Program of Once-Weekly GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Dulaglutide. ( Anglin, G; Barkin, JS; Frossard, JL; Harper, KD; Hensley, IE; Milicevic, Z; Nauck, MA, 2017) |
| "Treatment with glyburide is associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with T2DM." | 1.46 | All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality following Treatment with Metformin or Glyburide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Esteghamati, A; Heidari, B; Larry, M; Mansournia, MA; Nakhjavani, M; Nargesi, AA; Rabizadeh, S; Raee, MR; Zarifkar, M, 2017) |
| " Safety was assessed by reporting of adverse events and serious adverse events (SAEs)." | 1.46 | Effectiveness and safety of vildagliptin and vildagliptin add-on to metformin in real-world settings in Egypt - results from the GUARD study. ( Rakha, S; Shelbaya, S, 2017) |
| "Indeed, the phenomenon of cancer cells metabolizing glucose using a less efficient anaerobic process even in the presence of normal oxygen levels, termed the Warburg effect, is currently considered to be one of the hallmarks of cancer." | 1.43 | Using Boolean Logic Modeling of Gene Regulatory Networks to Exploit the Links Between Cancer and Metabolism for Therapeutic Purposes. ( Arshad, OA; Datta, A; Venkatasubramani, PS; Venkatraj, J, 2016) |
| "Metformin has been used for the treatment of diabetes, whereas atorvastatin reduces the incidence of atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease." | 1.43 | Ameliorative Effect of Adjunct Therapy of Metformin with Atorvastatin on Streptozotocin-induced Diabetes Mellitus in Rats. ( Kumar, V; Singh, A; Singh, BK, 2016) |
| "Metformin and insulin were the initial treatment in most youth." | 1.43 | Presentation of youth with type 2 diabetes in the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium. ( Beck, RW; Cengiz, E; Connor, CG; Haro, H; Klingensmith, GJ; Kollman, C; Lee, JM; Ruedy, KJ; Tamborlane, WV; Willi, SM; Wood, JR, 2016) |
| "Metformin-treated subjects (n = 124, 47 %) showed significantly lower levels of vitamin B12 (P < 0." | 1.43 | Diabetic neuropathy is not associated with homocysteine, folate, vitamin B12 levels, and MTHFR C677T mutation in type 2 diabetic outpatients taking metformin. ( Alibrandi, A; Cucinotta, D; Forte, F; Gambadoro, N; Giandalia, A; Perdichizzi, G; Romeo, EL; Russo, GT; Scarcella, C; Zingale, R, 2016) |
| " Subjects who met the inclusion criteria were added on sitagliptin and started on sitagliptin/metformin combination at the dosage of 50 mg/1000 mg twice daily." | 1.43 | Effect of sitagliptin on epicardial fat thickness in subjects with type 2 diabetes and obesity: a pilot study. ( Balladares, N; Contreras, M; D'Marco, L; Iacobellis, G; Lima-Martínez, MM; Paoli, M; Rodney, M, 2016) |
| "Metformin use was identified from CPRD prescription records." | 1.43 | Metformin use and survival after colorectal cancer: A population-based cohort study. ( Cardwell, CR; Hughes, CM; Mc Menamin, ÚC; Murray, LJ, 2016) |
| "In the restenosis group, there was a significantly higher percentage of patients taking metformin (p < 0." | 1.43 | Optimal blood pressure in patients with peripheral artery disease following endovascular therapy. ( Hasegawa, K; Hata, S; Moniwa, N; Sasaki, H; Takizawa, H; Tanaka, S; Ura, N, 2016) |
| "Many patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) do not achieve glycaemic control targets on basal insulin regimens." | 1.43 | How much is too much? Outcomes in patients using high-dose insulin glargine. ( Gao, L; Gill, J; Reid, T; Rhinehart, A; Stuhr, A; Traylor, L; Vlajnic, A, 2016) |
| "The included 3810 patients with type 2 diabetes had their treatment intensified at baseline." | 1.43 | Incidence, characteristics and impact of hypoglycaemia in patients receiving intensified treatment for inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Bramlage, P; Gitt, AK; Schneider, S; Tschöpe, D, 2016) |
| "Adaptation of drug dosage to kidney function is a common problem in general practice." | 1.43 | Cardiovascular Drugs and Metformin Drug Dosage According to Renal Function in Non-Institutionalized Elderly Patients. ( Al-Salameh, A; Bauduceau, B; Becquemont, L; Benattar-Zibi, L; Berrut, G; Bertin, P; Bucher, S; Corruble, E; Danchin, N; Derumeaux, G; Doucet, J; Falissard, B; Forette, F; Hanon, O; Ourabah, R; Pasquier, F; Piedvache, C; Pinget, M, 2016) |
| "Forty-three patients (47%) experienced gastrointestinal adverse effects in the first 6 months of metformin treatment." | 1.43 | Organic cation transporter 1 variants and gastrointestinal side effects of metformin in patients with Type 2 diabetes. ( Bego, T; Causevic, A; Dujic, T; Malenica, M; Pearson, ER; Semiz, S; Velija-Asimi, Z, 2016) |
| "With respect to kidney cancer scarce data are available." | 1.43 | Use of metformin and risk of kidney cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Tseng, CH, 2016) |
| " Safety endpoints included adverse events (AEs) and the incidence of hypoglycemia." | 1.43 | Efficacy and safety of saxagliptin monotherapy or added to metformin in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: results from the 24-week, post-marketing SUNSHINE study. ( Gu, W; Li, Y; Liang, L; Ning, G; Piao, C; Tan, X; Tian, J; Wang, S; Wang, W; Wang, Y; Wu, Y; Xin, X; Yang, G; Yin, J, 2016) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at an onset age of 25-74 years during 1999-2005 and newly treated with either metformin (n = 288198, "ever users of metformin") or other antidiabetic drugs (n = 16263, "never users of metformin") were followed for at least 6 months for oral cancer until December 31, 2011." | 1.43 | Metformin may reduce oral cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Tseng, CH, 2016) |
| "Men with type 2 diabetes are often characterized by abnormal plasma testosterone levels." | 1.43 | The effect of testosterone on cardiovascular risk factors in men with type 2 diabetes and late-onset hypogonadism treated with metformin or glimepiride. ( Gilowski, W; Krysiak, R; Okopień, B, 2016) |
| "Among the 181 women with diabetes and cervical cancer, there were 129 deaths, including 61 cervical cancer-specific deaths." | 1.43 | Association between Metformin Use and Mortality after Cervical Cancer in Older Women with Diabetes. ( Fyles, AW; Han, K; Lega, IC; Lipscombe, LL; Milosevic, MF; Pintilie, M, 2016) |
| "Data on 25,386 patients with type 2 diabetes, newly treated with a DPP4 inhibitor (2007-2013), were sourced from a United Kingdom general practice database via the Health Improvement Network database." | 1.43 | Determinants of Glycemic Response to Add-On Therapy with a Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using a United Kingdom Primary Care Database. ( Donnelly, R; Idris, I; Mamza, J; Mehta, R, 2016) |
| "BE subjects developing esophageal cancer (EC) 12 months after their index BE diagnosis were defined as progressors." | 1.43 | Rates and predictors of progression to esophageal carcinoma in a large population-based Barrett's esophagus cohort. ( Borah, B; Chak, A; Das, A; Heien, H; Iyer, PG; Krishnamoorthi, R, 2016) |
| "Metformin use was associated with an improved DMFS (74% versus 53% at 2 years; p=0." | 1.43 | Improved progression free survival for patients with diabetes and locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using metformin during concurrent chemoradiotherapy. ( Belderbos, JS; Damhuis, RA; Dieleman, EM; Houben, RM; Rasch, CR; Rossi, M; Troost, EG; Wink, KC, 2016) |
| "These agents are indicated for the treatment of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as an adjunct to diet and exercise." | 1.43 | Practical considerations for the use of sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 inhibitors in treating hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. ( Chan, TM; Chow, CC; Kong, AP; Lam, KS; Lee, KK; Ma, RC; So, WY; Tan, KC; Tang, SC; Tomlinson, B; Tong, PC; Tsang, MW, 2016) |
| "Metformin has a greater impact on BMI in responders of metformin compared to nonresponders." | 1.43 | The Role of Metformin Response in Lipid Metabolism in Patients with Recent-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: HbA1c Level as a Criterion for Designating Patients as Responders or Nonresponders to Metformin. ( Alizadeh, A; Kashi, Z; Kianmehr, A; Mahrooz, A, 2016) |
| "Finally, when compared to untreated type 2 diabetes patients, the metformin-treated diabetic patients showed increased IGFBP-2 levels with diminished serum IGF-1 levels." | 1.43 | Metformin stimulates IGFBP-2 gene expression through PPARalpha in diabetic states. ( Cho, HC; Choi, HS; Im, SS; Kang, HS; Koo, SH; Lee, IK; Lee, JH; Oh, GT; Park, BH; Song, DK, 2016) |
| "Racial/ethnic disparity in prostate cancer is under studied in men with diabetes who are at a higher risk of aggressive prostate cancer." | 1.43 | Metformin for Reducing Racial/Ethnic Difference in Prostate Cancer Incidence for Men with Type II Diabetes. ( Downs, JR; Hernandez, J; Kuhn, JG; Lam, YF; Lehman, DM; Lorenzo, C; Mahalingam, D; Ramirez, AG; Stuart, EA; Thompson, IM; Wang, CP; Weitman, S, 2016) |
| "Patients with early stage cervical cancer diagnosed between 2001 and 2014 were retrospectively enrolled." | 1.43 | Impact of diabetes mellitus on oncological outcomes after radical hysterectomy for early stage cervical cancer. ( Hanprasertpong, J; Jiamset, I, 2016) |
| "In conclusion, in patients with type 2 diabetes very similar reductions in HbA1c after 6 months of second-line therapy were achieved regardless of the type of therapy." | 1.43 | Change in glycated haemoglobin levels after initiating second-line therapy in type 2 diabetes: a primary care database study. ( Bongaerts, B; Kostev, K; Rathmann, W, 2016) |
| "In treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus it is important to reach glycaemic targets." | 1.43 | [One year persistence of metformin monotherapy versus metformin/sitagliptin fixed dose combination]. ( Ferenci, T; Simonyi, G, 2016) |
| "Prostate cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) are both common diseases found in the elderly male population." | 1.43 | Metformin Has a Positive Therapeutic Effect on Prostate Cancer in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Chong, RW; Solomon, SS; Vasudevan, V; Zuber, J, 2016) |
| "Metformin use is an independent determinant of increased colonic (18)F-FDG uptake, suggesting a potential role for increasing colonic glucose disposal." | 1.43 | Metformin-related colonic glucose uptake; potential role for increasing glucose disposal?--A retrospective analysis of (18)F-FDG uptake in the colon on PET-CT. ( Bahler, L; Hoekstra, JB; Holleman, F; Stroek, K; Verberne, HJ, 2016) |
| "Myocardial infarction is the most common cause of death in these patients." | 1.43 | Mortality reduction among persons with type 2 diabetes: (-)-Epicatechin as add-on therapy to metformin? ( Moreno-Ulloa, A; Moreno-Ulloa, J, 2016) |
| "Most patients with type 2 diabetes does not achieve target glycemic control when treated with single antidiabetics and need for proper control of diabetes combination of several different drugs." | 1.43 | [XIGDUO - fixed combination of the active ingredients dapagliflozin and metformin]. ( Edelsberger, T, 2016) |
| "Metformin was continued or initiated in 40." | 1.43 | Prevalence and Predictors of Metformin Prescribing in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A National Cross-Sectional Study. ( Boyle, JA; Dengler-Crish, CM; Moorman, JM; Soric, MM, 2016) |
| "Metformin was associated with a decreased risk in the cohort with elevated NT-proBNP ≥300 pg/mL (HR 0." | 1.43 | Cardiovascular safety of metformin and sulfonylureas in patients with different cardiac risk profiles. ( Brath, H; Clodi, M; Francesconi, C; Hülsmann, M; Luger, A; Neuhold, S; Pacher, R; Prager, R; Resl, M; Strunk, G; Vila, G; Wurm, R, 2016) |
| "Metformin is a basic drug used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 1.43 | [Chronic kidney diseases, metformin and lactic acidosis]. ( Borbély, Z, 2016) |
| "To describe common type 2 diabetes treatment intensification regimens, patients' characteristics and changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and body mass index (BMI)." | 1.43 | Diabetes treatment intensification and associated changes in HbA1c and body mass index: a cohort study. ( Greevy, RA; Griffin, MR; Grijalva, CG; Hung, AM; Liu, X; Roumie, CL, 2016) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes who had been on metformin monotherapy and started another agent in addition to metformin were eligible for inclusion." | 1.43 | Cardiovascular safety of glucose-lowering agents as add-on medication to metformin treatment in type 2 diabetes: report from the Swedish National Diabetes Register. ( Ekström, N; Eliasson, B; Franzén, S; Gudbjörnsdottir, S; Miftaraj, M; Svensson, AM; Zethelius, B, 2016) |
| "To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of metformin combined with liraglutide or exenatide in Chinese patient with T2DM." | 1.43 | Long-Term Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Metformin Combined with Liraglutide or Exenatide for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Based on the CORE Diabetes Model Study. ( Li, Y; Liu, G; Liu, S; Tian, M; Wang, Y; Zhang, X, 2016) |
| "Metformin-glinides was most cost-effective in the base-case analysis; Metformin-glinides saved $194 USD for one percentage point of reduction in CVD risk, as compared to Metformin-SU." | 1.43 | Comparative cost-effectiveness of metformin-based dual therapies associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: Evidence from a population-based national cohort in Taiwan. ( Chen, YT; Liu, YM; Ou, HT; Wu, JS, 2016) |
| " We report here that a low-carbohydrate diet combined with an SGLT2 inhibitor was effective and safe to treat refractory hyperglycemia in the perioperative period in a type 2 diabetes patient complicated with a high titer of insulin antibodies." | 1.43 | Low-carbohydrate diet combined with SGLT2 inhibitor for refractory hyperglycemia caused by insulin antibodies. ( Abiru, N; Ando, T; Horie, I; Kawakami, A; Shigeno, R, 2016) |
| "Metformin plays an anti-proliferative role in tumor cells in many types of cancer." | 1.43 | Metformin mediates resensitivity to 5-fluorouracil in hepatocellular carcinoma via the suppression of YAP. ( Gao, Z; Han, Z; Liang, R; Luo, N; Sun, D; Tang, B; Tian, Y; Wang, C; Wang, L; Zhang, R, 2016) |
| "Metformin is and has been considered as first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes for over a quarter of a century." | 1.43 | Should Restrictions Be Relaxed for Metformin Use in Chronic Kidney Disease? No, We Should Never Again Compromise Safety! ( Kalantar-Zadeh, K; Kovesdy, CP, 2016) |
| "Metformin is and has been considered as first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes for over a quarter of a century." | 1.43 | Should Restrictions Be Relaxed for Metformin Use in Chronic Kidney Disease? Yes, They Should Be Relaxed! What's the Fuss? ( Bakris, GL; Molitch, ME, 2016) |
| "Metformin was the most frequently prescribed medication (77." | 1.43 | The prevalence and treatment patterns of diabetes in the Greek population based on real-world data from the nation-wide prescription database. ( Dafoulas, GE; Kani, C; Liatis, S; Litsa, P; Makrilakis, K; Politi, A; Sfikakis, PP, 2016) |
| " These results, which do not account for levels of adherence or dosage information and which are subject to confounding by indication, might have implications for prescribing of diabetes drugs." | 1.43 | Diabetes treatments and risk of heart failure, cardiovascular disease, and all cause mortality: cohort study in primary care. ( Coupland, C; Hippisley-Cox, J, 2016) |
| "Metformin was not associated with prolonged recurrence-free or cancer-specific survival, irrespective of the patients' body mass index (p=0." | 1.43 | The prognostic role of metformin in patients with endometrial cancer: a retrospective study. ( Bergmeister, B; Grimm, C; Koelbl, H; Polterauer, S; Reinthaller, A; Seebacher, V, 2016) |
| "Metformin is a commonly prescribed biguanide oral hypoglycemic used for the treatment of type II DM." | 1.43 | Metformin Improves Survival in Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Pre-Existing Diabetes: A Propensity Score Analysis. ( Amin, S; Aronson, A; Boffetta, P; Lin, J; Lucas, AL; Mhango, G; Wisnivesky, J, 2016) |
| "Female patients with type 2 diabetes at an onset age of 25-74 years during 1999-2005 and newly treated with metformin (n=132971, "ever users of metformin") or other antidiabetic drugs (n=6940, "never users of metformin") were followed for at least 6 months until December 31, 2011." | 1.43 | Metformin use and cervical cancer risk in female patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Tseng, CH, 2016) |
| " Long-term use of metformin has been associated with subsequent reductions in vitamin B12 concentrations." | 1.43 | Multivitamin Use and Serum Vitamin B12 Concentrations in Older-Adult Metformin Users in REGARDS, 2003-2007. ( Cashion, WT; Garn, JV; Judd, SE; Kancherla, V; Oakley, GP; Odewole, O; Williamson, RS; Zakai, NA, 2016) |
| "Metformin use was independently associated with a better OS." | 1.43 | Metformin use and its effect on survival in diabetic patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. ( Arrieta, O; Cardona, AF; De la Torre-Vallejo, M; Muñiz-Hernández, S; Sánchez-Reyes, R; Soto-Perez-de-Celis, E; Varela-Santoyo, E, 2016) |
| "Metformin promotes reversal of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition." | 1.43 | Metformin mediated reversal of epithelial to mesenchymal transition is triggered by epigenetic changes in E-cadherin promoter. ( Banerjee, P; Chowdhury, DR; Pal, R; Prabhakar, K; Surendran, H, 2016) |
| "In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled by metformin monotherapy, the addition of alogliptin contributed to clinically significant increases in pulmonary function through regulating glycemia and improving the imbalance of the oxidative-related substances in the serum, without increasing the incidence of hypoglycemia, dyslipidemia, dysarteriotony, and any notable increase in body weight." | 1.43 | The effect of alogliptin on pulmonary function in obese patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by metformin monotherapy. ( Dong, QY; Kuang, JS; Li, LB; Liu, XG; Tai, H; Wang, MY; Zhao, YP, 2016) |
| "131 949 patients with type 2 diabetes who initiated pharmacotherapy with a GLD between 2005 and 2012." | 1.43 | Metformin and other glucose-lowering drug initiation and rates of community-based antibiotic use and hospital-treated infections in patients with type 2 diabetes: a Danish nationwide population-based cohort study. ( Mor, A; Petersen, I; Sørensen, HT; Thomsen, RW, 2016) |
| "We conducted a cohort study including type 2 diabetes patients who received their first metformin prescription between 2007 and 2013 in the Groningen Initiative to Analyze Type 2 Diabetes Treatment (GIANTT) database." | 1.43 | Predictors of HbA1c levels in patients initiating metformin. ( Denig, P; Hak, E; Lambers Heerspink, H; Martono, DP; Wilffert, B, 2016) |
| "The study aimed to (1) determine the trends in the utilisation of metformin in Australia, (2) determine the appropriateness of metformin dosing in an Australian teaching hospital and (3) gather the opinions of prescribers on the relationship between metformin dose and renal function." | 1.43 | Trends in metformin utilisation and dose appropriateness in Australia. ( Baysari, MT; Chen, W; Day, RO; Graham, GG; Greenfield, JR; Kumar, SS; Moon, J; Viardot, A; Williams, KM, 2016) |
| " Adverse effect rates were 64% with placebo, 63." | 1.43 | Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in combination with other oral hypoglycemic agents in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Ampudia-Blasco, FJ; Ariño, B; Giljanovic Kis, S; Naderali, E; Pérez, A; Pfarr, E; Romera, I, 2016) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes diagnosed during 1999-2005 and newly treated with metformin (n=287971, "ever users of metformin") or other antidiabetic drugs (n=16217, "never users of metformin") were followed until December 31, 2011." | 1.43 | Metformin reduces gastric cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Tseng, CH, 2016) |
| "Glimepiride is a second-generation sulfonylurea excites pancreatic beta cells to discharge insulin." | 1.43 | Evaluation, efficacy and tolerability of GlucoNovax tablet in type 2 diabetic patients. ( Ali, Z; Daniyal, M; Naveed, S; S I, I; Usmanghani, K, 2016) |
| "Patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) had similar demographic and anthropometric features, but a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D; p = 0." | 1.43 | Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors, Type 2 Diabetes and Fibrosis Progression: An Observational Study in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. ( Borroni, V; Bugianesi, E; Craxi, A; Dongiovanni, P; Fargion, S; Fracanzani, AL; Pelusi, S; Petta, S; Rosso, C; Valenti, L, 2016) |
| "Metformin is a first-line drug for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus, yet its mechanism remains only partially understood and controversial." | 1.43 | Effect of metformin on global gene expression in liver of KKAy mice. ( Chen, QT; Liu, T; Liu, ZQ; Luo, DQ; Song, XM; Teng, JT; Zhou, K, 2016) |
| "The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency (defined by concentrations <150 pmol/L) was determined." | 1.43 | Vitamin B12 deficiency in metformin-treated type-2 diabetes patients, prevalence and association with peripheral neuropathy. ( Ahmed, MA; Muntingh, G; Rheeder, P, 2016) |
| "The number of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is increasing." | 1.43 | A Prospective Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors: Real World Evidence from Clinical Practice in India. ( Joshi, SR; Kumar, PM; Sosale, AR; Sosale, B, 2016) |
| "Metformin, a first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes, is the only drug demonstrated to reduce cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients." | 1.43 | Metformin Uniquely Prevents Thrombosis by Inhibiting Platelet Activation and mtDNA Release. ( Cao, Y; Gu, J; Huang, W; Ji, C; Lee, KH; Li, K; Lu, Y; Ma, L; Morris-Natschke, SL; Niu, H; Qin, C; Wei, Z; Wen, L; Xia, Q; Xin, G; Xing, Z; Yeh, JL; Zhang, R; Zheng, H, 2016) |
| "Diabetes is the leading cause of ESRD." | 1.43 | Comparative Effectiveness of Second-Line Agents for the Treatment of Diabetes Type 2 in Preventing Kidney Function Decline. ( Greevy, RA; Griffin, MR; Grijalva, CG; Hung, AM; Ikizler, TA; Liu, X; Murff, HJ; Roumie, CL, 2016) |
| "A significant decrement of hyperinsulinemia, triglyceridemia, serum IL6 and oxidised LDL were observed at the end of the study." | 1.43 | Metformin preconditioned adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells is a better option for the reversal of diabetes upon transplantation. ( Bhonde, RR; Shree, N, 2016) |
| "Metformin is a biguanaide antidiabetic drug used worldwide, and its effectiveness and benefits have already been established." | 1.43 | Investigation of Risk Factors Affecting Lactate Levels in Japanese Patients Treated with Metformin. ( Hiraoka, S; Nishihara, M; Tsuji, H; Yokoyama, S, 2016) |
| "Their anti-type 2 diabetes activity was evaluated in HepG2 cell and db/db mice." | 1.42 | Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of GY3-based derivatives for anti-type 2 diabetes activity. ( Fan, L; Li, Z; Ma, X; Tang, L; Wang, J; Wu, H; Xiao, W; Zhong, G, 2015) |
| "A total of 9872 outpatients with type 2 diabetes, who had received OADs (monotherapy or combination therapy) for at least 3 months were recruited in this study." | 1.42 | China type 2 diabetes treatment status survey of treatment pattern of oral drugs users ( Guo, L; Ji, L; Jia, W; Lu, J; Tian, H; Weng, J; Xing, X; Zhu, D, 2015) |
| "Metformin+dapagliflozin was associated with QALY gains ranging from 0." | 1.42 | Cost-effectiveness of dapagliflozin (Forxiga®) added to metformin compared with sulfonylurea added to metformin in type 2 diabetes in the Nordic countries. ( Bergenheim, K; Ekman, M; Granström, O; McEwan, P; Sabale, U, 2015) |
| "This cross-sectional study among 550 type 2 diabetes patients using metformin (mean daily dose 1,306 mg; mean duration 64 months) was conducted in four primary care centers in Utrecht, the Netherlands." | 1.42 | Influence of duration and dose of metformin on cobalamin deficiency in type 2 diabetes patients using metformin. ( Beulens, JW; Hart, HE; Kooijman-Buiting, AM; Kuijs, R; Rutten, GE, 2015) |
| "Among all Vanderbilt cancer patients, metformin was associated with a 22% decrease in overall mortality compared to other oral hypoglycemic medications (HR 0." | 1.42 | Validating drug repurposing signals using electronic health records: a case study of metformin associated with reduced cancer mortality. ( Aldrich, MC; Chen, Q; Dai, Q; Denny, JC; Friedman, C; Han, X; Jiang, M; Julien, JS; Levy, M; Li, Y; Liu, H; Peterson, NB; Roden, DM; Ruan, X; Shah, A; Warner, J; Xu, H, 2015) |
| "Metformin has been associated with reduced risk of certain cancers, including PC, in some observational clinical studies." | 1.42 | Metformin use among type 2 diabetics and risk of pancreatic cancer in a clinic-based case-control study. ( Bracci, PM; Holly, EA; Ko, AH; Walker, EJ, 2015) |
| " A population model was used to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters." | 1.42 | The pharmacokinetics of metformin and concentrations of haemoglobin A1C and lactate in Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Day, RO; Duong, JK; Furlong, TJ; Graham, GG; Greenfield, JR; Kirkpatrick, CM; Kumar, SS; Williams, KM, 2015) |
| "In an observational study, among 550 type 2 diabetes patients using metformin, cobalamin and holotranscobalamin (holoTCII) levels were measured at the annual diabetes checkup, and deficiencies were defined as <148 and <21 pmol/L, respectively." | 1.42 | Cobalamin status and its relation with depression, cognition and neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using metformin. ( Beulens, JW; Biemans, E; Cuellar Renteria, VG; Hart, HE; Kooijman-Buiting, AM; Rutten, GE, 2015) |
| "The recent type 2 diabetes American Diabetes Association/European Association for the Study of Diabetes (ADA/EASD) position statement suggested insulin is the most effective glucose-lowering therapy, especially when glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is very high." | 1.42 | Is insulin the most effective injectable antihyperglycaemic therapy? ( Buse, JB; Diamant, M; Donsmark, M; Furber, S; Han, J; MacConell, L; Maggs, D; Peters, A; Russell-Jones, D, 2015) |
| "Optimal glucose-lowering therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus requires a patient-specific approach." | 1.42 | A decision support tool for appropriate glucose-lowering therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Ampudia-Blasco, FJ; Benhamou, PY; Charpentier, G; Consoli, A; Diamant, M; Gallwitz, B; Khunti, K; Mathieu, C; Phan, TM; Ridderstråle, M; Seufert, J; Stoevelaar, H; Tack, C; Vilsbøll, T, 2015) |
| "Metformin pretreatment for 24 h of HER2+ MDA-MB-361 cells, which were subsequently treated for 48 h with Herceptin, induced additional decline in cell survival." | 1.42 | Metformin effects on malignant cells and healthy PBMC; the influence of metformin on the phenotype of breast cancer cells. ( Abu Rabi, Z; Antić-Stanković, J; Damjanović, A; Damjanović, S; Džodić, R; Juranić, Z; Kanjer, K; Matić, IZ; Milovanović, Z; Nikolić, S; Roki, K; Ðorđić, M; Ðurović, MN, 2015) |
| "Metformin promotes irisin release from murine skeletal muscle into blood, independently of AMPK pathway activation." | 1.42 | Metformin promotes irisin release from murine skeletal muscle independently of AMP-activated protein kinase activation. ( Deng, YP; Huang, F; Jiang, GJ; Li, DJ; Lu, WJ; Shen, FM, 2015) |
| "Metformin is an oral antidiabetic drug, commonly used for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients." | 1.42 | Influence of SLC22A1 rs622342 genetic polymorphism on metformin response in South Indian type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. ( Adithan, C; Damodaran, SE; Das, AK; Praveen, RG; Umamaheswaran, G, 2015) |
| "Bariatric surgery rapidly improves Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 1.42 | Effect of bariatric surgery combined with medical therapy versus intensive medical therapy or calorie restriction and weight loss on glycemic control in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. ( Abegg, K; Boza, C; Corteville, C; Docherty, NG; le Roux, CW; Lutz, TA; Muñoz, R, 2015) |
| "Metformin was included in >60% of the combination regimens with metformin + sulfonylurea being the most common." | 1.42 | Antidiabetic treatment patterns in a medicare advantage population in the United States. ( Baltz, JC; Bouchard, JR; Lian, J; Meah, YA; Moretz, DC; Slabaugh, SL; Stacy, JN; Xu, Y, 2015) |
| "Metformin is a first-line oral anti-hyperglycemic agent." | 1.42 | Metformin-related acidosis in a woman while performing Haj: a conservative approach. ( Althomaly, E; Alzayer, ZA; Ansari, RS; Mady, AF; Moulana, AA; Qutub, HO, 2015) |
| "Vildagliptin treatment with or without metformin was generally well tolerated." | 1.42 | Clinical effectiveness and safety of vildagliptin in >19 000 patients with type 2 diabetes: the GUARD study. ( Abou Jaoude, E; Al-Arouj, M; DiTommaso, S; Fawwad, A; Latif, ZA; Orabi, A; Rosales, R; Shah, P; Vaz, J, 2015) |
| "Treatment with liraglutide in randomized controlled trials is associated with significant reductions in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and weight loss in type 2 diabetes patients." | 1.42 | Correlation between baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes in a large population of diabetes patients treated with liraglutide in a real-world setting in Italy. ( Balzano, S; Bax, G; Bettio, M; Bonsembiante, B; Brun, E; Cardone, C; Confortin, L; D'Ambrosio, M; Da Tos, V; Dal Frà, MG; Dal Pos, M; Ferrari, M; Frison, V; Gallo, A; Lamonica, M; Lapolla, A; Marangoni, A; Marin, N; Masin, M; Mesturino, CA; Panebianco, G; Pianta, A; Piarulli, F; Rocchini, P; Sartore, G; Simioni, N; Simoncini, M; Strazzabosco, M; Tadiotto, F; Zen, F, 2015) |
| "Metformin has been used for nearly a century and is now the most widely prescribed oral anti-diabetic agent worldwide." | 1.42 | Metformin action: concentrations matter. ( He, L; Wondisford, FE, 2015) |
| "Treatment with metformin earlier in the course of type 2 diabetes is associated with better glycemic control, more pronounced weight reduction, and a lower risk for therapy intensification than delayed treatment." | 1.42 | Comparative effectiveness of early versus delayed metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. ( Chung, S; Nimbal, V; Palaniappan, L; Pu, J; Romanelli, RJ; Zhao, B, 2015) |
| " In total, 136 adverse events (AEs) were observed in 71 (10." | 1.42 | Real-life safety and efficacy of vildagliptin as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes in Turkey--GALATA study. ( Akin, F; Ar, IB; Ayvaz, G; Dokmetas, HS; Keskin, L; Tasan, E; Uren, E, 2015) |
| "Increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes in women of childbearing age has led to a higher incidence of diabetes-associated birth defects." | 1.42 | Cellular Stress, Excessive Apoptosis, and the Effect of Metformin in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetic Embryopathy. ( Fu, M; Quon, MJ; Wang, C; Wang, F; Wu, Y; Yang, P, 2015) |
| "Metformin is the mainstay therapy for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and many patients also take salicylate-based drugs [i." | 1.42 | Metformin and salicylate synergistically activate liver AMPK, inhibit lipogenesis and improve insulin sensitivity. ( Blümer, RM; Bujak, AL; Crane, JD; Day, EA; Ford, RJ; Fullerton, MD; Gerstein, HC; Kemp, BE; Marcinko, K; Oakhill, JS; Pinkosky, SL; Scott, JW; Smith, BK; Steinberg, GR, 2015) |
| "The treatment of lactic acidosis is controversial, except for the imperative to remedy its underlying cause." | 1.42 | Lactic Acidosis in a Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Weisberg, LS, 2015) |
| "Metformin was often used in patients with contraindications, or in higher than recommended dosages in patients with renal impairment." | 1.42 | Metformin utilisation in Australian community and aged care settings. ( Castelino, RL; Huang, W; Peterson, GM; Zaidi, ST, 2015) |
| "Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease that cannot be treated adequately using the known monotherapies, especially when the disease progresses to an advanced stage." | 1.42 | Combination therapy with oleanolic acid and metformin as a synergistic treatment for diabetes. ( Abdelkader, D; Chen, Y; Hassan, W; Liu, J; Sun, H; Wang, X, 2015) |
| "For patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), there is a growing interest in sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, a class of glucose-lowering agents that act independently of insulin secretion and insulin action and also have a weight-lowering effect." | 1.42 | Combination therapy for patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus: adding empagliflozin to pioglitazone or pioglitazone plus metformin. ( Blevins, T, 2015) |
| "Metabolic syndrome has been associated with nodular goiter." | 1.42 | Association between worse metabolic control and increased thyroid volume and nodular disease in elderly adults with metabolic syndrome. ( Barreto, A; Blanc, E; Brenta, G; Brodschi, D; Cejas, C; Faingold, C; Fossati, P; Musso, C; Nepote, A; Ponce, C; Salgado, P; Schnitman, M, 2015) |
| "Many patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) do not achieve satisfactory glycemic control by monotherapy alone, and often require multiple oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs)." | 1.42 | [Fixed-dose combination]. ( Nagai, Y, 2015) |
| "Medical records of 1087 patients with type 2 diabetes were retrospectively analyzed and a group of 74 (6." | 1.42 | [Obesity as a factor in the development of cancer in type 2 diabetes]. ( Chodorowska, M; Jakubowska, I; Łukasiewicz, D, 2015) |
| "Metformin was treated as a time-dependent variable; and of these patients, 286,106 were never-users, and 193,369 were ever-users." | 1.42 | Metformin reduces ovarian cancer risk in Taiwanese women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Tseng, CH, 2015) |
| "Treatment with liraglutide resulted in mean decreases in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of -1." | 1.42 | Add-On Treatment with Liraglutide Improves Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes on Metformin Therapy. ( Brunetti, A; Capula, C; Chiefari, E; Foti, D; Greco, M; Liguori, R; Oliverio, R; Puccio, L; Pullano, V; Tirinato, D; Vero, A; Vero, R, 2015) |
| "Metformin is a first-line therapeutic option for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, even though its underlying mechanisms of action are relatively unclear." | 1.42 | Metformin activates a duodenal Ampk-dependent pathway to lower hepatic glucose production in rats. ( Côté, CD; Duca, FA; Filippi, BM; Lam, TK; Rasmussen, BA; Rutter, GA; Zadeh-Tahmasebi, M, 2015) |
| "We identified 3109 people with type 2 diabetes who initiated metformin as their first-ever antihyperglycaemic drug, analysing all 9918 HbA1c measurements that were taken over the next 2 years." | 1.42 | Impact on glycated haemoglobin of a biological response-based measure of medication adherence. ( Kimes, TM; Kurtyka, K; Mavros, P; Nichols, GA; Rosales, AG; Steiner, JF; Tunceli, K, 2015) |
| " The dose-response relationship was demonstrated in various models and an overall reduced risk was consistently supported by sensitivity analyses." | 1.42 | Metformin and endometrial cancer risk in Chinese women with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Taiwan. ( Tseng, CH, 2015) |
| "Treatment of type 2 diabetes with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists may be limited by gastrointestinal side effects (GISE) in some patients." | 1.42 | The influence of age and metformin treatment status on reported gastrointestinal side effects with liraglutide treatment in type 2 diabetes. ( Blann, AD; Gupta, PS; Ryder, RE; Thong, KY, 2015) |
| "The Cardiff Model was used to simulate disease progression and estimate the long-term effect of treatments on patients." | 1.42 | Cost-effectiveness of saxagliptin vs glimepiride as a second-line therapy added to metformin in Type 2 diabetes in China. ( Deng, J; Dong, H; Gu, S; Mu, Y; Shi, L, 2015) |
| "The treatment of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus is diverse, with no clear consensus regarding the initial drug regimen or dosing to achieve optimal glycemic control." | 1.42 | Getting to goal in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes using combination drug "subtraction therapy". ( George, TM; Jennings, AS; Jennings, JS; Lovett, AJ, 2015) |
| "Metformin is an antihyperglycemic drug that is widely prescribed for type 2 diabetes mellitus and is currently being investigated for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)." | 1.42 | Mechanism of Altered Metformin Distribution in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. ( Cherrington, NJ; Clarke, JD; Dzierlenga, AL; Goedken, MJ; Li, H; Nelson, NR; Werts, S, 2015) |
| "Comorbidity, young age, central obesity and poor baseline glycaemic control are important predictors of therapy one year after Type 2 diabetes mellitus debut." | 1.42 | Prescribing practices and clinical predictors of glucose-lowering therapy within the first year in people with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes. ( Beck-Nielsen, H; Berencsi, K; Brandslund, I; Christiansen, JS; Friborg, S; Mor, A; Nielsen, JS; Rungby, J; Svensson, E; Sørensen, HT; Thomsen, RW; Vaag, A, 2015) |
| "About 350 million people worldwide have type 2 diabetes (T2D)." | 1.42 | Increased Plasma Levels of Xanthurenic and Kynurenic Acids in Type 2 Diabetes. ( Oxenkrug, GF, 2015) |
| "Focused on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), this database study assessed drug utilization before and after a formulary restriction (2nd-3rd tier), and compared demographic and clinical characteristics of patients affected vs not by the restriction." | 1.42 | Description of anti-diabetic drug utilization pre- and post-formulary restriction of sitagliptin: findings from a national health plan. ( Huang, X; Liu, Z; Rajpathak, S; Shankar, RR, 2015) |
| "Metformin is a widely used drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes." | 1.42 | Metformin ameliorates ionizing irradiation-induced long-term hematopoietic stem cell injury in mice. ( Huang, S; Li, C; Li, D; Lu, L; Meng, A; Wang, Y; Wu, H; Xing, Y; Xu, G; Zhang, H; Zhang, J; Zhou, D, 2015) |
| "During the development of type 2 diabetes, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress leads to not only insulin resistance but also to pancreatic beta cell failure." | 1.42 | Regulation of Pancreatic β Cell Mass by Cross-Interaction between CCAAT Enhancer Binding Protein β Induced by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Activity. ( Asahara, S; Bartolome, A; Inoue, H; Kanno, A; Kawamoto, T; Kido, Y; Koyanagi-Kimura, M; Matsuda, T; Matsuura, Y; Mieda, Y; Ogawa, W; Seino, S; Shimizu, S; Suzuki, E; Takahashi, H; Takai, T; Yokoi, N, 2015) |
| "Metformin was physically and chemically stable within the processed blood for up to 30 days at 4°C." | 1.42 | Extemporaneous Formulations of Metformin for Pediatric Endocrinology: Physicochemical Integrity, Cytotoxicity of Sweeteners, and Quantitation of Plasma Levels. ( Alemón-Medina, R; Chávez-Pacheco, JL; García-Álvarez, R; Manuel Dávila-Borja, V; Ramírez-Mendiola, B; Rivera-Espinosa, L; Sámano-Salazar, C, 2015) |
| "813 metformin users were matched by propensity score to 2439 non-users." | 1.42 | Metformin use and mortality in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease: national, retrospective, observational, cohort study. ( Chang, YK; Chen, YH; Hsu, CC; Hung, SC; Kuo, KL; Liu, JS; Tarng, DC, 2015) |
| "In elderly Americans with type 2 diabetes, use of insulin and oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) accounts for almost one-fourth of drug adverse event-related hospitalizations." | 1.42 | Sulfonylurea monotherapy and emergency room utilization among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Brodovicz, K; Engel, SS; Fu, C; Heaton, PC; Rajpathak, SN, 2015) |
| "Most persons with type 2 diabetes are treated with oral anti diabetic drugs (OADs)." | 1.42 | Starting titrating and intensifying metformin. ( Gupta, Y; Kalra, S, 2015) |
| "Metformin is an oral drug that has been widely used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 1.42 | Metformin inhibits the proliferation, metastasis, and cancer stem-like sphere formation in osteosarcoma MG63 cells in vitro. ( Chen, X; Hu, C; Hu, F; Shen, Y; Wang, J; Yu, P; Zhang, W, 2015) |
| "It could be concluded that type 2 diabetes deteriorates thymic immunostasis." | 1.42 | Thymic emigration patterns in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin. ( Bekmukhambetov, Y; Dworacka, M; Dworacki, G; Frycz, BA; Iskakova, S; Jagodziński, PP; Urazayev, O, 2015) |
| "Among early type 2 diabetes patients receiving their first metformin add-on treatment, HbA(1c) reduction with different non-insulin drugs is similar to, and comparable with, that observed in randomised trials, yet 41% do not achieve HbA(1c) <7% (<53 mmol/mol) within 6 months." | 1.42 | Early glycaemic control in metformin users receiving their first add-on therapy: a population-based study of 4,734 people with type 2 diabetes. ( Baggesen, LM; Buhl, ES; Haase, CL; Johnsen, SP; Nørrelund, H; Pedersen, L; Søgaard, M; Thomsen, RW, 2015) |
| "A total of 123 patients had type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 1.42 | Prior treatment with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors is associated with better functional outcome and lower in-hospital mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted with acute ischaemic stroke. ( Bouziana, SD; Dourliou, V; Giampatzis, V; Hatzitolios, AI; Kostaki, S; Kostourou, DT; Papadopoulou, M; Savopoulos, C; Spanou, M; Tziomalos, K, 2015) |
| "Metformin eligibility was assessed among 3,902 adults with diabetes who participated in the 1999-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys and reported routine access to health care, using conventional sCr thresholds (eligible if <1." | 1.42 | Potential Impact of Prescribing Metformin According to eGFR Rather Than Serum Creatinine. ( Grubbs, V; Hsu, CY; Lin, F; Powe, NR; Saran, R; Saydah, S; Shahinian, V; Shlipak, MG; Tuot, DS; Williams, DE; Yee, J, 2015) |
| " This study aimed to evaluate the effect of metformin in combination with EGFR-TKI on the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2)." | 1.42 | Synergistic effects of metformin in combination with EGFR-TKI in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer and type 2 diabetes. ( Cao, M; Chen, H; Chu, Q; Han, R; He, Y; Sun, J; Wang, D; Wang, Y; Yao, W, 2015) |
| "Metformin treatment also led to marked decreases in cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) 4 protein levels and retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation." | 1.42 | Antitumor effect of metformin on cholangiocarcinoma: In vitro and in vivo studies. ( Fujihara, S; Fujimori, T; Iwama, H; Kamada, H; Kato, K; Kobara, H; Kobayashi, K; Masaki, T; Mori, H; Morishita, A; Okano, K; Suzuki, Y; Yamashita, T, 2015) |
| "Here metformin was delivered to diabetic mice and has got significant anti-diabetic effect can be considered as a kind of patch for NIDDM just like wearing and taking off a hand watch because hypoglycaemia can be removed by just taking off the patch." | 1.42 | A therapeutic TDS patch of Metformin from a HPMC-PVA blend studied with a biological membrane of fish-swim bladder: An approach for dermal application in NIDDM. ( Ferdaus, R; Jahan, L; Shaheen, SM, 2015) |
| "The strategy for the management ot type 2 diabetes, summarized by a group of European and American experts, has been updated early 2015." | 1.42 | [2015 updated position statement of the management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes]. ( Paquot, N; Scheen, AJ, 2015) |
| "Associations between type 2 diabetes, anti-diabetic medications and pancreatic cancer are controversial." | 1.42 | New-onset type 2 diabetes, elevated HbA1c, anti-diabetic medications, and risk of pancreatic cancer. ( Bexelius, TS; García Rodríguez, LA; González-Pérez, A; Lagergren, J; Lu, Y; Malgerud, L; Martín-Pérez, M, 2015) |
| "目的：研究西格列汀对2型糖尿病(Type 2 diabetes mellitus，T2DM)患者阿司匹林抵抗(aspirin resistance，AR)的影响及其机制。方法：从136例T2DM患者选取68例AR患者，随机分成西格列汀组及二甲双胍组，入组前及治疗过程中检测空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose，FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(glycated hemoglobin，HbAlc)、高敏C反应蛋白(high-sensitivity C reactive protein，hs-CRP)，治疗的第1，3，6，12个月分别检测二磷酸腺苷(adenosine diphosphate，ADP)及花生四烯酸(arachidonic acid，AA)诱导的血小板聚集率(platelet aggregation，PAG)，评价西格列汀对AR的影响。结果：经降糖治疗6个月后，两组患者FPG和HbAlc基本达标，降糖效果差异无统计学意义(P>0." | 1.42 | [Impact of sitagliptin on aspirin resistance in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus]. ( Chen, C; Li, L; Li, M; Li, Y; Ou, M; Xu, X, 2015) |
| "Metformin and glyburide treatment decreased the levels of BG and HbA1c [(9." | 1.42 | [Protective effects of metformin on glomerular podocytes of type 2 diabetes model rats]. ( Gu, J; Hu, W; Yang, D; Ye, S; Zhai, L, 2015) |
| "In primary care, once daily, breakable extended release gliclazide XR 60 mg, with a simple two step titration to administer maximum recommended dosage is effective in achieving short term glycemic control with a low frequency of hypoglycaemia, in monotherapy or in combination with metformin." | 1.42 | Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes with a Breakable Extended Release Gliclazide Formulation in Primary Care: The Xrise Study. ( Chopra, V; Jain, S; Jayaprakashsai, J; Mohan, V; Sanyal, D, 2015) |
| " Dosing of 42 in a single ascending dose study in normal healthy humans showed a dose dependent increase in exposure and a trend toward increased total GLP-1 plasma levels." | 1.40 | Discovery of 5-chloro-4-((1-(5-chloropyrimidin-2-yl)piperidin-4-yl)oxy)-1-(2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one (BMS-903452), an antidiabetic clinical candidate targeting GPR119. ( Boehm, S; Broekema, M; Cai, H; Chimalakonda, A; Chu, C; Everlof, G; Griffen, S; Han, SP; Hong, Z; Hung, CP; Krupinski, J; LaMarre, L; Lee, M; Li, YX; Luk, CE; Malmstrom, SE; Miller, KJ; O'Connor, S; Ponticiello, R; Robl, JA; Rossi, K; Sereda, L; Wacker, DA; Wang, Y; Wong, R; Wu, CK; Wu, G; Xin, L; Zalaznick, J; Zebo, R; Zhang, L; Zinker, B, 2014) |
| "Eight hundred euthyroid patients with type 2 diabetes (433 women, mean age 65·8 ± 12·5 years) and 671 euthyroid subjects without diabetes were retrospectively evaluated." | 1.40 | An analysis of the relative risk for goitre in euthyroid patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Díez, JJ; Iglesias, P, 2014) |
| "Metformin is a safe, effective and inexpensive generic medication favouring weight loss, recommended as initial treatment of type 2 diabetes by the American Diabetes Association." | 1.40 | A novel cobiotic containing a prebiotic and an antioxidant augments the glucose control and gastrointestinal tolerability of metformin: a case report. ( Greenway, F; Heiman, M; Wang, S, 2014) |
| " The differences in the reductions achieved in FPG and HbA1c with the two dosing regimens were significant." | 1.40 | Glycemic effects of vildagliptin and metformin combination therapy in Indian patients with type 2 diabetes: an observational study. ( Chatterjee, S, 2014) |
| "Prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing and is associated with elevated long-term risk of T2D and other adverse cardio-metabolic events; however, consensus is lacking on intervention strategies aimed at reducing this risk." | 1.40 | Metformin in the treatment of obese children and adolescents at risk of type 2 diabetes. ( Amin, R; Clayton, PE; Kendall, DL, 2014) |
| "Metformin exposure was associated with reduced breast and prostate cancer incidence, but had no association with colon cancer risk." | 1.40 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus, glycemic control, and cancer risk. ( Berg, RL; Doi, SA; Engel, JM; Glurich, I; Onitilo, AA; Stankowski, RV; Williams, GM, 2014) |
| "This study selected luminal-type breast cancer patients as the study subjects." | 1.40 | Clinical pathological characteristics and prognostic analysis of diabetic women with luminal subtype breast cancer. ( Hao, X; Hou, G; Xiao, Y; Zhang, J; Zhang, S; Zhang, X, 2014) |
| "Metformin was continued by 64 % of patients following mixed or mealtime insulin initiation; the continuation rate was nearly as high for sulfonylureas (58 %)." | 1.40 | Trends in insulin initiation and treatment intensification among patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Avorn, J; Choudhry, NK; Fischer, MA; Liu, J; Patrick, AR; Polinski, JM; Seeger, JD; Shrank, WH, 2014) |
| "Metformin is a kind of oral hypoglycemic agents commonly prescribed to patients with diabetes mellitus." | 1.40 | Metformin-inclusive therapy reduces the risk of stroke in patients with diabetes: a 4-year follow-up study. ( Chen, CL; Chen, TJ; Cheng, YY; Kao, CL; Kuo, CH; Lee, SD; Leu, HB, 2014) |
| "Metformin is an oral antihyperglycemic agent used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 1.40 | Fatal metformin overdose: case report and postmortem biochemistry contribution. ( Bonsignore, A; Fraternali Orcioni, G; Palmiere, C; Pozzi, F; Ventura, F, 2014) |
| "Given that sleep disorders are known to be related to insulin resistance, and metformin has favourable effects on insulin resistance and on ventilatory drive, we sought to determine whether metformin therapy was related to sleep variables in a group of patients with Type 2 diabetes." | 1.40 | The relationship between metformin therapy and sleep quantity and quality in patients with Type 2 diabetes referred for potential sleep disorders. ( Basille-Fantinato, A; Diouf, M; Fendri, S; Jounieaux, V; Kajbaf, F; Lalau, JD; Rose, D, 2014) |
| "Treatment with metformin was associated with a significant weight reduction (P = 0·033), which resulted from a decrease in BF% (P = 0·044) but was not associated with changes in android and gynoid depots." | 1.40 | Changes in adiponectin level and fat distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Dziwura-Ogonowska, J; Iskierska, K; Miazgowski, T; Safranow, K; Widecka, K, 2014) |
| "Metformin is a biguanide group oral antidiabetic drug used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 1.40 | Lactic acidosis induced by metformin in a chronic hemodialysis patient with diabetes mellitus type 2. ( Altun, E; Karayaylalı, I; Kaya, B; Paydaş, S; Sarıakçalı, B, 2014) |
| "Metformin is an established first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, but intensification of oral anti-diabetes therapy is usually required over time." | 1.40 | Real-life efficacy and safety of vildagliptin compared with sulfonylureas as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Germany. ( Bader, G; Dworak, M; Göke, R; Gruenberger, JB, 2014) |
| "Treatment with metformin attenuated the HG-induced reduction of SIRT1 expression, modulated the SIRT1 downstream targets FoxO-1 and p53/p21, and protected endothelial cells from HG-induced premature senescence." | 1.40 | Metformin modulates hyperglycaemia-induced endothelial senescence and apoptosis through SIRT1. ( Arunachalam, G; Ding, H; Marei, I; Samuel, SM; Triggle, CR, 2014) |
| "Metformin treatment is associated with increased RMIC apoptosis in both normally hydrated and dehydrated T2D mice." | 1.40 | Metformin induces renal medullary interstitial cell apoptosis in type 2 diabetic mice. ( Du, S; Fu, J; Guan, Y; Han, Q; Huang, S; Jia, X; Liu, J; Su, W; Zhang, X; Zheng, S; Zhou, Y, 2014) |
| "Metformin was often used in patients with contraindications to its use, or in higher than recommended dosages." | 1.40 | Metformin usage in type 2 diabetes mellitus: are safety guidelines adhered to? ( Castelino, RL; Huang, W; Peterson, GM, 2014) |
| "Metformin treatment was similarly evaluated and found not to have adverse effects on pancreas." | 1.40 | Characterization of the exocrine pancreas in the male Zucker diabetic fatty rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus following 3 months of treatment with sitagliptin. ( Cunningham, C; Dey, M; Forest, T; Frederick, C; Holder, D; Prahalada, S; Smith, A; Yao, X, 2014) |
| "With the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes in young adulthood, treatment of diabetes in pregnancy faces new challenges." | 1.40 | Anti-diabetic drug utilization of pregnant diabetic women in us managed care. ( Delaney, JA; Knox, CA; Winterstein, AG, 2014) |
| "Patients treated for type 2 diabetes with sulphonylurea in monotherapy (n = 21) or in combination with metformin (n = 135) were provided with glucose-monitoring devices and instructed to measure fasting blood glucose levels once per week and additionally at any signs and symptoms suggesting low blood glucose for a period of three months." | 1.40 | CYP2C9, KCNJ11 and ABCC8 polymorphisms and the response to sulphonylurea treatment in type 2 diabetes patients. ( Dolžan, V; Janež, A; Klen, J, 2014) |
| "Her treatment was metformin 850 mg every 12 hours and glimepiride 4 mg every 24 hours." | 1.40 | How to prevent and treat pharmacological hypoglycemias. ( Mezquita Raya, P; Reyes García, R, 2014) |
| " Information on the prescribed dosage of metformin was acquired from patient files." | 1.40 | [Metformin, renal function and lactate: the MetClear Study]. ( Geelhoed-Duijvestijn, NH; Mitrov-Winkelmolen, L; Oude Engberink, RD; Ponjee, GA; Roelofs, R; Vleming, LJ; Wilms, EB, 2014) |
| "Metformin use was associated with improved CD4 recovery (p=0." | 1.40 | Cohort study of diabetes in HIV-infected adult patients: evaluating the effect of diabetes mellitus on immune reconstitution. ( Cary, MS; Chikuse, F; Kwadiba, G; Moyo, D; Mushisha, O; Reid, MJ; Steenhoff, AP; Tanthuma, G, 2014) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment suppressed mRNA and protein expression of fetuin-A in Fao hepatoma cells." | 1.40 | Direct inhibitory effects of pioglitazone on hepatic fetuin-A expression. ( Emoto, M; Fukumoto, S; Imanishi, Y; Inaba, M; Ishimura, E; Koyama, H; Mori, K; Morioka, T; Motoyama, K; Nakatani, S; Ochi, A, 2014) |
| "A model that incorporates HbA1c and diabetes complications can serve as a useful clinical decision tool for selection of treatment options." | 1.40 | Second-line agents for glycemic control for type 2 diabetes: are newer agents better? ( Denton, BT; Mason, JE; McCoy, RG; Shah, ND; Smith, SA; Zhang, Y, 2014) |
| "Metformin use has been associated with a decreased incidence and mortality of various cancers." | 1.40 | Long-term metformin use reduces gastric cancer risk in type 2 diabetics without insulin treatment: a nationwide cohort study. ( Cho, SJ; Choi, IJ; Kim, CG; Kim, SY; Kim, YI; Kim, YW; Kook, MC; Lee, EK; Lee, YJ; Park, JH; Ryu, KW, 2014) |
| "We propose definitions of the different states of waiting, persistence, with sufficient supply to implement the prescribed dosing regimen, gaps, nonpersistence, and nonacceptance and an algorithm for transitions between states to describe long-term adherence to medication treatment." | 1.40 | A multistate model and an algorithm for measuring long-term adherence to medication: a case of diabetes mellitus type 2. ( Aagaard, L; Carstensen, B; Hansen, EH; Jensen, ML; Jørgensen, ME, 2014) |
| "Older adults with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk for mild and severe cognitive impairment probably as consequence of chronic hyperglycemia or fasting plasma glucose levels." | 1.40 | Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors have protective effect on cognitive impairment in aged diabetic patients with mild cognitive impairment. ( Angellotti, E; Barbieri, M; Boccardi, V; Marfella, R; Paolisso, G; Rizzo, MR, 2014) |
| "Metformin is a commonly used oral hypoglycaemic agent worldwide." | 1.40 | Long term use of metformin leading to vitamin B 12 deficiency. ( Tan, LK; Tung, ML, 2014) |
| "Treatment with metformin plus vildagliptin yielded a mean per-patient gain of 0." | 1.40 | Cost-effectiveness of metformin plus vildagliptin compared with metformin plus sulphonylurea for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a Portuguese healthcare system perspective. ( Calado, F; Carvalho, D; Gruenberger, JB; Johal, S; Ong, SH; Silva-Nunes, J; Viana, R; Viriato, D, 2014) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes were selected if initiated with metformin or sulphonylurea monotherapy as their first-line glucose-lowering regimen 2000-2012." | 1.40 | Association between first-line monotherapy with sulphonylurea versus metformin and risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events: a retrospective, observational study. ( Currie, CJ; Holden, SE; Jenkins-Jones, S; Morgan, CL; Mukherjee, J, 2014) |
| "Metformin is a first-line oral agent used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, but glycaemic response to this drug is highly variable." | 1.40 | Heritability of variation in glycaemic response to metformin: a genome-wide complex trait analysis. ( Ahlqvist, E; Colhoun, HM; Deshmukh, H; Donnelly, L; Groop, L; Li, M; McCarthy, MI; Morris, AD; Palmer, CN; Pearson, ER; Sham, PC; Spencer, CC; Van Zuydam, N; Yang, J; Zhou, K, 2014) |
| "Metformin treatment was effective in lowering hyperglycemia only during the first 2 weeks of treatment." | 1.40 | Daily exercise training protects against albuminuria and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 shedding in db/db diabetic mice. ( Boivin, GP; Elased, KM; Somineni, HK, 2014) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes were selected if initiated with combination therapies comprising metformin plus SU or DPP-4i 2007-2012." | 1.40 | Combination therapy with metformin plus sulphonylureas versus metformin plus DPP-4 inhibitors: association with major adverse cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. ( Currie, CJ; Holden, SE; Jenkins-Jones, S; Morgan, CL; Mukherjee, J, 2014) |
| "Several drugs are available for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but few patients achieve and maintain glycaemic control without weight gain and hypoglycaemias." | 1.40 | Tofogliflozin: the road goes ever on. ( Pafili, K; Papanas, N, 2014) |
| "Metformin is an oral anti-hyperglycemic agent of the biguanide family, which is used first-line for type II diabetes with few side-effects." | 1.40 | Metformin inhibits proliferation and enhances chemosensitivity of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. ( Dong, C; Fan, N; Feng, T; Ke, Q; Li, L; Li, Y; Li, Z; Ling, S; Wang, C; Wang, L; Xu, F, 2014) |
| "63) and nine times less likely to adhere to their medications if they received more than once daily dosing of diabetic medication (OR = 0." | 1.40 | Predictors of non-adherence to pharmacotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Almrayat, R; Alqudah, S; Jarab, AS; Khdour, M; Mukattash, TL; Pinto, S; Thehairat, E, 2014) |
| "Characteristic findings of type 1 and type 2 diabetes may be present simultaneously." | 1.40 | [Difficult diagnosis in a 17-year-old patient: Type 1 diabetes? Type 2 diabetes? Or "double diabetes"?]. ( Engelsberger, I; Warncke, K, 2014) |
| " Overall, 546 patients and healthy volunteers contributed their genome-wide, pharmacokinetic (235 subjects), and HbA1c data (440 patients) for this analysis." | 1.40 | Genetic variants in transcription factors are associated with the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metformin. ( Brett, C; Castro, R; Davis, RL; Giacomini, KM; Goswami, S; Hedderson, MM; Kubo, M; Liang, X; Maeda, S; Mefford, JA; Mosley, JD; Roden, DM; Savic, RM; Simpson, MD; Stocker, S; Wen, C; Witte, J; Yee, SW, 2014) |
| "Metformin is a biguanide drug that is widely prescribed for type 2 diabetes." | 1.40 | Convergence of IPMK and LKB1-AMPK signaling pathways on metformin action. ( Ahima, RS; Bang, S; Chen, Y; Kim, SF, 2014) |
| "Hyperglycemia is associated with increased risk of all-site cancer that may be mediated through activation of the renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme-A-reductase (HMGCR) pathways." | 1.40 | Additive effects of blood glucose lowering drugs, statins and renin-angiotensin system blockers on all-site cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Chan, JC; Cheung, KK; Chow, CC; Kong, AP; Lee, HM; Luk, A; Ma, RC; Ozaki, R; So, WY; Xu, G; Yang, X; Yu, L, 2014) |
| "A total of 740 patients with incident Type 2 diabetes were registered at the Laxå Primary Health Care Centre, Sweden between 1972 and 2001." | 1.40 | Effects of fasting blood glucose levels and blood pressure and treatment of diabetes and hypertension on the incidence of cardiovascular disease: a study of 740 patients with incident Type 2 diabetes with up to 30 years' follow-up. ( Andersson, DK; Jansson, SP; Svärdsudd, K, 2014) |
| "A total of 95,820 participants with type 2 diabetes who started taking metformin and other oral antidiabetes medications within 12 months of their diagnosis (initiators) were followed up for first incident cancer diagnosis without regard to any subsequent changes in pharmacotherapy." | 1.40 | Metformin does not affect cancer risk: a cohort study in the U.K. Clinical Practice Research Datalink analyzed like an intention-to-treat trial. ( Allen, NE; Ashby, D; Capothanassi, D; Ioannidis, JP; Lopez, DS; Rizos, EC; Sacerdote, C; Tsilidis, KK; Tzoulaki, I; van Veldhoven, K; Vineis, P, 2014) |
| " While Paracelsus' law for the dose-response effect has been commonly exploited for the use of some anti-cancer drugs at lower doses in non-neoplastic diseases (e." | 1.40 | Oncobiguanides: Paracelsus' law and nonconventional routes for administering diabetobiguanides for cancer treatment. ( Bosch-Barrera, J; Corominas-Faja, B; Cufí, S; Cuyàs, E; Joven, J; Martin-Castillo, B; Menendez, JA; Quirantes-Piné, R; Rodríguez-Gallego, E; Segura-Carretero, A, 2014) |
| "Metformin is considered first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 1.40 | Differing effects of metformin on glycemic control by race-ethnicity. ( Ahmedani, BK; González Burchard, E; Lanfear, DE; Padhukasahasram, B; Peterson, EL; Wells, KE; Williams, LK, 2014) |
| "Patient 1: A 63-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus presented to emergency department (ED) of Lodi (Italy) for dyspnea." | 1.40 | Acute metformin intoxication: 2012 experience of Emergency Departement of Lodi, Italy. ( Acquistapace, G; Canetta, C; Cosci, P; Garbi, M; Manelli, A; Ricevuti, G; Rossi, M, 2014) |
| "Metformin is a widely prescribed drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes." | 1.40 | Metformin impairs mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle of both lean and diabetic rats in a dose-dependent manner. ( Ciapaite, J; Nicolay, K; Prompers, JJ; van den Broek, NM; Wessels, B, 2014) |
| "The IHE Cohort Model of Type 2 Diabetes was used to evaluate clinical and economic outcomes from a societal perspective." | 1.40 | Cost-effectiveness of add-on treatments to metformin in a Swedish setting: liraglutide vs sulphonylurea or sitagplitin. ( Persson, U; Steen Carlsson, K, 2014) |
| " The place of metformin is of particular interest since most scientific societies now recommend using half the dosage in moderate RI and abstaining from use in severe RI, while the classic contraindication with RI has not been removed from the label." | 1.40 | How are patients with type 2 diabetes and renal disease monitored and managed? Insights from the observational OREDIA study. ( Blicklé, JF; Dejager, S; Fiquet, B; Penfornis, A; Quéré, S, 2014) |
| "Vildagliptin-treated patients had significantly (P<0." | 1.40 | Use of metformin and vildagliptin for treatment of type 2 diabetes in the elderly. ( Navarro-Artieda, R; Sicras-Mainar, A, 2014) |
| "The cohort consisted of 935 men with prostate cancer and a history of type II diabetes." | 1.40 | The use of metformin in patients with prostate cancer and the risk of death. ( Azoulay, L; Bensimon, L; Pollak, MN; Suissa, S; Yin, H, 2014) |
| "Biguanides also inhibit mitochondrial ATP synthase, and two of them inhibit only ATP hydrolysis, not synthesis." | 1.40 | Effects of metformin and other biguanides on oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. ( Bridges, HR; Hirst, J; Jones, AJ; Pollak, MN, 2014) |
| "6) % was achieved on prescribed metformin dosage of 2550 (2000-2550) mg per day." | 1.40 | The role of genetic factors and kidney and liver function in glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients on long-term metformin and sulphonylurea cotreatment. ( Dolžan, V; Goričar, K; Janež, A; Klen, J, 2014) |
| "Presently, type 2 diabetes (T2D) can neither be prevented nor cured and the disease is associated with devastating chronic complications." | 1.40 | Can genetics improve precision of therapy in diabetes? ( Groop, L; Rosengren, A; Storm, P, 2014) |
| "Inflammation has been proposed as the main cause for the high risk of atherosclerotic disease in DM II." | 1.40 | Impaired fibrous repair: a possible contributor to atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability in patients with type II diabetes. ( Bengtsson, E; Björkbacka, H; Dunér, P; Edsfeldt, A; Gonçalves, I; Grufman, H; Melander, O; Mollet, IG; Nilsson, J; Nilsson, M; Nitulescu, M; Orho-Melander, M; Persson, A, 2014) |
| "Metformin use has been associated with a decreased risk of some cancers, although data on head and neck cancer (HNC) are scarce." | 1.40 | Metformin and the risk of head and neck cancer: a case-control analysis. ( Becker, C; Bodmer, M; Jick, SS; Meier, CR, 2014) |
| "Subjects with type 2 diabetes who progressed to first-line treatment with metformin or sulphonylurea monotherapy were selected and matched to people without diabetes." | 1.40 | Can people with type 2 diabetes live longer than those without? A comparison of mortality in people initiated with metformin or sulphonylurea monotherapy and matched, non-diabetic controls. ( Bannister, CA; Currie, CJ; Halcox, JP; Holden, SE; Jenkins-Jones, S; Morgan, CL; Mukherjee, J; Schernthaner, G, 2014) |
| "A total of 799 type 2 diabetes patients using metformin was enrolled." | 1.40 | Association of vitamin B12 deficiency and metformin use in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Ahn, YB; Han, KD; Kim, HS; Ko, SH; Park, YM; Song, KH, 2014) |
| "Non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NC-CAH), one of the most common genetic disorders, is often associated with the clinical features of hyperandrogenism." | 1.40 | The effect of metformin on androgen production in diabetic women with non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia. ( Krysiak, R; Okopien, B, 2014) |
| "The incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its costs to the health care system continue to rise." | 1.40 | Metformin pharmacogenomics: current status and future directions. ( Florez, JC; Giacomini, KM; McKeon, C; Pawlyk, AC; Shuldiner, AR, 2014) |
| "Type II diabetes increases liver cancer risk but the risk may be mitigated by anti-diabetic medications." | 1.40 | Anti-diabetic medications and risk of primary liver cancer in persons with type II diabetes. ( Hagberg, KW; Jick, S; McGlynn, KA; Sahasrabuddhe, VV, 2014) |
| "Metformin use was associated with a decreased risk of AF in patients with type 2 DM who were not using other anti-diabetic medication, probably via attenuation of atrial cell tachycardia-induced myolysis and oxidative stress." | 1.40 | Association of metformin with lower atrial fibrillation risk among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based dynamic cohort and in vitro studies. ( Chang, SH; Chen, WJ; Chiou, MJ; Kuo, CF; Liu, JR; See, LC; Wen, MS; Wu, LS; Yeh, YH; Yu, KH, 2014) |
| "Metformin dosing is an independent associated factor of serum CA125 levels reduction in type 2 diabetics, especially females." | 1.40 | [Effects of metformin therapy on serum CA125 levels and its related factors in type 2 diabetics]. ( Hou, W; Jia, W; Li, M; Liu, F; Lu, F; Lu, W; Yin, J; Zhang, D, 2014) |
| " When all options are relatively safe given the benefits they confer, therapeutic decision making must rely on a personalized approach, taking into account patients' clinical circumstances, phenotype, pathophysiological defects, preferences, abilities, and costs." | 1.40 | Beyond metformin: safety considerations in the decision-making process for selecting a second medication for type 2 diabetes management: reflections from a diabetes care editors' expert forum. ( Buse, JB; Cefalu, WT; Del Prato, S; Home, PD; LeRoith, D; Nauck, MA; Raz, I; Riddle, MC; Rosenstock, J, 2014) |
| "The treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) follows a stepwise progression." | 1.40 | The evaluation of clinical and cost outcomes associated with earlier initiation of insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Curtis, BH; Gahn, JC; Murphy, DR; Smolen, HJ; Yu, X, 2014) |
| "Metformin was treated as a time-dependent variable." | 1.40 | Metformin significantly reduces incident prostate cancer risk in Taiwanese men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Tseng, CH, 2014) |
| "This association is less clear in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC)." | 1.40 | Diabetes mellitus and ovarian cancer: more complex than just increasing risk. ( Daily, LB; Erickson, BK; Fauci, JM; Haygood, CW; Leath, CA; Martin, JY; Matin, T; McGwin, G; Pasko, D; Shah, MM, 2014) |
| "Treatment with metformin or Meilian Xiaoke capsule alone for 2 or 4 weeks did not produce significant improvement of blood glucose in the diabetic rats." | 1.40 | [Meilian Xiaoke capsule combined with metformin for protecting islet cells and lowering blood glucose in diabetic rats]. ( Hu, C; Jin, X; Tong, L; Zhang, S, 2014) |
| " Some observational studies have shown a reduced risk of lung cancer in DM patients taking metformin, but a dose-response relationship has never been reported." | 1.40 | Metformin decreases lung cancer risk in diabetic patients in a dose-dependent manner. ( Chang, PY; Chiu, HC; Huang, MS; Kung, YT; Shen, YT; Sheu, CC; Tsai, MJ; Yang, CJ, 2014) |
| "Metformin, a standard therapy in type 2 diabetes, reduces vitamin B12 levels." | 1.40 | Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with adverse lipid profile in Europeans and Indians with type 2 diabetes. ( Adaikalakoteswari, A; Anjana, RM; Gokulakrishnan, K; Jayashri, R; Kumar, S; McTernan, PG; Mohan, V; Patel, V; Pradeepa, R; Saravanan, P; Sukumar, N; Tripathi, G; Venkataraman, H, 2014) |
| "Weight gain was associated with a significant increase in all-cause costs of $3400 per year compared with the weight-neutral cohort; however, differences in T2DM-specific costs and discontinuation rates did not reach significance levels." | 1.40 | Economic implications of weight change in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Bell, K; D'Souza, A; Graham, J; Lamerato, L; Parasuraman, S; Raju, A; Shah, M, 2014) |
| "A total of 394 patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin and sulfonylurea (S+M group, n = 299) or metformin and insulin (I+M group, n = 95) were consecutively recruited." | 1.40 | Higher prevalence of metformin-induced vitamin B12 deficiency in sulfonylurea combination compared with insulin combination in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study. ( Ahn, YB; Kang, D; Ko, SH; Lim, TS; Park, YM; Yun, JS, 2014) |
| "780), and all categories of the dose-response parameters showed significantly lower risk with P-trends < 0." | 1.40 | Metformin reduces thyroid cancer risk in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Tseng, CH, 2014) |
| " Positive correlations were observed between B 12 concentration, age and dosage and duration of metformin treatment." | 1.40 | The prevalence of low vitamin B12 status in people with type 2 diabetes receiving metformin therapy in New Zealand--a clinical audit. ( Haeusler, S; Krebs, JD; Parry-Strong, A, 2014) |
| "Gliclazide or metformin-treated patients demonstrated lesser mortality risk than glibenclamide-treated ones in all four evaluation models, but age and duration stratification can influence this phenomenon in case of "first prescription model"." | 1.40 | Evaluation approach can significantly influence oral glucose-lowering drugs total mortality risks in retrospective cohorts of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. ( Khalangot, M; Kovtun, V, 2014) |
| "Patients with type 2 Diabetes and nonlacunar isehemic stroke met the standardized criteria were included and divided into sulfonylures (SU) group and Non-SU group." | 1.40 | [Effects of sulfonylureas on patients with type 2 diabetes and acute nonlacunar ischemic stroke]. ( Chen, DM; Yu, YR, 2014) |
| "The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among adults worldwide is rapidly increasing, and in patients with diabetes the major cause of death is macrovascular disease." | 1.40 | Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase by metformin protects human coronary artery endothelial cells against diabetic lipoapoptosis. ( Eriksson, L; Nyström, T, 2014) |
| "Metformin use was neither associated with an increased nor a decreased risk of esophageal cancer." | 1.40 | Metformin use and the risk of esophageal cancer in Barrett esophagus. ( Agrawal, A; Agrawal, S; Deidrich, W; Makhijani, N; Markert, R; Patel, P, 2014) |
| "The effects of metformin on venous thrombosis in patient with type 2 DM have not been reported." | 1.40 | Metformin use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with reduced risk of deep vein thrombosis: a non-randomized, pair-matched cohort study. ( Chan, WL; Chen, JW; Chung, CM; Huang, CC; Huang, PH; Leu, HB; Lin, SJ; Lu, DY, 2014) |
| "There was a significant lowering of HbA1c, fasting blood glucose levels, postprandial glucose levels and better blood pressure control by which we have proved that GLP1 analogues in combination with basal insulin and metformin provide a good glycaemic control with a cardio protective effect, and reduce the risk of late complications." | 1.40 | Effects of Teraphy with Basal Insulin Analogues Combined with GLP 1 Analogues and Metformin in the Treatment of Obese Patients with Poorly Regulated Postprandial Glycemia. ( Buturovic, BA; Narancic, AM; Ristic, LB, 2014) |
| "His HbA1c was 9." | 1.40 | Successful Management of Type 2 Diabetes with Lifestyle Intervention: A Case Report. ( Liebhauser, M; Mittermayer, F; Ofner, M, 2014) |
| " In addition, YH-GKA exhibited high bioavailability and moderate elimination in preclinical species." | 1.39 | Discovery of a novel phenylethyl benzamide glucokinase activator for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Choi, HH; Chong, W; Han, T; Kim, YH; Lee, BM; Lee, CH; Lee, DH; Park, K; Yi, W, 2013) |
| "Vildagliptin is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor that is given either alone or in combination with oral hypoglycemic drugs, including metformin." | 1.39 | Effects of vildagliptin/metformin therapy on patient-reported outcomes: work productivity, patient satisfaction, and resource utilization. ( Genovese, S; Tedeschi, D, 2013) |
| "We observe, in patients with type 2 diabetes of recent onset, the activity of the autonomic nervous system and glucose metabolic impairment." | 1.39 | Correlation between glycemic trends assessed by 24 h continuous monitoring and autonomic activity in patients with recent onset type 2 diabetes. ( Borgognoni, L; Di Stefano, A; Fiorentini, A; Fontana, V; Paris, A; Pascucci, M; Picciarella, A; Russo, A; Tubani, L, 2013) |
| "Type 2 diabetes is defined by chronic hyperglycaemia, decreased insulin secretion and increased insulin resistance and is often associated with overweight or obesity, hypertension and dyslipidaemia." | 1.39 | HbA1c targets in type 2 diabetes: guidelines and evidence. ( , 2013) |
| "Metformin has become the most commonly used initial medication for the treatment of diabetes." | 1.39 | Trends in selection and timing of first-line pharmacotherapy in older patients with type 2 diabetes diagnosed between 1994 and 2006. ( Foster, PD; Gomes, T; Juurlink, DN; Mamdani, MM; Paterson, JM; Shah, BR, 2013) |
| "Metformin initiation was associated with a lower risk of kidney function decline or death compared to sulfonylureas, which which appeared to be independent of changes in BMI, SBP, and glycated hemoglobin over time." | 1.39 | Kidney function decline in metformin versus sulfonylurea initiators: assessment of time-dependent contribution of weight, blood pressure, and glycemic control. ( Greevy, RA; Griffin, MR; Grijalva, CG; Hung, AM; Liu, X; Murff, HJ; Roumie, CL, 2013) |
| "Furthermore, in 5 (44%) of the 11 ovarian cancer primary cultures, micromolar metformin improved the cytotoxic response to carboplatin but not paclitaxel or doxorubicin." | 1.39 | Metformin, at concentrations corresponding to the treatment of diabetes, potentiates the cytotoxic effects of carboplatin in cultures of ovarian cancer cells. ( Alonso, C; Barra, A; Barriga, MI; Brañes, J; Bravo, E; Bravo, ML; Bustamente, E; Cuello, MA; Erices, R; Garrido, M; Gonzalez, P; Ibañez, C; Kato, S; Oliva, B; Owen, GI; Pizarro, J; Racordon, D, 2013) |
| "Analyses were focused on breast and prostate cancer to reflect the most common cancers in women and men, respectively." | 1.39 | Breast and prostate cancer survivors in a diabetic cohort: results from the Living with Diabetes Study. ( Doi, SA; Donald, M; Engel, JM; Onitilo, AA; Stankowski, RV; Williams, G, 2013) |
| "His parents both had a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes." | 1.39 | Diabetes mellitus with Laron syndrome: case report. ( Agladıoglu, SY; Aycan, Z; Bas, VN; Cetınkaya, S; Kendırcı, HN; Onder, A; Savas Erdeve, S, 2013) |
| "Metformin treatment alone or with sitagliptin decreased islet amyloid deposition to a similar extent vs untreated mice." | 1.39 | One year of sitagliptin treatment protects against islet amyloid-associated β-cell loss and does not induce pancreatitis or pancreatic neoplasia in mice. ( Aston-Mourney, K; Goldstein, LC; Hull, RL; Meier, DT; Samarasekera, T; Subramanian, SL; Zraika, S, 2013) |
| "Numerous patients with type 2 diabetes have renal impairment, especially in the elderly population." | 1.39 | [How I treat ... with metformin a diabetic patient with moderate renal insufficiency]. ( Scheen, AJ, 2013) |
| " No differences in total levothyroxine dosage were found: 114 (100-150) [median (Q1-Q3)] μg in the non-MF group versus 125 (100-142) μg in the MF group (p=0." | 1.39 | Are levothyroxine requirements lower in thyroidectomized diabetic patients on metformin treatment? ( Casteràs, A; Ciudin, A; Mesa, J; Zafon, C, 2013) |
| " Clinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data suggest the efficacy and once daily dosing of gemigliptin." | 1.39 | Gemigliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor: first new anti-diabetic drug in the history of Korean pharmaceutical industry. ( Kim, SH; Lee, SH; Yim, HJ, 2013) |
| "Metformin intolerance was associated with a reduced prevalence of macroangiopathy (P=0." | 1.39 | What is the phenotype of patients with gastrointestinal intolerance to metformin? ( Ahn, SA; Hermans, MP; Rousseau, MF, 2013) |
| "The hyperglycaemia seen in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is associated with increased oxidative stress and production of reactive oxygen species, both of which are factors that can provoke DNA damage." | 1.39 | The influence on DNA damage of glycaemic parameters, oral antidiabetic drugs and polymorphisms of genes involved in the DNA repair system. ( Bonotto, RM; da Silva, BS; de Andrade, FM; Grohe, RE; Linden, R; Maluf, SW; Meyer, JB; Palazzo, Rde P; Perassolo, MS; Rovaris, DL, 2013) |
| "Metformin exposure was determined based on prescriptions before cancer diagnosis, and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were estimated using conditional logistic regression." | 1.39 | Association between metformin use and risk of prostate cancer and its grade. ( Austin, PC; Bell, CM; Fleshner, N; Kulkarni, G; Lipscombe, LL; Margel, D; Urbach, D, 2013) |
| "Metformin was independently associated with lower prevalence of cardiovascular disease for any age quartile and eGFR category than all other treatments." | 1.39 | Age, renal dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, and antihyperglycemic treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus: findings from the Renal Insufficiency and Cardiovascular Events Italian Multicenter Study. ( Bonora, E; Cavalot, F; Cignarelli, M; Ferrannini, E; Fondelli, C; Morano, S; Orsi, E; Penno, G; Pugliese, G; Solini, A; Trevisan, R; Vedovato, M, 2013) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an increasingly common threat to the health of elderly Americans." | 1.39 | Incretin-based therapy compared with non-insulin alternatives in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Marcy, TR; Zhao, Q, 2013) |
| "Metformin and AICAR activate aPKC together with AMPK in human hepatocytes." | 1.39 | Metformin action in human hepatocytes: coactivation of atypical protein kinase C alters 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase effects on lipogenic and gluconeogenic enzyme expression. ( Farese, RV; Ivey, RA; Sajan, MP, 2013) |
| "The growing epidemic of type 2 diabetes is one of the leading causes of premature morbidity and mortality worldwide, mainly due to the micro- and macrovascular complications associated with the disease." | 1.39 | The early treatment of type 2 diabetes. ( Pratley, RE, 2013) |
| "DiaRegis included 3810 patients with type 2 diabetes in which antidiabetic therapy was intensified." | 1.39 | Prognostic implications of DPP-4 inhibitor vs. sulfonylurea use on top of metformin in a real world setting - results of the 1 year follow-up of the prospective DiaRegis registry. ( Binz, C; Bramlage, P; Deeg, E; Gitt, AK; Krekler, M; Tschöpe, D, 2013) |
| "Metformin use was identified by filled prescriptions within 90 days before admission." | 1.39 | Preadmission metformin use and mortality among intensive care patients with diabetes: a cohort study. ( Christensen, S; Christiansen, C; Johansen, M; O'Brien, JM; Sørensen, H; Tønnesen, E, 2013) |
| "During eight weeks all patients with type 2 diabetes visiting the diabetic outpatient clinic of the Isala Clinics in Zwolle were approached for participation." | 1.39 | Vitamin B12 deficiency and the lack of its consequences in type 2 diabetes patients using metformin. ( Bilo, HJ; de Groot-Kamphuis, DM; Groenier, KH; Houweling, ST; Kleefstra, N; van Dijk, PR, 2013) |
| "Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk of future development of type 2 diabetes." | 1.39 | Prediction of type 2 diabetes in women with a history of gestational diabetes using a genetic risk score. ( Cho, NH; Cho, YM; Choi, SH; Jang, HC; Jung, HS; Kim, K; Kim, SY; Kwak, SH; Lim, S; Park, KS, 2013) |
| "Metformin can increase the expression of SIRT1 and reduce the expression of UCP2, with negative correlation between the expression of SIRT1 and UCP2." | 1.39 | [Effect of metformin on the expression of SIRT1 and UCP2 in rat liver of type 2 diabetes mellitus and nonalcoholic fatty liver]. ( Ding, S; Jiao, Y; Li, N; Wang, J; Xu, J; Zhang, C; Zhang, J, 2013) |
| "An 82-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and unstable angina presented with severe lactic acidosis and acute kidney injury (AKI) accompanied by acute pancreatitis." | 1.39 | Severe lactic acidosis and acute pancreatitis associated with cimetidine in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus taking metformin. ( Ahn, KS; Hong, CW; Kang, GW; Lee, DY; Lee, IH; Seo, JH, 2013) |
| "However, in most patients with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), it was found that metformin alone is not enough to adequately control hyperglycemia." | 1.39 | Potential utility of sodium selenate as an adjunct to metformin in treating type II diabetes mellitus in rats: a perspective on protein tyrosine phosphatase. ( Elkoussi, AA; Khalifa, AE; Salama, RM; Schaalan, MF, 2013) |
| "Metformin use was significantly associated with pCR rate on univariate (P = 0." | 1.39 | Metformin use and improved response to therapy in rectal cancer. ( Chang, GJ; Crane, CH; Das, P; Delclos, ME; Eng, C; Garrett, CR; Kelly, P; Krishnan, S; Rodriguez-Bigas, MA; Sandulache, VC; Skibber, JM; Skinner, HD, 2013) |
| "Metformin is a well-known antidiabetic medication, which, besides diabetes, may be involved into modulation of other age-related pathologies, including cancer." | 1.39 | Genetic polymorphisms potentially associated with response to metformin in postmenopausal diabetics suffering and not suffering with cancer. ( Berstein, LM; Imyanitov, EN; Iyevleva, AG; Poroshina, TE; Vasilyev, D, 2013) |
| "Insulin resistance is a characteristic feature of Type 2 diabetes." | 1.39 | Discovery of p1736, a novel antidiabetic compound that improves peripheral insulin sensitivity in mice models. ( Anthony, J; Bhumra, SK; Deka, N; Kelkar, A; Marita, AR; Mutt, S; Mutt, SJ; Ranjith, V; Sharma, S; Sivaramakrishnan, H; Wilankar, C, 2013) |
| " The majority of the patients with type 2 diabetes of short duration did not meet any of the treatment goals as recommended in the current practice guidelines." | 1.39 | Management and treatment goals in Polish patients with type 2 diabetes of short duration: results of the ARETAEUS2-Grupa study. ( Bała, MM; Czupryniak, L; Jankowski, M; Leśniak, W; Michałejko, M; Płaczkiewicz-Jankowska, E; Sieradzki, J; Strzeszyński, L; Topór-Mądry, R, 2013) |
| " We conclude that this treatment intensification approach may be useful, efficient, and safe in daily clinical practice for patients with type 2 diabetes." | 1.39 | Efficacy and safety of insulin glargine added to a fixed-dose combination of metformin and a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor: results of the GOLD observational study. ( Bramlage, P; Pegelow, K; Seufert, J, 2013) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for melioidosis, which is caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei." | 1.39 | Glibenclamide reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine production by neutrophils of diabetes patients in response to bacterial infection. ( Ato, M; Bancroft, GJ; Kewcharoenwong, C; Lertmemongkolchai, G; Rinchai, D; Suwannasaen, D; Utispan, K, 2013) |
| " Almost 5 years after its launch in Belgium, the present review summarizes the most recent data regarding the clinical efficacy of this antidiabetic agent, the controversy about its safety profile, its use at lower dosage in case of moderate to severe renal insufficiency, the various indications that have been successively accepted and reimbursed, and, finally, the perspectives offered by a large ongoing cardiovascular outcome trial (TECOS)." | 1.39 | [Sitagliptin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: insights five years after commercialisation]. ( Scheen, AJ; Van Gaal, LF, 2013) |
| "Myocardial fibrosis is a key process in diabetic cardiomyopathy." | 1.39 | Sitagliptin reduces cardiac apoptosis, hypertrophy and fibrosis primarily by insulin-dependent mechanisms in experimental type-II diabetes. Potential roles of GLP-1 isoforms. ( Ares-Carrasco, S; Caro-Vadillo, A; Egido, J; Iborra, C; Lorenzo, O; Picatoste, B; Ramírez, E; Tuñón, J, 2013) |
| "Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including heart failure (HF)." | 1.39 | Metformin treatment may be associated with decreased levels of NT-proBNP in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Czlonkowski, A; Filipiak, KJ; Kaplon-Cieslicka, A; Opolski, G; Postula, M; Rosiak, M; Trzepla, E, 2013) |
| "Our study aimed to evaluate cerebral hemodynamics, systemic endothelial function and sympatho-vagal balance in a selected population of well-controlled T2DM patients with short-term disease and without cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN)." | 1.39 | Cerebral hemodynamics and systemic endothelial function are already impaired in well-controlled type 2 diabetic patients, with short-term disease. ( Altavilla, R; Di Flaviani, A; Ercolani, M; Frontoni, S; Giordani, I; Maggio, P; Malandrucco, I; Palazzo, P; Pasqualetti, P; Passarelli, F; Picconi, F; Vernieri, F, 2013) |
| "Metformin has been used for many years as oral anti-hyperglycaemic agent in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus either in Poland or in the world." | 1.39 | [Metformin poisoning--clinical features, diagnostics and treatment--case presentations]. ( Bak, M; Kołacinski, Z; Krakowiak, A; Krawczyk, K; Kuropatwa, J; Winnicka, R, 2013) |
| "We enrolled 114 outdoor patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus currently on metformin for atleast 12 months, by consecutive sampling, and 105 age and sex matched patients taken as control." | 1.39 | Prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus on metformin: a case control study from Pakistan. ( bin Usman, H; Iftikhar, R; Iqbal, Z; Kamran, SM; Qadir, A, 2013) |
| "Semecarpus anacardium nut milk extract at a dosage of 200 mg/kg orally significantly (p < 0." | 1.39 | Anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperlipidemic effect of Semecarpus anacardium in a high fat diet: STZ-induced type 2 diabetic rat model. ( Khan, HB; Moorthy, BT; Palanivelu, S; Panchanatham, S; Vinayagam, KS, 2013) |
| "Metformin, which has been shown to exhibit antiatherogenic effect through positive effects on cholesterol levels, inflammatory markers and vascular adhesion molecules, decreased MPV values that appear to play a crucial role at the beginning of atherosclerosis development." | 1.39 | The effect of metformin on mean platelet volume in dıabetıc patients. ( Aydın, ZM; Canturk, Z; Celebı, K; Dolasık, I; Korkmaz, U; Sener, SY, 2013) |
| " Diabetic rats were treated with SA orally at a dosage of 200 mg/kg body weight daily for 30 days." | 1.39 | Potential antidiabetic effect of the Semecarpus anacardium in a type 2 diabetic rat model. ( Khan, HB; Palanivelu, S; Panchanadham, S; Renny, CM; Vinayagam, KS, 2013) |
| "Metformin therapy was a nonsignificant variable in this model." | 1.39 | Relationship between serum thyrotropin concentrations and metformin therapy in euthyroid patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Díez, JJ; Iglesias, P, 2013) |
| "Metformin use was not associated with a decreased rate of lung cancer (rate ratio 0." | 1.39 | The use of metformin and the incidence of lung cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Azoulay, L; Pollak, MN; Smiechowski, BB; Suissa, S; Yin, H, 2013) |
| "New diagnoses of cancer, including malignant solid tumours and haematological malignancies, occurring during the follow-up were identified from the cohort." | 1.39 | Initial metformin or sulphonylurea exposure and cancer occurrence among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Berlin, JA; Demissie, K; Marcella, SW; Qiu, H; Rhoads, GG, 2013) |
| "Metformin-treated patients, especially elderly ones, are at a risk of sudden deterioration of renal function, which in turn may increase the risk of lactic acidosis." | 1.39 | Lactic acidosis in patients with diabetes. ( Karnafel, W; Krzymień, J, 2013) |
| " This open-label, prospective, multicentre, post-marketing surveillance study was conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of nateglinide in combination with metformin in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM)." | 1.39 | Nateglinide in combination with metformin in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a post-marketing surveillance study. ( Wang, L; Yang, JK, 2013) |
| "A cohort of 32 871 patients with Type 2 diabetes aged 35 years and older identified by extracting data from electronic patient records for all patients who had a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes and had glucose-lowering agents prescribed between 1999 and 2009 at 84 primary care centres in Sweden." | 1.39 | Associations of HbA1c and educational level with risk of cardiovascular events in 32,871 drug-treated patients with Type 2 diabetes: a cohort study in primary care. ( Johansson, G; Lohm, L; Nilsson, PM; Östgren, CJ; Sundström, J; Svennblad, B, 2013) |
| "The safety of insulin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has recently undergone scrutiny." | 1.39 | Mortality and other important diabetes-related outcomes with insulin vs other antihyperglycemic therapies in type 2 diabetes. ( Currie, CJ; Evans, M; Morgan, CL; Peters, JR; Poole, CD, 2013) |
| "In the families of cancer-free DM2 women, DM2 was found to be significantly more frequent (30." | 1.38 | Familial diabetes is associated with reduced risk of cancer in diabetic patients: a possible role for metformin. ( Berstein, LM; Boyarkina, MP; Teslenko, SY, 2012) |
| "We identified 4817 stroke patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 1.38 | Type of preadmission antidiabetic treatment and outcome among patients with ischemic stroke: a nationwide follow-up study. ( Horsdal, HT; Johnsen, SP; Mehnert, F; Rungby, J, 2012) |
| " A γ-conglutin dosage of 28 mg/kg body weight was daily administered to animals for 21 d." | 1.38 | Lupin seed γ-conglutin lowers blood glucose in hyperglycaemic rats and increases glucose consumption of HepG2 cells. ( Castiglioni, S; Duranti, M; Lovati, MR; Magni, C; Manzoni, C; Parolari, A, 2012) |
| "All-cause- and cancer-related deaths occurred in: 9." | 1.38 | Cancer mortality reduction and metformin: a retrospective cohort study in type 2 diabetic patients. ( Appendino, G; Bo, S; Ciccone, G; Ghigo, E; Grassi, G; Rosato, R; Villois, P, 2012) |
| "Treatment with liraglutide 1." | 1.38 | Cost-utility analysis of liraglutide compared with sulphonylurea or sitagliptin, all as add-on to metformin monotherapy in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Chubb, BD; Davies, MJ; Smith, IC; Valentine, WJ, 2012) |
| "Metformin treatment does not inhibit mitochondrial complex I respiration in the electron transport chain in human skeletal muscle of patients with type 2 diabetes when measured ex vivo." | 1.38 | Metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes have normal mitochondrial complex I respiration. ( Dela, F; Hansen, CN; Helge, JW; Larsen, S; Madsbad, S; Rabøl, R, 2012) |
| "A total of 660 insulin-naive type 2 diabetes patients with poor glycemic control (glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c] ≥7." | 1.38 | The impact of initiating biphasic human insulin 30 therapy in type 2 diabetes patients after failure of oral antidiabetes drugs. ( Bao, Y; Cai, Q; Gu, Y; Hou, X; Jia, W; Pan, J; Zhang, L, 2012) |
| "Saxagliptin in combination with MET or SU is likely to represent a cost-effective treatment option in Polish patients with type 2 diabetes failing first-line treatment." | 1.38 | The cost-effectiveness of saxagliptin versus NPH insulin when used in combination with other oral antidiabetes agents in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Poland. ( Czupryniak, L; Grzeszczak, W; Kolasa, K; Lomon, ID; McEwan, P; Sciborski, C, 2012) |
| "The association between the risk of cancer in those using metformin compared with those using sulfonylurea derivatives was analyzed using Cox proportional hazard models with cumulative duration of drug use as a time-varying determinant." | 1.38 | Lower risk of cancer in patients on metformin in comparison with those on sulfonylurea derivatives: results from a large population-based follow-up study. ( Coebergh, JW; Geelhoed-Duijvestijn, PH; Haak, HR; Herings, RM; Ruiter, R; Straus, SM; Stricker, BH; van Herk-Sukel, MP; Visser, LE, 2012) |
| "Metformin represents the cornerstone of treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 1.38 | Metformin and heart failure: never say never again. ( Maltezos, E; Mikhailidis, DP; Papanas, N, 2012) |
| "We studied 52 consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes who had poor glycemic control despite treatment with metformin and/or sulfonylurea." | 1.38 | Serum level of soluble CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) predicts the response to sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes controlled inadequately by metformin and/or sulfonylurea. ( Aso, Y; Hara, K; Haruki, K; Inukai, T; Morita, K; Naruse, R; Ozeki, N; Shibazaki, M; Suetsugu, M; Takebayashi, K; Terasawa, T, 2012) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus is likely the third modifiable risk factor for pancreatic cancer after cigarette smoking and obesity." | 1.38 | Diabetes and pancreatic cancer. ( Li, D, 2012) |
| "To estimate whether metformin use by ovarian cancer patients with type II diabetes was associated with improved survival." | 1.38 | Relationship of type II diabetes and metformin use to ovarian cancer progression, survival, and chemosensitivity. ( Karrison, T; Lengyel, E; McCormick, A; McEwen, KA; Pannain, S; Park, S; Romero, IL; Yamada, SD, 2012) |
| "All-type cancer HRs with insulin glargine vs human insulin ranged from 0." | 1.38 | Insulin glargine and risk of cancer: a cohort study in the French National Healthcare Insurance Database. ( Abouelfath, A; Ambrosino, B; Bernard, MA; Blin, P; Droz, C; Dureau-Pournin, C; Gin, H; Lassalle, R; Le Jeunne, C; Moore, N; Pariente, A, 2012) |
| " Fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) offer a simplified dosing regimen that may improve patient compliance." | 1.38 | Fixed-dose combination antidiabetic therapy: real-world factors associated with prescribing choices and relationship with patient satisfaction and compliance. ( Anderson, P; Benford, M; Fermer, S; Milligan, G; Piercy, J; Pike, J, 2012) |
| "Metformin was associated with survival benefit both in comparison with other treatments for diabetes and in comparison with a nondiabetic population." | 1.38 | Mortality after incident cancer in people with and without type 2 diabetes: impact of metformin on survival. ( Currie, CJ; Gale, EA; Jenkins-Jones, S; Johnson, JA; Morgan, CL; Poole, CD, 2012) |
| "Obesity is a common problem and its health consequences depend on the phenotype of obesity." | 1.38 | Menopausal obesity and metabolic syndrome - PolSenior study. ( Milewicz, A, 2012) |
| "Diabetes increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD)." | 1.38 | Metformin attenuates Alzheimer's disease-like neuropathology in obese, leptin-resistant mice. ( Deng, J; Li, J; Sheng, W; Zuo, Z, 2012) |
| "Metformin was associated with a significantly reduced PCa incidence among patients on statins (HR 0." | 1.38 | Statin use as a moderator of metformin effect on risk for prostate cancer among type 2 diabetic patients. ( Hernandez, J; Lehman, DM; Lorenzo, C; Wang, CP, 2012) |
| "sulphonylurea (SU) compounds." | 1.38 | Worry vs. knowledge about treatment-associated hypoglycaemia and weight gain in type 2 diabetic patients on metformin and/or sulphonylurea. ( Knop, FK; Lund, A, 2012) |
| " Use of TZDs was associated with reduced risk of cancer in a dose-response manner in multivariable analysis." | 1.38 | Use of thiazolidinedione and cancer risk in Type 2 diabetes: the Hong Kong diabetes registry. ( Chan, JC; Ko, GT; Kong, AP; Lee, HM; Ma, RC; Ozaki, R; So, WY; Xu, G; Yang, X; Yu, LW, 2012) |
| "Fasting whole blood specimens of 392 type 2 diabetes patients treated with metformin (n=199) or not (n=193) were collected." | 1.38 | The gonadal hormone regulates the plasma lactate levels in type 2 diabetes treated with and without metformin. ( Jia, W; Li, Q; Liu, F; Lu, F; Lu, H; Shen, Y; Tang, J; Zheng, T, 2012) |
| "There are no data in children with type 2 diabetes (T2D) regarding the durability of glycemic control with oral medication." | 1.38 | Time to failure of oral therapy in children with type 2 diabetes: a single center retrospective chart review. ( Barnes, NS; Hutchison, MR; White, PC, 2012) |
| "Metformin was added to their insulin therapy, and both hepatic glucose production and peripheral glucose uptake were assessed before and one week after metformin treatment, with the use of stable isotope [6,6-²H₂] glucose." | 1.38 | Effect of metformin on hepatic glucose production in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Kaneto, H; Katakami, N; Matsuhisa, M; Shimomura, I; Takahara, M, 2012) |
| "Metformin is a drug to improve glycemic control by reducing insulin resistance and is currently considered to be one of the first-choice drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)." | 1.38 | The evaluation of risk factors associated with adverse drug reactions by metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Hori, A; Horikawa, Y; Itoh, Y; Kitaichi, K; Okayasu, S; Suwa, T; Takeda, J; Yamamoto, M, 2012) |
| "Metformin treatment was associated with a decreased risk of colon and liver cancer compared to sulphonylureas or insulin treatment." | 1.38 | The influence of type 2 diabetes and glucose-lowering therapies on cancer risk in the Taiwanese. ( Cheng, SM; Hsieh, MC; Lee, TC; Tseng, CH; Tu, ST; Yen, MH, 2012) |
| "Women with breast cancer and pre-existing diabetes had a 49 % (95 % CI: 1." | 1.38 | Associations of type 2 diabetes and diabetes treatment with breast cancer risk and mortality: a population-based cohort study among British women. ( Ben-Shlomo, Y; Jeffreys, M; Martin, RM; May, MT; Redaniel, MT, 2012) |
| "These were primary care patients with type 2 diabetes who had metformin monotherapy as their first treatment and who then initiated on relevant second-line, glucose-lowering regimens during the study period 2000-2010." | 1.38 | What next after metformin? A retrospective evaluation of the outcome of second-line, glucose-lowering therapies in people with type 2 diabetes. ( Barnett, AH; Currie, CJ; Evans, M; Jenkins-Jones, S; Morgan, CL; Poole, CD, 2012) |
| "To confirm whether type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is an affective disorder (AD) precursor, and to establish possible effects of oral anti-hyperglycemic agents (OAAs)." | 1.38 | Increased risk of affective disorders in type 2 diabetes is minimized by sulfonylurea and metformin combination: a population-based cohort study. ( Chang, HY; Chuang, SY; Hsu, CC; Lee, MS; Tsai, HN; Wahlqvist, ML; Yu, SH, 2012) |
| "A metformin level was 150 μg/mL (therapeutic 1-2 μg/mL)." | 1.37 | Occult metformin toxicity in three patients with profound lactic acidosis. ( Gaieski, D; Perrone, J; Phillips, C, 2011) |
| "Metformin and rosiglitazone suppressed cancer cell growth and induced apoptosis." | 1.37 | The impact of type 2 diabetes and antidiabetic drugs on cancer cell growth. ( Chen, J; Feng, YH; Gully, C; Lee, MH; Velazquez-Torres, G; Yeung, SC, 2011) |
| "The coexistence of type 2 diabetes with breast cancer may result in poorer cancer-related survival due to a number of mediating factors including an alteration of tumor tissue hormonal sensitivity." | 1.37 | More favorable progesterone receptor phenotype of breast cancer in diabetics treated with metformin. ( Berstein, LM; Boyarkina, MP; Semiglazov, VF; Tsyrlina, EV; Turkevich, EA, 2011) |
| "Treatment with metformin for 3 months modified significant erythrocyte magnesium-5." | 1.37 | Influence of therapy with metformin on the concentration of certain divalent cations in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. ( Crauciuc, E; Doşa, MD; Galeş, C; Hangan, LT; Nechifor, M, 2011) |
| "Metformin was effective for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in Japanese patients, with significant improvement in HbA1c level at all time-points after 1 month, with the largest decrease by approximately 0." | 1.37 | Efficacy and safety of metformin for treatment of type 2 diabetes in elderly Japanese patients. ( Ikegami, H; Ito, H; Kawabata, Y; Ohno, Y; Yamauchi, T, 2011) |
| "Metformin action was assessed in Glp1r(-/-), Gipr(-/-), Glp1r:Gipr(-/-), Pparα (also known as Ppara)(-/-) and hyperglycaemic obese wild-type mice with or without the GLP-1 receptor (GLP1R) antagonist exendin(9-39)." | 1.37 | Metformin regulates the incretin receptor axis via a pathway dependent on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α in mice. ( Cao, X; Drucker, DJ; Lamont, BJ; Maida, A, 2011) |
| "We hypothesize that the anticancer effects of metformin may be particularly evident in type 2 diabetic patients with low HDL cholesterol." | 1.37 | Low HDL cholesterol, metformin use, and cancer risk in type 2 diabetes: the Hong Kong Diabetes Registry. ( Chan, JC; Chow, CC; Ko, GT; Kong, AP; Lee, HM; Ma, RC; Ozaki, R; So, WY; Yang, X; Yu, LW, 2011) |
| "Metformin is associated with reduced cancer-related morbidity and mortality." | 1.37 | Metformin and cancer occurrence in insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients. ( Balzi, D; Barchielli, A; Colombi, C; Dicembrini, I; Giannini, S; Mannucci, E; Marchionni, N; Melani, C; Monami, M; Romano, D; Rotella, CM; Vitale, V, 2011) |
| "Rosiglitazone treatment reduced insulin resistance and partially restored β-cell mass in animals with reduced β-cell mass at birth." | 1.37 | Effect of combining rosiglitazone with either metformin or insulin on β-cell mass and function in an animal model of Type 2 diabetes characterized by reduced β-cell mass at birth. ( Gerstein, HC; Hettinga, BP; Holloway, AC, 2011) |
| "In 87 patients with type 2 diabetes who failed to achieve glycaemic control on metformin monotherapy, effects of 6-month sulphonylurea in addition to metformin on reductions in haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels were evaluated." | 1.37 | Effect of sulphonylurea treatment on glycaemic control is related to TCF7L2 genotype in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Dobrikova, M; Habalova, V; Javorsky, M; Klimcakova, L; Kozarova, M; Rudikova, M; Schroner, Z; Tkac, I; Tkacova, R; Zidzik, J, 2011) |
| "The two major deficits in type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and impaired beta cell function, are often treated with metformin and incretin-based drugs, respectively." | 1.37 | New aspects of an old drug: metformin as a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) enhancer and sensitiser. ( Cho, YM; Kieffer, TJ, 2011) |
| "Cases of prostate cancer were matched up to ten controls on year of birth, date of cohort entry, and duration of follow-up." | 1.37 | Metformin and the incidence of prostate cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Azoulay, L; Dell'Aniello, S; Gagnon, B; Pollak, M; Suissa, S, 2011) |
| "Metformin was combined with MPI in 81 patients." | 1.37 | Improved glycaemic control with reduced hypoglycaemic episodes and without weight gain using long-term modern premixed insulins in type 2 diabetes. ( Levit, S; Toledano, Y; Wainstein, J, 2011) |
| "Approximately 40% of patients with type 2 diabetes may progress to nephropathy and a good metabolic control can prevent the development of diabetic renal injury." | 1.37 | Insulin and metformin may prevent renal injury in young type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. ( da Cunha, FX; Louro, TM; Matafome, PN; Nunes, EC; Seiça, RM, 2011) |
| "Insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with intramuscular lipid (IMCL) accumulation." | 1.37 | Abnormal metabolism flexibility in response to high palmitate concentrations in myotubes derived from obese type 2 diabetic patients. ( Aguer, C; Foretz, M; Hébrard, S; Kitzmann, M; Lantier, L; Mercier, J, 2011) |
| "In a rat hepatoma cell line, inhibition of ATM with KU-55933 attenuated the phosphorylation and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in response to metformin." | 1.37 | Common variants near ATM are associated with glycemic response to metformin in type 2 diabetes. ( Bellenguez, C; Bennett, AJ; Blackwell, JM; Bramon, E; Brown, MA; Burch, L; Carr, F; Casas, JP; Coleman, RL; Colhoun, H; Corvin, A; Craddock, N; Deloukas, P; Doney, AS; Donnelly, LA; Donnelly, P; Dronov, S; Duncanson, A; Edkins, S; Freeman, C; Gray, E; Groves, CJ; Hardie, DG; Harries, LW; Hattersley, AT; Hawley, SA; Holman, RR; Hunt, S; Jankowski, J; Langford, C; Markus, HS; Mathew, CG; McCarthy, MI; Morris, AD; Palmer, CN; Pearson, ER; Peltonen, L; Plomin, R; Rautanen, A; Samani, NJ; Sawcer, SJ; Schofield, C; Spencer, CC; Strange, A; Sutherland, C; Tavendale, R; Trembath, R; Viswanathan, AC; Wood, NW; Zhou, K, 2011) |
| "non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes are associated with dyslipidaemia, inflammation and oxidative stress." | 1.37 | Metformin and atorvastatin combination further protect the liver in type 2 diabetes with hyperlipidaemia. ( Amaral, C; Cipriano, A; Crisóstomo, J; Louro, T; Matafome, P; Monteiro, P; Nunes, E; Rodrigues, L; Seiça, R, 2011) |
| " The covariates included age, gender, other oral anti-hyperglycemic medication, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score and metformin exposure dosage and duration." | 1.37 | Type 2 diabetes increases and metformin reduces total, colorectal, liver and pancreatic cancer incidences in Taiwanese: a representative population prospective cohort study of 800,000 individuals. ( Chang, YH; Hsu, CC; Huang, YC; Lee, MS; Tsai, HN; Wahlqvist, ML, 2011) |
| "Metformin treatment significantly improved glycation, oxidative stress, CCL2 levels, NO bioavailability and insulin resistance and normalized endothelial function in aorta." | 1.37 | Metformin restores endothelial function in aorta of diabetic rats. ( Fernandes, R; Louro, T; Matafome, P; Nunes, E; Seiça, RM; Sena, CM, 2011) |
| "Rosiglitazone was initially approved for type 2 diabetes monotherapy." | 1.37 | Can modeling of health outcomes facilitate regulatory decision making? The benefit-risk tradeoff for rosiglitazone in 1999 vs. 2007. ( Cross, JT; Gardner, JS; Garrison, LP; Veenstra, DL, 2011) |
| "Because pharmacotherapies in type 2 diabetes exert complex effects, we examined the different anti-diabetic strategies, especially the influence of insulin doses, on the activation of oxidative stress, a key player in atherosclerosis, ageing and the risk of cancer." | 1.37 | Insulin therapy has a complex relationship with measure of oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes: a case for further study. ( Colette, C; Cristol, JP; Michel, F; Monnier, L; Owens, DR, 2011) |
| "The study cohort consisted of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (n = 80) on regular therapy with glibenclamide either alone or with concomitant metformin." | 1.37 | Influence of CYP2C9 gene polymorphisms on response to glibenclamide in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. ( Adithan, C; Agrawal, A; Anichavezhi, D; Pradhan, SC; Rajan, S; Subrahmanyam, DK; Surendiran, A, 2011) |
| "Records of consecutive prostate cancer patients with coexisting diabetes mellitus type 2 who were treated at the study institution between 15 July 1999 and 31 December 2008 were reviewed." | 1.37 | Thiazolidinediones and metformin associated with improved survival of diabetic prostate cancer patients. ( He, XX; Lee, MH; Tu, SM; Yeung, SJ, 2011) |
| "This study shows that adherence to type 2 diabetes treatment guidelines for initial treatment is implemented on a large scale." | 1.37 | Long term patterns of use after initiation of oral antidiabetic drug therapy. ( Bouvy, ML; Dekker, JM; Hugtenburg, JG; Lamberts, EJ; Nijpels, G; Souverein, PC; Welschen, LM, 2011) |
| "Metformin is a widely used insulin-sensitizing drug; however, the mechanism by which metformin acts is poorly understood." | 1.37 | Metformin sensitizes insulin signaling through AMPK-mediated PTEN down-regulation in preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells. ( Jung, JH; Kim, HS; Kim, JH; Kim, SJ; Lee, JO; Lee, SK; Moon, JW; Park, JM; Park, SH; Suh, PG; Uhm, KO; You, GY, 2011) |
| "Metformin was not associated with the improvement in total cholesterol level (adjusted mean difference; 30." | 1.37 | Total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein and triglyceride for cardiovascular disease in elderly patients treated with metformin. ( Jung, KH; Kim, JY; Sin, HY, 2011) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes should improve lifestyle habits combined with metformin as first pharmacological compound (in absence of contra-indications)." | 1.37 | [Clinical vignette. Which combination of oral glucose-lowering agents to use after failure of metformin monotherapy in type 2 diabetes?]. ( Paquot, N; Scheen, AJ, 2011) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the significant comorbidities of obesity." | 1.37 | Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in South Dakota: focused insight into prevalence, physiology and treatment. ( Eid, WE, 2011) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a growing problem in pediatrics and there is no consensus on the best treatment." | 1.37 | Retrospective chart review of children with type 2 diabetes mellitus evaluating the efficacy of metformin vs. insulin vs. combination insulin/metformin. ( Hoffman, RP; Meyer, SL, 2011) |
| "Metformin is an antihyperglycemic agent commonly used in diabetic patients." | 1.37 | The nephrologist's role in metformin-induced lactic acidosis. ( Basterrechea, MA; de Arriba, G; Gómez-Navarro, L; Hernández-Sevillano, B; Pérez del Valle, KM; Rodríguez-Palomares, JR; Sánchez-Heras, M; Tallón, S; Torres-Guinea, M, 2011) |
| "Metformin is a widely used antidiabetic agent that is generally considered safe." | 1.37 | Metformin-associated lactic acidosis in Chinese patients with type II diabetes. ( Chan, WM; Chung, HY; Fong, BM; Siu, TS; Tam, S; Tsai, NW; Tsui, SH; Yeung, CW, 2011) |
| "An ACTH-producing pheochromocytoma is a very rare cause of deterioration of glucose control." | 1.37 | [Rare cause of insufficient metabolic control of diabetes mellitus - Case 10/2011]. ( Adam, P; Dudziak, K; Horger, M; Müssig, K; Neumann, H; Rettig, I, 2011) |
| "Patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus generally initiate therapy with either metformin [Met] or a sulfonylurea [SU] drug, followed by the addition of a second agent (Met, an SU drug, or a thiazolidinedione [TZD] drug) if the diabetes is not well controlled." | 1.37 | Progression to insulin for patients with diabetes mellitus using the Texas Medicaid database. ( Cheng, LI; Lopez, D; Rascati, KL; Richards, KM; Wilson, JP, 2011) |
| "Of all drugs used in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes, the insulin sensitizers thiazolidinediones (e." | 1.36 | Gastroprotective effects of the insulin sensitizers rosiglitazone and metformin against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in Type 2 diabetic rats. ( Abdel-Gaber, SA; Ashour, OM; Fouad, AA; Morsy, MA, 2010) |
| "In 1998 and 1999, 1,353 patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in the Zwolle Outpatient Diabetes project Integrating Available Care (ZODIAC) study in the Netherlands." | 1.36 | Metformin associated with lower cancer mortality in type 2 diabetes: ZODIAC-16. ( Bilo, HJ; Gans, RO; Groenier, KH; Kleefstra, N; Landman, GW; van Hateren, KJ, 2010) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes had increased arginine-derived AGEs and oxidative damage in apolipoprotein B100 of LDL." | 1.36 | Increased glycation and oxidative damage to apolipoprotein B100 of LDL cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes and effect of metformin. ( Bodmer, CW; Ceriello, A; Chittari, MV; Rabbani, N; Thornalley, PJ; Zehnder, D, 2010) |
| "Metformin treatment significantly decreased the blood glucose levels from 15." | 1.36 | Metformin normalizes type 2 diabetes-induced decrease in cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the rat dentate gyrus. ( Choi, JW; Hwang, IK; Joo, EJ; Kim, IY; Seong, JK; Shin, JH; Won, MH; Yoon, YS, 2010) |
| "Increases in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes will likely be greater in the Middle East and other developing countries than in most other regions during the coming two decades, placing a heavy burden on regional healthcare resources." | 1.36 | Optimising the medical management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes in the Middle East: pivotal role of metformin. ( Al-Arouj, M; Al-Maatouq, M; Alberti, KG; Assaad, SH; Assaad, SN; Azar, ST; Hassoun, AA; Jarrah, N; Zatari, S, 2010) |
| "Metformin-treated patients had a higher body mass index, lower creatinine, and were less often on insulin." | 1.36 | Metformin therapy and outcomes in patients with advanced systolic heart failure and diabetes. ( Fonarow, GC; Horwich, TB; Shah, DD, 2010) |
| "In 84% of the cases, type 2 diabetes mellitus has been present before the HCC diagnosis." | 1.36 | Metformin and reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in diabetic patients with chronic liver disease. ( Balbi, M; Casarin, P; Donadon, V; Mas, MD; Zanette, G, 2010) |
| "Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can be challenging." | 1.36 | New therapeutic options: management strategies to optimize glycemic control. ( Freeman, JS, 2010) |
| "Novel targets for pancreatic cancer therapy are urgently needed." | 1.36 | Crosstalk between insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 receptors and G protein-coupled receptor signaling systems: a novel target for the antidiabetic drug metformin in pancreatic cancer. ( Kisfalvi, K; Rozengurt, E; Sinnett-Smith, J, 2010) |
| " After reduction of the metformin dosage (500 mg twice daily) and discontinuance of exenatide as well as a reduction of his physical activity (because of joint pain) for six months, the glucose control worsened." | 1.36 | [Sequential treatment with insulin glargine and metformin, and exenatide in a patient with newly diagnosed type-2 diabetes]. ( Kress, S, 2010) |
| "This article describes a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus achieving glycemic control after transitioning from premixed to basal-prandial insulin." | 1.36 | Effective switch from premixed to basal-prandial insulin to achieve glycemic goals in type 2 diabetes. ( Lavernia, F, 2010) |
| "Metformin was administered to all patients for 16 weeks." | 1.36 | Number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells as a marker of vascular endothelial function for type 2 diabetes. ( Chen, LL; Hu, LJ; Li, YM; Liao, YF; Zeng, TS, 2010) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with increased risk of malignancy (mainly cancer of the pancreas, breast, colon, endometrium and bladder)." | 1.36 | Metformin and cancer: licence to heal? ( Maltezos, E; Mikhailidis, DP; Papanas, N, 2010) |
| "Older individuals with type 2 diabetes are more likely to have moderate cognitive deficits and structural changes in brain tissue." | 1.36 | Relationships between daily acute glucose fluctuations and cognitive performance among aged type 2 diabetic patients. ( Barbieri, M; Boccardi, V; Canonico, S; Lettieri, B; Marfella, R; Paolisso, G; Rizzo, MR; Vestini, F, 2010) |
| "Insulin resistance is a characteristic of type 2 diabetes and is a major independent risk factor for progression to the disease." | 1.36 | Generation, validation and humanisation of a novel insulin resistant cell model. ( Brady, JD; Crowther, D; Feuerstein, GZ; Grierson, CE; Hansen, MK; Hundal, HS; Logie, L; Morris, AD; Pearson, E; Ruiz-Alcaraz, AJ; Schofield, CJ; Shepherd, B; Sutherland, C; Tommasi, AM, 2010) |
| "Metformin is a widely prescribed drug for treatment of type 2 diabetes, although no cellular mechanism of action has been established." | 1.36 | Metformin selectively attenuates mitochondrial H2O2 emission without affecting respiratory capacity in skeletal muscle of obese rats. ( Anderson, EJ; Bikman, BT; Cortright, RN; Kane, DA; Lin, CT; Neufer, PD; Price, JW; Woodlief, TL, 2010) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes have reduced EPC and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is reduced by multifactorial intervention." | 1.36 | Multifactorial treatment increases endothelial progenitor cells in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Billestrup, N; Jacobsen, PK; Lajer, M; Mandrup-Poulsen, T; Parving, HH; Pedersen, N; Reinhard, H; Rossing, P, 2010) |
| " Long-term use of metformin in complex multifactorial therapy of women with decompensated type 2 diabetes DM, AH and abdominal obesity provides improvement of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, lowering of arterial pressure, diminishment of albuminuria, diastolic dysfunction, and stiffness of left ventricular myocardium." | 1.36 | [Dynamics of structural-functional parameters of cardiovascular system during use of complex therapy of women with type 2 diabetes mellitus]. ( Elsukova, OS; Onuchin, SG; Onuchina, EL; Solov'ev, OV, 2010) |
| "Metformin is widely used in women with Type 2 diabetes of child-bearing age, many of whom become pregnant." | 1.36 | Metformin treatment for Type 2 diabetes in pregnancy? ( Simmons, D, 2010) |
| "Complex diseases, such as Type 2 Diabetes, are generally caused by multiple factors, which hamper effective drug discovery." | 1.36 | A systems biology approach to identify effective cocktail drugs. ( Chen, L; Wu, Z; Zhao, XM, 2010) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes are at an increased risk for disease and treatment related complications after the initial approach of oral mono/dual antidiabetic therapy has failed." | 1.36 | Diabetes treatment patterns and goal achievement in primary diabetes care (DiaRegis) - study protocol and patient characteristics at baseline. ( Binz, C; Bramlage, P; Deeg, E; Gitt, AK; Krekler, M; Plate, T; Tschöpe, D, 2010) |
| "The animal model of type 2 diabetes with hepatic fibrosis was successfully made." | 1.36 | [Effect of metformin on the formation of hepatic fibrosis in type 2 diabetic rats]. ( Chen, BN; Du, GH; Qiang, GF; Shi, LL; Xuan, Q; Yang, XY; Zhang, HA; Zhang, L, 2010) |
| "Treatment with metformin normalized these alterations including the renal proteins and LPO, confirming its efficacy in ameliorating dexamethasone-induced type-2 DM and also the association of two proteins with type-2 DM." | 1.36 | Effect of metformin on renal microsomal proteins, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in dexamethasone-induced type-2 diabetic mice. ( Jatwa, R; Kar, A, 2010) |
| "Metformin is recommended in type 2 diabetes mellitus because it reduced mortality among overweight participants in the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study when used mainly as a means of primary prevention." | 1.36 | Metformin use and mortality among patients with diabetes and atherothrombosis. ( Bhatt, DL; Goto, S; Marre, M; Pasquet, B; Porath, A; Ravaud, P; Roussel, R; Smith, SC; Steg, PG; Travert, F; Wilson, PW, 2010) |
| "Metformin is a worldwide accepted biguanide antidiabetic agent, and its effectiveness and benefit have already been well established." | 1.36 | Fasting plasma lactate concentrations in ambulatory elderly patients with type 2 diabetes receiving metformin therapy: a retrospective cross-sectional study. ( Lin, HD; Lin, LY; Lin, YC; Wang, HF, 2010) |
| "Type 2 diabetes is a complex disease with the coexistence of several pathophysiological abnormalities such as a defect of insulin secretion, a relative hyperglucagonaemia, an increased hepatic glucose production and a muscular insulin resistance." | 1.36 | [Medication of the month. Sitagliptin-metformin fixed combination (Janumet)]. ( Scheen, AJ, 2010) |
| "Nearly half of all US patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are unable to maintain adequate glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA₁(c)) control (ie, <7." | 1.36 | Results of a model analysis of the cost-effectiveness of liraglutide versus exenatide added to metformin, glimepiride, or both for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in the United States. ( Conner, C; Hammer, M; Lee, WC, 2010) |
| "The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Thailand is 9." | 1.36 | Thailand Diabetic Registry cohort: predicting death in Thai diabetic patients and causes of death. ( Benjasuratwong, Y; Bunnag, P; Chetthakul, T; Deerochanawong, C; Komoltri, C; Kosachunhanun, N; Krittiyawong, S; Leelawatana, R; Mongkolsomlit, S; Ngarmukos, C; Plengvidhya, N; Pratipanawatr, T; Rawdaree, P; Suwanwalaikorn, S, 2010) |
| "To evaluate and compare the risk of adverse events (AEs) associated with the use of metformin, sulfonylureas and thiazolidinediones among geriatric patients in a usual care setting." | 1.35 | Evaluation of adverse events of oral antihyperglycemic monotherapy experienced by a geriatric population in a real-world setting: a retrospective cohort analysis. ( Asche, CV; McAdam-Marx, C; Plauschinat, CA; Shane-McWhorter, L; Sheng, X, 2008) |
| " This study set out to investigate the relationship between metformin dosing frequency and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c)-goal attainment in daily practice." | 1.35 | Haemoglobin A1c goal attainment in relation to dose in patients with diabetes mellitus taking metformin: a nested, case-control study. ( Herings, RM; Penning-van Beest, FJ; Wolffenbuttel, BH, 2008) |
| "The animal models of type 2 diabetes are very complex and are as heterogeneous as the disease." | 1.35 | Metabolic effects of various antidiabetic and hypolipidaemic agents on a high-fat diet and multiple low-dose streptozocin (MLDS) mouse model of diabetes. ( Arulmozhi, DK; Bodhankar, SL; Kurian, R; Veeranjaneyulu, A, 2008) |
| " Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated a similar bioavailability of M-ER administered once daily to immediate-release metformin given twice daily." | 1.35 | Clinical development of metformin extended-release tablets for type 2 diabetes: an overview. ( Cowles, VE; Cramer, M; Gordi, T; Heritier, M; Hou, E; Schwartz, SL, 2008) |
| "Hypertension is a common comorbidity (34%), whereas early nephropathy appears to be rare (4%)." | 1.35 | Management and 1 year outcome for UK children with type 2 diabetes. ( Barrett, TG; Haines, L; Lynn, R; Shield, JP; Wan, KC, 2009) |
| "Initiating treatment of type 2 diabetes with glibenclamide or glipizide is associated with increased risk of CAD in comparison to gliclazide or glimepiride." | 1.35 | Risk of coronary artery disease associated with initial sulphonylurea treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes: a matched case-control study. ( Mogensen, CE; Sadikot, SM, 2008) |
| "Obese patients with type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance are at increased risk of development of cardiovascular diseases." | 1.35 | Effects of basal insulin analog and metformin on glycaemia control and weight as risk factors for endothelial dysfunction. ( Ascić-Buturović, B; Kacila, M, 2008) |
| "Type 2 diabetes is associated with elevated inflammatory systemic cytokines but activin A serum levels were similar in slim probands, overweight controls and type 2 diabetic patients." | 1.35 | Adiponectin upregulates monocytic activin A but systemic levels are not altered in obesity or type 2 diabetes. ( Aslanidis, C; Buechler, C; Filarsky, M; Neumeier, M; Schäffler, A; Schober, F; Schölmerich, J; Schramm, A; Sporrer, D; Stögbauer, F; Wanninger, J; Weber, M; Weigert, J; Wurm, S, 2009) |
| "Metformin was associated with a reduced risk of CHF (HR 0." | 1.35 | The risk of developing coronary artery disease or congestive heart failure, and overall mortality, in type 2 diabetic patients receiving rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, metformin, or sulfonylureas: a retrospective analysis. ( Arrigain, S; Atreja, A; Jain, A; Kattan, MW; Pantalone, KM; Wells, BJ; Yu, C; Zimmerman, RS, 2009) |
| "Metformin XL was used by 137 patients during the study period." | 1.35 | Adherence in patients transferred from immediate release metformin to a sustained release formulation: a population-based study. ( Donnelly, LA; Morris, AD; Pearson, ER, 2009) |
| "Byetta was withdrawn, the patient was treated for acute pancreatitis and the symptoms subsided." | 1.35 | Exenatide and acute pancreatitis. ( Basha, S; Jain, R; Ramachandran, A; Shetty, S; Tripathy, NR, 2008) |
| "A total of 2,368 patients with type 2 diabetes and CAD was evaluated." | 1.35 | Prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and relation to glycemic control therapies at baseline in the BARI 2D cohort. ( Jones, TL; Lopes, N; Lu, J; Pop-Busui, R, 2009) |
| "Beta cell loss contributes to type 2 diabetes, with increased apoptosis representing an underlying mechanism." | 1.35 | Autophagy in human type 2 diabetes pancreatic beta cells. ( Boggi, U; Bugliani, M; del Guerra, S; Filipponi, F; Lupi, R; Marchetti, P; Marselli, L; Masiello, P; Masini, M, 2009) |
| "The diabetic patient, when type 2 diabetes is newly diagnosed, raises a therapeutic problem commonly observed in clinical practice, which is more complex than expected at first glance." | 1.35 | [Optimisation of pharmacological therapy in a patient with a newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes]. ( De Flines, J; Jandrain, BJ; Radermecker, RP; Scheen, AJ, 2009) |
| "Metformin use was associated with reduced risk, and insulin or insulin secretagogue use was associated with increased risk of pancreatic cancer in diabetic patients." | 1.35 | Antidiabetic therapies affect risk of pancreatic cancer. ( Abbruzzese, JL; Hassan, MM; Konopleva, M; Li, D; Yeung, SC, 2009) |
| "Overt type 2 diabetes is usually preceded by a condition known as prediabetes, which is characterized by impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)." | 1.35 | Identification and treatment of prediabetes to prevent progression to type 2 diabetes. ( Fonseca, VA, 2008) |
| "In Yucatán, 52% of patients with type 2 diabetes (DT2) present secondary failure to treatment associated with sulphonylurea and metformin." | 1.35 | [Effect of the Gly972Arg, SNP43 and Prol2Ala polymorphisms of the genes IRS1, CAPN10 and PPARG2 on secondary failure to sulphonylurea and metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes in Yucatán, México]. ( García-Escalante, MG; Laviada-Molina, H; López-Avila, MT; Pinto-Escalante, Ddel C; Suárez-Solís, VM, 2009) |
| "Vildagliptin (Galvus) is a selective inhibitor of dipeptidylpeptidase-4, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secreted by L cells of the intestine." | 1.35 | [Vildagliptin (Galvus) and fixed combination vildagliptine-metformin (Eucreas) in the treatment of type 2 diabetes]. ( Paquot, N; Scheen, AJ, 2009) |
| "In patients with type 2 diabetes, glycemic control to target goals can only be achieved for a while by single-drug treatment." | 1.35 | Competact, a fixed combination of pioglitazone and metformin, improves metabolic markers in type 2 diabetes patients with insufficient glycemic control by metformin alone--results from a post-marketing surveillance trial under daily routine conditions. ( Forst, T; Karagiannis, E; Pfützner, A; Posseldt, RE; Schöndorf, T, 2009) |
| "The prevalence of metformin use in type 2 diabetes with a contraindication; odds ratios (ORs) of the occurrences of lactic acidosis, hospitalization, and death in type 2 diabetes with a contraindication modified by metformin use." | 1.35 | Prescribing metformin in type 2 diabetes with a contraindication: prevalence and outcome. ( Malanusorn, N; Panthong, M; Pawangkapin, N; Pongwecharak, J; Tengmeesri, N, 2009) |
| "Type 2 diabetes is characterized by hyperglycaemia, delayed gastric emptying and a blunted response of gut hormones during feeding that may modulate satiety." | 1.35 | Antihyperglycaemic medication modifies factors of postprandial satiety in type 2 diabetes. ( Chevalier, S; Gougeon, R; Lamarche, M; Morais, JA; Mourad, C, 2009) |
| "Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation and low adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory adipokine." | 1.35 | Adiponectin downregulates CD163 whose cellular and soluble forms are elevated in obesity. ( Bala, M; Buechler, C; Kopp, A; Lieberer, E; Neumeier, M; Schäffler, A; Sporrer, D; Stögbauer, F; Wanninger, J; Weber, M; Weigert, J, 2009) |
| "Metformin serum levels were significantly lower (P < 0." | 1.35 | Investigation of the effect of oral metformin on dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) activity in Type 2 diabetes. ( Bell, PM; Cuthbertson, J; O'Harte, FP; Patterson, S, 2009) |
| "Cancer was diagnosed among 7." | 1.35 | New users of metformin are at low risk of incident cancer: a cohort study among people with type 2 diabetes. ( Alessi, DR; Donnan, PT; Donnelly, LA; Evans, JM; Libby, G; Morris, AD, 2009) |
| "Metformin use was associated with lower risk of cancer of the colon or pancreas, but did not affect the risk of breast or prostate cancer." | 1.35 | The influence of glucose-lowering therapies on cancer risk in type 2 diabetes. ( Currie, CJ; Gale, EA; Poole, CD, 2009) |
| "Metformin is a commonly used medication for type II diabetes mellitus." | 1.35 | Metformin use and prostate cancer in Caucasian men: results from a population-based case-control study. ( Stanford, JL; Wright, JL, 2009) |
| "Metformin has now been established as the drug of choice for the first-line management of type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 1.35 | Metformin: diamonds are forever. ( Maltezos, E; Mikhailidis, DP; Papanas, N, 2009) |
| "Metformin failure was defined as hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) > or = 6." | 1.35 | The European Exenatide study of long-term exenatide vs. glimepiride for type 2 diabetes: rationale and patient characteristics. ( Gallwitz, B; Guzmán, JR; Kazda, C; Kraus, P; Nicolay, C; Rose, L; Schernthaner, G; Simó, R, 2009) |
| "Metformin is an anti-diabetic agent that has been reported to decrease plasma glucose by multiple mechanisms, such as decreasing hepatic glucose production and activating peripheral glucose utilization." | 1.35 | Metformin primarily decreases plasma glucose not by gluconeogenesis suppression but by activating glucose utilization in a non-obese type 2 diabetes Goto-Kakizaki rats. ( Fujiwara, T; Hagisawa, Y; Kanda, S; Nakashima, R; Ogawa, J; Okuno, A; Takahashi, K; Tanaka, J; Yoshida, T, 2009) |
| "Treatment with rosiglitazone enhanced glucose utilization and diminished MFAO, thus reversing the metabolic phenotype of the diabetic heart." | 1.35 | In vivo metabolic phenotyping of myocardial substrate metabolism in rodents: differential efficacy of metformin and rosiglitazone monotherapy. ( Finck, BN; Gropler, RJ; Herrero, P; Schechtman, KB; Sharp, T; Shoghi, KI; Welch, MJ, 2009) |
| "The lactic acid was assayed by enzyme-electrode method." | 1.35 | Relationship of plasma creatinine and lactic acid in type 2 diabetic patients without renal dysfunction. ( Hou, XH; Jia, WP; Li, L; Liu, F; Lu, HJ; Lu, JX; Tang, JL; Xiang, KS, 2009) |
| "Pioglitazone was associated with reduced all cause mortality compared with metformin." | 1.35 | Risk of cardiovascular disease and all cause mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes prescribed oral antidiabetes drugs: retrospective cohort study using UK general practice research database. ( Curcin, V; Elliott, P; Hughes, RI; Khunti, K; Little, MP; Majeed, A; Millett, CJ; Molokhia, M; Ng, A; Tzoulaki, I; Wilkins, MR, 2009) |
| "Metformin treatment of Type 2 diabetes is not usually associated with weight gain, and may assist with weight reduction." | 1.35 | Metformin increases plasma ghrelin in Type 2 diabetes. ( Begg, EJ; Doogue, MP; Lunt, H; Moore, MP; Pemberton, CJ; Zhang, M, 2009) |
| "Sixty women with gestational and type 2 diabetes were enrolled, 30 each for metformin and insulin." | 1.35 | Metformin--a convenient alternative to insulin for Indian women with diabetes in pregnancy. ( Kamath, A; Meenakshi, D; Rai, L, 2009) |
| "To quantify adverse events (AEs) associated with the use of metformin (MET), sulphonylureas (SUs) and thiazolidinediones (TZDs) in a usual care setting, and to assess the relationship of AEs to treatment patterns and glycaemic response in patients with type 2 diabetes." | 1.35 | Association between oral antidiabetic use, adverse events and outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Asche, CV; McAdam-Marx, C; Plauschinat, CA; Shane-McWhorter, L; Sheng, X, 2008) |
| "Twenty-one patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were observed for more than 6 months after treatment with pioglitazone, and 31 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were observed for more than 6 months after the treatment with metformin." | 1.35 | The ratio of leptin to adiponectin can be used as an index of insulin resistance. ( Fujita, T; Hayakawa, N; Horikawa, Y; Imamura, S; Inagaki, K; Itoh, M; Kakizawa, H; Oda, N; Suzuki, A; Takeda, J; Uchida, Y, 2008) |
| "For patients with type 2 diabetes, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) currently recommend a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c) ) target of <7%, and the British Medical Association (BMA) Quality and Outcomes Framework recommends an HbA(1c) target of >or=7." | 1.35 | Achieving glycosylated hemoglobin targets using the combination of repaglinide and metformin in type 2 diabetes: a reanalysis of earlier data in terms of current targets. ( Moses, RG, 2008) |
| "A total of 400 patients with type 2 diabetes, who were > or = 35 years old and who had been treated with metformin and a sulphonylurea for at least 6 months, completed questionnaires during their usual primary care office visit." | 1.35 | Hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with a combination of metformin and sulphonylurea therapy in France. ( Krishnarajah, G; Lyu, R; Mavros, P; Vexiau, P; Yin, D, 2008) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes who added a sulphonylurea or a thiazolidinedione to ongoing metformin therapy on a date (index date) from January 2001 through January 2006 and who had at least one haemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) measurement in the 12-month period before the visit date were eligible." | 1.35 | Hypoglycaemic symptoms, treatment satisfaction, adherence and their associations with glycaemic goal in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: findings from the Real-Life Effectiveness and Care Patterns of Diabetes Management (RECAP-DM) Study. ( Alvarez Guisasola, F; Krishnarajah, G; Lyu, R; Mavros, P; Tofé Povedano, S; Yin, D, 2008) |
| "Metformin has been used successfully since the 1950s as first line pharmacotherapy to treat people with type 2 diabetes." | 1.34 | Metformin as first choice in oral diabetes treatment: the UKPDS experience. ( Holman, R, 2007) |
| "comparison of 35 type 2 diabetes patients treated with insulin to 35 controls treated with oral hypoglycemic agents." | 1.34 | [Blood pressure and type 2 diabetes mellitus: impact of the insulin therapy]. ( Achour, A; Aouididi, F; Dakhli, S; Lamine, F; Lamine, S; Mami, FB; Trabelsi, N; Zouaoui, C, 2007) |
| "Treatment with glyburide and metformin significantly decreased plasma glucose concentrations from 207 (76) to 134 (52) mg/dl (p<0." | 1.34 | Improvement in coronary vascular dysfunction produced with euglycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Cadenas, J; Facta, AD; Hsueh, WA; Prior, JO; Quinones, MJ; Schelbert, HR; Schindler, TH, 2007) |
| "Weight loss is difficult to achieve in type 2 diabetes and many therapies are associated with weight gain, an effect attenuated by metformin." | 1.34 | Metformin prolongs the postprandial fall in plasma ghrelin concentrations in type 2 diabetes. ( Ashcroft, A; Bloom, SR; Dovey, TM; Eccleston, D; English, PJ; Ghatei, MA; Halford, JC; Harrison, J; Patterson, M; Wilding, JP, 2007) |
| "Renal hypertrophy in rats with Type 1 diabetes was associated with reduction in AMPK phosphorylation and increased mTOR activity." | 1.34 | A role for AMP-activated protein kinase in diabetes-induced renal hypertrophy. ( Choudhury, GG; Feliers, D; Foretz, M; Kasinath, BS; Lee, MJ; Mahimainathan, L; Mariappan, MM; Musi, N; Sataranatarajan, K; Viollet, B; Weinberg, JM, 2007) |
| "The most suitable of the 3 was the last treatment." | 1.34 | A comparative study of the effects of hypoglycemic agents on serum electrolytes in the diabetic patients. ( Hasan, R; Javaid, A; Mansoor, S; Zaib, A, 2007) |
| "Of 19,981 patients with Type 2 diabetes, 11,297 were taking metformin in accordance with our current guideline." | 1.34 | Introducing estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) into clinical practice in the UK: implications for the use of metformin. ( McKnight, JA; Strachan, MW; Warren, RE; Wild, S, 2007) |
| "Metformin treatment for one year improved HbA1c in both groups (with and without type-1 LADA)." | 1.34 | [Detection of LADA-type diabetes in overweight diabetic patients. Is treatment with metformin suitable?]. ( Arroyo Bros, J; Campos Bonilla, B; Granada Ybern, ML; Lóriz Peralta, O; Sanmartí Sala, A, 2007) |
| "(1) Type 2 diabetes is rare in children." | 1.34 | Metformin: new indication. Useful for some children with type 2 diabetes. ( , 2007) |
| "Over half of these German patients with type 2 diabetes failed to attain the HbA(1c) target for glycemic control." | 1.34 | Antidiabetic prescriptions and glycemic control in German patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective database study. ( Lage, MJ; Secnik, K; Yurgin, N, 2007) |
| "Lactic acidosis is a rare side effect of metformin." | 1.34 | [Metformin-related lactic acidosis in an 85-year-old woman]. ( Jansen, PA; Knol, W; van der Linden, CM; van Marum, RJ, 2007) |
| "The epidemic of type 2 diabetes in the latter part of the 20th and early 21st centuries and the recognition that achieving specific glycemic goals can substantially reduce morbidity, have made effective treatment of hyperglycemia a top priority." | 1.34 | [Pharmacological recommendations in the daily metabolic control of diabetes mellitus type 2. The role of the new insulins]. ( Sabán Ruiz, J; Sánchez Sánchez, O, 2007) |
| "Five patients with type 2 diabetes, three of them treated with insulin and two with oral antidiabetic drugs, receiving imatinib due to chronic myeolid leukaemia are reported." | 1.34 | [No influence of imatinib on type 2 diabetes]. ( Chodorowski, Z; Hellmann, A; Prejzner, W; Sein Anand, J, 2007) |
| "Pioglitazone treatment reduced both hepatic lipid content (12." | 1.34 | Effects of pioglitazone and metformin on intracellular lipid content in liver and skeletal muscle of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Fujii, M; Hirota, Y; Kasuga, M; Kawamitsu, H; Kouyama, K; Maeda, K; Ohara, T; Sugimura, K; Teranishi, T; Zenibayashi, M, 2007) |
| "Metformin, which has a different unique mechanism, has been used in type 2 diabetes for approximately 50 years." | 1.34 | Sitagliptin with metformin: profile of a combination for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. ( Gallwitz, B, 2007) |
| " Biphasic insulin aspart 30 in combination with metformin administered twice a day may be recommended as a starting insulin treatment in obese diabetic persons whose glycaemic control remained poor while on oral metformin therapy alone." | 1.34 | Effect of biphasic insulin aspart 30 combined with metformin on glycaemic control in obese people with type 2 diabetes. ( Ascić-Buturović, B, 2007) |
| "Metformin is a biguanide used in the treatment of obese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus; metformin decreases mortality by 36% in comparison to conventional treatment." | 1.34 | [Overdose of metformin secondary to acute renal insufficiency: a report of six cases]. ( Ambrós Checa, A; Gómez Grande, L; Martín Rodríguez, C; Ortega Carnicer, J; Portilla Botelho, M; Ruiz Lorenzo, F, 2007) |
| "Micro vascular morphology and hemodynamics were evaluated non-invasively by means of nailfold videocapillaroscopy." | 1.34 | [Vascular dysfunction in metabolic disorders: evaluation of some therapeutic interventions]. ( Bahia, LR; Bottino, DA; Bouskela, E; Kraemer de Aguiar, LG; Nivoit, P; Villela, NR, 2007) |
| "(1) When type 2 diabetes is inadequately controlled with oral antidiabetic therapy, one option is to add subcutaneous insulin injections (or to accept less stringent glycaemic control)." | 1.34 | Exenatide: new drug. Type 2 diabetes for some overweight patients. ( , 2007) |
| "In subjects with type 2 diabetes, intravenous or subcutaneous GLP-1 stimulated insulin production and decreased blood glucose levels." | 1.34 | Is exenatide improving the treatment of type 2 diabetes? Analysis of the individual clinical trials with exenatide. ( Doggrell, SA, 2007) |
| "A 57-year-old Caucasian woman with Type 2 diabetes treated for seven years with diet and oral combination hypoglycaemic therapy was referred because of the progressive deterioration of glycaemic control." | 1.33 | Improvement of glycaemic control with rebound following orlistat initiation and cessation associated with minimal weight change. ( Atkin, SL; González, S; Kilpatrick, ES, 2005) |
| "Prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing." | 1.33 | Trends in the prevalence and management of diagnosed type 2 diabetes 1994-2001 in England and Wales. ( Carey, IM; Cook, DG; DeWilde, S; Lusignan, S; Richards, N; Sismanidis, C, 2005) |
| "Metformin monotherapy was associated with a lower risk of the composite endpoint (adjusted hazard ratio 0." | 1.33 | Reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with metformin use in subjects with Type 2 diabetes. ( Johnson, JA; Majumdar, SR; Simpson, SH; Toth, EL, 2005) |
| "Their potential for treating Type 2 diabetes is limited by short biological half-life owing to degradation by dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV)." | 1.33 | Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity by oral metformin in Type 2 diabetes. ( Ardill, J; Bell, PM; Duffy, NA; Flatt, PR; Lindsay, JR; McKillop, AM; O'Harte, FP, 2005) |
| "2) In patients with type 2 diabetes age, GFR and the consumption of fruit and vegetables were strong and independent determinants of plasma tHcy levels." | 1.33 | Plasma homocysteine levels in patients with type 2 diabetes in a Mediterranean population: relation with nutritional and other factors. ( Diakoumopoulou, E; Doulgerakis, D; Katsilambros, N; Kirlaki, E; Kitsou, E; Perrea, D; Psallas, M; Tentolouris, N, 2005) |
| "Treatment with pioglitazone as monotherapy or combination therapy led to sustained, positive effects on important components of metabolic syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes, independent of effects on blood glucose control and, as such, could be translated to potential for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease." | 1.33 | Effect of pioglitazone on metabolic syndrome risk factors: results of double-blind, multicenter, randomized clinical trials. ( Iyer, S; Khan, M; Rajagopalan, R, 2005) |
| " Adverse reactions attributed to drugs included hypoglycemia and gastrointestinal distress." | 1.33 | Efficacy and safety of hypoglycemic drugs in children with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Benavides, S; Germak, J; Nahata, MC; Striet, J, 2005) |
| "Metformin monotherapy was associated with a delay in the onset of secondary failure (hazard ratio [HR] 0." | 1.33 | Secondary failure rates associated with metformin and sulfonylurea therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Eurich, DT; Johnson, JA; Majumdar, SR; Simpson, SH, 2005) |
| "Felodipine was withdrawn and the diabetes was controlled before dental treatment was initiated." | 1.33 | Felodipine-influenced gingival enlargement in an uncontrolled type 2 diabetic patient. ( Fay, AA; Gapski, R; Satheesh, K, 2005) |
| "A patient with type 2 diabetes and hypothalamic damage due to a suprasellar tumor developed impaired glycemic control and central obesity." | 1.33 | Markedly improved glycemic control and enhanced insulin sensitivity in a patient with type 2 diabetes complicated by a suprasellar tumor treated with pioglitazone and metformin. ( Goto, T; Igaki, N; Tanaka, M, 2005) |
| "Metformin, however, has the potential to increase serumlactate." | 1.33 | [Metformin-associated lactic acidosis in a patient with pre-existing risk factors]. ( Becker, C; Luginbühl, A; Pittl, U; Schlienger, R, 2005) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous condition in which the clinical manifestation of hyperglycemia is a reflection of the impaired balance between insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion." | 1.33 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus in youth: the complete picture to date. ( Arslanian, S; Bacha, F; Gungor, N; Hannon, T; Libman, I, 2005) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with potentially devastating long-term complications." | 1.33 | Oral agents in managing diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. ( Jacobson-Dickman, E; Levitsky, L, 2005) |
| "Significantly more participants with type 2 diabetes using oral drugs than those with type 1 diabetes and using insulin preferred inhaled insulin (98." | 1.33 | Willingness to pay for inhaled insulin: a contingent valuation approach. ( Einarson, TR; Leiter, LA; MacKeigan, LD; Sadri, H, 2005) |
| "When used late in the course of type 2 diabetes, TZDs result in improved and prolonged glycaemic control which persisted for a median time of 6 years." | 1.33 | Long-term glycaemic efficacy and weight changes associated with thiazolidinediones when added at an advanced stage of type 2 diabetes. ( Bell, DS; Ovalle, F, 2006) |
| "Pretreatment with metformin also decreased phosphorylation of Akt and protein kinase C (PKC) in ECs under these conditions." | 1.33 | Metformin inhibits proinflammatory responses and nuclear factor-kappaB in human vascular wall cells. ( Gerdes, N; Isoda, K; Libby, P; MacFarlane, LA; Schönbeck, U; Tsuboi, N; Young, JL; Zirlik, A, 2006) |
| " We describe the development of the Multiagent Intelligent Dosing System (MAIDS, Dimensional Dosing Systems, Wexford, PA) for predicting glycemic outcome in response to concurrent dose adjustments in oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin." | 1.33 | Description and preliminary evaluation of a Multiagent Intelligent Dosing System (MAIDS) to manage combination insulin-oral agent therapy in type 2 diabetes. ( Cook, CB; Dunbar, VG; Lieberman, R; McMichael, JP, 2005) |
| "Metformin was more effective in lowering glucose in those with a lower BMI (r = -0." | 1.33 | The effect of obesity on glycaemic response to metformin or sulphonylureas in Type 2 diabetes. ( Doney, AS; Donnelly, LA; Hattersley, AT; Morris, AD; Pearson, ER, 2006) |
| "In 224 subjects with type 2 diabetes we assessed the association between baseline IGF-II levels and risk of weight gain (>2." | 1.33 | Low insulin-like growth factor-II levels predict weight gain in normal weight subjects with type 2 diabetes. ( Anderson, SG; Brismar, K; Cruickshank, JK; Gibson, JM; Grill, V; Heald, AH; Kärvestedt, L; Knowles, A; McLaughlin, J; White, A; Wong, L, 2006) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes exposed to sulfonylureas and exogenous insulin had a significantly increased risk of cancer-related mortality compared with patients exposed to metformin." | 1.33 | Increased cancer-related mortality for patients with type 2 diabetes who use sulfonylureas or insulin. ( Bowker, SL; Johnson, JA; Majumdar, SR; Veugelers, P, 2006) |
| "The patients were those with type 2 diabetes mellitus hospitalized with a first MI and the controls were those with diabetes mellitus randomly selected from the same geographic area." | 1.33 | Insulin sensitizing pharmacotherapy for prevention of myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus. ( Berlin, JA; Cappola, AR; Kimmel, SE; Sauer, WH, 2006) |
| "Metformin is a logical treatment in these circumstances but there has always been concern about its safety for the fetus, particularly as it crosses the placenta and it may increase the risk of teratogenesis." | 1.33 | Metformin use and diabetic pregnancy-has its time come? ( Hawthorne, G, 2006) |
| "Metformin is an invaluable hypoglycaemic agent." | 1.33 | Metformin-related vitamin B12 deficiency. ( Dai, LK; Jean, W; Liu, KW, 2006) |
| " The probability of an adverse drug reaction (ADR), as assessed using the Naranjo ADR probability scale, in this case was 4 (probable)." | 1.33 | Possible metformin-induced hepatotoxicity. ( Kutoh, E, 2005) |
| "Metformin treatment resulted in a modest loss of weight." | 1.33 | Stability of body weight in type 2 diabetes. ( Chaudhry, ZW; Gannon, MC; Nuttall, FQ, 2006) |
| "Effective long-term treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) implies modification of the disease processes that cause this progressive disorder." | 1.33 | A mechanism-based disease progression model for comparison of long-term effects of pioglitazone, metformin and gliclazide on disease processes underlying Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Danhof, M; de Winter, W; DeJongh, J; Eckland, D; Moules, I; Ploeger, B; Post, T; Urquhart, R, 2006) |
| "Treatment with fenofibrate or metformin ameliorated renal damage in OLETF rats through SREBP-1 and some enzyme regulated by it reduced fat deposit in kidney directly." | 1.33 | [Effect of fenofibrate and metformin on lipotoxicity in OLETF rat kidney]. ( Guo, XH; Wang, NH; Wang, W; Wu, HH; Xu, XS, 2006) |
| " To maintain these low HbA(1c) values and avoid the utilization of insulin secretagogues or insulin, which are associated with hypoglycemia and suboptimal dosing leading to higher HbA(1c) values, drugs that maintain or improve pancreatic beta-cell function (thiazolidinediones and possibly incretin-based therapies) should be utilized." | 1.33 | The case for combination therapy as first-line treatment for the type 2 diabetic patient. ( Bell, DS, 2006) |
| "In clinical trials in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, pioglitazone as monotherapy, or in combination with metformin, repaglinide, insulin, or a sulfonylurea, induced both long- and short-term improvements in glycemic control and serum lipid profiles." | 1.33 | Spotlight on pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Easthope, S; Keating, GM; Plosker, GL; Robinson, DM; Waugh, J, 2006) |
| "Metformin vs placebo treatment of diabetic pigs (twice 1." | 1.33 | Association of insulin resistance with hyperglycemia in streptozotocin-diabetic pigs: effects of metformin at isoenergetic feeding in a type 2-like diabetic pig model. ( Ackermans, M; Corbijn, H; Dekker, R; Koopmans, SJ; Mroz, Z; Sauerwein, H, 2006) |
| "Thirty-six patients with type 2 diabetes and HbA1c >or= 6." | 1.33 | Treatment with a thiazolidinedione increases eye protrusion in a subgroup of patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Dorkhan, M; Frid, A; Groop, L; Hallengren, B; Lantz, M, 2006) |
| "Metformin users were associated with a 62% decrease in adherence rate as compared with the sulfonylureas group (p<0." | 1.33 | Race and medication adherence in Medicaid enrollees with type-2 diabetes. ( Anderson, RT; Balkrishnan, R; Camacho, FT; Shenolikar, RA; Whitmire, JT, 2006) |
| "There were eight (14%) patients with vitamin B12 deficiency and three among them had hyperhomocysteinaemia." | 1.33 | [Factors influencing homocysteineamia in type 2 diabetic patients]. ( Bouzid, C; Essais, O; Ibrahim, H; Machghoul, S; Ouertani, H; Ouni, Z; Zidi, B, 2006) |
| " Bioequivalence, based on absorption and bioavailability parameters, has been established between the fixed-dose tablets and equivalent doses of pioglitazone and metformin coadministered as separate agents." | 1.33 | Pioglitazone/metformin. ( Deeks, ED; Scott, LJ, 2006) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes and complete HbA(1c) (A1C) data and treated with metformin or sulfonylurea monotherapy for at least three visits before receiving dual oral therapy were included (n = 644)." | 1.33 | Long-term efficacy of metformin therapy in nonobese individuals with type 2 diabetes. ( Constantino, MI; Molyneaux, LM; Ong, CR; Twigg, SM; Yue, DK, 2006) |
| "The rising prevalence of pediatric type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and non-adherence to diabetes regimens pose challenges to obtaining optimal control." | 1.33 | Predictors of metabolic control at one year in a population of pediatric patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective study. ( Alemzadeh, R; Calhoun, M; Ellis, J; Kichler, J, 2006) |
| "For individuals (n = 4,005) with type 1 diabetes, 79% had a DP record for supplies, with an average annual cost of 472 +/- 560 dollars." | 1.33 | Utilization of diabetes medication and cost of testing supplies in Saskatchewan, 2001. ( Hirji, Z; Johnson, JA; Pohar, SL; Secnik, K; Yurgin, N, 2006) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a progressive disease characterized by persistent insulin resistance and a relentless decline in insulin secretion that is accelerated by chronic hyperglycemia." | 1.32 | Redefining insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Rosenstock, J, 2004) |
| " Secondly, to provide transverse data reflecting clinical practice, the authors reviewed an investigation group of 93 metformin-treated patients with available PM and EM, which had been requested either to adjust metformin dosage to renal function, or to screen for potential metformin accumulation following renal failure, metformin overdose or lactic acidosis." | 1.32 | Measurement of metformin concentration in erythrocytes: clinical implications. ( Lacroix, C; Lalau, JD, 2003) |
| "To achieve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends intensification of glucose-lowering therapy when the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level exceeds 8." | 1.32 | Slow response to loss of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Brown, JB; Nichols, GA, 2003) |
| "For the treatment of type 2 diabetes we now have available a wide spectrum of oral antidiabetic agents and insulins that make it possible to offer the patient an individualized, pathophysiologically oriented therapy." | 1.32 | [Therapy decision based on the glucose triad. Drug treatment of type 2 diabetes]. ( Fischer, S; Hanefeld, M, 2003) |
| "Type 2 diabetes can present as diabetic ketoacidosis in obese adolescent subjects." | 1.32 | Type 2 diabetes presenting as diabetic ketoacidosis in adolescence. ( Cox, J; Elkeles, RS; Elwig, C; Poulter, C; Valabhji, J; Watson, M, 2003) |
| "Type 2 diabetes is a chronic and progressive disease." | 1.32 | The development of an oral antidiabetic combination tablet: design, evaluation and clinical benefits for patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Allavoine, T; Howlett, H; Kuhn, T; Nicholson, G; Porte, F, 2003) |
| "Insulin resistance is a key feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 1.32 | Urinary PC-1 and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin, gliclazide or glibenclamide. ( Antić, S; Bogicević, M; Milojković, M; Mitić-Zlatković, M; Stefanović, V; Stojiljković, S; Vlahović, P, 2003) |
| "Metformin is an efficacious long-term use drug in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes patients, either in monotherapy or in combination." | 1.32 | Long-term efficacy of steady-dose metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective study. ( Czupryniak, L; Drzewoski, J, 2003) |
| "Both rosiglitazone and metformin treatment were associated with an increase in HGU; versus placebo, the change reached statistical significance when controlling for sex (placebo-subtracted values = +0." | 1.32 | Effects of metformin and rosiglitazone monotherapy on insulin-mediated hepatic glucose uptake and their relation to visceral fat in type 2 diabetes. ( Ferrannini, E; Hallsten, K; Iozzo, P; Kemppainen, J; Knuuti, J; Lonnqvist, F; Nuutila, P; Oikonen, V; Parkkola, R; Solin, O; Virtanen, KA, 2003) |
| "The metabolic syndrome was present in 64 (46%) of the women with PCOS." | 1.32 | Incidence and treatment of metabolic syndrome in newly referred women with confirmed polycystic ovarian syndrome. ( Glueck, CJ; Goldenberg, N; Papanna, R; Sieve-Smith, L; Wang, P, 2003) |
| "A cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes, prescribed glyburide/metformin tablets, experienced significantly greater improvements in glycaemic control compared to patients receiving glyburide co-administered with metformin." | 1.32 | Greater reductions in A1C in type 2 diabetic patients new to therapy with glyburide/metformin tablets as compared to glyburide co-administered with metformin. ( Blonde, L; Kreilick, C; Seymour, AA; Wogen, J, 2003) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes who are failing on oral agents will generally gain a large amount of body fat when switched to insulin treatment." | 1.32 | Prevention of weight gain in type 2 diabetes requiring insulin treatment. ( de Boer, H; Jansen, M; Koerts, J; Verschoor, L, 2004) |
| "We studied 15 men with type 2 diabetes mellitus by measuring fasting serum glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, total and free testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, 17-OH progesterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle stimulating hormone before and after a short course of metformin." | 1.32 | Effects of short term metformin administration on androgens in diabetic men. ( Ajlouni, KM; Alsheek Nasir, AM; Batieha, AM; El-Shanti, H; Shegem, NS, 2004) |
| "A progressively deteriorating haemodynamic state led to an exploratory laparotomy." | 1.32 | [Lactic acidosis and acute abdomen from biguanide intoxication]. ( Barwing, J; Moerer, O; Neumann, P, 2004) |
| "Patients with type 2 diabetes receiving metformin and/or sulfonylurea (n = 829) were evaluated in this national, multicenter, retrospective study." | 1.32 | Impact of adjunctive thiazolidinedione therapy on blood lipid levels and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Boyle, PJ; Buse, JB; Kendall, DM; Lau, H; Marchetti, A; Peters Harmel, AL, 2004) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the consequence of both insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion." | 1.32 | Optimal glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus: fasting and postprandial glucose in context. ( Abrahamson, MJ, 2004) |
| "Metformin is a biguanide commonly used in type 2 diabetes and considered to be a safe drug with minimal side effects." | 1.32 | Metformin induced acute pancreatitis precipitated by renal failure. ( Mallick, S, 2004) |
| "Their underlying insulin resistance is determined with the help of a checklist and a method called homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)." | 1.32 | [Diabetes update: preventing type 2 diabetes. Individualized stepwise therapy (oral antidiabetic agents). Multifactorial intervention]. ( Müller, B; Trepp, R, 2004) |
| "The increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes constitutes a considerable individual and socio-economic risk, therefore preventive concepts are urgently needed." | 1.32 | [Primary prevention of diabetes mellitus type 2]. ( Gallwitz, B, 2004) |
| " Data have been lacking on their use in combination with both sulfonylurea and metformin among patients of type 2 diabetes who are on insulin therapy secondary to failure of routine oral hypoglycemic drugs in controlling their diabetes." | 1.32 | Beneficial effects of triple drug combination of pioglitazone with glibenclamide and metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on insulin therapy. ( Chandalia, HB; Fafadia, A; Joshi, SR; Panikar, V; Santvana, C, 2003) |
| "Early initiation of therapy for type 2 diabetes with a once-daily combination of metformin and rosiglitazone provides the greatest opportunity to achieve A1cs within the normal range." | 1.32 | Outcomes of initiation of therapy with once-daily combination of a thiazolidinedione and a biguanide at an early stage of type 2 diabetes. ( Bell, DS; Ovalle, F, 2004) |
| "Weight reduction was observed in all the treatment groups." | 1.32 | [Therapy objectives and daily practice--to which extent are blood sugar target values accessible in daily practice?]. ( Stalder, Dde M, 2004) |
| "Metformin was often ineffective in our adolescents with DM2 and compliance was a major factor." | 1.32 | Glycemic control with metformin or insulin therapy in adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Gruppuso, PA; Kadmon, PM, 2004) |
| "Metformin has been shown to increase glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels after an oral glucose load in obese non-diabetic subjects." | 1.32 | Effects of metformin on glucagon-like peptide-1 levels in obese patients with and without Type 2 diabetes. ( Bardini, G; Brogi, M; Ciani, S; Cremasco, F; Dicembrini, I; Mannucci, E; Messeri, G; Ognibene, A; Petracca, MG; Pezzatini, A; Rotella, CM; Tesi, F, 2004) |
| "Metformin was then administered." | 1.32 | Metformin use in an obese diabetic patient from weeks 1 to 21 of pregnancy. ( Imamura, M; Mori, M; Nagai, T, 2003) |
| "Patients aged over 34 years with Type 2 diabetes who had at least 6 months exclusive therapy with OHAs (sulphonylureas or metformin) prior to insulin treatment were identified." | 1.31 | Adherence to oral hypoglycaemic agents prior to insulin therapy in Type 2 diabetes. ( Donnan, PT; Evans, JM; Morris, AD, 2002) |
| "Because both type 2 diabetes and elevated plasma lipid levels are important independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease, the choice of an antihyperglycemic agent for patients with type 2 diabetes--in whom abnormal plasma lipid levels are often seen-should take into account effects on lipids as well as on markers of glycemic control." | 1.31 | Lipid effects of glyburide/metformin tablets in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with poor glycemic control and dyslipidemia in an open-label extension study. ( Dailey, GE; Fiedorek, FT; Mohideen, P, 2002) |
| "Metformin was present in very low or undetectable concentrations in the plasma of four of the infants who were studied." | 1.31 | Transfer of metformin into human milk. ( Hackett, LP; Hale, TW; Ilett, KF; Kohan, R; Kristensen, JH, 2002) |
| "Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common disease whose complications have great costs, both in quality of life and expense of treatment." | 1.31 | Health and economic effects of adding nateglinide to metformin to achieve dual control of glycosylated hemoglobin and postprandial glucose levels in a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Caro, J; Salas, M; Ward, A, 2002) |
| " Specifically, dose-response experiments of acetylcholine (ACh) with or without N-nitro-L-arginine (LNNA) were performed." | 1.31 | Metformin improves vascular function in insulin-resistant rats. ( Hoenig, M; Katakam, PV; Miller, AW; Ujhelyi, MR, 2000) |
| " The healthcare professionals showed important gaps in their knowledge on dosage timing and mechanism of action, particularly with respect to metformin and acarbose." | 1.31 | What do patients with diabetes know about their tablets? ( Avery, L; Browne, DL; Cavan, DA; Kerr, D; Turner, BC, 2000) |
| "Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is characterized by autosomal dominantly inherited, early-onset, non-insulin-dependent diabetes." | 1.31 | Sensitivity to sulphonylureas in patients with hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha gene mutations: evidence for pharmacogenetics in diabetes. ( Corrall, RJ; Hattersley, AT; Liddell, WG; Pearson, ER; Shepherd, M, 2000) |
| " Main outcome measures The dosage of antihyperglycemic agents (sulfonylureas, metformin, and insulin) in relation to glycemic control as measured by the Hb A(1c)." | 1.31 | Achieving further glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Brown, JB; Glauber, HS; Javor, K; Nichols, GA, 2000) |
| "Metformin use was independently associated with chronic diarrhoea (odds ratio 3." | 1.31 | Oral hypoglycaemic drugs and gastrointestinal symptoms in diabetes mellitus. ( Bytzer, P; Horowitz, M; Jones, MP; Talley, NJ, 2001) |
| "To compare substrates oxidative patterns in type 2 diabetic patients treated with sulphonylurea alone or in combination with metformin." | 1.31 | Energy metabolism and substrates oxidative patterns in type 2 diabetic patients treated with sulphonylurea alone or in combination with metformin. ( Avignon, A; Boniface, H; Caubel, C; Lapinski, H; Monnier, L; Rabasa-Lhoret, R, 2000) |
| " Eight-week-old male C57BL/Ks (db/db) mice were sorted into control and exercise groups and dosed daily for 4 weeks with vehicle, metformin (150 mg/kg/d), or acarbose (40 mg/kg/d)." | 1.31 | Exercise adds to metformin and acarbose efficacy in db/db mice. ( Reed, MJ; Tang, T, 2001) |
| "In metformin-treated rats, hepatic expression of SREBP-1 (and other lipogenic) mRNAs and protein is reduced; activity of the AMPK target, ACC, is also reduced." | 1.31 | Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action. ( Chen, Y; Doebber, T; Fenyk-Melody, J; Fujii, N; Goodyear, LJ; Hirshman, MF; Li, Y; Moller, DE; Musi, N; Myers, R; Shen, X; Ventre, J; Wu, M; Zhou, G, 2001) |
| "Twenty obese men with type 2 diabetes (mean body mass index [BMI]: 35." | 1.31 | The effects of metformin and diet on plasma testosterone and leptin levels in obese men. ( Bingol, N; Oktenli, C; Ozata, M; Ozdemir, IC, 2001) |
| "Metformin is an effective and commonly administered drug for controlling plasma glucose concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." | 1.31 | Metformin as a cause of late-onset chronic diarrhea. ( Clement, KD; Foss, MT, 2001) |
| "In the community only one in three with Type 2 diabetes had adequate adherence to OHDs." | 1.31 | Adherence to prescribed oral hypoglycaemic medication in a population of patients with Type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study. ( Donnan, PT; MacDonald, TM; Morris, AD, 2002) |
| "Metformin appears to be an effective medication for the treatment of T2DM in children, but did not seem to be a sufficient long-term monotherapy in our protocol, which required euglycemia for insulin withdrawal." | 1.31 | Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. ( Brosnan, PG; Hardin, DS; Zuhri-Yafi, MI, 2002) |
| " All patients were stable, with no change in dosage for at least 3 months." | 1.30 | Monitoring of metabolic control in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus on oral hypoglycaemic agents: value of evening blood glucose determination. ( Guillausseau, PJ, 1997) |
| " Finally, no dose-response relationship between cumulative exposure to metformin (dose x duration of treatment) and the serum total homocysteine level could be demonstrated." | 1.30 | Does metformin increase the serum total homocysteine level in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus? ( Bouter, LM; Heine, RJ; Hoogeveen, EK; Jakobs, C; Kostense, PJ; Stehouwer, CD, 1997) |
| "Type 2 diabetes is an important public health problem because of its high prevalence and morbidity rate which both are associated with a considerable social and human cost." | 1.30 | [How I treat a diabetes type 2 patient: the DREAM project for better general practitioner-specialist collaboration. Diabetes Reinforcement of Adequate Management]. ( Scheen, AJ, 1998) |
| "Commonly used drugs for type 2 diabetes are not ideal." | 1.30 | Review of management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Greenaway, TM; Peterson, GM; Randall, CT; Vial, JH; Yap, WS, 1998) |
| "Studies performed for drug registration provide little insight into the long-term use and effectiveness of drugs in "real world" populations and settings." | 1.30 | Ten-year follow-up of antidiabetic drug use, nonadherence, and mortality in a defined population with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Bakst, A; Brown, JB; Glauber, HS; Nichols, GA, 1999) |
| "Chronic diarrhea is more frequent in type I diabetic patients." | 1.30 | The prevalence of chronic diarrhea among diabetic patients. ( Goldin, E; Israeli, E; Lysy, J, 1999) |
| "We aimed to examine the survival in NIDDM patients with IHD using various types of oral antidiabetic treatments over a 5-year follow-up period." | 1.30 | Antihyperglycemic treatment in diabetics with coronary disease: increased metformin-associated mortality over a 5-year follow-up. ( Behar, S; Benderly, M; Fisman, EZ; Goldbourt, U; Motro, M; Tenenbaum, A, 1999) |
| "Metformin plays a particularly important role in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 by decreasing insulin resistance." | 1.30 | [Renaissance of metformin]. ( Sieradzki, J, 1999) |
| "Metformin users were significantly more likely than nonusers to have had poor glycemic control at baseline." | 1.30 | Metformin as secondary therapy in a defined population with type 2 diabetes. ( Brown, JB; Pedula, KL, 1999) |
| "Sixteen patients with NIDDM who had demonstrated a fall in fasting plasma glucose concentration > 2." | 1.29 | Effect of metformin on postprandial lipemia in patients with fairly to poorly controlled NIDDM. ( Chen, YD; Jeppesen, J; Reaven, GM; Zhou, MY, 1994) |
| "Metformin has been demonstrated to lower blood glucose in vivo by a mechanism which increases peripheral glucose uptake." | 1.29 | Effect of metformin on insulin-stimulated glucose transport in isolated skeletal muscle obtained from patients with NIDDM. ( Galuska, D; Nolte, LA; Wallberg-Henriksson, H; Zierath, JR, 1994) |
| "Metformin treatment almost normalized glycogen levels, whereas lactate declined concomitantly in the pellet." | 1.29 | Demonstration of defective glucose uptake and storage in erythrocytes from non-insulin dependent diabetic patients and effects of metformin. ( Belleville, I; Martinand, A; Rapin, JR; Wiernsperger, NF; Yoa, RG, 1993) |
| "Non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) affects more than 1% of the population, and 70-80% of all people with diabetes have this form of disorder." | 1.29 | Guidelines for good practice in the diagnosis and treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Report of a joint working party of the British Diabetic Association, the Research Unit of the Royal College of Physicians, and the Royal college of Gen ( , 1993) |
| "Nine male patients with NIDDM (age 53 +/- 2 years [mean +/- SE]; BMI 30." | 1.29 | The effect of metformin on adipose tissue metabolism and peripheral blood flow in subjects with NIDDM. ( Andersson, OK; Gudbjörnsdóttir, HS; Jansson, PA; Lönnroth, PN, 1996) |
| "Patients affected by NIDDM (n = 11) and normal subjects (n = 6) were studied." | 1.29 | The effect of metformin on liver blood flow in vivo in normal subjects and patients with non insulin dependent diabetes. ( Barone, R; Chianelli, M; Fiore, V; Negri, M; Pozzilli, P; Procaccini, E; Ronga, G; Signore, A, 1996) |
| "Metformin-treated rats gained significantly less weight." | 1.29 | Prevention of hyperglycemia in the Zucker diabetic fatty rat by treatment with metformin or troglitazone. ( Burant, CF; Polonsky, KS; Pugh, W; Sreenan, S; Sturis, J, 1996) |
| "Metformin treatment did not lead to an increase of the patients body weight." | 1.29 | [The effect of metformin on lactate levels in type II diabetes]. ( Cacáková, V; Perusicová, J; Richtrová, A, 1996) |
| "A total of 40 NIDDM patients were examined (24 females and 16 males) with a mean age of 55." | 1.29 | [Comparison of two treatment models in type-II diabetic patients with poor metabolic control: Preformed combination of glibenclamide 2,5 mg + metformin 400 mg or mono-therapy with sulfonylurea at maximal doses? An evaluation at six months]. ( Cavallo, P; D'Argenzio, R; Merante, D; Morelli, A, 1996) |
| "in 22 NIDDM subjects refractory to a combination of Sulphonylureas and Biguanides was analysed." | 1.28 | Effect of bed time intermediate acting insulin in NIDDM subjects refractory to a combination of sulphonylureas and biguanides. ( Madhavan, R; Sankaran, JR; Seshasaianam, C; Seshiah, V; Shanker, R; Sundaram, A; Venkataraman, S, 1992) |
| "No metformin related cases were found." | 1.28 | Biguanide related lactic acidosis: incidence and risk factors. ( Aguilar, C; García, JE; Reza, A; Rull, JA, 1992) |
| " They received metformin as the sole therapy when possible (sulfonylureas were discontinued in 9 cases) at a dosage of either 850 mg or 1,700 mg/day dependent on creatinine clearance values of 30-60 ml." | 1.28 | Type 2 diabetes in the elderly: an assessment of metformin (metformin in the elderly). ( Andrejak, M; Hary, L; Isnard, F; Lalau, JD; Quichaud, J; Vermersch, A, 1990) |
| "Gliclazide is a suitable oral hypoglycaemic agent for use in the obese diabetic who cannot be controlled by diet alone." | 1.27 | A comparison of treatment with metformin and gliclazide in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. ( Frier, BM; Kay, JW; McAlpine, CH; McAlpine, LG; Storer, AM; Waclawski, ER, 1988) |
| "The metformin dosage was 1 g twice daily in 9 of the patients and 850 mg thrice daily in the 10th subject." | 1.27 | Mechanism of metformin action in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. ( Disilvio, L; Featherbe, D; Hawa, MI; Jackson, RA; Jaspan, JB; Kurtz, AB; Sim, BM, 1987) |
| "Metformin (Met) is a biguanide oral hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)." | 1.27 | Mechanism of action of metformin: insulin receptor and postreceptor effects in vitro and in vivo. ( Brosseau, R; Fantus, IG, 1986) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 48 (0.69) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 347 (5.02) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 1403 (20.30) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 3425 (49.55) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 1689 (24.44) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Carney, JR | 2 |
| Krenisky, JM | 2 |
| Williamson, RT | 2 |
| Luo, J | 15 |
| Carlson, TJ | 1 |
| Hsu, VL | 1 |
| Moswa, JL | 1 |
| Inman, WD | 1 |
| Jolad, SD | 1 |
| King, SR | 1 |
| Cooper, R | 1 |
| Washburn, WN | 1 |
| Kumar, A | 8 |
| Maurya, RA | 1 |
| Sharma, S | 4 |
| Ahmad, P | 1 |
| Singh, AB | 1 |
| Tamrakar, AK | 1 |
| Srivastava, AK | 2 |
| Qin, N | 2 |
| Li, CB | 1 |
| Jin, MN | 1 |
| Shi, LH | 1 |
| Duan, HQ | 1 |
| Niu, WY | 1 |
| Xiong, Y | 1 |
| Guo, J | 10 |
| Candelore, MR | 1 |
| Liang, R | 2 |
| Miller, C | 1 |
| Dallas-Yang, Q | 1 |
| Jiang, G | 4 |
| McCann, PE | 1 |
| Qureshi, SA | 2 |
| Tong, X | 4 |
| Xu, SS | 3 |
| Shang, J | 1 |
| Vincent, SH | 1 |
| Tota, LM | 1 |
| Wright, MJ | 1 |
| Yang, X | 19 |
| Zhang, BB | 2 |
| Tata, JR | 1 |
| Parmee, ER | 1 |
| Park, K | 2 |
| Lee, BM | 2 |
| Kim, YH | 5 |
| Han, T | 2 |
| Yi, W | 1 |
| Lee, DH | 8 |
| Choi, HH | 2 |
| Chong, W | 2 |
| Lee, CH | 13 |
| Venier, O | 1 |
| Pascal, C | 1 |
| Braun, A | 2 |
| Namane, C | 1 |
| Mougenot, P | 1 |
| Crespin, O | 1 |
| Pacquet, F | 1 |
| Mougenot, C | 1 |
| Monseau, C | 1 |
| Onofri, B | 1 |
| Dadji-Faïhun, R | 1 |
| Leger, C | 1 |
| Ben-Hassine, M | 1 |
| Van-Pham, T | 1 |
| Ragot, JL | 1 |
| Philippo, C | 1 |
| Farjot, G | 1 |
| Noah, L | 1 |
| Maniani, K | 1 |
| Boutarfa, A | 1 |
| Nicolaï, E | 1 |
| Guillot, E | 1 |
| Pruniaux, MP | 1 |
| Güssregen, S | 1 |
| Engel, C | 1 |
| Coutant, AL | 1 |
| de Miguel, B | 1 |
| Castro, A | 2 |
| Raza, S | 2 |
| Srivastava, SP | 2 |
| Srivastava, DS | 1 |
| Haq, W | 1 |
| Katti, SB | 1 |
| Hyun, KH | 1 |
| Kim, H | 8 |
| Kim, KB | 1 |
| Nam, SY | 1 |
| Wacker, DA | 1 |
| Wang, Y | 65 |
| Broekema, M | 1 |
| Rossi, K | 1 |
| O'Connor, S | 1 |
| Hong, Z | 1 |
| Wu, G | 4 |
| Malmstrom, SE | 1 |
| Hung, CP | 1 |
| LaMarre, L | 1 |
| Chimalakonda, A | 1 |
| Zhang, L | 35 |
| Xin, L | 1 |
| Cai, H | 2 |
| Chu, C | 1 |
| Boehm, S | 1 |
| Zalaznick, J | 1 |
| Ponticiello, R | 1 |
| Sereda, L | 1 |
| Han, SP | 1 |
| Zebo, R | 1 |
| Zinker, B | 2 |
| Luk, CE | 1 |
| Wong, R | 1 |
| Everlof, G | 1 |
| Li, YX | 1 |
| Wu, CK | 1 |
| Lee, M | 5 |
| Griffen, S | 1 |
| Miller, KJ | 1 |
| Krupinski, J | 1 |
| Robl, JA | 1 |
| Fan, L | 2 |
| Wang, J | 38 |
| Ma, X | 11 |
| Xiao, W | 5 |
| Li, Z | 23 |
| Zhong, G | 1 |
| Tang, L | 3 |
| Wu, H | 13 |
| Zhang, S | 23 |
| Wang, X | 64 |
| Yin, W | 1 |
| Liu, Z | 24 |
| Zhou, M | 5 |
| Xiao, D | 3 |
| Liu, Y | 47 |
| Peng, D | 2 |
| Yang, J | 26 |
| Li, H | 27 |
| Liu, C | 18 |
| Wang, N | 10 |
| Shi, W | 2 |
| Liao, C | 1 |
| Cai, X | 8 |
| Huang, W | 13 |
| Qian, H | 1 |
| Xu, Y | 23 |
| Niu, Y | 1 |
| Gao, Y | 14 |
| Wang, F | 9 |
| Qin, W | 1 |
| Lu, Y | 14 |
| Hu, J | 12 |
| Peng, L | 2 |
| Liu, J | 61 |
| Xiong, W | 3 |
| Li, N | 5 |
| Wang, LJ | 1 |
| Jiang, B | 2 |
| Guo, SJ | 1 |
| Li, XQ | 1 |
| Chen, XC | 1 |
| Li, C | 22 |
| Shi, DY | 1 |
| Prabha, B | 1 |
| Neethu, S | 1 |
| Krishnan, SL | 1 |
| Sherin, DR | 1 |
| Madhukrishnan, M | 1 |
| Ananthakrishnan, R | 1 |
| Rameshkumar, KB | 1 |
| Manojkumar, TK | 1 |
| Jayamurthy, P | 1 |
| Radhakrishnan, KV | 1 |
| Li, X | 51 |
| Xu, Q | 4 |
| Wang, L | 23 |
| Shi, D | 1 |
| Wu, XD | 1 |
| Huang, S | 5 |
| Shi, Y | 5 |
| Shen, Y | 6 |
| Tu, WC | 1 |
| Leng, Y | 3 |
| Zhao, QS | 1 |
| Kim, CH | 5 |
| Ruan, C | 1 |
| Guo, H | 5 |
| Gao, J | 4 |
| Yan, J | 7 |
| Lv, H | 1 |
| Koufakis, T | 4 |
| Papazafiropoulou, A | 3 |
| Makrilakis, K | 3 |
| Kotsa, K | 4 |
| Tuncali, B | 1 |
| Temizkan Kırkayak, AG | 1 |
| Zeyneloğlu, P | 1 |
| Ott, C | 2 |
| Jung, S | 2 |
| Korn, M | 1 |
| Kannenkeril, D | 2 |
| Bosch, A | 2 |
| Kolwelter, J | 1 |
| Striepe, K | 2 |
| Bramlage, P | 10 |
| Schiffer, M | 1 |
| Schmieder, RE | 2 |
| Lin, WQ | 1 |
| Cai, ZJ | 1 |
| Chen, T | 4 |
| Liu, MB | 1 |
| Zheng, B | 4 |
| Cojic, M | 1 |
| Kocic, R | 3 |
| Klisic, A | 2 |
| Kocic, G | 3 |
| Huang, PJ | 1 |
| Wei, JC | 12 |
| Liu, YT | 1 |
| Lin, CH | 3 |
| Lin, CC | 5 |
| Chen, HH | 3 |
| Shamchuk, A | 1 |
| Doulla, M | 1 |
| Jetha, M | 1 |
| Benham, JL | 1 |
| Donovan, LE | 2 |
| Yamamoto, JM | 1 |
| Whelan, AR | 1 |
| Ayala, NK | 1 |
| Werner, EF | 1 |
| Hsu, SK | 1 |
| Cheng, KC | 1 |
| Mgbeahuruike, MO | 1 |
| Lin, YH | 1 |
| Wu, CY | 6 |
| Wang, HD | 1 |
| Yen, CH | 1 |
| Chiu, CC | 1 |
| Sheu, SJ | 1 |
| Uloko, AT | 1 |
| Salawu, OA | 1 |
| Uloko, AE | 1 |
| Gezawa, ID | 1 |
| Ando, W | 1 |
| Horii, T | 4 |
| Uematsu, T | 1 |
| Hanaki, H | 1 |
| Atsuda, K | 3 |
| Otori, K | 1 |
| Wu, CT | 4 |
| Tsai, YT | 2 |
| Jung, HK | 1 |
| Fu, SL | 2 |
| Hsiung, CA | 2 |
| Liu, HY | 2 |
| Lai, JN | 3 |
| Frías, JP | 15 |
| Maaske, J | 3 |
| Suchower, L | 1 |
| Johansson, L | 6 |
| Hockings, PD | 2 |
| Iqbal, N | 16 |
| Wilding, JPH | 4 |
| Cwynar-Zając, Ł | 1 |
| Chenchula, S | 1 |
| Varthya, SB | 1 |
| Padmavathi, R | 1 |
| Lee, KA | 3 |
| Jin, HY | 4 |
| Kim, YJ | 12 |
| Im, YJ | 1 |
| Kim, EY | 2 |
| Park, TS | 7 |
| Osei, E | 1 |
| Zandbergen, A | 1 |
| Brouwers, PJAM | 1 |
| Mulder, LJMM | 1 |
| Koudstaal, P | 1 |
| Lingsma, H | 1 |
| Dippel, DWJ | 1 |
| den Hertog, H | 1 |
| Utzschneider, KM | 5 |
| Younes, N | 6 |
| Rasouli, N | 6 |
| Barzilay, JI | 1 |
| Banerji, MA | 8 |
| Cohen, RM | 4 |
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| Ismail-Beigi, F | 5 |
| Mather, KJ | 18 |
| Raskin, P | 21 |
| Wexler, DJ | 7 |
| Lachin, JM | 15 |
| Kahn, SE | 41 |
| Chen, P | 6 |
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| Chen, D | 7 |
| Chen, S | 13 |
| Lalau, JD | 25 |
| Bennis, Y | 3 |
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| Hurtel-Lemaire, AS | 3 |
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| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ELMI - Prospective, Randomized, Controlled, Parallel-arm Study to Assess the Effects of the Combined Therapy of Empagliflozin and Linagliptin Compared to Metformin and Insulin Glargine on Renal and Vascular Changes in Type 2 Diabetes[NCT02752113] | Phase 3 | 101 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-04-30 | Completed | ||
| Implementation of a Pragmatic Approach to Lower Diabetes Mellitus Risk After a Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus[NCT05280496] | Phase 3 | 36 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-06-01 | Recruiting | ||
| Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study[NCT01794143] | Phase 3 | 5,047 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Impact of Endocrinology Auto-triggered E-consults on Glycemic Control[NCT03542084] | 305 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-09-04 | Completed | |||
| [NCT00004992] | Phase 3 | 3,234 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 1996-07-31 | Completed | ||
| Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study[NCT00038727] | Phase 3 | 2,779 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2002-09-30 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| An Open-label, Randomized, Parallel Design Trial to Compare the Efficacy of a Sitagliptin-based Metabolic Intervention Versus Standard Diabetes Therapy in Inducing Remission of Type 2 Diabetes[NCT02623998] | Phase 3 | 102 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-07-09 | Completed | ||
| A Phase III, Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Sitagliptin in Pediatric Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Inadequate Glycemic Control[NCT01485614] | Phase 3 | 200 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-02-10 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy, Safety & Tolerability of Combination of Ertugliflozin and Sitagliptin in Patients With Type II Diabetes Mellitus[NCT05556291] | 190 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2022-12-01 | Recruiting | |||
| A Pooled Analysis of the Safety and Efficacy of MK-0431A and MK-0431A XR in Pediatric Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Inadequate Glycemic Control on Metformin Therapy (Alone or in Combination With Insulin)[NCT01760447] | Phase 3 | 223 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-12-07 | Completed | ||
| The Effect of Acupuncture on Insulin Sensitivity of Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Insulin Resistance: a Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT02491333] | Phase 3 | 342 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-08-31 | Completed | ||
| Biometabolic Impact of Continuation of GLP-1 Agonists Following Bariatric[NCT06132477] | 150 participants (Anticipated) | Observational [Patient Registry] | 2023-11-30 | Not yet recruiting | |||
| Effects on Subclinical Heart Failure in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects on Liraglutide Treatment Versus Glimepiride Both in Combination With Metformin[NCT01425580] | Phase 2 | 62 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Trial of Behavioral Weight Loss and Metformin Treatment to Lower Insulin Growth Factor in Cancer Survivors[NCT02431676] | Phase 2 | 121 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy and Safety of Premixed Insulin Treatment in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Observed by Different Type of Flash Glucose Mornitoring[NCT04847219] | 239 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-10-09 | Completed | |||
| Efficacy and Safety of Alogliptin vs. Acarbose in Chinese T2DM Patients With High CV Risk or CHD Treated With Aspirin and Inadequately Controlled With Metformin Monotherapy or Drug Naive: A Multicenter, Randomized, Open Label, Prospective Study[NCT03794336] | Phase 4 | 1,293 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-06-29 | Completed | ||
| Randomized, Phase 3, Double-blind Trial Comparing the Effect of the Addition of Tirzepatide Versus Placebo in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Insulin Glargine With or Without Metformin[NCT04039503] | Phase 3 | 475 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-08-30 | Completed | ||
| Effects of Exercise Training as a Non-pharmacological Treatment for Metabolic Syndrome and Its Interactions With Subjects Habitual Medications.[NCT03019796] | Early Phase 1 | 40 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-07-31 | Completed | ||
| A 26-Week Randomized, Open-label, Active Controlled, Parallel-group, Study Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of the Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on GLP-1 Receptor Agonist and [NCT02787551] | Phase 3 | 514 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-07-06 | Completed | ||
| A Prospective, Randomized, Open Label, Parallel, 12-month Study to Explore and Evaluate the Therapeutic Effects ofLiraglutide, Empagliflozin and Linagliptin on the Cognitive Function, Olfactory Function, and Odor-induced Brain Activation in T2DM Patients [NCT05313529] | 324 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-10-08 | Recruiting | |||
| A Prospective, Randomized, Open Label, Parallel, 6-month Study to Explore and Evaluate the Therapeutic Effects of Henagliflozin on the Cognitive Function, Olfactory Function, and Odor-induced Brain Activation in T2DM Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairmen[NCT06085703] | 60 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-09-01 | Recruiting | |||
| Early Diagnosis and Risk Evaluation of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Diabetes[NCT05590442] | 500 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2022-09-01 | Recruiting | |||
| A Prospective, Randomized, Open Label, Parallel, 16-week Study to Explore and Evaluate the Therapeutic Effects of Liraglutid, Dapagliflozin and Acarbose on the Cognitive Function, Olfactory Function, and Odor-induced Brain Activation in Overweight/Obese P[NCT03961659] | 87 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-05-31 | Recruiting | |||
| Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study to Assess Cardiovascular Outcomes Following Treatment With Ertugliflozin (MK-8835/PF-04971729) in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Established Vascular Disease, The VERTIS CV Stu[NCT01986881] | Phase 3 | 8,246 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-11-04 | Completed | ||
| Metformin Therapy for Gestational Diabetes - Metabolic Late Effects on Child at 9 Years of Age[NCT02417090] | 173 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2015-05-31 | Completed | |||
| Cognitive and Physical Impairment in Frail Older Adults[NCT04962841] | 485 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2020-04-01 | Recruiting | |||
| Pregnancy Outcomes: Effects of Metformin Study (POEM Study), a Long Term Randomized Controlled Study in Gestational Diabetes[NCT02947503] | Phase 3 | 500 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-11-26 | Recruiting | ||
| Study of Metformin HCL in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Intensively Treated With Insulin: a Treatment Strategy for Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT00375388] | Phase 3 | 400 participants | Interventional | 1998-01-31 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, 24 Week, Active-controlled, Open-label, 3-arm, Parallel-group Multicenter Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of iGlarLixi to Insulin Glargine and Lixisenatide in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Insufficiently Controlled With Oral Anti[NCT03798054] | Phase 3 | 878 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-02-15 | Completed | ||
| A Long-term, Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multinational, Multi-centre Trial to Evaluate Cardiovascular and Other Long-term Outcomes With Semaglutide in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (SUSTAIN™ 6 - Long-term Outcomes)[NCT01720446] | Phase 3 | 3,297 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-02-21 | Completed | ||
| A Trial Investigating the Cardiovascular Safety of Oral Semaglutide in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT02692716] | Phase 3 | 3,183 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-01-17 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Semaglutide Once-weekly Versus Insulin Aspart Three Times Daily, Both as Add on to Metformin and Optimised Insulin Glargine (U100) in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes A 52-week, Multi-centre, Multinational, Open-label, Active-controlled, Two Armed,[NCT03689374] | Phase 3 | 2,274 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-10-01 | Completed | ||
| A 24-week Multi-center, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Phase III Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of HMS5552 add-on to Metformin With Additional 28-week Open-label Treatment to Evaluate the Safety in T2DM Subjects[NCT03141073] | Phase 3 | 767 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-10-15 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Metformin on Tibiofemoral Cartilage Volume and Knee Symptoms Among Overweighted Knee Osteoarthritis patients-a Randomized Clinical Trial[NCT05034029] | 262 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-08-01 | Recruiting | |||
| A Randomized, Double-Blind Study With an Open-Label Extension Comparing the Effect of Once-Weekly Dulaglutide With Placebo in Pediatric Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (AWARD-PEDS: Assessment of Weekly AdministRation of LY2189265 in Diabetes-PEDiat[NCT02963766] | Phase 3 | 154 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-12-29 | Completed | ||
| A 56-week, Multicenter, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Randomized Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Efpeglenatide Once Weekly in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Inadequately Controlled With Diet and Exercise[NCT03353350] | Phase 3 | 406 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-12-05 | Completed | ||
| A Phase 3, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Multi-Center Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Exenatide Once Weekly in Adolescents With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT01554618] | Phase 3 | 84 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-12-02 | Completed | ||
| Randomised Controlled Trial of Gestational Treatment With Ursodeoxycholic Acid Compared to Metformin to Reduce Effects of Diabetes Mellitus[NCT04407650] | Phase 4 | 158 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-07-01 | Recruiting | ||
| Beta Cell Restoration Through Fat Mitigation[NCT01763346] | 88 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-06-30 | Completed | |||
| Restoring Insulin Secretion Adult Medication Study[NCT01779362] | Phase 3 | 267 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-04-30 | Completed | ||
| A Phase II, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of CS02 Tablet in Combination With Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control on Metformin Alone[NCT03317028] | Phase 2 | 201 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-10-10 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Metformin Use on Mortality in Diabetic and Non Diabetic Patients With Sepsis and Septic Shock.[NCT05572060] | 75 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-12-01 | Not yet recruiting | |||
| Effect of DPP-4I and Related Treatment on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease[NCT05480007] | 68 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-01-30 | Completed | |||
| Personalized Technology-Supported Counseling to Reduce Glycemic Response in Dietary Weight Loss: The Personal Diet Study[NCT03336411] | 269 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-12-12 | Completed | |||
| A 5-year Study to Compare the Durability of Glycemic Control of a Combination Regimen With Vildagliptin & Metformin Versus Standard-of-care Monotherapy With Metformin, Initiated in Treatment-naïve Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT01528254] | Phase 4 | 2,004 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-03-30 | Completed | ||
| Explore the Efficacy of Acarbose and Metformin on Blood Glucose Fluctuation When Combined With Premix Insulin in Chinese Type 2 Diabetes by CGMS[NCT02438397] | Phase 4 | 80 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2014-12-31 | Recruiting | ||
| Pilot Study of Pharmacist-Coordinated Implementation of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) for Women With a History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)[NCT03766256] | 33 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-03-01 | Completed | |||
| The Efficacy And Safety Of Metformin For The Treatment Of Atrial Fibrillation[NCT05878535] | Phase 4 | 770 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-06-01 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| Effects of Sitagliptin in Relatives of Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, at High Risk of Developing the Disease[NCT05219409] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 70 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-07-31 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| A Pharmacist-Coordinated Implementation of the Diabetes Prevention Program[NCT02384109] | 521 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-06-30 | Completed | |||
| A 24 Week Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel Group, Efficacy and Safety Trial of Once Daily Linagliptin, 5 Milligrams Orally, as Add on to Basal Insulin in Elderly Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients With Insufficient Glycaemic Control[NCT02240680] | Phase 4 | 302 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-09-23 | Completed | ||
| A Multicentre, Open-labelled, Randomized, Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Metformin in Preventing Diabetes in China.[NCT03441750] | Phase 4 | 1,724 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-04-25 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide Versus Placebo in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With Insulin. A 52-week, Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial (PIONEER 8 - Insulin add-on)[NCT03021187] | Phase 3 | 731 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-02-02 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide 1.0 mg Once-weekly Versus Liraglutide 1.2 mg Once-daily as add-on to 1-3 Oral Anti-diabetic Drugs (OADs) in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT03191396] | Phase 3 | 577 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-06-27 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Fenugreek and Cumin Powder on Anthropometric Indices of Overweight and Obese Adults[NCT05966935] | 60 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-09-15 | Not yet recruiting | |||
| Efficacy of Metformin for Sputum Conversion in Patients With Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT05215990] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 80 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-01-15 | Recruiting | ||
| The Effect of Simple Insulin Detemir Titration, Metformin Plus Liraglutide Compared to Simple Insulin Detemir Titration Plus Insulin Aspart and Metformin for Type 2 Diabetes With Very Elevated HbA1c - The SIMPLE Study: A 26 Week, Randomized, Open Label, P[NCT01966978] | Phase 4 | 157 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-11-30 | Completed | ||
| Effect of the Combination of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor (DPP4i) and Insulin in Comparison to Insulin on Metabolic Control and Prognosis in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19[NCT04542213] | Phase 3 | 70 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-08-01 | Completed | ||
| LIRA-ADD2SGLT2i - Liraglutide Versus Placebo as add-on to SGLT2 Inhibitors[NCT02964247] | Phase 3 | 303 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-03-03 | Completed | ||
| A 52-week International, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-Controlled, Parallel Group, Phase 3bTrial With a Blinded 104-week Long -Term Extension Period to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Saxagliptin Co-administered With Dapagliflozin in C[NCT02419612] | Phase 3 | 444 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-08-14 | Completed | ||
| Effectiveness of the Treatment With Dapagliflozin and Metformin Compared to Metformin Monotherapy for Weight Loss on Diabetic and Prediabetic Patients With Obesity Class III[NCT03968224] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 90 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2018-07-07 | Recruiting | ||
| Studies to Treat Or Prevent Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes (STOPP-T2D) Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) Clinical Trial[NCT00081328] | Phase 3 | 699 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-05-31 | Completed | ||
| A 26-Week, Multi-Center, Open-label, Randomized, Parallel-group Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Two Treatment Regimens in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes After Short-Term Intensive Insulin Therapy: Basal Insulin Based Treatment (With Prandial O[NCT03359837] | Phase 4 | 384 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-01-20 | Completed | ||
| Lipid Accumulation in Heart Transplant From Non-diabetic Donors to Diabetic Recipients[NCT03546062] | 177 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2010-01-01 | Completed | |||
| Early Prevention of Diabetes Complications in People With Hyperglycaemia in Europe: e-PREDICE Study[NCT03222765] | 1,000 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2015-03-15 | Recruiting | |||
| The Effect of GLP-1 Agonist, SGLT2 Inhibitor and Their Combination on Endothelial Function, Arterial Stiffness and Left Ventricular Deformation in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes With High Cardiovascular Risk[NCT03878706] | 240 participants (Anticipated) | Observational [Patient Registry] | 2017-11-03 | Recruiting | |||
| Safety and Efficacy of Adding Dapagliflozin and Furosemide in Diabetic Patients (Type 2) With Decompensated Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)[NCT04385589] | Phase 4 | 100 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-05-01 | Completed | ||
| Glucocorticoid Effects in Patients With DM Type 2[NCT03661684] | Early Phase 1 | 10 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-06-03 | Completed | ||
| Remission Evaluation of a Metabolic Intervention in Type 2 Diabetes With Forxiga[NCT02561130] | Phase 4 | 154 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-12-31 | Completed | ||
| Role of Linagliptin in Improving Renal Failure by Improving CD34+ Stem Cell Number, Function and Gene Expression in Renal Function Impaired Type 2 Diabetes Patients.[NCT02467478] | Phase 4 | 31 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-04-30 | Completed | ||
| A Multicentric, Randomized, Open Label Study on Comparison of Pancreatic Beta Cell Recovery and Preservation in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Treated With DPP-4 Inhibitor (Vildagliptin) and Metformin[NCT02853630] | Phase 4 | 203 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-12-31 | Completed | ||
| A 52 Week Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter, Mechanistic Study With a 24 Week Open-Label Follow-Up to Evaluate the Effect of AVANDIA TM on Bone in Postmenopausal Women With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT00679939] | Phase 4 | 226 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-04-21 | Completed | ||
| [NCT00396851] | 100 participants | Interventional | 2007-01-31 | Not yet recruiting | |||
| Efficacy and Safety of Vildagliptin Compared to Metformin in Drug Naive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00099866] | Phase 3 | 570 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Extension to a Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Vildagliptin Compared to Metformin in Drug Naive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00138567] | Phase 3 | 530 participants | Interventional | 2005-01-31 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Double-Blind Study to Compare the Durability of Glucose Lowering and Preservation of Pancreatic Beta-Cell Function of Rosiglitazone Monotherapy Compared to Metformin or Glyburide/Glibenclamide in Patients With Drug-Naive, Recently Diagnosed [NCT00279045] | Phase 3 | 4,426 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2000-01-03 | Completed | ||
| Effects of Agonists of Glucagon Like Peptide - 1 Receptors (GLP-1R) on Arterial Stiffness, Endothelial Glycocalyx and Coronary Flow Reserve in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and Patients With Diabetes Mellitus[NCT03010683] | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-11-30 | Completed | |||
| Metabolic Effects of Treatment in Patients With Recently Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00373178] | Phase 4 | 100 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Double Blind Comparison Study of JARDIANCE® (Empagliflozin) in Prehypertensives Type II Diabetics With Metformin[NCT01001962] | Phase 4 | 1,054 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2016-01-31 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Active-Controlled, Phase 3 Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Saxagliptin in Combination With Metformin IR as Initial Therapy Compared to Saxagliptin Monotherapy and to Metformin IR Monotherapy in Subjects[NCT00327015] | Phase 3 | 1,306 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-05-31 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Factorial Study of the Co-Administration of MK0431 and Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control[NCT00103857] | Phase 3 | 1,208 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-03-17 | Completed | ||
| [NCT00035568] | Phase 4 | 0 participants | Interventional | 2002-02-28 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Register-based, Randomized, Controlled Trial Comparing Dapagliflozin With Metformin Treatment in Early Stage Type 2 Diabetes Patients by Assessing Mortality and Macro- and Microvascular Complications[NCT03982381] | Phase 4 | 2,067 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-09-05 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| The Impact of LY2189265 Versus Metformin on Glycemic Control in Early Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (AWARD-3: Assessment of Weekly AdministRation of LY2189265 in Diabetes-3)[NCT01126580] | Phase 3 | 807 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Public Healthcare Systems and Diabetes Prevention Among People of Mexican Origin: The PRuDENTE Initiative of Mexico City.[NCT03194009] | 3,060 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2017-08-10 | Recruiting | |||
| A Long-term, Multi-centre, International, Randomised Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial to Determine Liraglutide Effects on Cardiovascular Events[NCT01179048] | Phase 3 | 9,341 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-08-31 | Completed | ||
| The Effect of Addition of Metformin In Obese Non- Diabetic Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction[NCT05847244] | Phase 2 | 80 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-10-01 | Recruiting | ||
| A 28-week, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-Controlled, Phase 3 Study With a 24-week Extension Phase Followed by a 52-week Extension Phase to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Simultaneous Administration of Exenatide Once Weekly 2 mg and Da[NCT02229396] | Phase 3 | 695 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-09-04 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Versus Canagliflozin as add-on to Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT03136484] | Phase 3 | 788 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-03-15 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Once-weekly Versus Sitagliptin Once-daily as add-on to Metformin and/or TZD in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (SUSTAIN™ 2 - vs. DPP-4 Inhibitor)[NCT01930188] | Phase 3 | 1,231 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-12-02 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide Versus Empagliflozin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT02863328] | Phase 3 | 822 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-08-10 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Once-weekly Versus Exenatide ER 2.0 mg Once-weekly as add-on to 1-2 Oral Antidiabetic Drugs (OADs) in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (SUSTAIN™ 3 - vs. QW GLP-1)[NCT01885208] | Phase 3 | 813 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-12-02 | Completed | ||
| Metformin as a Novel Treatment for Vitiligo by Targeting CD8+ T Cell Metabolism[NCT05607316] | Phase 2 | 30 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-05-01 | Recruiting | ||
| DISCOVERing Treatment Reality of Type 2 Diabetes in Real World Settings[NCT02322762] | 15,992 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2014-12-30 | Completed | |||
| J-DISCOVER: DISCOVERing Treatment Reality of Type 2 Diabetes in Real World Setting in Japan[NCT02226822] | 1,869 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2014-09-20 | Completed | |||
| Study of Metformin Overdose in Adult Patients Treated at the University Hospital of Nancy: Single-center Descriptive Retrospective Observational Study[NCT04762966] | 50 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2021-03-01 | Recruiting | |||
| A Phase 4, Monocenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Comparator-controlled, Parallel-group, Mechanistic Intervention Trial to Assess the Effect of 8-week Treatment With the Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor (DPP-4i) Linagliptin Versus the Sulfonylurea (SU) Der[NCT02106104] | Phase 4 | 48 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-03-31 | Completed | ||
| An Investigational Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Once Weekly NNC0148-0287 C (Insulin 287) Versus Once Daily Insulin Glargine, Both in Combination With Metformin, With or Without DPP-4 Inhibitors, in Insulin naïve Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT03751657] | Phase 2 | 247 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-11-29 | Completed | ||
| The Effect of Metformin Versus Placebo, Including Three Insulin-Analogue Regimens With Variating Postprandial Glucose Regulation, on CIMT in T2DM Patients - A Randomized, Multicenter Trial[NCT00657943] | Phase 4 | 415 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-04-30 | Completed | ||
| Restoring Insulin Secretion Pediatric Medication Study[NCT01779375] | Phase 3 | 91 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-06-16 | Completed | ||
| The Effect of Adding Vildagliptin Versus Glimepiride to Metformin on Markers of Inflammation, Thrombosis, and Atherosclerosis in Diabetic Patients With Symptomatic Coronary Artery Diseases[NCT03693560] | Phase 4 | 80 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-10-08 | Completed | ||
| Personalised Medicine in Prediabetes - Towards Preventing Diabetes in Individuals at Risk[NCT03558867] | 264 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2018-06-05 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| Study to Evaluate the Effect of Dapagliflozin on the Incidence of Worsening Heart Failure or Cardiovascular Death in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction[NCT03036124] | Phase 3 | 4,744 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-02-08 | Completed | ||
| A Phase III Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel Group, Efficacy and Safety Study of BI 10773 (10 mg, 25 mg) Administered Orally, Once Daily Over 24 Weeks in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Insufficient Glycaemic Control Desp[NCT01159600] | Phase 3 | 1,504 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-07-31 | Completed | ||
| A Phase III Double-blind, Extension, Placebo-controlled Parallel Group Safety and Efficacy Trial of BI 10773 (10 and 25mg Once Daily) and Sitagliptin (100mg Once Daily) Given for Minimum 76 Weeks (Incl. 24 Weeks of Preceding Trial) as Monotherapy or With [NCT01289990] | Phase 3 | 2,705 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-02-28 | Completed | ||
| Drug Repurposing Using Metformin for Improving the Therapeutic Outcome in Multiple Sclerosis Patients[NCT05298670] | Phase 2 | 80 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-02-01 | Recruiting | ||
| Long-term Role of Pioglitazone in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).[NCT00994682] | Phase 4 | 176 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-12-31 | Completed | ||
| A Phase 4, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Effect of Pioglitazone Compared to Placebo on Bone Metabolism in Impaired Fasting Glucose, Postmenopausal Women for One Year of Treatment[NCT00708175] | Phase 4 | 156 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-05-31 | Completed | ||
| A Clinical Trial to Prevent the Complications of Insulin Resistance (Including Type-2 Diabetes)[NCT00015626] | Phase 2 | 300 participants | Interventional | Completed | |||
| [NCT00276497] | Phase 1 | 0 participants | Interventional | 2003-10-31 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Pioglitazone on Intima Media Thickness, Endothelial Function, and Heart Rate Variability in Patients With Impaired Glucose Tolerance[NCT00306826] | Phase 4 | 120 participants | Interventional | Withdrawn (stopped due to financial support withdrawn) | |||
| Role of Pioglitazone and Berberine in Treatment of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease(NAFLD) Patients With Impaired Glucose Regulation or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT00633282] | Phase 2 | 184 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-03-31 | Completed | ||
| Actos Now for Prevention of Diabetes (ACT NOW)[NCT00220961] | Phase 3 | 602 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-01-31 | Completed | ||
| DPP-4 Inhibition and Thiazolidinedione for Diabetes Mellitus Prevention (DInT DM Study)[NCT01006018] | 3 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-07-31 | Terminated (stopped due to Unanticipated delays due to sterilization/stabilization testing of GLP-1.) | |||
| Effects of GH and Pioglitazone in Viscerally Obese Adults With IGT[NCT00352287] | Phase 4 | 60 participants | Interventional | 2003-03-31 | Completed | ||
| Detection of Plaque Inflammation and Visualization of Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Pioglitazone on Plaque Inflammation in Subjects With Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by FDG-PET/CT[NCT00722631] | 70 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-05-31 | Completed | |||
| Effects of PPAR Ligands on Ectopic Fat Accumulation and Inflammation in Subjects With Impaired Glucose Tolerance[NCT00470262] | 27 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-01-31 | Completed | |||
| Prevention of Foot Injuries - Abnormal Distribution Patterns of Plantar Pressure in Patients With Diabetes and Its Connection to Peripheral Neuropathy, Gender, Age and BMI[NCT03426566] | 974 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2012-09-30 | Completed | |||
| The Assessment of the Effect of Metformin and Its Serum Concentration on the Concentration of Substances Associated With the Production of Nitric Oxide in Patients With Impaired Carbohydrate Metabolism[NCT03398356] | Phase 4 | 47 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-10-20 | Completed | ||
| TODAY2 Phase 1 Immediate Post-Intervention Observational Follow-up Study of the TODAY Clinical Trial Cohort[NCT01364350] | 550 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2011-03-31 | Completed | |||
| A Randomized Study Evaluating Dapagliflozin and Metformin, Alone and in Combination, in Overweight Women With a Recent History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Effects on Anthropometric Measurements and Cardiometabolic Abnormalities[NCT02338193] | Phase 3 | 69 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-09-22 | Completed | ||
| A Phase IV, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group Trial to Assess the Effect of 12-week Treatment With the Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist (GLP-1RA) Liraglutide or Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor (DPP-4i) Sitagliptin on th[NCT01744236] | Phase 4 | 70 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-04-30 | Completed | ||
| A 24 Week Monocentric Prospective Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial to Evaluate Efficacy of Combination of Exenatide and Dapagliflozin Compared to Dapagliflozin and Placebo and Its Effects on Hepatic, Myocardial and Pancreatic Fat Distribution in Patie[NCT03007329] | Phase 4 | 34 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-03-08 | Completed | ||
| Evaluating the Implementation of the Diabetes Prevention Program in an Integrated Health System[NCT03249077] | 8,198 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2017-07-01 | Completed | |||
| A Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group, Double-Blind Trial to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Addition of Sitagliptin in Japanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control on Ipragliflo[NCT02577016] | Phase 3 | 141 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-11-05 | Completed | ||
| Role of Canagliflozin on Gene Expression and Function of CD34+ Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Renal Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT02964585] | Phase 4 | 34 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-11-30 | Completed | ||
| Evaluation of the Tubular Effects of Dapagliflozin Using 1HNMR Spectroscopy[NCT02798757] | Phase 4 | 50 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-06-30 | Completed | ||
| Fiber Supplementation and Metformin Combination Therapy in Adolescents With Severe Obesity and Insulin Resistance: Interactions With the Gut Microbiome.[NCT04578652] | Phase 3 | 90 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-10-22 | Recruiting | ||
| Combined Influence of Puberty and Obesity on Insulin Resistance in Adolescents[NCT01775813] | Phase 4 | 104 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-06-30 | Completed | ||
| Investigation of Association Between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Genes of the Apelin/ APJ System (-1860T>C & G212A) and CAD Risk and Hypertension in Syrian Patients[NCT05562687] | 230 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2019-12-15 | Completed | |||
| Metformin in Co-morbid Diabetes or Prediabetes and Serious Mental Illness[NCT02167620] | Phase 4 | 35 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-06-30 | Completed | ||
| A Clinical Trial for Analysis of Intestinal Microbiome Affecting Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety of Metformin in Healthy Volunteers[NCT03809260] | 20 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-12-01 | Completed | |||
| A Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group, Double-Blind Trial to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Addition of Ipragliflozin in Japanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control on Sitaglip[NCT02577003] | Phase 3 | 143 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-11-09 | Completed | ||
| A Phase III, Multicenter, Open-label Long-term Treatment Trial to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Addition of Ipragliflozin in Japanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control on Sitagliptin Monotherapy in Addition to[NCT02564211] | Phase 3 | 77 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-10-26 | Completed | ||
| A Two-Week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Repeat-Dose, Parallel-Group Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of Metformin > 2000mg Co-Administered With Either GSK189075 500mg BID or GSK 189075 750mg BID to Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT00519480] | Phase 1 | 50 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-09-11 | Completed | ||
| A PHASE 1, RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, SPONSOR-OPEN, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED STUDY TO ASSESS THE SAFETY, TOLERABILITY, PHARMACOKINETICS, AND PHARMACODYNAMICS OF MULTIPLE ESCALATING ORAL DOSES OF PF-06882961 IN ADULT SUBJECTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS[NCT03538743] | Phase 1 | 98 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-06-25 | Completed | ||
| A Phase 3, Randomized, Open-Label Trial Comparing Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide Versus Semaglutide Once Weekly as Add-on Therapy to Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT03987919] | Phase 3 | 1,879 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-07-30 | Completed | ||
| Effects of Liraglutide on the Cognitive Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT03707171] | Phase 3 | 30 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-10-01 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Dosage Reduction of Glucose-Lowering Multidrug Regimens on the Incidence of Acute Glycemic Complications in People With Type 2 Diabetes Who Fast During Ramadan: An Open-Label, Parallel-Group, Randomized, Controlled Trial[NCT04237493] | Phase 4 | 687 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-02-14 | Completed | ||
| Feasibility of the FreeStyle Libre Continuous Glucose Monitoring System in Youth With Type 2 Diabetes (FREE_CGM)[NCT06089070] | 30 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-12-01 | Not yet recruiting | |||
| Long-term Post-Intervention Follow-up of the TODAY Cohort (Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Youth and Adolescents)[NCT02310724] | 517 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2014-03-01 | Completed | |||
| Remission Evaluation of Metabolic Interventions in Type 2 Diabetes (REMIT): A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial[NCT01181674] | Phase 4 | 83 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Effect of a Quadruple Therapy on Pancreatic Islet Function, Insulin Resistance and Cardiovascular Function in Patients With Mixed Prediabetes and Obesity: Randomized Clinical Trial[NCT04131582] | Phase 3 | 34 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-09-01 | Recruiting | ||
| Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Once Weekly Versus Insulin Glargine Once Daily as Add on to Metformin With or Without Sulphonylurea in Insulin-naïve Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT02128932] | Phase 3 | 1,089 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-08-04 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Assess Safety and Tolerability During Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) With Usual Diabetes Therapy (UDT) and Either Cycloset or Placebo[NCT00377676] | Phase 3 | 3,095 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-07-31 | Completed | ||
| Endometrial Cancer Recurrence in Patients Taking Metformin[NCT05192850] | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2021-12-27 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| The Effect of Simvastatin on Bone Density in Postmenopausal Women With Type 2 Diabetes: a Double-blind, Randomized Active-comparator (Ezetimibe) Controlled Clinical Trial[NCT05613400] | Phase 4 | 240 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-04-13 | Enrolling by invitation | ||
| A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Metformin in Individuals With Fragile X Syndrome (FXS)[NCT03862950] | Phase 2 | 120 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-05-24 | Recruiting | ||
| A Drug-drug Interaction Study Between the Novel Anti-hepatitis c Virus (HCV) Agent Daclatasvir and The Antidiabetic Agent Metformin in Healthy Volunteers[NCT02565862] | Phase 1 | 20 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Clinical Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetic Goldenseal-Metformin Interaction in Diabetic Patients[NCT05081583] | Early Phase 1 | 22 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-09-16 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| Gut-Brain-axis: Targets for Improvement of Cognition in the Elderly[NCT04841668] | 136 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2021-04-10 | Recruiting | |||
| Integrated Analysis of the Interactions Between Glycemia and Microbiota Composition, and Their Impact on Brain Iron Deposition and Cognition in Subjects With Obesity[NCT03889132] | 128 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2019-03-05 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| Effects of Vildagliptin/Metformin Combination on Markers of Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Inflammation in Diabetic Patients With Coronary Artery Disease[NCT01604213] | Phase 4 | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-09-30 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of the Addition of MK-3102 to Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control on Metformin Therapy[NCT01755156] | Phase 3 | 402 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-01-11 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Saxagliptin on Body Fat , Glucose and Beta Cell Function in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Pre-Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity[NCT01960205] | Phase 4 | 80 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2013-08-31 | Recruiting | ||
| A Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide Versus Insulin Glargine in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DUAL™ V - Basal Insulin Switch)[NCT01952145] | Phase 3 | 557 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-09-20 | Completed | ||
| The Effect of Vildagliptin Based Treatment Versus Sulfonylurea on Glycemic Variability, Oxidative Stress, GLP-1, and Endothelial Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT01404676] | Phase 4 | 34 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-06-30 | Completed | ||
| The Effect of Multi-strain Probiotics on Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Metformin Intolerance. A 32-week Prospective, Single Center, Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Cross-over Clinical Trial.[NCT04089280] | 37 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-10-16 | Completed | |||
| Prevention of Pre-eclampsia Using Metformin: a Randomized Control Trial[NCT04855513] | 414 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-03-24 | Not yet recruiting | |||
| Comparison of Effects of Rosiglitazone and Metformin on Myocardial, Skeletal Muscle, Liver and Adipose Tissue Insulin Stimulated Glucose Uptake in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT02526615] | Phase 4 | 48 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2000-10-31 | Completed | ||
| A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, 26-Week Multicenter Study With a 78-Week Extension To Evaluate The Efficacy And Safety Of Ertugliflozin In Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus And Inadequate Glycemic Control On Metformin Monothe[NCT02033889] | Phase 3 | 621 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-12-13 | Completed | ||
| A Multicentre Observational Study to Investigate the Improvement in Glucose FLuctuation of Sufficient Acarbose Therapy on Type 2 Diabetes Patient With High Blood Glucose Fluctuation[NCT03805191] | 900 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2019-01-01 | Recruiting | |||
| Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate The Effect of Metformin-GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Versus Oral Contraceptive (OC) Therapy on Reproductive Disorders and Cardiovascular Risks in Overweight Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Patients[NCT03151005] | Phase 4 | 70 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-07-01 | Completed | ||
| Effects on Incidence of Cardiovascular Events of the Addition of Pioglitazone as Compared With a Sulphonylurea in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Inadequately Controlled With Metformin.[NCT00700856] | Phase 4 | 3,371 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2008-09-30 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| A Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Ertugliflozin (MK-8835/PF-04971729) in the Treatment of Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Have Inadequate[NCT02036515] | Phase 3 | 464 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-03-12 | Completed | ||
| A Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of MK-3102 in ≥18 and <45 Year-Old Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Inadequate Glycemic Control[NCT01814748] | Phase 3 | 203 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-05-03 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-Controlled, Phase 3 Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Saxagliptin in Combination With Metformin IR as Initial Therapy Compared to Saxagliptin Monotherapy and to Metformin IR Monotherapy in Subject[NCT02273050] | Phase 3 | 1,136 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-12-31 | Completed | ||
| The Safety, Preliminary Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics Study of rExenatide-4 in Chinese T2DM[NCT01342042] | Phase 2 | 36 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2011-03-31 | Recruiting | ||
| [NCT02497313] | 15 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-07-31 | Completed | |||
| Perioperative Continuation of Metformin Therapy in Patients With Typ 2 Diabetes Mellitus Undergoing Non-cardiac Surgery[NCT04284722] | Phase 4 | 400 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-02-29 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| Effects of Different Insulin Regimens on Artery Compliance, Endothelium Function and Autonomic Cardiac Function in Patients With Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes: a Pilot Study[NCT01022658] | 42 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-01-31 | Completed | |||
| AMEMET Study - Observational Multicentric Clinical Study: Metformin in Patients Over 65 Years With Type 2 Diabetes (DM2)[NCT04295031] | 1,500 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2019-10-09 | Recruiting | |||
| A Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial to Study the Safety and Efficacy of the Addition of MK-3102 to Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control on Combination Therapy With Gl[NCT01704261] | Phase 3 | 307 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-10-18 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial Comparing the Effect of Dulaglutide 1.5 mg With Placebo on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes on Basal Insulin Glargine[NCT02152371] | Phase 3 | 300 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Metformin Continuation Versus Interruption Following Coronary Angiography: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT03980990] | Phase 4 | 500 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-06-17 | Recruiting | ||
| Association Between Glycaemic Control and Morbi/Mortality After 5 Years of Follow-up in Type 2 Diabetic Patients[NCT01282060] | 986 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2009-03-31 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 3b Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Saxagliptin Added to Insulin Monotherapy or to Insulin in Combination With Metformin in Chinese Subjects in China With Type 2 Diabetes Who Have Inadequate Glyca[NCT02104804] | Phase 3 | 953 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-05-07 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Oral Supplementation With Curcumin on Insulin Sensitivity in Subjects With Prediabetes[NCT03917784] | Phase 4 | 142 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-02-25 | Recruiting | ||
| A Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of the Combination of Ertugliflozin (MK-8835/PF-04971729) With Sitagliptin Compared With Ertugliflozin Alone and Sitagliptin Alone, in the Treatment of Subjects W[NCT02099110] | Phase 3 | 1,233 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-04-22 | Completed | ||
| The LANCET Trial: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Lantus for C-reactive Protein Reduction in Early Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00366301] | Phase 4 | 500 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-08-31 | Terminated (stopped due to Interim analyses demonstrated futility. Thus, recruitment curtailed 10/08.) | ||
| A Prospective, Randomized Open-Label Phase II Study of the Safety and Tolerability of Metformin in Combination With Standard Antimicrobial Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in People With TB and Co-infected With HIV[NCT04930744] | Phase 2 | 112 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-08-03 | Recruiting | ||
| Study to Understand the Genetics of the Acute Response to Metformin and Glipizide in Humans[NCT01762046] | Phase 1 | 1,000 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2008-01-31 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| A Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate Early Intermittent Intensive Insulin Therapy as an Effective Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: REmission Studies Evaluating Type 2 DM - Intermittent Insulin Therapy (RESET-IT Pilot Study)[NCT01755468] | Phase 3 | 24 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-04-30 | Completed | ||
| Use of Combination Empagliflozin/Linagliptin or Dapagliflozin/Saxagliptin vs Empagliflozin or Dapagliflozin Alone, Subclinical Inflammation of the Genito-urinary Tract and Risk of Infections.[NCT04735042] | 60 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2020-10-07 | Recruiting | |||
| A Randomized, Double-Blind, 3-Arm Parallel-Group, 2-Year (104-Week), Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of JNJ-28431754 Compared With Glimepiride in the Treatment of Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Not Optimally Co[NCT00968812] | Phase 3 | 1,452 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Metformin as Adjunctive Therapy in Overweight and Obese Patients With Dengue: an Open-label Safety and Tolerability Trial[NCT04377451] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 120 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-07-27 | Completed | ||
| Open, Randomized, Unicenter Study Comparing Metabolic Surgery With Intensive Medical Therapy to Treat Diabetic Kidney Disease[NCT04626323] | Phase 2 | 60 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-05-25 | Recruiting | ||
| Teen-Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (Teen-LABS) Research Project[NCT00474318] | 250 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2007-03-31 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate Cardiovascular Outcomes Following Treatment With Alogliptin in Addition to Standard of Care in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes and Acute Coronary Syndrome[NCT00968708] | Phase 3 | 5,380 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy of metfOrmin in PrevenTIng Glucocorticoid-induced Diabetes in Melanoma, breAst or Lung Cancer Patients With Brain Metastases: the Phase II OPTIMAL Study[NCT04001725] | Phase 2 | 110 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-10-15 | Recruiting | ||
| Effect of Sodium Glucose co Transporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibition on Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT-A) Parameters in Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)[NCT04215445] | Phase 4 | 90 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-12-01 | Recruiting | ||
| Modulation of Gut Microbiota to Enhance Health and Immunity of Vulnerable Individuals During COVID-19 Pandemic[NCT04884776] | 453 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-06-01 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| Effect of Saxagliptin (DPP-4 Inhibitor) on Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) as a Cellular Biomarker for Evaluating Endothelial Dysfunction in Early Type 2 Diabetes Patients[NCT02024477] | Phase 4 | 42 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-11-30 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy and Safety of Liraglutide Versus Placebo as add-on to Existing Diabetes Medication in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes and Moderate Renal Impairment. A 26-week Double-blind Placebo-controlled, Randomised, Multicentre, Multi-national, Parallel-group [NCT01620489] | Phase 3 | 279 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-06-14 | Completed | ||
| Diabetes Diagnosis, Management, Prevention and Education in Guinea-Bissau[NCT05591339] | Phase 4 | 200 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-03-01 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Versus Dulaglutide as add-on to Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT02648204] | Phase 3 | 1,201 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-01-06 | Completed | ||
| A 52-Week, Multi-Centre, Randomised, Parallel-Group, Double-Blind, Active Controlled, Phase IV Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Dapagliflozin or Dapagliflozin Plus Saxagliptin Compared With Sulphonylurea All Given as Add-on Therapy to Metformi[NCT02471404] | Phase 4 | 939 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-09-21 | Completed | ||
| A Phase III Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel Group Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Once Daily Oral Administration of BI 10773 25 mg/Linagliptin 5 mg and BI 10773 10 mg/Linagliptin 5 mg Fixed Dose Combination Tablets Compared With the Indivi[NCT01422876] | Phase 3 | 1,405 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-08-31 | Completed | ||
| Maternal and Fetal Outcome With Metformin Therapy for Obese Pregnant Women a Randomized Control Trial.[NCT05554679] | Phase 4 | 178 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-02-01 | Recruiting | ||
| A 26-week Open Label, Randomised, 2-armed, Parallel Group, Multi-centre Trial Investigating Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Detemir Versus Insulin Neutral Protamine Hagedorn in Combination With the Maximum Tolerated Dose of Metformin and Diet/Exercise on G[NCT02131272] | Phase 3 | 42 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-06-11 | Terminated | ||
| Cooperation of Insulin and GLP-1 on Myocardial Glucose Uptake[NCT01232946] | 30 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-01-31 | Completed | |||
| Oral Hypoglycemic Agent Continuation Versus Interruption in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Undergoing Ambulatory Surgery[NCT03179254] | Phase 4 | 160 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-03-22 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy and Safety of the Oral Combined Therapy Glimepiride / Vildagliptin / Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes With Dual Treatment Failure[NCT04841096] | Phase 3 | 172 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-03-21 | Recruiting | ||
| Metformin Use in Chronic Kidney Disease: The CKD-Met Study[NCT02844153] | 1,000 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2014-03-31 | Recruiting | |||
| Effect of Dapagliflozin on 24-hour Blood Glucose in T2DM Patients Inadequately Controlled With Either Metformin Or Insulin[NCT02429258] | Phase 4 | 226 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Physiology of Disease Prevention Observational Study in Clinical Practice[NCT03308773] | 5,000 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2009-01-05 | Enrolling by invitation | |||
| A Multi-center, Prospective, Cohort Study to Elucidate the Effects of Metformin Treatment on Steroid Hormones and Social Behavior. Linking Autistic Behaviorial Symptoms to Changes in Steroid Hormone Availability[NCT04930471] | 45 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2021-06-30 | Not yet recruiting | |||
| Effectiveness and Tolerability of Novel, Initial Triple Combination Therapy With Xigduo (Dapagliflozin Plus Metformin) and Saxagliptin vs. Conventional Stepwise add-on Therapy in Drug-naïve Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT02946632] | Phase 3 | 104 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2016-12-31 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Multicenter, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Ranging Study to Evaluate the Glycemic Effects, Safety, and Tolerability of Metformin Delayed Release In Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT02526524] | Phase 2 | 571 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-09-30 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Open-label, Single Dose, Two-way Crossover Clinical Trial to Investigate the Pharmacokinetics and Safety/Tolerability of the Combination of Gemigliptin/Metformin HCl Sustained Release 50/1000mg in Comparison to Each Component Gemigliptin 50m[NCT02056600] | Phase 1 | 24 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-03-31 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Active Controlled, Parallel Group, Phase 3 Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Add-On Therapy With Saxagliptin and Dapagliflozin Added to Metformin Compared to Add-On Therapy With Saxagliptin in Combinatio[NCT01606007] | Phase 3 | 1,282 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-07-31 | Completed | ||
| A Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial to Study the Efficacy and Safety of the Continuation of Sitagliptin Compared With the Withdrawal of Sitagliptin During Initiation and Titration of Insulin Glargine (LANT[NCT02738879] | Phase 3 | 746 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-05-09 | Completed | ||
| Hospital-based Diabetes Prevention Study in Korea: A Prospective, Multi-center, Randomized, Open-label Controlled Study[NCT02981121] | Phase 4 | 744 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2016-11-30 | Recruiting | ||
| Prospective Study on Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications in Newly Diagnosed Adult Patients[NCT01055093] | 2,000 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2005-09-30 | Recruiting | |||
| Adaptive Study for Efficacy and Safety of Metformin Glycinate for the Treatment of Patients With MS and DM2, Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Secondary to SARS-CoV-2. Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase IIIb.[NCT04626089] | Phase 2 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-02-28 | Withdrawn (stopped due to Administrative decision of the company) | ||
| The Role of Metformin and Colesevelam in Human GLP-1 Secretion[NCT02050074] | Phase 4 | 12 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy and Safety of Saxagliptin and Glimepiride in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Controlled Inadequately With Metformin Monotherapy (SPECIFY Study) : a 48-week, Multi-center, Randomized, Open-label Trial[NCT02280486] | Phase 4 | 388 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Medical Optimization of Management of Type 2 Diabetes Complicating Pregnancy[NCT02932475] | Phase 3 | 831 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-05-25 | Terminated (stopped due to Recommendation by the DSMB that the study be stopped for futility) | ||
| A Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial to Study the Safety and Efficacy of the Addition of Sitagliptin During Metformin Up-titration Compared With Metformin Up-titration Alone in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT02791490] | Phase 3 | 458 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-06-16 | Completed | ||
| A Phase 1, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, 2-Period, Cross-Over Single Day Evaluation Of The Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Effect Of Once And Twice Daily Oral Administration Of PF-04971729 In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT01054300] | Phase 1 | 52 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-02-17 | Completed | ||
| A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, 26-Week Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Ertugliflozin in Asian Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Inadequate Glycemic Control on Metformin Monotherapy (VERTIS-ASIA)[NCT02630706] | Phase 3 | 506 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-12-16 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy and Long-term Safety of Oral Semaglutide Versus Sitagliptin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT02607865] | Phase 3 | 1,864 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-02-15 | Completed | ||
| The Impact of Glucotoxicity on Gastric Emptying in Chinese Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes[NCT05284344] | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2021-01-24 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| A Repeat-dose Study in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus to Assess the Efficacy, Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacodynamics, of Albiglutide Liquid Drug Product[NCT02683746] | Phase 3 | 308 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-03-16 | Completed | ||
| Therapeutic Intervention of Nutraceutical Eriomin Associated With Metformin to Improve the Control of Hyperglycemia in Patients With Prediabetes: A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Crossover Clinical Trial[NCT06005142] | 60 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-07-15 | Recruiting | |||
| Efficacy and Safety of Add-on Topiramate vs Metformin on Cardio-Metabolic Profile in Patients With Schizophrenia on Atypical Antipsychotics With Metabolic Syndrome: a Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT05663749] | Phase 4 | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2022-09-20 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy and Safety of Liraglutide in Combination With Metformin Versus Metformin Monotherapy on Glycaemic Control in Children and Adolescents With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT01541215] | Phase 3 | 135 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-11-13 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists According to Type 2 Diabetes Subtypes: an Italian Monocentric Retrospective Study[NCT06120556] | 128 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2023-06-10 | Recruiting | |||
| Preventing Injured Knees From osteoArthritis: Severity Outcomes (PIKASO)[NCT06096259] | Phase 2 | 512 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-12-31 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| Dietary Oxysterols and β-Cell Function Among African Americans[NCT05072587] | 24 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-07-01 | Recruiting | |||
| The Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Study of Relationship Between Diabetes and Cognitive Impairment by Olfactory Function Assessment and Functional MRI in Obese and Normal Weight Diabetic Patients[NCT02738671] | 250 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2016-01-31 | Completed | |||
| The Emirates Heart Health Project: A Stepped-wedge Cluster Randomized-controlled Trial of a Family-based Health Coach Guided Dietary and Exercise Intervention for Reducing Weight and Cardiovascular Risk in Overweight and Obese Adult Nationals of the Unite[NCT04688684] | 80 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-06-01 | Not yet recruiting | |||
| A Multicentre, Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase IV Trial to Evaluate the Effect of Saxagliptin on the Incidence of Cardiovascular Death, Myocardial Infarction or Ischaemic Stroke in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT01107886] | Phase 4 | 18,206 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD)[NCT00000620] | Phase 3 | 10,251 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 1999-09-30 | Completed | ||
| A 26 Week Randomised, Multinational, Open Labelled, 2 Armed, Parallel Group, Treat-to-target Once Daily Treatment Trial With Insulin Detemir Versus Insulin Glargine, Both in Combination With Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00909480] | Phase 4 | 457 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Anti-diabetic Drugs on Glycemic Variability. A Comparison Between Gliclazide MR (Modified Release) and Dapagliflozin on Glycemic Variability Measured by Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) in Patients With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes[NCT02925559] | Phase 4 | 135 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-10-31 | Completed | ||
| Healthy China - The Improvement Projects for the Screening Ability of Diabetes and Its Complications And for the Standardized Ability of Diagnosis and Treatment for Patients With Early Diabetic Nephropathy[NCT05047471] | 10,000 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2021-12-25 | Enrolling by invitation | |||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group, Phase 3 Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Dapagliflozin in Combination With Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control on Metformi[NCT00528879] | Phase 3 | 915 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Comparative Investigation of Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Glargine Versus Metformin as First Line Drug in Treatment of Early Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00857870] | Phase 4 | 96 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-03-31 | Completed | ||
| The Relationship Between Baseline Body Weight and Glycemic Control Following Metformin Extended-Release Tablets (Glucophage XR) Monotherapy in Chinese Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00778622] | Phase 4 | 371 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-11-30 | Completed | ||
| Safety of Lanreotide 120 mg ATG in Combination With Metformin in Patients With Progressive Advanced Well-differentiated Gastro-intestinal (GI) or Lung Carcinoids: A Pilot, One-arm, Open-label, Prospective Study: the MetNET-2 Trial[NCT02823691] | Early Phase 1 | 20 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-04-30 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| A 24-week International, Randomized, Parallel-group, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Phase III Study With a 80-week Extension Period to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Dapagliflozin Therapy When Added to the Therapy of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes W[NCT00673231] | Phase 3 | 1,240 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-04-30 | Completed | ||
| A 52-Week International, Multi-centre, Randomised, Parallel-group, Double-blind, Active-controlled, Phase III Study With a 156-Week Extension Period to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Dapagliflozin in Combination With Metformin Compared With Sulphonyl[NCT00660907] | Phase 3 | 1,217 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-03-31 | Completed | ||
| CSP #465 - Glycemic Control and Complications in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (VADT)[NCT00032487] | Phase 3 | 1,791 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2000-12-01 | Completed | ||
| CSP #465A - Non-Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors And Atherosclerosis In Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00256607] | 301 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2007-06-30 | Completed | |||
| A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group, Multicenter 24-week Study Followed by an Extension Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of AVE0010 on Top of Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Not Adequately Controlled With Metformin[NCT00712673] | Phase 3 | 680 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-06-30 | Completed | ||
| The Effect of Liraglutide Compared to Sitagliptin, Both in Combination With Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes. A 26-week, Randomised, Open-label, Active Comparator, Three-armed, Parallel-group, Multi-centre, Multinational Trial With a 52-week Ext[NCT00700817] | Phase 3 | 665 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-06-30 | Completed | ||
| "Peripheral Blood Dipeptidylpeptidase IV (CD26) Positive Leukemic Stem Cells in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia as a Diagnostic Marker"[NCT05543161] | 50 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2022-10-31 | Not yet recruiting | |||
| "Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Assess the Effect of Metformin, an Activator of AMPK, on Cognitive Measures of Progression in Huntington's Disease Patients"[NCT04826692] | Phase 3 | 60 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-12-10 | Recruiting | ||
| A Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-Controlled, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Canagliflozin Versus Sitagliptin in the Treatment of Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Inadequate Glycemic Control on Metformi[NCT01137812] | Phase 3 | 756 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-07-31 | Completed | ||
| A Randomised Controlled Trial for People With Established Type 2 Diabetes During Ramadan: Canagliflozin (Invokana™) vs. Standard Dual Therapy Regimen: The 'Can Do Ramadan' Study[NCT02694263] | Phase 4 | 25 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-07-31 | Completed | ||
| Canagliflozin-Mealtime Insulin Rescue[NCT02624908] | Phase 4 | 40 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2016-01-31 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| Mechanisms of Glucose Lowering Effects of Sitagliptin and Metformin Alone and in Combination in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT00820573] | Phase 4 | 16 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-10-31 | Completed | ||
| Feasibility Study of Metformin Therapy in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease.[NCT02903511] | Phase 2 | 56 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-11-30 | Completed | ||
| A Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized, Open-label Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of a Sitagliptin-Based Treatment Paradigm to a Liraglutide-Based Treatment Paradigm in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Co[NCT01296412] | Phase 3 | 653 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-03-11 | Completed | ||
| The Differences Between Insulin Glargine U300 and Insulin Degludec U100 in Impact on the Glycaemic Variability, Oxidative Stress, Arterial Stiffness and the Lipid Profiles in Insulin naïve Patients Suffering From Type Two Diabetes Mellitus[NCT04692415] | Phase 4 | 25 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-12-15 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, 2-arm Parallel-group, Multicenter Study With a 24-week Main Treatment Period and an Extension Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of AVE0010 on Top of Pioglitazone in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Not Adequate[NCT00763815] | Phase 3 | 484 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Effects of Lixisenatide on Gastric Emptying, Glycaemia and 'Postprandial' Blood Pressure in Type 2 Diabetes and Healthy Subjects.[NCT02308254] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 30 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2013-11-30 | Recruiting | ||
| A Randomized Open-label, Repeat Dose, Two Sequence Cross-Over Study to Determine the Effect of GSK189075 on the Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Metformin (Glucophage) in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.[NCT00376038] | Phase 1 | 13 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-08-31 | Completed | ||
| A 52-Week International, Multi-centre, Randomized, Parallel-group, Double-blind, Active-controlled, Phase III Study With a 52-Week Extension Period to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Saxagliptin in Combination With Metformin Compared With Sulphonylure[NCT00575588] | Phase 3 | 891 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-12-31 | Completed | ||
| Phase 2 Study of ITCA 650 in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT00943917] | Phase 2 | 155 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-08-31 | Completed | ||
| A Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Parallel Group Efficacy and Safety Study of BI 1356 (5 mg) Administered Orally Once Daily Over 24 Weeks, With an Open-label Extension to One Year (Placebo Patients Switched to BI 1356), in Type 2 Diabetic Pat[NCT00602472] | Phase 3 | 1,058 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-02-29 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Open-label, Active-controlled, 2-arm Parallel-group, Multicenter 24-week Study Followed by an Extension Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of AVE0010 Versus Exenatide on Top of Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Not Adequately Control[NCT00707031] | Phase 3 | 639 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-06-30 | Completed | ||
| A Multi-center, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of 24 Weeks Treatment With Vildagliptin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients ≥ 70 Years (Drug-naive or Inadequately Controlled on Oral Agents)[NCT01257451] | Phase 3 | 431 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-12-31 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Augmentation of Cerebral Blood Flow on Neuropsychometric Performance After Carotid Endarterectomy in Type II Diabetic Patients[NCT00597545] | 10 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-03-31 | Terminated (stopped due to Half of DM patients had EEG changes and therefore were excluded.) | |||
| Neurologic and Neuropsychometric Outcome in Patients Undergoing Carotid Endarterectomy[NCT00597883] | 585 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2003-03-31 | Completed | |||
| Pilot Study to Assess the Difference in Glycemic Profiles Between Vildagliptin and Glimepiride Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring Device[NCT01262586] | Phase 3 | 24 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-11-30 | Completed | ||
| "A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase III Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of BMS-477118 in Combination With Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control on Metformin Alone"[NCT00121667] | Phase 3 | 1,462 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-08-31 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled, Phase III Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Saxagliptin (BMS477118) in Combination With Thiazolidinedione Therapy in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control[NCT00295633] | Phase 3 | 565 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-03-31 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Saxagliptin in Combination With Glyburide in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control With Glyburide Alone[NCT00313313] | Phase 3 | 768 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-04-30 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Saxagliptin (BMS-477118) as Monotherapy in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control With Diet and Exercise[NCT00121641] | Phase 3 | 1,035 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-07-31 | Completed | ||
| A Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Degludec Once Daily in Insulin naïve Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus When Titrated Using Two Different Titration Algorithms (BEGIN™: ONCE SIMPLE USE)[NCT01326026] | Phase 3 | 222 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-03-31 | Completed | ||
| Metformin Pharmacology in Human Cancers[NCT03477162] | Early Phase 1 | 18 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-05-15 | Terminated (stopped due to Enrollment was closed as efforts had become more challenging, and the lab indicated that they were able to obtain their primary objective with the number that had already been enrolled.) | ||
| Prospective, Parallel Goups Study, Aimed to Evaluating Possible Benefits of the Treatment of New Generation Hypoglycaemic Drugs Compared to Sulphonylureas for the Tratment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT04272359] | 138 participants (Anticipated) | Observational [Patient Registry] | 2019-05-06 | Recruiting | |||
| SEMAGLUTIDE VERSUS GLP-1 RECEPTOR AGONISTS. EFFECTIVENESS , SAFETY AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS 2. OBSERVATIONAL, PROSPECTIVE AND MULTICENTER STUDY. SEVERAL STUDY.[NCT05136287] | 140 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2022-02-01 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| Effect of Empagliflozin on Liver Fat Content in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A 12-week Randomized Clinical Study[NCT02686476] | 100 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-03-31 | Completed | |||
| Effect of Dapagliflozin vs Sitagliptin on Liver Fat Accumulation and Body Composition in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus and Liver Transplantation: a Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT05042505] | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-01-01 | Recruiting | |||
| SGLT-2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin Effects on Appetite and Weight Regulation: A Randomised Double-blind Placebo-controlled Trial (The SEESAW Study)[NCT02798744] | Phase 4 | 68 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-12-31 | Completed | ||
| A 24-week,Multi-centre,Int.,Double-blind,Rand.,Parallel-group,Plac.-Controlled,Phase III Study With a 78-week Ext.Per. to Evaluate the Effect of Dapagliflozin in Combination With Metformin on Body Weight in Subjects With Type2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Have I[NCT00855166] | Phase 3 | 182 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-02-28 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Dapagliflozin Administration on Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Sensitivity, and Insulin Secretion[NCT02113241] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 24 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-04-30 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy of Ipragliflozin Compared With Sitagliptin in Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes With Sulfonylurea and Metformin[NCT03076112] | Phase 3 | 170 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-04-25 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 3 Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Saxagliptin Added to Insulin Monotherapy or to Insulin in Combination With Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control on Ins[NCT00757588] | Phase 3 | 455 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-11-30 | Completed | ||
| The Effect of a Checklist on the Education of Simulated Patients During Insulin Initiation: a Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT02266303] | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2014-07-31 | Recruiting | |||
| Pasta and Other Durum Wheat-based Products: Effects on Post-prandial Glucose Metabolism[NCT03024983] | 18 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-09-30 | Completed | |||
| Pasta and Bread Prepared With Durum Wheat Semolina: Effect on Post-prandial Glucose and Insulin Metabolism[NCT03104686] | 30 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-04-10 | Completed | |||
| Pasta and Couscous Prepared With Durum Wheat Semolina: Effect on Post-prandial Glucose and Insulin Metabolism[NCT03098017] | 30 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-03-13 | Completed | |||
| [NCT01245166] | Phase 3 | 220 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2010-11-30 | Recruiting | ||
| A Phase III Randomised, Double-blind, Active-controlled Parallel Group Efficacy and Safety Study of BI 10773 Compared to Glimepiride Administered Orally During 104 Weeks With a 104 Week Extension Period in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Insuff[NCT01167881] | Phase 3 | 1,549 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-08-31 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy Study of Folic Acid Supplementation on Homocysteine Levels in Adolescent Epileptics Taking Antiepileptic Drugs: A Single Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial[NCT02318446] | Phase 3 | 36 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2015-03-31 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo and Active-Controlled, 4-Arm, Parallel Group, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Canagliflozin in the Treatment of Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Inadequate Glycemic Con[NCT01106677] | Phase 3 | 1,284 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-05-31 | Completed | ||
| A Phase III Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel Group Efficacy and Safety Study of Linagliptin (5 mg), Administered Orally Once Daily for at Least 52 Weeks in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Combination With Basal Insulin Therapy[NCT00954447] | Phase 3 | 1,263 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-08-31 | Completed | ||
| Dose Finding, Safety and Efficacy of Monthly Subcutaneous Canakinumab Administration for the Treatment of Hyperglycemia in Metformin Monotherapy Treated Type 2 Diabetic Patients: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multi-Center Study[NCT00900146] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 556 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-04-30 | Terminated (stopped due to Numerically modest lowering of HbA1c with canakinumab in combination with metformin was inadequate to continue patients with T2DM into Period IV of this study.) | ||
| A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group, Multicenter, 24-week Study Followed by an Extension Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of AVE0010 in Two Titration Regimens on Top of Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Not Adequately [NCT00763451] | Phase 3 | 484 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-09-30 | Completed | ||
| A Randomised Controlled International Multicentre Study Evaluating Changes in Metabolic Syndrome in Smokers With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus After Switching From Tobacco Cigarettes to Combustion-Free Nicotine Delivery Systems: DIASMOKE Study[NCT04231838] | 576 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-09-27 | Recruiting | |||
| The Effects of Neoadjuvant Metformin on Tumour Cell Proliferation and Tumour Progression in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma[NCT02978547] | Phase 2 | 20 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-01-31 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| South Danish Diabetes Study: A Prospective Randomised Multi-Centre Study for the Evaluation of the Optimal Pharmacological Antidiabetic Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT00121966] | Phase 4 | 400 participants | Interventional | 2003-01-31 | Completed | ||
| A 24-week, Multicentre, Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group, International Phase III Study With 24 Week Extension to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Dapagliflozin 10 mg/Day in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Who Have Inadequate [NCT00984867] | Phase 3 | 833 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-10-31 | Completed | ||
| A 78 Week Open Label Extension to Trials Assessing the Safety and Efficacy of BI 10773 as Monotherapy or in Combination With Metformin in Type 2 Diabetic Patients[NCT00881530] | Phase 2 | 660 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-03-31 | Completed | ||
| A Multi-center, Randomized, Double-blind Placebo Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of 24 Weeks Treatment With Vildagliptin 50 mg Bid as add-on Therapy to Metformin Plus Glimepiride in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT01233622] | Phase 3 | 317 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-10-31 | Completed | ||
| Young Adults With Early-onset Obesity Treated With Semaglutide -The RESETTLE Study[NCT05574439] | Phase 4 | 170 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-06-01 | Recruiting | ||
| TECOS: A Randomized, Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate Cardiovascular Outcomes After Treatment With Sitagliptin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Inadequate Glycemic Control[NCT00790205] | Phase 3 | 14,671 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-12-10 | Completed | ||
| A Multicentre, Open Label, Observational 24-week Study to Evaluate Safety of Initiating Insulin Therapy With Levemir® (Insulin Detemir) Once-daily in Oral Antidiabetic Drug-treated Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00825643] | 18,481 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2008-04-30 | Completed | |||
| Evaluation on Safety of Self-titration in Insulin naïve People With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Levemir® (Insulin Detemir) and Oral Antidiabetic Agents[NCT00740519] | 882 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2008-09-30 | Completed | |||
| A Pilot Study: Metformin as an Inflammatory Modulating Therapy in Older Adults Without Diabetes[NCT03772964] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 32 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-01-22 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of Alogliptin Plus Metformin, Alogliptin Alone, or Metformin Alone in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT01023581] | Phase 3 | 784 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-11-30 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Parallel Group, Open-Label, Active-Controlled Study Comparing Acarbose With Voglibose in Patients Who Are Inadequately Controlled With Insulin Glargine Alone or in Combination With Metformin Based on Glycemic Control[NCT00970528] | Phase 4 | 124 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-11-30 | Completed | ||
| A Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Adding Liraglutide Versus Addition of Insulin Aspart With the Largest Meal to Insulin Degludec, Both in Combination With Metformin, in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Qualifying for Treatment Intensification (BEG[NCT01388361] | Phase 3 | 413 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Saxagliptin in Addition to Dapagliflozin and Metformin on Insulin Resistance, Islet Cell Dysfunction, and Metabolic Control in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Previous Metformin Treatment[NCT02304081] | Phase 4 | 64 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-01-31 | Completed | ||
| A 16-wk, Uni-center, Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel, Phase 3b Trial to Evaluate Efficacy of Saxagliptin + Dapagliflozin vs.Dapagliflozin With Regard to EGP in T2DM With Insufficient Glycemic Control on Metformin+/-Sulfonylurea Therapy[NCT02613897] | 56 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-01-31 | Completed | |||
| Effects of SGLT-2 Inhibitor on Myocardial Perfusion, Function and Metabolism in Type 2 DM Patients at High Cardiovascular Risk: The SIMPle Randomized Clinical Trial[NCT03151343] | Phase 3 | 92 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-03-29 | Completed | ||
| An Open-label, Phase II Study to Determine Acute (After the First Dose Administration) and Chronic (After 28 Days of Treatment) Effects of the Sodium-glucose Co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) Inhibitor Empagliflozin (BI 10773) (25 mg Once Daily) on Pre and Postpr[NCT01248364] | Phase 2 | 91 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-11-30 | Completed | ||
| Comparative Effects of Empagliflozin Versus Glimepiride After 26-weeks of Treatment Add on Metformin on Myocardial Metabolic Rate of Glucose Estimated Through 18FDG-PET in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT04183868] | Phase 4 | 26 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-04-30 | Completed | ||
| A Prospective, Randomized, Parallel-group, Adaptive Design Phase IIb/III, Multicenter Study, to Assess the Efficacy of Polychemotherapy for Inducing Remission of Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes.[NCT04271189] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 180 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-09-01 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| Human SLC5A2 Deficiency and the Glucagon-Incretin Axis: A Pilot Study[NCT03965000] | 10 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2019-01-24 | Recruiting | |||
| Metabolic Effects of the SGLT-2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin in Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy (MEDiaN)[NCT03933956] | Phase 3 | 2 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-01-09 | Terminated (stopped due to Study terminated owing to challenges posed by the COVID-19 situation.) | ||
| Combined Effects of SGLT2 Inhibition and GLP-1 Receptor Agonism on Food Intake, Body Weight and Central Satiety and Reward Circuits in Obese T2DM Patients[NCT03361098] | Phase 4 | 65 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-09-18 | Completed | ||
| Inter-relationships Among Iron Stores, the Gut Metagenome, Glucose Levels, and Different Cognitive Domains: the Role of Circulating MicroRNAs (IRONmiRNA Study).[NCT05345106] | 120 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2022-03-28 | Recruiting | |||
| A Multicenter, International Randomized, 2x2 Factorial Design Study to Evaluate the Effects of Lantus (Insulin Glargine) Versus Standard Care, and of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Versus Placebo, in Reducing Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in High Risk Peopl[NCT00069784] | Phase 3 | 12,537 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-08-31 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Canagliflozin as Monotherapy in the Treatment of Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Inadequately Controlled With Di[NCT01081834] | Phase 3 | 678 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-03-31 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, 3-Arm, Parallel-Group, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Canagliflozin in the Treatment of Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Inadequate Glycemic Control on Met[NCT01106625] | Phase 3 | 469 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Insulin Glargine Combined With Sulfonylurea Versus Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.[NCT00708578] | Phase 4 | 99 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Empowerment, Motivation and Medical Adherence (EMMA). Dialogue Tools for Consultations With Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT03008395] | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-10-31 | Withdrawn (stopped due to Unable to secure clinic support for conducting research) | |||
| Efficacy and Safety of Lixisenatide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Insufficiently Controlled by Metformin (With or Without Sulfonylurea): a Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel-group, Placebo-controlled Study With 24-week Treatment P[NCT01169779] | Phase 3 | 391 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-07-31 | Completed | ||
| Optimizing Exercise Training Effects on Metabolic Syndrome Factors by Altering the Timing of Medication and Meal Ingestion[NCT04477590] | 160 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-06-07 | Recruiting | |||
| A Study in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects on Stable Metformin Therapy to Investigate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Co-administering Single and Multiple Oral Doses of GSK1292263[NCT01128621] | Phase 2 | 66 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-11-23 | Completed | ||
| A Study in Type II Diabetic Subjects of Single and Multiple Doses of Orally Administered GSK1292263 to Investigate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of the Compound Alone and When Co-administered With Sitagliptin or Metformin[NCT01119846] | Phase 2 | 100 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-06-05 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, 24-Week Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of INT131 Besylate Compared to Pioglitazone in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00631007] | Phase 2 | 367 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-02-29 | Completed | ||
| Comparison of Twice-Daily Insulin Lispro Low Mixture Versus Once-Daily Basal Insulin Glargine and Once-Daily Prandial Insulin Lispro as Insulin Intensification Strategies in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control on Basal Insul[NCT01175824] | Phase 4 | 478 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-04-30 | Completed | ||
| Genetics of Diabetes Audit and Research in Tayside Scotland (DOLORisk Dundee)[NCT02783469] | 1,915 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2004-10-31 | Completed | |||
| Effect of Dulaglutide on Liver Fat in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT03590626] | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-01-01 | Completed | |||
| Therapeutic Strategies for Microvascular Dysfunction in Type 1 Diabetes[NCT05478707] | Phase 2 | 64 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-10-05 | Recruiting | ||
| A Phase 2/3, Placebo-Controlled, Efficacy and Safety Study of Once-Weekly, Subcutaneous LY2189265 Compared to Sitagliptin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Metformin[NCT00734474] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 1,202 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-08-31 | Completed | ||
| A Phase III, Randomised, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Parallel Group Efficacy and Safety Study of Linagliptin 5 mg Administered Orally Once Daily Over 24 Weeks in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Insufficient Glycaemic Control Despite a Therapy of Metfor[NCT00996658] | Phase 3 | 278 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-10-31 | Completed | ||
| Costituzione Della Biobanca Del Microbiota Intestinale e Salivare Umano: Dalla Disbiosi Alla Simbiosi[NCT04698122] | 75 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2021-05-27 | Completed | |||
| Effect of Adding Metformin to Insulin in Uncontrolled Diabetic Patients During the 3rd Trimester of Pregnancy on Glycemic Control, Fetal and Neonatal Outcomes ,Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT05479214] | Phase 4 | 150 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2022-07-29 | Completed | ||
| Metformin Gastrointestinal Intolerance: Measurement of Mitochondrial Complex I[NCT03445702] | Early Phase 1 | 15 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-10-15 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Open-Label, Active-Controlled, Parallel-Group, Multicenter Study to Determine the Safety and Efficacy of Albiglutide Administered in Combination With Insulin Glargine as Compared With the Combination of Insulin Glargine and Preprandial Lispr[NCT00976391] | Phase 3 | 586 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Exercise Snacks and Glutamine to Improve Glucose Control in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes[NCT03199638] | 14 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-04-01 | Completed | |||
| Variability of Glucose Assessed in a Randomized Trial Comparing the Initiation of A Treatment Approach With Biosimilar Basal Insulin Analog Or a Titratable iGlarLixi combinatioN in Type 2 Diabetes Among South Asian Subjects (VARIATION 2 SA Trial)[NCT03819790] | Phase 4 | 119 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-10-02 | Completed | ||
| Brown Adipose Tissue Activity in Response to Semaglutide Administered to Obese Subjects.[NCT05419726] | 20 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2023-02-01 | Recruiting | |||
| A Study of the Effects of Dapagliflozin on Ambulatory Aortic Pressure, Arterial Stiffness and Urine Albumin Excretion in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT02887677] | Phase 4 | 85 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-10-31 | Terminated (stopped due to On February 2019 Astra-Zeneca Greece decided to stop the financial support of the study.) | ||
| Phase II Trial, Open Label, Clinical Activity of Metformin in Combination With High-dose of Dexamethasone (HDdexa) in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma[NCT02967276] | Phase 2 | 28 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2017-01-31 | Recruiting | ||
| A Phase III, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel Group Safety and Efficacy Study of BI 10773 (10 mg and 25 mg Administered Orally Once Daily) During 52 Weeks in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Insufficient Glycemic Control on[NCT01306214] | Phase 3 | 566 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-02-28 | Completed | ||
| Use of Dapagliflozin to Reduce Burden of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Undergoing Catheter Ablation of Symptomatic Atrial Fibrillation (DAPA-AF) Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter, Placebo-Controlled Trial[NCT04792190] | Phase 4 | 25 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-07-27 | Completed | ||
| Empagliflozin as a Modulator of Systemic Vascular Resistance and Cardiac Output in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT03132181] | Phase 2 | 40 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-04-24 | Completed | ||
| Superiority of Insulin Glargine Lantus vs. NPH: Treat to Normoglycemia Concept.Effect of Insulin Glargine in Comparison to Insulin NPH in Insulin-nave People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With at Least One OAD and Not Adequately Controlled[NCT00949442] | Phase 4 | 708 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-07-31 | Completed | ||
| Use of Metformin in Prevention and Treatment of Cardiac Fibrosis in PAI-1 Deficient Population[NCT05317806] | Phase 4 | 15 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-10-10 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| Effect of Islet Autotransplantation Compared to Oral Antidiabetic Drug in Partially Pancreatectomized Patients Due to Benign Pancreatic Neoplasm.[NCT01922492] | 28 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-05-31 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| Effect of Metformin on Gut Peptides , Bile Acids and Lipid Profiles in Type 2 Diabetics[NCT01357876] | Phase 1 | 8 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-10-01 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized Trial Comparing Two Therapies: Basal Insulin/Glargine, Exenatide and Metformin Therapy (BET) or Basal Insulin/Glargine, Bolus Insulin Lispro and Metformin Therapy (BBT) in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Who Were Previously Treated by Basal Ins[NCT00960661] | Phase 3 | 1,036 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Is the Stepping-down Approach a Better Option Than Multiple Daily Injections in Patients With Chronic Poorly-controlled Diabetes on Advanced Insulin Therapy?[NCT02846233] | 22 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-08-31 | Completed | |||
| A Randomized Phase 3 Trial of Metformin in Patients Initiating Androgen Deprivation Therapy as Prevention and Intervention of Metabolic Syndrome: The Prime Study[NCT03031821] | Phase 3 | 168 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-07-12 | Terminated (stopped due to Manufacturer discontinued the production of study drugs.) | ||
| A Randomized, Open-Label, Parallel-Arm Study Comparing the Effect of Once-Weekly Dulaglutide With Once-Daily Liraglutide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (AWARD-6: Assessment of Weekly AdministRation of LY2189265 in Diabetes-6)[NCT01624259] | Phase 3 | 599 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-06-30 | Completed | ||
| Adding Liraglutide to the Backbone Therapy of Biguanide in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and Newly Diagnosed Type-2 Diabetes[NCT01595789] | Phase 4 | 41 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-05-31 | Completed | ||
| A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Crossover, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Effect of JNJ-28431754 (Canagliflozin) on Post-Meal Glucose in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT01381887] | Phase 1 | 37 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-06-30 | Completed | ||
| A 26-week Randomised, Parallel Two-arm, Double-blind, Multi-centre, Multinational, Treat-to-target Trial Comparing Fixed Ratio Combination of Insulin Degludec and Liraglutide With Insulin Degludec in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT01392573] | Phase 3 | 413 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-11-28 | Completed | ||
| Comparing Effects of Metformin Plus Life Style Modification Compared With Life Style Modification Alone in Lowering Parameters of Oxidative Stress in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients[NCT01521624] | 108 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-10-31 | Completed | |||
| A 16-week, Multicentre, Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase III Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Dapagliflozin 2.5 mg BID, 5 mg BID and 10 mg QD Versus Placebo in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Who Are Inadequately Controlled on [NCT01217892] | Phase 3 | 400 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-11-30 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Open-label, Parallel-group, Multicenter Study to Determine the Efficacy and Long-term Safety of Albiglutide Compared With Insulin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.[NCT00838916] | Phase 3 | 779 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-02-28 | Completed | ||
| A Phase 2, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of LX4211 in Combination With Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control on Metfor[NCT01376557] | Phase 2 | 299 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-06-30 | Completed | ||
| Phase 3, Double Blinded, Placebo Controlled Study of the Effects of 12 Weeks DPP-IV Inhibitor Treatment on Secretion and Action of the Incretin Hormones in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00411411] | Phase 3 | 49 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-02-28 | Completed | ||
| Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes (LEAD-5): Effect on Glycaemic Control After Once Daily Administration of Liraglutide in Combination With Glimepiride and Metformin Versus Glimepiride and Metformin Combination Therapy, and Versus Insulin Glargine [NCT00331851] | Phase 3 | 584 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Evaluation of the Benefit at 6 Months of a 3 Weeks Spa Treatment in the Type 2 Diabetic Patient. Multicenter Randomized Therapeutic Trial[NCT03912623] | 200 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-09-13 | Recruiting | |||
| The Effect of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Enzyme on Frailty and Health Related Quality of Life Among Indonesian Pre-frail Elderly: A Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT02753582] | Phase 4 | 150 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2016-04-30 | Recruiting | ||
| Randomized-Controlled Trial of Metformin to Prevent Frailty in Pre-frail Elderly[NCT02325245] | Phase 3 | 150 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2015-03-31 | Recruiting | ||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group, Phase 3 Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Dapagliflozin as Monotherapy in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control With Diet and Exercise[NCT00528372] | Phase 3 | 1,067 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Dapagliflozin on Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in Patients With Type-2 Diabetes[NCT03377335] | Phase 4 | 186 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2017-12-22 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| Effects of Liraglutide on Cardio-Metabolic Risk Markers[NCT01715428] | 300 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2012-06-30 | Completed | |||
| Study of the Effects of Glutamine on Glycemia, Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) and Insulin Secretion in Man[NCT00673894] | 22 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-04-30 | Completed | |||
| Effect of Dapagliflozin on the Progression From Prediabetes to T2DM in Subjects With Myocardial Infarction[NCT03658031] | Phase 3 | 576 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-03-01 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| Influence of Moderate Exercise on Blood Glucose in Type 2 Diabetics and Healthy Controls.[NCT01765894] | 24 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2012-10-31 | Completed | |||
| A 24 Week Randomised, Open Label, 3 Parallel-group Comparison of Once and Twice Daily Biphasic Insulin Aspart (BIAsp) 30 Plus Sitagliptin and Twice Daily BIAsp 30, All in Combination With Metformin in Insulin naïve Type 2 Diabetic Subjects Inadequately Co[NCT01519674] | Phase 4 | 582 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-06-30 | Completed | ||
| A Pan Asian Trial Comparing Efficacy and Safety of NN5401 and Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30 in Type 2 Diabetes (BOOST™: INTENSIFY ALL)[NCT01059812] | Phase 3 | 424 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-02-01 | Completed | ||
| A Long Term, Open Label, Randomised Study in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, Comparing the Combination of Rosiglitazone and Either Metformin or Sulfonylurea With Metformin Plus Sulfonylurea on Cardiovascular Endpoints and Glycaemia[NCT00379769] | Phase 3 | 4,447 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2001-04-30 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Cassia Cinnamon on Arterial Stiffness Parameters in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT04259606] | 30 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2018-08-17 | Recruiting | |||
| Efficacy and Safety of American Ginseng (Penax Quinquefolius) Extract on Glycemic Control in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Double-blind, Randomized, Crossover Clinical Trial[NCT02923453] | Phase 2 | 23 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 1998-03-31 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Cinnamomum Cassia as an Enhancer of the Insulin Response of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Metabolic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With Metformin Without Glycemic Control[NCT03610412] | Phase 3 | 28 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-08-01 | Completed | ||
| Effect of the Antidiabetic Drug DAPAgliflozin on the Coronary Macrovascular and MICROvascular Function in Type 2 Diabetic Patients[NCT05392959] | Phase 4 | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-06-06 | Recruiting | ||
| A Single-center,Double-blind,Randomised,Placebo-controlled,Parallel-group Study to Assess the Effect of 24 Weeks of Treatment With Vildagliptin on Insulin Sensitivity and Its Underlying Mechanism in Patients With T2DM Treated With Metformin[NCT01356381] | Phase 4 | 43 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-04-30 | Completed | ||
| A 24-week, Multicentre, Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, International Phase III Study With a 28-week Extension Period to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Dapagliflozin 10mg Once Daily in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Who Have Inadequate G[NCT01392677] | Phase 3 | 311 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-10-31 | Completed | ||
| Comparison of Metformin and Pioglitazone Effects on Serum YKL-40 Concentrations in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes[NCT01963663] | 84 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-11-30 | Completed | |||
| The Effect of Sevelamer Carbonate on Serum Trimethylamine-n-Oxide (TMAO) Level in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Stage 3b-4: a Protocol of a Randomized, Parallel, Controlled Trial[NCT03596749] | Phase 3 | 80 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2018-09-01 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase III Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Aleglitazar Monotherapy Compared With Placebo in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) Who Are Drug-Naïve to Anti-Hyperg[NCT01691755] | Phase 3 | 196 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-11-30 | Completed | ||
| A MULTICENTER, RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED,PHASE III STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFICACY,SAFETY AND TOLERABILITY OF ALEGLITAZAR ADDED TO A SU OR ADDED TO A SU IN COMBINATION WITH MET IN PATIENTS WITH T2D INADEQUATELY CONTROLLED WITH SU MONOTHERA[NCT01691989] | Phase 3 | 197 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-12-31 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Insulin Sensitizer Therapy on Atherothrombotic and Inflammatory Profiles Associated With Insulin Resistance[NCT00443755] | Phase 2 | 28 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-08-31 | Completed | ||
| A 12-Week, Phase 2, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Ranging, Parallel Group Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy Of Once Daily PF-04971729 And Sitagliptin On Glycemic Control And Body Weight In Adult Patients With T[NCT01059825] | Phase 2 | 375 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-02-24 | Completed | ||
| A Comparison of Premixed and Basal-Bolus Insulin Intensification Therapies in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Inadequate Glycaemic Control on Twice-daily Premixed Insulin[NCT01175811] | Phase 4 | 402 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-02-28 | Completed | ||
| A 52-Week, Randomised, Double Blind, Active-Controlled, Multi-Centre Phase IIIb/IV Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Tolerability of Saxagliptin Compared to Glimepiride in Elderly Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Have Inadequate Glycaemic Contr[NCT01006603] | Phase 4 | 957 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-10-31 | Completed | ||
| Metformin Administration Effect Over Systemic Inflammation Serum Markers in HIV Positive Prediabetic Patients[NCT03774108] | Phase 4 | 40 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-12-15 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| A 52-week, Randomised, Multi-centre, Parallel Group Study to Investigate the Safety and Efficacy of BI 10773 (10 mg or 25 mg Administered Orally Once Daily) as add-on Therapy to an Oral Antidiabetic Drug (Sulfonylurea, Biguanide, Thiazolidinedione, Alpha [NCT01368081] | Phase 3 | 1,162 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Interactions Between Exogenous Insulin Aspart, Endogenous Insulin and Plasma Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients[NCT01510093] | Phase 2 | 10 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Prebiotics and Metformin Influences Gut and Hormones in Type 2 Diabetes Youth (MIGHTY)[NCT04209075] | Phase 2 | 6 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-03-10 | Completed | ||
| A Randomised, Double-blind, Double-dummy, Active-comparator Controlled Study Investigating the Efficacy and Safety of Linagliptin Co-administered With Metformin QD at Evening Time Versus Metformin BID Over 14 Weeks in Treatment Naive Patients With Type 2 [NCT01438814] | Phase 4 | 689 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-11-30 | Completed | ||
| Randomized Trial of Liraglutide and Insulin Therapy on Hepatic Steatosis as Measured by MRI and MRS in Metformin-treated Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: an Open Pilot Study[NCT01399645] | Phase 2 | 35 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Long Term Treatment With Exenatide Versus Glimepiride in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Pretreated With Metformin (EUREXA: European Exenatide Study)[NCT00359762] | Phase 3 | 1,029 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Metformin in Gestational Diabetes and type2 Diabetes in Pregnancy in a Developing Country[NCT01855763] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 300 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-12-31 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| A Phase 2, Randomized, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled, Dose-ranging, Parallel Group Study To Evaluate Safety And Efficacy Of Pf-04937319 And Glimepiride In Adult Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Inadequately Controlled On Metformin[NCT01517373] | Phase 2 | 304 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-02-29 | Completed | ||
| A Phase 2, Randomized, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled, Dose-ranging, Parallel Group Study To Evaluate Safety And Efficacy Of Pf-04937319 And Sitagliptin On Glycemic Control In Adult Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Inadequately Controlled On Met[NCT01475461] | Phase 2 | 345 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-11-30 | Completed | ||
| An Open-label, Randomized, Three-parallel-group Study on Pharmacodynamic Effects of 8-week QD Treatment With Lixisenatide Compared to Liraglutide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Not Adequately Controlled With Insulin Glargine With or Without Metformin[NCT01596504] | Phase 2 | 142 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-05-31 | Completed | ||
| A 24-week, Multi-center, Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Vildagliptin 50mg Bid as an add-on Therapy to Insulin, With or Without Metformin, in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT01582230] | Phase 3 | 293 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-04-30 | Completed | ||
| Impact of OCT1 Genotype and OCT1 Inhibiting Drugs on an Individual's Tolerance of Metformin[NCT02586636] | Phase 4 | 61 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-03-31 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Metformin on Healthy Live Birth After In-vitro Fertilization in Women With Prediabetes Mellitus: a Multicenter Double-blind Placebo Controlled Randomized Trial[NCT06064669] | 988 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-10-01 | Not yet recruiting | |||
| Observational Study of the Treatment and Follow-up of Patients With Type II Diabetes Receiving Bitherapy With or Without Sitagliptin (Januvia®/Xelevia®).[NCT01357135] | 3,453 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2009-07-15 | Completed | |||
| A 26 Week Randomised, Parallel Three-arm, Open-label, Multi-centre, Multinational Treat-to-target Trial Comparing Fixed Ratio Combination of Insulin Degludec and Liraglutide Versus Insulin Degludec or Liraglutide Alone, in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Tr[NCT01336023] | Phase 3 | 1,663 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-05-23 | Completed | ||
| The Study About Glucose Lowering Effect of Vildagliptin in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Who Are Uncontrolled With Metformin and a Sulphonylurea[NCT01099137] | Phase 4 | 344 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Effect of the Administration of Melatonin and Metformin on Glycemic Control, Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity Markers in Patients With Prediabetes: Pilot Study[NCT03848533] | Phase 2 | 42 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-08-22 | Recruiting | ||
| FLAT-SUGAR: FLuctuATion Reduction With inSULin and Glp-1 Added togetheR[NCT01524705] | Phase 4 | 102 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-08-31 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Open-Label, Parallel-Arm, Noninferiority Comparison of the Effects of Two Doses of LY2189265 and Insulin Glargine on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes on Stable Doses of Metformin and Glimepiride[NCT01075282] | Phase 3 | 810 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-02-28 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Phytoecdysterone Administration on Cytotoxicity, Genotoxicity and Metabolic Control in Subjects With Prediabetes[NCT03906201] | 34 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-02-06 | Recruiting | |||
| A Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Parallel Group Efficacy and Safety Trial of BI 10773 (10 and 25 mg Administered Orally Once Daily) Over 24 Weeks in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Insufficient Glycaemic Control Despite a Backgro[NCT01210001] | Phase 3 | 499 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Strict Glycemic Control on Improvement of Exercise Capacities (VO2 Peak, Peak Workload After Cardiac Rehabilitation, in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Coronary Artery Disease.[NCT00354237] | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-07-31 | Completed | |||
| A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Dose-Escalation Study to Assess the Safety and Tolerability of a Single Intravenous Infusion of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Precursor Cells (MPCs) in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Sub-optimally Controlled on Metformin[NCT01576328] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 61 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-04-30 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy of Metformin Versus Sitagliptin on Benign Thyroid Nodules Size in Type 2 Diabetes: a 2-years Prospective Multicentric Study[NCT04298684] | Phase 4 | 90 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-01-01 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| BIO-2-HEART Study (Identifying New BIOmarkers in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and HEArt Failure Receiving Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Device Implantation)[NCT03323216] | 200 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2018-04-01 | Recruiting | |||
| The Effect of Liraglutide Versus Placebo When Added to Basal Insulin Analogues With or Without Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT01617434] | Phase 3 | 451 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-09-30 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group, Phase 3 Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Therapy With Dapagliflozin Added to Saxagliptin in Combination With Metformin Compared to Therapy With Placebo Added to Saxag[NCT01646320] | Phase 3 | 320 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Comparison of Metformin Hydrochloride Sustained-release Tablet (DuLeNing) and Glucophage in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT03039075] | Phase 4 | 240 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-11-30 | Completed | ||
| Premium With Afrezza vs. One Drop [NCT03313960] | Premium With Afrezza vs. One Drop | 0 participants (Unknown status) | Interventional | 2017-10-05 | "A-One: A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating One Drop (stopped due to Informed Data Systems, Inc.) | ||
| A Phase 3, Multicenter, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Randomized, Clinical Trial Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Prandial Technosphere® Insulin Inhalation Powder Versus Technosphere Inhalation Powder in Insulin Naïve Subjects With Type 2 Diabete[NCT01451398] | Phase 3 | 353 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-11-30 | Completed | ||
| A 12-Week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group, Multicenter Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Delayed-Release Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT01819272] | Phase 2 | 240 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-04-30 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Crossover Study Assessing the Effect of EFB0027 on Plasma Glucose and Pharmacokinetics in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT01804842] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 26 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-12-31 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Crossover Study Assessing the Pharmacokinetics of EFB0027 Versus ETB0015 and ETB0014 in Healthy Subjects[NCT02291510] | Phase 1 | 20 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-10-31 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled, Parallel Group, Phase 3 Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Triple Therapy With Saxagliptin Added to Dapagliflozin in Combination With Metformin Compared to Therapy With Placebo Added t[NCT01619059] | Phase 3 | 315 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-06-30 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Lixisenatide on Glucagon Secretion During Hypoglycemia in Patients With Insulin-treated Type 2 Diabetes[NCT02020629] | Phase 4 | 18 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-12-31 | Completed | ||
| Exercise Dose and Metformin for Vascular Health in Adults With Metabolic Syndrome[NCT03355469] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 80 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2017-08-07 | Recruiting | ||
| A Phase III, Randomized, Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of the Addition of Sitagliptin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control on a Sulfonylurea in Combination With Metformin[NCT01076075] | Phase 3 | 427 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-06-03 | Completed | ||
| A Dietary Intervention With Functional Foods Reduce Metabolic Endotoxemia and Attenuates Biochemical Abnormalities in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes by Modifying the Gut Microbiota.[NCT03421301] | 81 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-08-07 | Completed | |||
| Independent and Additive Effects Of Micronutrients With Metformin In Patients With PCOS:A Double Blind Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial[NCT05653895] | 250 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-12-07 | Recruiting | |||
| The Effects of Acetyl L--Carnitine and Myo/Chiro-Inositol on Improving Ovulation, Pregnancy Rate, Ovarian Function and Perceived Stress Response in Patients With PCOS[NCT05767515] | 120 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-04-15 | Not yet recruiting | |||
| A Randomized, Crossover Study Assessing the Single Dose Pharmacokinetics of Delayed-Release Metformin in Subjects With Renal Dysfunction[NCT01658514] | Phase 2 | 39 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-01-31 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Double-Blind, 5-Arm, Parallel-Group, 26-Week, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Canagliflozin in Combination With Metformin as Initial Combination Therapy in the Treatment of Subjects With Type 2 Diabete[NCT01809327] | Phase 3 | 1,186 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-06-04 | Completed | ||
| A 52-week, Multi-centre, Open-labelled, Randomised (2:1), Parallel-group Trial With an Active Control (Two OADs Combination Therapy) to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Liraglutide in Combination With an OAD in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Insufficien[NCT01512108] | Phase 3 | 363 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-01-10 | Completed | ||
| A Single Blind (Sponsor-unblinded), Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of GSK1070806 in the Treatment of Obese Subjects With T2DM.[NCT01648153] | Phase 2 | 37 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-08-31 | Completed | ||
| The Effect of Insulin Degludec in Combination With Liraglutide and Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Qualifying for Treatment Intensification[NCT01664247] | Phase 3 | 346 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-10-01 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Canagliflozin Compared With Placebo in the Treatment of Older Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Inadequately Contr[NCT01106651] | Phase 3 | 716 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-06-30 | Completed | ||
| The Efficacy and Safety of Liraglutide Compared to Sitagliptin, Both in Combination With Metformin in Chinese Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes.(LIRA-DPP-4 CHINA™)[NCT02008682] | Phase 4 | 368 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-12-31 | Completed | ||
| A Double-blind [Sponsor Unblinded], Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Staggered-parallel Study to Investigate the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacodynamics of GSK2890457 in Healthy Volunteers and Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT01725126] | Phase 2 | 53 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-02-10 | Completed | ||
| A Trial Comparing Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Degludec and Insulin Glargine in Insulin naïve Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (BEGIN™: ONCE)[NCT01849289] | Phase 3 | 833 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-06-02 | Completed | ||
| Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Infusion With Liraglutide in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT01954147] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2013-10-31 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| A Phase III, Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial in China to Study the Safety and Efficacy of Co-administration of Sitagliptin and Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT01076088] | Phase 3 | 744 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-11-15 | Completed | ||
| Using Closed-Loop Artificial Pancreas Technology to Reduce Glycemic Variability and Subsequently Improve Cardiovascular Health in Type 1 Diabetes[NCT05653518] | 40 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-09-09 | Recruiting | |||
| A Randomized, Open-label, Active-controlled, 3-arm Parallel-group, 26-week Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Lixisenatide to That of Insulin Glulisine Once Daily and Insulin Glulisine Three Times Daily in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Insufficien[NCT01768559] | Phase 3 | 894 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-01-31 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double Blind Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Sitagliptin/Metformin Fixed-Dose Combination (Janumet®) Compared to Glimepiride in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT00993187] | Phase 4 | 292 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-05-04 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, 24-week, Open-label, 2-arm Parallel-group, Multicenter Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination Versus Insulin Glargine on Top of Metformin in Type 2 Diabetic Patients[NCT01476475] | Phase 2 | 323 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-11-30 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy and Safety of Liraglutide Versus Lixisenatide as add-on to Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT01973231] | Phase 4 | 404 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-10-31 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy and Safety of Liraglutide Versus Sulphonylurea Both in Combination With Metformin During Ramadan in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT01917656] | Phase 4 | 343 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-01-09 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy and Safety of Switching From Sitagliptin to Liraglutide in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Not Achieving Adequate Glycaemic Control on Sitagliptin and Metformin[NCT01907854] | Phase 4 | 407 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-12-02 | Completed | ||
| An Open-labeled, Randomized, Multicenter, Prospective, Parallel Group, Interventional Study to Demonstrate the Effectiveness of 24 Weeks Treatment With Vildagliptin 50mg Bid as Add on to Metformin 500 mg Bid Compared to Metformin up to 1000 mg Bid in Chin[NCT01541956] | Phase 4 | 3,091 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-02-29 | Completed | ||
| Dapagliflozin Effect on Cardiovascular Events A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Effect of Dapagliflozin 10 mg Once Daily on the Incidence of Cardiovascular Death, Myocardial Infarction or Ischemic Stroke in [NCT01730534] | Phase 3 | 17,190 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-04-25 | Completed | ||
| Metformin in Women With Type 2 Diabetes in Pregnancy Trial[NCT01353391] | Phase 3 | 500 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-05-25 | Completed | ||
| A 24-week Phase III Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel Group Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Twice Daily Oral Administration of Empagliflozin + Metformin Compared With the Individual Components of Empagliflozin or Metformin in Drug Naive Pati[NCT01719003] | Phase 3 | 1,413 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-10-31 | Completed | ||
| PRecisiOn MEdicine to Target Frailty of Endocrine-metabolic Origin[NCT04856683] | 1,100 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2020-08-10 | Recruiting | |||
| A Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial in China to Study the Safety and Efficacy of the Addition of Sitagliptin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control on Sulfonylurea T[NCT01590771] | Phase 3 | 498 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-07-09 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Metformin in Combination With Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKI) on Clinical, Biochemical and Nutritional in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC): Randomized Clinical Trial[NCT03071705] | 120 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2016-03-31 | Recruiting | |||
| Ketosis-Prone Diabetes in African Americans: Predictive Markers, Underlying Mechanisms, and Treatment Outcomes: The Effects of Metformin vs. Sitagliptin on Beta-Cell Preservation in Obese Subjects With Ketosis-Prone Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT01099618] | Phase 4 | 48 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-03-31 | Completed | ||
| Impact of Pharmacist Counseling on the Health-related Quality of Life of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a Cluster Randomized Controlled Study[NCT04313829] | 220 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-08-01 | Completed | |||
| SPIDER: A Structured Process Informed by Data, Evidence and Research - A Research and Quality Improvement Collaboration Supporting Practices in Improving Care for Complex Elderly Patients[NCT03689049] | 104 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2018-03-26 | Enrolling by invitation | |||
| A 24-week, Randomized, Double-blind, Active-controlled, Parallel Group Trial to Assess the Superiority of Oral Linagliptin and Metformin Compared to Linagliptin Monotherapy in Newly Diagnosed, Treatment-naïve, Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patient[NCT01512979] | Phase 4 | 316 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Investigation of Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between 25 mg BI 10773 and 25 mg Hydrochlorothiazide or 5 mg Torasemide Under Steady State Conditions in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in an Open-label, Randomised, Cross-over Tria[NCT01276288] | Phase 1 | 23 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-01-31 | Completed | ||
| A Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial in China to Study the Safety and Efficacy of the Addition of Sitagliptin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control on Insulin Therap[NCT01590797] | Phase 3 | 467 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-07-10 | Completed | ||
| A Phase III, Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel Group Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Linagliptin 5 mg Compared to Placebo, Administered as Oral Fixed Dose Combination With Empagliflozin 10 mg or 25 mg for 24 Weeks, in Patients With Type 2 Di[NCT01778049] | Phase 3 | 708 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Celebrex and Metformin for Postoperative Hepatocellular Carcinoma[NCT03184493] | Phase 3 | 200 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2017-06-02 | Recruiting | ||
| The Effects of Thiazolidinedione on the Diabetic Retinopathy and Nephropathy[NCT01175486] | Phase 4 | 200 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2010-07-31 | Recruiting | ||
| Mansmed Trial : Repurposing Metformin as Anticancer Drug, RCT in Advanced Prostate Cancer[NCT03137186] | Phase 2 | 120 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2017-01-31 | Recruiting | ||
| Fit-One: A Randomized Waitlist Controlled Trial Evaluating the Effect of One Drop and Fitbit on Diabetes and Pre-diabetes Outcomes[NCT03459573] | 500 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2018-02-23 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| Comparative Clinical Study to Evaluate the Possible Beneficial Effect of Empagliflozin Versus Pioglitazone on Non-diabetic Patients With Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis[NCT05605158] | Phase 3 | 56 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-11-30 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| [NCT02285205] | Phase 4 | 38 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-11-30 | Completed | ||
| A Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of the Addition of Sitagliptin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control on Diet/Exercise Therap[NCT01177384] | Phase 3 | 380 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-01-25 | Completed | ||
| Comparative Effectiveness of Point-of-care Glycosylated Hemoglobin Measurement (POC-A1c) vs the Current Standard Based on Oral Glucose Tolerance Test for Early Detection of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) in Colombia[NCT05440968] | 902 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2022-06-30 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| Role of Synchronized Lifestyle Modification Program on Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Patients Taking Oral Hypoglycemics and GLP-1 Analogues[NCT04813146] | 216 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-02-05 | Recruiting | |||
| A Phase III, Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of the Addition of MK-3102 Compared With the Addition of Sitagliptin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Inadequate Glycemic Control on Metformin[NCT01841697] | Phase 3 | 642 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-06-13 | Completed | ||
| Randomized, Three Period Cross Over, Double Blind, Double Dummy Study in Type 2 Diabetic Patients to Assess the Endothelial Effects of Linagliptin, Glimepiride and Placebo Therapy for 28 Days ('ENDOTHELINA')[NCT01703286] | Phase 1 | 42 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-10-31 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Liraglutide on Epicardial Fat in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT02014740] | Phase 4 | 100 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-03-31 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Crossover Design Study of Acute and Chronic Effects of Sitagliptin on Endothelial Function in Humans With Type 2 Diabetes on Background Metformin[NCT01859793] | Phase 4 | 38 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-06-30 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Long-Term, Open-Label, 3-Arm, Multicenter Study to Compare the Glycemic Effects, Safety, and Tolerability of Exenatide Once Weekly Suspension to Sitagliptin and Placebo in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT01652729] | Phase 3 | 365 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-02-28 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Active-Controlled, Open-label Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Glimepiride, Gliclazide, Repaglinide or Acarbose as a Third OAHA on Top of Sitagliptin+Metformin Combination Therapy in Chinese Patients With Ty[NCT01709305] | Phase 4 | 5,570 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-11-08 | Completed | ||
| SMART Study - A 24-Week, Multicenter, Randomized, Parallel-group, Open-label, Active Controlled Phase IV Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Saxagliptin Compared With Acarbose When in Combination With Metformin in Patients With Type 2[NCT02243176] | Phase 4 | 689 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Relationship Between Insulin Resistance and Statin Induced Type 2 Diabetes, and Integrative Personal Omics Profiling[NCT02437084] | Phase 4 | 115 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-05-31 | Completed | ||
| A 28-week, Multi-center Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate the Potential of Dapagliflozin Plus Exenatide in Combination With High-dose Intensive Insulin Therapy Compared to Placebo in Obese Insulin-resistant Patients With Type [NCT03419624] | Phase 3 | 13 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-02-19 | Terminated (stopped due to Delay in patient enrolment) | ||
| A Combination of Zinc, Chromium, Vitamin C, and Copper Supplement for Prediabetes Progression: Randomized Controlled-Trial in Jakarta[NCT04511468] | 670 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-06-23 | Recruiting | |||
| A Randomized Trial of Metformin as Adjunct Therapy for Overweight Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes[NCT01881828] | Phase 3 | 164 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-09-30 | Completed | ||
| A Phase 3, Randomized, Three-Arm, Double-blind, Active Controlled, Parallel Group, Multicenter Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Muraglitazar in Combination With Metformin Compared to Glimepiride in Combination With Metformin in Subjects Wtih T[NCT00095030] | Phase 3 | 1,752 participants | Interventional | 2004-02-29 | Completed | ||
| Modulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress as a Prophylactic Approach Against Symptomatic Viral Infection[NCT04267809] | Phase 2 | 44 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-10-22 | Recruiting | ||
| Financial Incentives and SMS to Improve African American Womens' Glycemic Control: Friends & Relatives Improving the Effectiveness of Networks for Diabetes Support Through Text Messaging (FRIENDS Text)[NCT02384265] | 41 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-06-21 | Completed | |||
| A Randomized, Multi-Center, Pivotal Efficacy and Safety Study Evaluating the EndoBarrier® System for Glycemic Improvement in Patients With Inadequately Controlled Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity[NCT04101669] | 240 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-09-09 | Recruiting | |||
| Carotid Intimae-media Thickness (CIMT) and Carotid Plaque (CP) Presence as Risk Markers of Cardiovascular Disease at the Time of Type 2 Diabetes Diagnosis[NCT01898572] | 200 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2012-01-31 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| Efficacy/Safety Study of Adding Glimepiride to Type 2 Diabetes Patients With Inadequate Glycemic Control Based on Combination With Metformin And Basal Insulin[NCT02026310] | 40 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-01-31 | Completed | |||
| The Study to Investigate the Contribution of Basal and Post-prandial Blood Glucose to Overall Glycaemia in Subjects With Normal Glycaemic Metabolism and Type 2 Diabetes[NCT02648685] | 337 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2015-11-30 | Completed | |||
| A Randomized Trial of Care Navigator to Support Younger Latinx Adults Newly Diagnosed With Type 2 Diabetes (AURORA)[NCT05754008] | 204 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-03-31 | Recruiting | |||
| Dietary Fiber in Nutritional Therapy for Chronic Diseases[NCT04690075] | 120 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-12-24 | Recruiting | |||
| A Multi-centre, Open-labeled, Randomized, Parallel Study on Liver Fat Content and Visceral Fat Mass in Overweight and Obese Type 2 Diabetes Patients After 26 Weeks Treatment With Insulin Detemir Once Daily Versus Insulin NPH Once Daily[NCT01310452] | 50 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2011-01-31 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| Efficacy and Safety of Metformin Glycinate Compared to Metformin Hydrochloride on the Progression of Type 2 Diabetes[NCT04943692] | Phase 3 | 500 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-08-31 | Suspended (stopped due to Administrative decision of the investigation direction) | ||
| Safety and Efficacy of Metformin Glycinate vs Metformin Hydrochloride on Metabolic Control and Inflammatory Mediators in Type 2 Diabetes Patients[NCT01386671] | Phase 3 | 203 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-06-30 | Completed | ||
| Effectiveness of a Diabetes Focused Discharge Order Set Among Poorly Controlled Hospitalized Patients Transitioning to Glargine U300 Insulin[NCT03455985] | 158 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-05-01 | Completed | |||
| A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study on Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG) Protocols in Predicting Glucose Levels in Senior Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)[NCT01954771] | 89 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-06-30 | Completed | |||
| Improving Insulin Resistance to Treat Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Pilot Study[NCT02457286] | Phase 1 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-06-30 | Withdrawn (stopped due to patients do not want to participate) | ||
| A Multi-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study of the Efficacy and Safety of WelChol® in Type 2 Diabetics With Inadequate Glycemic Control on Metformin Monotherapy or Metformin Therapy in Combination With Other Oral Ant[NCT00147719] | Phase 3 | 300 participants | Interventional | 2004-06-30 | Completed | ||
| Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring With Ambulatory Glucose Profile Analysis to Demonstrate the Glycemic Effect of Colesevelam HCl (Welchol) in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00993824] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 21 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-09-30 | Completed | ||
| The Effects of Co-administration of Colesevelam and Sitagliptin on Glucose Metabolism in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT01092663] | 61 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-03-31 | Completed | |||
| Efficacy of Colesevelam in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT00938405] | 45 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-07-31 | Completed | |||
| Interest of GLP1 Analogues (aGLP1) in Overweight Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)[NCT05196958] | 20 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-01-25 | Recruiting | |||
| Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital[NCT02930265] | 400 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2016-09-30 | Enrolling by invitation | |||
| Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes (LEAD-2): Effect on Glycaemic Control After Once Daily Administration of Liraglutide in Combination With Metformin Versus Metformin Monotherapy Versus Metformin and Glimepiride Combination Therapy in Subjects With[NCT00318461] | Phase 3 | 1,091 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy and Tolerance of Liraglutide for Weight Loss in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Hemodialysis Patients[NCT04529278] | Phase 2 | 18 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-01-18 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| A Phase III, Randomized, Parallel, Double-blind, and Non-inferiority Clinical Trial to Compare Efficacy and Safety of CinnaGen-liraglutide to Innovator Liraglutide Product (Victoza®) in Patients With Type II Diabetes (T2D)[NCT03421119] | Phase 3 | 300 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-06-20 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| Safety and Efficacy of Exenatide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Using Metformin or Sulfonylureas and Metformin[NCT00324363] | Phase 3 | 466 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Prevalence of NAFLD and Correlation With Its Main Risk Factors Among Egyptian Multicenter National Study[NCT04081571] | 1,080 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2019-04-01 | Recruiting | |||
| Does Glycated Hemoglobin Variability in Type 2 Diabetes Differ Depending on the Diabetes Treatment Threshold Used in the Qatari Population: Implication on Diabetes Complication Risk?[NCT02879409] | 150 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2016-11-30 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| Allopurinol in the Treatment of Patients With Diabetes Mellitus and Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease Treated by Either PCI or CABG: Pilot Study[NCT03700645] | Phase 4 | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2018-12-01 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel Group, Phase 2 Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of BMS-512148 as Monotherapy in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Are Treatment Naive And Have Inadequate Glycemic Cont[NCT00263276] | Phase 2 | 389 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-12-31 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of SYR110322 (SYR-322) When Used in Combination With Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00286442] | Phase 3 | 527 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-03-31 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy and Safety of Twice-Daily Insulin Lispro Low Mixture Compared to a Once-Daily Long Acting Insulin Comparator in Patients New to Insulin Therapy Who Were Inadequately Controlled on Oral Agents[NCT00036504] | Phase 4 | 100 participants | Interventional | 2001-08-31 | Completed | ||
| Long-Term Effects of Insulin Plus Metformin Regimens on the Overall and Postprandial Glycemic Control of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Comparison of Premeal Insulin Lispro Mixtures to Once-Daily Insulin Glargine[NCT00191464] | Phase 4 | 320 participants | Interventional | 2003-12-31 | Completed | ||
| SimCare: Physician Intervention to Improve Diabetes Care[NCT00262704] | 2,020 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2001-12-31 | Completed | |||
| A Phase 3, Randomized, Open Label, Comparator-Controlled, Parallel Group, Multicenter Study to Compare the Effects of Exenatide and Insulin Glargine on Beta Cell Function and Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Metfor[NCT00097500] | Phase 3 | 69 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Patients With Heart Failure ANd Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Placebo Or Metformin (PHANTOM) Pilot Study[NCT00325910] | Phase 3 | 100 participants | Interventional | 2006-05-31 | Terminated (stopped due to Insufficient study participants) | ||
| Comparison of the Effect on Glycemic Control of Biphasic Insulin Aspart 70/30 Versus Insulin Glargine in Combination With Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00097877] | Phase 3 | 293 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Effects of NovoLog® Mix 70/30 (Biphasic Insulin Aspart 70/30) BID and QD vs. Byetta™ Exenatide) BID on Glycemic Control: A Multicenter, 24-Week, Open-Label, Parallel Group Study in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Not Achieving Glycemic Targets With[NCT00313001] | Phase 3 | 373 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-04-30 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy and Safety of Vildagliptin Compared to Gliclazide in Drug Naive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00102388] | Phase 3 | 1,092 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-01-31 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Double-blind, Randomized, Parallel-Group Study to Compare the Effect of 24 Weeks Treatment With Vildagliptin 100 MG QD to Placebo as Add-on Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled With Metformin Monotherapy[NCT00351884] | Phase 3 | 370 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-05-31 | Completed | ||
| A Portion-controlled Diet Will Prevent Weight Gain in Diabetics Treated With ACTOS[NCT00219440] | Phase 4 | 60 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2003-02-28 | Completed | ||
| Effect on Glycemic Control of Liraglutide in Combination With Rosiglitazone Plus Metformin Versus Rosiglitazone Plus Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00333151] | Phase 3 | 576 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Modulation of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity in Bangladeshi Type 2 Diabetic Subjects by an Insulin Sensitizer Pioglitazone and T2DM Association With PPARG Gene Polymorphism.[NCT01589445] | Phase 4 | 77 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-11-30 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Open-label Sub-study to LMF237A2302 to Assess the Effect of 24 Weeks Treatment With Initial Combination of Vildagliptin 100mg qd Plus Metformin 1000mg Bid in Drug Naive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes With Very Poor Glycemic Control[NCT00468039] | Phase 3 | 94 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-03-06 | Completed | ||
| Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation in Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00006305] | Phase 3 | 2,368 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2000-09-30 | Completed | ||
| 24 Week Open Label, Single Arm Study of Colesevelam in High Risk South Asians With Suboptimal LDL-c Levels Despite Maximally Tolerated Statin Therapy[NCT02504736] | 90 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2015-06-30 | Completed | |||
| Magnetic Resonance Assessment of Victoza Efficacy in the Regression of Cardiovascular Dysfunction In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT01761318] | Phase 4 | 50 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-11-30 | Completed | ||
| "Effectivity and Safety of Autologous BM-MNC Stem Cell Therapy and Allogenic Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients"[NCT04501341] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 15 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2016-03-14 | Recruiting | ||
| A Double Blind, Placebo-controlled, Dose-ranging Study to Investigate the Effect on Glycemic Control, Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of GLP-1 in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With a Stable Dose of Metformin.[NCT00423501] | Phase 2 | 306 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-02-28 | Completed | ||
| Multicentre Double Blind Placebo Controlled Parallel Group Dose Ranging Study of ATL-962 to Assess Weight Loss, Safety and Tolerability in Obese Patients With Type II Diabetes Being Treated With Metformin, in Comparison With Orlistat[NCT00156897] | Phase 2 | 600 participants | Interventional | 2004-12-31 | Completed | ||
| Repaglinide and Metformin Combination Tablet (NN4440) in a TID Regimen Compared to a BID Regimen and BID Avandamet in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes: A Twenty-Six Week, Open-Label, Multicenter, Randomized, Parallel Group Trial to Investigate Efficacy and S[NCT00399711] | Phase 3 | 560 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-11-30 | Completed | ||
| Comparison of the Effect on Glycemic Control of Biphasic Insulin Aspart 70/30, Biphasic Insulin Aspart 50/50, and Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30/70 All in Combination With Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (the INTENSIMIX Trial).[NCT00184574] | Phase 3 | 603 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-04-30 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Modifying Anti-platelet Treatment to Ticagrelor in Patients With Diabetes and Low Response to Clopidogrel[NCT01643031] | Phase 4 | 500 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2012-08-31 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| Adaptive Study to Demonstrate Efficacy and Safety of Metformin Glycinate for the Treatment of Hospitalized Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Secondary to SARS-CoV-2. Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase IIIb[NCT04625985] | Phase 2 | 20 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-07-14 | Completed | ||
| Metformin and Neo-adjuvant Temozolomide and Hypofractionated Accelerated Limited-margin Radiotherapy Followed by Adjuvant Temozolomide in Patients With Glioblastoma Multiforme (M-HARTT STUDY)[NCT02780024] | Phase 2 | 50 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2015-03-31 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| Preservation of Beta-cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT00232583] | 58 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-11-30 | Completed | |||
| A Multi-center, Randomized, Open-label, Active Controlled, Parallel Arm Study to Compare the Efficacy of 12 Weeks of Treatment With Vildagliptin 100 mg, qd to Thiazolidinedione (TZD) as add-on Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controll[NCT00396227] | Phase 3 | 2,665 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-10-31 | Completed | ||
| Evolution of Abdominal Adipose Tissue Distribution in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Treated During 6 Months With Pioglitazone or Insulin, in Association With Metformin or Sulfonylurea.[NCT00159211] | 28 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-05-31 | Terminated (stopped due to inclusion was finished) | |||
| A Phase 3, Open-Label, Parallel Group Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Human Insulin Inhalation Powder (HIIP) Compared to Preprandial Injectable Insulin in Insulin-Naive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.[NCT00325364] | Phase 3 | 415 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-04-30 | Completed | ||
| A Phase 3b, Double-Blind, Randomized Study to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of Pioglitazone HCl and Metformin HCl Fixed-Dose Combination Therapy Compared to Pioglitazone HCl Monotherapy and to Metformin HCl Monotherapy in the Treatment of Subjects Wit[NCT00727857] | Phase 3 | 600 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-06-30 | Completed | ||
| A 36-month, Multi-centre, Open-label, Randomised, Parallel-group Trial Comparing the Safety, Efficacy and Durability of Adding a Basal Insulin Versus a Twice Daily Insulin Mixture Versus a Meal-time Rapid-Acting Insulin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes In[NCT00184600] | Phase 3 | 708 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-11-30 | Completed | ||
| Comprehensive Treatment of Angina in Women With Microvascular Dysfunction - a Proof of Concept Study of the iPower Cohort[NCT02910154] | 62 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-12-31 | Completed | |||
| The Impact of Consumption of Eggs in the Context of Plant-Based Diets on[NCT04316429] | 35 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-06-09 | Completed | |||
| WellStart Type 2 Diabetes Study[NCT03731533] | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-12-01 | Withdrawn (stopped due to Grantor withdrew from study) | |||
| Metabolic Syndrome and Severe Obesity: Randomized Nutritional Trial to Study Long Term Effect of Very-low-calories Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD) on Weight Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors[NCT05781269] | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-02-20 | Recruiting | |||
| Benefits of Adding Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Glycemic Load, Exercise, and Monitoring of Blood Glucose (GEM) for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes - Phase 2[NCT03207893] | 24 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-07-19 | Completed | |||
| Treating Type 2 Diabetes by Reducing Postprandial Glucose Elevations: A Paradigm Shift in Lifestyle Modification[NCT03196895] | 192 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-06-28 | Completed | |||
| Personalizing Sleep Interventions to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes in Community Dwelling Adults With Pre-Diabetes[NCT03398902] | 150 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-09-01 | Recruiting | |||
| Assessment of Designer Functional Foods on Parameters of Metabolic and Vascular Status in Individuals With Prediabetes.[NCT02400450] | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-09-30 | Withdrawn | |||
| PROspective PioglitAzone Clinical Trial In MacroVascular Events: A Macrovascular Outcome Study in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Comparing Pioglitazone With Placebo in Addition to Existing Therapy[NCT00174993] | Phase 3 | 4,373 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2001-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Repaglinide Versus Metformin Treatment in Combination With Insulin Biasp30 (Novologmix 70/30) Predinner on Glycemic and Non-Glycemic Cardiovascular Risk-Factors in Non-Obese Patients With Type-2-Diabetes With Unsatisfactory Glycaemic Control Wit[NCT00118963] | Phase 4 | 102 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibition and Narrow-band Ultraviolet-B Light in Psoriasis (DINUP): A Randomised Clinical Trial[NCT02347501] | Phase 2 | 118 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-11-30 | Completed | ||
| Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibition in Psoriasis Patients With Diabetes (DIP): A Randomized Clinical Trial.[NCT01991197] | Phase 2 | 20 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-04-30 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Sitagliptin Compared With Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Inadequate Glycemic Control[NCT00449930] | Phase 3 | 1,050 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-03-01 | Completed | ||
| A Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial to Study the Safety and Efficacy of the Addition of Sitagliptin (MK0431) to Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control on Insulin Therapy (Alone or In Combi[NCT00395343] | Phase 3 | 641 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-12-11 | Completed | ||
| Addition of Liraglutide to Overweight Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Multiple Daily Insulin Injections (MDI) With Inadequate Glycaemic Control[NCT02113332] | Phase 2 | 124 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-01-31 | Completed | ||
| An Evaluation of the Metabolic Effects of Exenatide, Rosiglitazone, and Exenatide Plus Rosiglitazone in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With Metformin[NCT00135330] | Phase 3 | 137 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-10-31 | Completed | ||
| The Impact of Glucose Lowering Therapies Including Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor on Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) and Its Mobilising Factor Stromal Derived Factor-1α (SDF-1α) in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT02694575] | 241 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2015-03-01 | Completed | |||
| Intraindividual Variation of Serum Metformin in a Cohort of Patients With Type 2 DM and Moderately Reduced Renal Function[NCT00767351] | 30 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2008-10-31 | Completed | |||
| Acute Effect of a GLP-1-Analogue (Exenatide) and of a DPP-4-Inhibitor (Sitagliptin) in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Insulin Glargine Once Daily[NCT00971659] | Phase 1 | 48 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Effects of 4-week Sitagliptin Therapy on Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. A Non-randomized Controlled Open-label Pilot Trial.[NCT00968006] | Phase 4 | 40 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-10-31 | Completed | ||
| The Effects of Saxagliptin 5mg, Once Daily for 52 Weeks on 24 Hour Urine Albumin Creatinine Rate(ACR) , in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Have Inadequate Glycaemic Control on Metformin or/and Acarbose[NCT02462369] | Phase 4 | 88 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2015-06-30 | Enrolling by invitation | ||
| DPP-4 Inhibitors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Acute Myocardial Infarction:Effects on Platelet Function[NCT02377388] | Phase 3 | 74 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-02-07 | Completed | ||
| Randomized Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of INCB013739 Plus Metformin Compared to Metformin Alone on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects[NCT00698230] | Phase 2 | 302 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Effects of the PPAR-gamma Agonist Pioglitazone on Renal and Hormonal Responses to Salt in Diabetic and Hypertensive Subjects[NCT01090752] | Phase 4 | 16 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-10-31 | Completed | ||
| Impact of Insulin (I.)Glargine Compared to NPH I. and to I. Detemir in Combination With Metformin on Prandial ß-cell Function and Overall Metabolic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Insufficient Metabolic Control During OAD Treatment[NCT00941148] | Phase 4 | 30 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-04-30 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of the Addition of MK0431 Compared With Sulfonylurea Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes With Inadequate Glycemic Control on Metformin Monotherapy[NCT00094770] | Phase 3 | 1,172 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Cross-sectional Study of the Association of Muscle Strength, Tinetti Test (POMA) Scores and Other Predictor Variables With Serum Vitamin Levels (Vitamin B12, Vitamin D and Folate) in Elderly Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT03376490] | 56 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2012-01-01 | Completed | |||
| A Meta Analysis of Malignancy Serious Adverse Events in the ADOPT, 49653/048, and RECORD, 49653/231, Studies, Comparing Metformin With Rosiglitazone.[NCT01195259] | 1 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2009-10-31 | Completed | |||
| A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Titration Study to Investigate the Tolerability, Safety and Pharmacodynamic Profile of a GLP-1 Analogue in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With a Stable Dose of Metformin.[NCT00460941] | Phase 2 | 133 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-04-30 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Multicenter Study to Compare the Glycemic Effects, Safety, and Tolerability of Exenatide Long-Acting Release(Once Weekly) to Those of Sitagliptin and a Thiazolidinedione in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT00637273] | Phase 3 | 514 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Exenatide Once Weekly on Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Patients With Type-2 Diabetes[NCT02380521] | Phase 4 | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-01-31 | Completed | ||
| An Open Label, Single Site, 48 Week, Randomised Controlled Trial Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Exenatide Once-weekly in the Treatment of Patients With Multiple System Atrophy[NCT04431713] | Phase 2 | 50 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-09-16 | Recruiting | ||
| Evaluation of mHealth Intervention to Improve Medication Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes in Nigeria: a Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT05291026] | 120 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-12-15 | Completed | |||
| A 13-week Multinational, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Response Trial Assessing the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of AVE0010 in Metformin-Treated Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT00299871] | Phase 2 | 542 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-02-28 | Completed | ||
| Short and Long Term Effects of a Dypeptidil-peptidase-4 Versus Bedtime NPH Insulin as add-on Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT02607410] | Phase 4 | 40 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Safety and Efficacy of Exenatide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Using a Thiazolidinedione or a Thiazolidinedione and Metformin[NCT00603239] | Phase 3 | 165 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Metformin Glycinate on Postprandial Lipemia, Glycemic Control and Oxidation Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Patients[NCT02064881] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 72 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2015-10-31 | Recruiting | ||
| Effect of Liraglutide or Glimepiride Added to Metformin on Glycaemic Control in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00614120] | Phase 3 | 929 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-01-31 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized Trial Comparing Exenatide With Placebo in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes on Insulin Glargine With or Without Oral Antihyperglycemic Medications[NCT00765817] | Phase 3 | 261 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-10-31 | Completed | ||
| The Possible Protective Effect of Pentoxifylline Against Chemotherapy Induced Toxicities in Patients With Colorectal Cancer[NCT05590117] | Early Phase 1 | 48 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-10-11 | Enrolling by invitation | ||
| Response of Individuals With Ataxia-Telangiectasia to Metformin and Pioglitazone[NCT02733679] | Phase 4 | 27 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-09-29 | Completed | ||
| A Phase III, Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of the Addition of Sitagliptin Compared With the Addition of Glimepiride in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Inadequate Glycemic Control on Metformin[NCT00701090] | Phase 3 | 1,035 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Detemir and Sitagliptin on Blood Glucose Control in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT00789191] | Phase 3 | 222 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-11-30 | Completed | ||
| A Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Effect of Nilotinib on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Metformin in Healthy Male Adults[NCT04448821] | Phase 1 | 16 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-07-23 | Completed | ||
| Pharmacokinetics, Safety and Immunogenicity of 14028 Injection Versus Dulaglutide Injection in Healthy Subjects: a Phase I ，Single-center, Randomized, Open-label, Single-dose, Parallel-controlled Clinical Study[NCT05459285] | Phase 1 | 68 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2022-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Exenatide Plus Metformin vs. Premixed Human Insulin Aspart Plus Metformin on Glycemic Control and Hypoglycemia in Patients With Inadequate Control of Type 2 Diabetes on Oral Antidiabetic Treatment[NCT00434954] | Phase 3 | 494 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-02-28 | Completed | ||
| [NCT01542242] | Phase 4 | 1 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-02-29 | Terminated (stopped due to Subject withdrew) | ||
| A Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-Comparator Controlled, Clinical Trial to Study the Efficacy and Safety of MK0431A for the Treatment of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)[NCT00482729] | Phase 3 | 1,246 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-06-19 | Completed | ||
| Effects of a Pioglitazone/Metformin Fixed Combination in Comparison to Metformin in Combination With Glimepiride on Diabetic Dyslipidemia[NCT00770653] | Phase 3 | 305 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-04-30 | Completed | ||
| Real-world Evaluation of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1RA) on Efficacy and Persistence, Adherence and Therapeutic Inertia Among Type 2 Diabetes Adults With Obesity in the Department of Health of Valencia Clínico-Malvarrosa[NCT05535322] | 26,944 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2014-01-01 | Completed | |||
| ADVANCE - Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron - MR Controlled Evaluation[NCT00145925] | Phase 3 | 11,140 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2001-06-30 | Completed | ||
| Exenatide BID Compared With Insulin Glargine to Change Liver Fat Content in Non-alcoholic Fatty-liver Disease Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT02303730] | Phase 4 | 76 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-03-31 | Completed | ||
| Phase II Randomized Study of Neoadjuvant Metformin Plus Letrozole vs Placebo Plus Letrozole for ER-positive Postmenopausal Breast Cancer[NCT01589367] | Phase 2 | 208 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-05-31 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Parallel Group, Double-blind, Multi-center Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of AVANDAMET and Metformin After 80 Weeks of Treatment.[NCT00386100] | Phase 4 | 688 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-10-31 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Study to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of the Addition of SYR-322 25 mg Versus Dose Titration From 30 mg to 45 mg of Pioglitazone HCl (ACTOS®) in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Have Inadequate Contro[NCT00432276] | Phase 3 | 803 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-01-31 | Completed | ||
| PRIMARY PREVENTION OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA BY METFORMIN IN PATIENTS WITH VIRAL C CIRRHOSIS : PROSPECTIVE MULTICENTER STUDY, RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIAL. Ancillary Study of the ANRS CO12 CirVir Cohort[NCT02319200] | Phase 3 | 11 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-06-30 | Terminated (stopped due to Decision of investigator) | ||
| A 12 Week, Parallel, Open-label, Randomized, Multi-center Study Evaluating Use, Safety and Effectiveness of a Web Based Tool vs. Enhanced Usual Therapy of Glargine Titration in T2DM Patients With a 4 Week Safety Extension[NCT02540486] | 139 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-12-31 | Completed | |||
| A 16-week, Open-label, Multicentre, Randomised, Parallel Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Repaglinide and Metformin Combination Therapy Compared to Repaglinide Monotherapy in Chinese OAD Naive Type 2 Diabetic Patients[NCT00819741] | Phase 4 | 433 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-02-28 | Completed | ||
| A Pragmatic and Scalable Strategy Using Mobile Technology to Promote Sustained Lifestyle Changes to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes in India and the UK[NCT01570946] | 1,171 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-05-31 | Completed | |||
| A Phase III Randomized, Active-Comparator (Pioglitazone) Controlled Clinical Trial to Study the Efficacy and Safety of Sitagliptin and MK0431A (A Fixed-Dose Combination Tablet of Sitagliptin and Metformin) in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT00541450] | Phase 3 | 492 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-01-15 | Completed | ||
| A 24-Week International, Multi-centre, Randomized, Parallel-group, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase III Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Saxagliptin in Combination With Metformin in Adult Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Who Have Inadequat[NCT00661362] | Phase 3 | 570 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-06-30 | Completed | ||
| Comparison of Glycaemic Fluctuation and Oxidative Stress Between Two Short-term Therapies for Type 2 Diabetes[NCT02526810] | Phase 4 | 70 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2015-07-31 | Recruiting | ||
| Effect of Exenatide Treatment on Hepatic Fat Content and Plasma Adipocytokine Levels in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT01432405] | Phase 4 | 24 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-06-30 | Completed | ||
| Optimisation of Insulin Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Telecare Assistance for Self Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG).[NCT00272064] | Phase 3 | 352 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-10-31 | Completed | ||
| Protocol Driven Management of Type 2 Diabetes After Gastric Bypass Surgery[NCT01213563] | 50 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-01-31 | Terminated (stopped due to Data were published that superseded this study.) | |||
| A Phase III Randomized, Active-Comparator (Pioglitazone) Controlled Clinical Trial to Study the Efficacy and Safety of the MK0431A (A Fixed-Dose Combination Tablet of Sitagliptin and Metformin) in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT00532935] | Phase 3 | 517 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-01-26 | Completed | ||
| Phase 4 Study Evaluation of the Effects of Acarbose Versus Glibenclamide on Mean Amplitude of Glycemic Excursions and Oxidative Stress in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Insufficiently Controlled by Metformin[NCT00417729] | Phase 4 | 51 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-01-31 | Completed | ||
| 18-Week, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind 3b Trial to Evaluate Efficacy/Safety of Saxagliptin in Combo With Metformin XR 1500mg vs Metformin Uptitrated to 2000mg in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control After Diet/Exercis[NCT00960076] | Phase 3 | 282 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-08-31 | Completed | ||
| Safety and Efficacy of Exenatide Once Weekly Injection Versus Metformin, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor, or Thiazolidinedione as Monotherapy in Drug-Naive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00676338] | Phase 3 | 820 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-11-30 | Completed | ||
| Effects of Dapagliflozin on Hyperlipidemia, Glycemic Control and Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetic Patients (DAPHNIS Study)[NCT02577159] | Phase 4 | 50 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2015-07-01 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| ORAL ANTIDIABETICS EFFECT ON VISCERAL FAT MEASURED BY BIOIMPEDANCE IN TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTS. Pilot Study.[NCT05032001] | 30 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-08-01 | Enrolling by invitation | |||
| Impact of Liraglutide on Endothelial Function and Microvascular Blood Flow in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT01208012] | Phase 4 | 44 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-04-30 | Completed | ||
| The Effect of a Checklist on the Quality of Education During Insulin Initiation by Trained Medical Students: a Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT02313805] | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2014-07-31 | Recruiting | |||
| A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Parallel-Group Study to Compare the Effect of 24 Weeks Treatment With Vildagliptin 50 mg Bid to Placebo as Add-On Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled With Metformin Monotherapy[NCT00822211] | Phase 3 | 404 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-12-31 | Completed | ||
| A Comparison of Adding Exenatide With Switching to Exenatide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Experiencing Inadequate Glycemic Control With Sitagliptin Plus Metformin[NCT00870194] | Phase 4 | 255 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-03-31 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Active Controlled, Parallel Group, Phase 3 Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Dapagliflozin in Combination With Metformin as Initial Therapy as Compared With Dapagliflozin Monotherapy and Metformin Monoth[NCT00643851] | Phase 3 | 994 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-06-30 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of the Combination of SYR-322 (SYR110322) and Pioglitazone HCl (ACTOS®), in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00328627] | Phase 3 | 1,554 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-05-31 | Completed | ||
| The Effect of Real Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Subjects With Pre-diabetes[NCT01741467] | 110 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-05-31 | Completed | |||
| A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Dummy, Parallel Group, Multicenter, Dose-Ranging Study in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Orally Administered SGLT2 Inhibitor JNJ-28431754 [NCT00642278] | Phase 2 | 451 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-04-30 | Completed | ||
| Glycemic Response of Bean-and-rice Meals in Persons With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT01241253] | Phase 2 | 17 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-11-30 | Completed | ||
| Glucose Homeostasis, Incretin Effect and Cardiovascular Risk Burden in T2DM in the Youth- a Study of the Malaysian Population[NCT02845557] | 48 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2013-02-28 | Completed | |||
| Sleep and Stigma: Novel Moderators in the Relationship Between Weight Status and Cognitive Function[NCT04346433] | 61 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-09-01 | Completed | |||
| The Effect of Insulin Detemir in Combination With Liraglutide and Metformin Compared to Liraglutide and Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes. A 26 Week, Randomised, Open-label, Parallel-group, Multicentre, Multinational Trial With a 26 Week Extensio[NCT00856986] | Phase 3 | 987 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-03-31 | Completed | ||
| An Open-Label Study to Examine the Long-Term Effect on Glucose Control (HbA1c) and Safety of AC2993 Given Two Times a Day to Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Metformin, a Sulfonylurea, or Metformin and Sulfonylurea Combination[NCT00044668] | Phase 3 | 155 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2002-08-31 | Completed | ||
| A 16 Week Randomised, Open Labelled, 3-armed, Parallel Group, Treat-to-target Trial Comparing Twice Daily (BID) Injections of SIAC 30 (B), SIAC 45 (B) and NovoMix®30, All in Combination With Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Failing on OAD Treatm[NCT00613951] | Phase 2 | 182 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-01-31 | Completed | ||
| A Phase III, Multicenter, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of the Addition of Sitagliptin 100 mg Once Daily in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes With Inadequate Glycemic Control on Metformin Monotherapy[NCT00813995] | Phase 3 | 395 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-12-09 | Completed | ||
| Superiority Study of Insulin Glargine Over Sitagliptin in Insulin-naïve Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Metformin and Not Adequately Controlled[NCT00751114] | Phase 4 | 515 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-11-30 | Completed | ||
| Combined Nutritional and Exercise Strategies to Reduce Liver Fat Content in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT01025856] | 45 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-09-30 | Completed | |||
| A Phase III Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial to Study the Safety and Efficacy of the Addition of Sitagliptin (MK0431) in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control on Combination Therapy With Metformin and a P[NCT00350779] | Phase 3 | 262 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-06-12 | Completed | ||
| A Randomised Double-blind, Active-controlled Parallel Group Efficacy and Safety Study of BI 1356 ( 5.0 mg, Administered Orally Once Daily) Compared to Glimepiride Over Two Years in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Insufficient Glycaemic Control Despite Metfo[NCT00622284] | Phase 3 | 1,560 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-02-29 | Completed | ||
| Prospective, Randomized, Open-label Study With Blinded Endpoint (PROBE Design) to Compare the 72 hr Glycemic Profiles Obtained by Continuous Subcutaneous Glucose Monitoring (CSGM) in Type 2 Diabetic Patients at Baseline With Metformin Monotherapy and Afte[NCT01193296] | Phase 4 | 36 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-06-30 | Completed | ||
| Comparison of the Effects of Rosiglitazone and Glimepiride, Both Given in Combination With Metformin, on 24-Hour Glycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Not Controlled With Metformin Alone. A 3-Month Multicentre, Randomized, Parallel-Group, Open-Label Study.[NCT00318656] | Phase 4 | 23 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-11-30 | Completed | ||
| A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Parallel Design Study, in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, to Investigate the Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Interactions of Multiple Oral Doses of ASP1941 and Metformin[NCT01302145] | Phase 1 | 36 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-02-25 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-label, Active-controlled Study to Compare the Safety, Tolerability and Effect on Glycemic Control of Taspoglutide Versus Insulin Glargine in Insulin-naïve Type 2 Diabetic Patients Inadequately Controlled With Metformin and [NCT00755287] | Phase 3 | 1,072 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-11-30 | Completed | ||
| A Randomised, db, Placebo-controlled, Parallel Group Efficacy and Safety Study of BI 1356 (5mg), Administered Orally Once Daily for 18 Weeks Followed by a 34 Week Double-blind Extension Period (Placebo Patients Switched to Glimepiride) in Type 2 Diabetic [NCT00740051] | Phase 3 | 227 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-08-31 | Completed | ||
| Effect of DMMET-01 on Insulin Sensitivity in Naive Type 2 Diabetes Patients by Glucose CLAMP Technique[NCT00940797] | Phase 2 | 20 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-07-31 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized, Open-label, Parallel Group Study to Investigate the Clinical Benefit on Hypoglycemia Frequency of 24 Weeks Treatment With Galvus Versus Usual Care (Any OAD of Another Class Added to Metformin Within SmPc) in Older P[NCT01238978] | Phase 4 | 46 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-10-31 | Completed | ||
| A 24-Week, Randomised, Double-Blind, Active-Controlled, Multi-Centre Phase IIIb/IV Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Tolerability of Saxagliptin Add-On Compared to Uptitration of Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Inadequate Glycaem[NCT01006590] | Phase 4 | 286 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-10-31 | Completed | ||
| Safety of Exenatide Once Weekly in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With Thiazolidinedione Alone or Thiazolidinedione in Combination With Metformin[NCT00753896] | Phase 3 | 134 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-10-31 | Completed | ||
| Pilot Study of Metformin vs. Insulin in Pregnant Overt Diabetics (MIPOD)[NCT00835861] | Phase 2 | 31 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-08-31 | Completed | ||
| Short-term Effects of Dapagliflozin on Fasting and Postprandial Glucose Homeostasis in Male Type 1 Diabetes Patients.[NCT02211742] | Phase 4 | 12 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-08-31 | Completed | ||
| Phase 4 Study on the Prognosis and Effect of Anti-diabetic Drugs on Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus With Coronary Artery Disease[NCT00513630] | Phase 4 | 304 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-06-30 | Completed | ||
| A Retrospective Epidemiological Study to Investigate Outcome and Mortality With Glucose Lowering Drug Treatment in Primary Care[NCT01121315] | 58,326 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2010-05-31 | Completed | |||
| An Open-label, Randomized Two-arm Parallel Group Study to Compare the Effects of 4-week QD Treatment With Lixisenatide or Liraglutide on the Postprandial Plasma Glucose in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Not Adequately Controlled With Metformin[NCT01175473] | Phase 2 | 148 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-08-31 | Completed | ||
| Gastric Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of an Extended Release Metformin and an Immediate Release Metformin[NCT00941239] | Phase 1 | 24 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Double-blind, Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate Effect of Combination Therapy of Metformin and Sibutramine Versus Metformin or Sibutramine Monotherapy Over Weight, Adiposity, Glucose Metabolism and Inflammatory State in Obese Patients[NCT00941382] | Phase 3 | 60 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2008-11-30 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| Endobronchial Valve for Emphysema PalliatioN Trial (VENT) Cost-effectiveness Sub-Study[NCT00137956] | Phase 3 | 270 participants | Interventional | 2004-12-31 | Terminated | ||
| Using Pharmacogenetics to Improve Treatment in Early-onset Diabetes[NCT01238380] | 1,916 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2010-12-31 | Completed | |||
| The Influence of Rosiglitazone on the Diuretic Effect of Furosemide and Amiloride. A Double-blind Placebo Controlled Cross Over Study.[NCT00285805] | 13 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-02-28 | Completed | |||
| Efficacy and Safety of Furocyst in Patients With Poly Cystic Ovary Syndrome[NCT02789488] | Phase 4 | 50 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-09-30 | Completed | ||
| New Approach to Treat Type II Diabetes Failing on Maximal Oral Treatment[NCT00151697] | Phase 3 | 150 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2005-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Diabetes Type 2 in the Eastern Region of Morocco , Towards an Evidence-based Multidisciplinary Lifestyle Approach in Diabetes Type 2[NCT04281069] | 821 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2019-03-01 | Completed | |||
| Effects of Pioglitazone on Reverse Cholesterol Transport and HDL Function in Persons With Diabetes[NCT01156597] | Phase 3 | 30 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-04-30 | Completed | ||
| Randomized Clinical Trial, Effect of Metformin and Rosiglitazone Over Glucose Homeoastasis in no Diabetic With Metabolic Syndrome Patients.[NCT04148183] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 30 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-01-01 | Completed | ||
| Metformin Continuation Safety in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography[NCT04766008] | Phase 4 | 150 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-01-15 | Recruiting | ||
| Group Medical Visits (GMVs) in Primary Care: An RCT of Group-Based Versus Individual Appointments to Reduce HbA1c in Older People[NCT02002143] | 128 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2014-01-31 | Recruiting | |||
| Randomized, Long-Term Study About the Effects of Analogue Versus Human Insulin Based Regimens (Insulin Detemir and Aspart Versus NPH- and Regular Human Insulin) on Metabolic Control and Myocardial Function in People With Type 2 Diabetes.[NCT00747409] | Phase 4 | 120 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2004-07-31 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| Improvement of Myocardial Function and Metabolic Syndrome in Type 2 Diabetes Patients by a Low Glycemic and Insulinemic Diet (LOGI®) Compared to the Traditional Low Fat Diet - a Prospective Parallel Group/Cross Over Study[NCT01004757] | 41 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2008-02-29 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| Phase 4 Study of Comparison of Combination Therapy of Gliclazide MR and Basal Insulin With Pre-mix Insulin Monotherapy for the Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT00736515] | Phase 4 | 160 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-10-31 | Completed | ||
| Biphasic Insulin Aspart 70/30 + Metformin Compared to Insulin Glargine + Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes Failing OAD Therapy[NCT00598793] | Phase 3 | 242 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2002-11-30 | Completed | ||
| Virtual Translation of Diabetes Prevention to Primary Care: A Pilot Study[NCT00729079] | 36 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-12-31 | Completed | |||
| Helping the Poor Quit Smoking: Specialized Quitlines and Meeting Basic Needs[NCT03194958] | 1,944 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-06-05 | Completed | |||
| Effect of the CAIPaDi Care Model in Relatives of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT03234946] | 97 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2017-06-19 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| Descriptive, Transversal Study of Evaluation of Cardiovascular Risks Factors and Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in the Different Phenotypes of Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome[NCT00784615] | 80 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2007-12-31 | Recruiting | |||
| Clinical Metabolic and Endocrine Parameters in Response to Metformin and Lifestyle Intervention in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Phase 4 Randomized, Double- Blind and Placebo Control Trial[NCT00679679] | Phase 4 | 30 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Anxiety and Sexual Malfunction in Infertile Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Patients[NCT05056272] | 128 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2022-01-01 | Recruiting | |||
| The Impact of Continuous Aerobic Exercise and High-Intensity Interval Training on Reproductive Outcomes in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.[NCT03362918] | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-01-01 | Completed | |||
| Adipose Tissue Angiogenesis in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)[NCT01745471] | 36 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2012-12-06 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| The Effects of Contraceptive Pill and Hormonal Vaginal Ring on Hormonal, Inflammatory and Metabolic Parameters in Women of Reproductive Age With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).[NCT01588873] | Phase 4 | 42 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2012-04-30 | Recruiting | ||
| Assessing Progression to Type-2 Diabetes (APT-2D): A Prospective Cohort Study Expanded From BRITE-SPOT (Bio-bank and Registry for StratIfication and Targeted intErventions in the Spectrum Of Type 2 Diabetes)[NCT02838693] | 2,300 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2016-03-31 | Recruiting | |||
| A Phase 3, Randomized, Triple-Blind, Parallel-Group, Long-Term, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Study to Examine the Effect on Glucose Control (HbA1c) of AC2993 Given Twice Daily in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With Metformin and a Sulfo[NCT00035984] | Phase 3 | 734 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2002-05-31 | Completed | ||
| A Phase 3, Randomized, Triple-Blind, Parallel-Group, Long-Term, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Study to Examine the Effect on Glucose Control (HbA1c) of AC2993 Given Two Times a Day in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With Metformin Alone[NCT00039013] | Phase 3 | 336 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2002-03-31 | Completed | ||
| Observational Study of Interstitial Glucose Monitoring With Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Track Patients Treated With Exenatide[NCT00569907] | 18 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2007-01-31 | Completed | |||
| Phase IV Study of Ramelteon as an Adjunct Therapy in Non-Diabetic Patients With Schizophrenia[NCT00595504] | Phase 4 | 25 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Phase 4 Study of the Effects of Pravastatin on Cholesterol Levels, Inflammation and Cognition in Schizophrenia[NCT01082588] | Phase 4 | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-06-30 | Completed | ||
| A Community-based Lifestyle Intervention to Reduce the Risk of Diabetes in Qingdao, China----Qingdao Diabetes Prevention Project (2005-2012)[NCT01053195] | 276,793 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-12-31 | Completed | |||
| Exercise, Prediabetes and Diabetes After Renal Transplantation.[NCT04489043] | 60 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-09-05 | Recruiting | |||
| Effects of a Community-based Weight Loss Programme Targetting Chinese Overweight Adults With Pre-diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT03609697] | 180 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2018-08-10 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| Defective Atypical PKC Activation in Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome[NCT00690755] | 157 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2000-05-31 | Completed | |||
| Basal Insulin Therapy in Patients With Insulin Resistance: A 6 Month Comparison of Insulin Glargine and NPH Insulin[NCT01854723] | Phase 4 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-04-30 | Withdrawn | ||
| Comparison of Carbohydrate Metabolism During the Night and at Hypoglycemia in Type-2 Diabetic Patients Either on Glargine or NPH Insulin[NCT00468364] | 12 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2003-07-31 | Completed | |||
| Bedtime Insulin Glargine or Bedtime Neutral Protamine Lispro Combined With Sulfonylurea and Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes. A Randomized, Controlled Trial[NCT00641407] | Phase 4 | 100 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-01-31 | Completed | ||
| The Benefits of Vitamin B Combination as Add on Therapy in the Management of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy Patient: Randomized Clinical Trial[NCT04689971] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 60 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-11-03 | Recruiting | ||
| [NCT00358124] | Phase 4 | 220 participants | Interventional | 2001-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Oral Combination Therapy of Metformin Extended Release Over Glimepiride in a Single Dosage Form in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Failure of Monotherapy[NCT00941161] | Phase 4 | 28 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2009-02-28 | Completed | ||
| Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Metformin in Treatment of Moderate Psoriasis: A Prospective Randomized Double Blind Controlled Study[NCT02644954] | Phase 3 | 40 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2016-01-31 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| Open-label, Flexible-dose Adjunctive Bromocriptine for Patients With Schizophrenia and Impaired Glucose Tolerance[NCT03575000] | Phase 4 | 20 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-11-01 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| Topiramate and Severe Obesity in Children and Adolescents[NCT02273804] | Phase 3 | 18 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-06-01 | Completed | ||
| An Open Label Study to Examine the Long Term Effect on Glucose Control (HbA1c) and Safety and Tolerability of Exenatide Given Two Times a Day to Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT00111540] | Phase 3 | 456 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2002-11-30 | Completed | ||
| Difference of Basal Insulin Titration Method in Reducing HbA1c Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Patients.[NCT05331469] | Phase 4 | 70 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-07-19 | Recruiting | ||
| Twenty-Four-Hour Plasma Glucose Profiles Observed in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes During Therapy Consisting of Oral Agent(s) Plus Twice-Daily Insulin Lispro Low Mixture or Once-Daily Insulin Glargine[NCT00551538] | Phase 4 | 15 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Encouraging Mail Order Pharmacy Use to Improve Outcomes and Reduce Disparities[NCT02621476] | 63,012 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-02-01 | Completed | |||
| Effects of Insulin Sensitizers in Subjects With Impaired Glucose Tolerance[NCT00108615] | Phase 4 | 48 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Effect on Glycemic Control of Individual Maximum Effective Dose of NNC 90-1170 as Add on Therapy to Metformin Compared to Monotherapy of NNC 90-1170 or Metformin or a Metformin-SU Combination Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. A Double-blind, Doubl[NCT01511172] | Phase 2 | 145 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2002-08-31 | Completed | ||
| Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30 Plus Metformin With Insulin Glargine Plus Glimepiride in Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00619697] | Phase 4 | 260 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-12-31 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of the Addition of MK0431 to Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control on Metformin Therapy[NCT00086515] | Phase 3 | 701 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-06-30 | Completed | ||
| Impact of Rheumatoid Arthritis on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT02639988] | 1,000 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2016-04-13 | Suspended | |||
| Efficacy of Exenatide (AC2993, Synthetic Exendin-4, LY2148568) Compared With Twice-Daily Biphasic Insulin Aspart in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Using Sulfonylurea and Metformin[NCT00082407] | Phase 3 | 505 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-11-30 | Completed | ||
| Pioglitazone Versus Rosiglitazone in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Dyslipidemia[NCT00331487] | Phase 3 | 719 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2000-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy and Safety of Vildagliptin in Combination With Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00099892] | Phase 3 | 544 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-05-31 | Completed | ||
| The Effects of Exenatide (Byetta) on Energy Expenditure and Weight Loss in Non-Diabetic Obese Subjects[NCT00856609] | Phase 3 | 150 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-03-03 | Completed | ||
| Liraglutide in the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT01722266] | Phase 3 | 72 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-11-30 | Completed | ||
| Effects Of Exenatide (Byetta®) On Liver Biochemistry, Liver Histology And Lipid Metabolism In Patients With Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease[NCT00529204] | Phase 2 | 1 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-10-31 | Terminated (stopped due to Lack of recruitment) | ||
| Glimepiride Versus Metformin as Monotherapy in Pediatric Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Single Blind Comparison Study[NCT00353691] | Phase 3 | 100 participants | Interventional | 2002-10-31 | Completed | ||
| A 24 Week, Randomised, Double Blind, Parallel Study to Compare the Change in HbA1c With AVANDAMET® (8.0mg / 2.0g) Plus Insulin to Placebo Plus Insulin, in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Starting Insulin Therapy[NCT00069836] | Phase 3 | 272 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-10-31 | Completed | ||
| Safety and Efficacy of Exenatide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Using Thiazolidinediones or Thiazolidinediones and Metformin[NCT00099320] | Phase 3 | 182 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Characterization of the Cardiotoxic Effects of Chemotherapies With Anthracyclines and Trastuzumab for Breast Cancer by Contrast-enhanced Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMR).[NCT00679874] | 66 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2008-05-31 | Terminated (stopped due to No subjects indentifiable) | |||
| Time to Complications Occurs in Diabetes. Risk Factors Determine When Diabetes Complications Occur[NCT00969956] | 17 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2012-04-30 | Terminated (stopped due to Local regulations) | |||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of the Addition of MK0431 to Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control on Glimepiride Alone or in Combination With Metf[NCT00106704] | Phase 3 | 441 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-03-31 | Completed | ||
| A Phase 2, Randomized, Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Study to Examine the Effect of Exenatide Monotherapy on Glucose Control in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT00085969] | Phase 2 | 99 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-09-30 | Completed | ||
| A Phase 2, Randomized, Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Short-Term, Dose-Response Study to Examine the Effect on Glucose Control and Safety and Tolerability of AC2993 Given Two Times a Day in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT00044694] | Phase 2 | 156 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2002-08-31 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomised Trial to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of NovoLog Mix 70/30 BID in Combination With Metformin and Pioglitazone to Metformin and Pioglitazone Alone in Insulin Naïve Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00097279] | Phase 3 | 230 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-08-31 | Completed | ||
| Vildagliptin Compared to Pioglitazone in Combination With Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00237237] | Phase 3 | 588 participants | Interventional | 2005-10-31 | Completed | ||
| Effects of Sitagliptin on Postprandial Glycaemia, Incretin Hormones and Blood Pressure in Type 2 Diabetes - Relationship to Gastric Emptying[NCT02324010] | Phase 2 | 14 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-07-31 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30 on Glycaemic Control in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00280046] | Phase 3 | 307 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-11-30 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of the Addition of Sitagliptin to Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control on Metformin Therapy[NCT00337610] | Phase 3 | 190 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-06-30 | Completed | ||
| [NCT00684528] | Phase 3 | 1,000 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2008-06-30 | Recruiting | ||
| A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Placebo and Active Controlled, Randomized Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of the Addition of Sitagliptin 100 mg Once Daily in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes With Inadequate Glycemic Control on Metformin Monotherapy[NCT00541775] | Phase 3 | 273 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-06-30 | Completed | ||
| The Comparison of Effect Between Salsalate and Placebo in Osteoarthritis With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Investigator Initiated Randomized Placebo-controlled Double-blind, Pilot Study[NCT03222206] | Phase 4 | 34 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-11-08 | Completed | ||
| Insulin Glulisine Administered in a Fixed Bolus Regimen Versus Variable Bolus Regimen Based on Carbohydrate Counting in Adult Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Receiving Insulin Glargine as Basal Insulin[NCT00135057] | Phase 3 | 281 participants | Interventional | 2004-04-30 | Completed | ||
| Open-Label, Uncontrolled, Single-Arm, Single-Center, 16-Week Study Assessing Efficacy and Safety of Frequently Modified Insulin Therapy Using Dosage Recommending Device Software in 3-Groups of Subjects With Diabetes[NCT01170208] | 46 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-06-30 | Completed | |||
| The STRENGTH Study: Shapely Sisters Targeting Realistic Exercise and Nutrition Goals Through Healthy Habits[NCT02253641] | 40 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-04-30 | Completed | |||
| The Effects of Daily Anti-inflammatory Supplementation on Foundation Pain Index Scores in Chronic Opiate Patients[NCT05896878] | 20 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-07-10 | Enrolling by invitation | |||
| Body Fat Index as a Novel Sonographic Tool to Predict High Risk Pregnancy (BFiORS Trial)[NCT05533996] | 206 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-03-01 | Not yet recruiting | |||
| Bioavailability of Glimepiride/Extended Release Metformin (4/850 mg) in Healthy Mexican Volunteers[NCT01437800] | Phase 1 | 24 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Bioavailability of Glimepiride/Extended Release Metformin (4/850 mg) After a High Fat Diet, in Healthy Mexican Volunteers[NCT01437813] | Phase 1 | 24 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-01-31 | Completed | ||
| A Combined Single Dose Study Under Fasting Condition And Multiple Doses Study Under Normal Diabetic Meal Comparing the Bioavailability of Two Formulations of 500 mg Metformin Hydrochloride Extended Release Tablets.[NCT01677260] | 38 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-10-31 | Completed | |||
| A Pilot Study to Evaluate Eli Lilly's Insulin Dosing Algorithm to Control Glycemia in Insulin-treated Adults With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT05514080] | 10 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-12-06 | Completed | |||
| The TELE-DD Project: a Nurse-led Randomised Controlled Trial on Treatment Adherence in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Comorbid Depression[NCT04097483] | 428 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-01-31 | Completed | |||
| The Effects of Metformin on Vascular Structure and Function in Subjects With the Metabolic Syndrome (MET Trial)[NCT00105066] | Phase 2 | 77 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-01-31 | Completed | ||
| LabAlert: Enhancing Medication Safety Through Electronic Interventions to Improve Medication Safety[NCT00256386] | 800 participants | Interventional | 2004-01-31 | Completed | |||
| Research on Human Insulin rDNA (Insuget) Safety and Efficacy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT05161741] | Phase 4 | 238 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-01-01 | Completed | ||
| Effects of Caloric Restriction Alone Versus Postoperative Caloric Restriction Following Bariatric Surgery on Glucose Metabolism in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus[NCT01083108] | Phase 2 | 5 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-03-31 | Terminated | ||
| A Phase II, Open Label Assessment of Neoadjuvant Intervention With Metformin Against Tumour Expression of Signaling[NCT00881725] | Phase 2 | 24 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-06-30 | Terminated (stopped due to Slow Accrual) | ||
| Double-blind Randomized Trial Using Oral Metformin Versus Placebo in the Treatment of Acanthosis Nigricans in Children With Obesity[NCT02438020] | Phase 4 | 30 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2015-06-30 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| Exploiting Metformin Plus/Minus Cyclic Fasting Mimicking Diet (FMD) to Improve the Efficacy of First Line Chemo-immunotherapy in Advanced LKB1-inactive Lung Adenocarcinoma[NCT03709147] | Phase 2 | 64 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2018-10-30 | Recruiting | ||
| A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Multicenter Phase II Study to Investigate the Protectivity and Efficacy of Metformin Against Steatosis in Combination With FOLFIRI and Cetuximab in Subjects With First-line Palliative Treated, KRAS-Wild-Type,[NCT01523639] | Phase 2 | 8 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-04-30 | Terminated (stopped due to Prematurely due to slow recruitment (07/08/2013). Newly defined study end=LPLV=05/11/2013. ABCSG guaranteed completed treatment period for ethical reasons.) | ||
| Inflammatory Mediators in Obese Adolescents With Insulin Resistance Following Metformin Treatment: Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial[NCT01410604] | Phase 4 | 31 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Open-Label Study Of Metformin In Combination With Simvastatin For Men With Prostate Carcinoma And A Rising Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen Level After Radical Prostatectomy And/Or Radiation Therapy[NCT01561482] | Phase 2 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-01-31 | Withdrawn (stopped due to Study closed due to slow/low enrollment; no subjects were enrolled.) | ||
| Assessment of Efficacy and Safety of Thioctic Acid in the Oral Treatment of Symptomatic Diabetic Neuropathy (SYDNEY 2) Randomised, Double-blind,Placebo-controlled Multicentre Trial With 4 Parallel Groups[NCT00328601] | Phase 3 | 170 participants | Interventional | 2005-02-28 | Completed | ||
| The Impact of Novel Strategies to Improve Cardiometabolic Status and Adherence to Exercise Regimens in Patients at High Risk for Cardiovascular Disease[NCT03103854] | 500 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2014-01-01 | Recruiting | |||
| Effects of a Smartphone-based Weight Loss Programme Targeting Chinese Overweight Adults With Pre-diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT04875780] | 282 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-06-01 | Recruiting | |||
| Testing the Effectiveness of Different Messaging Approaches to Increase Doctor Visits to Confirm or Exclude a Diagnosis of Prediabetes or Diabetes Amongst Individuals With Risk Factors for Diabetes: A Randomised, Controlled Trial[NCT05755555] | 5,000 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2022-08-04 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| Evaluation of Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (ECF/TAF) Switch Followed by Ledipasvir-Sofosbuvir HCV Therapy in HIV-HCV Co-Infection: A CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network-Gilead Pilot Trial Proposal[NCT02660905] | Phase 3 | 25 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-04-30 | Completed | ||
| GluCoach - Technology-enabled Lifestyle Intervention Study[NCT04905680] | 260 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-05-04 | Recruiting | |||
| Culturally Adapted Community-based Translational Diabetes Prevention Program for Obese and Pre-diabetic Hispanic/Latino Females[NCT04052815] | 30 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-01-01 | Recruiting | |||
| Evaluation of Rosiglitazone in Reversing Metabolic Defects of Pre-Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT00094796] | Phase 2 | 70 participants | Interventional | 2004-10-20 | Completed | ||
| Diet, Exercise and Breastfeeding Intervention (DEBI) Program for Women With Gestational Diabetes[NCT00460018] | Phase 2 | 180 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2005-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Diabetes Prevention in Women With a Recent History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus[NCT02744300] | 180 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2016-09-30 | Completed | |||
| Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Change; Impact on Lifestyle Intervention Effects for Diabetes Translation[NCT02467881] | 308 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-09-30 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| Use of MCT Oil for Enhancement of Weight Loss and Glycemic Control in Obese Diabetic Patients 2002-292G[NCT00207233] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 42 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2004-07-31 | Completed | ||
| Weight Management in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)[NCT00266019] | Phase 2 | 30 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2005-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Extreme Exercise and Energy Expenditure (4E) Study[NCT05895916] | 13 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-06-07 | Completed | |||
| A Comprehensive Intervention Study on Klotho Gene Methylation and Cardiovascular Risk Factors[NCT02773823] | 190 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-11-30 | Completed | |||
| Prevention of Hypertension Incidence and Diabetes Italian Assessment Study. Therapeutic Strategies of Prevention of Diabetes and Hypertension in Subjects With Metabolic Syndrome and High-Normal Blood Pressure.[NCT00456963] | Phase 4 | 3,000 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2007-09-30 | Terminated (stopped due to Because of delay in approval of the protocol by a number of Ethics Commitees the trial was terminated on March 4, 2010. No patient had received any study drug.) | ||
| Characterization of a Portable Solid-State Breath Acetone Testing Device for Real-Time Ketosis Status and Comparison to Blood Ketone Testing[NCT04130724] | 21 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2019-10-16 | Completed | |||
| Collaborations for Health Improvement in East Harlem-Project HEED[NCT01004848] | 402 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-03-31 | Completed | |||
| Diabetes and Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine: A Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT03663322] | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2018-11-15 | Recruiting | |||
| Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of Carbohydrate Restriction Among Men Initiating Androgen Deprivation Therapy For Prostate Cancer[NCT00932672] | Phase 2 | 45 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-06-30 | Terminated (stopped due to slow recruitment, lack of funding and PI transferred) | ||
| Age, Lifestyle, Muscle Mechanisms in Insulin Resistance[NCT00971594] | 15 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-06-30 | Completed | |||
| Virtual Lifestyle Management: Prevention Through the UPMC Patient Portal[NCT00409786] | 50 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-11-30 | Completed | |||
| Iron Reduction by Phlebotomy for the Treatment of Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease[NCT03696797] | 240 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-05-01 | Recruiting | |||
| Screening, Training, Education and Prevention Service of the University of Pittsburgh, Phase 2[NCT00480779] | 48 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-06-30 | Completed | |||
| Sleep for Health: A Randomized Clinical Trial Examining the Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia on Diabetes Risk[NCT06067139] | 300 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-08-01 | Recruiting | |||
| Modulation of Insulin and Exercise Responses by Vitamin E and Vitamin C[NCT01369043] | 1 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-05-31 | Terminated (stopped due to Lack of successful recruiting, budget cuts, and potential study flaws.) | |||
| Effects of Exercise Behavior Modification on Plasma Adiponectin and Insulin Resistance in High Risk Subjects of Diabetes[NCT01136096] | 216 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-01-31 | Completed | |||
| Pragmatic Randomized Trial of Polygenic Risk Scoring for Common Diseases in Primary Care[NCT04331535] | 1,076 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-07-17 | Recruiting | |||
| Determinants of Progression From Impaired Fasting Glucose to Diabetes Mellitus Among Chinese - a 3-year Follow up Study[NCT03617757] | 386 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-10-01 | Completed | |||
| Improving Cognitive-Behavioral and Cardio-Metabolic Health Through Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM)[NCT04920058] | 66 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-05-10 | Completed | |||
| Medicaid Incentives for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases: Diabetes Prevention[NCT03139019] | 596 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-06-30 | Completed | |||
| Obesity Group Visits. A Novel Way to Approach the Obesity Epidemic in an Inner-City Setting[NCT04725058] | 1,000 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-02-03 | Recruiting | |||
| Abdominal Obesity as a Therapeutic Target: Long-term Benefits of Abdominal Fat Loss and Weight Stabilization in High-risk Abdominally Obese Dyslipidemic Patients With the Features of the Metabolic Syndrome (SYNERGIE Study)[NCT06158191] | 186 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-03-26 | Completed | |||
| Insulin Superheroes Club: Diabetes Prevention Program in Youth (12-month Supplement to the CDC DPP for Adults)[NCT03042936] | 33 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-03-31 | Completed | |||
| Early Diagnosis and Management of Patients at Risk for Diabetes[NCT03949504] | 1,500 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2019-01-09 | Completed | |||
| Effects of a Web/Smartphone-based Lifestyle Coaching Program on Gestational Weight Gain in Pregnant Women With Gestational Diabetes[NCT03249896] | 340 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-09-05 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| Canadian Health Advanced By Nutrition and Graded Exercise: CHANGE Health Paradigm[NCT01616563] | 305 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-10-31 | Completed | |||
| Effect of Linagliptin + Metformin vs Metformin Alone on the Role of Pancreatic Islet Function, Insulin Resistance and Markers of Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Prediabetes: Randomized Clinical Trial[NCT03004612] | Phase 4 | 144 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-01-31 | Completed | ||
| A Prospective Consortium Evaluating the Long-term Follow-up of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Enrolled In a Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Bariatric Surgery Versus Medical Management[NCT02328599] | 302 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2018-04-10 | Enrolling by invitation | |||
| Hydroxychloroquine to Improve Insulin Sensitivity in Rheumatoid Arthritis[NCT01132118] | Phase 3 | 30 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-06-30 | Completed | ||
| Rosiglitazone And Fenofibrate Additive Effects on Lipids (RAFAEL)[NCT00819910] | Phase 4 | 41 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-09-30 | Terminated (stopped due to Slow recruitment and increase in deployment overseas limiting follow up) | ||
| Effects Rehabilitation Programme in Adapted Physical Activity (APA) Among Type 2 Diabetics Persons[NCT00234273] | Phase 2 | 10 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-11-30 | Terminated (stopped due to recrutment) | ||
| Effect of Myoinositol on Serum Asprosin Levels in PCOS Patients[NCT05951309] | 30 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-09-01 | Completed | |||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
Primary outcome for years 2002-2008 defined according to American Diabetes Association criteria (fasting plasma glucose level >= 126 mg/dL [7.0 mmol/L] or 2-hour plasma glucose >= 200 mg/dL [11.1 mmol/L], after a 75 gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and confirmed with a repeat test). (NCT00038727)
Timeframe: Outcomes were assessed from 1996-2008 (approximately 12 years including 6 years of DPP).
| Intervention | diabetes incidence (cases per 100 person (Number) |
|---|---|
| 1 Original Lifestyle | 5.3 |
| 2 Original Metformin | 6.4 |
| 3 Original Placebo | 7.8 |
All cause-mortality through clinic reports and National Death Index search (NCT00038727)
Timeframe: Outcomes were assessed throughout follow-up from 1996 to 2022. National Death Index search conducted in 2019 using early release data as of Dec 2018.
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| 1 Original Lifestyle | 158 |
| 2 Original Metformin | 152 |
| 3 Original Placebo | 143 |
Aggregate microvascular disease is defined as the average prevalence of 3 components: (1) retinopathy measured by photography (ETDRS of 20 or greater); (2) neuropathy detected by Semmes Weinstein 10 gram monofilament, and (3) nephropathy based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR by chronic kidney disease (CKD-Epi) equation ) (<45 ml/min, confirmed) and albumin-to-creatinine ratio in spot urine (> 30mg/gm, confirmed). (NCT00038727)
Timeframe: Outcomes were assessed from 2012-2013 (approximately 2 years).
| Intervention | average percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| 1 Original Lifestyle | 11.3 |
| 2 Original Metformin | 13 |
| 3 Original Placebo | 12.4 |
Measured using coronary artery calcification (CAC). (NCT00038727)
Timeframe: Outcomes were assessed from 2012-2013 (approximately 2 years).
| Intervention | CAC geometric mean in AU (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | |
| 1 Original Lifestyle | 70.1 | 6.0 |
| 2 Original Metformin | 40.2 | 6.1 |
| 3 Original Placebo | 63.7 | 5.3 |
(NCT02623998)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks after randomization
| Intervention | cm (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Intervention | -2.3 |
| Standard Care | -1.8 |
Diabetes remission is defined as absence of hyperglycemia relapse (NCT02623998)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after randomization
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Intervention | 8 |
| Standard Care | 4 |
Normal glucose tolerance is defined as a FPG<6.1 mmol/L and a 2-hour plasma glucose <7.8 mmol/L on a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (NCT02623998)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after randomization
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Intervention | 3 |
| Standard Care | 1 |
"Hyperglycemia relapse for primary outcome was defined as any one of:~Capillary glucose >10 mmol/L on >/=50% of readings over 1 week;~HbA1C >/=6.5%;~use of diabetes drugs;~fasting plasma glucose >/= 7.0 mmol/L;~2-hour postprandial plasma glucose >/=11.1 mmol/L on an oral glucose tolerance test." (NCT02623998)
Timeframe: 64 weeks of follow-up
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Intervention | 41 |
| Standard Care | 48 |
(NCT02623998)
Timeframe: 64 weeks of follow-up
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Intervention | 0 |
| Standard Care | 0 |
(NCT02623998)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks after randomization
| Intervention | % change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Intervention | -2.1 |
| Standard Care | -1.4 |
Blood glucose was measured on a fasting basis. The Placebo (pooled) arm was a pooling of the Placebo/Metformin and Placebo/Sitagliptin arms for analysis purposes. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo (Pooled) | 138.8 |
A1C is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time. A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. The Placebo (pooled) arm was a pooling of the Placebo/Metformin and Placebo/Sitagliptin arms for analysis purposes. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | Percentage (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo (Pooled) | 7.58 |
2-Hour incremental PMG = Glucose at 120 minutes - glucose at 0 minutes. PMG endpoints were derived via the trapezoidal rule using 9-point Meal Tolerance Test (MTT) measurements. This change from baseline was Week 20 2-hour incremental PMG minus the Week 0 2-hour incremental PMG. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 1.5 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 0.7 |
| Metformin | 0.8 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 12.5 |
2-Hour incremental PMG = Glucose at 120 minutes - glucose at 0 minutes. PMG endpoints were derived via the trapezoidal rule using 9-point Meal Tolerance Test (MTT) measurements. This change from baseline was Week 54 2-hour incremental PMG minus the Week 0 2-hour incremental PMG. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -0.6 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -26.6 |
| Metformin | -31.3 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -32.0 |
PMG endpoints were derived via the trapezoidal rule using 9-point Meal Tolerance Test (MTT) measurements. This change from baseline was Week 54 2-hour PMG minus the Week 0 2-hour PMG. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -1.7 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -16.8 |
| Metformin | -39.7 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -28.0 |
PMG endpoints were derived via the trapezoidal rule using 9-point Meal Tolerance Test (MTT) measurements. This change from baseline was Week 20 2-hour PMG minus the Week 0 2-hour PMG. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -2.9 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 2.1 |
| Metformin | -6.8 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 63.5 |
Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over time. Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. Mean change from baseline was estimated as the Week 20 A1C minus the Week 0 A1C from a longitudinal data analysis (LDA) model. The placebo arm in this comparison is a pooling of the Placebo/Metformin and Placebo/Sitagliptin arms. The Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP) did not specify for the Metformin arm to be included in statistical comparisons, so results for this arm are provided separately. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | Percentage (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -0.01 |
| Placebo (Pooled) | 0.18 |
A1C is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time. Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. This change from baseline reflects the Week 54 A1C minus the Week 0 A1C. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54
| Intervention | Percentage (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -0.19 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -0.90 |
| Metformin | -0.70 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -0.50 |
This change from baseline was Week 54 BMI minus the Week 0 BMI. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54
| Intervention | kg/m^2 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -0.4 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -1.0 |
| Metformin | -0.6 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -0.3 |
This change from baseline was Week 20 BMI minus the Week 0 BMI. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | kg/m^2 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 0.0 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -0.7 |
| Metformin | -0.8 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -1.7 |
Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase is a biochemical marker of bone turnover. This change from baseline was Week 20 bone-specific alkaline phosphatase minus the Week 0 bone-specific alkaline phosphatase. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | μg/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -6.0 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -4.2 |
| Metformin | -9.7 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 10.7 |
Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase is a biochemical marker of bone turnover. This change from baseline was Week 20 bone-specific alkaline phosphatase minus the Week 0 bone-specific alkaline phosphatase. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | μg/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -2.2 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 0.1 |
| Metformin | -7.1 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 4.7 |
Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase is a biochemical marker of bone turnover. This change from baseline was Week 54 bone-specific alkaline phosphatase minus the Week 0 bone-specific alkaline phosphatase. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54
| Intervention | μg/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -20.0 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -13.5 |
| Metformin | -14.9 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -6.9 |
Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase is a biochemical marker of bone turnover. This change from baseline was Week 54 bone-specific alkaline phosphatase minus the Week 0 bone-specific alkaline phosphatase. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54
| Intervention | μg/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -16.2 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -15.0 |
| Metformin | -1.3 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -15.3 |
AUC endpoints were derived via the trapezoidal rule using 9-point Meal Tolerance Test (MTT) measurements. This change from baseline was Week 20 C-peptide 3-hour AUC minus the Week 0 C-peptide 3-hour AUC. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20 (-10 min. before ingesting the meal, 0 min. prior to the meal, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 minutes after ingesting the meal)
| Intervention | ng*hr/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -1.8 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -0.1 |
| Metformin | 5.9 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -6.4 |
AUC endpoints were derived via the trapezoidal rule using 9-point Meal Tolerance Test (MTT) measurements. This change from baseline was Week 54 C-peptide 3-hour AUC minus the Week 0 C-peptide 3-hour AUC. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54 (-10 min. before ingesting the meal, 0 min. prior to the meal, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 minutes after ingesting the meal)
| Intervention | ng*hr/ml (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -0.1 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -6.1 |
| Metformin | 1.7 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -8.9 |
AUC endpoints were derived via the trapezoidal rule using 9-point Meal Tolerance Test (MTT) measurements. Excursion AUC = Incremental AUC above the level at the start of the meal. AUC below the level at the start of the meal did not contribute to the Excursion AUC. This change from baseline was Week 20 C-peptide Excursion 3-hour AUC minus the Week 0 C-peptide Excursion 3-hour AUC. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20 (-10 min. before ingesting the meal, 0 min. prior to the meal, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 minutes after ingesting the meal)
| Intervention | ng*hr/ml (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -1.1 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -0.4 |
| Metformin | 4.1 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -4.8 |
AUC endpoints were derived via the trapezoidal rule using 9-point Meal Tolerance Test (MTT) measurements. Excursion AUC = Incremental AUC above the level at the start of the meal. AUC below the level at the start of the meal did not contribute to the Excursion AUC. This change from baseline was Week 54 C-peptide Excursion 3-hour AUC minus the Week 0 C-peptide Excursion 3-hour AUC. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54 (-10 min. before ingesting the meal, 0 min. prior to the meal, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 minutes after ingesting the meal)
| Intervention | ng*hr/ml (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -1.8 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -5.2 |
| Metformin | 0.9 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -5.9 |
Calcitonin, along with parathyroid hormone, is a hormone that regulates calcium and bone metabolism. This change from baseline was Week 20 calcitonin minus the Week 0 calcitonin. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | ng/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -0.1 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -2.0 |
| Metformin | 0.0 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 0.0 |
Calcitonin, along with parathyroid hormone, is a hormone that regulates calcium and bone metabolism. This change from baseline was Week 20 calcitonin minus the Week 0 calcitonin. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | ng/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 0.2 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -0.2 |
| Metformin | -1.6 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 0.5 |
Calcitonin, along with parathyroid hormone, is a hormone that regulates calcium and bone metabolism. This change from baseline was Week 54 calcitonin minus the Week 0 calcitonin. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54
| Intervention | ng/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -1.0 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -1.9 |
| Metformin | 0.0 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 0.3 |
Calcitonin, along with parathyroid hormone, is a hormone that regulates calcium and bone metabolism. This change from baseline was Week 54 calcitonin minus the Week 0 calcitonin. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54
| Intervention | ng/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 0.1 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -0.3 |
| Metformin | 0.0 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 1.4 |
Blood glucose was measured on a fasting basis. Change in plasma glucose levels was FPG at Week 20 minus FPG at baseline. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 9.98 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 7.59 |
| Metformin | -19.88 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 57.67 |
Blood glucose was measured on a fasting basis. Change in plasma glucose levels was FPG at Week 20 minus FPG at baseline and was estimated from a longitudinal data analysis model. The current outcome measure focused on results from participants randomized to sitagliptin or placebo. The Week 20 treatment comparison of Sitagliptin vs Placebo included all participants treated with Sitagliptin or Placebo. The Placebo arm in this comparison was a pooling of the Placebo/Metformin and Placebo/Sitagliptin arms. The SAP did not specify for the Metformin arm to be included in statistical comparisons, so results for this arm are provided separately. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 7.2 |
| Placebo (Pooled) | 5.7 |
Blood glucose was measured on a fasting basis. Change in plasma glucose levels was FPG at Week 54 minus FPG at baseline. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -3.03 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -4.52 |
| Metformin | -29.92 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 3.00 |
AUC endpoints were derived via the trapezoidal rule using 9-point Meal Tolerance Test (MTT) measurements. This change from baseline was Week 54 glucose 3-hour AUC minus the Week 0 glucose 3-hour AUC. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54 (-10 min. before ingesting the meal, 0 min. prior to the meal, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 minutes after ingesting the meal)
| Intervention | mg*hr/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -21.1 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -36.0 |
| Metformin | -73.1 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -63.3 |
AUC endpoints were derived via the trapezoidal rule using 9-point Meal Tolerance Test (MTT) measurements. This change from baseline was Week 20 glucose 3-hour AUC minus the Week 0 glucose 3-hour AUC. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20 (-10 min. before ingesting the meal, 0 min. prior to the meal, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 minutes after ingesting the meal)
| Intervention | mg*hr/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -49.3 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 2.0 |
| Metformin | 18.6 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 191.0 |
AUC endpoints were derived via the trapezoidal rule using 9-point Meal Tolerance Test (MTT) measurements. Excursion AUC = Incremental AUC above the level at the start of the meal. AUC below the level at the start of the meal did not contribute to the Excursion AUC. This change from baseline was Week 20 glucose Excursion 3-hour AUC minus the Week 0 glucose Excursion 3-hour AUC. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20 (-10 min. before ingesting the meal, 0 min. prior to the meal, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 minutes after ingesting the meal)
| Intervention | mg*hr/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -43.5 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 10.8 |
| Metformin | 39.8 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 46.2 |
AUC endpoints were derived via the trapezoidal rule using 9-point Meal Tolerance Test (MTT) measurements. Excursion AUC = Incremental AUC above the level at the start of the meal. AUC below the level at the start of the meal did not contribute to the Excursion AUC. This change from baseline was Week 54 glucose Excursion 3-hour AUC minus the Week 0 glucose Excursion 3-hour AUC. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54 (-10 min. before ingesting the meal, 0 min. prior to the meal, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 minutes after ingesting the meal)
| Intervention | mg*hr/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -30.7 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -50.1 |
| Metformin | -49.0 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -74.0 |
Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time. Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. Change from baseline was estimated as the Week 20 A1C minus the Week 0 A1C. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | Percentage (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -0.13 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -0.02 |
| Metformin | -1.03 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 0.57 |
HOMA-IR = fasting insulin (in mcIU/mL) × FPG (in mg/dL) / (22.5×18). This change from baseline was Week 54 HOMA-IR minus the Week 0 HOMA-IR. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54
| Intervention | Index of insulin resistance (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -6.13 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -1.30 |
| Metformin | -15.18 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -2.21 |
HOMA-β = 20 × fasting insulin (in mcIU/mL) ÷ {[FPG (in mg/dL)/18] - 3.5}. This change from baseline was Week 54 HOMA-β minus the Week 0 HOMA-β. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54
| Intervention | Percentage of Beta Cell Function (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -41.15 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -63.88 |
| Metformin | -1860.69 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -121.48 |
HOMA-IR = fasting insulin (in mcIU/mL) × FPG (in mg/dL) / (22.5×18). This change from baseline was Week 20 HOMA-IR minus the Week 0 HOMA-IR. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | Index of insulin resistance (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -0.50 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -0.86 |
| Metformin | -4.46 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 2.58 |
HOMA-β = 20 × fasting insulin (in mcIU/mL) ÷ {[FPG (in mg/dL)/18] - 3.5}. The change from baseline was Week 20 HOMA-β minus the Week 0 HOMA-β. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | Percentage of Beta Cell Function (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 15.72 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -53.23 |
| Metformin | -1757.50 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -64.78 |
AUC endpoints were derived via the trapezoidal rule using 9-point Meal Tolerance Test (MTT) measurements. This change from baseline was Week 20 insulin 3-hour AUC minus the Week 0 insulin 3-hour AUC. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20 (-10 min. before ingesting the meal, 0 min. prior to the meal, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 minutes after ingesting the meal)
| Intervention | µIU*hr/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -14.5 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -32.8 |
| Metformin | 141.7 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -145.6 |
AUC endpoints were derived via the trapezoidal rule using 9-point Meal Tolerance Test (MTT) measurements. This change from baseline was Week 54 insulin 3-hour AUC minus the Week 0 insulin 3-hour AUC. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54 (-10 min. before ingesting the meal, 0 min. prior to the meal, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 minutes after ingesting the meal)
| Intervention | µIU*hr/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -43.2 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -253.9 |
| Metformin | -37.8 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -184.4 |
AUC endpoints were derived via the trapezoidal rule using 9-point Meal Tolerance Test (MTT) measurements. This change from baseline was Week 20 insulin total AUC/glucose total AUC ratio minus the Week 0 insulin total AUC/glucose total AUC ratio. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20 (-10 min. before ingesting the meal, 0 min. prior to the meal, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 minutes after ingesting the meal)
| Intervention | [µIU*hr/mL]/[mg*hr/dL] (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 0.0 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -0.1 |
| Metformin | 0.2 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -0.2 |
AUC endpoints were derived via the trapezoidal rule using 9-point Meal Tolerance Test (MTT) measurements. This change from baseline was Week 54 insulin 3-hour AUC/glucose 3-hour AUC ratio minus the Week 0 insulin 3-hour AUC/glucose 3-hour AUC ratio. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54 (-10 min. before ingesting the meal, 0 min. prior to the meal, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 minutes after ingesting the meal)
| Intervention | [μIU*hr/mL]/[mg*hr/dL] (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -0.1 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -0.6 |
| Metformin | -0.0 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -0.3 |
This change from baseline reflects the Week 20 insulin minus the Week 0 insulin. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | mIU/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 1.59 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -3.91 |
| Metformin | -7.25 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -1.23 |
This change from baseline reflects the Week 54 insulin minus the Week 0 insulin. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54
| Intervention | mIU/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -9.65 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -6.64 |
| Metformin | -20.50 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -9.95 |
AUC endpoints were derived via the trapezoidal rule using 9-point Meal Tolerance Test (MTT) measurements. Excursion AUC = Incremental AUC above the level at the start of the meal. AUC below the level at the start of the meal did not contribute to the Excursion AUC. This change from baseline was Week 20 insulin Excursion 3-hour AUC minus the Week 0 insulin Excursion 3-hour AUC. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20 (-10 min. before ingesting the meal, 0 min. prior to the meal, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 minutes after ingesting the meal)
| Intervention | µIU*hr/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -12.4 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -19.4 |
| Metformin | 87.5 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -82.8 |
AUC endpoints were derived via the trapezoidal rule using 9-point Meal Tolerance Test (MTT) measurements. Excursion AUC = Incremental AUC above the level at the start of the meal. AUC below the level at the start of the meal did not contribute to the Excursion AUC. This change from baseline was Week 54 insulin Excursion 3-hour AUC minus the Week 0 insulin Excursion 3-hour AUC. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54 (-10 min. before ingesting the meal, 0 min. prior to the meal, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 minutes after ingesting the meal)
| Intervention | µIU*hr/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -103.8 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -198.5 |
| Metformin | -40.2 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -116.6 |
AUC endpoints were derived via the trapezoidal rule using 9-point Meal Tolerance Test (MTT) measurements. Excursion AUC = Incremental AUC above the level at the start of the meal. AUC below the level at the start of the meal did not contribute to the Excursion AUC. This change from baseline was Week 20 insulin Excursion 3-hour AUC/glucose Excursion 3-hour AUC ratio minus the Week 0 insulin Excursion 3-hour AUC/glucose Excursion 3-hour AUC ratio. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20 (-10 min. before ingesting the meal, 0 min. prior to the meal, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 minutes after ingesting the meal)
| Intervention | [μIU*hr/mL]/[mg*hr/dL] (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 2.2 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 7.2 |
| Metformin | -2.5 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 1.4 |
AUC endpoints were derived via the trapezoidal rule using 9-point Meal Tolerance Test (MTT) measurements. Excursion AUC = Incremental AUC above the level at the start of the meal. AUC below the level at the start of the meal did not contribute to the Excursion AUC. This change from baseline was Week 54 insulin Excursion 3-hour AUC/glucose Excursion 3-hour AUC ratio minus the Week 0 insulin Excursion 3-hour AUC/glucose Excursion 3-hour AUC ratio. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54 (-10 min. before ingesting the meal, 0 min. prior to the meal, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 minutes after ingesting the meal)
| Intervention | [µIU*hr/mL]/[mg*hr/dL] (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 4.1 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 3.7 |
| Metformin | -2.7 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 1.4 |
This change from baseline reflects the Week 20 proinsulin minus the Week 0 proinsulin. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | pmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 0.91 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -10.88 |
| Metformin | 12.57 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -1.33 |
This change from baseline reflects the Week 54 proinsulin minus the Week 0 proinsulin. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54
| Intervention | pmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -10.62 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -16.13 |
| Metformin | -23.30 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -0.50 |
Change from baseline was the Week 20 proinsulin/insulin ratio minus the Week 0 proinsulin/insulin ratio. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | Ratio (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 0.02 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 0.02 |
| Metformin | -0.03 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -0.19 |
The change from baseline was Week 54 proinsulin/insulin ratio minus the Week 0 proinsulin/insulin ratio. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54
| Intervention | Ratio (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 0.02 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -0.03 |
| Metformin | -0.01 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 0.02 |
Participant's stage of sexual maturation was assessed using the Tanner staging measure for determining pubertal development in female participants. Tanner staging includes an assessment of pubic hair development (females). Tanner stage (pubic hair) is a score of range 1 to 5 where 1=no development and 5=adult pubic hair. This change from baseline was Week 20 Tanner Staging for Pubic Hair minus the Week 0 Tanner Staging for Pubic Hair. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 0.1 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 0.1 |
| Metformin | 0.2 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 0.0 |
Participant's stage of sexual maturation was assessed using the Tanner staging measure for determining pubertal development in male participants. Tanner staging includes an assessment of pubic hair development (males). Tanner stage (pubic hair) is a score of range 1 to 5 where 1=no development and 5=adult pubic hair. This change from baseline was Week 20 Tanner Staging for Pubic Hair minus the Week 0 Tanner Staging for Pubic Hair. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 0.3 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 0.2 |
| Metformin | 0.0 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 0.5 |
Participant's stage of sexual maturation was assessed using the Tanner staging measure for determining pubertal development in female participants. Tanner staging includes an assessment of pubic hair development (females). Tanner stage (pubic hair) is a score of range 1 to 5 where 1=no development and 5=adult pubic hair. This change from baseline was Week 54 Tanner Staging for Pubic Hair minus the Week 0 Tanner Staging for Pubic Hair. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 0.5 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 0.3 |
| Metformin | 0.8 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 0.3 |
Participant's stage of sexual maturation was assessed using the Tanner staging measure for determining pubertal development in male participants. Tanner staging includes an assessment of pubic hair development (males). Tanner stage (pubic hair) is a score of range 1 to 5 where 1=no development and 5=adult pubic hair. This change from baseline was Week 54 Tanner Staging for Pubic Hair minus the Week 0 Tanner Staging for Pubic Hair. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 0.5 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 0.6 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 0.5 |
Participant's stage of sexual maturation was assessed using the Tanner staging measure for determining pubertal development in female participants. Tanner staging includes an assessment of breast development (females). Tanner stage (breast) is a score of range 1 to 5 where 1=no development and 5=adult breast. This change from baseline was Week 20 Tanner Staging for Breasts minus the Week 0 Tanner Staging for Breasts. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | Score on a Scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 0.2 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 0.1 |
| Metformin | 0.2 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 0.3 |
Participant's stage of sexual maturation was assessed using the Tanner staging measure for determining pubertal development in female participants. Tanner staging includes an assessment of breast development (females). Tanner stage (breast) is a score of range 1 to 5 where 1=no development and 5=adult breast. This change from baseline was Week 54 Tanner Staging for Breasts minus the Week 0 Tanner Staging for Breasts. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54
| Intervention | Score on a Scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 0.5 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 0.4 |
| Metformin | 0.5 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 0.7 |
Participant's stage of sexual maturation was assessed using the Tanner staging measure for determining pubertal development in male participants. Tanner staging includes an assessment of genital development (males) with a score of range 1 to 5 where 1=no development and 5=adult genitals. This change from baseline was Week 20 Tanner Staging for Genitalia minus the Week 0 Tanner Staging for Genitalia. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 0.3 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 0.2 |
| Metformin | 0.0 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 0.5 |
Participant's stage of sexual maturation was assessed using the Tanner staging measure for determining pubertal development in male participants. Tanner staging includes an assessment of genital development (males) with a score of range 1 to 5 where 1=no development and 5=adult genitals. This change from baseline was Week 54 Tanner Staging for Genitalia minus the Week 0 Tanner Staging for Genitalia. All participants in the Metformin arm were missing baseline or Week 54 measurements. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 0.5 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 0.6 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 0.6 |
Urine N-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of bone collagen [u-NTx]/creatinine ratio is a biochemical marker of bone turnover/resorption. Bone Collagen Equivalents (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54
| Intervention | nmol(BCE)/mmol(creatinine) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -88.4 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -61.2 |
| Metformin | -80.3 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -17.0 |
Urine N-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of bone collagen [u-NTx]/creatinine ratio is a biochemical marker of bone turnover/resorption. All participants in the Metformin arm were missing baseline or Week 54 measurements. BCE = Bone Collagen Equivalents (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54
| Intervention | nmol(BCE)/mmol(creatinine) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -78.2 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -102.4 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -30.0 |
Urine N-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of bone collagen [u-NTx]/creatinine ratio is a biochemical marker of bone turnover/resorption. BCE = Bone Collagen Equivalents (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | nmol(BCE)/mmol(creatinine) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -28.7 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -41.2 |
| Metformin | -98.0 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 12.7 |
Urine N-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of bone collagen [u-NTx]/creatinine ratio is a biochemical marker of bone turnover/resorption. BCE = Bone Collagen Equivalents (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | nmol(BCE)/mmol(creatinine) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -30.9 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -69.8 |
| Metformin | 62.0 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -29.0 |
Growth Velocity (cm/year) = (Change from Baseline in height)/(Change from Baseline in chronologic age). (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Week 20
| Intervention | cm/year (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 3.2 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 1.9 |
| Metformin | 5.0 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 0.6 |
Growth Velocity (cm/year) = (Change from Baseline in height)/(Change from Baseline in chronologic age). (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Week 20
| Intervention | cm/year (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 2.6 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 3.6 |
| Metformin | -1.0 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 1.7 |
Growth Velocity (cm/year) = (Change from Baseline in height)/(Change from Baseline in chronologic age). (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Week 54
| Intervention | cm/year (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 2.1 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 1.2 |
| Metformin | 2.4 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 0.7 |
Growth Velocity (cm/year) = (Change from Baseline in height)/(Change from Baseline in chronologic age). (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Week 54
| Intervention | cm/year (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 2.5 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 2.8 |
| Metformin | 1.7 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 2.8 |
The percent change from baseline in CD26 = ([CD26 value at Week 20] - [baseline CD26 value]) ÷ baseline CD26 value × 100. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | Percent Change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 4.06 |
| Placebo/Metformin | -1.78 |
| Metformin | 4.89 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 14.57 |
The percent change from baseline in CD26 = ([CD26 value at Week 54] - [baseline CD26 value]) ÷ baseline CD26 value × 100. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54
| Intervention | Percent Change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 4.74 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 4.27 |
| Metformin | 12.63 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -5.30 |
The number of participants who discontinued from study drug due to an adverse event during Weeks 0-54 was reported. An adverse event is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a person administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Up to Week 54
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 5 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 1 |
| Metformin | 0 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 0 |
The number of participants experiencing ≥1 adverse event during Weeks 0-56 was reported. An adverse event is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a person administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Up to Week 56
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 73 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 67 |
| Metformin | 7 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 4 |
IGF-1 is a biochemical marker of growth hormone action and growth. The percent change from baseline in IGF-1 = ([IGF-1 value at Week 20] - [baseline IGF-1 value]) ÷ [baseline IGF-1 value] × 100. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | Percent Change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -2.7 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 9.3 |
| Metformin | 7.6 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 5.3 |
IGF-1 is a biochemical marker of growth hormone action and growth. The percent change from baseline in IGF-1 = ([IGF-1 value at Week 54] - [baseline IGF-1 value]) ÷ [baseline IGF-1 value] × 100. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54
| Intervention | Percent Change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -1.5 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 7.2 |
| Metformin | -11.9 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -13.5 |
IGF-1 is a biochemical marker of growth hormone action and growth. The percent change from baseline in IGF-1 = ([IGF-1 value at Week 54] - [baseline IGF-1 value]) ÷ [baseline IGF-1 value] × 100. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54
| Intervention | Percent Change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -4.9 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 29.6 |
| Metformin | 18.8 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -6.8 |
IGF-BP3 is a biochemical marker of growth hormone action and growth. The percent change from baseline in IGF-BP3 = ([IGF-BP3 value at Week 20] - [baseline IGF-BP3 value]) ÷ [baseline IGF-BP3 value] × 100. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | Percent Change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 5.6 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 10.2 |
| Metformin | 3.3 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 14.2 |
IGF-BP3 is a biochemical marker of growth hormone action and growth. The percent change from baseline in IGF-BP3 = ([IGF-BP3 value at Week 54] - [baseline IGF-BP3 value]) ÷ [baseline IGF-BP3 value] × 100. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54
| Intervention | Percent Change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 2.0 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 4.5 |
| Metformin | 11.4 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -13.4 |
IGF-BP3 is a biochemical marker of growth hormone action and growth. The percent change from baseline in IGF-BP3 = ([IGF-BP3 value at Week 54] - [baseline IGF-BP3 value]) ÷ [baseline IGF-BP3 value] × 100. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54
| Intervention | Percent Change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 5.4 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 18.2 |
| Metformin | -2.9 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 22.5 |
IGF-BP3 is a biochemical marker of growth hormone action and growth. The percent change from baseline in IGF-BP3 = ([IGF-BP3 value at Week 20] - [baseline IGF-BP3 value]) ÷ [baseline IGF-BP3 value] × 100. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | Percent Change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 3.5 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 3.8 |
| Metformin | 8.4 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -0.7 |
IGF-1 is a biochemical marker of growth hormone action and growth. The percent change from baseline in IGF-1 = ([IGF-1 value at Week 20] - [baseline IGF-1 value]) ÷ [baseline IGF-1 value] × 100. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | Percent Change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 0.5 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 11.0 |
| Metformin | -3.2 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 41.4 |
The percentage of participants who initiated glycemic rescue therapy prior to Week 20 was reported. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Up to Week 20
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 5.3 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 11.1 |
| Metformin | 0.0 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 40.0 |
The percentage of participants who initiated glycemic rescue therapy prior to Week 54 was reported. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Up to Week 54
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 35.8 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 28.9 |
| Metformin | 11.1 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 80.0 |
The percentage of participants who discontinued from study drug due to an adverse event during Weeks 0-54 was reported. An adverse event is any untoward medical occurrence in a person administered a pharmaceutical product and does not have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. The SAP did not specify for the Metformin arm to be included in statistical comparisons, so results for this arm are provided separately. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Up to Week 54
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 5.3 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 1.1 |
The number of participants experiencing ≥1 adverse event during Weeks 0-56 was reported. An adverse event is any untoward medical occurrence in a person administered a pharmaceutical product and does not have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. The SAP did not specify for the Metformin arm to be included in statistical comparisons, so results for this arm are provided separately. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Up to Week 56
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 76.8 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 74.4 |
The percentage of participants with A1C at goal (<6.5%) at Week 20 was presented. All numbers shown in each individual treatment arm are based on the observed values (Missing = Not at Goal). (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Week 20
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 30.5 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 23.3 |
| Metformin | 66.7 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 20.0 |
The percentage of participants with A1C at goal (<6.5%) at Week 20 was presented. The analysis table includes the observed values for each treatment arm (Missing = Not at Goal) and the estimated treatment difference (Missing = Multiple Imputation). The current outcome measure focused on comparing results from participants randomized to sitagliptin or placebo. The Placebo arm in this comparison was a pooling of the Placebo/Metformin and Placebo/Sitagliptin arms. The SAP did not specify for the Metformin arm to be included in statistical comparisons, so results for this arm are provided separately. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Week 20
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 30.5 |
| Placebo (Pooled) | 23.2 |
The percentage of participants with A1C at goal (<6.5%) at Week 54 was presented. All numbers shown in each individual treatment arm are based on the observed values (Missing = Not at Goal). (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Week 54
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 20.0 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 35.6 |
| Metformin | 22.2 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 20.0 |
The percentage of participants with A1C at goal (<7.0%) at Week 20 was presented. All numbers shown in each individual treatment arm are based on the observed values (Missing = Not at Goal). (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Week 20
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 49.5 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 37.8 |
| Metformin | 77.8 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 20.0 |
The percentage of participants with A1C at goal (<7.0%) at Week 20 was presented. The analysis table includes the observed values for each treatment arm (Missing = Not at Goal) and the estimated treatment difference (Missing = Multiple Imputation). The current outcome measure focused on comparing results from participants randomized to sitagliptin or placebo. The Placebo arm in this comparison was a pooling of the Placebo/Metformin and Placebo/Sitagliptin arms. The SAP did not specify for the Metformin arm to be included in statistical comparisons, so results for this arm are provided separately. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Week 20
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 49.5 |
| Placebo (Pooled) | 36.8 |
The percentage of participants with A1C at goal (<7.0%) at Week 54 was presented. All numbers shown in each individual treatment arm are based on the observed values (Missing = Not at Goal). (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Week 54
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 28.4 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 40.0 |
| Metformin | 33.3 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 20.0 |
Skeletal Maturation = (Change from Baseline in bone age)/(Change from Baseline in chronologic age). Bone age was determined from an X-ray of left hand and wrist. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Week 20
| Intervention | Ratio (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 0.6 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 0.4 |
| Metformin | 1.7 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -0.8 |
Skeletal Maturation = (Change from Baseline in bone age)/(Change from Baseline in chronologic age). Bone age was determined from X-ray of left hand and wrist. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Week 20
| Intervention | Ratio (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 1.6 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 1.2 |
| Metformin | 0.4 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 2.4 |
Skeletal Maturation = (Change from Baseline in bone age)/(Change from Baseline in chronologic age). Bone age was determined from X-ray of left hand and wrist. All participants in the Placebo/Sitagliptin arm were missing baseline or Week 54 measurements. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Week 54
| Intervention | Ratio (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 1.3 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 1.0 |
| Metformin | 1.3 |
Skeletal Maturation = (Change from Baseline in bone age)/(Change from Baseline in chronologic age). Bone age was determined from X-ray of left hand and wrist. All participants in the Metformin and Placebo/Sitagliptin arms were missing baseline or Week 54 measurements. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Week 54
| Intervention | Ratio (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 1.3 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 1.3 |
Participants were evaluated with a visual oral exam; a subset had dental photographs. Teeth worsening was defined as worsening of tooth fracture, tooth discoloration, or enamel defect as determined by an independent reviewer. Worsening in these categories was a change in dental defect assessments made by comparing Week 20 dental assessments versus baseline dental assessments. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Week 20
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. With ≥1 tooth with worsening in any category | 2. With ≥1 tooth with worsening fracture | 3. With ≥1 tooth with worsening discoloration | 4. With ≥1 tooth with worsening enamel defect | |
| Metformin | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 25 | 5 | 23 | 4 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sitagliptin | 32 | 5 | 29 | 7 |
Participants were evaluated with a visual oral exam; a subset had dental photographs. Teeth worsening was defined as worsening of tooth fracture, tooth discoloration, or enamel defect as determined by an independent reviewer. Worsening in these categories was a change in dental defect assessments made by comparing Week 54 dental assessments versus baseline dental assessments. (NCT01485614)
Timeframe: Week 54
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. With ≥1 tooth with worsening in any category | 2. With ≥1 tooth with worsening fracture | 3. With ≥1 tooth with worsening discoloration | 4. With ≥1 with worsening enamel defect | |
| Metformin | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Placebo/Metformin | 50 | 15 | 48 | 13 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sitagliptin | 49 | 13 | 45 | 13 |
Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time. Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. (NCT01760447)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | Percentage of glycated hemoglobin (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin/Metformin and Sitagliptin/Metformin XR Pooled | 7.96 |
| Metformin and Metformin XR Pooled | 8.06 |
Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time. Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. Mean change from baseline at Week 20 was estimated from a longitudinal data analysis model. (NCT01760447)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | Percentage of glycated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin/Metformin and Sitagliptin/Metformin XR Pooled | -0.58 |
| Metformin and Metformin XR Pooled | -0.09 |
A1C is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time. Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. Mean change from baseline at Week 54 was estimated from a longitudinal data analysis model. (NCT01760447)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54
| Intervention | Percentage of glycated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin/Metformin and Sitagliptin/Metformin XR Pooled | 0.35 |
| Metformin and Metformin XR Pooled | 0.73 |
Blood glucose was measured on a fasting basis. Mean change from baseline at Week 20 was estimated from a longitudinal data analysis model. (NCT01760447)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin/Metformin and Sitagliptin/Metformin XR Pooled | -2.5 |
| Metformin and Metformin XR Pooled | 8.3 |
Blood glucose was measured on a fasting basis. Mean change from baseline at Week 54 was estimated from a longitudinal data analysis model. (NCT01760447)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin/Metformin and Sitagliptin/Metformin XR Pooled | 16.8 |
| Metformin and Metformin XR Pooled | 16.9 |
The number of participants who discontinued from study drug due to an adverse event during Weeks 0-20 was reported. An adverse event is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a person administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. (NCT01760447)
Timeframe: Up to Week 20
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin/Metformin | 1 |
| Metformin | 2 |
| Sitagliptin/Metformin XR | 2 |
| Metformin XR | 2 |
| Sitagliptin/Metformin and Sitagliptin/Metformin XR Pooled | 3 |
| Metformin and Metformin XR Pooled | 4 |
The number of participants who discontinued from study drug due to an adverse event during Weeks 0-54 was reported. An adverse event is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a person administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. (NCT01760447)
Timeframe: Up to Week 54
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin/Metformin | 1 |
| Metformin | 1 |
| Sitagliptin/Metformin XR | 1 |
| Metformin XR | 3 |
| Sitagliptin/Metformin and Sitagliptin/Metformin XR Pooled | 2 |
| Metformin and Metformin XR Pooled | 4 |
The number of participants experiencing ≥1 adverse event during Weeks 0-20 was reported. An adverse event is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a person administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. (NCT01760447)
Timeframe: Up to Week 20
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin/Metformin | 42 |
| Metformin | 46 |
| Sitagliptin/Metformin XR | 29 |
| Metformin XR | 30 |
| Sitagliptin/Metformin and Sitagliptin/Metformin XR Pooled | 71 |
| Metformin and Metformin XR Pooled | 76 |
The number of participants experiencing ≥1 adverse event during Weeks 0-56 were reported. An adverse event is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a person administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. (NCT01760447)
Timeframe: Up to approximately Week 56
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin/Metformin | 26 |
| Metformin | 27 |
| Sitagliptin/Metformin XR | 36 |
| Metformin XR | 39 |
| Sitagliptin/Metformin and Sitagliptin/Metformin XR Pooled | 62 |
| Metformin and Metformin XR Pooled | 66 |
Percentage of participants who initiated glycemic rescue therapy prior to Week 20 was reported. (NCT01760447)
Timeframe: Up to Week 20
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin/Metformin | 3.2 |
| Metformin | 19.4 |
| Sitagliptin/Metformin XR | 4.4 |
| Metformin XR | 13.7 |
| Sitagliptin/Metformin and Sitagliptin/Metformin XR Pooled | 3.7 |
| Metformin and Metformin XR Pooled | 16.8 |
Percentage of participants who initiated insulin glargine therapy from Weeks 20 through 54 was reported. (NCT01760447)
Timeframe: Week 20 up to Week 54
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin/Metformin and Sitagliptin/Metformin XR Pooled | 22.7 |
| Metformin and Metformin XR Pooled | 26.6 |
Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time. Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. Percentage of participants with A1C at goal (<6.5%) at Week 20 was presented. (NCT01760447)
Timeframe: Week 20
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin/Metformin and Sitagliptin/Metformin XR Pooled | 29.0 |
| Metformin and Metformin XR Pooled | 20.4 |
Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time. Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. Percentage of participants with A1C at goal (<6.5%) at Week 54 was presented. (NCT01760447)
Timeframe: Week 54
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin/Metformin and Sitagliptin/Metformin XR Pooled | 18.6 |
| Metformin and Metformin XR Pooled | 19.5 |
Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time. Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. Percentage of participants with A1C at goal (<7.0%) at Week 20 was presented. (NCT01760447)
Timeframe: Week 20
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin/Metformin and Sitagliptin/Metformin XR Pooled | 43.0 |
| Metformin and Metformin XR Pooled | 31.0 |
Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time. Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. Percentage of participants with A1C at goal (<7.0%) at Week 54 was presented. (NCT01760447)
Timeframe: Week 54
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin/Metformin and Sitagliptin/Metformin XR Pooled | 31.4 |
| Metformin and Metformin XR Pooled | 27.3 |
IGF-1 at 12 months (NCT02431676)
Timeframe: 12 months
| Intervention | ng/ml (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Self-Directed | 73.4 |
| Coach Directed Behavioral Weight Loss | 76.6 |
| Metformin | 76.2 |
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 levels (ng/ml) at 6 months. (NCT02431676)
Timeframe: 6 months
| Intervention | ng/ml (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Self-Directed | 73.2 |
| Coach Directed Behavioral Weight Loss | 73.6 |
| Metformin | 71.2 |
IGF-1 level to IGFBP3 level ratio (molar ratio) at 6 months. (NCT02431676)
Timeframe: 6 months
| Intervention | ratio (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Self-Directed | 0.18 |
| Coach Directed Behavioral Weight Loss | 0.18 |
| Metformin | 0.17 |
Least Squares (LS) mean was determined by mixed-model repeated measures (MMRM) model with Baseline + Baseline HbA1c Group (<= 8.0%, >8.0%) + Baseline Metformin Use (Yes, No) + Pooled Country + Treatment + Time + Treatment*Time (Type III sum of squares). (NCT04039503)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 40
| Intervention | Kilograms (kg) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| 5 mg Tirzepatide | -6.2 |
| 10 mg Tirzepatide | -8.2 |
| 15 mg Tirzepatide | -10.9 |
| Placebo | 1.7 |
Fasting serum glucose (FSG) is a test to determine sugar levels in serum sample after an overnight fast. LS Mean was determined by MMRM model with Baseline + Pooled Country + Baseline Metformin Use (Yes, No) + Baseline HbA1c Group (<= 8.0%, >8.0%) + Treatment + Time + Treatment*Time (Type III sum of squares) as variables. (NCT04039503)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 40
| Intervention | milligram per Deciliter (mg/dL) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| 5 mg Tirzepatide | -61.4 |
| 10 mg Tirzepatide | -67.9 |
| 15 mg Tirzepatide | -67.7 |
| Placebo | -38.9 |
HbA1c is the glycosylated fraction of hemoglobin A. HbA1c is measured primarily to identify average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. Least Squares (LS) mean was determined by mixed-model repeated measures (MMRM) model with Baseline + Baseline Metformin Use (Yes, No) + Pooled Country + Treatment + Time + Treatment*Time (Type III sum of squares). (NCT04039503)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 40
| Intervention | Percentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| 5 mg Tirzepatide | -2.23 |
| Placebo | -0.93 |
HbA1c is the glycosylated fraction of hemoglobin A. HbA1c is measured primarily to identify average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. Least Squares (LS) mean was determined by mixed-model repeated measures (MMRM) model with Baseline + Baseline Metformin Use (Yes, No) + Pooled Country + Treatment + Time + Treatment*Time (Type III sum of squares). (NCT04039503)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 40
| Intervention | Percentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| 10 mg Tirzepatide | -2.59 |
| 15 mg Tirzepatide | -2.59 |
| Placebo | -0.93 |
The self-monitored plasma glucose (SMBG) data were collected at the following 7 time points: Morning Premeal - Fasting, Morning 2-hour Postmeal, Midday Premeal, Midday 2-hour Postmeal, Evening Premeal, Evening 2-hour Postmeal and Bedtime. Least Squares (LS) mean was determined by mixed-model repeated measures (MMRM) model with Baseline + Baseline HbA1c Group (<= 8.0%, >8.0%) + Baseline Metformin Use (Yes, No) + Pooled Country + Treatment (Type III sum of squares). (NCT04039503)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 40
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| 5 mg Tirzepatide | -67.1 |
| 10 mg Tirzepatide | -71.7 |
| 15 mg Tirzepatide | -73.7 |
| Placebo | -39.4 |
LS mean was calculated using MMRM model with log (Baseline) + Baseline Metformin Use (Yes, No) + Pooled Country + Baseline HbA1c Group (<= 8.0%, >8.0%) + Treatment + Time + Treatment*Time (Type III sum of squares) as variables. (NCT04039503)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 40
| Intervention | International Units (IU) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| 5 mg Tirzepatide | 13.0 |
| 10 mg Tirzepatide | 8.1 |
| 15 mg Tirzepatide | -11.4 |
| Placebo | 75.0 |
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is the glycosylated fraction of hemoglobin A. HbA1c is measured to identify average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. (NCT04039503)
Timeframe: Week 40
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| 5 mg Tirzepatide | 26.09 |
| 10 mg Tirzepatide | 47.79 |
| 15 mg Tirzepatide | 62.39 |
| Placebo | 2.54 |
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is the glycosylated fraction of hemoglobin A.HbA1c is measured to identify average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. (NCT04039503)
Timeframe: Week 40
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| 5 mg Tirzepatide | 93.04 |
| 10 mg Tirzepatide | 97.35 |
| 15 mg Tirzepatide | 94.02 |
| Placebo | 33.90 |
Percentage of Participants who Achieved Weight Loss ≥5%. (NCT04039503)
Timeframe: Week 40
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| 5 mg Tirzepatide | 53.91 |
| 10 mg Tirzepatide | 64.60 |
| 15 mg Tirzepatide | 84.62 |
| Placebo | 5.93 |
AUC is a combined measure obtained from Week 7, 15, 23 and 39 and a single averaged measure of AUC was reported. (NCT04039503)
Timeframe: Week 7, 15, 23 and 39 post dose
| Intervention | nanogram*hour per milliliter (ng*h/mL) (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| 5 mg Tirzepatide | 79700 |
| 10 mg Tirzepatide | 164000 |
| 15 mg Tirzepatide | 246000 |
The hypoglycemia events were defined by participant reported events with blood glucose <54mg/dL) (<3.0 mmol/L] or severe hypoglycemia. Severe hypoglycemia is defined as an episode with severe cognitive impairment requiring the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. These episodes may be associated with sufficient neuroglycopenia to induce seizure or coma. The rate of postbaseline hypoglycemia was estimated by negative binomial model: number of episodes = Pooled Country + Baseline Metformin Use (Yes, No) + Baseline HbA1c Group (<= 8.0%, >8.0%) + Treatment, with log (exposure in days/365.25) as an offset variable. (NCT04039503)
Timeframe: Baseline through Safety Follow-Up (Up to Week 44)
| Intervention | Episodes/participant/365.25 days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 5 mg Tirzepatide | 0.49 |
| 10 mg Tirzepatide | 0.66 |
| 15 mg Tirzepatide | 0.38 |
| Placebo | 0.51 |
Nude body weight. Value is the difference between the placebo and antihypertensive medication. (NCT03019796)
Timeframe: Subject tested before and after 4 months of training. At baseline tested with and without medication separated 72 hours. Post training tested with and without medication separated 72 hours.
| Intervention | kg (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| BEFORE TRAINING | AFTER TRAINING | |
| MEDICATED | 92.1 | 90.0 |
| PLACEBO | 92.5 | 90.8 |
Determined using a ECG-gated automated sphygmomanometer. Value is the difference between the placebo and antihypertensive medication. (NCT03019796)
Timeframe: Subject tested before and after 4 months of training. At baseline tested with and without medication separated 72 hours. Post training tested with and without medication separated 72 hours.
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| BEFORE TRAINING | AFTER TRAINING | |
| MEDICATED | 75 | 72 |
| PLACEBO | 79 | 77 |
"Index of cardiorespiratory fitness assessed during an incremental cycle-ergometer test using an indirect calorimetry system.~Value is the difference between the placebo and antihypertensive medication." (NCT03019796)
Timeframe: Subject tested before and after 4 months of training. At baseline tested with and without medication separated 72 hours. Post training tested with and without medication separated 72 hours.
| Intervention | Liters of O2/kg weight/min (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| BEFORE TRAINING | AFTER TRAINING | |
| MEDICATED | 2.26 | 2.49 |
| PLACEBO | 2.26 | 2.49 |
"Calculated in grams per min during the incremental cycloergometer test wih the use of indirect calorimetry system.~Value is the difference between the placebo and antihypertensive medication." (NCT03019796)
Timeframe: Subject tested before and after 4 months of training. At baseline tested with and without medication separated 72 hours. Post training tested with and without medication separated 72 hours.
| Intervention | grams/min (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| BEFORE TRAINING | AFTER TRAINING | |
| MEDICATED | 0.24 | 0.28 |
| PLACEBO | 0.24 | 0.28 |
Determined using a ECG-gated automated sphygmomanometer. Value is the difference between the placebo and antihypertensive medication. (NCT03019796)
Timeframe: Subject tested before and after 4 months of training. At baseline tested with and without medication separated 72 hours. Post training tested with and without medication separated 72 hours.
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| BEFORE TRAINING | AFTER TRAINING | |
| MEDICATED | 92 | 89 |
| PLACEBO | 97 | 96 |
Determined using a ECG-gated automated sphygmomanometer. Value is the difference between the placebo and antihypertensive medication. (NCT03019796)
Timeframe: Subject tested before and after 4 months of training. At baseline tested with and without medication separated 72 hours. Post training tested with and without medication separated 72 hours.
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| BEFORE TRAINING | AFTER TRAINING | |
| MEDICATED | 126 | 124 |
| PLACEBO | 134 | 133 |
2-hour plasma glucose excursion = 2-hour PPG value minus plasma glucose value obtained 30 minutes prior to the start of meal and before investigational medicinal product (IMP) administration if IMP was injected before breakfast. Change in plasma glucose excursions were calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 value. Missing data was imputed using LOCF. (NCT02787551)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination (FRC) | -1.51 |
| GLP-1 Receptor Agonist | -0.52 |
2-hour plasma glucose excursion = 2-hour PPG value minus plasma glucose value obtained 30 minutes prior to the start of meal and before IMP administration if IMP was injected before breakfast. Change in plasma glucose excursions were calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 52 value. Missing data was imputed using LOCF. (NCT02787551)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination (FRC) | -1.85 |
The 2-hour PPG test measured blood glucose 2 hours after eating a liquid standardized breakfast meal. Change in PPG was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 value. Missing data was imputed using last observation carried forward (LOCF). (NCT02787551)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination (FRC) | -3.96 |
| GLP-1 Receptor Agonist | -1.11 |
The 2-hour PPG test measured blood glucose 2 hours after eating a liquid standardized breakfast meal. Change in PPG was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 52 value. Missing data was imputed using LOCF. (NCT02787551)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination (FRC) | -4.30 |
Change in body weight was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 value. (NCT02787551)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26
| Intervention | kilogram (kg) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination (FRC) | 1.89 |
| GLP-1 Receptor Agonist | -1.14 |
Change in body weight was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 52 value. (NCT02787551)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination (FRC) | 2.78 |
Change in FPG was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 value. Adjusted LS means and SE were obtained from MMRM to account for missing data using all available post baseline data during the 26 week treatment period. (NCT02787551)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26
| Intervention | millimoles per litre (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination (FRC) | -2.28 |
| GLP-1 Receptor Agonist | -0.60 |
Change in FPG was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 52 value. (NCT02787551)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination (FRC) | -2.27 |
Change in HbA1c was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 value. Adjusted least squares (LS) mean and standard error (SE) were obtained from Mixed-effect model with repeated measures (MMRM) to account for missing data using all available post baseline data during the 26 week treatment period. (NCT02787551)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination (FRC) | -1.02 |
| GLP-1 Receptor Agonist | -0.38 |
Change in HbA1c was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 52 value. (NCT02787551)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52
| Intervention | percentage of HbA1c (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination (FRC) | -1.01 |
The 7-point SMPG profile was measured at the following 7 points: pre-prandial and 2 hours postprandial for breakfast, lunch, dinner and at bedtime. Two hours postprandial (breakfast, lunch and dinner) was defined as 2 hours after the start of the meal. Adjusted LS means and SE were obtained from MMRM to account for missing data using all available post baseline data during the 26 week treatment period. (NCT02787551)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination (FRC) | -1.69 |
| GLP-1 Receptor Agonist | -0.67 |
The 7-point SMPG profile was measured at the following 7 points: pre-prandial and 2 hours postprandial for breakfast, lunch, dinner and at bedtime. Two hours postprandial (breakfast, lunch and dinner) was defined as 2 hours after the start of the meal. (NCT02787551)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination (FRC) | -1.68 |
Routine HbA1c value was used to determine the requirement of rescue medication. Threshold values at Week 12 or later on Week 12: HbA1c >8%. (NCT02787551)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination (FRC) | 4.8 |
| GLP-1 Receptor Agonist | 15.0 |
Routine HbA1c value was used to determine the requirement of rescue medication. Threshold values at Week 12 or later on Week 12: HbA1c >8%. (NCT02787551)
Timeframe: From Week 26 to Week 52
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination (FRC) | 1.5 |
Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event during which symptoms of hypoglycemia were accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration of <=3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL). Hypoglycemic episodes with plasma glucose of <3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL) were also analyzed. (NCT02787551)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 26
| Intervention | events per participant-year (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia(<=3.9 mmol/L) | Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia (<3.0 mmol/L) | |
| GLP-1 Receptor Agonist | 0.08 | 0.01 |
| Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination (FRC) | 1.54 | 0.25 |
Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event during which symptoms of hypoglycemia were accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration of <=3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL). Hypoglycemic episodes with plasma glucose of <3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL) were also analyzed. (NCT02787551)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 52
| Intervention | events per participant-year (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia(<=3.9 mmol/L) | Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia (<3.0 mmol/L) | |
| Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination (FRC) | 1.59 | 0.24 |
Participants without any available HbA1c assessment at Week 52 were considered as non-responders. (NCT02787551)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| HbA1c <7% | HbA1c <=6.5% | |
| Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination (FRC) | 64.1 | 42.7 |
Participants without any available HbA1c assessment at Week 26 were considered as non-responders. (NCT02787551)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| HbA1c <7% | HbA1c <=6.5% | |
| GLP-1 Receptor Agonist | 25.7 | 9.9 |
| Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination (FRC) | 61.9 | 40.5 |
All events (first and recurrent) of the composite of CV death and HHF were assessed using an Andersen-Gill model. Person-years were calculated as the sum of time from randomization to end of follow-up. The on-study approach included events that occurred between the randomization date and the on-study censor date. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 6 years
| Intervention | Events per 100 Person-years (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 2.92 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 2.71 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 3.42 |
| All Ertugliflozin (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 2.82 |
All events (first and recurrent) of the composite of MACE (3-point major adverse cardiovascular events: cardiovascular (CV) death (including fatal stroke and fatal myocardial infarction (MI)), non-fatal MI, and non-fatal stroke) were assessed using Andersen-Gill model. The on-study approach included events that occurred between the randomization date and the on-study censor date. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 6 years
| Intervention | Events per 100 Person-years (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 4.35 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 4.91 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 4.59 |
| All Ertugliflozin (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 4.63 |
A1C is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). A1C represents the percentage of glycated hemoglobin. This baseline reflects the Week 0 A1C. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | A1C Percentage (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Insulin +/- Metformin Glycemic Sub-study) | 8.45 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Insulin +/- Metformin Glycemic Sub-study) | 8.38 |
| Placebo (Ins+/-Met Sub-study) | 8.39 |
A1C is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). A1C represents the percentage of glycated hemoglobin. This baseline reflects Week 0 A1C. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | A1C Percentage (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Metformin With Sulfonylurea Glycemic Sub-study) | 8.39 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Metformin With Sulfonylurea Glycemic Sub-study) | 8.30 |
| Placebo (Metformin With Sulfonylurea Glycemic Sub-study) | 8.27 |
A1C is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). A1C represents the percentage of glycated hemoglobin. This baseline reflects the Week 0 A1C. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | A1C Percentage (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Sulfonylurea Monotherapy Glycemic Sub-Study) | 8.27 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Sulfonylurea Monotherapy Glycemic Sub-Study) | 8.39 |
| Placebo (Sulfonylurea Monotherapy Glycemic Sub-Study) | 8.21 |
Baseline reflects Week 0 insulin dose. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | Unit/day (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Insulin +/- Metformin Glycemic Sub-study) | 70.76 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Insulin +/- Metformin Glycemic Sub-study) | 67.29 |
| Placebo (Insulin +/- Metformin Glycemic Sub-study) | 73.20 |
Baseline reflects Week 0 insulin dose. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | Units/Day (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 63.82 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 62.15 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 65.74 |
Baseline reflects Week 0 serum creatinine. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.992 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.985 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.991 |
| All Ertugliflozin (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.998 |
Baseline reflects Week 0 albumin/creatinine ratio. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | mg/g (Median) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 18.00 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 19.00 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 19.00 |
"This change from baseline reflects the Week 18 insulin dose minus the Week 0 insulin dose. A negative number indicates a decrease in insulin dose. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. Including rescue, included data following the initiation of rescue therapy." (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 18
| Intervention | Unit/day (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Insulin +/- Metformin Glycemic Sub-study) | -0.71 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Insulin +/- Metformin Glycemic Sub-study) | -2.14 |
| Placebo (Insulin +/- Metformin Glycemic Sub-study) | -0.29 |
A1C is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). A1C represents the percentage of glycated hemoglobin. This change from baseline reflects the Month 24 A1C minus the Week 0 A1C. A negative number indicates a reduction in A1C level. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 24
| Intervention | A1C Percentage (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.48 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.46 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.08 |
A1C is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). A1C represents the percentage of glycated hemoglobin. This change from baseline reflects the Month 36 A1C minus the Week 0 A1C. A negative number indicates a reduction in A1C level. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 36
| Intervention | A1C Percentage (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.42 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.38 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.04 |
A1C is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). A1C represents the percentage of glycated hemoglobin. This change from baseline reflects the Month 48 A1C minus the Week 0 A1C. A negative number indicates a reduction in A1C level. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 48
| Intervention | A1C Percentage (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.22 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.17 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.14 |
A1C is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). A1C represents the percentage of glycated hemoglobin. This change from baseline reflects the Month 60 A1C minus the Week 0 A1C. A negative number indicates a reduction in A1C level. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 60
| Intervention | A1C Percentage (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.25 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.28 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.10 |
A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). A1C represents the percentage of glycated hemoglobin. This change from baseline reflects the Month 72 A1C minus the Week 0 A1C. A negative number indicates a reduction in A1C level. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 72
| Intervention | A1C Percentage (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.35 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.13 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.24 |
A1C is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). A1C represents the percentage of glycated hemoglobin. This change from baseline reflects the Week 52 A1C minus the Week 0 A1C. A negative number indicates a reduction in A1C level. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | A1C Percentage (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.69 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.67 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.19 |
This change from baseline reflects the Month 24 body weight minus the Week 0 body weight. A negative number indicates a reduction in body weight. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 24
| Intervention | Kilograms (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -2.75 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -3.17 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.65 |
This change from baseline reflects the Month 36 body weight minus the Week 0 body weight. A negative number indicates a reduction in body weight. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 36
| Intervention | Kilograms (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -3.03 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -3.41 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.98 |
This change from baseline reflects the Month 48 body weight minus the Week 0 body weight. A negative number indicates a reduction in body weight. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 48
| Intervention | Kilograms (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -3.39 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -3.83 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -1.29 |
This change from baseline reflects the Month 60 body weight minus the Week 0 body weight. A negative number indicates a reduction in body weight. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 60
| Intervention | Kilograms (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -3.66 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -4.58 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -1.21 |
This change from baseline reflects the Month 72 body weight minus the Week 0 body weight. A negative number indicates a reduction in body weight. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 72
| Intervention | Kilograms (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -4.18 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -7.37 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.98 |
"This change from baseline reflects the Week 18 body weight minus the Week 0 body weight. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. Excluding Rescue excluded all data following the initiation of rescue in order to avoid the confounding influence of the rescue therapy." (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 18
| Intervention | Kilograms (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Insulin +/- Metformin Glycemic Sub-study) | -1.87 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Insulin +/- Metformin Glycemic Sub-study) | -2.13 |
| Placebo (Insulin +/- Metformin Glycemic Sub-study) | -0.25 |
"This change from baseline reflects the Week 18 body weight minus the Week 0 body weight. A negative number indicates a reduction in body weight. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. Excluding Rescue excluded all data following the initiation of rescue in order to avoid the confounding influence of the rescue therapy." (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 18
| Intervention | Kilograms (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Metformin With Sulfonylurea Glycemic Sub-study) | -2.04 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Metformin With Sulfonylurea Glycemic Sub-study) | -2.41 |
| Placebo (Metformin With Sulfonylurea Glycemic Sub-study) | -0.47 |
"This change from baseline reflects the Week 18 body weight minus the Week 0 body weight. A negative number indicates a reduction in body weight. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. Excluding Rescue excluded all data following the initiation of rescue in order to avoid the confounding influence of the rescue therapy." (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 18
| Intervention | Kilograms (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -2.03 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -2.32 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.40 |
"This change from baseline reflects the Week 18 body weight minus the Week 0 body weight. A negative number indicates a reduction in body weight. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. Excluding Rescue excluded all data following the initiation of rescue in order to avoid the confounding influence of the rescue therapy." (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 18
| Intervention | Kilograms (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Sulfonylurea Monotherapy Glycemic Sub-study) | -1.75 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Sulfonylurea Monotherapy Glycemic Sub-study) | -1.20 |
| Placebo (Sulfonylurea Monotherapy Glycemic Sub-study) | -0.68 |
This change from baseline reflects the Week 52 body weight minus the Week 0 body weight. A negative number indicates a reduction in body weight. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | Kilograms (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -2.46 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -2.84 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.39 |
This change from baseline reflects the Month 24 eGFR minus the Week 0 eGFR. A negative number indicates a reduction in the eGFR level. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 24
| Intervention | mL/min/1.73 m^2 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -1.48 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -2.35 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -2.60 |
This change from baseline reflects the Month 36 eGFR minus the Week 0 eGFR. A negative number indicates a reduction in the eGFR level. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 36
| Intervention | mL/min/1.73 m^2 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -2.4 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -2.3 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -3.8 |
This change from baseline reflects the Month 48 eGFR minus the Week 0 eGFR. A negative number indicates a reduction in eGFR level. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 48
| Intervention | mL/min/1.73 m^2 (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -2.75 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -2.93 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -4.41 |
This change from baseline reflects the Month 60 eGFR minus the Week 0 eGFR. A negative number indicates a reduction in the eGFR level. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 60
| Intervention | mL/min/1.73 m^2 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -2.4 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -2.9 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -6.8 |
This change from baseline reflects the Month 72 eGFR minus the Week 0 eGFR. A negative number indicates a reduction in the eGFR level. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 72
| Intervention | mL/min/1.73 m^2 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 3.7 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.2 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -1.8 |
This change from baseline reflects the Week 18 eGFR minus the Week 0 eGFR. A negative number indicates a reduction in the eGFR level. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 18
| Intervention | mL/min/1.73 m^2 (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -1.22 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -1.81 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.03 |
This change from baseline reflects the Week 52 eGFR minus the Week 0 eGFR. A negative number indicates a reduction in eGFR level. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | mL/min/1.73 m^2 (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.51 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -1.18 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.30 |
FPG was analyzed after an overnight fast. This change from baseline reflects the Month 24 FPG minus the Week 0 FPG. A negative number indicates a reduction in FPG. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -22.09 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -24.31 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -4.39 |
FPG was analyzed after an overnight fast. This change from baseline reflects the Month 36 FPG minus the Week 0 FPG. A negative number indicates a reduction in FPG. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 36
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -19.39 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -22.59 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -3.63 |
FPG was analyzed after an overnight fast. This change from baseline reflects the Month 48 FPG minus the Week 0 FPG. A negative number indicates a reduction in FPG. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 48
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -15.28 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -16.16 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 3.59 |
FPG was analyzed after an overnight fast. This change from baseline reflects the Month 60 FPG minus the Week 0 FPG. A negative number indicates a reduction in FPG. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 60
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -13.87 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -11.15 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -4.69 |
FPG was analyzed after an overnight fast. This change from baseline reflects the Month 72 FPG minus the Week 0 FPG. A negative number indicates a reduction in FPG. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 72
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -2.46 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -84.83 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 14.56 |
"FPG was analyzed after an overnight fast. This change from baseline reflects the Week 18 FPG minus the Week 0 FPG. A negative number indicates a reduction in the FPG. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. Excluding Rescue excluded all data following the initiation of rescue in order to avoid the confounding influence of the rescue therapy." (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 18
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Insulin +/- Metformin Glycemic Sub-study) | -26.98 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Insulin +/- Metformin Glycemic Sub-study) | -33.15 |
| Placebo (Insulin +/- Metformin Glycemic Sub-study) | -7.74 |
"FPG was analyzed after an overnight fast. This change from baseline reflects the Week 18 FPG minus the Week 0 FPG. A negative number indicates a reduction in FPG. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. Excluding Rescue excluded all data following the initiation of rescue in order to avoid the confounding influence of the rescue therapy." (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 18
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Metformin With Sulfonylurea Glycemic Sub-study) | -35.28 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Metformin With Sulfonylurea Glycemic Sub-study) | -36.18 |
| Placebo (Metformin With Sulfonylurea Glycemic Sub-study) | -4.81 |
"FPG was analyzed after an overnight fast. This change from baseline reflects the Week 18 FPG minus the Week 0 FPG. A negative number indicates a reduction in FPG. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. Excluding rescue, excluded all data following the initiation of rescue in order to avoid the confounding influence of the rescue therapy." (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 18
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -32.18 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -34.64 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -17.08 |
"FPG was analyzed after an overnight fast. This change from baseline reflects the Week 18 FPG minus the Week 0 FPG. A negative number indicates a reduction in FPG. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. Excluding Rescue excluded all data following the initiation of rescue in order to avoid the confounding influence of the rescue therapy." (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 18
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Sulfonylurea Monotherapy Glycemic Sub-study) | -28.28 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Sulfonylurea Monotherapy Glycemic Sub-study) | -26.97 |
| Placebo (Sulfonylurea Monotherapy Glycemic Sub-study) | -14.76 |
FPG was analyzed after an overnight fast. This change from baseline reflects the Week 52 FPG minus the Week 0 FPG. A negative number indicates a reduction in FPG. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -28.63 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -28.97 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -8.76 |
"A1C is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). A1C represents the percentage of glycated hemoglobin. This change from baseline reflects the Week 18 A1C minus the Week 0 A1C. A negative number indicates a reduction in A1C level. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. Excluding Rescue excluded all data following the initiation of rescue in order to avoid the confounding influence of the rescue therapy." (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 18
| Intervention | A1C Percentage (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Insulin +/- Metformin Glycemic Sub-study) | -0.77 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Insulin +/- Metformin Glycemic Sub-study) | -0.84 |
| Placebo (Ins+/-Met Sub-study) | -0.19 |
"A1C is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). A1C represents the percentage of glycated hemoglobin. This change from baseline reflects the Week 18 A1C minus the Week 0 A1C. A negative number indicates a reduction in A1C level. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. Excluding Rescue excluded all data following the initiation of rescue in order to avoid the confounding influence of the rescue therapy." (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 18
| Intervention | A1C Percentage (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Metformin With Sulfonylurea Glycemic Sub-study) | -0.89 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Metformin With Sulfonylurea Glycemic Sub-study) | -0.98 |
| Placebo (Metformin With Sulfonylurea Glycemic Sub-study) | -0.23 |
"A1C is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). A1C represents the percentage of glycated hemoglobin. This change from baseline reflects the Week 18 A1C minus the Week 0 A1C. A negative number indicates a reduction in A1C level. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. Excluding Rescue excluded all data following the initiation of rescue in order to avoid the confounding influence of the rescue therapy." (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 18
| Intervention | A1C Percentage (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.70 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.72 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.22 |
"A1C is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). A1C represents the percentage of glycated hemoglobin. This change from baseline reflects the Week 18 A1C minus the Week 0 A1C. A negative number indicates a reduction in A1C level. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. Excluding Rescue excluded all data following the initiation of rescue in order to avoid the confounding influence of the rescue therapy." (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 18
| Intervention | A1C Percentage (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Sulfonylurea Monotherapy Glycemic Sub-Study) | -0.91 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Sulfonylurea Monotherapy Glycemic Sub-Study) | -0.78 |
| Placebo (Sulfonylurea Monotherapy Glycemic Sub-Study) | -0.56 |
This change from baseline reflects the Month 24 insulin dose minus the Week 0 insulin dose. A negative number indicates a reduction in the insulin dose. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 24
| Intervention | Units/Day (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.45 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -1.58 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 6.16 |
This change from baseline reflects the Month 36 insulin dose minus the Week 0 insulin dose. A negative number indicates a reduction in the insulin dose. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 36
| Intervention | Units/Day (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 1.64 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -1.92 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 7.99 |
This change from baseline reflects the Month 48 insulin dose minus the Week 0 insulin dose. A negative number indicates a reduction in the insulin dose. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 48
| Intervention | Units/Day (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 2.96 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -1.87 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 7.28 |
This change from baseline reflects the Month 60 insulin dose minus the Week 0 insulin dose. A negative number indicates a reduction in the insulin dose. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 60
| Intervention | Units/Day (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -2.47 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -1.77 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 9.42 |
This change from baseline reflects the Week 18 insulin dose minus the Week 0 insulin dose. A negative number indicates a reduction in the insulin dose. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 18
| Intervention | Units/Day (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 1.05 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.81 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 3.71 |
This change from baseline reflects the Week 52 insulin dose minus the Week 0 insulin dose. A negative number indicates a reduction in the insulin dose. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | Units/Day (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.84 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -1.69 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 5.57 |
This change from baseline reflects the Month 24 serum creatinine minus the Week 0 serum creatinine. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.024 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.035 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.034 |
This change from baseline reflects the Month 36 serum creatinine minus the Week 0 serum creatinine. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 36
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.037 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.035 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.049 |
This change from baseline reflects the Month 48 serum creatinine minus the Week 0 serum creatinine. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 48
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.032 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.036 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.059 |
This change from baseline reflects the Month 60 serum creatinine minus the Week 0 serum creatinine. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 60
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.027 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.042 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.098 |
This change from baseline reflects the Month 72 serum creatinine minus the Week 0 serum creatinine. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 72
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.034 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.001 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.013 |
This change from baseline reflects the Week 18 serum creatinine minus the Week 0 serum creatinine. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 18
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.022 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.032 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.002 |
This change from baseline reflects the Week 52 serum creatinine minus the Week 0 serum creatinine. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.013 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.023 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.004 |
"This change from baseline reflects the Week 18 DBP minus the Week 0 DBP. A negative number indicates a reduction in DBP. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. Excluding Rescue excluded all data following the initiation of rescue in order to avoid the confounding influence of the rescue therapy." (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 18
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Metformin With Sulfonylurea Glycemic Sub-study) | -0.30 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Metformin With Sulfonylurea Glycemic Sub-study) | -0.92 |
| Placebo (Metformin With Sulfonylurea Glycemic Sub-study) | -0.24 |
"This change from baseline reflects the Week 18 DBP minus the Week 0 DBP. A negative number indicates a reduction in DBP. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. Excluding Rescue excluded all data following the initiation of rescue in order to avoid the confounding influence of the rescue therapy." (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 18
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Sulfonylurea Monotherapy Glycemic Sub-study) | -1.18 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Sulfonylurea Monotherapy Glycemic Sub-study) | -0.93 |
| Placebo (Sulfonylurea Monotherapy Glycemic Sub-study) | -2.91 |
This change from baseline reflects the Month 24 DBP minus the Week 0 DBP. A negative number indicates a reduction in DBP. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 24
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.94 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.90 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.23 |
This change from baseline reflects the Month 36 DBP minus the Week 0 DBP. A negative number indicates a reduction in DBP. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 36
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -1.27 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.92 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.22 |
This change from baseline reflects the Month 48 DBP minus the Week 0 DBP. A negative number indicates a reduction in DBP. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 48
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -1.45 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -1.42 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.64 |
This change from baseline reflects the Month 60 DBP minus the Week 0 DBP. A negative number indicates a reduction in DBP. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 60
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -1.82 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -1.43 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -1.26 |
This change from baseline reflects the Month 72 DBP minus the Week 0 DBP. A negative number indicates a reduction in DBP. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 72
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -2.18 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 1.86 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 7.29 |
"This change from baseline reflects the Week 18 DBP minus the Week 0 BBP. A negative number indicates a reduction in DBP. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. Excluding Rescue excluded all data following the initiation of rescue in order to avoid the confounding influence of the rescue therapy." (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 18
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Insulin +/- Metformin Glycemic Sub-study) | -0.86 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Insulin +/- Metformin Glycemic Sub-study) | -0.64 |
| Placebo (Insulin +/- Metformin Glycemic Sub-study) | -0.26 |
"This change from baseline reflects the Week 18 DBP minus the Week 0 DBP. A negative number indicates a reduction in DBP. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. Excluding rescue, excluded all data following the initiation of rescue in order to avoid the confounding influence of the rescue therapy." (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 18
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.99 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -1.08 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.12 |
This change from baseline reflects the Week 52 DBP minus the Week 0 DBP. A negative number indicates a reduction in DBP. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.97 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.95 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.15 |
This change from baseline reflects the Month 24 SBP minus the Week 0 SBP. A negative number indicates a reduction in SBP. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 24
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -1.80 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -1.82 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.90 |
This change from baseline reflects the Month 36 SBP minus the Week 0 SBP. A negative number indicates a reduction in SBP. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 36
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -1.55 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -1.21 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.84 |
This change from baseline reflects the Month 48 SBP minus the Week 0 SBP. A negative number indicates a reduction in SBP. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 48
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -2.07 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -2.26 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.53 |
This change from baseline reflects the Month 60 SBP minus the Week 0 SBP. A negative number indicates a reduction in SBP. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 60
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -2.18 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -1.87 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.62 |
This change from baseline reflects the Month 72 SBP minus the Week 0 SBP. A negative number indicates a reduction in SBP. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 72
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 1.28 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -3.46 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 2.72 |
"This change from baseline reflects the Week 18 SBP minus the Week 0 SBP. A negative number indicates a reduction in SBP. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. Excluding Rescue excluded all data following the initiation of rescue in order to avoid the confounding influence of the rescue therapy." (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 18
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Insulin +/- Metformin Glycemic Sub-study) | -2.67 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Insulin +/- Metformin Glycemic Sub-study) | -2.12 |
| Placebo (Insulin +/- Metformin Glycemic Sub-study) | 0.20 |
"This change from baseline reflects the Week 18 SBP minus the Week 0 SBP. A negative number indicates a reduction in SBP. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. Excluding Rescue excluded all data following the initiation of rescue in order to avoid the confounding influence of the rescue therapy." (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 18
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Metformin With Sulfonylurea Glycemic Sub-study) | -2.26 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Metformin With Sulfonylurea Glycemic Sub-study) | -1.54 |
| Placebo (Metformin With Sulfonylurea Glycemic Sub-study) | -0.70 |
"This change from baseline reflects the Week 18 SBP minus the Week 0 SBP. A negative number indicates a reduction in SBP. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. Excluding rescue, excluded all data following the initiation of rescue in order to avoid the confounding influence of the rescue therapy." (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 18
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -2.51 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -2.75 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.03 |
"This change from baseline reflects the Week 18 SBP minus the Week 0 SBP. A negative number indicates a reduction in SBP. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. Excluding Rescue excluded all data following the initiation of rescue in order to avoid the confounding influence of the rescue therapy." (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 18
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Sulfonylurea Monotherapy Glycemic Sub-study) | -0.72 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Sulfonylurea Monotherapy Glycemic Sub-study) | -0.80 |
| Placebo (Sulfonylurea Monotherapy Glycemic Sub-study) | -3.53 |
This change from baseline reflects the Week 52 sitting SBP minus the Week 0 SBP. A negative number indicates a reduction in SBP. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -1.84 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -2.41 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.75 |
This percent change relative to baseline reflects the Month 24 albumin/creatinine ratio minus the Week 0 albumin/creatinine ratio. This difference was divided by the baseline to obtain the percent change. A negative number indicates a reduction in urinary albumin/creatinine ratio. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 24
| Intervention | Percent Change (Median) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -0.73 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 1.06 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 17.14 |
This percent change relative to baseline reflects the Month 36 albumin/creatinine ratio minus the Week 0 albumin/creatinine ratio. This difference was divided by the baseline to obtain the percent change. A negative number indicates a reduction in urinary albumin/creatinine ratio. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 36
| Intervention | Percent Change (Median) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 13.33 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 3.33 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 27.03 |
This percent change relative to baseline reflects the Month 48 albumin/creatinine ratio minus the Week 0 albumin/creatinine ratio. This difference was divided by the baseline to obtain the percent change. A negative number indicates a reduction in albumin/creatinine ratio. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 48
| Intervention | Percent Change (Median) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 33.33 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 21.25 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 50.00 |
This percent change relative to baseline reflects the Month 60 albumin/creatinine ratio minus the Week 0 albumin/creatinine ratio. This difference was divided by the baseline to obtain the percent change. A negative number indicates a reduction in albumin/creatinine ratio. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 60
| Intervention | Percent Change (Median) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 30.99 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 20.00 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 48.53 |
This percent change relative to baseline reflects the Week 18 albumin/creatinine ratio minus the Week 0 albumin/creatinine ratio. This difference was divided by the baseline to obtain the percent change. A negative number indicates a reduction in the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 18
| Intervention | Percent Change (Median) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -13.40 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -14.71 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.00 |
This percent change relative to baseline reflects the Week 52 albumin/creatinine ratio minus the Week 0 albumin/creatinine ratio. This difference was divided by the baseline to obtain the percent change. A negative number indicates a reduction in the albumin/creatinine ratio. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | Percent Change (Median) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -2.53 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | -6.82 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 5.41 |
An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure, that occurs during the course of the study. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Up to 18 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Insulin +/- Metformin Glycemic Sub-study) | 2.9 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Insulin +/- Metformin Glycemic Sub-study) | 3.8 |
| Placebo (Insulin +/- Metformin Glycemic Sub-study) | 3.7 |
An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure, that occurs during the course of the study. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Up to 18 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Metformin With Sulfonylurea Glycemic Sub-study) | 0 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Metformin With Sulfonylurea Glycemic Sub-study) | 2.7 |
| Placebo (Metformin With Sulfonylurea Glycemic Sub-study) | 1.7 |
An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure, that occurs during the course of the study. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 6 years
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 7.5 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 7.3 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 6.8 |
An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure, that occurs during the course of the study. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Up to 18 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Sulfonylurea Monotherapy Glycemic Sub-study) | 3.6 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Sulfonylurea Monotherapy Glycemic Sub-study) | 1.9 |
| Placebo (Sulfonylurea Monotherapy Glycemic Sub-study) | 2.1 |
An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure, that occurs during the course of the study. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Up to 18 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Insulin +/- Metformin Glycemic Sub-study) | 59.2 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Insulin +/- Metformin Glycemic Sub-study) | 62.4 |
| Placebo (Insulin +/- Metformin Glycemic Sub-study) | 61.1 |
An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure, that occurs during the course of the study. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Up to 18 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Metformin With Sulfonylurea Glycemic Sub-study) | 48.0 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Metformin With Sulfonylurea Glycemic Sub-study) | 54.9 |
| Placebo (Metformin With Sulfonylurea Glycemic Sub-study) | 47.0 |
An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure, that occurs during the course of the study. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 6 years
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 85.8 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 84.6 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 85.6 |
An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure, that occurs during the course of the study. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Up to 18 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Sulfonylurea Monotherapy Glycemic Sub-study) | 47.3 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Sulfonylurea Monotherapy Glycemic Sub-study) | 25.9 |
| Placebo (Sulfonylurea Monotherapy Glycemic Sub-study) | 45.8 |
A1C is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). A1C represents the percentage of glycated hemoglobin. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Month 24
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 9.2 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 8.6 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 5.8 |
A1C is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). A1C represents the percentage of glycated hemoglobin. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Month 36
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 7.9 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 8.0 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 5.8 |
A1C is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). A1C represents the percentage of glycated hemoglobin. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Month 48
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 8.1 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 9.1 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 7.5 |
A1C is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). A1C represents the percentage of glycated hemoglobin. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Month 60
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 5.3 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 9.5 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 6.5 |
A1C is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). A1C represents the percentage of glycated hemoglobin. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Week 18
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 9.0 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 8.8 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 4.7 |
A1C is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). A1C represents the percentage of glycated hemoglobin. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 9.4 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 10.9 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 6.1 |
A1C is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). A1C represents the percentage of glycated hemoglobin. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Month 24
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 23.9 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 23.8 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 16.6 |
A1C is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). A1C represents the percentage of glycated hemoglobin. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Month 36
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 23.1 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 22.7 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 16.9 |
A1C is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). A1C represents the percentage of glycated hemoglobin. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Month 48
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 24.9 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 22.7 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 18.2 |
A1C is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). A1C represents the percentage of glycated hemoglobin. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Month 60
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 18.6 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 20.0 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 16.5 |
"A1C is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). A1C represents the percentage of glycated hemoglobin. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. Excluding Rescue excluded all data following the initiation of rescue in order to avoid the confounding influence of the rescue therapy." (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Week 18
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Insulin +/- Metformin Glycemic Sub-study) | 20.7 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Insulin +/- Metformin Glycemic Sub-study) | 21.1 |
| Placebo (Insulin +/- Metformin Glycemic Sub-study) | 10.7 |
"A1C is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). A1C represents the percentage of glycated hemoglobin. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. Excluding Rescue excluded all data following the initiation of rescue in order to avoid the confounding influence of the rescue therapy." (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Week 18
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Metformin With Sulfonylurea Glycemic Sub-study) | 37.0 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Metformin With Sulfonylurea Glycemic Sub-study) | 32.7 |
| Placebo (Metformin With Sulfonylurea Glycemic Sub-study) | 12.8 |
"A1C is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). A1C represents the percentage of glycated hemoglobin. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. Excluding Rescue excluded all data following the initiation of rescue in order to avoid the confounding influence of the rescue therapy." (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Week 18
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Sulfonylurea Monotherapy Glycemic Sub-study) | 32.7 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Sulfonylurea Monotherapy Glycemic Sub-study) | 27.8 |
| Placebo (Sulfonylurea Monotherapy Glycemic Sub-study) | 25.0 |
A1C is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). A1C represents the percentage of glycated hemoglobin. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Week 18
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 28.4 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 28.2 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 15.5 |
A1C is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). A1C represents the percentage of glycated hemoglobin. Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 28.3 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 29.0 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 17.4 |
Time to First Occurrence of Fatal or Non-fatal Myocardial Infarction. The on-study approach included confirmed events that occurred between the randomization date and the on-study censor date. Person-years was calculated as the sum of participants' time to first event or time to censoring (the earliest of participants' end of study date, death date, or last contact date). (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 6 years
| Intervention | Events per 100 Person-years (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 1.55 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 2.00 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 1.70 |
| All Ertugliflozin (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 1.77 |
Time to the first occurrence of fatal and no-fatal stroke. The on-study approach included confirmed events that occurred between the randomization date and the on-study censor date. Person-years was calculated as the sum of participants' time to first event or time to censoring (the earliest of participants' end of study date, death date, or last contact date). The on-study approach included events that occurred between the randomization date and the on-study censor date. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 6 years
| Intervention | Events per 100 Person-years (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.92 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 1.04 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.93 |
| All Ertugliflozin (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.98 |
Time to the first occurrence of heart failure requiring hospitalization (adjudicated). The on-study approach included confirmed events that occurred between the randomization date and the on-study censor date. Person-years was calculated as the sum of participants' time to first event or time to censoring (the earliest of participants' end of study date, death date, or last contact date). The on-study approach included events that occurred between the randomization date and the on-study censor date. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 6 years
| Intervention | Events per 100 Person-years (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.75 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.72 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 1.05 |
| All Ertugliflozin (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.73 |
Time to the first occurrence of any of the following adjudicated components of the primary composite endpoint (3-point major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)): cardiovascular (CV) death (including fatal stroke and fatal myocardial infarction (MI)), non-fatal MI, and non-fatal stroke. The on-treatment approach included confirmed events that occurred between the date of first dose of study medication and the on-treatment censor date. Person-years was calculated as the sum of participants' time to first event or time to censoring (the earliest of participants' end of study date, death date, last contact date, or 365 days after the last dose). (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 6 years
| Intervention | Events per 100 Person-years (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 3.64 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 4.16 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 4.01 |
| All Ertugliflozin (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 3.90 |
Time to the first occurrence of any of the following adjudicated components 4-point MACE: cardiovascular death (including fatal stroke and fatal myocardial infarction), non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, and hospitalization for unstable angina pectoris. The on-study approach included confirmed events that occurred between the randomization date and the on-study censor date. Person-years was calculated as the sum of participants' time to first event or time to censoring (the earliest of participants' end of study date, death date, or last contact date). The on-study approach included events that occurred between the randomization date and the on-study censor date. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 6 years
| Intervention | Events per 100 Person-years (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 4.42 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 4.67 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 4.92 |
| All Ertugliflozin (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 4.54 |
Renal composite endpoint was defined as a composite of renal death, renal dialysis/transplant, or doubling of serum creatinine from baseline. The on-study approach included events that occurred between the randomization date and the on-study censor date. Person-years was calculated as the sum of participants' time to first event or time to censoring (the earliest of participants' end of study date, death date, or last contact date). The on-study approach included events that occurred between the randomization date and the on-study censor date. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 6 years
| Intervention | Events per 100 Person-years (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.87 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.98 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 1.15 |
| All Ertugliflozin (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 0.93 |
Participants who were not on insulin therapy at the start of study medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 6 years
| Intervention | Days (Median) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 602 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 650 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 482 |
Time to the occurrence of any of the following adjudicated components of cardiovascular (CV) death (including fatal stroke and fatal myocardial infarction (MI)) or hospitalization for heart failure. The on-study approach included confirmed events that occurred between the randomization date and the on-study censor date. Person-years was calculated as the sum of participants' time to event or time to censoring (the earliest of participants' end of study date, death date, or last contact date). (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 6 years
| Intervention | Events per 100 Person-years (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 2.36 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 2.33 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 2.66 |
| All Ertugliflozin (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 2.34 |
Time to the occurrence of cardiovascular (CV) death (including fatal stroke and fatal myocardial infarction (MI)). The on-study approach included confirmed events that occurred between the randomization date and the on-study censor date. Person-years was calculated as the sum of participants' time to CV death or time to censoring (the earliest of participants' end of study date or date last known to be alive). (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 6 years
| Intervention | Events per 100 Person-years (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 1.77 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 1.74 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 1.90 |
| All Ertugliflozin (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 1.76 |
Time to the occurrence of death from any cause. The on-study approach included confirmed events that occurred between the randomization date and the on-study censor date. Person-years was calculated as the sum of participants' time to event or time to censoring (the earliest of participants' end of study date, death date, last contact date, or date last known to be alive. The on-study approach included events that occurred between the randomization date and the on-study censor date. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Up to approximately 6 years
| Intervention | Events per 100 Person-years (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 2.42 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 2.46 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 2.62 |
| All Ertugliflozin (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 2.44 |
Participants who met glycemic rescue criteria received open-label sitagliptin glycemic rescue medication. (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Up to 18 weeks
| Intervention | Days (Median) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 59.0 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 51.0 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 74.0 |
Albuminuria progression and regression were assessed relative to the baseline albuminuria category. Progression was defined as either a change from having normal albuminuria at baseline to micro-albuminuria at the respective visit, or micro-albuminuria at baseline to macro-albuminuria at the respective visit, or normal albuminuria at baseline to macro-albuminuria at the respective visit. Regression was defined as either a change from having micro-albuminuria at baseline to normal albuminuria at the respective visit, or macro-albuminuria at baseline to micro-albuminuria at the respective visit, or macro-albuminuria at baseline to normal albuminuria at the respective visit. Normal albuminuria: urine albumin to urinary creatinine ratio (UACR) <30 (mg/g); Micro-albuminuria: UACR ≥30 and ≤300 (mg/g); Macro-albuminuria: UACR>300 (mg/g). (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Month 24
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Percentage of Participants with albuminuria progression | Percentage of Participants with albuminuria regression | |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 11.0 | 13.8 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 12.1 | 14.3 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 16.9 | 9.9 |
Albuminuria progression and regression were assessed relative to the baseline albuminuria category. Progression was defined as either a change from having normal albuminuria at baseline to micro-albuminuria at the respective visit, or micro-albuminuria at baseline to macro-albuminuria at the respective visit, or normal albuminuria at baseline to macro-albuminuria at the respective visit. Regression was defined as either a change from having micro-albuminuria at baseline to normal albuminuria at the respective visit, or macro-albuminuria at baseline to micro-albuminuria at the respective visit, or macro-albuminuria at baseline to normal albuminuria at the respective visit. Normal albuminuria: urine albumin to urinary creatinine ratio (UACR) <30 (mg/g); Micro-albuminuria: UACR ≥30 and ≤300 (mg/g); Macro-albuminuria: UACR>300 (mg/g). (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Month 36
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Participants with albuminuria progression | Participants with albuminuria regression | |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 12.5 | 14.3 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 14.6 | 13.8 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 18.1 | 11.0 |
Albuminuria progression and regression were assessed relative to the baseline albuminuria category. Progression was defined as either a change from having normal albuminuria at baseline to micro-albuminuria at the respective visit, or micro-albuminuria at baseline to macro-albuminuria at the respective visit, or normal albuminuria at baseline to macro-albuminuria at the respective visit. Regression was defined as either a change from having micro-albuminuria at baseline to normal albuminuria at the respective visit, or macro-albuminuria at baseline to micro-albuminuria at the respective visit, or macro-albuminuria at baseline and normal albuminuria at the respective visit. Normal albuminuria: urine albumin to urinary creatinine ratio (UACR) <30 (mg/g); Micro-albuminuria: UACR ≥30 and ≤300 (mg/g); Macro-albuminuria: UACR>300 (mg/g). (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Month 48
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Percentage of Participants with albuminuria progression | Percentage of Participants with albuminuria regression | |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 14.9 | 12.2 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 19.5 | 11.6 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 21.5 | 9.9 |
Albuminuria progression and regression were assessed relative to the baseline albuminuria category. Progression was defined as either a change from having normal albuminuria at baseline to micro albuminuria at the respective visit, or micro-albuminuria at baseline to macro-albuminuria at the respective visit, or normal albuminuria at baseline to macro-albuminuria at the respective visit. Regression was defined as either a change from having micro-albuminuria at baseline to normal albuminuria at the respective visit, or macro-albuminuria at baseline to micro-albuminuria at the respective visit, or macro-albuminuria at baseline to normal albuminuria at the respective visit. Normal albuminuria: urine albumin to urinary creatinine ratio (UACR) <30 (mg/g); Micro-albuminuria: UACR ≥30 and ≤300 (mg/g); Macro-albuminuria: UACR>300 (mg/g). (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Month 60
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Percentage of Participants with albuminuria progression | Percentage of Participants with albuminuria regression | |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 14.7 | 14.8 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 18.6 | 11.3 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 22.1 | 10.5 |
Albuminuria progression and regression were assessed relative to the baseline albuminuria category. Progression was defined as either a change from having normal-albuminuria at baseline to micro-albuminuria at the respective visit, or micro-albuminuria at baseline to macro-albuminuria at the respective visit, or normal albuminuria at baseline to macro-albuminuria at the respective visit. Regression was defined as either a change from having micro-albuminuria at baseline to normal albuminuria at the respective visit, or macro-albuminuria at baseline to micro-albuminuria at the respective visit, or macro-albuminuria at baseline to normal albuminuria at the respective visit. Normal albuminuria: urine albumin to urinary creatinine ratio (UACR) <30 (mg/g); Micro-albuminuria: UACR ≥30 and ≤300 (mg/g); Macro-albuminuria: UACR>300 (mg/g). (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Week 18
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Percentage of Participants with albuminuria progression | Percentage of Participants with albuminuria regression | |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 7.7 | 14.7 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 7.6 | 14.9 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 10.8 | 10.7 |
Albuminuria progression and regression were assessed relative to the baseline albuminuria category. Progression was defined as either a change from having normal albuminuria at baseline to micro-albuminuria at the respective visit, or micro-albuminuria at baseline to macro-albuminuria at the respective visit, or normal albuminuria at baseline to macro-albuminuria at the respective visit. Regression was defined as either a change from having micro-albuminuria at baseline to normal albuminuria at the respective visit, or macro-albuminuria at baseline to micro-albuminuria at the respective visit, or macro-albuminuria at baseline to normal albuminuria at the respective visit. Normal albuminuria: urine albumin to urinary creatinine ratio (UACR) <30 (mg/g); Micro-albuminuria: UACR ≥30 and ≤300 (mg/g); Macro-albuminuria: UACR>300 (mg/g). (NCT01986881)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Percentage of Participants with albuminuria progression | Percentage of Participants with albuminuria regression | |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 10.2 | 14.8 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 9.5 | 14.6 |
| Placebo (Overall Cardiovascular Study) | 12.9 | 10.2 |
Estimated mean change from baseline to last assessment in body weight in the trial during the treatment period. (NCT01720446)
Timeframe: Week 0, up to week 104
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | -3.57 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | -4.88 |
| Placebo | -0.62 |
Estimated mean change from baseline to last assessment in fasting plasma glucose in the trial during the treatment period. (NCT01720446)
Timeframe: Week 0, up to week 104
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | -1.75 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | -2.11 |
| Placebo 0.5 mg | -1.02 |
| Placebo 1.0 mg | -0.88 |
Estimated mean change from baseline in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) to last assessment in the trial during the treatment period. (NCT01720446)
Timeframe: Week 0, up to week 104
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | -1.09 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | -1.41 |
| Placebo 0.5 mg | -0.44 |
| Placebo 1.0 mg | -0.36 |
Estimated ratio to baseline at week 104 during the treatment period in lipid profile (free fatty acids). (NCT01720446)
Timeframe: Week 0, up to week 104
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | 0.95 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 0.91 |
| Placebo 0.5 mg | 0.96 |
| Placebo 1.0 mg | 0.99 |
Estimated ratio to baseline in urinary albumin to creatinine ratio at week 104 during the treatment period. (NCT01720446)
Timeframe: Week 0, up to week 104
| Intervention | mg/g (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | 1.02 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 0.91 |
| Placebo 0.5 mg | 1.32 |
| Placebo 1.0 mg | 1.29 |
Estimated mean change from baseline to last assessment in the trial during the treatment period in vital signs (pulse rate). (NCT01720446)
Timeframe: Week 0, up to week 104
| Intervention | beats/min (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | 2.12 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 2.41 |
| Placebo 0.5 mg | 0.09 |
| Placebo 1.0 mg | -0.07 |
Rates (event rate per 100 years of exposure) of treatment emergent adverse events. (NCT01720446)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-109
| Intervention | Event rate per 100 years of exposure (Number) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | 330.5 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 337.0 |
| Placebo 0.5 mg | 317.4 |
| Placebo 1.0 mg | 298.3 |
Rates (event rate per 100 exposure years) of severe or blood glucose confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia defned as an episode that was severe according to the American diabetic association (ADA) classification or blood glucose (BG) confirmed by a PG value <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. (NCT01720446)
Timeframe: Week 0 - 109
| Intervention | Event rate per 100 exposure years (Number) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | 37.5 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 36.2 |
| Placebo 0.5 mg | 35.3 |
| Placebo 1.0 mg | 39.7 |
The percentage of subjects that tested positive for anti-semaglutide antibodies at any time point post-baseline during the trial, from week 0 to week 109. (NCT01720446)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-109
| Intervention | Percentage of subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | 1.4 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 2.3 |
Percentage of subjects experiencing a first event of a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), defined as cardiovascular (CV) death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), or non-fatal stroke. (NCT01720446)
Timeframe: Time from randomisation up to end of follow-up (scheduled at week 109)
| Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide | 6.6 |
| Placebo | 8.9 |
Percentage of subjects experiencing a first occurrence of all-cause death, non-fatal MI, or non-fatal stroke. (NCT01720446)
Timeframe: Time from randomisation up to end of follow-up (scheduled at week 109)
| Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide | 7.4 |
| Placebo | 9.6 |
Percentage of subjects experiencing first occurrence of an expanded composite CV outcome (defined as either MACE, revascularisation [coronary and peripheral], unstable angina requiring hospitalisation or hospitalisation for heart failure) (NCT01720446)
Timeframe: Time from randomisation up to end of follow-up (scheduled at week 109)
| Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide | 12.1 |
| Placebo | 16.0 |
Estimated ratio to baseline at week 104 during the treatment period in lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides). (NCT01720446)
Timeframe: Week 0, up to week 104
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | Triglycerides (mg/dL) | |
| Placebo 0.5 mg | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 0.96 |
| Placebo 1.0 mg | 0.99 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 0.98 |
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | 0.97 | 0.99 | 0.97 | 0.93 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 0.97 | 1.01 | 0.98 | 0.92 |
Estimated mean change from baseline to last assessment in the trial in patient reported outcomes (PRO). PRO questionnaire (SF-36v2TM) measured the individual overall health related quality of life namely bodily pain, general health, mental component summary, mental health, physical component summary, physical functioning, role-emotional, role-physical, social functioning and vitality. The PRO scores were transformed to a 0-100 scale with higher scores indicating greater health related quality of life. (NCT01720446)
Timeframe: Week 0, up to week 104
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bodily pain | General health | Mental component summary | Mental health | Physical component summary | Physical functioning | Role-emotional | Role-physical | Social functioning | Vitality | |
| Placebo 0.5 mg | 0.16 | 0.78 | -0.17 | -0.14 | 0.07 | -0.38 | -0.36 | -0.33 | -0.20 | -0.04 |
| Placebo 1.0 mg | 0.35 | 1.13 | -0.11 | -0.31 | 0.35 | -0.37 | -0.05 | 0.03 | -0.17 | 0.35 |
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | 0.66 | 1.66 | 0.0 | 0.48 | 0.76 | 0.42 | 0.17 | 0.39 | -0.25 | 0.29 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 1.82 | 2.55 | 0.86 | 1.08 | 1.74 | 1.12 | 0.89 | 1.18 | 0.97 | 1.55 |
Estimated mean change from baseline to last assessment in the trial during the treatment period in vital signs (diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure). (NCT01720446)
Timeframe: Week 0, up to week 104
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | |
| Placebo 0.5 mg | -1.42 | -2.17 |
| Placebo 1.0 mg | -1.71 | -2.78 |
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | -1.37 | -3.44 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | -1.57 | -5.37 |
Percentage of subjects experiencing an event onset for each individual component of the expanded composite cardiovascular outcomes (defined as either MACE, revascularisation [coronary and peripheral], unstable angina requiring hospitalisation or hospitalisation for heart failure). (NCT01720446)
Timeframe: Time from randomisation up to end of follow-up (scheduled at week 109)
| Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular death | Non-fatal MI | Non-fatal Stroke | Revascularisation | UAP requiring hospitalisation | Hospitalisation for heart failure | |
| Placebo | 1.9 | 3.7 | 2.5 | 4.2 | 1.3 | 2.4 |
| Semaglutide | 1.6 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 2.6 | 1.1 | 2.7 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in body weight measured at the end of treatment visit (week 83) is reported. Results are based on the in-trial observation period which started at the date of randomisation, included the period after permanent trial product discontinuation, if any and ended at the date of the follow-up visit regardless of adherence to treatment. (NCT02692716)
Timeframe: Week 0, End of treatment
| Intervention | Kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Oral Semaglutide | -4.2 |
| Placebo | -0.8 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in HbA1c measured at the end of treatment visit (week 83) is reported. Results are based on the in-trial observation period which started at the date of randomisation, included the period after permanent trial product discontinuation, if any and ended at the date of the follow-up visit regardless of adherence to treatment. (NCT02692716)
Timeframe: Week 0, End of treatment
| Intervention | Percentage of HbA1c (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Oral Semaglutide | -1.0 |
| Placebo | -0.3 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) at end of treatment visit (week 83) is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the in-trial observation period which started at the date of randomisation, included the period after permanent trial product discontinuation, if any and ended at the date of the follow-up visit regardless of adherence to treatment. (NCT02692716)
Timeframe: Week 0, End of treatment
| Intervention | Ratio of HDL-cholesterol (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Oral Semaglutide | 1.05 |
| Placebo | 1.02 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) at end of treatment visit (week 83) is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the in-trial observation period which started at the date of randomisation, included the period after permanent trial product discontinuation, if any and ended at the date of the follow-up visit regardless of adherence to treatment. (NCT02692716)
Timeframe: Week 0, End of treatment
| Intervention | Ratio of LDL-cholesterol (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Oral Semaglutide | 0.96 |
| Placebo | 0.97 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in pulse rate measured at the end of treatment visit (week 83) is reported. Results are based on the on-treatment observation period which started at the date of first dose on trial product, ended on last date on trial product +38 days (ascertainment window). (NCT02692716)
Timeframe: Week 0, End of treatment
| Intervention | Beats/minute (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Oral Semaglutide | 4 |
| Placebo | -0 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in total cholesterol (mmol/L) at the end of treatment (week 83) visit is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the in-trial observation period which started at the date of randomisation, included the period after permanent trial product discontinuation, if any and ended at the date of the follow-up visit regardless of adherence to treatment. (NCT02692716)
Timeframe: Week 0, End of treatment
| Intervention | Ratio of total cholesterol (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Oral Semaglutide | 0.97 |
| Placebo | 0.98 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in triglycerides (mmol/L) at end of treatment visit (week 83) is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the in-trial observation period which started at the date of randomisation, included the period after permanent trial product discontinuation, if any and ended at the date of the follow-up visit regardless of adherence to treatment. (NCT02692716)
Timeframe: Week 0, End of treatment
| Intervention | Ratio of triglycerides (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Oral Semaglutide | 0.92 |
| Placebo | 0.97 |
Number of serious adverse events were recorded from week 0 to week 87 in the study. Results are based on the on-treatment observation period which started at the date of first dose on trial product and ended on last date on trial product +38 days (ascertainment window). (NCT02692716)
Timeframe: Maximum treatment duration is dependent on event rates and is expected to be no longer than 19 months + 38 days of ascertainment window.
| Intervention | Events (Number) |
|---|---|
| Oral Semaglutide | 545 |
| Placebo | 618 |
Number of all-cause deaths in the study are presented. Results are based on the in-trial observation period which started at the date of randomisation, included the period after permanent trial product discontinuation, if any and ended at the date of the follow-up visit regardless of adherence to treatment. (NCT02692716)
Timeframe: Maximum treatment duration is dependent on event rates and is expected to be no longer than 19 months + 5 weeks of follow-up period.
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Oral Semaglutide | 23 |
| Placebo | 45 |
Participants experiencing first occurrence of a composite CV endpoint (defined as all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction or nonfatal stroke) are presented. Results are based on the in-trial observation period which started at the date of randomisation, included the period after permanent trial product discontinuation, if any and ended at the date of the follow-up visit regardless of adherence to treatment. (NCT02692716)
Timeframe: Maximum treatment duration is dependent on event rates and is estimated to be no longer than 19 months + 5 weeks of follow-up period.
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Oral Semaglutide | 69 |
| Placebo | 89 |
Number of participants experiencing a first event of a MACE, defined as cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or non-fatal stroke are presented. Results are based on the in-trial observation period which started at the date of randomisation, included the period after permanent trial product discontinuation, if any and ended at the date of the follow-up visit regardless of adherence to treatment. (NCT02692716)
Timeframe: Maximum treatment duration is dependent on event rates and is estimated to be no longer than 19 months + 5 weeks of follow-up period.
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Oral Semaglutide | 61 |
| Placebo | 76 |
Participants experiencing first occurrence of an expanded composite CV endpoint [defined as cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, UAP (unstable angina pectoris) requiring hospitalisation or heart failure requiring hospitalisation] are presented. Results are based on the in-trial observation period which started at the date of randomisation, included the period after permanent trial product discontinuation, if any and ended at the date of the follow-up visit regardless of adherence to treatment. (NCT02692716)
Timeframe: Maximum treatment duration is dependent on event rates and is estimated to be no longer than 19 months + 5 weeks of follow-up period.
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Oral Semaglutide | 83 |
| Placebo | 100 |
Number of participants experiencing a first event of a fatal or non-fatal myocardial infarction are presented. Results are based on the in-trial observation period which started at the date of randomisation, included the period after permanent trial product discontinuation, if any and ended at the date of the follow-up visit regardless of adherence to treatment. (NCT02692716)
Timeframe: Maximum treatment duration is dependent on event rates and is estimated to be no longer than 19 months + 5 weeks of follow-up period.
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Oral Semaglutide | 37 |
| Placebo | 35 |
Number of participants experiencing a first event of a fatal or non-fatal stroke are presented. Results are based on the in-trial observation period which started at the date of randomisation, included the period after permanent trial product discontinuation, if any and ended at the date of the follow-up visit regardless of adherence to treatment. (NCT02692716)
Timeframe: Maximum treatment duration is dependent on event rates and is estimated to be no longer than 19 months + 5 weeks of follow-up period.
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Oral Semaglutide | 13 |
| Placebo | 17 |
Number of participants who permanently discontinued trial product in ths study are presented. Results are based on the on-treatment observation period which starts at the date of first dose on trial product; ends on last date on trial product +38 days (ascertainment window). (NCT02692716)
Timeframe: Maximum treatment duration is dependent on event rates and is expected to be no longer than 19 months + 38 days of ascertainment window.
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Oral Semaglutide | 184 |
| Placebo | 104 |
Participants with eye examination findings, normal, abnormal non clinically significant (NCS) and abnormal clinically significant (CS) at baseline (week -3) and end of treatment visit (week 83) are presented. Results are based on the in-trial observation period which started at the date of randomisation, included the period after permanent trial product discontinuation, if any and ended at the date of the follow-up visit regardless of adherence to treatment. (NCT02692716)
Timeframe: Week -3, End of treatment
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Left eye fundoscopy (week -3): Normal | Left eye fundoscopy (week -3): Abnormal NCS | Left eye fundoscopy (week -3): Abnormal CS | Right eye fundoscopy (week -3): Normal | Right eye fundoscopy (week -3): Abnormal NCS | Right eye fundoscopy (week -3): Abnormal CS | Left eye fundoscopy (EOT): Normal | Left eye fundoscopy (EOT): Abnormal NCS | Left eye fundoscopy (EOT): Abnormal CS | Right eye fundoscopy (EOT): Normal | Right eye fundoscopy (EOT): Abnormal NCS | Right eye fundoscopy (EOT): Abnormal CS | |
| Oral Semaglutide | 848 | 657 | 86 | 845 | 659 | 86 | 783 | 599 | 83 | 780 | 601 | 81 |
| Placebo | 843 | 673 | 74 | 858 | 661 | 72 | 790 | 597 | 62 | 787 | 599 | 64 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in systolic and diastolic blood pressure measured at the end of treatment visit (week 83) is reported. Results are based on the on-treatment observation period which started at the date of first dose on trial product, ended on last date on trial product +38 days (ascertainment window). (NCT02692716)
Timeframe: Week 0, End of treatment
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Systolic blood pressure | Diastolic blood pressure | |
| Oral Semaglutide | -5 | -1 |
| Placebo | -2 | -2 |
Participants experiencing an event onset for each individual component of the expanded composite cardiovascular outcomes (defined as cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, unstable angina requiring hospitalisation or heart failure requiring hospitalisation) are presented. Results are based on the in-trial observation period which started at the date of randomisation, included the period after permanent trial product discontinuation, if any and ended at the date of the follow-up visit regardless of adherence to treatment. (NCT02692716)
Timeframe: Maximum treatment duration is dependent on event rates and is estimated to be no longer than 19 months + 5 weeks of follow-up period.
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular death | Non-fatal myocardial infarction | Non-fatal stroke | Unstable angina requiring hospitalisation | Heart failure requiring hospitalisation | |
| Oral Semaglutide | 15 | 37 | 12 | 11 | 21 |
| Placebo | 30 | 31 | 16 | 7 | 24 |
Change from baseline in HbA1c at week 52 is presented. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 0), week 52
| Intervention | Percentage of HbA1c (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide | -1.5 |
| Insulin Aspart | -1.2 |
Change from baseline in 7-point self-measured plasma glucose profile: mean 7-PP at week 52 is presented. All participants were instructed to perform 7-point SMPG profiles before breakfast, 90 minutes after the start of breakfast, before lunch, 90 minutes after the start of lunch, before main evening meal (dinner), 90 minutes after the start of main evening meal (dinner) and at bedtime. The measurements were to be performed before any injection of bolus insulin and just before the start of the meal (breakfast, lunch or main evening meal), and values measured before breakfast were performed in a fasting condition. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 0), week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide | -2.1 |
| Insulin Aspart | -2.1 |
Change from baseline in 7-point SMPG profile: mean post-prandial increment (over all meals) at week 52 is presented. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 0), week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide | -0.7 |
| Insulin Aspart | -0.9 |
Change from baseline in BMI at week 52 is presented. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 0), week 52
| Intervention | kilograms per meter square (kg/m^2) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide | -1.5 |
| Insulin Aspart | 1.0 |
Change from baseline in body weight at week 52 is presented. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 0), week 52
| Intervention | kilograms (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide | -4.2 |
| Insulin Aspart | 2.9 |
Change from baseline in body weight (measured in percentage) at week 52 is presented as ratio to baseline. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 0), week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of body weight (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide | 1.0 |
| Insulin Aspart | 1.0 |
Change from baseline in HDL cholesterol (measured in mmol/L) at week 52 is presented as ratio to baseline. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 0), week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of HDL cholesterol (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide | 1.0 |
| Insulin Aspart | 1.0 |
Change from baseline in LDL cholesterol (measured in mmol/L) at week 52 is presented as ratio to baseline. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 0), week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of LDL cholesterol (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide | 1.0 |
| Insulin Aspart | 1.0 |
Change from baseline in total cholesterol (measured in mmol/L) at week 52 is presented as ratio to baseline. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 0), week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of total cholesterol (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide | 1.0 |
| Insulin Aspart | 1.0 |
Change from baseline in triglycerides (measured in mmol/L) at week 52 is presented as ratio to baseline. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 0), week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of triglycerides (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide | 0.9 |
| Insulin Aspart | 1.0 |
Change from baseline in FPG at week 52 is presented. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 0), week 52
| Intervention | millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide | -1.3 |
| Insulin Aspart | -0.8 |
Change from baseline in pulse rate at week 52 is presented. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 0), week 52
| Intervention | Beats per minute (beats/min) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide | 2.2 |
| Insulin Aspart | 1.1 |
Change from baseline in waist circumference at week 52 is presented. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 0), week 52
| Intervention | centimeters (cm) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide | -3.3 |
| Insulin Aspart | 2.1 |
Daily basal insulin dose at week 52 is presented. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: At week 52
| Intervention | Units of insulin (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide | 35.8 |
| Insulin Aspart | 40.7 |
Number of EAC-confirmed severe or BG confirmed, symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes (PG <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL)) from randomization (week 0) to week 52 are presented. As per 2013 ADA criteria severe hypoglycaemic episodes were episodes with PG <=3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL). Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia was an episode, that was BG confirmed by PG value <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: From randomization (week 0) to week 52
| Intervention | Episodes (Number) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide | 254 |
| Insulin Aspart | 1744 |
Number of EAC-confirmed severe or BG confirmed, symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes (PG <=3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL)) from randomization (week 0) to week 52 are presented. As per 2013 ADA criteria severe hypoglycaemic episodes were episodes with PG <=3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL). Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia was an episode during which symptoms of hypoglycaemia were not accompanied by a PG determination but that was presumably caused by a PG concentration <= 3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL). Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: From randomization (week 0) to week 52
| Intervention | Episodes (Number) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide | 1420 |
| Insulin Aspart | 5616 |
Number of EAC-confirmed severe or clinically significant hypoglycaemic episodes (plasma glucose < 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL)) from randomization (week 0) to week 52 are presented. As per 2013 ADA criteria severe hypoglycaemic episodes were episodes with PG <=3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL). Severe hypoglycaemia was an episode requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon or take other corrective actions. Hypoglycaemic episode with plasma glucose < 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL)) was considered as clinically significant. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: From randomization (week 0) to week 52
| Intervention | Episodes (Number) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide | 339 |
| Insulin Aspart | 2270 |
Number of EAC-confirmed severe hypoglycaemic episodes from randomization (week 0) up to week 52 are presented. As per 2013 ADA criteria severe hypoglycaemic episodes were episodes with PG <=3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL). EAC confirmed-severe hypoglycaemia was an episode requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon or take other corrective actions. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: From randomization (week 0) to week 52
| Intervention | Episodes (Number) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide | 4 |
| Insulin Aspart | 7 |
Number of EAC-confirmed severe hypoglycaemic episodes requiring hospitalization, documented medical help, or is life-threatening from randomization (week 0) to week 52 are presented. As per 2013 ADA criteria severe hypoglycaemic episodes were episodes with PG <=3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL). Severe hypoglycaemia was an episode requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon or take other corrective actions. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: From randomization (week 0) to week 52
| Intervention | Episodes (Number) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide | 2 |
| Insulin Aspart | 4 |
First event per 100 years of exposure time for first EAC confirmed severe hypoglycaemic episodes from randomization (week 0) to week 52 are presented. As per 2013 ADA criteria severe hypoglycaemic episodes were episodes with plasma glucose (PG) less than or equal to (<=) 3.9 millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (70 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL)). EAC confirmed-severe hypoglycaemia was an episode requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon or take other corrective actions. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: From randomization (week 0) up to week 52
| Intervention | First event per 100 years of exposure (Number) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide | 0.4 |
| Insulin Aspart | 0.7 |
First event per 100 years of exposure time for first EAC confirmed severe hypoglycaemic episodes requiring hospitalization, documented medical help, or is life threatening from randomization (week 0) to week 52 are presented. As per 2013 ADA criteria severe hypoglycaemic episodes were episodes with PG <=3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL). EAC confirmed-severe hypoglycaemia was an episode requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon or take other corrective actions. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: From randomization (week 0) up to week 52
| Intervention | First event per 100 years of exposure (Number) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide | 0.2 |
| Insulin Aspart | 0.4 |
Total daily insulin dose at week 52 is presented. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: At week 52
| Intervention | Units of insulin (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide | 35.8 |
| Insulin Aspart | 77.7 |
SF-36v2 is 36-item patient-reported survey of patient health to measure participant's overall health-related quality of life (HRQoL). It has 36 items: 8 domains of physical, mental health status (physical functioning, role physical health (range:21.23-57.16), bodily pain (range: 21.68-62.00), general health (range: 18.95-66.50), vitality (range: 22.89-70.42), social functioning (range: 17.23-57.34), role emotional problem (range: 14.39-56.17) and mental health (range: 11.63-63.95)) and 2 total summary scores: physical components summary (range: 7.32-70.14) and mental components summary (range: 5.79-69.91) calculated from domain scores. All 10 scores range from 5.79-70.42 . Higher scores indicated a better health state. Change from baseline in SF-36v2, 2 summary and 8 domains scores at week 52 is presented. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 0), week 52
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical Component Summary | Mental Component Summary | Physical Functioning | Role Physical Health | Bodily Pain | General Health | Vitality | Social Functioning | Role Emotional Problem | Mental Health | |
| Insulin Aspart | 0.4 | -0.3 | 0.2 | -0.2 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.1 | -0.6 | -0.2 | 0.1 |
| Semaglutide | 1.4 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 0.1 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.6 |
The DQLCTQ-R questionnaire was used to assess participants' HRQoL. The DQLCTQ-R questionnaire contains 57 items and measures and provide scores for the 8 domains (physical function, energy or fatigue, health distress, mental health, satisfaction, treatment satisfaction, treatment flexibility and frequency of symptoms). The 8 domain scores related to DQLCTQ-R are measured on a scale from 0-100. For all scores, higher values indicated better health status. Change from baseline in DQLCTQ-R 8 domain scores at week 52 is presented. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 0), week 52
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical function | Energy or fatigue | Health distress | Mental health | Satisfaction | Treatment satisfaction | Treatment flexibility | Frequency of symptoms | |
| Insulin Aspart | -0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.5 | -0.2 | 0.8 | -1.2 | 1.8 |
| Semaglutide | 2.4 | 2.3 | -0.2 | 7.2 | 4.1 | 9.9 | 4.2 | 4.1 |
Change from baseline in systolic and diastolic blood pressure at week 52 are presented. Data is reported for 'on-treatment' observation period: from the date of first dose of trial product (week 0) to the last date on trial product with a visit window of +7 days (week 52). (NCT03689374)
Timeframe: Baseline (week 0), week 52
| Intervention | millimeter of mercury (mmHg) (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Diastolic Blood Pressure | Systolic Blood Pressure | |
| Insulin Aspart | -0.4 | 1.0 |
| Semaglutide | -1.4 | -2.8 |
BMI is an estimate of body fat based on body weight divided by height squared. LS mean were calculated using a MMRM analysis and adjusted by baseline, strata, treatment, time, treatment*time, (Type III sum of squares). Variance-Covariance structure = Unstructured (for actual value) / Unstructured (for change from baseline). Strata refer to: insulin use + metformin use + baseline HbA1c group (< 8%, >= 8%). (NCT02963766)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26
| Intervention | kilograms/square meter (kg/m^2) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.0 |
| 0.75 mg Dulaglutide | -0.2 |
| 1.5 mg Dulaglutide | -0.1 |
| Pooled Dulaglutide | -0.1 |
Fasting blood glucose is a test to determine how much glucose (sugar) is in a blood sample after an overnight fast. Least squares (LS) means were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) analysis and adjusted by baseline, strata, treatment, time, treatment*time, (Type III sum of squares). Variance-Covariance structure = Unstructured (for actual value) / Unstructured (for change from baseline). Strata refer to: insulin use + metformin use + baseline HbA1c group [ less than (<) 8%, greater than or equal to (>=) 8%). (NCT02963766)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26
| Intervention | millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.96 |
| 0.75 mg Dulaglutide | -0.47 |
| 1.5 mg Dulaglutide | -1.54 |
| Pooled Dulaglutide | -1.03 |
HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. LS mean in HbA1c was calculated using a REML based MMRM and adjusted by, baseline + insulin use + metformin use + treatment + time + treatment*time (Type III sum of squares). Variance-covariance structure = unstructured (for actual value) / unstructured (for change from baseline). (NCT02963766)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.5 |
| 0.75 mg Dulaglutide | -0.5 |
| 1.5 mg Dulaglutide | -1.0 |
HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. Least square (LS) mean in HbA1c was calculated using a restricted maximum likelihood (REML) based mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) and adjusted by, baseline + insulin Use + metformin Use + treatment + time + treatment*time (Type III sum of squares). Variance-covariance structure = unstructured (for actual value) / unstructured (for change from baseline). (NCT02963766)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of HbA1C (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.5 |
| Pooled Dulaglutide | -0.7 |
Change from Baseline in Serum Calcitonin was evaluated. (NCT02963766)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26
| Intervention | nanograms per liter (ng/L) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.38 |
| 0.75 mg Dulaglutide | 0.28 |
| 1.5 mg Dulaglutide | 0.10 |
| Pooled Dulaglutide | 0.19 |
The number of participants with pancreatitis confirmed by adjudication is summarized cumulatively at 26 weeks. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT02963766)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0 |
| 0.75 mg Dulaglutide | 0 |
| 1.5 mg Dulaglutide | 0 |
| Pooled Dulaglutide | 0 |
Dulaglutide anti-drug antibodies (ADA) were assessed at baseline, Weeks 26 and 56. A participant was considered to have treatment-emergent (TE) dulaglutide ADAs if the participant had at least 1 titer that was TE relative to baseline, defined as a 4-fold or greater increase in titer from baseline measurement. (NCT02963766)
Timeframe: Baseline through Week 56
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/0.75 mg Dulaglutide | 3 |
| 0.75 mg Dulaglutide | 3 |
| 1.5 mg Dulaglutide | 3 |
Number of Participants with Thyroid Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events were summarized. (NCT02963766)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0 |
| 0.75 mg Dulaglutide | 0 |
| 1.5 mg Dulaglutide | 0 |
| Pooled Dulaglutide | 0 |
Percentage of Participants Requiring Rescue for Severe, Persistent Hyperglycemia was summarized. (NCT02963766)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 17.6 |
| 0.75 mg Dulaglutide | 3.9 |
| 1.5 mg Dulaglutide | 1.9 |
| Pooled Dulaglutide | 2.9 |
The percentage of Participants with Allergic and hypersensitivity reactions that were considered possibly related to study drug by the investigator are presented. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT02963766)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 2.0 |
| 0.75 mg Dulaglutide | 3.9 |
| 1.5 mg Dulaglutide | 1.9 |
| Pooled Dulaglutide | 2.9 |
The percentage of participants was calculated by dividing the number of participants reaching target HbA1c by the total number of participants analyzed, multiplied by 100. (NCT02963766)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 18.42 |
| 0.75 mg Dulaglutide | 60.00 |
| 1.5 mg Dulaglutide | 53.19 |
| Pooled Dulaglutide | 56.52 |
The percentage of participants with at least one treatment-emergent injection site reaction is presented. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT02963766)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 9.8 |
| 0.75 mg Dulaglutide | 9.8 |
| 1.5 mg Dulaglutide | 7.7 |
| Pooled Dulaglutide | 8.7 |
Summary and analysis of Incidence of all hypoglycemia with Plasma Glucose <54mg/dL. (NCT02963766)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.96 |
| 0.75 mg Dulaglutide | 3.92 |
| 1.5 mg Dulaglutide | 3.85 |
PK: Maximum Concentration of Dulaglutide at steady-state (Cmax,ss) was derived by a population pharmacokinetics approach. As part of addendum, additional PK samples were taken at week 9. (NCT02963766)
Timeframe: Week 9: pre-dose,1 to 12 hours post dose and 24 to 96 hours post dose; Week 13: predose and 1 to 12 hours post dose; Week 26: predose; Week 39: up to 2 days postdose; Week 52 and Week 56: PK sample can be taken at any time during the visit
| Intervention | nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 0.75 mg Dulaglutide | 31 |
| 1.5 mg Dulaglutide | 62 |
PK: Area Under the Concentration Time Curve over a 1-week interval of Dulaglutide at Steady-State [AUC(0-168)ss] was derived by a population pharmacokinetics approach. As part of addendum, additional PK samples were taken at week 9. (NCT02963766)
Timeframe: Week 9: pre-dose,1 to 12 hours post dose and 24 to 96 hours post dose; Week 13: predose and 1 to 12 hours post dose; Week 26: predose; Week 39: up to 2 days postdose; Week 52 and Week 56: PK sample can be taken at any time during the visit
| Intervention | nanogram*hour per milliliter (ng*h/ mL) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 0.75 mg Dulaglutide | 4170 |
| 1.5 mg Dulaglutide | 8350 |
Serum Amylase (total and pancreas-derived) and lipase concentrations were measured. (NCT02963766)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26
| Intervention | Units/Liter (U/L) (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Serum Amylase | Serum Amylase, Pancreatic | Serum Lipase | |
| 0.75 mg Dulaglutide | 4.80 | 1.77 | 4.37 |
| 1.5 mg Dulaglutide | 6.50 | 2.90 | 3.88 |
| Placebo | 0.09 | 0.60 | 2.23 |
| Pooled Dulaglutide | 5.64 | 2.32 | 4.12 |
Change from Baseline to Week 30 in body weight (NCT03353350)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 30
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -1.35 |
| Efpeglenatide 2 mg | -1.01 |
| Efpeglenatide 4 mg | -3.34 |
| Efpeglenatide 6 mg | -3.19 |
Change from Baseline to Week 56 in body weight (NCT03353350)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 56
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -1.26 |
| Efpeglenatide 2 mg | -0.94 |
| Efpeglenatide 4 mg | -3.24 |
| Efpeglenatide 6 mg | -1.82 |
Change from Baseline to Week 30 in FPG (NCT03353350)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 30
| Intervention | FPG (mmol/L) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 8.59 |
| Efpeglenatide 2 mg | -0.87 |
| Efpeglenatide 4 mg | 6.84 |
| Efpeglenatide 6 mg | 6.55 |
Change from Baseline to Week 30 in HbA1c (NCT03353350)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 30
| Intervention | HbA1c (%) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.46 |
| Efpeglenatide 2 mg | -1.14 |
| Efpeglenatide 4 mg | -1.48 |
| Efpeglenatide 6 mg | -1.59 |
Change from Baseline to Week 56 in HbA1c (NCT03353350)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 56
| Intervention | HbA1c (%) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.52 |
| Efpeglenatide 2 mg | -1.18 |
| Efpeglenatide 4 mg | -1.51 |
| Efpeglenatide 6 mg | -1.51 |
Number of participants with HbA1c <7.0% at Week 30 (NCT03353350)
Timeframe: Week 30
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 26 |
| Efpeglenatide 2 mg | 60 |
| Efpeglenatide 4 mg | 66 |
| Efpeglenatide 6 mg | 76 |
Number of hypoglycemic events (NCT03353350)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 56
| Intervention | Number of events (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 2 |
| Efpeglenatide 2 mg | 10 |
| Efpeglenatide 4 mg | 14 |
| Efpeglenatide 6 mg | 14 |
Number of participants with at least 1 hypoglycemic event during treatment period (NCT03353350)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 56
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 2 |
| Efpeglenatide 2 mg | 10 |
| Efpeglenatide 4 mg | 14 |
| Efpeglenatide 6 mg | 14 |
Number of participants with TEAEs (NCT03353350)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 56
| Intervention | Number of Treatment Emergent AEs (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 79 |
| Efpeglenatide 2 mg | 80 |
| Efpeglenatide 4 mg | 79 |
| Efpeglenatide 6 mg | 83 |
Change from baseline in body weight to Week 24 during the controlled assessment period is reported as adjusted LS mean values. Baseline was defined as the last non-missing assessment (scheduled or unscheduled) on or prior to the first dose of randomized study medication. A MMRM analysis was performed, excluding data collected after initiation of rescue medication or after premature discontinuation of study medication. (NCT01554618)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and Week 24
| Intervention | kilogram (kg) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Controlled Assessment Period - Exenatide | -0.59 |
| Controlled Assessment Period - Placebo | 0.63 |
Change from baseline in body weight to Week 52 among patients who received open-label exenatide during the treatment period is reported as mean values. The treatment period was defined as the controlled assessment period and extension period combined. Baseline was defined as the last non-missing assessment (scheduled or unscheduled) on or prior to the first dose of randomized study medication. Data collected after initiation of rescue medication or after premature discontinuation of study medication were excluded. (NCT01554618)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and Week 52
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Treatment Period - Exenatide | 0.04 |
| Treatment Period - Placebo Then Exenatide | -0.04 |
Change from baseline in fasting insulin to Week 24 during the controlled assessment period is reported as adjusted LS mean values. Baseline was defined as the last non-missing assessment (scheduled or unscheduled) on or prior to the first dose of randomized study medication. A MMRM analysis was performed, excluding data collected after initiation of rescue medication or after premature discontinuation of study medication. (NCT01554618)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and Week 24
| Intervention | picomoles per liter (pmol/L) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Controlled Assessment Period - Exenatide | 79.6 |
| Controlled Assessment Period - Placebo | -15.3 |
Change from baseline in fasting insulin to Week 52 among patients who received open-label exenatide during the treatment period is reported as mean values. The treatment period was defined as the controlled assessment period and extension period combined. Baseline was defined as the last non-missing assessment (scheduled or unscheduled) on or prior to the first dose of randomized study medication. Data collected after initiation of rescue medication or after premature discontinuation of study medication were excluded. (NCT01554618)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and Week 52
| Intervention | pmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Treatment Period - Exenatide | -32.4 |
| Treatment Period - Placebo Then Exenatide | 121.5 |
Change from baseline in FPG to Week 24 during the controlled assessment period is reported as adjusted LS mean values. Baseline was defined as the last non-missing assessment (scheduled or unscheduled) on or prior to the first dose of randomized study medication. A MMRM analysis was performed, excluding data collected after initiation of rescue medication or after premature discontinuation of study medication. (NCT01554618)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and Week 24
| Intervention | milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Controlled Assessment Period - Exenatide | -5.2 |
| Controlled Assessment Period - Placebo | 16.5 |
Change from baseline in FPG to Week 52 among patients who received open-label exenatide during the treatment period is reported as mean values. The treatment period was defined as the controlled assessment period and extension period combined. Baseline was defined as the last non-missing assessment (scheduled or unscheduled) on or prior to the first dose of randomized study medication. Data collected after initiation of rescue medication or after premature discontinuation of study medication were excluded. (NCT01554618)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and Week 52
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Treatment Period - Exenatide | -1.8 |
| Treatment Period - Placebo Then Exenatide | 10.6 |
Change from baseline in HbA1c (%) to Week 24 during the controlled assessment period is reported as adjusted least square (LS) mean values. Baseline was defined as the last non-missing assessment (scheduled or unscheduled) on or prior to the first dose of randomized study medication. A mixed model with repeated measures (MMRM) analysis was performed, excluding data collected after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of study medication. (NCT01554618)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and Week 24
| Intervention | percentage (% HbA1c) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Controlled Assessment Period - Exenatide | -0.36 |
| Controlled Assessment Period - Placebo | 0.49 |
Change from baseline in HbA1c (%) to Week 52 among patients who received open-label exenatide during the treatment period is reported as mean values. The treatment period was defined as the controlled assessment period and extension period combined. Baseline was defined as the last non-missing assessment (scheduled or unscheduled) on or prior to the first dose of randomized study medication. Data collected after initiation of rescue medication or after premature discontinuation of study medication were excluded. (NCT01554618)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and Week 52
| Intervention | percentage (% HbA1c) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Treatment Period - Exenatide | -0.10 |
| Treatment Period - Placebo Then Exenatide | 0.53 |
Change from baseline in SBP and DBP to Week 52 among patients who received open-label exenatide during the treatment period is reported as mean values. The treatment period was defined as the controlled assessment period and extension period combined. Baseline was defined as the last non-missing assessment (scheduled or unscheduled) on or prior to the first dose of randomized study medication. Data collected after initiation of rescue medication or after premature discontinuation of study medication were excluded. (NCT01554618)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and Week 52
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| SBP | DBP | |
| Treatment Period - Exenatide | -0.7 | 1.1 |
| Treatment Period - Placebo Then Exenatide | -0.6 | -2.5 |
Change from baseline in HOMA-B and HOMA-S to Week 52 among patients who received open-label exenatide during the treatment period is reported as mean values. The treatment period was defined as the controlled assessment period and extension period combined. Baseline was defined as the last non-missing assessment (scheduled or unscheduled) on or prior to the first dose of randomized study medication. Data collected after initiation of rescue medication or after premature discontinuation of study medication were excluded. (NCT01554618)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and Week 52
| Intervention | percentage (%HOMA-B and %HOMA-S) (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| HOMA-B | HOMA-S | |
| Treatment Period - Exenatide | -2.58 | 9.85 |
| Treatment Period - Placebo Then Exenatide | 42.02 | 2.36 |
Change from baseline in HOMA-B and HOMA-S in patients who were not taking insulin to Week 24 during the controlled assessment period is reported as adjusted LS mean values. Baseline was defined as the last non-missing assessment (scheduled or unscheduled) on or prior to the first dose of randomized study medication. A MMRM analysis was performed, excluding data collected after initiation of rescue medication or after premature discontinuation of study medication. (NCT01554618)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and Week 24
| Intervention | percentage (%HOMA-B and %HOMA-S) (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| HOMA-B | HOMA-S | |
| Controlled Assessment Period - Exenatide | 63.98 | 0.62 |
| Controlled Assessment Period - Placebo | -26.39 | 7.37 |
Change from baseline in lipid profiles to Week 24 during the controlled assessment period is reported as mean values (Standard International [SI] units). The following lipids were assessed: total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides. All lipids presented were taken in a fasted state. Baseline was defined as the last non-missing assessment (scheduled or unscheduled) on or prior to the first dose of randomized study medication. Data collected after initiation of rescue medication or after premature discontinuation of study medication were excluded. (NCT01554618)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and Week 24
| Intervention | millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Cholesterol | HDL-C | LDL-C | Triglycerides | |
| Controlled Assessment Period - Exenatide | -0.117 | -0.035 | -0.050 | -0.122 |
| Controlled Assessment Period - Placebo | -0.114 | -0.047 | -0.110 | 0.094 |
Change from baseline in lipid profiles to Week 52 among patients who received open-label exenatide during the treatment period is reported as mean values (SI units). The treatment period was defined as the controlled assessment period and extension period combined. The following lipids were assessed: total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglycerides. All lipids presented were taken in a fasted state. Baseline was defined as the last non-missing assessment (scheduled or unscheduled) on or prior to the first dose of randomized study medication. Data collected after initiation of rescue medication or after premature discontinuation of study medication were excluded. (NCT01554618)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and Week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Cholesterol | HDL-C | LDL-C | Triglycerides | |
| Treatment Period - Exenatide | -0.188 | 0.004 | -0.175 | -0.155 |
| Treatment Period - Placebo Then Exenatide | -0.255 | -0.076 | -0.152 | -0.043 |
Change from baseline in SBP and DBP to Week 24 during the controlled assessment period is reported as adjusted LS mean values. Baseline was defined as the last non-missing assessment (scheduled or unscheduled) on or prior to the first dose of randomized study medication. A MMRM analysis was performed, excluding data collected after initiation of rescue medication or after premature discontinuation of study medication. (NCT01554618)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and Week 24
| Intervention | millimeters mercury (mmHg) (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| SBP | DBP | |
| Controlled Assessment Period - Exenatide | -0.7 | 0.2 |
| Controlled Assessment Period - Placebo | 2.2 | -1.3 |
Number of patients needing rescue medication at Week 24 and at each intermediate visit during the controlled assessment period is reported. Patients with a loss of glycemic control, defined as either an increase from baseline in HbA1c values by ≥ 1.0% at 2 consecutive clinic visits that were at least 1 month apart, or a fasting plasma glucose value ≥ 250 mg/dL or random blood glucose value > 300 mg/dL for 4 days during a 7 day period, received rescue medication. Data collected after premature discontinuation of study medication were excluded. (NCT01554618)
Timeframe: At Week 4, Week 8, Week 12, Week 18 and Week 24
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 | Week 8 | Week 12 | Week 18 | Week 24 | |
| Controlled Assessment Period - Exenatide | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Controlled Assessment Period - Placebo | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Number of patients needing rescue medication at Week 52 and at each intermediate visit during the treatment period is reported. The treatment period was defined as the controlled assessment period and extension period combined. Patients with a loss of glycemic control, defined as either an increase from baseline in HbA1c values by ≥ 1.0% at 2 consecutive clinic visits that were at least 1 month apart, or a fasting plasma glucose value ≥ 250 mg/dL or random blood glucose value > 300 mg/dL for 4 days during a 7 day period, received rescue medication. Data collected after premature discontinuation of study medication were excluded. (NCT01554618)
Timeframe: At Week 4, Week 8, Week 12, Week 18, Week 24, Week 28, Week 40 and Week 52
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 | Week 8 | Week 12 | Week 18 | Week 24 | Week 28 | Week 40 | Week 52 | |
| Treatment Period - Exenatide | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Treatment Period - Placebo Then Exenatide | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
The percentage of patients achieving HbA1c goals of < 6.5%, ≤ 6.5%, and < 7.0% at Week 52 among patients who received open-label exenatide during the treatment period is reported. The treatment period was defined as the controlled assessment period and extension period combined. Data collected after initiation of rescue medication or after premature discontinuation of study medication were excluded. (NCT01554618)
Timeframe: At Week 52
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| HbA1c < 6.5% | HbA1c ≤ 6.5% | HbA1c < 7.0% | |
| Treatment Period - Exenatide | 30.8 | 30.8 | 35.9 |
| Treatment Period - Placebo Then Exenatide | 23.5 | 23.5 | 29.4 |
The percentage of patients achieving HbA1c goals of < 6.5%, ≤ 6.5%, and < 7.0% at Week 24 during the controlled assessment period is reported. A Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel (CMH) analysis was performed with missing data treated as non-responder, and excluding data collected after initiation of rescue medication or after premature discontinuation of study medication. (NCT01554618)
Timeframe: At Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| HbA1c <6 .5% | HbA1c ≤ 6.5% | HbA1c < 7.0% | |
| Controlled Assessment Period - Exenatide | 19.0 | 19.0 | 31.0 |
| Controlled Assessment Period - Placebo | 4.2 | 4.2 | 8.3 |
Percentage of patients positive for ADAs up to Week 24 for the exenatide treatment group is reported. Baseline was the antibody measurement at Week 0 (Day 1). A negative or missing antibody measurement was considered negative at baseline. High positive = antibody titers ≥ 625, including baseline assessment. Low positive = antibody titers < 625, including baseline assessment. A patient was said to have treatment-emergent ADA positive at a visit if the antibody test was positive after the first dose of exenatide following a negative or missing antibody measurement, or the titer increased by at least 1 titration category from a detectable measurement prior to first dose of randomized study medication. (NCT01554618)
Timeframe: Samples were collected on Day 1 (Week 0), Week 4, Week 8, Week 12 and Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4: High Positive | Week 4: Low Positive | Week 4: Treatment-Emergent ADA Positive | Week 8: High Positive | Week 8: Low Positive | Week 8: Treatment-Emergent ADA Positive | Week 12: High Positive | Week 12: Low Positive | Week 12: Treatment-Emergent ADA Positive | Week 24: High Positive | Week 24: Low Positive | Week 24: Treatment-Emergent ADA Positive | |
| Treatment Period - Exenatide | 17.0 | 30.2 | 45.3 | 53.8 | 38.5 | 92.3 | 60.0 | 38.0 | 98.0 | 40.8 | 55.1 | 95.9 |
"Percentage of patients reporting injection site reactions at Week 24 and at each intermediate visit during the controlled assessment period is reported. Injection site reactions were presented from the AE case report form (CRF), based on the Injection site reactions higher level term. A controlled assessment period AE was defined as an AE starting on or after day of first dose of study medication up to but not including Week 24 for patients entering the extension period. For patients not entering the extension period, the period was defined up to and including last dose of study medication + 7 days (+ 90 days for SAEs and other clinically significant or related AEs)." (NCT01554618)
Timeframe: At Week 4, Week 8, Week 12, Week 18 and Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 | Week 8 | Week 12 | Week 18 | Week 24 | |
| Controlled Assessment Period - Exenatide | 8.5 | 3.5 | 1.9 | 0 | 0 |
| Controlled Assessment Period - Placebo | 8.7 | 4.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
"Percentage of patients reporting injection site reactions at Week 52 and at each intermediate visit among patients who received open-label exenatide during the treatment period is reported. The treatment period was defined as the controlled assessment period and extension period combined. Injection site reactions were presented from the AE CRF, based on the Injection site reactions higher level term. An Extension Period AE was defined as an AE starting on or after day of first dose of open-label exenatide to last dose + 7 days (+ 90 days for SAEs and other clinically significant or related AEs)." (NCT01554618)
Timeframe: At Week 4, Week 8, Week 12, Week 18, Week 24, Week 28, Week 40 and Week 52
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 | Week 8 | Week 12 | Week 18 | Week 24 | Week 28 | Week 40 | Week 52 | |
| Treatment Period - Exenatide | 10.0 | 4.0 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 | 4.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Treatment Period - Placebo Then Exenatide | 9.1 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
A controlled assessment period AE was defined as an AE starting on or after day of first dose of study medication up to but not including Week 24 for patients entering the extension period. For patients not entering the extension period, the period was defined up to and including last dose of study medication + 7 days (+ 90 days for serious AEs [SAEs] and other clinically significant or related AEs). The Investigator assessed AEs for causal relationship to study drug medication. (NCT01554618)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Week 0) up to Week 24, plus up to a maximum of 90 days follow up
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any AE | Any AE with outcome of death | Any SAE | Any AE leading to discontinuation of treatment | Any AE leading to discontinuation from study | Any AE related to treatment | |
| Controlled Assessment Period - Exenatide | 61.0 | 0 | 3.4 | 0 | 0 | 25.4 |
| Controlled Assessment Period - Placebo | 73.9 | 0 | 4.3 | 0 | 0 | 21.7 |
Geometric mean plasma exenatide concentrations up to Week 52 during the treatment period are reported (for the placebo then exenatide treatment group, only Weeks 24 and 52 were applicable). The treatment period was defined as the controlled assessment period and extension period combined. Data collected after initiation of rescue medication were included. Data collected after discontinuation of study medication were excluded. (NCT01554618)
Timeframe: Samples were collected on Day 1 (Week 0), Week 4, Week 8, Week 12, Week 24 and Week 52
| Intervention | picograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 24 | Week 52 | |
| Treatment Period - Placebo Then Exenatide | NA | 105.56 |
Geometric mean plasma exenatide concentrations up to Week 52 during the treatment period are reported (for the placebo then exenatide treatment group, only Weeks 24 and 52 were applicable). The treatment period was defined as the controlled assessment period and extension period combined. Data collected after initiation of rescue medication were included. Data collected after discontinuation of study medication were excluded. (NCT01554618)
Timeframe: Samples were collected on Day 1 (Week 0), Week 4, Week 8, Week 12, Week 24 and Week 52
| Intervention | picograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 4 | Week 8 | Week 12 | Week 24 | Week 52 | |
| Treatment Period - Exenatide | NA | 41.51 | 130.60 | 163.58 | 140.81 | 88.88 |
HbA1C (NCT01763346)
Timeframe: 24 months
| Intervention | percent of hemoglobin (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin | 5.84 |
| Gastric Banding | 5.73 |
mean plasma C-peptide concentration during clamp steady state, adjusted for mean clamp insulin sensitivity (NCT01763346)
Timeframe: 24 months
| Intervention | (nmol/L) adjusted for M/I (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin | 3.01 |
| Gastric Banding | 3.19 |
fasting and 2-hour OGTT glucose levels (NCT01763346)
Timeframe: 24 months
| Intervention | mmol/l (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| fasting glucose | 2-hour glucose | |
| Gastric Banding | 5.85 | 9.92 |
| Metformin | 5.95 | 10.87 |
First phase response from the hyperglycemic clamp (NCT01779362)
Timeframe: 3-months after a medication washout
| Intervention | nmol/L (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin Alone | 1.68 |
| Glargine Followed by Metformin | 1.68 |
| Placebo | 1.68 |
| Liraglutide + Metformin | 1.68 |
Clamp measure of insulin sensitivity (NCT01779362)
Timeframe: 3-months after a medication washout
| Intervention | x 10-5 mmol/kg/min per pmol/L (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin Alone | 3.53 |
| Glargine Followed by Metformin | 3.38 |
| Placebo | 3.63 |
| Liraglutide + Metformin | 3.49 |
Participants had 12-months of active therapy. Secondary results at the end of active intervention. (NCT01779362)
Timeframe: Secondary analysis was on all participants with a Month 12 visit.
| Intervention | nmol/L (Geometric Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| ACRPg | Steady State C-peptide | ACRPmax | |
| Glargine Followed by Metformin | 1.88 | 11.6 | 14.1 |
| Liraglutide + Metformin | 2.68 | 21.2 | 10.1 |
| Metformin Alone | 1.93 | 11.7 | 13.4 |
| Placebo | 1.69 | 10.8 | 13.6 |
Clamp measures of ß-cell response, co-primary outcomes (NCT01779362)
Timeframe: 3-months after medication washout (Month 15)
| Intervention | nmol/L (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Steady State C-peptide | ACPRmax | |
| Glargine Followed by Metformin | 3.58 | 4.32 |
| Liraglutide + Metformin | 3.73 | 4.58 |
| Metformin Alone | 3.65 | 4.61 |
| Placebo | 3.60 | 4.45 |
"The rate of loss in glycemic control was estimated using the slope of HbA1c over time (years).~HbA1c data collected from Week 26 up to and including the end of Period 1 visit was included in the analysis. Baseline HbA1c was the sample obtained on day 1, or the sample obtained at an earlier visit (scheduled or unscheduled) which was closest to Day 1, if the Day 1 measurement was missing. End of Period 1 was defined as the final post-baseline assessment obtained at any visit within Period 1 (scheduled or unscheduled), up to the last scheduled visit." (NCT01528254)
Timeframe: Visit 5 (Week 26) to End of Period 1
| Intervention | Rate (%) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Vilda 50mg Bid + Metformin | 0.24 |
| Placebo + Metformin | 0.27 |
"Rate of loss in glycemic control was estimated using the slope of FPG over time (years).~FPG (fasting plasma glucose) data from Week 26 to the end of Period 1 was included in the analysis. Baseline FPG was the sample obtained on day 1, or the sample obtained at an earlier visit (scheduled or unscheduled) which was closest to Day 1, if the Day 1 measurement is missing. Participants who completed the study in Period 1 or Period 2 were not be included in the analysis." (NCT01528254)
Timeframe: Visit 5 (Week 26) to End of Period 1
| Intervention | Rate (%) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Vilda 50mg Bid + Metformin | 0.25 |
| Placebo + Metformin | 0.26 |
"Rate of loss in glycemic control was estimated using the slope of FPG over time (years).~FPG (fasting plasma glucose) data from 26 weeks after the start of Period 2 to then end of Period 2 was included in the analysis. Only participants who started insulin therapy in Period 3 or discontinued during Period 2 due to being unable or unwilling to initiate insulin therapy in period 3 were included. Participants who completed the study in Period 1 or Period 2 were not be included in the analysis." (NCT01528254)
Timeframe: From 26 weeks after start of Period 2 to end of Period 2
| Intervention | Rate (%) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Vilda 50mg Bid + Metformin | 1.27 |
| Placebo + Metformin | 0.99 |
"The rate of loss in glycemic control was estimated using the slope of HbA1c over time (years).~HbA1c data collected from 26 weeks after the start of Period 2 to the end of Period 2 were included in the analysis, for participants who started insulin therapy in Period 3 or discontinued during Period 2 due to being unable or unwilling to initiate insulin therapy in period 3. Participants who completed the study in Period 1 or Period 2 were not be included in the analysis." (NCT01528254)
Timeframe: From 26 weeks after start of Period 2 to end of Period 2
| Intervention | Rate (%) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Vilda 50mg Bid + Metformin | 1.11 |
| Placebo + Metformin | 1.02 |
Analysis of absolute and relative frequencies for treatment emergent Adverse Event (AE), Serious Adverse Event (SAE) and Deaths by primary System Organ Class (SOC) in each treatment arm to demonstrate that LAF237 is safe for the treatment of naïve patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus through the monitoring of relevant clinical and laboratory safety parameters. (NCT01528254)
Timeframe: From first dose of study treatment until End of Study (Study Drug Discontinuation or Premature Subject Discontinuation)
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| On-treatment Adverse Event (AEs) | On-treatment Serious Adverse Event (SAEs) | On-treatment Deaths | |
| Placebo + Metformin | 83.2 | 18.3 | 0.9 |
| Vilda 50mg Bid + Metformin | 83.5 | 16.6 | 1.3 |
The rate of change of insulin sensitivity is assessed using the slope of OGIS over time (years) where Oral glucose insulin sensitivity (OGIS) was calculated as a function of glucose and insulin, using meal-test data from 0 to 120 minutes. Baseline OGIS is derived based on samples obtained on day 1, or samples obtained at an earlier visit (scheduled or unscheduled) which was closest to Day 1, if the Day 1 measurements are missing. Three analyses were included, using data from Week 13 to the end of Period 1, end of Period 2 and end of study, respectively. (NCT01528254)
Timeframe: Visit 4 (Week 13), End of Period 1, End of Period 2, End of Study (Study Drug Discontinuation or Premature Subject Discontinuation)
| Intervention | Rate (%) (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| From Week 13 to end of Period 1 | From Week 13 to end of Period 2 | From Week 13 to end of study | |
| Placebo + Metformin | 0.41 | -0.99 | -1.01 |
| Vilda 50mg Bid + Metformin | -4.61 | -6.07 | -6.39 |
The rate of change of beta cell function was assessed using the slope of AUC of ISR/G over time (years) where AUC of ISR/G is defined as (Area under curve of Insulin secretion rate (derived using c-peptide))/(Area under curve of Glucose), using meal-test data from 0 to 120 minutes. Baseline AUC of ISR/G was derived based on samples obtained on day 1, or samples obtained at an earlier visit (scheduled or unscheduled) which was closest to Day 1, if the Day 1 measurements were missing. Three analyses were included, using data from Week 13 to the end of Period 1, end of Period 2 and end of study, respectively. (NCT01528254)
Timeframe: Visit 4 (Week 13), End of Period 1, End of Period 2, End of Study (Study Drug Discontinuation or Premature Subject Discontinuation)
| Intervention | Rate (%) (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| From Week 13 to end of Period 1 | From Week 13 to end of Period 2 | From Week 13 to end of study | |
| Placebo + Metformin | -0.53 | -0.43 | -0.46 |
| Vilda 50mg Bid + Metformin | -0.60 | -0.93 | -1.04 |
"Treatment failure was defined as two consecutive scheduled visits with HbA1c >= 7.0% (starting from 13 weeks after randomization) and the time to treatment failure was the number of days from randomization to the second of the consecutive scheduled visits.~Participants who discontinued the study for any reason during Period 1 were censored at the date of discontinuation. Participants who remained under the threshold (or whose measurement above the threshold was not confirmed at next scheduled visit) were censored at the date of last study visit." (NCT01528254)
Timeframe: Visit 4 (Week 13) up to End of Study (Study Drug Discontinuation or Premature Subject Discontinuation)
| Intervention | Rate (%) (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weeks 13-52 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Year 4 | Year 5 | > Year 5 | |
| Placebo + Metformin | 19.97 | 34.67 | 48.31 | 59.29 | 66.57 | 74.39 |
| Vilda 50mg Bid + Metformin | 7.81 | 17.79 | 31.24 | 39.84 | 46.41 | 52.67 |
This outcome has measured difference between FPG values from baseline to 24 weeks post treatment. The term 'baseline' refers to the last observation prior to the administration of any randomised study medication (NCT02240680)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | milligram/decilitre (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo (Up to 24 Weeks) | 0.2 |
| Linagliptin 5 Milligram (Up to 24 Weeks) | -11.3 |
This outcome has measured difference between HbA1c values from baseline to 24 weeks post treatment. The term 'baseline' refers to the last observation prior to the administration of any randomised study medication. HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin, a blood pigment that carries oxygen, which is bound to glucose. The term HbA1c also refers to glycated hemoglobin. High levels of HbA1c (Normal range is less than 6%) indicate poorer control of diabetes than level in normal range. (NCT02240680)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | Percentage (%) of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo (Up to 24 Weeks) | -0.38 |
| Linagliptin 5 Milligram (Up to 24 Weeks) | -1.01 |
The percentage of patients who attained lowering of HbA1c by ≥0.5% from baseline after 24 weeks of treatment were analysed. The confidence intervals mentioned in measure of dispersion are exact 95% CI by Clopper and Pearson. (NCT02240680)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of patients (%) (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo (Up to 24 Weeks) | 37.4 |
| Linagliptin 5 Milligram (Up to 24 Weeks) | 69.1 |
This is the percentage of patients with HbA1c on treatment <7.0% after 24 weeks of treatment. The confidence intervals mentioned in measure of dispersion are exact 95% CI by Clopper and Pearson. (NCT02240680)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of Patients (%) (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo (Up to 24 Weeks) | 14.6 |
| Linagliptin 5 Milligram (Up to 24 Weeks) | 37.8 |
This is the percentage of patients with HbA1c on treatment <8.0% after 24 weeks of treatment. The confidence intervals mentioned in measure of dispersion are exact 95% CI by Clopper and Pearson. (NCT02240680)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of patients (%) (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo (Up to 24 Weeks) | 40.2 |
| Linagliptin 5 Milligram (Up to 24 Weeks) | 70.1 |
Hypoglycaemia accompanied by a prespecified glucose value is defined as any investigator reported hypoglycaemia (event or AE) with a reported blood glucose level of less than 54 milligram/deciLitre (3.0 millimole/Litre) or any investigator reported symptomatic hypoglycaemic AE with a reported blood glucose level of less or equal 70 milligram/deciLitre (3.9millimole/Litre) or any severe hypoglycaemic AE. Severe hypoglycaemia is an event that requires the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrates or glucagon because the patient is unable to take the substance on his or her own. The confidence intervals mentioned in measure of dispersion are exact 95% confidence interval by Clopper and Pearson. The percentage of patients with at least one hypoglycaemia accompanied by a glucose value less than 54mg/dL alone has also represented separately according American Diabetes Association definition of clinically significant hypoglycaemia. (NCT02240680)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of patients (%) (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Prespecified glucose value | Glucose value <54 mg/dL | |
| Linagliptin 5 Milligram (Up to 24 Weeks) | 30.9 | 16.8 |
| Placebo (Up to 24 Weeks) | 23.8 | 15.0 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in body weight to week 52. The endpoint was evaluated based on data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period started at the date of randomisation and included the period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03021187)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | -0.9 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | -2.2 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | -3.8 |
| Placebo | 0.5 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in HbA1c to week 52. The endpoint was evaluated based on data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period started at the date of randomisation and included the period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03021187)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Percentage of HbA1c (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | -0.6 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | -0.9 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | -1.2 |
| Placebo | -0.2 |
Treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were recorded from week 0 to week 57 (52-week treatment period plus the 5-week follow-up period). Adverse events (AEs) with onset during the on-treatment observation period were considered treatment-emergent. On-treatment observation period was defined as the time period when a participant was on treatment with trial product, including any period after initiation of rescue medication. (NCT03021187)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-57
| Intervention | Events (Number) |
|---|---|
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 626 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 555 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 586 |
| Placebo | 464 |
Treatment emergent severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes were recorded during week 0 to week 57 (52-week treatment period plus the 5-week follow-up period). Hypoglycaemic episodes with onset during the on-treatment observation period were considered treatment-emergent. On-treatment observation period was defined as the time period when a subject was on treatment with trial product, including any period after initiation of rescue medication. Severe hypoglycaemia was defined as an episode requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate or glucagon, or take other corrective actions. BG-confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia: Confirmed by a glucose value <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. (NCT03021187)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-57
| Intervention | Episodes (Number) |
|---|---|
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 196 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 180 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 147 |
| Placebo | 156 |
Treatment emergent severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes were recorded during week 0 to week 57 (52-week treatment period plus the 5-week follow-up period). Hypoglycaemic episodes with onset during the on-treatment observation period were considered treatment-emergent. On-treatment observation period was defined as the time period when a subject was on treatment with trial product, including any period after initiation of rescue medication. Severe hypoglycaemia was defined as an episode requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate or glucagon, or take other corrective actions. BG-confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia: Confirmed by a glucose value <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. (NCT03021187)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-57
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 52 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 47 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 48 |
| Placebo | 54 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in amylase (units/litre (U/L)) at weeks 26 and 52 is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the data from the on-treatment observation period which was the time period when a participant was on treatment with trial product, including any period after initiation of rescue medication. (NCT03021187)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of amylase (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 1.14 | 1.17 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 1.08 | 1.07 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 1.12 | 1.11 |
| Placebo | 1.01 | 0.99 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in body mass index (BMI) was evaluated at weeks 26 and 52. BMI was calculated based on body weight and height based on the formula: BMI kg/m^2 = body weight (kg)/(Height (m) x Height (m)). Data based on in-trial observation period is presented. In trial observation period started at the date of randomisation and included the period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03021187)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52
| Intervention | kg/m^2 (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | -1.4 | -1.4 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | -0.5 | -0.3 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | -1.0 | -0.8 |
| Placebo | -0.2 | 0.2 |
Relative change from baseline (week 0) in body weight (%) was evaluated at weeks 26 and 52.The endpoint was evaluated based on data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period started at the date of randomisation and included the period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03021187)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52
| Intervention | Percentage change (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | -4.30 | -4.42 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | -1.73 | -1.18 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | -3.11 | -2.54 |
| Placebo | -0.47 | 0.65 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in body weight was evaluated at week 26. The endpoint was evaluated based on data from the in-trial observation period. In-trial observation period started at the date of randomisation and included the period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature trial product discontinuation, if any. The endpoint was also evaluated based on data from the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period. It started at the date of first dose of trial product and excluded the period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03021187)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | Kg (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| In trial | On-treatment without rescue medication | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | -3.7 | -3.9 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | -1.4 | -1.5 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | -2.6 | -3.0 |
| Placebo | -0.5 | -0.5 |
"Change from baseline (week 0) in Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire - status version (DTSQs) was evaluated at week 26 and week 52. The DTSQs items are scored on a 7-point graded response scale ranging from 6 to 0. Higher scores indicate higher levels of treatment satisfaction for DTSQs items 1, 4 -8. For items 2 and 3 a higher score indicates a higher patient perceived experience of hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia, respectively. Thus, lower scores indicate a perception of blood glucose levels being none of the time unacceptably high (item 2) or low (item 3). The domain score of total treatment satisfaction (total treatment satisfaction score) was computed by adding the six items scores 1, 4-8. The score has a minimum of 0 and a maximum of 36. A higher treatment satisfaction score indicates a higher level of treatment satisfaction." (NCT03021187)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Satisfaction with treatment: wk 26 | Satisfaction with treatment: wk 52 | Feeling of unacceptably high blood sugars: wk 26 | Feeling of unacceptably high blood sugars: wk 52 | Feeling of unacceptably low blood sugars: wk 26 | Feeling of unacceptably low blood sugars: wk 52 | Convenience of treatment: wk 26 | Convenience of treatment: wk 52 | Flexibility of treatment: wk 26 | Flexibility of treatment: wk 52 | Satisfaction with understading of diabetes: wk 26 | Satisfaction with understading of diabetes: wk 52 | Recommending treatment to others: wk 26 | Recommending treatment to others: wk 52 | Satisfaction to continue present treatment: wk 26 | Satisfaction to continue present treatment: wk 52 | Total treatment satisfaction: wk 26 | Total treatmemt satisfaction: wk 52 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 0.63 | 0.78 | -1.29 | -1.34 | 0.13 | -0.06 | 0.50 | 0.44 | 0.40 | 0.46 | 0.27 | 0.34 | 0.53 | 0.65 | 0.58 | 0.65 | 2.90 | 3.32 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 0.47 | 0.53 | -0.62 | -0.70 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.51 | 0.38 | 0.31 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.20 | 0.32 | 0.40 | 0.41 | 2.12 | 2.14 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 0.59 | 0.51 | -1.23 | -1.15 | -0.06 | -0.10 | 0.50 | 0.52 | 0.37 | 0.42 | 0.31 | 0.35 | 0.66 | 0.63 | 0.57 | 0.56 | 3.00 | 2.99 |
| Placebo | 0.18 | 0.20 | -0.28 | -0.41 | -0.15 | -0.02 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.02 | -0.01 | 0.09 | 0.03 | 0.76 | 0.67 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in electrocardiogram (ECG) was evaluated at weeks 26 and 52. Change from baseline results are presented as shift in findings (normal; abnormal and not clinically significant (NCS); abnormal and clinically significant (CS)) from week 0 to week 26 and 52. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT03021187)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal (week 0) to Normal (week 26) | Normal (week 0) to Abnormal NCS (week 26) | Normal (week 0) to Abnormal CS (week 26) | Abnormal NCS (week 0) to Normal (week 26) | Abnormal NCS (week 0) to Abnormal NCS (week 26) | Abnormal NCS (week 0) to Abnormal CS (week 26) | Abnormal CS (week 0) to Normal (week 26) | Abnormal CS (week 0) to Abnormal NCS (week 26) | Abnormal CS (week 0) to Abnormal CS (week 26) | Normal (week 0) to Normal (week 52) | Normal (week 0) to Abnormal NCS (week 52) | Normal (week 0) to Abnormal CS (week 52) | Abnormal NCS to Normal (Week 52) | Abnormal NCS to Abnormal NCS (Week 52) | Abnormal NCS to Abnormal CS (Week 52) | Abnormal CS to Normal (Week 52) | Abnormal CS to Abnormal NCS (Week 52) | Abnormal CS to Abnormal CS (Week 52) | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 90 | 17 | 0 | 16 | 47 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 85 | 20 | 1 | 19 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 101 | 10 | 0 | 22 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 95 | 14 | 2 | 13 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 98 | 12 | 0 | 17 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 91 | 15 | 2 | 17 | 40 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| Placebo | 93 | 12 | 0 | 19 | 51 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 84 | 17 | 1 | 21 | 47 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in FPG to week 26 and week 52. The endpoint was evaluated based on data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period started at the date of randomisation and included the period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03021187)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | -1.36 | -1.60 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | -0.45 | -0.81 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | -1.14 | -1.12 |
| Placebo | 0.51 | -0.09 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was evaluated at week 26. The endpoint was evaluated based on data from the in-trial observation period. In-trial observation period started at the date of randomisation and included the period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature trial product discontinuation, if any. The endpoint was also analysed based on data from the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period. On-treatment without rescue medication observation period started at the date of the first dose of trial product and includes the period after initiation of rescue medication, if any, and excludes the period after premature trial discontinuation, if any. (NCT03021187)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of HbA1c (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| In-trial | On-treatment without rescue medication | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | -1.3 | -1.4 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | -0.5 | -0.6 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | -1.0 | -1.1 |
| Placebo | -0.1 | -0.1 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) at weeks 26 and 52 is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period started at the date of randomisation and included the period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03021187)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of HDL cholesterol (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 0.98 | 1.01 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 1.00 | 1.01 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 0.98 | 0.98 |
| Placebo | 1.01 | 1.00 |
The Impact of Weight on Quality of Life Clinical Trials Version (IWQOL-Lite-CT) is designed to assess the impact of changes in weight on patients' quality of life within the context of clinical trials. The items of the IWQOL-Lite-CT pertain to physical functioning (physical, physical function and pain/discomfort) and psychosocial domains and all items employ a 5-point graded response scale (never, rarely, sometimes, usually, always; or not at all true, a little true, moderately true, mostly true, completely true). All IWQOL-Lite-CT composite scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores reflecting better levels of functioning. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which started at the date of randomisation and included the period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03021187)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1) Psychosocial (Week 26) | 1) Psychosocial (Week 52) | 2) Physical (Week 26) | 2) Physical (Week 52) | 3) Physical function(Week 26) | 3) Physical function(Week 52) | 4) Pain/discomfort (Week 26) | 4) Pain/discomfort (Week 52) | 5) IWQOL-Lite-CT Total (Week 26) | 5) IWQOL-Lite-CT Total (Week 52) | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 4.10 | 5.35 | 2.15 | 2.50 | 2.51 | 2.59 | 1.23 | 2.28 | 3.41 | 4.35 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 1.45 | 1.96 | 2.29 | 3.10 | 1.88 | 3.45 | 3.30 | 2.23 | 1.74 | 2.35 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | -0.32 | -0.92 | -0.66 | -0.53 | -0.35 | -0.59 | -1.45 | -0.37 | -0.45 | -0.79 |
| Placebo | -0.49 | -0.46 | -1.75 | -1.24 | -1.70 | -0.98 | -1.85 | -1.88 | -0.94 | -0.73 |
Change from baseline in LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) is presented as ratio to baseline at week 26 and week 52. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period started at the date of randomisation and included the period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03021187)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of LDL cholesterol (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 0.93 | 0.95 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 0.98 | 0.97 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 0.93 | 0.96 |
| Placebo | 1.03 | 1.00 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in lipase (units/litre (U/L)) at weeks 26 and 52 is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the data from the on-treatment observation period which was the time period when a participant was on treatment with trial product, including any period after initiation of rescue medication (NCT03021187)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of lipase (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 1.35 | 1.35 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 1.14 | 1.09 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 1.34 | 1.25 |
| Placebo | 0.99 | 0.99 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in pulse rate was evaluated at weeks 26 and 52 Results are based on the data from the on-treatment observation period which was the time period when a participant was on treatment with trial product, including any period after initiation of rescue medication. (NCT03021187)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52
| Intervention | Beats/minute (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 3 | 2 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 1 | -0 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 2 | 1 |
| Placebo | -0 | 0 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was evaluated at weeks 26 and 52 Results are based on the data from the on-treatment observation period which was the time period when a participant was on treatment with trial product, including any period after initiation of rescue medication. (NCT03021187)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SBP: Week 26 | SBP: Week 52 | DBP: Week 26 | DBP: Week 52 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | -5 | -6 | -1 | -2 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | -1 | -1 | -0 | -1 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | -3 | -3 | -1 | -2 |
| Placebo | 1 | 0 | 0 | -0 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in self-measured plasma glucose (SMPG) mean 7-point profile to week 26 and week 52. SMPG was recorded at the following 7 time points: before breakfast, 90 minutes after start of breakfast, before lunch, 90 minutes after start of lunch, before dinner, 90 minutes after dinner and at bedtime. Mean 7-point profile was defined as the area under the profile, calculated using the trapezoidal method, divided by the measurement time. The endpoint was evaluated based on data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period started at the date of randomisation and included the period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03021187)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | -2.0 | -2.0 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | -1.2 | -1.6 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | -1.8 | -1.7 |
| Placebo | -0.3 | -0.9 |
SF-36 is a 36-item patient-reported survey of patient health that measures the participant's overall health-related quality of life (HRQoL). SF-36v2™ (acute version) questionnaire measured eight domains of functional health and well-being as well as two component summary scores (physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS)). The 0-100 scale scores (where higher scores indicated a better HRQoL) from the SF-36 were converted to norm-based scores to enable a direct interpretation in relation to the distribution of the scores in the 2009 U.S. general population. In the metric of norm-based scores, 50 and 10 corresponds to the mean and standard deviation respectively of the 2009 U.S. general population. Change from baseline (week 0) in the domain scores and component summary (PCS and MCS) scores were evaluated at weeks 26 and 52. A positive change score indicates an improvement since baseline. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. (NCT03021187)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1) Physical functioning (Week 26) | 1) Physical functioning (Week 52) | 2) Role Physical (Week 26) | 2) Role Physical (Week 52) | 3) Bodily Pain (Week 26) | 3) Bodily Pain (Week 52) | 4) General Health (Week 26) | 4) General Health (Week 52) | 5) Vitality (Week 26) | 5) Vitality (Week 52) | 6) Social functioning (Week 26) | 6) Social functioning (Week 52) | 7) Role emotional (Week 26) | 7) Role emotional (Week 52) | 8) Mental health (Week 26) | 8) Mental health (Week 52) | 9) Physical component summary (Week 26) | 9) Physical component summary (Week 52) | 10) Mental component summary (Week 26) | 10) Mental component summary (Week 52) | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | -0.07 | -0.32 | 0.04 | -0.87 | -0.18 | -0.21 | 1.26 | 1.38 | 0.14 | 0.70 | -0.51 | 0.03 | 0.24 | 0.09 | 0.99 | 0.89 | -0.02 | -0.36 | 0.49 | 0.82 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 0.53 | 0.51 | -0.32 | 0.00 | -0.02 | -0.40 | 1.43 | 0.92 | -0.56 | -0.53 | -0.31 | 0.11 | -0.94 | 0.77 | -1.41 | -0.48 | 0.94 | 0.26 | -1.41 | -0.09 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 0.52 | -0.40 | -0.43 | -0.76 | 1.47 | 0.56 | 0.70 | 0.75 | -1.27 | -1.43 | 0.34 | -0.61 | 0.62 | -0.34 | -0.82 | -0.74 | 0.75 | 0.12 | -0.55 | -0.89 |
| Placebo | -0.82 | -0.77 | -0.39 | -0.93 | -0.72 | -0.64 | -0.36 | -1.43 | -1.69 | -1.09 | -1.10 | -1.74 | -1.50 | -2.78 | -2.32 | -1.30 | -0.05 | -0.41 | -2.16 | -2.19 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in SMPG mean postprandial increment over all meals to week 26 and week 52. The endpoint was evaluated based on data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period started at the date of randomisation and included the period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03021187)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | -1.2 | -0.7 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | -0.3 | -0.3 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | -0.8 | -0.7 |
| Placebo | -0.1 | -0.3 |
Change from baseline in total cholesterol (mmol/L) is presented as ratio to baseline at week 26 and week 52. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period started at the date of randomisation and included the period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03021187)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of total cholesterol (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 0.95 | 0.95 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 0.99 | 0.98 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 0.95 | 0.97 |
| Placebo | 1.03 | 1.00 |
Change from baseline in total daily insulin dose to week 26 and week 52 is presented. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period started at the date of randomisation and included the period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03021187)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52
| Intervention | Units/day (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | -8 | -5 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | -5 | 1 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | -9 | -8 |
| Placebo | -2 | 8 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in triglycerides (mmol/L) at weeks 26 and 52 is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period started at the date of randomisation and included the period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03021187)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of triglycerides (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 0.91 | 0.86 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 0.97 | 0.93 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 0.92 | 0.94 |
| Placebo | 0.99 | 0.97 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in waist circumference was evaluated at weeks 26 and 52.The endpoint was evaluated based on data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period started at the date of randomisation and included the period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03021187)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52
| Intervention | cm (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | -3.6 | -4.0 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | -0.9 | -0.8 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | -2.3 | -2.3 |
| Placebo | -0.6 | 0.3 |
This outcome measure is only applicable for the oral semaglutide treatment arms (3 mg, 7 mg and 14 mg). Semaglutide plasma concentrations were measured at week 4, 14, 26, 38 and 52. Results are based on the data from the on-treatment observation period which was the time period when a participant was on treatment with trial product, including any period after initiation of rescue medication. (NCT03021187)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-52
| Intervention | nmol/L (Geometric Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 | Week 14 | Week 26 | Week 38 | Week 52 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 2.9 | 14.5 | 12.6 | 10.8 | 11.9 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.4 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 2.9 | 7.5 | 7.2 | 6.9 | 5.8 |
Presented results are the number of participants who had taken additional anti-diabetic medication anytime during the periods, from week 0 to week 26 and week 0 to week 52. Additional anti-diabetic medication was defined as use of new anti-diabetic medication for more than 21 days with the initiation at or after randomisation (week 0) and before (planned) end-of-treatment (week 52), and/or intensification of anti-diabetic medication (a more than 20% increase in dose relative to baseline) for more than 21 days with the intensification at or after randomisation and before (planned) end-of-treatment. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT03021187)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-52
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 0-26 | Week 0-52 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 8 | 44 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 9 | 61 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 8 | 45 |
| Placebo | 11 | 75 |
Presented results are the number of participants who had taken rescue medication anytime during the periods, from week 0 to week 26 and week 0 to week 52. Rescue medication was defined as use of new anti-diabetic medication as add-on to trial product and used for more than 21 days with the initiation at or after randomisation (week 1) and before last day on trial product, and/or intensification of anti-diabetic medication (a more than 20% increase in dose relative to baseline) for more than 21 days with the intensification at or after randomisation and before last day on trial product. Results are based on the data from the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period, which was the time period when a participant was on treatment with trial product, excluding any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature trial product discontinuation. (NCT03021187)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-52
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 0-26 | Week 0-52 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 4 | 31 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 5 | 54 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 2 | 33 |
| Placebo | 9 | 67 |
Participants with eye examination (fundoscopy) findings, normal, abnormal NCS and abnormal CS at baseline (week -2) and week 52 are presented. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT03021187)
Timeframe: Week -2, week 52
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Left eye (week -2)72577392 | Left eye (week -2)72577393 | Left eye (week -2)72577394 | Left eye (week -2)72577395 | Left eye (week 52)72577392 | Left eye (week 52)72577393 | Left eye (week 52)72577394 | Left eye (week 52)72577395 | Right eye (week -2)72577392 | Right eye (week -2)72577393 | Right eye (week -2)72577394 | Right eye (week -2)72577395 | Right eye (week 52)72577392 | Right eye (week 52)72577393 | Right eye (week 52)72577394 | Right eye (week 52)72577395 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Normal | Abnormal NCS | Abnormal CS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 89 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 108 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 64 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 55 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 19 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 21 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 83 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 102 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 92 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 88 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 65 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 51 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 52 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 53 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 22 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 25 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 85 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 104 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 99 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 106 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 76 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 63 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 64 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 58 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 18 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 79 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 99 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 97 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 90 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 67 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 54 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 51 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 50 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 23 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 26 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Participants with physical examination findings, normal, abnormal NCS and abnormal CS at baseline (weeks -2) and weeks 52 presented. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. Results are presented for the following examinations: 1) Cardiovascular system; 2) Central and peripheral nervous system; 3) Gastrointestinal system, incl. mouth; 4) General appearance; 5) Head, ears, eyes, nose, throat, neck; 6) Lymph node palpation; 7) Musculoskeletal system; 8) Respiratory system; 9) Skin; 10) Thyroid gland. (NCT03021187)
Timeframe: Week -2, week 52
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 1) Cardiovascular system (week -2)72577392 | 1) Cardiovascular system (week -2)72577393 | 1) Cardiovascular system (week -2)72577394 | 1) Cardiovascular system (week -2)72577395 | 1) Cardiovascular system (week 52)72577392 | 1) Cardiovascular system (week 52)72577393 | 1) Cardiovascular system (week 52)72577394 | 1) Cardiovascular system (week 52)72577395 | 2) Central and peripheral nervous system (week -2)72577392 | 2) Central and peripheral nervous system (week -2)72577395 | 2) Central and peripheral nervous system (week -2)72577393 | 2) Central and peripheral nervous system (week -2)72577394 | 2) Central and peripheral nervous system (week 52)72577392 | 2) Central and peripheral nervous system (week 52)72577393 | 2) Central and peripheral nervous system (week 52)72577394 | 2) Central and peripheral nervous system (week 52)72577395 | 3) Gastrointestinal system, incl. mouth (week -2)72577393 | 3) Gastrointestinal system, incl. mouth (week -2)72577395 | 3) Gastrointestinal system, incl. mouth (week -2)72577392 | 3) Gastrointestinal system, incl. mouth (week -2)72577394 | 3) Gastrointestinal system, incl. mouth (week 52)72577392 | 3) Gastrointestinal system, incl. mouth (week 52)72577393 | 3) Gastrointestinal system, incl. mouth (week 52)72577395 | 3) Gastrointestinal system, incl. mouth (week 52)72577394 | 4) General appearance (week -2)72577392 | 4) General appearance (week -2)72577393 | 4) General appearance (week -2)72577394 | 4) General appearance (week -2)72577395 | 4) General appearance (week 52)72577392 | 4) General appearance (week 52)72577393 | 4) General appearance (week 52)72577394 | 4) General appearance (week 52)72577395 | 5) Head, ears, eyes, nose, throat, neck (week -2)72577392 | 5) Head, ears, eyes, nose, throat, neck (week -2)72577393 | 5) Head, ears, eyes, nose, throat, neck (week -2)72577394 | 5) Head, ears, eyes, nose, throat, neck (week -2)72577395 | 5) Head, ears, eyes, nose, throat, neck (week 52)72577392 | 5) Head, ears, eyes, nose, throat, neck (week 52)72577393 | 5) Head, ears, eyes, nose, throat, neck (week 52)72577394 | 5) Head, ears, eyes, nose, throat, neck (week 52)72577395 | 6) Lymph node palpation (week -2)72577392 | 6) Lymph node palpation (week -2)72577393 | 6) Lymph node palpation (week -2)72577394 | 6) Lymph node palpation (week -2)72577395 | 6) Lymph node palpation (week 52)72577392 | 6) Lymph node palpation (week 52)72577393 | 6) Lymph node palpation (week 52)72577394 | 6) Lymph node palpation (week 52)72577395 | 7) Musculoskeletal system (week -2)72577392 | 7) Musculoskeletal system (week -2)72577393 | 7) Musculoskeletal system (week -2)72577395 | 7) Musculoskeletal system (week -2)72577394 | 7) Musculoskeletal system (week 52)72577392 | 7) Musculoskeletal system (week 52)72577393 | 7) Musculoskeletal system (week 52)72577394 | 7) Musculoskeletal system (week 52)72577395 | 8) Respiratory system (week -2)72577392 | 8) Respiratory system (week -2)72577393 | 8) Respiratory system (week -2)72577394 | 8) Respiratory system (week -2)72577395 | 8) Respiratory system (week 52)72577392 | 8) Respiratory system (week 52)72577393 | 8) Respiratory system (week 52)72577394 | 8) Respiratory system (week 52)72577395 | 9) Skin (week -2)72577392 | 9) Skin (week -2)72577393 | 9) Skin (week -2)72577394 | 9) Skin (week -2)72577395 | 9) Skin (week 52)72577392 | 9) Skin (week 52)72577393 | 9) Skin (week 52)72577394 | 9) Skin (week 52)72577395 | 10) Thyroid gland (week -2)72577393 | 10) Thyroid gland (week -2)72577392 | 10) Thyroid gland (week -2)72577394 | 10) Thyroid gland (week -2)72577395 | 10) Thyroid gland (week 52)72577393 | 10) Thyroid gland (week 52)72577392 | 10) Thyroid gland (week 52)72577394 | 10) Thyroid gland (week 52)72577395 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abnormal NCS | Normal | Abnormal CS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 166 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 166 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 157 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 170 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 18 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 157 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 158 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 145 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 160 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 17 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 24 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 158 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 157 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 158 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 163 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 26 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 24 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 149 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 150 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 147 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 25 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 22 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 175 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 177 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 180 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 163 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 166 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 171 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 159 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 162 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 160 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 18 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 21 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 22 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 151 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 148 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 153 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 152 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 23 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 21 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 17 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 168 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 173 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 172 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 178 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 161 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 165 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 166 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 184 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 181 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 181 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 172 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 172 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 171 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 170 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 169 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 175 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 160 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 160 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 164 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 182 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 177 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 180 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 184 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 173 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 164 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 170 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 173 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 156 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 153 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 159 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 162 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 27 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 28 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 21 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 152 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 144 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 151 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 155 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 26 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 18 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 18 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 177 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 176 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 176 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 177 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 165 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 168 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Participants who achieved weight loss more than or equal to 10% of their baseline body weight (yes/no) at weeks 26 and 52 are presented. The endpoint was evaluated based on data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period started at the date of randomisation and included the period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature trial product discontinuation, if any. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which started at the date of randomisation and included the period after initiatiion of of rescue medication and/or premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03021187)
Timeframe: Week 26, week 52
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 2672577393 | Week 2672577394 | Week 2672577395 | Week 2672577392 | Week 5272577392 | Week 5272577393 | Week 5272577395 | Week 5272577394 | |||||||||
| Yes | No | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 2 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 12 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 19 | |||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 1 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 175 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 162 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 154 | |||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 176 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 4 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 17 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 21 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 170 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 154 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 149 | |||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 172 | |||||||||||||||
Participants who achieved weight loss more than or equal to 5% of their baseline body weight (yes/no) at weeks 26 and 52 are presented. The endpoint was evaluated based on data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period started at the date of randomisation and included the period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03021187)
Timeframe: Week 26, week 52
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 2672577392 | Week 2672577393 | Week 2672577394 | Week 2672577395 | Week 5272577395 | Week 5272577392 | Week 5272577393 | Week 5272577394 | |||||||||
| Yes | No | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 23 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 53 | |||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 5 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 154 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 121 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 106 | |||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 172 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 30 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 48 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 67 | |||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 9 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 144 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 123 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 103 | |||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 164 | |||||||||||||||
Participants who achieved HbA1c less than 7.0 % without severe or blood glucose (BG) confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia and without weight gain (yes/no) at weeks 26 and 52 are presented. Severe hypoglycaemia was defined as an episode requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate or glucagon, or take other corrective actions. BG-confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia was defined as an episode with plasma glucose value <3.1 mmol/L with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT03021187)
Timeframe: Week 26, week 52
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 2672577392 | Week 2672577394 | Week 2672577393 | Week 2672577395 | Week 5272577392 | Week 5272577393 | Week 5272577394 | Week 5272577395 | |||||||||
| Yes | No | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 32 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 47 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 76 | |||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 4 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 144 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 127 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 97 | |||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 172 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 27 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 43 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 61 | |||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 8 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 146 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 126 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 107 | |||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 164 | |||||||||||||||
Participants who achieved HbA1c reduction more than or equal to 1% of their baseline HbA1c and weight loss of more than or equal to 3% of their baseline body weight (yes/no) at weeks 26 and 52 are presented. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT03021187)
Timeframe: Week 26, week 52
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 2672577392 | Week 2672577395 | Week 2672577393 | Week 2672577394 | Week 5272577395 | Week 5272577392 | Week 5272577393 | Week 5272577394 | |||||||||
| Yes | No | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 28 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 51 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 76 | |||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 7 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 148 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 123 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 97 | |||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 169 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 20 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 37 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 64 | |||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 5 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 153 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 132 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 104 | |||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 167 | |||||||||||||||
Number of particpants achieving HbA1c < 7.0 % (53 mmol/mol) according to American Diabetes Association (ADA) target, at week 26 and week 52. The endpoint was evaluated based on data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period started at the date of randomisation and included the period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03021187)
Timeframe: Week 26, week 52
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 2672577394 | Week 2672577395 | Week 2672577392 | Week 2672577393 | Week 5272577392 | Week 5272577393 | Week 5272577394 | Week 5272577395 | |||||||||
| No | Yes | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 74 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 101 | |||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 12 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 126 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 100 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 72 | |||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 164 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 50 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 67 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 91 | |||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 16 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 123 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 102 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 77 | |||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 156 | |||||||||||||||
Number of participants achieving HbA1c ≤ 6.5% (48 mmol/mol) according to American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) target, at week 26 and week 52. The endpoint was evaluated based on data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period started at the date of randomisation and included the period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03021187)
Timeframe: Week 26, week 52
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 2672577393 | Week 2672577394 | Week 2672577395 | Week 2672577392 | Week 5272577392 | Week 5272577394 | Week 5272577395 | Week 5272577393 | |||||||||
| Yes | No | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 24 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 45 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 74 | |||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 6 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 152 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 129 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 99 | |||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 170 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 20 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 33 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 65 | |||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 4 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 153 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 136 | |||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 103 | |||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 168 | |||||||||||||||
Mean change from baseline (week 0) to week 30 in biochemistry laboratory parameter albumin. Results are based on the on-treatment observation period where subjects were considered exposed to trial product. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30
| Intervention | g/dL (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 0.2 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 0.2 |
Mean change from baseline (week 0) to week 30 in biochemistry laboratory parameter eGFR. eGFR is calculated using the equation from the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) as defined in KDIGO guidelines. Results are based on the on-treatment observation period where subjects were considered exposed to trial product. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30
| Intervention | mL/min/1.73m2 (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 4.0 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 4.1 |
Mean change from baseline (week 0) to week 30 in BMI. BMI was calculated as 'body weight in kg/(height in meters) x (height in meters)'. Results are based on the on-treatment without rescue medication period. Missing data were imputed using observed data from subjects within the same group defined by randomised treatment, using a regression model including stratification factor as categorical effect and data from baseline and all previous visits as covariates. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30
| Intervention | kg/sqm (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | -2.0 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | -0.7 |
Mean relative change from baseline in body weight measured in percentage. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period. Missing data were imputed using observed data from subjects within the same group defined by randomised treatment, using a regression model including stratification factor as categorical effect and data from baseline and all previous visits as covariates. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30
| Intervention | percentage of body weight (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | -6.1 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | -2.0 |
Mean change from baseline (week 0) to week 30 in body weight measured in kilograms. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period. Missing data were imputed using observed data from subjects within the same group defined by randomised treatment, using a regression model including stratification factor as categorical effect and data from baseline and all previous visits as covariates. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | -5.8 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | -2.0 |
Mean change from baseline (week 0) to week 30 in calcitonin. Results are based on the on-treatment observation period where subjects were considered exposed to trial product. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30
| Intervention | ng/L (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 1.3 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 1.1 |
Change in diastolic blood pressure from baseline (week 0) to week 30 . Results are based on the on-treatment without rescue medication period. Missing data were imputed using observed data from subjects within the same group defined by randomised treatment, using a regression model including stratification factor as categorical effect and data from baseline and all previous visits as covariates. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | -1.5 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | -1.3 |
The change from baseline in HDL cholesterol is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the on-treatment without rescue medication period. Missing data were imputed using observed data from subjects within the same group defined by randomised treatment, using a regression model including stratification factor as categorical effect and data from baseline and all previous visits as covariates. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30
| Intervention | ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 1.01 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 0.99 |
The change from baseline in LDL cholesterol is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the on-treatment without rescue medication period. Missing data were imputed using observed data from subjects within the same group defined by randomised treatment, using a regression model including stratification factor as categorical effect and data from baseline and all previous visits as covariates. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30
| Intervention | ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 0.99 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 0.99 |
The change from baseline in total cholesterol (measured in mmol/L) is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the on-treatment without rescue medication period. Missing data were imputed using observed data from subjects within the same group defined by randomised treatment, using a regression model including stratification factor as categorical effect and data from baseline and all previous visits as covariates. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30
| Intervention | ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 0.96 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 0.98 |
The change from baseline in triglycerides is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the on-treatment without rescue medication period. Missing data were imputed using observed data from subjects within the same group defined by randomised treatment, using a regression model including stratification factor as categorical effect and data from baseline and all previous visits as covariates. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30
| Intervention | Ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 0.83 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 0.91 |
Mean change from baseline in fasting plasma glucose measured in mmol/L. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period. Missing data were imputed using observed data from subjects within the same group defined by randomised treatment, using a regression model including stratification factor as categorical effect and data from baseline and all previous visits as covariates. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | -2.65 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | -1.46 |
Mean change from baseline (week 0) to week 30 in haematology laboratory parameter erythrocytes. Results are based on the on-treatment observation period where subjects were considered exposed to trial product. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30
| Intervention | 10^12 cells/L (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 0.14 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 0.14 |
Mean change from baseline (week 0) to week 30 in haematology laboratory parameter haematocrit. Haematocrit is the volume of red blood cells in the total blood. Results are based on the on-treatment observation period where subjects were considered exposed to trial product. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30
| Intervention | percent change (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 1.5 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 1.1 |
Mean change from baseline (week 0) to week 30 in haemoglobin. Results are based on the on-treatment observation period where subjects were considered exposed to trial product. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30
| Intervention | mmol/L (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 1.0 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 1.0 |
Mean change from baseline (week 0) to week 30 in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) %. The endpoint was evaluated based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication period' where subjects were considered treated with trial product, but had not yet initiated rescue medication. Missing data were imputed using observed data from subjects within the same group defined by randomised treatment, using a regression model including stratification factor as categorical effect and data from baseline and all previous visits as covariates. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30
| Intervention | Percentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | -1.7 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | -1.1 |
Mean change from baseline (week 0) to week 30 in pulse rate. Pulse rate is measured as number of heart beats per minute. Results are based on the on-treatment observation period where subjects were considered exposed to trial product. Missing data were imputed using observed data from subjects within the same group defined by randomised treatment, using a regression model including stratification factor as categorical effect and data from baseline and all previous visits as covariates. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30
| Intervention | beats/min (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 2.4 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 3.9 |
Mean change from baseline in 7-point profile. SMPG was recorded at the following 7 time points: before breakfast, 90 minutes after start of breakfast, before lunch, 90 minutes after start of lunch, before dinner, 90 minutes after dinner and at bedtime. The mean of the 7-point SMPG profile, defined as the area under the profile, was calculated using the trapezoidal method and divided by the measurement time. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period. Missing data were imputed using observed data from subjects within the same group defined by randomised treatment, using a regression model including stratification factor as categorical effect and data from baseline and all previous visits as covariates. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | -3.0 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | -2.1 |
Mean post prandial glucose incrememts over all meals. Results are based on the on-treatment without rescue medication period. Missing data were imputed using observed data from subjects within the same group defined by randomised treatment, using a regression model including stratification factor as categorical effect and data from baseline and all previous visits as covariates. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | -1.0 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | -0.4 |
Change in systolic blood pressure from baseline (week 0) to week 30 . Results are based on the on-treatment without rescue medication period. Missing data were imputed using observed data from subjects within the same group defined by randomised treatment, using a regression model including stratification factor as categorical effect and data from baseline and all previous visits as covariates. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | -4.3 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | -3.7 |
Mean change in waist circumference (cm) from baseline (week 0) to week 30. Results are based on the on-treatment without rescue medication period. Missing data were imputed using observed data from subjects within the same group defined by randomised treatment, using a regression model including stratification factor as categorical effect and data from baseline and all previous visits as covariates. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30
| Intervention | cm (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | -5.2 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | -2.4 |
A TEAE was defined as an adverse event with onset date (or increase in severity) during the on-treatment observation period. The on-treatment observation period represents the time period where subjects were considered exposed to trial product. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: Week 0 to week 35
| Intervention | Events (Number) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 758 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 691 |
Hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as treatment emergent if the onset of the episode occurred within the on-treatment observation period, where the subjects were exposed to the trial product. Severe or BG-confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia: an episode that was severe according to the ADA classification or blood glucose confirmed by a plasma glucose value below 3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: Week 0 to week 35
| Intervention | Episodes of hypoglycaemia (Number) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 8 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 8 |
Percentage of subjects who achieved HbA1c below 7.0% (53 mmol/mol) without severe or blood glucose confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia episodes and no weight gain, after 30 weeks of treatment. Results are based on the on-treatment without rescue medication period. Missing data were imputed using observed data from subjects within the same group defined by randomised treatment, using a regression model including stratification factor as categorical effect and data from baseline and all previous visits as covariates. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: After 30 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 75.6 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 36.8 |
Percentage of subjects who achieved HbA1c less than 7.0% (53 mmol/mol) according to American Diabetes Association (ADA) target, after 30 weeks of treatment. Results are based on the on-treatment without rescue medication period. Missing data were imputed using observed data from subjects within the same group defined by randomised treatment, using a regression model including stratification factor as categorical effect and data from baseline and all previous visits as covariates. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: After 30 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 80.4 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 45.9 |
Percentage of subjects who achieved HbA1c less than 6.5% (48 mmol/mol) according to AACE target,after 30 weeks of treatment. Results are based on the on-treatment without rescue medication period. Missing data were imputed using observed data from subjects within the same group defined by randomised treatment, using a regression model including stratification factor as categorical effect and data from baseline and all previous visits as covariates. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: After 30 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 58.5 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 24.8 |
Percentage of subjects who achieved weight loss above or equal to 1% after 30 weeks of treatment. Results are based on the on-treatment without rescue medication period. Missing data were imputed using observed data from subjects within the same group defined by randomised treatment, using a regression model including stratification factor as categorical effect and data from baseline and all previous visits as covariates. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: After 30 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 82.8 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 48.3 |
Percentage of subjects who achieved HbA1c reduction above or equal to 1% and weight loss above or equal to 10% after 30 weeks of treatment. Results are based on the on-treatment without rescue medication period. Missing data were imputed using observed data from subjects within the same group defined by randomised treatment, using a regression model including stratification factor as categorical effect and data from baseline and all previous visits as covariates. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: After 30 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 17.1 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 3.6 |
Percentage of subjects who achieved HbA1c reduction above or equal to 1% and weight loss above or equal to 3% after 30 weeks of treatment. Results are based on the on-treatment without rescue medication period. Missing data were imputed using observed data from subjects within the same group defined by randomised treatment, using a regression model including stratification factor as categorical effect and data from baseline and all previous visits as covariates. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: After 30 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 62.4 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 20.9 |
Percentage of subjects who achieved HbA1c reduction above or equal to 1% and weight loss above or equal to 5% after 30 weeks of treatment. Results are based on the on-treatment without rescue medication period. Missing data were imputed using observed data from subjects within the same group defined by randomised treatment, using a regression model including stratification factor as categorical effect and data from baseline and all previous visits as covariates. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: After 30 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 49.6 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 11.9 |
Percentage of subjects who achieved weight loss above or equal to 10% after 30 weeks of treatment. Results are based on the on-treatment without rescue medication period. Missing data were imputed using observed data from subjects within the same group defined by randomised treatment, using a regression model including stratification factor as categorical effect and data from baseline and all previous visits as covariates. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: After 30 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 19.1 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 4.4 |
Percentage of subjects who achieved weight loss above or equal to 3% after 30 weeks of treatment. Results are based on the on-treatment without rescue medication period. Missing data were imputed using observed data from subjects within the same group defined by randomised treatment, using a regression model including stratification factor as categorical effect and data from baseline and all previous visits as covariates. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: After 30 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 72.7 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 33.9 |
Percentage of subjects who achieved weight loss above or equal to 5% after 30 weeks of treatment. Results are based on the on-treatment without rescue medication period. Missing data were imputed using observed data from subjects within the same group defined by randomised treatment, using a regression model including stratification factor as categorical effect and data from baseline and all previous visits as covariates. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: After 30 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 55.9 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 17.7 |
Number of subjects with treatment-emergent severe or blood glucose confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia episodes is presented. Hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as treatment emergent if the onset of the episode occurred within the on-treatment observation period, where the subjects were exposed to the trial product. Severe or BG-confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia: an episode that was severe according to the ADA classification or blood glucose confirmed by a plasma glucose value below 3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: Week 0 to week 35
| Intervention | Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 5 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 7 |
Mean change from baseline (week 0) to week 30 in biochemistry laboratory parameters alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Results are based on the on-treatment observation period where subjects were considered exposed to trial product. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30
| Intervention | mmol/L (Geometric Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Alkaline phosphatase | Alanine Aminotransferase | Aspartate Aminotransferase | |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 6.4 | 5.0 | 3.1 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 5.5 | 5.3 | 3.5 |
Mean change from baseline (week 0) to week 30 in biochemistry laboratory parameters amylase and lypase. Observed data with multiple imputation for missing data is presented. Missing data were imputed using observed data from subjects within the same group defined by actual treatment, using a regression model including stratification factor as categorical effect and data from baseline and all previous visits as covariates. Results are based on the on-treatment observation period where subjects were considered exposed to trial product. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30
| Intervention | U/L (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Amylase | Lipase | |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 8.4 | 14.0 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 10.3 | 15.8 |
Mean change from baseline (week 0) to week 30 in biochemistry laboratory parameters calcium, pottassium and sodium. Results are based on the on-treatment observation period where subjects were considered exposed to trial product. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30
| Intervention | mmol/L (Geometric Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Calcium | Pottassium | Sodium | |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 0.07 | 0.3 | 1.7 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 0.07 | 0.3 | 1.8 |
Mean change from baseline (week 0) to week 30 in biochemistry laboratory parameters creatinine and bilirubin. Results are based on the on-treatment observation period where subjects were considered exposed to trial product. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30
| Intervention | umol/L (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Creatinine | Bilirubin | |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 3.6 | 2.0 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 4.1 | 1.9 |
"The DTSQs questionnaire was used to assess subject's treatment satisfaction. This instrument contains 8 items and measures the treatment for diabetes in terms of convenience, flexibility and general feelings regarding treatment. Q 1 = satisfaction with current treatment; Q 2 = hyperglycemia; Q 3 = hypoglycemia; Q 4 = flexibility; Q 5 = convenience; Q 6 = understanding of diabetes; Q 7 = recommend treatment to others; and Q 8 = willingness to continue. Each item is rated on a 7-point Likert scale with a score ranging from 0 (ie, very dissatisfied) to 6 (ie, very satisfied). DTSQ items 2 and 3 are rated differently: 0 reflects 'never' and 6 reflects 'most of the time'. The 'treatment satisfaction' score is the sum of 6 of the 8 DTSQs components (Q 1, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8) (range 0-36). Higher scores on the DTSQ total score indicate higher treatment satisfaction. The results presented is the change from baseline (week 0) to week 30 in DTSQ scores." (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30
| Intervention | scores on a scale (Mean) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1. Satisfaction with current treatment | Q2. Hyperglycemia | Q3. Hypoglycemia | Q4. Flexibility | Q5. Convenience | Q6. Understanding of diabetes | Q7. Recommend treatment to others | Q8. Willingness to continue | Treatment satisfaction summary score | |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 0.9 | -1.6 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 4.2 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 0.9 | -2.1 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 4.6 |
Mean change from baseline (week 0) to week 30 in haematology laboratory parameters thrombocytes and leukocytes. Results are based on the on-treatment observation period where subjects were considered exposed to trial product. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30
| Intervention | 10^9 cells/L (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Thrombocytes | Leukocytes | |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 21.5 | 0.14 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 18.4 | 0.14 |
Short form-36 version 2 (SF-36v2) is a 36-item patient-reported survey of patient health that measures the subject's overall health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The questionnaire measures the individual overall HRQoL on 8 domains: physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role-emotional and mental health. Each domain is scored using the sum of the individual item responses and normalised relative to the 2009 US reference population. Overall, the domain scores range from around 0-100 (higher scores indicated a better HRQoL), where the range of possible scores depends on the 2009 US reference population for each domain. The two total summary scores (mental and physical summary components) are calculated through weighted sums of the 8 domain scores. The presented result is the change from baseline (week 0) to week 30 in SF-36v2 scores. A positive change in score indicates an improvement since baseline. (NCT03191396)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30
| Intervention | scores on a scale (Mean) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical functioning | Role-physical | Bodily pain | General health | Social functioning | Role-emotional | Vitality | Mental health | Mental component summary | Physical component summary | |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 1.4 | 0.6 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 1.4 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 1.8 | 1.4 | 2.2 | 2.7 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 3.0 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 2.1 |
Treatment Failure defined as A1c>10% at week 13 (visit 5) (NCT01966978)
Timeframe: week 13
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Control: Metformin, Insulin Detemir, Insulin Aspart | 16.1 |
| Metformin, Insulin Determir, Liraglutide | 7.4 |
Percentage of participants with glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c (A1c)<8% AND no documented severe hypoglycemia (<56 mg/dL) during the study AND no significant weight gain (>3% from baseline) (NCT01966978)
Timeframe: Week 0 (Randomization) , Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Control: Metformin, Insulin Detemir, Insulin Aspart | 16 |
| Metformin, Insulin Determir, Liraglutide | 34 |
Percentage of participants experiencing any episodes of documented hypoglycemia defined as CBG reading of <70 mg/dl (NCT01966978)
Timeframe: Week 0 (Randomization) , Week 2, week 4, week 13, Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Control: Metformin, Insulin Detemir, Insulin Aspart | 66.1 |
| Metformin, Insulin Determir, Liraglutide | 35.2 |
Change in glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c (A1c) from randomization to 26 weeks of therapy (NCT01966978)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Control: Metformin, Insulin Detemir, Insulin Aspart | 3.4 |
| Metformin, Insulin Determir, Liraglutide | 4.1 |
Change in body weight from randomization to end of study. (NCT01966978)
Timeframe: Week 0 (Randomization) , Week 26
| Intervention | kilogram (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Control: Metformin, Insulin Detemir, Insulin Aspart | 3.1 |
| Metformin, Insulin Determir, Liraglutide | -0.6 |
(NCT01966978)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Control: Metformin, Insulin Detemir, Insulin Aspart | 20 |
| Metformin, Insulin Determir, Liraglutide | 44 |
Diabetes Quality of Life (DQOL) questionnaires will be completed by the patient at the randomization and end-of study visits. ALL D-QOL domains are scored on a 1-5 scale, with a lower number representing better quality of life or treatment satisfaction. Outcome reported is difference between mean baseline and mean Week 26 score. (NCT01966978)
Timeframe: Week 0 (Randomization) , Week 26
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General Health Perception | Current Health Perception | Treatment Satisfaction | Diabetes Related Worry | Social or Vocational Worry | Hypoglycemia Fear | Glycemic Control Perception | Satisfaction with Insulin Treatment | Willingness to Continue Insulin Treatment | LifeStyle Flexibility | Social Stigma | |
| Control: Metformin, Insulin Detemir, Insulin Aspart | -0.3 | -0.5 | -0.3 | 0.03 | -0.02 | 0.3 | -1.1 | -1.3 | -0.9 | -0.09 | 0.1 |
| Metformin, Insulin Determir, Liraglutide | -0.9 | -1.1 | -0.6 | -0.2 | -0.2 | -0.2 | -1.6 | -1.7 | -1.1 | -0.2 | 0.01 |
Quality of life questionnaires will be completed by the patient at the randomization and end-of study visits. SF-36 is scored on a 1-100 scale; a higher score represents a better self-assessed health - for all domains. (NCT01966978)
Timeframe: Week 0 (Randomization) , Week 26
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Physical Component Summary | Mental Component Summary | |
| Control: Metformin, Insulin Detemir, Insulin Aspart | -0.1 | 0.04 |
| Metformin, Insulin Determir, Liraglutide | 0.007 | 0.09 |
Observed mean change from baseline (week 0) to week 26 in body mass index (BMI). BMI was calculated based on body weight and height ('in-trial' observation period) (NCT02964247)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | kg/m^2 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | -1.02 |
| Placebo | -0.72 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in diastolic blood pressure after 26 weeks ('in-trial' observation period). (NCT02964247)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | -0.72 |
| Placebo | -1.12 |
High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol measured in mg/dL. Observed mean change in fasting high density lipoprotein cholesterol from baseline (week 0) to week 26 is presented as ratio to baseline value. (NCT02964247)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | Ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | 1.05 |
| Placebo | 1.01 |
Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol measured in mg/dL. Observed mean change in fasting low density lipoprotein cholesterol from baseline (week 0) to week 26 is presented as ratio to baseline value. (NCT02964247)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | Ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | 0.97 |
| Placebo | 1.01 |
Fasting total cholesterol measured in mg/dL. Observed mean change in fasting total cholesterol from baseline (week 0) to week 26 is presented as ratio to baseline value. (NCT02964247)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | Ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | 0.95 |
| Placebo | 0.99 |
Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol measured in mg/dL. Observed mean change in fasting very low density lipoprotein cholesterol from baseline (week 0) to week 26 is presented as ratio to baseline value. (NCT02964247)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | Ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | 0.83 |
| Placebo | 0.94 |
Free fatty acids measured in mg/dL. Observed mean change in fasting free fatty acids from baseline (week 0) to week 26 is presented as ratio to baseline value. (NCT02964247)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | Ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | 0.80 |
| Placebo | 0.86 |
Fasting triglycerides measured in mg/dL. Observed mean change in fasting triglycerides from baseline (week 0) to week 26 is presented as ratio to baseline value. (NCT02964247)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | Ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | 0.81 |
| Placebo | 0.93 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 26 in fasting plasma glucose ('in-trial' observation period) (NCT02964247)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | milligram/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | -27.00 |
| Placebo | -11.97 |
Change in self-measured plasma glucose 7-point profile - mean 7-point profile after 26 weeks. Subjects were instructed to measure their plasma glucose at following 7 timepoints: before breakfast, 90 minutes after start of breakfast, before lunch, 90 minutes after start of lunch, before dinner, 90 minutes after start of dinner, at bedtime. Mean of the 7-point profile was calculated ('in-trial' observation period). (NCT02964247)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | milligram/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | -33.93 |
| Placebo | -18.85 |
Subjects were instructed to measure their plasma glucose at following 7 timepoints: before breakfast, 90 minutes after start of breakfast, before lunch, 90 minutes after start of lunch, before dinner, 90 minutes after start of dinner, at bedtime. The mean increment over all meals was derived as the mean of all available meal increments ('in-trial' observation period) (NCT02964247)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | milligram/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | -11.06 |
| Placebo | -4.44 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in systolic blood pressure after 26 weeks ('in-trial' observation period). (NCT02964247)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | -1.95 |
| Placebo | -3.35 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 26 in waist circumference ('in-trial' observation period). (NCT02964247)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | cm (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | -4.28 |
| Placebo | -1.77 |
The on-treatment summary of adverse events includes treatment-emergent events with onset on or after the first day of exposure to randomised treatment and no later than the minimum of the date of the follow-up visit or the last day of randomised treatment + 7 days or the date of last subject-investigator contact. (NCT02964247)
Timeframe: Week 0 - 26 + 7 days
| Intervention | Events (Number) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | 426 |
| Placebo | 106 |
Treatment emergent hypoglycaemic episode is defined episode with onset on or after the first day of exposure to randomised treatment and no later than the minimum of the date of the follow-up visit or the last day of randomised treatment + 1 days or the date of last subject-investigator contact. Severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as episodes that were severe according to American Diabetes Association's (ADA) classification or blood glucose confirmed by a plasma glucose value < 3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. Severe hypoglycaemia according to the ADA definition: an episode requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or take other corrective actions. (NCT02964247)
Timeframe: Week 0 - 26
| Intervention | Episodes (Number) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | 0 |
| Placebo | 3 |
"Change from baseline (week 0) to week 26 in body weight was evaluated for 2 different observation period 'in-trial' observation period and 'on-treatment without rescue medication observation period. The 'in-trial' observation period represents the time-period where subjects were considered to be in the trial, regardless of whether or not the subjects had initiated rescue medication or prematurely discontinued trial product. The 'on-treatment' observation period is the part of the in-trial observation period during which subjects were treated with the trial product, that is the time from the first dose to the last dose of trial product. The 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period is a part of 'on-treatment' observation period during which subjects were considered treated with trial product and had not initiated any rescue medications." (NCT02964247)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | Kg (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| in-trial obs. period | on-treatment without rescue medication obs. period | |
| Liraglutide | -2.84 | -2.89 |
| Placebo | -2.02 | -2.09 |
"Change from baseline (week 0) to week 26 in glycosylated haemoglobin was evaluated for 2 different observation period 'in-trial' observation period and 'on-treatment without rescue medication observation period. The 'in-trial' observation period represents the time-period where subjects were considered to be in the trial, regardless of whether or not the subjects had initiated rescue medication or prematurely discontinued trial product. The 'on-treatment' observation period is the part of the in-trial observation period during which subjects were treated with the trial product, that is the time from the first dose to the last dose of trial product. The 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period is a part of 'on-treatment' observation period during which subjects were considered treated with trial product and had not initiated any rescue medications." (NCT02964247)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of HbA1c (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| in-trial obs. period | on-treatment without rescue medication obs. period | |
| Liraglutide | -1.00 | -1.05 |
| Placebo | -0.32 | -0.35 |
Percentage of subjects who achieve HbA1c below 7.0% (53 mmol/mol) and no weight gain, after 26 week ('in-trial' observation period). (NCT02964247)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Liraglutide | 47.69 | 52.31 |
| Placebo | 19.15 | 80.85 |
Percentage of subjects who achieve HbA1c below 7.0% (53 mmol/mol) without severe or blood glucose confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia episodes and no weight gain, after 26 weeks ('in-trial' observation period) (NCT02964247)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Liraglutide | 47.69 | 52.31 |
| Placebo | 19.15 | 80.85 |
Percentage of subjects who achieve HbA1c below 7.0% (53 mmol/mol), American Diabetes Association target, after 26 weeks ('in-trial' observation period) (NCT02964247)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Liraglutide | 51.79 | 48.21 |
| Placebo | 23.16 | 76.84 |
Percentage of subjects who achieve HbA1c below 7.0% (53 mmol/mol), no weight gain and systolic blood pressure below 140 mmHg, after 26 weeks ('in-trial' observation period) (NCT02964247)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Liraglutide | 42.05 | 57.95 |
| Placebo | 18.09 | 81.91 |
Percentage of subjects who achieve HbA1c below or equal to 6.5% (48 mmol/mol), American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists target, after 26 weeks ('in-trial' observation period) (NCT02964247)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Liraglutide | 34.36 | 65.64 |
| Placebo | 9.47 | 90.53 |
Percentage of subjects who achieve HbA1c reduction above or equal to 1% (11mmol/mol), after 26 weeks ('in-trial' observation period) (NCT02964247)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Liraglutide | 52.31 | 47.69 |
| Placebo | 16.84 | 83.16 |
Percentage of subjects who achieve HbA1c reduction above or equal to 1% (11mmol/mol) and no weight gain, after 26 weeks. (NCT02964247)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Liraglutide | 45.13 | 54.87 |
| Placebo | 14.89 | 85.11 |
Percentage of subjects who achieve HbA1c reduction above or equal to 1% (11mmol/mol) and weight loss above or equal to 3%, after 26 weeks ('in-trial' observation period) (NCT02964247)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Liraglutide | 29.74 | 70.26 |
| Placebo | 7.45 | 92.55 |
Percentage of subjects who achieve HbA1c reduction above or equal to 1% (11mmol/mol) and weight loss above or equal to 3%, after 26 weeks ('in-trial' observation period). (NCT02964247)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Liraglutide | 46.43 | 53.57 |
| Placebo | 41.24 | 58.76 |
To examine whether the mean change from baseline in HbA1c with co-administered saxagliptin 5 mg and dapagliflozin 10 mg plus metformin is superior to titrated glimepiride plus metformin after 52 weeks of double-blind treatment. (NCT02419612)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | % HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin 10mg and Saxagliptin 5mg | -1.35 |
| Titrated Glimepiride | -0.98 |
To examine whether the change from baseline in SBP with co-administered saxagliptin 5 mg and dapagliflozin 10 mg plus metformin is superior to titrated glimepiride plus metformin after 52 weeks of double-blind treatment. (NCT02419612)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin 10mg and Saxagliptin 5mg | -2.6 |
| Titrated Glimepiride | 1.0 |
To examine whether the mean change from baseline in total body weight with co-administered saxagliptin 5 mg and dapagliflozin 10 mg plus metformin is superior to titrated glimepiride plus metformin after 52 weeks of double-blind treatment. (NCT02419612)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | kilogram (kg) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin 10mg and Saxagliptin 5mg | -3.11 |
| Titrated Glimepiride | 0.95 |
Therapeutic glycemic response was defined as HbA1c <7.0%. Subjects rescued or discontinued prior to, and subjects with missing measurements at Week 156 were treated as non-responders. The percentage of subjects with a therapeutic glycemic response is based on the logistic regression method with adjustment for baseline HbA1c. (NCT02419612)
Timeframe: At Week 156
| Intervention | Percentage of Subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin 10mg and Saxagliptin 5mg | 21.4 |
| Titrated Glimepiride | 11.7 |
Therapeutic glycemic response was defined as HbA1c <7.0%. Subjects rescued or discontinued prior to, and subjects with missing measurements at Week 52 were treated as non-responders. The percentage of subjects with a therapeutic glycemic response is based on the logistic regression method with adjustment for baseline HbA1c. (NCT02419612)
Timeframe: At Week 52
| Intervention | Percentage of subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin 10mg and Saxagliptin 5mg | 44.3 |
| Titrated Glimepiride | 34.3 |
Treatment intensification was defined as the addition of insulin or other glucose-lowering agent for rescue therapy or discontinuation for lack of glycemic control. Time to treatment intensification was censored after 156-week treatment period if treatment intensification had not occurred by then. Subjects rescued at Week 156 were counted as having an event for the analysis. The values presented are the percentage of subjects requiring the addition of insulin or other glucose-lowering agent for rescue therapy or discontinuation for lack of glycemic control during the 156-week treatment period. (NCT02419612)
Timeframe: Up to Week 156
| Intervention | Percentage of Subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin 10mg and Saxagliptin 5mg | 37.0 |
| Titrated Glimepiride | 55.6 |
Treatment intensification was defined as the addition of insulin or other glucose-lowering agent for rescue therapy or discontinuation for lack of glycemic control. Time to treatment intensification was censored after the 52-week treatment period if treatment intensification had not occurred by then. Subjects rescued at Week 52 were counted as having an event for the analysis. The values presented are the percentage of subjects requiring the addition of insulin or other glucose-lowering agent for rescue therapy or discontinuation for lack of glycemic control during the 52-week short -term treatment period. (NCT02419612)
Timeframe: Up to Week 52
| Intervention | Percentage of Subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin 10mg and Saxagliptin 5mg | 1.3 |
| Titrated Glimepiride | 8.8 |
Treatment intensification was defined as the addition of insulin or other glucose-lowering agent for rescue therapy or discontinuation for lack of glycemic control. Time to treatment intensification was censored after 156-week treatment period if treatment intensification had not occurred by then. Subjects rescued at Week 156 were counted as having an event for the analysis. Time to treatment intensification curves were generated using Kaplan-Meier estimates and compared using a Cox proportional hazards model. (NCT02419612)
Timeframe: Up to Week 156
| Intervention | Weeks (Median) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin 10mg and Saxagliptin 5mg | NA |
| Titrated Glimepiride | 92.3 |
Body mass index (BMI) measured in kg per meters squared. The analysis sample includes only participants with 24 month data who had not experienced the primary outcome by that time. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: 24 months
| Intervention | kg per meters squared (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1 Metformin Alone | 36.7 |
| 2 Metformin + Rosliglitazone | 38.2 |
| 3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program | 35.3 |
Measured by DXA, both whole body scan and AP-spine scan. The analysis sample includes only participants with 24 month data who had not experienced the primary outcome by that time. In addition, in about 1/3 of participants DXA scans could not be obtained on participants weighing more than 300 pounds (136 kg), the upper limit in size set by the machine manufacturers. Scans were considered invalid if a body part (e.g., arm, leg) was completely off or partially off the scanner, there was hand-hip overlap, or there was motion or movement during the scan. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: 24 months
| Intervention | g/cm squared (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1 Metformin Alone | 1.15 |
| 2 Metformin + Rosliglitazone | 1.15 |
| 3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program | 1.15 |
Determined by DXA whole body scan. The analysis sample includes only participants with 24 month data who had not experienced the primary outcome by that time. In addition, in about 1/3 of participants DXA scans could not be obtained on participants weighing more than 300 pounds (136 kg), the upper limit in size set by the machine manufacturers. Scans were considered invalid if a body part (e.g., arm, leg) was completely off or partially off the scanner, there was hand-hip overlap, or there was motion or movement during the scan. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: 24 months
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1 Metformin Alone | 36.1 |
| 2 Metformin + Rosliglitazone | 39.7 |
| 3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program | 32.2 |
Waist circumference (cm) measured at the iliac crest at its outermost point with the measuring tape placed around the participant in a horizontal plane parallel to the floor at the mark and the measurement teken at the end of normal expiration without the tape compressing the skin. The analysis sample includes only participants with 24 month data who had not experienced the primary outcome by that time. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: 24 months
| Intervention | cm (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1 Metformin Alone | 110.8 |
| 2 Metformin + Rosliglitazone | 114.0 |
| 3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program | 108.6 |
A diagnosis was made by an out-of-range value >=95th percentile or systolic >=130 or diastolic >=80 sustained over 6 months or on an anti-hypertensive medication. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: Data collected at baseline and during follow-up - 2 years to 6.5 years from randomization.
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| 1 Metformin Alone | 57 |
| 2 Metformin + Rosliglitazone | 53 |
| 3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program | 45 |
A diagnosis was made from out-of-range value >= 130 mg/dL sustained over 6 months or put on lipid lowering medication. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: Data collected at baseline and during follow-up - 2 years to 6.5 years from randomization.
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| 1 Metformin Alone | 18 |
| 2 Metformin + Rosliglitazone | 16 |
| 3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program | 15 |
A diagnosis was made by an out-of-range value >=150 mg/dL sustained over 6 months or on appropriate lipid lowering medication. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: Data collected at baseline and during follow-up - 2 years to 6.5 years from randomization.
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| 1 Metformin Alone | 20 |
| 2 Metformin + Rosliglitazone | 28 |
| 3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program | 22 |
Insulinogenic index determined from OGTT as difference in insulin at 30 minutes minus 0 minutes divided by difference in glucose at 30 minutes minus 0 minutes. The analysis sample includes only participants with 24 month data who had not experienced the primary outcome by that time. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: 24 months
| Intervention | uU/mL divided by mg/dL (Median) |
|---|---|
| 1 Metformin Alone | .75 |
| 2 Metformin + Rosliglitazone | .83 |
| 3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program | .71 |
All participants were followed to 24 months. Insulin sensitivity is measured from OGTT as inverse of fasting insulin (mL/uU). The analysis sample includes only participants with 24 month data who had not experienced the primary outcome by that time. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: 24 months
| Intervention | mL/uU (Median) |
|---|---|
| 1 Metformin Alone | 0.037 |
| 2 Metformin + Rosiglitazone | 0.049 |
| 3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program | 0.039 |
Number of serious adverse events reported during the trial. Participant could have multiple episodes reported. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: Reported as occurred during study follow-up - 2 years to 6.5 years from randomization.
| Intervention | episodes of serious adverse event (Number) |
|---|---|
| 1 Metformin Alone | 42 |
| 2 Metformin + Rosiglitazone | 34 |
| 3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program | 58 |
Defined as A1c persistently >=8% over a 6-month period or persistent metabolic decompensation (inability to wean insulin within 3 months of initiation or the occurrence of a second episode within three months of discontinuing insulin) (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: Study duration - 2 years to 6.5 years of follow up from randomization
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment failure | Did not fail treatment during trial | |
| 1 Metformin Alone | 120 | 112 |
| 2 Metformin + Rosliglitazone | 90 | 143 |
| 3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program | 109 | 125 |
Authors will evaluate myocyte lipid accumulation as Oil Red-O positive biopsie after heart transplant at follow up. (NCT03546062)
Timeframe: 12 months.
| Intervention | Endomyocardial Biopsies (Count of Units) |
|---|---|
| Diabetic Metformin Group | 54 |
| Diabetic Group Without Metformin Therapy | 21 |
| Non-diabetic Group | 0 |
(Waist circumference at 12 weeks - waist circumference at randomization) (NCT02561130)
Timeframe: 12 weeks after randomization
| Intervention | cm (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Intervention | -3.0 |
| Standard Care | -1.3 |
Expressed in Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) units (NCT02561130)
Timeframe: 12 weeks after randomization
| Intervention | percentage of glycated hemoglobin (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Intervention | 5.9 |
| Standard Care | 6.6 |
Diabetes relapse without overt hyperglycemia is defined as HbA1C 6.5-6.9% off glucose-lowering agents for at least 12 weeks. (NCT02561130)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Intervention | 20 |
| Standard Care | 9 |
Drug-free diabetes remission is defined as HbA1C < 6.5 % off glucose-lowering agents for at least 12 weeks. (NCT02561130)
Timeframe: 64 weeks after randomization
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Intervention | 11 |
| Standard Care | 6 |
Drug-free diabetes remission is defined as HbA1C < 6.5 % off glucose-lowering agents for at least 12 weeks. (NCT02561130)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after randomization
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Intervention | 19 |
| Standard Care | 13 |
Drug-free complete diabetes remission is defined as HbA1C < 6.0 % off glucose-lowering agents for at least 12 weeks. (NCT02561130)
Timeframe: 24 weeks after randomization
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Intervention | 6 |
| Standard Care | 6 |
Symptomatic hypoglycemic episode is defined as an event with clinical symptoms consistent with hypoglycemia. (NCT02561130)
Timeframe: During 64 weeks of follow-up
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Intervention | 34 |
| Standard Care | 15 |
Severe hypoglycemic episode is defined as an event with clinical symptoms consistent with hypoglycemia in which the participant required the assistance of another person, and one of the following: (i) the event was associated with a documented self-measured or laboratory plasma glucose level NCT02561130)
Timeframe: During 64 weeks of follow-up
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Intervention | 0 |
| Standard Care | 0 |
(Weight at randomization - weight at 12 weeks)/(weight at randomization) (NCT02561130)
Timeframe: 12 weeks after randomization
| Intervention | percentage of weight loss (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Intervention | 2.9 |
| Standard Care | 1.0 |
Measured using the Tanita Body Composition Analyzer scale, measured as percentage body fat. (NCT02467478)
Timeframe: 12 weeks post beginning Linagliptin or placebo treatment
| Intervention | percentage of body fat (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 30.6 |
| Linagliptin | 31.2 |
Measured via blood biochemistry eGFR, an alternative measurement to spot urine urine microalbumin/creatinine ratio presented above (NCT02467478)
Timeframe: 12 weeks post beginning Linagliptin or placebo treatment
| Intervention | mL/min/1.73m^2 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 84.12 |
| Linagliptin | 79.46 |
Glycemic control is evaluated by measuring HbA1c levels to gauge changes in blood sugar control over last ~90 days (NCT02467478)
Timeframe: 12 weeks post beginning Linagliptin or placebo treatment
| Intervention | percentage of hemoglobin (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 7.27 |
| Linagliptin | 6.66 |
Glycemic control is evaluated by measuring fasting blood glucose at time of measurement (NCT02467478)
Timeframe: 12 weeks post beginning Linagliptin or placebo treatment
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 129.68 |
| Linagliptin | 109.93 |
Glycemic control is evaluated by measuring insulin levels at the time of the visit (NCT02467478)
Timeframe: 12 weeks post beginning Linagliptin or placebo treatment
| Intervention | mIU/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 20.82 |
| Linagliptin | 20.52 |
Vessel health is assessed by looking at Arterial stiffness. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) measures the delay between the pulse registered at the femoral artery from the pulse at the carotid. The difference in distance between these two measurement points from the aortic notch is divided by this delay to give a speed. In stiffer, less healthy vessels, the PWV is increased. We used Vascular Flow and wave measurement equipment, SphygmoCor Central Pressure system from AtCor to perform this calculation. (NCT02467478)
Timeframe: 12 weeks post beginning Linagliptin or placebo treatment
| Intervention | m/s (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 10.23 |
| Linagliptin | 10.53 |
(RMR, similar to Resting Energy expenditure measurement): Evaluation of changes in Basal Metabolic Rate (NCT02467478)
Timeframe: 12 weeks post beginning Linagliptin or placebo treatment
| Intervention | Calories/day (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1650.07 |
| Linagliptin | 1657.6 |
Serum endothelial inflammatory markers included here: high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (NCT02467478)
Timeframe: 12 weeks post Linagliptin or Placebo treatment
| Intervention | mg/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 3.08 |
| Linagliptin | 5.17 |
Serum endothelial inflammatory markers included here: Interleukin 6 (IL-6) (NCT02467478)
Timeframe: 12 weeks post Linagliptin or Placebo treatment
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 2.18 |
| Linagliptin | 5.09 |
We measure using microalbumin/creatinine ratio provided from a random spot urine sample. (NCT02467478)
Timeframe: 12 weeks post beginning Linagliptin or placebo treatment
| Intervention | ratio (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 51.12 |
| Linagliptin | 39.70 |
The investigators will use participants' peripheral blood derived CD34+ cells looking at number, function, and gene expression. Post Linagliptin will be compared to pre Linagliptin measurements. Here we report fold changes in protein populations as determined by ELISA. (NCT02467478)
Timeframe: Week 12 expression as a fold difference to Week 0
| Intervention | Fold Change (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PECAM | VEGFA | SOD3 | SOD2 | GPX3 | |
| Linagliptin | 2.48 | 2.4 | 1.15 | 2.47 | 1.36 |
| Placebo | 1.48 | 1.43 | 1.13 | 1.40 | 1.59 |
Measured through serum biochemistry Lipid Panel (NCT02467478)
Timeframe: 12 weeks post beginning Linagliptin or placebo treatment
| Intervention | mg/dl (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Cholesterol | Triglycerides | |
| Linagliptin | 159.69 | 124.31 |
| Placebo | 171.45 | 127.76 |
Vessel health is assessed by looking at Arterial stiffness. Augmentation index (AI) is defined as the ratio of the augmentation pressure to the pulse pressure, times 100, to give a percentage. Augmentation index 75 normalizes this value to an estimate of the AI at a heart rate of 75bpm. We used Vascular Flow and wave measurement equipment, SphygmoCor Central Pressure system from AtCor. (NCT02467478)
Timeframe: 12 weeks post beginning Linagliptin or placebo treatment
| Intervention | Percentage (of pulse pressure) (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Augmentation Index 75 | Augmentation Index | |
| Linagliptin | 22.33 | 24.93 |
| Placebo | 21.37 | 24.17 |
Cortical thickness was measured by QCT. Change was calculated as thickness at Week 76 + 30 days minus thickness at Baseline. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | millimeters (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -0.120 |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -0.040 |
vBMD was measured by QCT. Change from Baseline at Week 76 + 30 days was calculated as vBMD at Week 76 + 30 days minus vBMD at baseline and was assessed by an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. Infero-anterior is the lower and front section of the FN. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | mg/cm^3 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 7.901 |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -5.025 |
Cortical thickness was measured by QCT. Change from Baseline was calculated as thickness at Week 76 + 30 days minus thickness at Baseline. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | millimeters (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -0.082 |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -0.048 |
vBMD was measured by QCT. Change from Baseline at Week 76 + 30 days was calculated as vBMD at Week 76 + 30 days minus vBMD at baseline and was assessed by an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. Infero-posterior is the lower and back section of the FN. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | mg/cm^3 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -12.424 |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -10.244 |
Cortical thickness was measured by QCT. Change from baseline was calculated as thickness at Week 76 + 30 days minus thickness at Baseline. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | millimeters (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -0.117 |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -0.087 |
vBMD was measured by QCT. Change from Baseline at Week 76 + 30 days was calculated as vBMD at Week 76 + 30 days minus vBMD at baseline and was assessed by an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. Supero-anterior is the upper and front section of the FN. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | mg/cm^3 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -4.555 |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -7.553 |
vBMD was measured by QCT. Change from Baseline at Week 76 + 30 days was calculated as vBMD at Week 76 + 30 days minus vBMD at baseline and was assessed by an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. Supero-posterior is the upper and back section of the FN. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | mg/cm^3 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -8.007 |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -7.006 |
Cortical thickness was measured by QCT. Change from baseline was calculated as thickness at Week 76 + 30 days minus thickness at Baseline. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | millimeters (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -0.95 |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -0.067 |
AASC levels were measured from blood samples. AASC is the amount of free calcium circulating in the blood and calcium is required for good bone health. Change from Week 52 was calculated as the Week 76 value minus the Week 52 value and was assessed by an ANCOVA with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Week 52 and Week 76
| Intervention | millimoles per Liter (mmol/L) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 0.01 |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 0.00 |
Cortical thickness was measured by QCT. Change was calculated as thickness at Week 76 + 30 days minus thickness at Week 52 + 30 days. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Week 52 + 30 days and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | millimeters (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 0.09 |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 0.01 |
vBMD was measured by QCT. Change from Week 52 + 30 days to Week 76 + 30 days was calculated as vBMD at Week 76 + 30 days minus vBMD at Week 52 + 30 days and was assessed by an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. Infero-anterior is the lower and front section of the FN. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Week 52 + 30 days and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | mg/cm^3 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 20.15 |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -10.73 |
Cortical thickness was measured by QCT. Change was calculated as thickness at Week 76 + 30 days minus thickness at Week 52 + 30 days. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Week 52 + 30 days and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | millimeters (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -0.08 |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 0.07 |
vBMD was measured by QCT. Change from Week 52 + 30 days to Week 76 + 30 days was calculated as vBMD at Week 76 + 30 days minus vBMD at Week 52 + 30 days and was assessed by an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. Infero-posterior is the lower and back section of the FN. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Week 52 + 30 days and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | mg/cm^3 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 15.48 |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -17.59 |
Cortical thickness was measured by QCT. Change was calculated as thickness at Week 76 + 30 days minus thickness at Week 52 + 30 days. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Week 52 + 30 days and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | millimeters (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 0.11 |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -0.13 |
vBMD was measured by QCT. Change from Week 52 + 30 days to Week 76 + 30 days was calculated as vBMD at Week 76 + 30 days minus vBMD at Week 52 + 30 days and was assessed by an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. Supero-anterior is the upper and front section of the FN. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Week 52 + 30 days and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | mg/cm^3 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 5.19 |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -6.24 |
Cortical thickness was measured by QCT. Change was calculated as thickness at Week 76 + 30 days minus thickness at Week 52 + 30 days. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Week 52 + 30 days and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | millimeters (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 0.18 |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -0.05 |
vBMD was measured by QCT. Change from Week 52 + 30 days to Week 76 + 30 days was calculated as vBMD at Week 76 + 30 days minus vBMD at Week 52 + 30 days and was assessed by an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therpay, and region. Supero-posterior is the upper and back section of the FN. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Week 52 + 30 days and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | mg/cm^3 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 9.30 |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -4.92 |
FN BMD (measured in grams per centimeters squared [g/cm^2]) was measured by DXA. Bone mineral density is calculated as the mineral content of a bone divided by the area of the bone. DXA is the principal technique used for measuring BMD. Percent change from Baseline at Week 52 was calculated as (BMD at Week 52 minus BMD at Baseline)/BMD at Baseline x 100% and was assessed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. Change in FN BMD at Week 52 was only analyzed within the Rosiglitazone arm. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -1.24 |
FN BMD (measured in grams per centimeters squared [g/cm^2]) was measured by DXA. Bone mineral density is calculated as the mineral content of a bone divided by the area of the bone. DXA is the principal technique used for measuring BMD. Percent change from Baseline at Week 76+10 days was calculated as (BMD at Week 76+10 days minus BMD at Baseline)/BMD at Baseline x 100% and was assessed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 76+10 days
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -1.91 |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 0.31 |
FN BMD (measured in grams per centimeters squared [g/cm^2]) was measured by DXA. Bone mineral density is calculated as the mineral content of a bone divided by the area of the bone. DXA is the principal technique used for measuring BMD. Percent change from Week 52+10 days to Week 76+10 days was calculated as (BMD at Week 76+10 days minus BMD at Week 52+10 days)/BMD at Week 52+10 days x 100% and was assessed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Week 52+10 days and Week 76+10 days
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -0.07 |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -0.02 |
Cortical thickness (measured in millimeters) was measured by QCT. Percent change was calculated as (thickness at Week 76 + 30 days minus thickness at Week 52 + 30 days)/thickness at Week 52 + 30 days x 100%. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Week 52 + 30 days and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 3.12 |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 1.56 |
Cortical thickness (measured in millimeters) was measured by QCT. Percent change was calculated as (thickness at Week 76 + 30 days minus thickness at Week 52 + 30 days)/thickness at Week 52 + 30 days x 100%. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Week 52 + 30 days and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -1.48 |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 2.04 |
Cortical thickness (measured in millimeters) was measured by QCT. Percent change was calculated as (thickness at Week 76 + 30 days minus thickness at Week 52 + 30 days)/thickness at Week 52 + 30 days x 100%. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Week 52 + 30 days and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 14.02 |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -13.65 |
Cortical thickness (measured in millimeters) was measured by QCT. Percent change was calculated as (thickness at Week 76 + 30 days minus thickness at Week 52 + 30 days)/thickness at Week 52 + 30 days x 100%. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Week 52 + 30 days and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 32.42 |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -7.80 |
BMD (measured in milligrams per centimeters cubed [mg/cm^3]) was measured by QCT. Percent change from Week 52 + 30 days to Week 76 + 30 days was calculated as (vBMD at Week 76 + 30 days minus vBMD at Week 52 + 30 days)/vBMD at Week 52 + 30 days x 100% and was assessed by an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Week 52 + 30 days and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 3.53 |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -2.11 |
AASC levels were measured from blood samples. AASC is the amount of free calcium circulating in the blood and calcium is required for good bone health. Change from baseline was calculated as the Week 52or Week 76 value minus the baseline value and was assessed by an ANCOVA with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52, and Week 76
| Intervention | millimoles per Liter (mmol/L) (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 52, n=73, 83 | Week 76, n=64, 75 | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 0.03 | 0.04 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 0.01 | 0.03 |
Vitamin D levels were measured in nanomoles per Liter (nmol/L) from blood samples. Vitamin D is required for good bone health. Percent change was based on log-transformed data and was assessed by an ANCOVA with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52, and Week 76
| Intervention | percent change (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 52, GM - SE, n=61, 65 | Week 52, GM, n=61, 65 | Week 52, GM + SE, n=61, 65 | Week 76, GM - SE, n=55, 58 | Week 76, GM, n=55, 58 | Week 76, GM + SE, n=55, 58 | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -15.9 | -12.2 | -8.4 | -12.5 | -8.9 | -5.2 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -27.9 | -24.7 | -21.4 | -21.3 | -18.1 | -14.6 |
BSAP and P1NP levels were measured in micrograms per liter (mcg/L) from blood samples. BSAP and P1NP are indicators of bone buildup or formation. GM, geometric mean; SE, standard error. Percent change was based on log-transformed data and was assessed by an ANCOVA with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52, and Week 76
| Intervention | percent change (Number) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 52, GM - SE, BSAP, n=78, 84 | Week 52, GM, BSAP, n=78, 84 | Week 52, GM + SE, BSAP, n=78, 84 | Week 76, GM - SE, BSAP, n=64, 77 | Week 76, GM, BSAP, n=64, 77 | Week 76, GM + SE, BSAP, n=64, 77 | Week 52, GM - SE, P1NP, n=76, 83 | Week 52, GM, P1NP, n=76, 83 | Week 52, GM + SE, P1NP, n=76, 83 | Week 76 GM - SE, P1NP, n=63, 75 | Week 76, GM, P1NP, n=63, 75 | Week 76, GM + SE, P1NP, n=63, 75 | |
| Metformin | -29.7 | -27.3 | -24.8 | -26.7 | -24.3 | -21.8 | -16.5 | -13.3 | -9.9 | -14.5 | -10.5 | -6.4 |
| Rosiglitazone | -15.2 | -12.3 | -9.3 | -18.7 | -15.9 | -12.9 | 5.0 | 9.0 | 13.3 | -11.2 | -6.9 | -2.4 |
CTX levels were measured in picograms per milliliter (pg/ml) from blood samples. CTX is an indicator of bone break down or resorption. Percent change was based on log-transformed data and was assessed by an ANCOVA with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52, and Week 76
| Intervention | percent change (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 52, GM - SE, n=77, 84 | Week 52, GM, n=77, 84 | Week 52, GM + SE, n=77, 84 | Week 76, GM - SE, n=63, 77 | Week 76, GM, n=63, 77 | Week 76, GM + SE, n=63, 77 | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -7.8 | -2.3 | 3.7 | -4.5 | 2.6 | 10.3 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 11.3 | 18.1 | 25.4 | -19.5 | -13.1 | -6.1 |
Cortical thickness (measured in millimeters) was measured by QCT. Percent change was calculated as (thickness at Week 52 + 30 days (orWeek 76 + 30 days) minus thickness at Baseline)/thickness at Baseline x 100%. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52 + 30 days, and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 52 + 30 days, n=32, 35 | Week 76 + 30 days, n=31, 30 | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 0.64 | 0.39 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -6.05 | -3.59 |
vBMD (measured in milligrams per centimeters cubed [mg/cm^3]) was measured by QCT. Percent change from Baseline at Week 52 + 30 days or Week 76 + 30 days was calculated as (vBMD at Week 52 + 30 days (orWeek 76 + 30 days) minus vBMD at baseline)/vBMD at Baseline x 100% and was assessed by an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. Infero-anterior is the lower and front section of the FN. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52 + 30 days, and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 52 + 30 days, Integral, n=32, 35 | Week 52, Trabecular, n=32, 35 | Week 52, Cortical, n=32, 35 | Week 76 + 30 days, Integral, n=31, 30 | Week 76 + 30 days, Trabecular, n=31, 30 | Week 76 + 30 days, Cortical, n=31, 30 | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 1.26 | 930.71 | 0.85 | 0.54 | 37.81 | -0.63 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -4.35 | -161.59 | -1.85 | -0.29 | 81.29 | 1.45 |
Cortical thickness (measured in millimeters) was measured by QCT. Percent change was calculated as (thickness at Week 52 + 30 days (or Week 76 + 30 days) minus thickness at Baseline)/thickness at Baseline x 100%. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52 + 30 days, and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 52 + 30 days, n=32, 35 | Week 76 + 30 days, n=31, 30 | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -1.27 | -0.11 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 0.47 | -1.46 |
vBMD (measured in milligrams per centimeters cubed [mg/cm^3]) was measured by QCT. Percent change from Baseline at Week 52 + 30 days or Week 76 + 30 days was calculated as (vBMD at Week 52 + 30 days (or Week 76 + 30 days) minus vBMD at baseline)/vBMD at Baseline x 100% and was assessed by an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. Infero-posterior is the lower and back section of the FN. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52 + 30 days, and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 52 + 30 days, Integral, n=32, 35 | Week 52 + 30 days, Trabecular, n=32, 35 | Week 52 + 30 days, Cortical, n=32, 35 | Week 76 + 30 days, Integral, n=31, 30 | Week 76 + 30 days, Trabecular, n=31, 30 | Week 76 + 30 days, Cortical, n=31, 30 | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 1.74 | 282.16 | 1.14 | 0.01 | 13.54 | -1.17 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -4.11 | -84.08 | -3.42 | -3.11 | 24.46 | -1.32 |
vBMD (measured in milligrams per centimeters cubed [mg/cm^3]) was measured by QCT. Percent change from Baseline at Week 52 + 30 days or Week 76 + 30 days was calculated as (vBMD at Week 52 + 30 days (orWeek 76 + 30 days) minus vBMD at baseline)/vBMD at Baseline x 100% and was assessed by an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52 + 30 days, and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 52 + 30 days, Integral, n=32, 35 | Week 52 + 30 days, Trabecular, n=32, 35 | Week 52 + 30 days, Cortical, n=32, 35 | Week 76 + 30 days, Integral, n=31, 30 | Week 76 + 30 days, Trabecular, n=31, 30 | Week 76 + 30 days, Cortical, n=31, 30 | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 0.58 | 0.91 | -0.20 | -0.61 | 2.27 | -1.60 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -3.72 | -1.83 | -1.00 | -2.13 | -1.05 | -0.46 |
Cortical thickness (measured in millimeters) was measured by QCT. Percent change was calculated as (thickness at Week 52 + 30 days(or Week 76 + 30 days) minus thickness at Baseline)/thickness at Baseline x 100%. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52 + 30 days, and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 52 + 30 days, n=32, 35 | Week 76 + 30 days, n=31, 30 | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 5.05 | -4.78 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -13.45 | -4.23 |
vBMD (measured in milligrams per centimeters cubed [mg/cm^3]) was measured by QCT. Percent change from Baseline at Week 52 + 30 daysor Week 76 + 30 days was calculated as (vBMD at Week 52 + 30 days(or Week 76 + 30 days) minus vBMD at baseline)/vBMD at Baseline x 100% and was assessed by an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. Supero-anterior is the upper and front section of the FN. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52 plus 30 days, and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 52 + 30 days, Integral, n=32, 35 | Week 52 + 30 days, Trabecular, n=32, 35 | Week 52 + 30 days, Cortical, n=32, 35 | Week 76 + 30 days, Integral, n=31, 30 | Week 76 + 30 days, Trabecular, n=31, 30 | Week 76 + 30 days, Cortical, n=31, 30 | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -0.58 | 2.82 | -0.25 | -2.45 | 3.98 | -1.49 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -6.56 | 3.59 | -1.91 | -4.97 | -0.85 | -0.93 |
Cortical thickness (measured in millimeters) was measured by QCT. Percent change was calculated as (thickness at Week 52 + 30 days (or Week 76 + 30 days) minus thickness at Baseline)/thickness at Baseline x 100% (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52 + 30 days, and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 52 + 30 days, n=32, 35 | Week 76 + 30 days, n=31,30 | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 1.00 | -1.50 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -20.48 | -3.52 |
vBMD (measured in milligrams per centimeters cubed [mg/cm^3]) was measured by QCT. Percent change from Baseline at Week 52 + 30 days orWeek 76 + 30 days was calculated as (vBMD at Week 52 + 30 days (or Week 76 + 30 days) minus vBMD at baseline)/vBMD at Baseline x 100% and was assessed by an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therpay, and region. Supero-posterior is the upper and back section of the FN. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52 + 30 days, and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 52 + 30 days, Integral, n=32, 35 | Week 52 + 30 days, Trabecular, n=32, 35 | Week 52 + 30 days, Cortical, n=32, 35 | Week 76 + 30 days, Integral, n=31, 30 | Week 76 + 30 days, Trabecular, n=31, 30 | Week 76 + 30 days, Cortical, n=31, 30 | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -0.03 | 5.57 | -0.66 | 1.07 | 10.24 | -1.30 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -10.26 | 2.77 | -3.76 | -4.21 | 2.37 | -1.65 |
BMD (measured in grams per centimeters squared [g/cm^2]) was measured by QCT. BMD by QCT is the 2-dimensional volume that mimics the DXA measurement for the same region. Percent change from Baseline at Week 52 + 30 days orWeek 76 + 30 days was calculated as (BMD at Week 52 + 30 days (orWeek 76 + 30 days) minus BMD at baseline)/BMD at Baseline x 100% and was assessed by an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52 + 30 days, and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 52 + 30 days; Femoral neck (FN), n=32, 35 | Week 52 + 30 days; Total hip (TH), n=32, 35 | Week 52 + 30 days; Trochanter (Tro.), n=32, 35 | Week 52+30 days; Intertrochanter (Inter.),n=32, 35 | Week 76+30 days; Femoral neck (FN), n=31, 30 | Week 76 + 30 days; TH, n=31, 30 | Week 76 + 30 days; Tro., n=31, 30 | Week 76 + 30 days; Inter., n=31, 30 | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 0.09 | 0.09 | -0.23 | 0.77 | -1.52 | -0.32 | -1.28 | 0.30 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -2.39 | -3.39 | -4.53 | -3.36 | -1.98 | -2.11 | -2.86 | -1.66 |
BMD (measured in grams per centimeters squared [g/cm^2]) was measured by DXA. Percent change from Baseline at Week 52 was calculated as (BMD at Week 52 minus BMD at Baseline)/BMD at Baseline x 100% and was assessed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Femoral neck, n=52, 54 | Total hip, n=52, 54 | Trochanter, n=52, 54 | Lumbar spine, n=51, 53 | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 0.72 | -0.38 | -0.78 | 0.12 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -1.24 | -0.77 | -0.21 | -1.21 |
BMD (measured in grams per centimeters squared [g/cm^2]) was measured by DXA. Percent change from Baseline at Week 52 + 10 days or Week 76 + 10 days was calculated as (BMD at Week 52 + 10 days (or Week 76 + 10 days ) minus BMD at Baseline)/BMD at Baseline x 100% and was assessed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52 + 10 days, and Week 76 + 10 days
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 52 + 10 days; Femoral neck (FN), n=70, 78 | Week 52 + 10 days; Total hip (TH), n=70, 78 | Week 52 + 10 days; Trochanter (Tro.), n=70, 78 | Week 52 + 10 days; Lumbar spine (LS), n=70, 76 | Week 76 + 10 days; FN, n=65, 70 | Week 76 + 10 days; TH, n=65, 70 | Week 76 + 10 days; Tro., n=65, 70 | Week 76 + 10 days; LS, n=65, 71 | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 0.22 | -0.72 | -1.04 | 0.04 | 0.31 | -0.83 | -1.35 | 0.85 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -1.47 | -1.62 | -1.45 | -1.41 | -1.91 | -1.70 | -2.14 | -1.24 |
BMD (measured in grams per centimeters squared [g/cm^2]) was measured by DXA. Percent change from Baseline at Week 52 + 30 days or Week 76 + 30 days was calculated as (BMD at Week 52 + 30 days (or Week 76 + 30 days) minus BMD at Baseline)/BMD at Baseline x 100% and was assessed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52 + 30 days, and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 52 + 30 days; Femoral neck (FN), n=77, 83 | Week 52 + 30 days; Total hip (TH), n=77, 83 | Week 52 + 30 days; Trochanter (Tro.), n=77, 83 | Week 52 + 30 days; Lumbar spine (LS), n=79, 81 | Week 76 + 30 days; FN, n=66, 74 | Week 76 + 30 days; TH, n=66, 74 | Week 76 + 30 days; Tro., n=66, 74 | Week 76 + 30 days; LS, n=66, 72 | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 0.24 | -0.72 | -1.01 | 0.11 | 0.29 | -0.68 | -0.96 | 1.13 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -1.59 | -1.79 | -1.83 | -1.60 | -2.05 | -1.79 | -2.53 | -1.15 |
Intact PTH levels were measured in nanograms per Liter (ng/L) from blood samples. Intact PTH is the amount of PTH circulating in the blood and influences bone health. Percent change was based on log-transformed data and was assessed by an ANCOVA with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52, and Week 76
| Intervention | percent change (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 52, GM - SE, n=64, 71 | Week 52, GM, n=64, 71 | Week 52, GM + SE, n=64, 71 | Week 76, GM - SE, n=56, 64 | Week 76, GM, n=56, 64 | Week 76, GM + SE, n=56, 64 | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -25.9 | -22.0 | -17.8 | -26.2 | -20.8 | -15.0 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -16.5 | -12.0 | -7.2 | -28.8 | -23.1 | -17.0 |
vBMD (measured in milligrams per centimeters cubed [mg/cm^3]) was measured by QCT. Percent change from Baseline at Week 52 + 30 days or Week 76 + 30 days was calculated as (vBMD at Week 52 + 30 days (or Week 76 + 30 days) minus vBMD at baseline)/vBMD at Baseline x 100% and was assessed by an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52 + 30 days, and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 52 + 30 days, Integral, n=32, 35 | Week 52 + 30 days, Trabecular, n=32, 35 | Week 52 + 30 days, Cortical, n=32, 35 | Week 76 + 30 days, Integral, n=31, 30 | Week 76 + 30 days, Trabecular, n=31, 30 | Week 76 + 30 days, Cortical, n=31, 30 | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 2.18 | -0.22 | 0.99 | 1.88 | 0.27 | 0.79 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -3.47 | -4.26 | -0.76 | -0.92 | -3.09 | 0.41 |
Volumetric (v)BMD (measured in milligrams per centimeters cubed [mg/cm^3]) was measured by QCT. vBMD is the 3-dimensional density of a region of bone. Cortical bone is dense bone. Trabecular bone is spongy bone. Integral bone is the sum of cortical and trabecular bone measurements. Cortical thickness is the width of the cortical shell. Percent change from Baseline was calculated as (vBMD at Week 52+30 days (or Week 76+30 days) minus vBMD at baseline)/vBMD at Baseline x 100% and was assessed by ANCOVA with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52 + 30 days, and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 52 + 30 days; Integral, n=32, 35 | Week 52 + 30 days; Trabecular, n=32, 35 | Week 52 + 30 days; Cortical, n=32, 35 | Week 76 + 30 days; Integral, n=31, 30 | Week 76 + 30 days; Trabecular, n=31, 30 | Week 76 + 30 days; Cortical, n=31, 30 | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 0.99 | 0.21 | 0.52 | 0.85 | 0.70 | 0.50 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -3.60 | -3.63 | -0.54 | -1.70 | -2.66 | 0.23 |
vBMD (measured in milligrams per centimeters cubed [mg/cm^3]) was measured by QCT. Percent change from Baseline at Week 52 + 30 days or Week 76 + 30 days was calculated as (vBMD at Week 52 + 30 days (or Week 76 + 30 days) minus vBMD at baseline)/vBMD at Baseline x 100% and was assessed by an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52 + 30 days, and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 52 + 30 days, Integral, n=32, 35 | Week 52 + 30 days, Trabecular, n=32, 35 | Week 52 + 30 days, Cortical, n=32, 35 | Week 76 + 30 days, Integral, n=31, 30 | Week 76 + 30 days, Trabecular, n=31, 30 | Week 76 + 30 days, Cortical, n=31, 30 | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 0.01 | 0.67 | -0.18 | -0.93 | 0.92 | -0.64 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -4.80 | -3.43 | -1.26 | -2.88 | -2.42 | -0.49 |
BMD (measured in milligrams per centimeters cubed [mg/cm^3]) was measured by QCT. Percent change from Baseline at Week 52 + 30 days or Week 76 + 30 days was calculated as (vBMD at Week 52 + 30 days (orWeek 76 + 30 days) minus vBMD at baseline)/vBMD at Baseline x 100% and was assessed by an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52 + 30 days, and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 52 + 30 days, n=32, 35 | Week 76 + 30 days, n=31, 30 | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -1.72 | -3.91 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -6.71 | -5.15 |
Vitamin D levels were measured in nanomoles per Liter (nmol/L) from blood samples. Vitamin D is required for good bone health. Percent change was based on log-transformed data and was assessed by an ANCOVA with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Week 52 and Week 76
| Intervention | percent change (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| GM - SE | GM | GM + SE | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -7.7 | -3.2 | 1.5 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -4.7 | 0.1 | 5.1 |
BSAP and P1NP levels were measured in micrograms per liter (mcg/L) from blood samples. BSAP and P1NP are indicators of bone buildup or formation. GM, geometric mean; SE, standard error. Percent change was based on log-transformed data and was assessed by an ANCOVA with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Week 52 and Week 76
| Intervention | percent change (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GM - SE, BSAP, n=64, 76 | GM, BSAP, n=64, 76 | GM + SE, BSAP, n=64, 76 | GM - SE, P1NP, n=63, 76 | GM, P1NP, n=63, 76 | GM + SE, P1NP, n=63, 76 | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 4.3 | 8.0 | 11.8 | 3.2 | 7.0 | 11.0 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -5.6 | -2.0 | 1.8 | -15.8 | -12.4 | -9.0 |
CTX levels were measured in picograms per milliliter (pg/ml) from blood samples. CTX is an indicator of bone break down or resorption. Percent change was based on log-transformed data and was assessed by an ANCOVA with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Week 52 and Week 76
| Intervention | percent change (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| GM - SE | GM | GM + SE | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 2.2 | 8.4 | 14.9 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -31.2 | -26.7 | -21.9 |
vBMD (measured in milligrams per centimeters cubed [mg/cm^3]) was measured by QCT. Percent change from Week 52 + 30 days to Week 76 + 30 days was calculated as (vBMD at Week 76 + 30 days minus vBMD at Week 52 + 30 days)/vBMD at Week 52 + 30 days x 100% and was assessed by an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. Infero-anterior is the lower and front section of the FN. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Week 52 + 30 days and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Integral | Trabecular | Cortical | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 0.38 | 260.13 | -1.64 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 5.05 | -90.60 | 3.68 |
vBMD (measured in milligrams per centimeters cubed [mg/cm^3]) was measured by QCT. Percent change from Week 52 + 30 days to Week 76 + 30 days was calculated as (vBMD at Week 76 + 30 days minus vBMD at Week 52 + 30 days)/vBMD at Week 52 + 30 days x 100% and was assessed by an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. Infero-posterior is the lower and back section of the FN. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Week 52 + 30 days and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Integral | Trabecular | Cortical | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -1.87 | 161.81 | -2.50 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 1.47 | -39.81 | 2.67 |
vBMD (measured in milligrams per centimeters cubed [mg/cm^3]) was measured by QCT. Percent change from Week 52 + 30 days to Week 76 + 30 days was calculated as (vBMD at Week 76 + 30 days minus vBMD at Week 52 + 30 days)/vBMD at Week 52 + 30 days x 100% and was assessed by an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Week 52 + 30 days and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Integral | Trabecular | Cortical | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -1.37 | 2.21 | -1.30 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 2.21 | 0.27 | 1.03 |
vBMD (measured in milligrams per centimeters cubed [mg/cm^3]) was measured by QCT. Percent change from Week 52 + 30 days to Week 76 + 30 days was calculated as (vBMD at Week 76 + 30 days minus vBMD at Week 52 + 30 days)/vBMD at Week 52 + 30 days x 100% and was assessed by an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. Supero-anterior is the upper and front section of the FN. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Week 52 + 30 days and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Integral | Trabecular | Cortical | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -1.81 | 6.63 | -1.28 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 2.96 | -2.78 | 1.19 |
vBMD (measured in milligrams per centimeters cubed [mg/cm^3]) was measured by QCT. Percent change from Week 52 + 30 days to Week 76 + 30 days was calculated as (vBMD at Week 76 + 30 days minus vBMD at Week 52 + 30 days)/vBMD at Week 52 + 30 days x 100% and was assessed by an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therpay, and region. Supero-posterior is the upper and back section of the FN. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Week 52 + 30 days and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Integral | Trabecular | Cortical | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 0.52 | -11.69 | -0.94 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 8.29 | 36.05 | 2.17 |
BMD (measured in grams per centimeters squared [g/cm^2]) was measured by QCT. BMD by QCT is the 2-dimensional volume that mimics the DXA measurement for the same region. Percent change from Week 52 + 30 days to Week 76 + 30 days was calculated as (BMD at Week 76 + 30 days minus BMD at Week 52 + 30 days)/BMD at Week 52 + 30 days x 100% and was assessed by an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Week 52 + 30 days and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| percent change | Total hip | Trochanter | Intertrochanter | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -1.39 | -0.18 | -0.91 | -0.25 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 0.95 | 1.61 | 1.81 | 2.05 |
BMD (measured in grams per centimeters squared [g/cm^2]) was measured by DXA. Percent change from Week 52 + 10 days toat Week 76 + 10 days was calculated as (BMD at Week 76 + 10 days minus BMD at Week 52 + 10 days)/BMD at Week 52 + 10 days x 100% and was assessed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Week 52 + 10 days and Week 76 + 10 days
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Femoral neck, n=56, 62 | Total hip, n=56, 62 | Trochanter, n=56, 62 | Lumbar spine, n=55, 62 | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -0.02 | -0.13 | -0.68 | 1.03 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -0.07 | 0.40 | -0.02 | 0.26 |
BMD (measured in grams per centimeters squared [g/cm^2]) was measured by DXA. Percent change from Week 52 + 30 days to Week 76 + 30 days was calculated as (BMD at Week 76 + 30 days minus BMD at Week 52 + 30 days)/BMD at Week 52 + 30 days x 100% and was assessed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Week 52 + 30 days and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Femoral neck, n=64, 73 | Total hip, n=64, 73 | Trochanter, n=64, 73 | Lumbar spine, n=65, 70 | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -0.25 | -0.27 | -0.47 | 0.90 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -0.27 | 0.00 | -0.17 | 0.54 |
Intact PTH levels were measured in nanograms per Liter (ng/L) from blood samples. Intact PTH is the amount of PTH circulating in the blood and influences bone health. Percent change was based on log-transformed data and was assessed by an ANCOVA with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Week 52 and Week 76
| Intervention | percent change (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| GM - SE | GM | GM + SE | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -1.7 | 4.3 | 10.7 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -13.2 | -7.4 | -1.3 |
vBMD (measured in milligrams per centimeters cubed [mg/cm^3]) was measured by QCT. Percent change from Week 52 + 30 days to Week 76 + 30 days was calculated as (vBMD at Week 76 + 30 days minus vBMD at Week 52 + 30 days)/vBMD at Week 52 + 30 days x 100% and was assessed by an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Week 52 + 30 days and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| percent change | Trabecular | Cortical | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -0.46 | 1.21 | -0.27 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 2.83 | 1.16 | 1.29 |
Volumetric (v)BMD (measured in milligrams per centimeters cubed [mg/cm^3]) was measured by QCT. vBMD is the 3-dimensional density of a region of bone. Cortical bone is dense bone. Trabecular bone is spongy bone. Integral bone is the sum of cortical and trabecular bone measurements. Cortical thickness is the width of the cortical shell. Percent change from Week 52 + 30 days was calculated as (vBMD at Week 76 + 30 days minus vBMD at Week 52 + 30 days)/ vBMD at Week 52 + 30 days x 100% and was assessed by an ANCOVA with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Week 52 + 30 days and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Integral | Trabecular | Cortical | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -0.20 | 1.15 | -0.06 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 2.24 | 0.90 | 0.94 |
vBMD (measured in milligrams per centimeters cubed [mg/cm^3]) was measured by QCT. Percent change from Week 52 + 30 days to Week 76 + 30 days was calculated as (vBMD at Week 76 + 30 days minus vBMD at Week 52 + 30 days)/vBMD at Week 52 + 30 days x 100% and was assessed by an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with terms for treatment, baseline value, prior therapy, and region. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Week 52 + 30 days and Week 76 + 30 days
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| percent change | Trabecular | Cortical | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -0.90 | 0.95 | -0.65 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 2.22 | 1.07 | 0.78 |
Free testosterone levels were measured as a percentage of total testosterone from blood samples. Free testosterone is the amount of testosterone available to the body for use. Percent change from baseline was based on log-transformed data. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52, and Week 76
| Intervention | percent change (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 52, GM - SE, n=74, 82 | Week 52, GM, n=74, 82 | Week 52, GM + SE, n=74, 82 | Week 76, GM - SE, n=64, 75 | Week 76, GM, n=64, 75 | Week 76, GM + SE, n=64, 75 | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 2.5725 | 6.266 | 10.0934 | -1.9532 | 2.478 | 7.1093 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -9.9964 | -5.940 | 1.7006 | -0.3232 | 3.687 | 7.8593 |
Serum estradiol levels were measured in picomoles per Liter (pmol/L) from blood samples. Estradiol is one form of the female sex hormone estrogen and influences bone health. Percent change from baseline was based on log-transformed data. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52, and Week 76
| Intervention | percent change (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 52, GM - SE, n=74, 82 | Week 52, GM, n=74, 82 | Weel 52, GM + SE, n=74, 82 | Week 76, GM - SE, n=64, 76 | Week 76, GM, n=64, 76 | Week 76, GM + SE, n=64, 76 | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -31.4166 | -17.280 | -0.2292 | 0.4372 | 21.389 | 46.7122 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -17.0838 | -3.453 | 12.4189 | -16.0971 | 0.215 | 19.6987 |
SHBG levels were measured in nanomoles per liter (nmol/L) from blood samples. SHBG binds to estradiol and testosterone and influences the amount of estradiol or testosterone available to the body for use. Percent change from baseline was based on log-transformed data. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52, and Week 76
| Intervention | percent change (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 52, GM - SE, n=74, 83 | Week 52, GM, n=74, 83 | Week 52, GM + SE, n=74, 83 | Week 76, GM - SE, n=61, 67 | Week 76, GM, n=61, 67 | Week 76, GM + SE, n=61, 67 | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 4.3929 | 8.146 | 12.0349 | 4.0983 | 9.846 | 15.9116 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 33.2608 | 37.563 | 42.0049 | -0.2973 | 3.137 | 6.6896 |
Total testosterone levels were measured in nanomoles per Liter (nmol/L) from blood samples. Testosterone is a male sex hormone and influences bone health; total testosterone is the entire amount circulating in blood. Percent change from baseline was based on log-transformed data. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52, and Week 76
| Intervention | percent change (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 52, GM - SE, n=74, 82 | Week 52, GM, n=74, 82 | Week 52, GM + SE, n=74, 82 | Week 76, GM - SE, n=64, 75 | Week 76, GM, n=64, 75 | Week 76, GM + SE, n=64, 75 | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -5.8206 | 1.044 | 8.4082 | -8.2870 | -2.932 | 2.7363 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 14.1569 | 19.689 | 25.4897 | -12.5441 | -8.156 | -3.5470 |
Free estradiol levels were measured in picomoles per Liter (pmol/L) from blood samples. Free estrodial is the amount of estrogen available to the body for use. Change was based on log-transformed data. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Week 52 and Week 76
| Intervention | percent change (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| GM - SE | GM | GM + SE | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 96.1843 | 173.932 | 282.4903 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -29.5250 | -3.239 | 32.8525 |
Free testosterone levels were measured as a percentage of total testosterone from blood samples. Free testosterone is the amount of testosterone available to the body for use. Percent change from baseline was based on log-transformed data. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Week 52 and Week 76
| Intervention | percent change (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| GM - SE | GM | GM + SE | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -6.9549 | -3.537 | 0.0073 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 3.1109 | 8.993 | 15.2100 |
Free estradiol levels were measured as a percentage of serum estrogen from blood samples. Free estradiol is the amount of estrogen available to the body for use. Percent change was based on log-transformed data. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Week 52 and Week 76
| Intervention | percent change (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| GM - SE | GM | GM + SE | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -5.4666 | -0.975 | 3.7301 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -7.6337 | -2.683 | 2.5337 |
Serum estradiol levels were measured in picomoles per Liter (pmol/L) from blood samples. Estradiol is one form of the female sex hormone estrogen and influences bone health. Percent change from baseline was based on log-transformed data. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Week 52 and Week 76
| Intervention | percent change (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| GM - SE | GM | GM + SE | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | 29.3058 | 50.823 | 75.9217 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -15.2056 | 0.513 | 19.1447 |
SHBG levels were measured in nanomoles per liter (nmol/L) from blood samples. SHBG binds to estradiol and testosterone and influences the amount of estradiol or testosterone available to the body for use. Percent change from baseline was based on log-transformed data. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Week 52 and Week 76
| Intervention | percent change (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| GM - SE | GM | GM + SE | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -3.9036 | -0.825 | 2.3517 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -27.0129 | -24.624 | -22.1566 |
Total testosterone levels were measured in nanomoles per Liter (nmol/L) from blood samples. Testosterone is a male sex hormone and influences bone health; total testosterone is the entire amount circulating in blood. Percent change from baseline was based on log-transformed data. (NCT00679939)
Timeframe: Week 52 and Week 76
| Intervention | percent change (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| GM - SE | GM | GM + SE | |
| Metformin in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -13.9923 | -7.102 | 0.3411 |
| Rosiglitazone in DB Period; Metformin in OL Period | -29.0307 | -24.373 | -19.4104 |
Differences in augmentation index (AI, %) using oscillometry at baseline and 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment with metformin or agonist GLP-1R. (NCT03010683)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months.
| Intervention | percentage of the central pulse pressure (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 3 months | 6 months | 12 months | |
| Liraglutide | 18 | 15.8 | 13 | 13.9 |
| Metformin | 14 | 13.6 | 15 | 15.3 |
Differences in endothelial glycocalyx thickness as assessed by perfused boundary region (PBR, micrometers) of the sublingual arterial microvessels at baseline and 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment with metformin or agonist GLP-1R. High PBR values represent reduced glycocalyx thickness. (NCT03010683)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months.
| Intervention | micrometers (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 3 months | 6 months | 12 months | |
| Liraglutide | 2.1 | 2.07 | 2.5 | 2.04 |
| Metformin | 2.13 | 2.15 | 2.13 | 2.10 |
Differences in carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV, m/sec) using tonometry at baseline and 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment with metformin or agonist GLP-1R. (NCT03010683)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months
| Intervention | m/s (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 3 months | 6 months | 12 months | |
| Liraglutide | 11.8 | 11.6 | 10.3 | 10.5 |
| Metformin | 11.2 | 11.5 | 11 | 10.8 |
Association of endothelial glycocalyx thickness as assessed by perfused boundary region (PBR, micrometers) of the sublingual arterial microvessels with pulse wave velocity (PWV, m/sec) at baseline and 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment with metformin or agonist GLP-1R. (NCT03010683)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months.
| Intervention | Pearson correlation coefficient (r) (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 3 months | 6 months | 12 months | |
| Liraglutide | 0.39 | 0.36 | 0.32 | 0.44 |
| Metformin | 0.35 | 0.32 | 0.29 | 0.37 |
Percentage of participants achieving A1C < 7%, the American Diabetes Association's defined goal for glycemia, at each dose of saxagliptin plus metformin versus metformin alone at Week 24. (NCT00327015)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 60.3 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg + Metformin | 59.7 |
| Metformin | 41.1 |
Percentage of participants achieving A1C < 7%, the American Diabetes Association's defined goal for glycemia, at each dose of saxagliptin plus metformin versus saxagliptin alone at Week 24. (NCT00327015)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 60.3 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg + Metformin | 59.7 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg | 32.2 |
Percentage of participants achieving A1C ≤6.5%, at each dose of saxagliptin plus metformin versus metformin alone at Week 24. (NCT00327015)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 45.3 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg + Metformin | 40.6 |
| Metformin | 29.0 |
Percentage of participants achieving A1C ≤6.5%, at each dose of saxagliptin plus metformin versus saxagliptin alone at Week 24. (NCT00327015)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 45.3 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg + Metformin | 40.6 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg | 20.3 |
Percentage of participants requiring rescue for failing to achieve pre-specified glycemic targets or discontinuing for lack of efficacy within the 24-week treatment period at each dose of saxagliptin plus metformin versus metformin alone. (NCT00327015)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 7.5 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg + Metformin | 5.9 |
| Metformin | 10.1 |
Percentage of participants requiring rescue for failing to achieve pre-specified glycemic targets or discontinuing for lack of efficacy within the 24-week treatment period at each dose of saxagliptin plus metformin versus saxagliptin alone. (NCT00327015)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 7.5 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg + Metformin | 5.9 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg | 21.2 |
Mean change from baseline in A1C at Week 24, adjusted for baseline value. (NCT00327015)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | percent (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Mean | Week 24 Mean | Adjusted Mean Change from Baseline | |
| Metformin | 9.43 | 7.48 | -1.99 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg + Metformin | 9.53 | 7.02 | -2.49 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 9.41 | 6.93 | -2.53 |
Mean change from baseline in FPG at Week 24, adjusted for baseline value. (NCT00327015)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Mean | Week 24 Mean | Adjusted Mean Change from Baseline | |
| Metformin | 199.1 | 152.7 | -47.3 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg + Metformin | 204.3 | 140.1 | -62.2 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 198.9 | 140.2 | -59.8 |
Mean change from baseline in FPG at Week 24, adjusted for baseline value. (NCT00327015)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Mean | Week 24 Mean | Adjusted Mean Change from Baseline | |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg | 200.9 | 169.9 | -30.9 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg + Metformin | 204.3 | 140.1 | -62.2 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 198.9 | 140.2 | -59.8 |
Mean change from baseline in A1C at Week 24, adjusted for baseline value. (NCT00327015)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | percent (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Mean | Week 24 Mean | Adjusted Mean Change from Baseline | |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg | 9.61 | 7.86 | -1.69 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg + Metformin | 9.53 | 7.02 | -2.49 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 9.41 | 6.93 | -2.53 |
Mean change from baseline for 0 to 180 minutes PPG AUC at Week 24, adjsuted for baseline value. (NCT00327015)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | mg*min/dL (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Mean | Week 24 Mean | Adjusted Mean Change from Baseline | |
| Metformin | 57937 | 42428 | -15005 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg + Metformin | 57219 | 35790 | -21336 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 55531 | 35324 | -21080 |
Mean change from baseline for 0 to 180 minutes PPG AUC at Week 24, adjusted for baseline value. (NCT00327015)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | mg*min/dL (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Mean | Week 24 Mean | Adjusted Mean Change from Baseline | |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg | 57584 | 41229 | -16054 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg + Metformin | 57219 | 35790 | -21336 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 55531 | 35324 | -21080 |
Change from baseline at Week 104 is defined as Week 104 minus Week 0. (NCT00103857)
Timeframe: Week 104
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg q.d. | -74.1 |
| Metformin 500 mg b.i.d. | -72.7 |
| Metformin 1000 mg b.i.d. | -86.7 |
| Sitagliptin 50 mg b.i.d. + Metformin 500 mg b.i.d. | -96.2 |
| Sitagliptin 50 mg b.i.d + Metformin 1000 mg b.i.d. | -110.0 |
| Placebo/Metformin 1000 mg b.i.d. | -93.3 |
Change from baseline at Week 24 is defined as Week 24 minus Week 0. (NCT00103857)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg q.d. | -51.9 |
| Metformin 500 mg b.i.d. | -53.4 |
| Metformin 1000 mg b.i.d. | -78.0 |
| Sitagliptin 50 mg b.i.d. + Metformin 500 mg b.i.d. | -92.5 |
| Sitagliptin 50 mg b.i.d + Metformin 1000 mg b.i.d. | -116.6 |
| Placebo/Metformin 1000 mg b.i.d. | 0.3 |
Change from baseline at Week 54 is defined as Week 54 minus Week 0. (NCT00103857)
Timeframe: Week 54
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg q.d. | -45.9 |
| Metformin 500 mg b.i.d. | -58.6 |
| Metformin 1000 mg b.i.d. | -76.3 |
| Sitagliptin 50 mg b.i.d. + Metformin 500 mg b.i.d. | -89.6 |
| Sitagliptin 50 mg b.i.d + Metformin 1000 mg b.i.d. | -107.9 |
| Placebo/Metformin 1000 mg b.i.d. | -80.9 |
Change from baseline at Week 104 is defined as Week 104 minus Week 0. (NCT00103857)
Timeframe: Week 104
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg q.d. | -26.8 |
| Metformin 500 mg b.i.d. | -41.4 |
| Metformin 1000 mg b.i.d. | -43.2 |
| Sitagliptin 50 mg b.i.d. + Metformin 500 mg b.i.d. | -47.5 |
| Sitagliptin 50 mg b.i.d + Metformin 1000 mg b.i.d. | -57.3 |
| Placebo/Metformin 1000 mg b.i.d. | -45.2 |
Change from baseline at Week 24 is defined as Week 24 minus Week 0. (NCT00103857)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg q.d. | -17.5 |
| Metformin 500 mg b.i.d. | -27.3 |
| Metformin 1000 mg b.i.d. | -29.3 |
| Sitagliptin 50 mg b.i.d. + Metformin 500 mg b.i.d. | -47.1 |
| Sitagliptin 50 mg b.i.d + Metformin 1000 mg b.i.d. | -63.9 |
| Placebo/Metformin 1000 mg b.i.d. | 5.8 |
Change from baseline at Week 54 is defined as Week 54 minus Week 0. (NCT00103857)
Timeframe: Week 54
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg q.d. | -16.0 |
| Metformin 500 mg b.i.d. | -29.0 |
| Metformin 1000 mg b.i.d. | -39.6 |
| Sitagliptin 50 mg b.i.d. + Metformin 500 mg b.i.d. | -42.5 |
| Sitagliptin 50 mg b.i.d + Metformin 1000 mg b.i.d. | -55.6 |
| Placebo/Metformin 1000 mg b.i.d. | -43.9 |
HbA1c is measured as a percent. This change from baseline reflects the Week 104 HbA1c percent minus the Week 0 HbA1c percent. (NCT00103857)
Timeframe: Week 104
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg q.d. | -1.15 |
| Metformin 500 mg b.i.d. | -1.06 |
| Metformin 1000 mg b.i.d. | -1.34 |
| Sitagliptin 50 mg b.i.d. + Metformin 500 mg b.i.d. | -1.39 |
| Sitagliptin 50 mg b.i.d + Metformin 1000 mg b.i.d. | -1.66 |
| Placebo/Metformin 1000 mg b.i.d. | -1.39 |
HbA1c is measured as a percent. This change from baseline reflects the Week 24 HbA1c percent minus the Week 0 HbA1c percent. (NCT00103857)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg q.d. | -0.66 |
| Metformin 500 mg b.i.d. | -0.82 |
| Metformin 1000 mg b.i.d. | -1.13 |
| Sitagliptin 50 mg b.i.d. + Metformin 500 mg b.i.d. | -1.40 |
| Sitagliptin 50 mg b.i.d + Metformin 1000 mg b.i.d. | -1.90 |
| Placebo/Metformin 1000 mg b.i.d. | 0.17 |
HbA1c is measured as a percent. This change from baseline reflects the Week 54 HbA1c percent minus the Week 0 HbA1c percent. (NCT00103857)
Timeframe: Week 54
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg q.d. | -0.82 |
| Metformin 500 mg b.i.d. | -1.01 |
| Metformin 1000 mg b.i.d. | -1.34 |
| Sitagliptin 50 mg b.i.d. + Metformin 500 mg b.i.d. | -1.41 |
| Sitagliptin 50 mg b.i.d + Metformin 1000 mg b.i.d. | -1.80 |
| Placebo/Metformin 1000 mg b.i.d. | -1.10 |
Least Squares (LS) means were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with country, treatment, and prior medication group (previous oral antihyperglycemic medication [OAM] versus no previous OAM) as fixed effects and baseline HbA1c as a covariate. (NCT01126580)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | -0.78 |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | -0.71 |
| Metformin | -0.56 |
Least Squares (LS) means were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with country, treatment, and prior medication group (previous oral antihyperglycemic medication [OAM] versus no previous OAM) as fixed effects and baseline HbA1c as a covariate. (NCT01126580)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | -0.70 |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | -0.55 |
| Metformin | -0.51 |
The Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire change (DTSQc) score is used to assess relative change in participant satisfaction from baseline. The questionnaire consists of 8 items, 6 of which (1 and 4 through 8) assess treatment satisfaction. Each item is rated on a 7-point Likert scale. The scores from the 6 treatment satisfaction items are summed to a Total Treatment Satisfaction Score, which ranges from -18 (much less satisfied) to +18 (much more satisfied). Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted by treatment, country, prior medication group, gender, and baseline score. (NCT01126580)
Timeframe: 52 weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 12.92 |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 12.73 |
| Metformin | 12.58 |
Evaluable pharmacokinetic concentrations from the 4-week, 13-week, 26-week, and 52-week timepoints were combined and utilized in a population approach to determine the population mean estimate and standard deviation at steady-state. (NCT01126580)
Timeframe: 4 weeks, 13 weeks, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks
| Intervention | nanogram hours per milliliter (ng*hr/mL) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 12036 |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 5919 |
The number of participants with pancreatitis confirmed by adjudication is summarized cumulatively at 52 weeks plus 30-day follow up. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT01126580)
Timeframe: Baseline through 52 weeks plus 30-day follow up
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 0 |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 0 |
| Metformin | 0 |
A participant was considered to have treatment emergent LY2189265 anti-drug antibodies (ADA) if the participant had at least one titer that was treatment-emergent relative to baseline, defined as a 4-fold or greater increase in titer from baseline measurement. The total number of treatment emergent ADA was not analyzed at 26 weeks. (NCT01126580)
Timeframe: Baseline through 52 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| 1.5 mg or 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 10 |
Sitting systolic blood pressure (SBP) and sitting diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with treatment, country, prior medication group, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects, baseline interval as a covariate, and participant as a random effect. (NCT01126580)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks
| Intervention | milliliters of mercury (mmHg) (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SBP, 26 weeks (n=244, 251, 239) | SBP, 52 weeks (n=221, 219, 215) | DBP, 26 weeks (n=244, 251, 239) | DBP, 52 weeks (n=221, 219, 215) | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | -2.61 | -2.74 | -1.02 | -1.37 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | -1.89 | -0.11 | 0.05 | 0.31 |
| Metformin | -0.91 | -0.98 | -0.64 | -0.38 |
Body mass index is an estimate of body fat based on body weight divided by height squared. Least Squares (LS) means were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with country, treatment, and prior medication group as fixed effects and baseline BMI as a covariate. (NCT01126580)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks
| Intervention | kilograms per meter squared (kg/m^2) (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| 26 weeks | 52 weeks | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | -0.51 | -0.42 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | -0.86 | -0.73 |
| Metformin | -0.82 | -0.83 |
Least Squares (LS) means were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with country, treatment, and prior medication group as fixed effects and baseline body weight as a covariate. (NCT01126580)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks
| Intervention | kilograms (kg) (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| 26 weeks (n=267, 269, 267) | 52 weeks (n=267, 269, 267) | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | -1.36 | -1.09 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | -2.29 | -1.93 |
| Metformin | -2.22 | -2.20 |
The SMBG data were collected at the following 8 time points: pre-morning meal; 2 hours post-morning meal; pre-midday meal; 2 hours post-midday meal; pre-evening; 2 hours post-evening meal; bedtime; and 3AM or 5 hours after bedtime. Least Squares (LS) means of the mean of the 8 time points (daily mean) were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with country, treatment, and prior medication group as fixed effects and baseline daily mean as a covariate. (NCT01126580)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks
| Intervention | millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| 26 weeks (n=195, 200, 211) | 52 weeks (n=197, 200, 212) | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | -1.75 | -1.71 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | -1.98 | -1.99 |
| Metformin | -1.68 | -1.58 |
The QT interval is a measure of the time between the start of the Q wave and the end of the T wave and was calculated from electrocardiogram (ECG) data using Fridericia's formula: QTc = QT/RR^0.33. Corrected QT (QTc) is the QT interval corrected for heart rate and RR, which is the interval between two R waves. PR is the interval between the P wave and the QRS complex. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with treatment, country, prior medication group, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects, baseline interval as a covariate, and participant as a random effect. (NCT01126580)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks
| Intervention | milliseconds (msec) (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| QTcF interval, 26 weeks (n=230, 237, 221) | QTcF interval, 52 weeks (n=212, 212, 205) | PR interval, 26 weeks (n=226, 235, 218) | PR interval, 52 weeks (n=209, 210, 201) | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 1.38 | 0.73 | -0.01 | 1.53 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 2.60 | 3.76 | -0.04 | 1.15 |
| Metformin | -0.91 | -0.53 | -2.04 | -2.88 |
Electrocardiogram (ECG) heart rate was measured. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with treatment, country, prior medication group, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects and baseline interval as a covariate. (NCT01126580)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks
| Intervention | beats per minute (bpm) (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| 26 weeks (n=230, 237, 221) | 52 weeks (n=212, 212, 205) | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 2.57 | 2.36 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 1.60 | 2.02 |
| Metformin | 0.82 | 1.27 |
Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with treatment, country, prior medication group, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects, baseline fasting blood glucose as a covariate, and participant as a random effect. (NCT01126580)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks
| Intervention | millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| 26 weeks (n=244, 247, 245) | 52 weeks (n=207, 210, 194) | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | -1.46 | -1.00 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | -1.61 | -1.56 |
| Metformin | -1.34 | -1.15 |
The homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) quantifies insulin resistance and beta-cell function. HOMA2-B is a computer model that uses fasting plasma insulin and glucose concentrations to estimate steady-state beta cell function (%B) as a percentage of a normal reference population (normal young adults). HOMA2-S is a computer model that uses fasting plasma insulin and glucose concentrations to estimate insulin sensitivity (%S) as percentages of a normal reference population (normal young adults). The normal reference populations were set at 100%. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with treatment, country, prior medication group, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects, baseline HOMA2 as a covariate, and participant as a random effect. (NCT01126580)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of HOMA2 (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HOMA2-%B, 26 weeks (n=207, 207, 215) | HOMA2-%B, 52 weeks (n=179, 185, 170) | HOMA2-%S, 26 weeks (n=207, 207, 215) | HOMA2-%S, 52 weeks (n=179, 185, 170) | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 28.96 | 22.5 | 2.71 | 1.84 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 36.55 | 29.97 | 0.95 | 5.29 |
| Metformin | 14.11 | 9.77 | 9.99 | 10.83 |
Amylase (total and pancreas-derived [PD]) and lipase concentrations were measured. (NCT01126580)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks
| Intervention | units per liter (U/L) (Median) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amylase (total), 26 weeks | Amylase (total), 52 weeks | Amylase (PD), 26 weeks | Amylase (PD), 52 weeks | Lipase, 26 weeks | Lipase, 52 weeks | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 6.00 | 5.00 | 4.00 | 3.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 7.00 | 5.50 | 5.00 | 4.00 | 7.00 | 5.00 |
| Metformin | 4.00 | 4.00 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Sitting pulse rate was measured. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with treatment, country, prior medication group, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects, baseline interval as a covariate, and participant as a random effect. (NCT01126580)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks
| Intervention | beats per minute (bpm) (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| 26 weeks (n=244, 251, 239) | 52 weeks (n=221, 219, 215) | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 2.14 | 1.63 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 2.39 | 1.84 |
| Metformin | 1.59 | 1.12 |
(NCT01126580)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks
| Intervention | picograms per milliliter (pcg/mL) (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| 26 weeks | 52 weeks | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Metformin | 0.00 | 0.00 |
"The Diabetes Symptoms Checklist-revised (DSC-r) was designed to assess the presence and perceived burden of diabetes-related symptoms. Respondents were to consider troublesomeness of 34 symptoms on a 5-point scale ranging from 5=extremely to 1=not at all. For symptoms/side-effects not experienced, the item was scored as 0. Symptoms were grouped into the following subscales: psychology-fatigue, psychology-cognitive, neurology-pain, neurology-sensory, cardiology, ophthalmology, hypoglycemia, and hyperglycemia. Subscale scores were calculated as the sum of the given subscale divided by the total number of items in the scale. Total score was computed from the sum of the 8 subscales and ranged from 0 to 40. Higher scores indicate greater symptom burden. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted by treatment, country, prior medication group, gender, and baseline score." (NCT01126580)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| 26 weeks (n=245, 253, 248) | 52 weeks (n=247, 255, 249) | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | -0.16 | 0.42 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 0.24 | 0.49 |
| Metformin | 0.41 | 0.59 |
The Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire status version (DTSQs) is used to assess participant treatment satisfaction at each study visit. The questionnaire consists of 8 items, 6 of which (1 and 4 through 8) assess treatment satisfaction. Each item is rated on a 7-point Likert scale. Scores from the 6 treatment satisfaction items are summed to a Total Treatment Satisfaction Score, which ranges from 0 (very dissatisfied) to 36 (very satisfied). Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted by treatment, country, prior medication group, gender, and baseline score. (NCT01126580)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| 26 weeks (n=244, 249, 241) | 52 weeks (n=245, 251, 244) | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 1.81 | 1.29 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 1.93 | 1.82 |
| Metformin | 2.04 | 1.94 |
"The Impact of Weight on Activities of Daily Living (renamed the Ability to Perform Physical Activities of Daily Living [APPADL]) questionnaire contains 7 items that assess how difficult it is for participants to engage in certain activities considered to be integral to normal daily life, such as walking, standing and climbing stairs. Items are scored on a 5-point numeric rating scale where 5 = not at all difficult and 1 = unable to do. The individual scores from all 7 items are summed and a single total score is calculated and may range between 7 and 35. A higher score indicates better ability to perform activities of daily living. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted by treatment, country, prior medication group, gender, and baseline score." (NCT01126580)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| 26 weeks (n=247, 251, 247) | 52 weeks (n=247, 252, 248) | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 0.19 | -0.05 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 0.09 | 0.39 |
| Metformin | 0.02 | 0.28 |
The Impact of Weight on Self-Perception (IW-SP) questionnaire contains 3 items that assess how often the participants' body weight affects how happy they are with their appearance and how often they feel self-conscious when out in public. Items are scored on a 5-point numeric rating scale where 5 = never and 1 = always. A single total score is calculated by summing the scores for all 3 items. Total score ranges between 3 and 15, where a higher score is indicative of better self-perception. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted by treatment, country, prior medication group, gender, and baseline score. (NCT01126580)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| 26 weeks (n=248, 254, 249) | 52 weeks (n=249, 255, 250) | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 0.63 | 0.61 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 0.72 | 0.45 |
| Metformin | 0.79 | 0.75 |
Information on cardiovascular (CV) risk factors was collected at baseline. Data on any new CV event was prospectively collected using a CV event electronic case report form. Deaths and nonfatal cardiovascular adverse events (AEs) were adjudicated by an external committee of physicians with cardiology expertise. Nonfatal cardiovascular AEs to be adjudicated included myocardial infarction, hospitalization for unstable angina, hospitalization for heart failure, coronary interventions, and cerebrovascular events, including cerebrovascular accident (stroke) and transient ischemic attack. The number of participants with CV events confirmed by adjudication is summarized cumulatively at 52 weeks plus 30-day follow up. Serious and all other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality are summarized in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT01126580)
Timeframe: Baseline through 52 weeks plus 30-day follow up
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Any CV Event | Any Fatal CV Event | Any Nonfatal CV Event | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Metformin | 1 | 0 | 1 |
A treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) was defined as an event that first occurs or worsens (increases in severity) after baseline regardless of causality or severity. The number of participants with one or more TEAE is summarized cumulatively at 26 and 52 weeks. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT01126580)
Timeframe: 26 weeks and 52 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| 26 weeks | 52 weeks | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 150 | 177 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 163 | 179 |
| Metformin | 151 | 170 |
Hypoglycemic events were classified as severe (defined as episodes requiring the assistance of another person to actively administer resuscitative actions), documented symptomatic (defined as any time a participant feels that he/she is experiencing symptoms and/or signs associated with hypoglycemia, and has a plasma glucose level of less than or equal to 70 milligrams per deciliter [mg/dL]), or asymptomatic (defined as events not accompanied by typical symptoms of hypoglycemia but with a measured plasma glucose of less than or equal to 70 mg/dL). A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT01126580)
Timeframe: Baseline through 26 weeks and 52 weeks
| Intervention | events (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Severe, 26 weeks (n=241, 248, 236) | Severe, 52 weeks (n=214, 217, 199) | Documented Symptomatic, 26 weeks (n=241, 248, 236) | Documented Symptomatic, 52 weeks (n=214, 217, 199) | Asymptomatic, 26 weeks (n=241, 248, 236) | Asymptomatic, 52 weeks (n=214, 217, 199) | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 9 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 19 | 5 |
| Metformin | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 13 | 9 |
Percent changes in total cholesterol were assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the rank-transformed data with only treatment included in the model. (NCT01126580)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks
| Intervention | percentage change in total cholesterol (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| 26 weeks (n=244, 244, 243) | 52 weeks (n=247, 248, 245) | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | -1.77 | -0.78 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | -3.86 | -1.69 |
| Metformin | -3.51 | -3.88 |
Percentage changes in HDL-C were assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the rank-transformed data with only treatment included in the model. (NCT01126580)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks
| Intervention | percentage change in HDL-C (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| 26 weeks (n=246, 244, 244) | 52 weeks (n=248, 248, 246) | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 4.20 | 2.31 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 2.39 | 4.95 |
| Metformin | 5.78 | 4.32 |
Percentage changes in LDL-C were assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the rank-transformed data with only treatment included in the model. (NCT01126580)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks
| Intervention | percentage change in LDL-C (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| 26 weeks (n=233, 231, 221) | 52 weeks (n=236, 240, 231) | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | -2.70 | -2.34 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | -6.86 | -2.06 |
| Metformin | -8.97 | -7.23 |
Percentage changes in triglycerides were assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the rank-transformed data with only treatment included in the model. (NCT01126580)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, and 52 weeks
| Intervention | percentage change in triglycerides (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| 26 weeks (n=252, 252, 253) | 52 weeks (n=255, 256, 254) | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | -1.96 | -0.86 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | -2.35 | -4.27 |
| Metformin | 2.56 | 1.91 |
The percentage of participants achieving HbA1c level less than 7.0% and less than or equal to 6.5% was analyzed with a logistic regression model with baseline, prior medication group, and treatment as factors included in the model. (NCT01126580)
Timeframe: 26 weeks and 52 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HbA1c less than 7%, 26 weeks | HbA1c less than or equal to 6.5%, 26 weeks | HbA1c less than 7%, 52 weeks | HbA1c less than or equal to 6.5%, 52 weeks | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 62.6 | 40.0 | 53.2 | 34.7 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 61.5 | 46.0 | 60.0 | 42.3 |
| Metformin | 53.6 | 29.8 | 48.3 | 28.3 |
Hypoglycemic events were classified as severe (defined as episodes requiring the assistance of another person to actively administer resuscitative actions), documented symptomatic (defined as any time a participant feels that he/she is experiencing symptoms and/or signs associated with hypoglycemia, and has a plasma glucose level of less than or equal to 70 milligrams per deciliter [mg/dL]), or asymptomatic (defined as events not accompanied by typical symptoms of hypoglycemia but with a measured plasma glucose of less than or equal to 70 mg/dL). The 1-year adjusted rate of hypoglycemic events is summarized cumulatively at 52 weeks. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT01126580)
Timeframe: Baseline through 52 weeks
| Intervention | events per participant per year (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Severe | Documented Symptomatic | Asymptomatic | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 0.00 | 0.15 | 0.30 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 0.00 | 0.62 | 0.24 |
| Metformin | 0.00 | 0.09 | 0.18 |
Time from randomisation to first occurrence of an expanded composite cardiovascular outcome defined as either cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, coronary revascularisation, hospitalisation for unstable angina or for heart failure. The percentage of subjects experiencing first occurrence of an expanded composite cardiovascular outcome defined as either cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, coronary revascularisation, hospitalisation for unstable angina or for heart failure is presented. (NCT01179048)
Timeframe: from randomisation (visit 3; month 0) to last contact (visit 16; up to month 60+30 days)
| Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | 20.3 |
| Placebo | 22.7 |
Time from randomisation to all cause death. The percentage of subjects with a death by any cause (all-cause death) is presented. (NCT01179048)
Timeframe: from randomisation (visit 3; month 0) to last contact (visit 16; up to month 60+30 days)
| Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | 8.2 |
| Placebo | 9.6 |
"Time from randomisation to first occurrence of a composite microvascular outcome, defined as any one of the following:~new onset of persistent macroalbuminuria~persistent doubling of serum creatinine~need for continuous renal replacement therapy~death due to renal disease~need for retinal photocoagulation or treatment with intravitreal agents~vitreous haemorrhage~diabetes-related blindness~The percentage of subjects experiencing a first occurrence of a composite microvascular outcome is presented." (NCT01179048)
Timeframe: from randomisation (visit 3; month 0) to last contact (visit 16; up to month 60+30 days)
| Intervention | Percentage of subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | 7.6 |
| Placebo | 8.9 |
Time from randomisation to first occurrence of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or non-fatal stroke (a composite cardiovascular outcome). The percentage of subjects experiencing a first event of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or non-fatal stroke (a composite cardiovascular outcome) is presented. (NCT01179048)
Timeframe: from randomisation (visit 3; month 0) to last contact (visit 16; up to month 60+30 days)
| Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | 13.0 |
| Placebo | 14.9 |
Time from randomisation to each individual component of the composite microvascular outcome and to the retinopathy and nephropathy composite outcomes separately. The percentage of subjects experiencing each individual component of the composite microvascular outcome are presented. (NCT01179048)
Timeframe: from randomisation (visit 3; month 0) to last contact (visit 16; up to month 60+30 days)
| Intervention | Percentage of subjects (Number) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nephropathy composite | New onset of persistent macroalbuminuria | Persistent doubling of serum creatinine | Need for continuous renal-replacement therapy | Death due to renal disease | Retinopathy composite | Treatment with photocoagulation/intravitreal agent | Development of diabetes-related blindness | Vitreous haemorrhage | |
| Liraglutide | 5.7 | 3.4 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 0.0 | 0.7 |
| Placebo | 7.2 | 4.6 | 2.1 | 1.4 | 0.1 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 0.02 | 0.5 |
Time from randomisation to each individual component of the expanded composite cardiovascular outcome. The percentage of subjects experiencing each of the individual component of the expanded composite cardiovascular outcome (defined as either cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, coronary revascularisation, hospitalisation for unstable angina or heart failure) is presented. (NCT01179048)
Timeframe: from randomisation (visit 3; month 0) to last contact (visit 16; up to month 60+30 days)
| Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular death | Non-fatal stroke | Non-fatal myocardial infarction | Unstable angina pectoris (hospitalisation) | Coronary revascularisation | Heart failure (hospitalisation) | |
| Liraglutide | 4.7 | 3.4 | 6.0 | 2.6 | 8.7 | 4.7 |
| Placebo | 6.0 | 3.8 | 6.8 | 2.7 | 9.4 | 5.3 |
To compare the change from baseline to Week 28 in 2-hour postprandial glucose after a standard Meal Tolerance Test between exenatide once weekly (EQW) 2 mg and dapagliflozin 10 mg administered simultaneously compared to EQW 2 mg alone and dapagliflozin 10 mg alone. (NCT02229396)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 28
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin + Placebo | -61.05 |
| Exenatide + Dapagliflozin | -87.83 |
| Exenatide + Placebo | -60.09 |
To compare the change from baseline to Week 28 in body weight between exenatide once weekly (EQW) 2 mg and dapagliflozin 10 mg administered simultaneously compared to EQW 2 mg alone and dapagliflozin 10 mg alone. (NCT02229396)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 28
| Intervention | kilogram (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin + Placebo | -2.22 |
| Exenatide + Dapagliflozin | -3.55 |
| Exenatide + Placebo | -1.56 |
To compare the change from baseline to Week 2 in fasting plasma glucose between exenatide once weekly (EQW) 2 mg and dapagliflozin 10 mg administered simultaneously compared to EQW 2 mg alone and dapagliflozin 10 mg alone. (NCT02229396)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 2
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin + Placebo | -26.31 |
| Exenatide + Dapagliflozin | -41.34 |
| Exenatide + Placebo | -21.08 |
To compare the change from baseline to Week 28 in fasting plasma glucose between exenatide once weekly (EQW) 2 mg and dapagliflozin 10 mg administered simultaneously compared to EQW 2 mg alone and dapagliflozin 10 mg alone. (NCT02229396)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 28
| Intervention | milligrams/deciliter (mg/dL) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin + Placebo | -49.19 |
| Exenatide + Dapagliflozin | -65.83 |
| Exenatide + Placebo | -45.75 |
To compare the change from baseline to Week 28 in HbA1c between exenatide once weekly (EQW) 2 mg and dapagliflozin 10 mg administered simultaneously compared to EQW 2 mg alone and dapagliflozin 10 mg alone. (NCT02229396)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 28
| Intervention | % HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin + Placebo | -1.39 |
| Exenatide + Dapagliflozin | -1.98 |
| Exenatide + Placebo | -1.60 |
To compare the change from baseline to Week 28 in systolic blood pressure between exenatide once weekly (EQW) 2 mg and dapagliflozin 10 mg administered simultaneously compared to EQW 2 mg alone and dapagliflozin 10 mg alone. (NCT02229396)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 28
| Intervention | millimeters of mercury (mmHg) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin + Placebo | -1.8 |
| Exenatide + Dapagliflozin | -4.3 |
| Exenatide + Placebo | -1.2 |
To compare the percentage of patients achieving HbA1c <7% at 28 weeks between exenatide once weekly (EQW) 2 mg and dapagliflozin 10 mg administered simultaneously compared to EQW 2 mg alone and dapagliflozin 10 mg alone. (NCT02229396)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 28
| Intervention | % of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin + Placebo | 19.1 |
| Exenatide + Dapagliflozin | 44.7 |
| Exenatide + Placebo | 26.9 |
To compare the percentage of patients achieving weight loss ≥5.0% at 28 weeks between exenatide once weekly (EQW) 2 mg and dapagliflozin 10 mg administered simultaneously compared to EQW 2 mg alone and dapagliflozin 10 mg alone. (NCT02229396)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 28
| Intervention | % of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin + Placebo | 20.0 |
| Exenatide + Dapagliflozin | 33.3 |
| Exenatide + Placebo | 13.7 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in albumin (g/dL) is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the 'on-treatment' observation period which started at the date of first dose of trial product and include the period after initiation of rescue medication, if any and excludes the period after premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of albumin (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 0.99 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 1.00 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (U/L) is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the 'on-treatment' observation period which started at the date of first dose of trial product and include the period after initiation of rescue medication, if any and excludes the period after premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of ALP (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 0.96 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 0.95 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (U/L) is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the 'on-treatment' observation period which started at the date of first dose of trial product and include the period after initiation of rescue medication, if any and excludes the period after premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of ALT (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 0.79 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 0.79 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in amylase (units per liter [U/L]) is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the 'on-treatment' observation period which started at the date of first dose of trial product and include the period after initiation of rescue medication, if any and excludes the period after premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of amylase (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 1.16 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 1.09 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (U/L) is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the 'on-treatment' observation period which started at the date of first dose of trial product and include the period after initiation of rescue medication, if any and excludes the period after premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of AST (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 0.89 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 0.86 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in calcium (mmol/L) is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the 'on-treatment' observation period which started at the date of first dose of trial product and include the period after initiation of rescue medication, if any and excludes the period after premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of calcium (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 1.01 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 1.02 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in creatinine (micromoles per liter [umol/L]) is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the 'on-treatment' observation period which started at the date of first dose of trial product and include the period after initiation of rescue medication, if any and excludes the period after premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of creatinine (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 1.03 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 1.04 |
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (milliliters per minute per 1.73 square meters [mL/min/1.73m^2])is calculated using the equation from the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI). Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in eGFR is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the 'on-treatment' observation period which started at the date of first dose of trial product and include the period after initiation of rescue medication, if any and excludes the period after premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of eGFR (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 0.98 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 0.96 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in lipase (U/L) is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the 'on-treatment' observation period which started at the date of first dose of trial product and include the period after initiation of rescue medication, if any and excludes the period after premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of lipase (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 1.25 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 1.01 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in potassium (mmol/L) is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the 'on-treatment' observation period which started at the date of first dose of trial product and include the period after initiation of rescue medication, if any and excludes the period after premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of potassium (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 1.00 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 1.00 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in sodium (mmol/L) is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the 'on-treatment' observation period which started at the date of first dose of trial product and include the period after initiation of rescue medication, if any and excludes the period after premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of sodium (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 1.00 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 1.00 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in total bilirubin (U/L) is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the 'on-treatment' observation period which started at the date of first dose of trial product and include the period after initiation of rescue medication, if any and excludes the period after premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of total bilirubin (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 1.06 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 1.13 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in BMI was evaluated. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period, which started at the date of first dose to either the day of last dose plus 7 days or first initiation of rescue medication, whichever came first. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Kilogram per square meter (kg/m^2) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | -2.0 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | -1.5 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in body weight was evaluated. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period, which started at the date of first dose to either the day of last dose plus 7 days or first initiation of rescue medication, whichever came first. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Kilogram (kg) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | -5.7 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | -4.3 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in calcitonin (nanograms per liter) is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the 'on-treatment' observation period which started at the date of first dose of trial product and include the period after initiation of rescue medication, if any and excludes the period after premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of calcitonin (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 1.08 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 1.04 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in fasting high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (mmol/L) is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period, which started at the date of first dose to either the day of last dose plus 7 days or first initiation of rescue medication, whichever came first. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of HDL-cholesterol (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 1.04 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 1.08 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in fasting low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (mmol/L) is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period, which started at the date of first dose to either the day of last dose plus 7 days or first initiation of rescue medication, whichever came first. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of LDL-cholesterol (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 0.96 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 1.05 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in fasting total cholesterol (mmol/L) is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period, which started at the date of first dose to either the day of last dose plus 7 days or first initiation of rescue medication, whichever came first. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of total cholesterol (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 0.96 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 1.03 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in fasting triglycerides (mmol/L) is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period, which started at the date of first dose to either the day of last dose plus 7 days or first initiation of rescue medication, whichever came first. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of triglycerides (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 0.86 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 0.92 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in FPG was evaluated. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period, which started at the date of first dose to either the day of last dose plus 7 days or first initiation of rescue medication, whichever came first. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | -2.54 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | -2.00 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in erythrocytes (10^12 cells/L) is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the 'on-treatment' observation period which started at the date of first dose of trial product and include the period after initiation of rescue medication, if any and excludes the period after premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of erythrocytes (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 0.99 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 1.04 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in haematocrit (%) is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the 'on-treatment' observation period which started at the date of first dose of trial product and include the period after initiation of rescue medication, if any and excludes the period after premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of haematocrit (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 0.99 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 1.04 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in haemoglobin (mmol/L) is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the 'on-treatment' observation period which started at the date of first dose of trial product and include the period after initiation of rescue medication, if any and excludes the period after premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of haemoglobin (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 0.99 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 1.05 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in leukocytes (10^9 cells/L) is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the 'on-treatment' observation period which started at the date of first dose of trial product and include the period after initiation of rescue medication, if any and excludes the period after premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of leukocytes (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 0.97 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 0.98 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in thrombocytes (10^9 cells/L) is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the 'on-treatment' observation period which started at the date of first dose of trial product and include the period after initiation of rescue medication, if any and excludes the period after premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of thrombocytes (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 1.04 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 1.00 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in pulse is presented based on the 'on-treatment' observation period which started at the date of first dose of trial product and include the period after initiation of rescue medication, if any and excludes the period after premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Beats per minute (beats/min) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 2.7 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | -0.6 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in ratio between total fat mass and total lean mass was evaluated. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period, which started at the date of first dose to either the day of last dose plus 7 days or first initiation of rescue medication, whichever came first. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | total fat mass/total lean mass ratio (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | -0.04 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | -0.03 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in short form 36 v2.0 acute domain MCS. SF- 36v2™ questionnaire measured the HRQoL on 8 domains on individual scale ranges. The MCS measure is derived from domain scales of vitality, social functioning, role emotional and mental health. The scores 0-100 (where higher scores indicated a better HRQoL) from the SF-36 were converted to norm-based scores to enable a direct interpretation in relation to the distribution of the scores in the 2009 U.S. general population. A norm-based score of 50 corresponds to the mean score and 10 corresponds to the standard deviation of the 2009 U.S. general population. A positive change score indicates an improvement since baseline. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 1.1 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 0.5 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in short form 36 v2.0 acute domain PCS. SF-36v2™ questionnaire measured the HRQoL on 8 domains on individual scale ranges. It consists of 2 component summary measures that further summarize 8 health domain scales. The PCS measure is derived from domain scales of physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, and general health. The scores 0-100 (where higher scores indicated a better HRQoL) from the SF-36 were converted to norm-based scores to enable a direct interpretation in relation to the distribution of the scores in the 2009 U.S. general population. A norm-based score of 50 corresponds to the mean score and 10 corresponds to the standard deviation of the 2009 U.S. general population. A positive change score indicates an improvement since baseline. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 2.7 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 2.9 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in SMPG- mean 7-point profile was evaluated. SMPG was recorded at the following 7 time points: before breakfast, 90 minutes after start of breakfast, before lunch, 90 minutes after start of lunch, before dinner, 90 minutes after dinner and at bedtime. Mean 7-point profile was defined as the area under the profile, calculated using the trapezoidal method, divided by the measurement time. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period, which started at the date of first dose to either the day of last dose plus 7 days or first initiation of rescue medication, whichever came first. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | -2.8 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | -1.9 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in SMPG- mean postprandial increment over all meals was evaluated. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period, which started at the date of first dose to either the day of last dose plus 7 days or first initiation of rescue medication, whichever came first. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | -0.6 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | -0.6 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in total fat mass was evaluated. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period, which started at the date of first dose to either the day of last dose plus 7 days or first initiation of rescue medication, whichever came first. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | -3.72 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | -2.63 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in total lean mass was evaluated. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period, which started at the date of first dose to either the day of last dose plus 7 days or first initiation of rescue medication, whichever came first. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | -2.06 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | -1.53 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in visceral fat mass was evaluated. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period, which started at the date of first dose to either the day of last dose plus 7 days or first initiation of rescue medication, whichever came first. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | -0.20 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | -0.13 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in waist circumference was evaluated. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period, which started at the date of first dose to either the day of last dose plus 7 days or first initiation of rescue medication, whichever came first. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Centimeter (cm) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | -4.2 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | -3.0 |
Number of participants with treatment emergent severe or blood glucose-confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes. Hypoglycaemic episodes defined as treatment-emergent if the onset of the episode occurs within the on-treatment observation period. Severe or BG-confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia is an episode that is severe according to the American Diabetes Association classification or blood glucose-confirmed by a plasma glucose value <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. Results are based on the 'on-treatment' observation period which started at the date of first dose of trial product and include the period after initiation of rescue medication, if any and excludes the period after premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-57
| Intervention | Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 6 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 5 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in body weight was evaluated. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period, which started at the date of first dose to either the day of last dose plus 7 days or first initiation of rescue medication, whichever came first. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Percentage change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | -6.2 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | -4.7 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in total fat mass was evaluated. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period, which started at the date of first dose to either the day of last dose plus 7 days or first initiation of rescue medication, whichever came first. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Percentage change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | -1.55 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | -1.21 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in total lean mass was evaluated. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period, which started at the date of first dose to either the day of last dose plus 7 days or first initiation of rescue medication, whichever came first. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Percentage change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 1.38 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 1.09 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in visceral fat mass was evaluated. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period, which started at the date of first dose to either the day of last dose plus 7 days or first initiation of rescue medication, whichever came first. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Percentage change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | -0.81 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 0.16 |
A TEAE is defined as an adverse event with onset in the on-treatment observation period (which started at the date of first dose of trial product and included the period after initiation of rescue medication, if any and excluded the period after premature trial product discontinuation, if any. TEAEs assessed up to approximately 57 weeks is presented. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-57
| Intervention | Adverse events (Number) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 1189 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 1138 |
Hypoglycaemic episodes defined as treatment-emergent if the onset of the episode occurs within the on-treatment observation period. Severe or BG-confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia is an episode that is severe according to the American Diabetes Association classification or blood glucose-confirmed by a plasma glucose value <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. Results are based on the 'on-treatment' observation period which started at the date of first dose of trial product and include the period after initiation of rescue medication, if any and excludes the period after premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-57
| Intervention | Episodes (Number) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 25 |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 6 |
The CoEQ comprised 19 items to assess the intensity and type of food cravings, as well as subjective sensation of appetite and mood, with the 4 domains: 'craving control', 'craving for sweet', 'craving for savoury' and 'positive mood'. The 19 items were scored on an 11-point graded response scale ranging from 10 to 0, with items relating to each of the 4 domains being averaged to create a final score. A low score in the domains 'craving for sweet and 'craving for savoury' represents a low level of craving; whereas a high score in the domains 'craving control' and 'positive mood' represents good control and a good mood, respectively. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| How hungry have you felt | How full have you felt | How often have you had cravings (last 7 days) | How strong have any cravings been | Difficulty to resist cravings | Ate in response to cravings | Difficulty to control eating | Desire to eat savory food | Craving for dairy foods | Craving for starchy foods | Craving for savory foods | Desire to eat sweet food | Craving for chocolate | Craving for other sweets | Craving for fruit or fruit juice | Felt happy | Felt anxious | Felt alert | Felt contented | |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | -0.8 | 0.0 | -1.1 | -1.1 | -0.8 | -0.7 | -1.2 | -1.0 | -0.6 | -1.1 | -0.9 | -1.0 | -0.4 | -0.6 | -0.6 | 0.4 | -0.6 | 0.0 | 0.5 |
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | -1.2 | 0.2 | -0.9 | -0.9 | -0.9 | -0.9 | -1.5 | -1.4 | -0.8 | -1.4 | -0.9 | -0.9 | -0.3 | -0.6 | -0.6 | 0.8 | -0.9 | 0.2 | 0.8 |
The CoEQ comprised 19 items to assess the intensity and type of food cravings, as well as subjective sensation of appetite and mood, with the 4 domains: 'craving control', 'craving for sweet', 'craving for savoury' and 'positive mood'. The 19 items were scored on an 11-point graded response scale ranging from 10 to 0, with items relating to each of the 4 domains being averaged to create a final score. A low score in the domains 'craving for sweet and 'craving for savoury' represents a low level of craving; whereas a high score in the domains 'craving control' and 'positive mood' represents good control and a good mood, respectively. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Craving control | Craving for sweet | Craving for savoury | Positive mood | |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 1.0 | -0.6 | -0.9 | 0.4 |
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 1.0 | -0.6 | -1.1 | 0.7 |
"Change from baseline (week 0) in DTSQ was evaluated at week 52. The DTSQs items are scored on a 7-point graded response scale ranging from 6 to 0. Higher scores indicate higher levels of treatment satisfaction for DTSQs items 1, 4 -8. For items 2 and 3 a higher score indicates a higher patient perceived experience of high blood sugars and low blood sugars, respectively. Thus, lower scores indicate a perception of blood glucose levels being none of the time unacceptably high (item 2) or low (item 3). The domain score of total treatment satisfaction (total treatment satisfaction score) was computed by adding the six items scores 1, 4-8. The score ranges 0-36. A higher treatment satisfaction score indicates a higher level of treatment satisfaction. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period." (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1) Satisfaction with treatment | 2) Feeling of unacceptably high blood sugars | 3) Feeling of unacceptably low blood sugars | 4) Convenience of treatment | 5) Flexibility of current treatment | 6) Satisfaction with understanding of diabetes | 7) Recommending treatment to others | 8) Satisfaction to continue with present treatment | Total treatment satisfaction score | |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 1.0 | -1.8 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 4.8 |
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 1.4 | -2.0 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 5.8 |
The electrocardiogram (ECG) was assessed by the investigator at baseline (week 0) and week 52 and categorised as normal, abnormal NCS or abnormal CS. Number of participants in each ECG category at baseline and week 52 were presented. Results are based on the 'on-treatment' observation period which started at the date of first dose of trial product and include the period after initiation of rescue medication, if any and excludes the period after premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal (week 0) | Abnormal NCS (week 0) | Abnormal CS (week 0) | Normal (week 52) | Abnormal NCS (week 52) | Abnormal CS (week 52) | |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 277 | 117 | 0 | 242 | 95 | 3 |
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 263 | 126 | 3 | 222 | 109 | 0 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in HbA1c (glycosylated haemoglobin) was evaluated. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period, which started at the date of first dose to either the day of last dose plus 7 days or first initiation of rescue medication, whichever came first; and 'In-trial' observation period which started at the date of randomisation and include the period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature trial product discontinuation, if any and ended at the last contact, withdrawal of consent or death, whichever came first. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Percentage (%) of HbA1c (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| On-treatment without rescue medication | In-trial | |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | -1.0 | -1.0 |
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | -1.7 | -1.5 |
Physical examination parameters are categorised as general appearance; nervous system (central and peripheral); cardiovascular system; gastrointestinal system; skin; respiratory system; lymph node palpation; thyroid gland; left foot; right foot; left leg and right leg. The number of participants assessed as normal, abnormal not clinically significant (NCS) and abnormal clinically significant (CS) at baseline (week -2) and week 52 is presented based on the 'on-treatment' observation period which started at the date of first dose of trial product and include the period after initiation of rescue medication, if any and excludes the period after premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week -2, week 52
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General Appearance (week -2) Normal | General Appearance (week -2) Abnormal NCS | General Appearance (week -2) Abnormal CS | General Appearance (week 52) Normal | General Appearance (week 52) Abnormal NCS | General Appearance (week 52) Abnormal CS | Nervous System (week -2) Normal | Nervous System (week -2) Abnormal NCS | Nervous System (week -2) Abnormal CS | Nervous System (week 52) Normal | Nervous System (week 52) Abnormal NCS | Nervous System (week 52) Abnormal CS | Cardiovascular System (week-2) Normal | Cardiovascular System (week -2) Abnormal NCS | Cardiovascular System (week -2) Abnormal CS | Cardiovascular System (week52) Normal | Cardiovascular System (week 52) Abnormal NCS | Cardiovascular System (week 52) Abnormal CS | Gastrointestinal System (week -2) Normal | Gastrointestinal System (week -2) Abnormal NCS | Gastrointestinal System (week -2) Abnormal CS | Gastrointestinal System (week 52) Normal | Gastrointestinal System (week 52) Abnormal NCS | Gastrointestinal System (week 52) Abnormal CS | Skin (week -2) Normal | Skin (week -2) Abnormal NCS | Skin (week -2) Abnormal CS | Skin (week 52) Normal | Skin (week 52) Abnormal NCS | Skin (week 52) Abnormal CS | Respiratory System (week -2) Normal | Respiratory System (week -2) Abnormal NCS | Respiratory System (week -2) Abnormal CS | Respiratory System (week 52) Normal | Respiratory System (week 52) Abnormal NCS | Respiratory System (week 52) Abnormal CS | Lymph Node Palpation (week -2) Normal | Lymph Node Palpation (week -2) Abnormal NCS | Lymph Node Palpation (week -2) Abnormal CS | Lymph Node Palpation (week 52) Normal | Lymph Node Palpation (week 52) Abnormal NCS | Lymph Node Palpation (week 52) Abnormal CS | Thyroid Gland (week -2) Normal | Thyroid Gland (week -2) Abnormal NCS | Thyroid Gland (week -2) Abnormal CS | Thyroid Gland (week 52) Normal | Thyroid Gland (week 52) Abnormal NCS | Thyroid Gland (week 52) Abnormal CS | Left foot (week -2) Normal | Left foot (week -2) Abnormal NCS | Left foot (week -2) Abnormal CS | Left foot (week 52) Normal | Left foot (week 52) Abnormal NCS | Left foot (week 52) Abnormal CS | Right foot (week -2) Normal | Right foot (week -2) Abnormal NCS | Right foot (week -2) Abnormal CS | Right foot (week 52) Normal | Right foot (week 52) Abnormal NCS | Right foot (week 52) Abnormal CS | Left leg (week -2) Normal | Left leg (week -2) Abnormal NCS | Left leg (week -2) Abnormal CS | Left leg (week 52) Normal | Left leg (week 52) Abnormal NCS | Left leg (week 52) Abnormal CS | Right leg (week -2) Normal | Right leg (week -2) Abnormal NCS | Right leg (week -2) Abnormal CS | Right leg (week 52) Normal | Right leg (week 52) Abnormal NCS | Right leg (week 52) Abnormal CS | |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 335 | 56 | 3 | 304 | 33 | 2 | 370 | 21 | 3 | 325 | 12 | 2 | 386 | 8 | 0 | 333 | 6 | 0 | 377 | 16 | 1 | 331 | 8 | 0 | 323 | 69 | 2 | 298 | 40 | 1 | 391 | 3 | 0 | 336 | 3 | 0 | 392 | 2 | 0 | 337 | 0 | 0 | 390 | 4 | 0 | 337 | 1 | 0 | 345 | 44 | 5 | 303 | 34 | 2 | 348 | 42 | 4 | 304 | 32 | 3 | 358 | 30 | 6 | 314 | 22 | 3 | 357 | 30 | 7 | 315 | 21 | 3 |
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 345 | 46 | 1 | 294 | 30 | 2 | 360 | 26 | 5 | 303 | 21 | 2 | 376 | 15 | 1 | 318 | 7 | 1 | 369 | 22 | 1 | 319 | 7 | 0 | 330 | 62 | 0 | 286 | 39 | 1 | 383 | 7 | 2 | 321 | 4 | 1 | 390 | 1 | 0 | 325 | 0 | 0 | 390 | 2 | 0 | 326 | 0 | 0 | 343 | 47 | 2 | 293 | 32 | 1 | 344 | 45 | 3 | 289 | 34 | 3 | 348 | 40 | 4 | 300 | 22 | 4 | 350 | 37 | 5 | 301 | 19 | 6 |
SF-36 is a 36-item patient-reported survey of patient health that measures the participant's overall health-related quality of life (HRQoL). SF-36v2™ questionnaire measured the HRQoL on 8 domains on individual scale ranges. The scores 0-100 (where higher scores indicated a better HRQoL) from the SF-36 were converted to norm-based scores to enable a direct interpretation in relation to the distribution of the scores in the 2009 U.S. general population. A norm-based score of 50 corresponds to the mean score and 10 corresponds to the standard deviation of the 2009 U.S. general population. Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in the sub-domain scores is presented. A positive change score indicate an improvement since baseline. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical Functioning | Role-physical | Bodily pain | General health | Social functioning | Role-emotional | Vitality | Mental health | |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 2.7 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 3.5 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 2.0 | 0.6 |
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 1.9 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 3.7 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 3.0 | 1.5 |
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 52 in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period, which started at the date of first dose to either the day of last dose plus 7 days or first initiation of rescue medication, whichever came first. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Millimeters of mercury (mmHg) (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Systolic blood pressure | Diastolic blood pressure | |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | -5.8 | -2.9 |
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | -3.7 | -1.2 |
Fundus photography or a dilated fundoscopy was performed by the investigator at baseline (week 0) and week 52. The results of the examination were interpreted for each eye (left/right) are categorised as normal, abnormal NCS or abnormal CS. Number of participants in each category at baseline and week 52 were presented. Results are based on the 'on-treatment' observation period which started at the date of first dose of trial product and include the period after initiation of rescue medication, if any and excludes the period after premature trial product discontinuation, if any. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Left eye: Normal (week 0) | Left eye: Abnormal NCS (week 0) | Left eye: Abnormal CS (week 0) | Left eye: Normal (week 52) | Left eye: Abnormal NCS (week 52) | Left eye: Abnormal CS (week 52) | Right eye: Normal (week 0) | Right eye: Abnormal NCS (week 0) | Right eye: Abnormal CS (week 0) | Right eye: Normal (week 52) | Right eye: Abnormal NCS (week 52) | Right eye: Abnormal CS (week 52) | |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 319 | 71 | 3 | 228 | 40 | 2 | 319 | 70 | 4 | 226 | 44 | 0 |
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 322 | 65 | 5 | 231 | 30 | 7 | 321 | 66 | 5 | 225 | 35 | 8 |
Percentage of participants who achieved HbA1c < 7.0% (53 millimoles per mole [mmol/mol]), ADA target (yes/no) is presented. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period, which started at the date of first dose to either the day of last dose plus 7 days or first initiation of rescue medication, whichever came first. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 50.8 | 49.2 |
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 76.1 | 23.9 |
Percentage of participants who achieved HbA1c ≤ 6.5% (48 mmol/mol), AACE target (yes/no) is presented. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period, which started at the date of first dose to either the day of last dose plus 7 days or first initiation of rescue medication, whichever came first. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 26.8 | 73.2 |
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 62.1 | 37.9 |
Severe or BG-confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia is an episode that is severe according to the American Diabetes Association classification or blood glucose-confirmed by a plasma glucose value <3.1 mmol/L (56 milligrams per deciliter [mg/dL]) with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. Percentage of participants who achieved HbA1c below 7.0% (53 mmol/mol) without severe or blood glucose confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia episodes and no weight gain (yes/no) is presented. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period, which started at the date of first dose to either the day of last dose plus 7 days or first initiation of rescue medication, whichever came first. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 45.0 | 55.0 |
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 69.6 | 30.4 |
Percentage of participants who achieved ≥1% reduction of baseline HbA1c (yes/no) is presented. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period, which started at the date of first dose to either the day of last dose plus 7 days or first initiation of rescue medication, whichever came first. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 48.6 | 51.4 |
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 76.5 | 23.5 |
Percentage of participants who achieved ≥1% reduction of baseline HbA1c and losing ≥10% of baseline body weight (yes/no) is presented. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period, which started at the date of first dose to either the day of last dose plus 7 days or first initiation of rescue medication, whichever came first. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 6.1 | 93.9 |
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 21.8 | 78.2 |
Percentage of participants who achieved ≥1% reduction of baseline HbA1c and losing ≥3% of baseline body weight (yes/no) is presented. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period, which started at the date of first dose to either the day of last dose plus 7 days or first initiation of rescue medication, whichever came first. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 34.8 | 65.2 |
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 57.3 | 42.7 |
Percentage of participants who achieved ≥1% reduction of baseline HbA1c and losing ≥5% of baseline body weight (yes/no) is presented. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period, which started at the date of first dose to either the day of last dose plus 7 days or first initiation of rescue medication, whichever came first. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 25.9 | 74.1 |
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 45.1 | 54.9 |
Percentage of participants losing ≥10% of baseline body weight is presented. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period, which started at the date of first dose to either the day of last dose plus 7 days or first initiation of rescue medication, whichever came first. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 8.9 | 91.1 |
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 23.2 | 76.8 |
Percentage of participants losing ≥3% of baseline body weight (yes/no) is presented. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period, which started at the date of first dose to either the day of last dose plus 7 days or first initiation of rescue medication, whichever came first. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 64.9 | 35.1 |
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 68.8 | 31.2 |
Percentage of participants losing ≥5% of baseline body weight (yes/no) is presented. Results are based on the 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period, which started at the date of first dose to either the day of last dose plus 7 days or first initiation of rescue medication, whichever came first. (NCT03136484)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Canagliflozin + Semaglutide Placebo | 47.0 | 53.0 |
| Semaglutide + Canagliflozin Placebo | 52.7 | 47.3 |
Change in body weight from baseline to week 56. Full analysis set (FAS=1225) included all randomised subjects who had received at least one dose of semaglutide or sitagliptin. (NCT01930188)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 56
| Intervention | kilograms (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg + Sitagliptin Placebo | -4.28 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg + Sitagliptin Placebo | -6.13 |
| Sitagliptin + Semaglutide Placebo | -1.93 |
Change in fasting plasma glucose from baseline to week 56. Full analysis set (FAS=1225) included all randomised subjects who had received at least one dose of semaglutide or sitagliptin. (NCT01930188)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 56
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg + Sitagliptin Placebo | -37.38 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg + Sitagliptin Placebo | -46.72 |
| Sitagliptin + Semaglutide Placebo | -19.85 |
Change in HbA1c from baseline until week 56.Full analysis set (FAS=1225) included all randomised subjects who had received at least one dose of randomised semaglutide or sitagliptin. (NCT01930188)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 56
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg + Sitagliptin Placebo | -1.32 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg + Sitagliptin Placebo | -1.61 |
| Sitagliptin + Semaglutide Placebo | -0.55 |
Full analysis set (FAS=1225) included all randomised subjects who had received at least one dose of semaglutide or sitagliptin. The DTSQs questionnaire was used to assess subjects' treatment satisfaction. This questionnaire contained 8 components and evaluates the diabetes treatment (including insulin, tablets and/or diet) in terms of convenience, flexibility and general feelings towards the treatment. The result presented is the 'Treatment Satisfaction' summary score, which is the sum of 6 of the 8 items of the DTSQs questionnaire. Response options range from 6 (best case) to 0 (worst case). Total scores for treatment satisfaction range from 0-36. Higher scores indicate higher satisfaction. (NCT01930188)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 56
| Intervention | Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg + Sitagliptin Placebo | 5.28 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg + Sitagliptin Placebo | 5.91 |
| Sitagliptin + Semaglutide Placebo | 4.45 |
Change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure from baseline to week 56. Full analysis set (FAS=1225) included all randomised subjects who had received at least one dose of semaglutide or sitagliptin (NCT01930188)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 56
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Systolic blood pressure | Diastolic blood pressure | |
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg + Sitagliptin Placebo | -5.07 | -2.01 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg + Sitagliptin Placebo | -5.61 | -1.91 |
| Sitagliptin + Semaglutide Placebo | -2.29 | -1.11 |
Subjects who achieved HbA1c ≤6.5% (48 mmol/mol) American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) target (yes/no) after week 56 weeks of treatment. (NCT01930188)
Timeframe: After 56 weeks treatment
| Intervention | Subjects (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg + Sitagliptin Placebo | 215 | 194 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg + Sitagliptin Placebo | 270 | 139 |
| Sitagliptin + Semaglutide Placebo | 83 | 324 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in body weight was evaluated at week 52. The results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period: the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | -4.0 |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | -3.7 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in HbA1c was evaluated at week 52. The results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period: the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | Percentage of HbA1c (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | -1.3 |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | -0.9 |
A treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) is defined as an adverse event (AE) with onset in the on-treatment observation period (the time period where participants are considered treated with trial product) and was assessed up to approximately 57 weeks (52-week treatment period plus the 5-week follow-up period). (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-57
| Intervention | Events (Number) |
|---|---|
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 1022 |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 948 |
Treatment-emergent hypoglycaemia is an episode with onset in the on-treatment observation period (the time period where participants are considered treated with trial product) and was assessed up to approximately 57 weeks (52-week treatment period plus the 5-week follow-up period). Severe or BG-confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia is an episode that is severe according to the American Diabetes Association classification or blood glucose-confirmed by a plasma glucose value <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. Results are based on the data from the on-treatment observation period. On-treatment observation period: the time period when a participant was on treatment with trial product, including any period after initiation of rescue medication. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-57
| Intervention | Episodes (Number) |
|---|---|
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 10 |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 9 |
This outcome measure is only applicable for the oral semaglutide 14 mg treatment arm. Number of participants who measured with anti-semaglutide binding antibodies anytime during post-baseline visits (week 0 to week 57) are presented. The results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period: the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-57
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 2 |
This outcome measure is only applicable for the oral semaglutide 14 mg treatment arm. Number of participants who measured with anti-semaglutide binding antibodies cross reacting with native glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) anytime during post-baseline visits (week 0 to week 57) are presented. The results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period: the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-57
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 0 |
This outcome measure is only applicable for the oral semaglutide 14 mg treatment arm. Number of participants who measured with anti-semaglutide neutralising antibodies anytime during post-baseline visits (week 0 to week 57) are presented. The results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period: the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-57
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 0 |
This outcome measure is only applicable for the oral semaglutide 14 mg treatment arm. Number of participants who measured with anti-semaglutide neutralising antibodies cross reacting with native GLP-1 anytime during post-baseline visits (week 0 to week 57) are presented. The results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period: the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-57
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 0 |
Number of participants with treatment-emergent severe or BG-confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes was recorded during week 0-57. Results are based on the data from the on-treatment observation period. On-treatment observation period: the time period when a participant was on treatment with trial product, including any period after initiation of rescue medication. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-57
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 7 |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 8 |
This outcome measure is only applicable for the oral semaglutide 14 mg treatment arm. It is based on the data from participants who were measured with anti-semaglutide antibodies anytime during post-baseline visits (week 0 to week 57). Results are presented as percentage of bound radioactivity-labelled semaglutide /total added radioactivity-labelled semaglutide (%B/T). The results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period: the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-57
| Intervention | %B/T (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 4 | Week 8 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 2.75 | 2.17 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in amylase (units per liter [U/L]) at week 26 and week 52 is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the data from the on-treatment observation period. On-treatment observation period: the time period when a participant was on treatment with trial product, including any period after initiation of rescue medication. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of amylase (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 1.10 | 1.11 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 1.15 | 1.13 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was evaluated at week 26 and week 52. Results are based on the data from the on-treatment observation period. On-treatment observation period: the time period when a participant was on treatment with trial product, including any period after initiation of rescue medication. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52
| Intervention | Millimeters of mercury (mmHg) (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SBP, week 26 | SBP, week 52 | DBP, week 26 | DBP, week 52 | |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | -5 | -4 | -3 | -3 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | -5 | -5 | -2 | -3 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in body mass index (BMI) was evaluated at week 26 and week 52. The results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period: the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52
| Intervention | Kilograms per square meter (kg/m^2) (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | -1.4 | -1.4 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | -1.4 | -1.5 |
Relative change from baseline (week 0) in body weight (kg) was evaluated at week 26 and week 52. The results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period: the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52
| Intervention | Percentage change (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | -4.14 | -4.09 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | -4.34 | -4.38 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in body weight was evaluated at week 26. The endpoint was evaluated based on data from the in-trial observation period which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. The endpoint was also evaluated based on the data from the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period which was the time period when a participant was on treatment with trial product, excluding any period after initiation of rescue medication. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | Kilogram (Kg) (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| In-trial | On-treatment without rescue medication | |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | -3.8 | -3.9 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | -3.9 | -4.3 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in C-reactive protein (milligrams per liter [mg/L]) at week 26 and week 52 is presented as ratio to baseline. The results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period: the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26 and week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of C-reactive protein (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 0.98 | 0.90 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 0.69 | 0.68 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in Control of Eating Questionnaire (CoEQ) was evaluated at weeks 26 and 52. The CoEQ comprised 19 items to assess the intensity and type of food cravings, as well as subjective sensation of appetite and mood, with the 4 domains: 'craving control' (items 9-12, 19), 'positive mood' (items 5-8), 'craving for savoury' (items 4, 16-18) and 'craving for sweet' (items 3, 13-15). The 19 items were scored on an 11-point graded response scale ranging from 10 to 0, with items relating to each of the 4 domains being averaged to create a final score. A low score in the domains 'craving for sweet and 'craving for savoury' represents a low level of craving; whereas a high score in the domains 'craving control' and 'positive mood' represents good control and a good mood, respectively. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 26: Craving control | Week 52: Craving control | Week 26: Positive Mood | Week 52: Positive Mood | Week 26: Craving for Savoury | Week 52: Craving for Savoury | Week 26: Craving for Sweet | Week 52: Craving for Sweet | Week 26: 1.Feeling of hunger | Week 52: 1.Feeling of hunger | Week 26: 2.Feeling of fullness | Week 52: 2.Feeling of fullness | Week 26: 3.Desire to eat sweet foods | Week 52: 3.Desire to eat sweet foods | Week 26: 4.Desire to eat savoury foods | Week 52: 4.Desire to eat savoury foods | Week 26: 5.Feeling of happiness | Week 52: 5.Feeling of happiness | Week 26: 6.Feeling of anxiousness | Week 52: 6.Feeling of anxiousness | Week 26: 7.Feeling of alertness | Week 52: 7.Feeling of alertness | Week 26: 8.Feeling of contentment | Week 52: 8.Feeling of contentment | Week 26: 9.Food cravings during 7 days | Week 52: 9.Food cravings during 7 days | Week 26: 10.Strength of food cravings | Week 52: 10.Strength of food cravings | Week 26: 11.Difficulty to resist food cravings | Week 52: 11.Difficulty to resist food cravings | Week 26: 12.Eating in response to food cravings | Week 52: 12.Eating in response to food cravings | Week 26: 13.Cravings for chocolate | Week 52: 13.Cravings for chocolate | Week 26: 14.Cravings for other sweet foods | Week 52: 14.Cravings for other sweet foods | Week 26: 15.Cravings for fruit or fruit juice | Week 52: 15.Cravings for fruit or fruit juice | Week 26: 16.Cravings for dairy foods | Week 52: 16.Cravings for dairy foods | Week 26: 17.Cravings for starchy foods | Week 52: 17.Cravings for starchy foods | Week 26: 18.Cravings for savoury foods | Week 52: 18.Cravings for savoury foods | Week 26: 19.Difficulty to control eating general | Week 52: 19.Difficulty to control eating general | |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 0.21 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.17 | -0.54 | -0.44 | -0.21 | -0.17 | -0.09 | 0.07 | 0.29 | 0.06 | -0.22 | -0.18 | -0.56 | -0.57 | 0.21 | 0.21 | -0.31 | -0.21 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.22 | 0.17 | -0.03 | -0.17 | -0.18 | -0.14 | -0.35 | -0.30 | -0.12 | -0.01 | -0.26 | -0.12 | -0.36 | -0.24 | 0.01 | -0.15 | -0.43 | -0.16 | -0.59 | -0.51 | -0.56 | -0.50 | -0.36 | -0.27 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 0.46 | 0.44 | 0.08 | 0.15 | -0.68 | -0.66 | -0.25 | -0.21 | -0.80 | -0.60 | 0.40 | 0.35 | -0.35 | -0.36 | -0.82 | -0.82 | 0.00 | 0.13 | -0.21 | -0.19 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.23 | -0.43 | -0.42 | -0.27 | -0.32 | -0.47 | -0.33 | -0.19 | -0.17 | -0.10 | 0.08 | -0.39 | -0.33 | -0.15 | -0.22 | -0.48 | -0.42 | -0.81 | -0.78 | -0.61 | -0.60 | -0.90 | -0.97 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in electrocardiogram (ECG) was evaluated at week 26 and week 52. Change from baseline results are presented as shift in findings (normal, abnormal and not clinically significant (NCS), and abnormal and clinically significant (CS)) from week 0 to week 26 and week 52. The results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period: the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal (week 0) to normal (week 26) | Normal (week 0) to abnormal NCS (week 26) | Normal (week 0) to abnormal CS (week 26) | Abnormal NCS (week 0) to normal (week 26) | Abnormal NCS (week 0) to abnormal NCS (week 26) | Abnormal NCS (week 0) to abnormal CS (week 26) | Abnormal CS (week 0) to normal (week 26) | Abnormal CS (week 0) CS to abnormal NCS (week 26) | Abnormal CS (week 0) to abnormal CS (week 26) | Normal (week 0) to normal (week 52) | Normal (week 0) to abnormal NCS (week 52) | Normal (week 0) to abnormal CS (week 52) | Abnormal (week 0) NCS to normal (week 52) | Abnormal (week 0) NCS to abnormal NCS (week 52) | Abnormal (week 0) NCS to abnormal CS (week 52) | Abnormal CS (week 0) to normal (week 52) | Abnormal CS (week 0) to abnormal NCS (week 52) | Abnormal CS (week 0) to abnormal CS (week 52) | |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 203 | 37 | 2 | 41 | 110 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 194 | 39 | 2 | 45 | 97 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 207 | 30 | 1 | 50 | 97 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 196 | 39 | 0 | 46 | 98 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in fasting C-peptide (Nanomoles per liter [nmol/L]) at week 26 and week 52 is presented as ratio to baseline. The results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period: the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26 and week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of C-peptide (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| week 26 | week 52 | |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 0.89 | 0.92 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 1.10 | 1.09 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in fasting free fatty acids (FFA) (mmol/L) at week 26 and week 52 is presented as ratio to baseline. The results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. Because of an issue with the handling of the blood samples for FFA, all FFA data are considered invalid for this trial; thus, no conclusion with regards to FFA levels can be made based on the FFA data. In trial observation period: the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26 and week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of FFA (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 1.05 | 0.97 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 0.95 | 0.88 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in fasting glucagon (picograms per milliliter [pg/mL]) at week 26 and week 52 is presented as ratio to baseline. The results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period: the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26 and week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of glucagon (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 1.01 | 0.95 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 0.91 | 0.89 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in fasting high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (mmol/L) at week 26 and week 52 is presented as ratio to baseline. The results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period: the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26 and week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of HDL cholesterol (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 1.07 | 1.06 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 1.01 | 1.01 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in fasting insulin (picomoles per liter [pmol/L]) at week 26 and week 52 is presented as ratio to baseline. The results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period: the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26 and week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of insulin (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 0.77 | 0.77 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 1.06 | 1.03 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in fasting low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (mmol/L) at week 26 and week 52 is presented as ratio to baseline. The results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period: the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26 and week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of LDL cholesterol (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 1.03 | 1.03 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 0.96 | 0.97 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in fasting plasma glucose was evaluated at week 26 and week 52. The results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period: the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52
| Intervention | Millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | -2.08 | -2.14 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | -2.01 | -2.04 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in fasting pro-insulin (pmol/L) at week 26 and week 52 is presented as ratio to baseline. The results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period: the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26 and week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of pro-insulin (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 0.66 | 0.69 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 0.72 | 0.74 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in fasting total cholesterol (mmol/L) at week 26 and week 52 is presented as ratio to baseline. The results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period: the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26 and week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of total cholesterol (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 1.02 | 1.01 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 0.96 | 0.97 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in fasting triglycerides (mmol/L) at week 26 and week 52 is presented as ratio to baseline. The results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period: the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26 and week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of triglycerides (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 0.90 | 0.90 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 0.88 | 0.89 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in fasting very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol (mmol/L) at week 26 and week 52 is presented as ratio to baseline. The results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period: the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26 and week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of VLDL cholesterol (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 0.91 | 0.90 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 0.89 | 0.89 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was evaluated at week 26. The endpoint was evaluated based on data from the in-trial observation period which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. The endpoint was also evaluated based on the data from the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period which was the time period when a participant was on treatment with trial product, excluding any period after initiation of rescue medication. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | Percentage-point of HbA1c (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| In-trial | On-treatment without rescue medication | |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | -0.9 | -0.9 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | -1.3 | -1.5 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in homeostatic model assessment index of beta-cell function (HOMA-B) (%) at week 26 and week 52 is presented as ratio to baseline. The results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period: the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26 and week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of HOMA-B (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 1.16 | 1.17 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 1.67 | 1.66 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in homeostatic model assessment index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (%) at week 26 and week 52 is presented as ratio to baseline. The results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period: the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26 and week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of HOMA-IR (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 0.61 | 0.60 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 0.83 | 0.81 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in lipase (U/L) at week 26 and week 52 is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the data from the on-treatment observation period. On-treatment observation period: the time period when a participant was on treatment with trial product, including any period after initiation of rescue medication. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52
| Intervention | Ratio of lipase (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 1.10 | 1.07 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 1.37 | 1.27 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in pulse rate was evaluated at week 26 and week 52. Results are based on the data from the on-treatment observation period. On-treatment observation period: the time period when a participant was on treatment with trial product, including any period after initiation of rescue medication. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52
| Intervention | Beats/minute (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | -2 | -2 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 1 | 1 |
SF-36 is a 36-item patient-reported survey of patient health that measures the participant's overall health-related quality of life (HRQoL). SF-36v2™ (acute version) questionnaire measured eight domains of functional health and well-being as well as two component summary scores (physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS)). The 0-100 scale scores (where higher scores indicated a better HRQoL) from the SF-36 were converted to norm-based scores to enable a direct interpretation in relation to the distribution of the scores in the 2009 U.S. general population. In the metric of norm-based scores, 50 and 10 corresponds to the mean and standard deviation respectively of the 2009 U.S. general population. Change from baseline (week 0) in the domain scores and component summary (PCS and MCS) scores were evaluated at weeks 26 and 52. A positive change score indicates an improvement since baseline. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 26: Physical Functioning | Week 52: Physical Functioning | Week 26: Role functioning | Week 52: Role functioning | Week 26: Bodily pain | Week 52: Bodily pain | Week 26: General health | Week 52: General health | Week 26: Vitality | Week 52: Vitality | Week 26: Social functioning | Week 52: Social functioning | Week 26: Role emotional | Week 52: Role emotional | Week 26: Mental health | Week 52: Mental health | Week 26: PCS | Week 52: PCS | Week 26: MCS | Week 52: MCS | |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 0.99 | 0.84 | 0.56 | 0.52 | 1.04 | 1.20 | 1.36 | 1.86 | 0.49 | 1.15 | -0.54 | -0.54 | 0.53 | 0.42 | -0.03 | -0.03 | 1.21 | 1.36 | -0.23 | -0.09 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 0.87 | 0.57 | 0.07 | -0.61 | -0.32 | -0.33 | 2.26 | 2.47 | 0.66 | 0.83 | 0.50 | -0.18 | 0.67 | 0.30 | 0.94 | 0.29 | 0.53 | 0.44 | 0.83 | 0.35 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in mean of the 7-point self-measured plasma glucose (SMPG) (i.e. before and after breakfast, lunch and dinner, and at bedtime) profile was evaluated at week 26 and week 52. The results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period: the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26 and week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | -1.9 | -2.1 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | -2.3 | -2.3 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in mean postprandial glucose increment was evaluated at week 26 and week 52. The results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period: the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26 and week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | -0.4 | -0.4 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | -0.5 | -0.6 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in waist circumference was evaluated at week 26 and week 52. The results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period: the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52
| Intervention | Centimetre (cm) (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | -2.9 | -2.9 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | -3.9 | -3.7 |
Semaglutide plasma concentrations were measured after 25 minutes post-dose at week 4, 26 and 52. Results are based on the data from the on-treatment observation period. On-treatment observation period: the time period when a participant was on treatment with trial product, including any period after initiation of rescue medication. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-52
| Intervention | Nanomoles per liter (nmol/L) (Geometric Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 | Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 3.5 | 15.6 | 14.4 |
This outcome measure is only applicable for the oral semaglutide 14 mg treatment arm. Sodium N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl) amino]caprylate (SNAC) plasma concentrations were measured after 25 and 40 minutes post-dose at week 4, 26 and 52. Results are based on the data from the on-treatment observation period. On-treatment observation period: the time period when a participant was on treatment with trial product, including any period after initiation of rescue medication. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-52
| Intervention | Nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) (Geometric Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4: 25 minutes post-dose | Week 4: 40 minutes post-dose | Week 26: 25 minutes post-dose | Week 26: 40 minutes post-dose | Week 52: 25 minutes post-dose | Week 52: 40 minutes post-dose | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 559 | 375 | 474 | 373 | 448 | 301 |
Presented results are the number of participants who had taken additional anti-diabetic medication anytime during the periods, from week 0 to week 26 and week 0 to week 52. Additional anti-diabetic medication: use of new anti-diabetic medication for more than 21 days with the initiation at or after randomisation (week 0) and before (planned) end-of-treatment (week 26/week 52), and/or intensification of anti-diabetic medication (a more than 20% increase in dose relative to baseline) for more than 21 days with the intensification at or after randomisation and before (planned) end-of-treatment. The results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period: the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-52
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 0-26 | Week 0-52 | |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 13 | 56 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 17 | 52 |
Presented results are the number of participants who had taken rescue medication anytime during the periods, from week 0 to week 26 and week 0 to week 52. Rescue medication: use of new antidiabetic medication as add-on to trial product and used for more than 21 days with the initiation at or after randomisation (week 0) and before last day on trial product, and/or intensification of anti-diabetic medication (a more than 20% increase in dose relative to baseline for more than 21 days with the intensification at or after randomisation and before last day on trial product. Results are based on the data from the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period. On-treatment without rescue medication observation period: the time period when a participant was on treatment with trial product, excluding any period after initiation of rescue medication. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-52
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 0-26 | Week 0-52 | |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 5 | 44 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 8 | 31 |
The eye examination findings (normal, abnormal NCS and abnormal CS) of the participants at baseline (week -2) and week 52 are presented. The results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period: the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week -2, week 52
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Left eye (week -2)72547077 | Left eye (week -2)72547078 | Left eye (week 52)72547077 | Left eye (week 52)72547078 | Right eye (week -2)72547077 | Right eye (week -2)72547078 | Right eye (week 52)72547077 | Right eye (week 52)72547078 | |||||||||||||||||
| Normal | Abnormal NCS | Abnormal CS | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 295 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 295 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 107 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 102 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 264 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 103 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 294 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 293 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 109 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 107 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 267 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 269 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 96 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 93 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
The physical examination findings (normal, abnormal NCS and abnormal CS) of the participants at week -2 and week 52 are presented for the following examinations: Cardiovascular system, Nervous system (central and peripheral); Gastrointestinal system, incl. mouth; General appearance; Head (ears, eyes, nose), throat, neck; Lymph node palpation; Musculoskeletal system; Respiratory system; Skin; Thyroid gland. The results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period: the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week -2, week 52
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular system (week -2)72547077 | Cardiovascular system (week -2)72547078 | Cardiovascular system (week 52)72547077 | Cardiovascular system (week 52)72547078 | Nervous system (week -2)72547077 | Nervous system (week -2)72547078 | Nervous system (week 52)72547078 | Nervous system (week 52)72547077 | Gastrointestinal system (week -2)72547077 | Gastrointestinal system (week -2)72547078 | Gastrointestinal system (week 52)72547077 | Gastrointestinal system (week 52)72547078 | General appearance (week -2)72547077 | General appearance (week -2)72547078 | General appearance (week 52)72547077 | General appearance (week 52)72547078 | Head, throat, neck (week -2)72547077 | Head, throat, neck (week -2)72547078 | Head, throat, neck (week 52)72547077 | Head, throat, neck (week 52)72547078 | Lymph node palpation (week -2)72547077 | Lymph node palpation (week -2)72547078 | Lymph node palpation (week 52)72547077 | Lymph node palpation (week 52)72547078 | Musculoskeletal system (week -2)72547077 | Musculoskeletal system (week -2)72547078 | Musculoskeletal system (week 52)72547077 | Musculoskeletal system (week 52)72547078 | Respiratory system (week -2)72547077 | Respiratory system (week -2)72547078 | Respiratory system (week 52)72547077 | Respiratory system (week 52)72547078 | Skin (week -2)72547078 | Skin (week -2)72547077 | Skin (week 52)72547077 | Skin (week 52)72547078 | Thyroid gland (week -2)72547077 | Thyroid gland (week -2)72547078 | Thyroid gland (week 52)72547078 | Thyroid gland (week 52)72547077 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Normal | Abnormal NCS | Abnormal CS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 381 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 372 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 24 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 34 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 360 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 351 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 21 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 29 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 390 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 376 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 30 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 371 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 365 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 17 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 387 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 23 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 24 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 366 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 360 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 22 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 354 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 47 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 49 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 345 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 338 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 36 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 41 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 389 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 382 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 18 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 26 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 362 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 19 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 409 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 409 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 385 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 381 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 384 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 25 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 370 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 363 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 400 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 403 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 375 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 378 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 357 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 354 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 50 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 53 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 346 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 340 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 37 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 42 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 399 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 389 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 18 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 376 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 367 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 16 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Participants who achieved HbA1c <7.0% (53 mmol/mol) (American Diabetes Association (ADA) target) at week 26 and week 52. The results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period: the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week 26 and week 52
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 2672547077 | Week 2672547078 | Week 5272547077 | Week 5272547078 | |||||
| Yes | No | |||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 262 | |||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 158 | |||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 130 | |||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 237 | |||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 254 | |||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 165 | |||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 217 | |||||||
Participants who achieved HbA1c <7.0% (53 mmol/mol) without severe or blood glucose (BG) confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia and without weight gain at week 26 and week 52. Severe or BG-confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia: an episode, that is severe according to the ADA classification or BG-confirmed by a plasma glucose value <3.1 mmol/L with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. The results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period: the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week 26 and week 52
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 2672547077 | Week 2672547078 | Week 5272547077 | Week 5272547078 | |||||
| Yes | No | |||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 237 | |||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 141 | |||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 155 | |||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 254 | |||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 214 | |||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 149 | |||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 170 | |||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 233 | |||||||
Participants who achieved HbA1c ≤6.5% (48 mmol/mol) (American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) target) at week 26 and week 52. The results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period: the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week 26 and week 52
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 2672547077 | Week 2672547078 | Week 5272547077 | Week 5272547078 | |||||
| Yes | No | |||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 186 | |||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 68 | |||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 206 | |||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 327 | |||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 182 | |||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 83 | |||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 202 | |||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 299 | |||||||
Participants who achieved HbA1c reduction ≥1%-point and weight loss of ≥3% at week 26 and week 52. The results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period: the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week 26 and week 52
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| week 2672547078 | week 2672547077 | week 5272547077 | week 5272547078 | |||||
| Yes | No | |||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 177 | |||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 111 | |||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 215 | |||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 284 | |||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 164 | |||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 101 | |||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 220 | |||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 281 | |||||||
Participants who achieved weight loss of ≥10% at week 26 and week 52. The results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period: the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week 26 and week 52
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 2672547077 | Week 2672547078 | Week 5272547077 | Week 5272547078 | |||||
| Yes | No | |||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 49 | |||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 27 | |||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 344 | |||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 369 | |||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 58 | |||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 30 | |||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 328 | |||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 353 | |||||||
Participants who achieved weight loss of ≥5% at week 26 and week 52. The results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. In trial observation period: the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02863328)
Timeframe: Week 26 and week 52
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 2672547077 | Week 2672547078 | Week 5272547077 | Week 5272547078 | |||||
| Yes | No | |||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 162 | |||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 143 | |||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 231 | |||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 253 | |||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 156 | |||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 150 | |||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 230 | |||||||
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 233 | |||||||
Mean change in body weight from baseline to week 56. (NCT01885208)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 56
| Intervention | kilograms (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | -5.63 |
| Exenatide ER 2.0 mg | -1.85 |
Mean change in FPG from baseline to week 56. (NCT01885208)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 56
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | -51.22 |
| Exenatide ER 2.0 mg | -36.1 |
Mean change in HbA1c from baseline to week 56. (NCT01885208)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 56
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | -1.54 |
| Exenatide ER 2.0 mg | -0.92 |
The Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQs) was used to assess a subject's treatment satisfaction. This questionnaire contained 8 components and measures the treatment for diabetes (including insulin, tablets and/or diet) in terms of convenience, flexibility and general feelings regarding treatment. The value presented is the 'Treatment Satisfaction' summary score, which is the sum of 6 of the 8 items of the DTSQs questionnaire. Response options range from 6 (best case) to 0 (worst case). Total scores for treatment satisfaction range from 0-36. Higher scores indicate higher satisfaction. (NCT01885208)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 56
| Intervention | Units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 4.98 |
| Exenatide ER 2.0 mg | 3.96 |
Mean changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure from baseline to week 56. (NCT01885208)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 56
| Intervention | mm Hg (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Systolic blood pressure | Diastolic blood pressure | |
| Exenatide ER 2.0 mg | -2.23 | -0.1 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | -4.6 | -1.0 |
Samples from the insulin 287 arm of the study were analysed for anti-insulin 287 antibodies. Confirmed anti-insulin 287 antibody positive samples had an antibody titre value determined. The endpoint was evaluated based on the data from in-trial period, starting at randomisation, and ending at the last direct participant-site contact, or when participant withdrew their informed consent, or the last participant-investigator contact for participants lost to follow-up, or death. (NCT03751657)
Timeframe: From baseline (Visit 2) to week 31 (Visit 30)
| Intervention | Antibody titers (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin 287 | 979.9 |
Change in body weight from baseline (week 0) to week 26 is presented. The endpoint was evaluated based on the data from on-treatment without ancillary treatment period, starting at the date of first dose of trial product until the follow-up visit, or the last date on trial product + 5 weeks for once daily insulin and + 6 weeks for once weekly insulin, or initiation of any diabetes treatment other than trial products and metformin +/- DPP4i, or increase of the dose of metformin or DPP4i. (NCT03751657)
Timeframe: From baseline (Visit 2) to week 26 (Visit 28)
| Intervention | Kilogram (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin 287 | 1.49 |
| Insulin Glargine | 1.56 |
Change in fasting plasma glucose from baseline (week 0) to week 26 is presented. The endpoint was evaluated based on the data from on-treatment without ancillary treatment period, starting at the date of first dose of trial product until the follow-up visit, or the last date on trial product + 5 weeks for once daily insulin and + 6 weeks for once weekly insulin, or initiation of any diabetes treatment other than trial products and metformin +/- DPP4i, or increase of the dose of metformin or DPP4i. (NCT03751657)
Timeframe: From baseline (Visit 2) to week 26 (Visit 28)
| Intervention | mmol/l (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin 287 | -3.20 |
| Insulin Glargine | -2.99 |
Change in HbA1c from baseline (week 0) to week 26 is presented. The endpoint was evaluated based on the data from on-treatment without ancillary treatment period, starting at the date of first dose of trial product until the follow-up visit, or the last date on trial product + 5 weeks for once daily insulin and + 6 weeks for once weekly insulin, or initiation of any diabetes treatment other than trial products and metformin +/- DPP4i, or increase of the dose of metformin or DPP4i. (NCT03751657)
Timeframe: From baseline (Visit 2) to week 26 (Visit 28)
| Intervention | Percentage point of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin 287 | -1.33 |
| Insulin Glargine | -1.15 |
Change in HbA1c from baseline (week 0) to week 26 is presented. The endpoint was evaluated based on the data from on-treatment without ancillary treatment period, starting at the date of first dose of trial product until the follow-up visit, or the last date on trial product + 5 weeks for once daily insulin and + 6 weeks for once weekly insulin, or initiation of any diabetes treatment other than trial products and metformin +/- DPP4i, or increase of the dose of metformin or DPP4i. (NCT03751657)
Timeframe: From baseline (Visit 2) to week 26 (Visit 28)
| Intervention | mmol/mol (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin 287 | -14.51 |
| Insulin Glargine | -12.54 |
Participants measured their PG levels using blood glucose meters at 9 time points (before breakfast, 90 minutes after the start of breakfast, before lunch, 90 minutes after the start of lunch, before dinner, 90 minutes after the start of dinner, at bedtime, at 4 am, before breakfast the following day). The endpoint was evaluated based on the data from on-treatment without ancillary treatment period, starting at the date of first dose of trial product until the follow-up visit, or the last date on trial product + 5 weeks for once daily insulin and + 6 weeks for once weekly insulin, or initiation of any diabetes treatment other than trial products and metformin +/- DPP4i, or increase of the dose of metformin or DPP4i. (NCT03751657)
Timeframe: From baseline (Visit 2) to week 26 (Visit 28)
| Intervention | mmol/l (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin 287 | -2.70 |
| Insulin Glargine | -2.26 |
Fasting C-peptide at week 26 is presented. The endpoint was evaluated based on the data from on-treatment without ancillary treatment period, starting at the date of first dose of trial product until the follow-up visit, or the last date on trial product + 5 weeks for once daily insulin and + 6 weeks for once weekly insulin, or initiation of any diabetes treatment other than trial products and metformin +/- DPP4i, or increase of the dose of metformin or DPP4i. (NCT03751657)
Timeframe: At week 26 (Visit 28)
| Intervention | Nanomoles per liter (nmol/l) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin 287 | 0.44 |
| Insulin Glargine | 0.47 |
Participants measured their plasma glucose (PG) levels using blood glucose meters at 9 time points (before breakfast, 90 minutes after the start of breakfast, before lunch, 90 minutes after the start of lunch, before dinner, 90 minutes after the start of dinner, at bedtime, at 4 am, before breakfast the following day). Presented fluctuation in 9-point SMPG profile is the integrated absolute distance from the mean profile value divided by measurement time and is calculated using the trapezoidal method. The endpoint was evaluated based on the data from on-treatment without ancillary treatment period, starting at the date of first dose of trial product until the follow-up visit, or the last date on trial product + 5 weeks for once daily insulin and + 6 weeks for once weekly insulin, or initiation of any diabetes treatment other than trial products and metformin +/- DPP4i, or increase of the dose of metformin or DPP4i. (NCT03751657)
Timeframe: Week 26 (Visit 28)
| Intervention | mmol/l (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin 287 | 0.92 |
| Insulin Glargine | 0.94 |
Clinically significant hypoglycaemic episodes (level 2) were defined as episodes that were sufficiently low to indicate serious, clinically important hypoglycaemia with plasma glucose value of less than (<) 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL). Severe hypoglycaemic episodes (level 3) were defined as episodes that were associated with severe cognitive impairment requiring external assistance for recovery. Number of clinically significant hypoglycaemic episodes (level 2), confirmed by blood glucose (BG) meter or severe hypoglycaemic episodes (level 3) that occurred from week 0 to week 26 are presented. (NCT03751657)
Timeframe: From baseline (Visit 2) to week 26 (Visit 28)
| Intervention | Episodes (Number) |
|---|---|
| Insulin 287 | 38 |
| Insulin Glargine | 31 |
Hypoglycaemia alert value (level 1) was defined as episodes that were sufficiently low for treatment with fast-acting carbohydrate and dose adjustment of glucose-lowering therapy with plasma glucose value of equal to or above (>=) 3.0 and less than (<) 3.9 mmol/L (>= 54 and < 70 mg/dL) confirmed by BG meter. Number of hypoglycaemic alert episodes (level 1) that occurred from week 0 to week 26 are presented. (NCT03751657)
Timeframe: From baseline (Visit 2) to week 26 (Visit 28)
| Intervention | Episodes (Number) |
|---|---|
| Insulin 287 | 358 |
| Insulin Glargine | 145 |
Severe hypoglycaemic episodes (level 3) were defined as episodes that were associated with severe cognitive impairment requiring external assistance for recovery. Number of severe hypoglycaemic episodes that occurred from week 0 to week 26 are presented. (NCT03751657)
Timeframe: From baseline (Visit 2) to week 26 (Visit 28)
| Intervention | Episodes (Number) |
|---|---|
| Insulin 287 | 1 |
| Insulin Glargine | 0 |
An adverse event (AE) is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical trial subject administered or using a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product or usage. A TEAE was defined as an event that had onset date (or increase in severity) during the on-treatment observation period. The endpoint was evaluated based on the data from on-treatment period, starting at the date of first dose of trial product, and ending at follow-up visit, or the last date on trial product + 5 weeks for once daily insulin and + 6 weeks for once weekly insulin. (NCT03751657)
Timeframe: From baseline (Visit 2) to week 31 (Visit 30)
| Intervention | Events (Number) |
|---|---|
| Insulin 287 | 229 |
| Insulin Glargine | 158 |
Weekly dose of insulin 287 and weekly dose of glargine at week 25 and week 26 are presented.The endpoint was evaluated based on the data from on-treatment without ancillary treatment period, starting at the date of first dose of trial product until the follow-up visit, or the last date on trial product + 5 weeks for once daily insulin and + 6 weeks for once weekly insulin, or initiation of any diabetes treatment other than trial products and metformin +/- DPP4i, or increase of the dose of metformin or DPP4i. (NCT03751657)
Timeframe: week 25 (Visit 27) and 26 (Visit 28)
| Intervention | Units of Insulin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin 287 | 229.06 |
| Insulin Glargine | 284.05 |
Participants measured their plasma glucose (PG) levels using blood glucose meters (as plasma equivalent values of capillary whole blood glucose) at 9 time points (before breakfast, 90 minutes after the start of breakfast, before lunch, 90 minutes after the start of lunch, before dinner, 90 minutes after the start of dinner, at bedtime, at 4 am, before breakfast the following day). 9-point SMPG values after 26 weeks are presented. The endpoint was evaluated based on the data from on-treatment without ancillary treatment period, starting at the date of first dose of trial product until the follow-up visit, or the last date on trial product + 5 weeks for once daily insulin and + 6 weeks for once weekly insulin, or initiation of any diabetes treatment other than trial products and metformin +/- DPP4i, or increase of the dose of metformin or DPP4i. (NCT03751657)
Timeframe: Week 26 (Visit 28)
| Intervention | mmol/l (Least Squares Mean) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before breakfast | 90 minutes after start of breakfast | Before lunch | 90 minutes after start of lunch | Before main evening meal | 90 minutes after the start of main evening meal | Before bedtime | At 4:00 a.m. | Before breakfast the following day | |
| Insulin 287 | 5.70 | 7.90 | 6.09 | 7.83 | 6.55 | 8.01 | 7.35 | 5.72 | 5.74 |
| Insulin Glargine | 6.19 | 8.51 | 6.19 | 8.50 | 6.96 | 8.47 | 7.87 | 5.98 | 6.05 |
Anti-insulin 287 or glargine antibodies were classified as negative if % B/T was below a certain cut point. Samples positive for anti-insulin 287 or glargine antibodies were further tested for cross-reactivity to endogenous insulin. Samples not further tested are categorised as not applicable (NA). Unknown refers to samples with insufficient volume to perform analysis. The endpoint was evaluated based on the data from in-trial period, starting at randomisation, and ending at the last direct participant-site contact, or when participant withdrew their informed consent, or the last participant-investigator contact for participants lost to follow-up, or death. (NCT03751657)
Timeframe: From baseline (Visit 2) to week 31 (Visit 30)
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 072515459 | Week 072515460 | Week 3172515460 | Week 3172515459 | |||||||||||||
| Positive | Unknown | Not Applicable | Negative | |||||||||||||
| Insulin Glargine | 1 | |||||||||||||||
| Insulin 287 | 1 | |||||||||||||||
| Insulin Glargine | 9 | |||||||||||||||
| Insulin 287 | 124 | |||||||||||||||
| Insulin Glargine | 112 | |||||||||||||||
| Insulin 287 | 9 | |||||||||||||||
| Insulin Glargine | 0 | |||||||||||||||
| Insulin 287 | 86 | |||||||||||||||
| Insulin Glargine | 26 | |||||||||||||||
| Insulin 287 | 0 | |||||||||||||||
| Insulin 287 | 25 | |||||||||||||||
| Insulin Glargine | 89 | |||||||||||||||
First phase response (NCT01779375)
Timeframe: 3-months after a medication washout
| Intervention | nmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin Alone | 1.11 |
| Glargine Followed by Metformin | 1.12 |
Participants had 12-months of active therapy. Secondary results at the end of active intervention. (NCT01779375)
Timeframe: End of active intervention (Month 12)
| Intervention | x 10-5 mmol/kg/min per pmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin Alone | 1.52 |
| Glargine Followed by Metformin | 1.93 |
Clamp measure of insulin sensitivity (NCT01779375)
Timeframe: 3-months after a medication washout
| Intervention | x 10-5 mmol/kg/min per pmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin Alone | 1.48 |
| Glargine Followed by Metformin | 1.70 |
Participants had 12-months of active therapy. Secondary results at the end of active intervention. (NCT01779375)
Timeframe: End of active intervention (Month 12).
| Intervention | nmol/L (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Steady State C-peptide | ACPRmax | ACPRg | |
| Glargine Followed by Metformin | 4.37 | 5.79 | 1.03 |
| Metformin Alone | 4.78 | 6.95 | 1.06 |
Clamp measures of ß-cell response, co-primary outcomes (NCT01779375)
Timeframe: 3-months after medication washout (Month 15)
| Intervention | nmol/L (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Steady State C-peptide | ACPRmax | |
| Glargine Followed by Metformin | 4.18 | 5.95 |
| Metformin Alone | 4.82 | 6.92 |
KCCQ is a 23-item, self-administered instrument that quantifies physical function, symptoms (frequency, severity and recent change), social function, self-efficacy and knowledge, and quality of life. The KCCQ total symptom score incorporates the symptom domains into a single score. Scores are transformed to a range of 0-100, in which higher scores reflect better health status. (NCT03036124)
Timeframe: Baseline and 8 months or death before 8 months
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapa 10 mg | 6.1 |
| Placebo | 3.3 |
Secondary (NCT03036124)
Timeframe: Up to 27.8 months.
| Intervention | events (Number) |
|---|---|
| Dapa 10 mg | 567 |
| Placebo | 742 |
Secondary (NCT03036124)
Timeframe: Up to 27.8 months.
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Dapa 10 mg | 28 |
| Placebo | 39 |
Secondary (NCT03036124)
Timeframe: Up to 27.8 months.
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Dapa 10 mg | 382 |
| Placebo | 495 |
Primary efficacy (NCT03036124)
Timeframe: Up to 27.8 months.
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Dapa 10 mg | 386 |
| Placebo | 502 |
Secondary (NCT03036124)
Timeframe: Up to 27.8 months.
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Dapa 10 mg | 276 |
| Placebo | 329 |
"Body weight change from baseline after 24 weeks.~For open-label groups the descriptive mean is provided, for randomised groups adjusted means are provided. The means are adjusted separately for metformin alone and metformin plus sulphonylurea background medication." (NCT01159600)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 weeks
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Met: Placebo | -0.45 |
| Met: Empa 10mg | -2.08 |
| Met: Empa 25mg | -2.46 |
| Met: Empa 25mg Open Label | -1.33 |
| Met+SU: Placebo | -0.39 |
| Met+SU: Empa 10mg | -2.16 |
| Met+SU: Empa 25mg | -2.39 |
| Met+SU: Empa 25mg Open Label | -1.29 |
Number of patients with confirmed hypoglycaemic events, as reported as adverse events. (NCT01159600)
Timeframe: From first intake of randomised trial medication until 7 days after last trial medication intake, up to 231 days
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Met: Placebo | 0.5 |
| Met: Empa 10mg | 1.8 |
| Met: Empa 25mg | 1.4 |
| Met: Empa 25mg Open Label | 2.9 |
| Met+SU: Placebo | 8.4 |
| Met+SU: Empa 10mg | 16.1 |
| Met+SU: Empa 25mg | 11.5 |
| Met+SU: Empa 25mg Open Label | 6.9 |
"Change from baseline in HbA1c after 24 weeks.~For open-label groups the descriptive mean is provided, for randomised groups adjusted means are provided. The means are adjusted separately for metformin alone and metformin plus sulphonylurea background medication." (NCT01159600)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of HbA1c (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Met: Placebo | -0.13 |
| Met: Empa 10mg | -0.70 |
| Met: Empa 25mg | -0.77 |
| Met: Empa 25mg Open Label | -2.78 |
| Met+SU: Placebo | -0.17 |
| Met+SU: Empa 10mg | -0.82 |
| Met+SU: Empa 25mg | -0.77 |
| Met+SU: Empa 25mg Open Label | -2.53 |
"Change from baseline in mean daily glucose (MDG) using the 8-point blood glucose profile, after 24 weeks of treatment.~For open-label groups the descriptive mean is provided, for randomised groups adjusted means are provided. The means are adjusted separately for metformin alone and metformin plus sulphonylurea background medication." (NCT01159600)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Met: Placebo | -1.99 |
| Met: Empa 10mg | -9.64 |
| Met: Empa 25mg | -14.36 |
| Met: Empa 25mg Open Label | -35.47 |
| Met+SU: Placebo | 0.00 |
| Met+SU: Empa 10mg | -10.01 |
| Met+SU: Empa 25mg | -13.06 |
| Met+SU: Empa 25mg Open Label | -29.34 |
Body Weight (kg) - Change From Baseline After 52 Weeks of Treatment (NCT01289990)
Timeframe: Baseline and 52 weeks
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| BI 10773 Low (Drug Naive) | -2.70 |
| BI 10773 High (Drug Naive) | -2.61 |
| Placebo (Drug Naive) | -0.48 |
| Sitagliptin 100mg (Drug Naive) | 0.14 |
| BI 10773 Low (Pioglitazone) | -1.50 |
| BI 10773 High (Pioglitazone) | -1.40 |
| Placebo (Pioglitazone) | 0.59 |
| BI 10773 Low (Metformin) | -2.27 |
| BI 10773 High (Metformin) | -2.84 |
| Placebo (Metformin) | -0.54 |
| BI 10773 Low (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | -2.28 |
| BI 10773 High (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | -2.32 |
| Placebo (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | -0.31 |
Body Weight (kg) - Change From Baseline After 76 Weeks of Treatment (NCT01289990)
Timeframe: Baseline and 76 weeks
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| BI 10773 Low (Drug Naive) | -2.24 |
| BI 10773 High (Drug Naive) | -2.45 |
| Placebo (Drug Naive) | -0.43 |
| Sitagliptin 100mg (Drug Naive) | 0.10 |
| BI 10773 Low (Pioglitazone) | -1.47 |
| BI 10773 High (Pioglitazone) | -1.21 |
| Placebo (Pioglitazone) | 0.50 |
| BI 10773 Low (Metformin) | -2.39 |
| BI 10773 High (Metformin) | -2.65 |
| Placebo (Metformin) | -0.46 |
| BI 10773 Low (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | -2.44 |
| BI 10773 High (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | -2.28 |
| Placebo (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | -0.63 |
Change from baseline in HbA1c after 52 weeks (NCT01289990)
Timeframe: Baseline and 52 weeks
| Intervention | % of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| BI 10773 Low (Drug Naive) | -0.70 |
| BI 10773 High (Drug Naive) | -0.82 |
| Placebo (Drug Naive) | 0.09 |
| Sitagliptin 100mg (Drug Naive) | -0.58 |
| BI 10773 Low (Pioglitazone) | -0.63 |
| BI 10773 High (Pioglitazone) | -0.71 |
| Placebo (Pioglitazone) | -0.03 |
| BI 10773 Low (Metformin) | -0.69 |
| BI 10773 High (Metformin) | -0.76 |
| Placebo (Metformin) | -0.07 |
| BI 10773 Low (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | -0.78 |
| BI 10773 High (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | -0.74 |
| Placebo (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | -0.04 |
Change from baseline in HbA1c after 76 weeks (NCT01289990)
Timeframe: Baseline and 76 weeks
| Intervention | % of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| BI 10773 Low (Drug Naive) | -0.65 |
| BI 10773 High (Drug Naive) | -0.76 |
| Placebo (Drug Naive) | 0.13 |
| Sitagliptin 100mg (Drug Naive) | -0.53 |
| BI 10773 Low (Pioglitazone) | -0.61 |
| BI 10773 High (Pioglitazone) | -0.70 |
| Placebo (Pioglitazone) | -0.01 |
| BI 10773 Low (Metformin) | -0.62 |
| BI 10773 High (Metformin) | -0.74 |
| Placebo (Metformin) | -0.01 |
| BI 10773 Low (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | -0.74 |
| BI 10773 High (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | -0.72 |
| Placebo (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | -0.03 |
Diastolic blood pressure - change from baseline after 52 weeks of treatment (NCT01289990)
Timeframe: Baseline and 52 weeks
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| BI 10773 Low (Drug Naive) | -1.3 |
| BI 10773 High (Drug Naive) | -1.9 |
| Placebo (Drug Naive) | -0.2 |
| Sitagliptin 100mg (Drug Naive) | -0.3 |
| BI 10773 Low (Pioglitazone) | -1.6 |
| BI 10773 High (Pioglitazone) | -2.2 |
| Placebo (Pioglitazone) | 0.4 |
| BI 10773 Low (Metformin) | -2.2 |
| BI 10773 High (Metformin) | -2.1 |
| Placebo (Metformin) | -0.4 |
| BI 10773 Low (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | -1.7 |
| BI 10773 High (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | -1.6 |
| Placebo (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | -1.0 |
Diastolic blood pressure - change from baseline after 76 weeks of treatment (NCT01289990)
Timeframe: Baseline and 76 weeks
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| BI 10773 Low (Drug Naive) | -1.6 |
| BI 10773 High (Drug Naive) | -1.6 |
| Placebo (Drug Naive) | -0.6 |
| Sitagliptin 100mg (Drug Naive) | -0.1 |
| BI 10773 Low (Pioglitazone) | -1.3 |
| BI 10773 High (Pioglitazone) | -2.0 |
| Placebo (Pioglitazone) | 0.2 |
| BI 10773 Low (Metformin) | -2.5 |
| BI 10773 High (Metformin) | -1.9 |
| Placebo (Metformin) | -0.5 |
| BI 10773 Low (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | -2.6 |
| BI 10773 High (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | -2.3 |
| Placebo (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | -1.4 |
Fasting plasma glucose - change from baseline after 52 weeks of treatment (NCT01289990)
Timeframe: Baseline and 52 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| BI 10773 Low (Drug Naive) | -18.9 |
| BI 10773 High (Drug Naive) | -23.9 |
| Placebo (Drug Naive) | 13.3 |
| Sitagliptin 100mg (Drug Naive) | -3.9 |
| BI 10773 Low (Pioglitazone) | -16.7 |
| BI 10773 High (Pioglitazone) | -20.7 |
| Placebo (Pioglitazone) | 10.3 |
| BI 10773 Low (Metformin) | -16.7 |
| BI 10773 High (Metformin) | -19.7 |
| Placebo (Metformin) | 7.6 |
| BI 10773 Low (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | -18.4 |
| BI 10773 High (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | -19.3 |
| Placebo (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | 9.4 |
Fasting plasma glucose - change from baseline after 76 weeks of treatment (NCT01289990)
Timeframe: Baseline and 76 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| BI 10773 Low (Drug Naive) | -17.2 |
| BI 10773 High (Drug Naive) | -20.4 |
| Placebo (Drug Naive) | 14.4 |
| Sitagliptin 100mg (Drug Naive) | -1.8 |
| BI 10773 Low (Pioglitazone) | -13.9 |
| BI 10773 High (Pioglitazone) | -18.0 |
| Placebo (Pioglitazone) | 9.4 |
| BI 10773 Low (Metformin) | -14.5 |
| BI 10773 High (Metformin) | -20.9 |
| Placebo (Metformin) | 10.5 |
| BI 10773 Low (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | -19.5 |
| BI 10773 High (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | -20.4 |
| Placebo (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | 11.4 |
Change from baseline in HbA1c (%) after 76 weeks using MMRM approach (NCT01289990)
Timeframe: Baseline and 76 weeks
| Intervention | % of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| BI 10773 Low (Drug Naive) | -0.70 |
| BI 10773 High (Drug Naive) | -0.77 |
| Placebo (Drug Naive) | 0.13 |
| Sitagliptin 100mg (Drug Naive) | -0.48 |
| BI 10773 Low (Pioglitazone) | -0.67 |
| BI 10773 High (Pioglitazone) | -0.77 |
| Placebo (Pioglitazone) | -0.05 |
| BI 10773 Low (Metformin) | -0.60 |
| BI 10773 High (Metformin) | -0.76 |
| Placebo (Metformin) | 0.07 |
| BI 10773 Low (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | -0.75 |
| BI 10773 High (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | -0.75 |
| Placebo (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | 0.06 |
Systolic blood pressure - change from baseline after 52 weeks of treatment (NCT01289990)
Timeframe: Baseline and 52 weeks
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| BI 10773 Low (Drug Naive) | -4.9 |
| BI 10773 High (Drug Naive) | -4.5 |
| Placebo (Drug Naive) | -1.6 |
| Sitagliptin 100mg (Drug Naive) | -0.2 |
| BI 10773 Low (Pioglitazone) | -1.8 |
| BI 10773 High (Pioglitazone) | -3.3 |
| Placebo (Pioglitazone) | 0.6 |
| BI 10773 Low (Metformin) | -3.6 |
| BI 10773 High (Metformin) | -5.2 |
| Placebo (Metformin) | -0.7 |
| BI 10773 Low (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | -3.1 |
| BI 10773 High (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | -2.7 |
| Placebo (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | -0.2 |
Systolic blood pressure - change from baseline after 76 weeks of treatment (NCT01289990)
Timeframe: Baseline and 76 weeks
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| BI 10773 Low (Drug Naive) | -4.1 |
| BI 10773 High (Drug Naive) | -4.2 |
| Placebo (Drug Naive) | -0.7 |
| Sitagliptin 100mg (Drug Naive) | -0.3 |
| BI 10773 Low (Pioglitazone) | -1.7 |
| BI 10773 High (Pioglitazone) | -3.4 |
| Placebo (Pioglitazone) | 0.3 |
| BI 10773 Low (Metformin) | -5.2 |
| BI 10773 High (Metformin) | -4.5 |
| Placebo (Metformin) | -0.8 |
| BI 10773 Low (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | -3.8 |
| BI 10773 High (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | -3.7 |
| Placebo (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | -1.6 |
Waist circumference (cm) - change from baseline after 52 weeks of treatment (NCT01289990)
Timeframe: Baseline and 52 weeks
| Intervention | cm (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| BI 10773 Low (Drug Naive) | -2.0 |
| BI 10773 High (Drug Naive) | -1.7 |
| Placebo (Drug Naive) | 0.1 |
| Sitagliptin 100mg (Drug Naive) | 0.4 |
| BI 10773 Low (Pioglitazone) | -1.5 |
| BI 10773 High (Pioglitazone) | -1.1 |
| Placebo (Pioglitazone) | -0.1 |
| BI 10773 Low (Metformin) | -1.5 |
| BI 10773 High (Metformin) | -2.0 |
| Placebo (Metformin) | -0.4 |
| BI 10773 Low (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | -1.5 |
| BI 10773 High (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | -1.5 |
| Placebo (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | -0.2 |
Waist circumference (cm) - change from baseline after 76 weeks of treatment (NCT01289990)
Timeframe: Baseline and 76 weeks
| Intervention | cm (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| BI 10773 Low (Drug Naive) | -1.5 |
| BI 10773 High (Drug Naive) | -1.6 |
| Placebo (Drug Naive) | 0.1 |
| Sitagliptin 100mg (Drug Naive) | 0.5 |
| BI 10773 Low (Pioglitazone) | -1.4 |
| BI 10773 High (Pioglitazone) | -0.9 |
| Placebo (Pioglitazone) | 0.0 |
| BI 10773 Low (Metformin) | -1.8 |
| BI 10773 High (Metformin) | -1.3 |
| Placebo (Metformin) | -0.2 |
| BI 10773 Low (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | -1.6 |
| BI 10773 High (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | -1.4 |
| Placebo (Metformin+Sulfonylurea) | -0.3 |
Suppression of free fatty acids by low dose insulin (i.e., percentage of reduction of plasma FFA with low dose insulin infusion compared to the baseline state). This was calculated as: 100*((plasma FFA without insulin - plasma FFA with insulin infusion)/plasma FFA without insulin). All measurements are obtained at the same time point during an euglycemic insulin clamp. (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 months
| Intervention | % of suppression of FFA (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 46.1 |
| Pioglitazone | 65.9 |
Suppression of endogenous glucose production (Supp EGP) by low dose insulin (i.e., percentage of reduction of EGP with low dose insulin infusion compared to the baseline state). This was calculated as: 100*((EGP without insulin - EGP with insulin infusion)/EGP without insulin). All measurements are obtained at the same time point during an euglycemic insulin clamp. (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 months
| Intervention | % of suppression of EGP (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 37.7 |
| Pioglitazone | 55.3 |
Liver fat content was calculated as the fat fraction: 100*(area under the curve [AUC] of fat peak / [AUC of fat peak + AUC of water peak]). (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 months
| Intervention | percentage of fat in liver (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 11 |
| Pioglitazone | 7 |
"Number of patients with reduction of at least 2 points in the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS) (with reduction in at least 2 different histological categories) without worsening of fibrosis. NAS is the sum of the separate scores for steatosis (0-3), hepatocellular ballooning (0-2) and lobular inflammation (0-3), and ranges from 0-8 .~The scoring system is based on the following grading:~Steatosis: 0 = <5%; 1 = 5-33%; 2 = >33-66%; 3 = >66%. Lobular Inflammation: 0 = No foci 1 = <2 foci/200x; 2 = 2-4 foci/200x, 3 = >4 foci/200x. Hepatocyte Ballooning: 0 = None; 1 = Few balloon cells; 2 = Many cells/prominent ballooning. Fibrosis: 0 = None; 1 = Perisinusoidal or periportal; 2 = Perisinusoidal and portal/periportal; 3 = Bridging fibrosis, 4 = Cirrhosis." (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: At 18 months
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 9 |
| Pioglitazone | 29 |
Resolution of NASH was defined as absence of NASH after 18 months of therapy in patients with definite NASH (presence of zone 3 accentuation of macrovesicular steatosis of any grade, hepatocellular ballooning of any degree, and lobular inflammatory infiltrates of any amount) at baseline. (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: Month 18
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 10 |
| Pioglitazone | 26 |
Number of patients with osteoporotic fractures (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 and 36 months
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone | 0 |
| Placebo | 0 |
Rate of glucose disappearance (Rd) during high-dose insulin infusion. The rate of plasma glucose disappearance was calculated using Steele's non-steady-state equation. (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 months
| Intervention | mg/kgLBM/min (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 5.4 |
| Pioglitazone | 9.6 |
Total body fat measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: Months 18
| Intervention | Percentage of body weight that is fat (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 36 |
| Pioglitazone | 36 |
(NCT00994682)
Timeframe: Months 18 and 36
| Intervention | kg/m^2 (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| BMI Month 18 | BMI Month 36 | |
| Pioglitazone | 34.6 | 35.2 |
| Placebo | 34.6 | 36.7 |
Bone mineral density measured at the levels of spine, femoral neck, hip, and wrist by DXA. (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 and 36 months
| Intervention | g/cm^2 (Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spine BMD at month 18 | Femoral Neck BMD at month 18 | Hip BMD at month 18 | Wrist BMD at month 18 | Spine BMD at month 36 | Femoral Neck BMD at month 36 | Hip BMD at month 36 | Wrist BMD at month 36 | |
| Pioglitazone | 1.04 | 0.84 | 1.05 | 0.76 | 1.06 | 0.84 | 1.02 | 0.75 |
| Placebo | 1.10 | 0.86 | 1.05 | 0.78 | 1.10 | 0.84 | 1.06 | 0.77 |
Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) is a method for assessing insulin resistance (IR) from basal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting plasma insulin (FPI). It is calculated as (FPG x FPI)/405. (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 and 36 months
| Intervention | Arbitrary units (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| HOMA-IR month 18 | HOMA-IR month 36 | |
| Pioglitazone | 1.4 | 1.6 |
| Placebo | 4.3 | 2.3 |
"Number of patients with improvement of at least 1 grade in each of the histological parameters.~Steatosis: 0 = <5%; 1 = 5-33%; 2 = >33-66%; 3 = >66%. Lobular Inflammation: 0 = No foci 1 = <2 foci/200x; 2 = 2-4 foci/200x, 3 = >4 foci/200x. Hepatocyte Ballooning: 0 = None; 1 = Few balloon cells; 2 = Many cells/prominent ballooning. Fibrosis: 0 = None; 1 = Perisinusoidal or periportal, 1A = Mild, zone 3, perisinusoidal delicate fibrosis; 1B = Moderate, zone 3, perisinusoidal dense fibrosis; 1C = Portal/periportal; 2 = Perisinusoidal and portal/periportal; 3 = Bridging fibrosis, 4 = Cirrhosis" (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: Month 18
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steatosis | Inflammation | Ballooning | Fibrosis | |
| Pioglitazone | 35 | 25 | 25 | 20 |
| Placebo | 13 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
(NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 and 36 months
| Intervention | U/L (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALT at month 18 | AST at month 18 | ALT at month 36 | AST at month 36 | |
| Pioglitazone | 27 | 29 | 27 | 27 |
| Placebo | 44 | 38 | 32 | 30 |
Mean change in individual scores compared to baseline. Steatosis: 0 = <5%; 1 = 5-33%; 2 = >33-66%; 3 = >66%. Lobular Inflammation: 0 = No foci 1 = <2 foci/200x; 2 = 2-4 foci/200x, 3 = >4 foci/200x. Hepatocyte Ballooning: 0 = None; 1 = Few balloon cells; 2 = Many cells/prominent ballooning. Fibrosis: 0 = None; 1 = Perisinusoidal or periportal; 2 = Perisinusoidal and portal/periportal; 3 = Bridging fibrosis, 4 = Cirrhosis (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 18
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steatosis | Inflammation | Ballooning | Fibrosis | |
| Pioglitazone | -1.1 | -0.6 | -0.6 | -0.5 |
| Placebo | -0.2 | -0.1 | -0.2 | 0 |
Steatosis: 0 = <5%; 1 = 5-33%; 2 = >33-66%; 3 = >66%. Lobular Inflammation: 0 = No foci 1 = <2 foci/200x; 2 = 2-4 foci/200x, 3 = >4 foci/200x. Hepatocyte Ballooning: 0 = None; 1 = Few balloon cells; 2 = Many cells/prominent ballooning. Fibrosis: 0 = None; 1 = Perisinusoidal or periportal; 2 = Perisinusoidal and portal/periportal; 3 = Bridging fibrosis, 4 = Cirrhosis (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: Month 36
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Steatosis | Inflammation | Ballooning | Fibrosis | |
| Pioglitazone | 0.97 | 0.81 | 0.22 | 0.66 |
| Placebo | 1.56 | 1.30 | 0.33 | 0.89 |
(NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 and 36 months
| Intervention | μg/ml (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Adiponectin month 18 | Adiponectin month 36 | |
| Pioglitazone | 22.8 | 24.2 |
| Placebo | 9.1 | 24.0 |
(NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 and 36 months
| Intervention | U/L (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| CK-18 month 18 | CK-18 month 36 | |
| Pioglitazone | 186 | 151 |
| Placebo | 314 | 245 |
Number of patients developing T2DM and number of patients regressing to NGT among patients with prediabetes (IFG/IGT). (NCT00994682)
Timeframe: 18 months
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| Patients developing T2DM | Patients regressing to NGT | |
| Pioglitazone | 1 | 10 |
| Placebo | 2 | 1 |
Number of participants with confirmed (through an adjudication process) fractures during the study. Circumstances surrounding the fracture, available X-ray and other diagnostic results and healing status were collected for the adjudication process. (NCT00708175)
Timeframe: Up to 18 months.
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone | 1 |
| Placebo | 3 |
The change in bone mineral density in the total proximal femur at month 12 relative to baseline. DXA is a means of measuring BMD through x-ray. (NCT00708175)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12.
| Intervention | percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone | -0.69 |
| Placebo | -0.14 |
The change in bone mineral density in the total proximal femur at month 18 relative to month 12. DXA is a means of measuring BMD through x-ray. (NCT00708175)
Timeframe: Month 12 and Month 18.
| Intervention | percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone | -0.14 |
| Placebo | 0.04 |
The change between the fasting plasma glucose value collected at each time frame indicated. (NCT00708175)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 12; Month 12 and Month 18.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline to Month 12 (n=57; n=61) | Month 12 to Month 18 (n=54; n=57) | |
| Pioglitazone | -2.8 | 0.4 |
| Placebo | 6.0 | -1.0 |
Participants were considered to have converted to T2DM if there were ≥2 consecutive post-Baseline FPG measurements ≥126 mg/dL. Participants meeting criteria were tabulated and summarized by Study Period (Treatment and Follow-up). Conversion to T2DM during Treatment Period occurred if either both of the consecutive post-Baseline high FPG values, or the first of the 2 consecutive high values occurred on or before the first day off study drug. Conversion to T2DM occurred during the Follow-up Period if both consecutive high values occurred after at least 1 day after the Treatment Period. (NCT00708175)
Timeframe: Up to 18 months.
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Double-Blind Period (n=76; n=75) | Follow-up Period (n=63; n=59) | |
| Pioglitazone | 1 | 0 |
| Placebo | 7 | 1 |
Fasting Plasma Glucose (NCT00220961)
Timeframe: Baseline versus 2.4 years
| Intervention | mg/dl (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -4.0 |
| Pioglitazone | -10.7 |
Insulin sensitivity The Matsuda index was calculated as 10,000/square root of (pre-meal glucose x pre-meal insulin x mean 120 min post-meal glucose x mean 120 min post-meal insulin), with higher numbers indicating better the insulin sensitivity. (NCT00220961)
Timeframe: Baseline versus 2.4 years
| Intervention | matsuda index (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.7 |
| Pioglitazone | 3.6 |
Insulin secretion (NCT00220961)
Timeframe: Baseline versus 2.4 years
| Intervention | nmol (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 35 |
| Pioglitazone | 25 |
carotid intima thickness (NCT00220961)
Timeframe: Baseline versus 2.4 years
| Intervention | percentage of intima (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.7 |
| Pioglitazone | 3.2 |
Percentage of Participants with Type 2 Diabetes at 2.4 years Post-randomization (NCT00220961)
Timeframe: 2.4 years
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 16.1 |
| Pioglitazone | 5.0 |
Intramyocellular lipid was measured using immunohistochemistry (using oil Red O staining) in muscle biopsy specimens. Oil red O-stained muscle sections were magnified with an Olympus Provis (Tokyo, Japan) light microscope, and images were digitally captured by using a connected charge-coupled device camera (Sony, Tokyo, Japan). Fiber-typed and oil red O-stained fibers were matched. The oil red O staining intensity of either type 1 or 2 muscle fibers was quantified using National Institutes of Health Image program (http://rsb.info.nih.gov/nih-image/). By adjusting a density threshold, the software was set to recognize the presence of one fat droplet only if its highlighted surface was exceeding 0.40 μm2 or larger. Muscle lipid content was calculated by total area of lipid droplets in a given muscle fiber divided by the total area of the same fiber. The mean number of fibers analyzed per sample was 40 for type 1 and 2 muscle fibers (NCT00470262)
Timeframe: 3 months
| Intervention | % of lipid area stained (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| pre | post | |
| Fenofibrate 145mg PO QD | 3.67 | 3.46 |
| Fenofibrate 145mg PO QD + Pioglitazone 45mg PO BID | 5.32 | 2.82 |
Insulin sensitivity was measure through frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. Subjects presented to research center fasting. Blood samples were collected at -21, -11, and -1 minutes. At time t=0 initiates the start of the IVGTT and the injection of glucose into the non-sampling arm. The glucose dose was calculated as 11.4g/m2 of body surface area, given as a 50% dextrose solution. This glucose injection was administered over 60 seconds or less. At time t=20 minutes, an insulin dose of 0.04u/kg was administered over 30 seconds. Blood samples were collected at times t=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 19, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 30, 40, 50, 70, 90, 100, 120, 140, 160, and 180. If blood sugar did not return to a steady state the test was continued to t= 210 or t= 240. (NCT00470262)
Timeframe: 3 months
| Intervention | mg*kg^-1*min^-1 (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| pre | post | |
| Fenofibrate 145 mg PO QD + Pioglitazone | 1.73 | 2.93 |
| Fenofibrate 145mg PO QD | 1.48 | 1.89 |
Peripheral neuropathy is assessed with questions and clinical evaluation. A nurse asks the patient about stinging, numbness, tingling, or burning of the foot. Ten-gram monofilament and tuning fork (128 MHz) tests are administered. Monofilament is applied in 10 locations on the sole and one on the dorsal part of the foot for checking the loss of protective sensation. A positive monofilament test is considered to be the lack of sensation of tightness in at least 6 of 11 tested sites. The tuning fork is applied for vibration detection to both ankles, the first metatarsophalangeal joint, and the anterior aspect of the shin bone sites. A positive vibration test is considered to be no detection of vibration in three of four test sites.Two positive test results and typical symptoms of neuropathy are the basis for confirmation of peripheral symmetric sensory neuropathy (PSSN). The condition required for the occurrence of these disorders was symmetry. (NCT03426566)
Timeframe: 1 visit
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSSN72145236 | MN calluses72145236 | MN feet deformity72145236 | ||||
| negative | positive | |||||
| Patients With Diabetes | 907 | |||||
| Patients With Diabetes | 67 | |||||
| Patients With Diabetes | 645 | |||||
| Patients With Diabetes | 329 | |||||
| Patients With Diabetes | 798 | |||||
| Patients With Diabetes | 176 | |||||
ADMA- asymmetric dimethylarginine-serum concentration (NCT03398356)
Timeframe: before study start; 6 weeks from treatment start; 12 weeks from treatment start; 15 weeks from treatment start
| Intervention | µM (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 6 weeks from the start of treatment | 12 weeks from the start of treatment | 15 weeks from the start of treatment | |
| Group A | 0.51 | 0.52 | 0.50 |
| Group B | 0.57 | 0.55 | 0.52 |
arginine serum concentration (NCT03398356)
Timeframe: Baseline; 6 weeks from treatment start; 12 weeks from treatment start; 15 weeks from treatment start
| Intervention | µM (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 6 weeks from the start of treatment | 12 weeks from the start of treatment | 15 weeks from the start of treatment | |
| Group A | 112.18 | 107.72 | 104.72 |
| Group B | 111.72 | 97.69 | 103.76 |
serum concentration of the citrulline (NCT03398356)
Timeframe: Baseline; 6 weeks from treatment start; 12 weeks from treatment start; 15 weeks from treatment start
| Intervention | µM (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 6 weeks from the start of treatment | 12 weeks from the start of treatment | 15 weeks from the start of treatment | |
| Group A | 21.73 | 25.95 | 26.93 |
| Group B | 28.08 | 27.01 | 29.77 |
DMA- dimethylamine, serum concentration (NCT03398356)
Timeframe: Baseline; 6 weeks from treatment start; 12 weeks from treatment start; 15 weeks from treatment start
| Intervention | µM (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 6 weeks from the start of treatment | 12 weeks from the start of treatment | 15 weeks from the start of treatment | |
| Group A | 1.71 | 1.63 | 1.62 |
| Group B | 2.07 | 1.89 | 1.84 |
the serum concentration of the studied drug-metformin (NCT03398356)
Timeframe: 6 weeks from treatment start; 12 weeks from treatment start; 15 weeks from treatment start
| Intervention | µM (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 6 weeks from the start of treatment | 12 weeks from the start of treatment | 15 weeks from the start of treatment | |
| Group A | 4.36 | 5.09 | 4.66 |
| Group B | 4.25 | 7.42 | 4.01 |
SDMA-symmetric dimethylarginine-serum concentration (NCT03398356)
Timeframe: Baseline; 6 weeks from treatment start; 12 weeks from treatment start; 15 weeks from treatment start
| Intervention | µM (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 6 weeks from the start of treatment | 12 weeks from the start of treatment | 15 weeks from the start of treatment | |
| Group A | 0.40 | 0.41 | 0.39 |
| Group B | 0.45 | 0.42 | 0.39 |
BMI (measure of overall adiposity) in combination therapy compared to monotherapy after 24 weeks of treatment (NCT02338193)
Timeframe: 24 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | kg/m2 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| DAPA/MET XR | 33 |
| Dapaglifloxin | 33.7 |
| Metformin XR | 31 |
Change in absolute body weight with combination therapy compared to monotherapy from baseline to week 24 (NCT02338193)
Timeframe: Change from baseline (time 0) to study end (24 weeks)
| Intervention | kilograms (Mean) |
|---|---|
| DAPA/MET XR | -21.5 |
| Dapaglifloxin | -12.5 |
| Metformin XR | -4.4 |
Change in percent body weight with combination therapy compared to monotherapy from baseline to week 24 (NCT02338193)
Timeframe: Change from baseline (time 0) to study end (24 weeks)
| Intervention | percent weight loss from baseline (Mean) |
|---|---|
| DAPA/MET XR | -4.9 |
| Dapaglifloxin | -3.2 |
| Metformin XR | -1.1 |
Diastolic blood pressure with combination therapy compared to monotherapy after 24 weeks of treatment (NCT02338193)
Timeframe: 24 weeks of treatment)
| Intervention | mmHG (Mean) |
|---|---|
| DAPA/MET XR | 79 |
| Dapaglifloxin | 77.8 |
| Metformin XR | 79 |
Fasting blood glucose levels with combination therapy compared to monotherapy after 24 weeks of treatment (NCT02338193)
Timeframe: 24 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| DAPA/MET XR | 89 |
| Dapaglifloxin | 91 |
| Metformin XR | 87 |
HOMA index of insulin resistance calculated from fasting insulin and glucose with combination therapy compared to monotherapy after 24 weeks of treatment (NCT02338193)
Timeframe: 24 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | Index (Mean) |
|---|---|
| DAPA/MET XR | 2.6 |
| Dapaglifloxin | 2.4 |
| Metformin XR | 1.8 |
Corrected early insulin response to glucose challenge [(insulinogenic index (IGI)/ divided by fasting insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR)] with combination therapy compared to monotherapy after 24 weeks of treatment (NCT02338193)
Timeframe: 24 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | Index (Mean) |
|---|---|
| DAPA/MET XR | 1.7 |
| Dapaglifloxin | 1.1 |
| Metformin XR | 0.77 |
ALT/AST ratio with combination therapy compared to monotherapy after 24 weeks of treatment (NCT02338193)
Timeframe: 24 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | Ratio (Mean) |
|---|---|
| DAPA/MET XR | 1.13 |
| Dapaglifloxin | 1.12 |
| Metformin XR | 1.18 |
Surrogate measure of insulin sensitivity derived from OGTT with combination therapy compared to monotherapy after 24 weeks of treatment (NCT02338193)
Timeframe: 24 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | Index (Mean) |
|---|---|
| DAPA/MET XR | 6.0 |
| Dapaglifloxin | 6.3 |
| Metformin XR | 5.42 |
Mean blood glucose after glucose load with combination therapy compared to monotherapy after 24 weeks of treatment (NCT02338193)
Timeframe: 24 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| DAPA/MET XR | 109.5 |
| Dapaglifloxin | 110.1 |
| Metformin XR | 112.5 |
Systolic blood pressure with combination therapy compared to monotherapy after 24 weeks of therapy (NCT02338193)
Timeframe: 24 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| DAPA/MET XR | 125 |
| Dapaglifloxin | 124 |
| Metformin XR | 119.6 |
Cholesterol levels with combination therapy compared to monotherapy after 24 weeks of treatment (NCT02338193)
Timeframe: 24 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| DAPA/MET XR | 196 |
| Dapaglifloxin | 168 |
| Metformin XR | 178 |
Triglyceride levels with combination therapy compared to monotherapy after 24 weeks of treatment (NCT02338193)
Timeframe: 24 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| DAPA/MET XR | 119 |
| Dapaglifloxin | 89.8 |
| Metformin XR | 212 |
Waist size (measure of truncal adiposity)with combination therapy compared to monotherapy after 24 weeks of treatment (NCT02338193)
Timeframe: 24 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | centimeters (Mean) |
|---|---|
| DAPA/MET XR | 95.6 |
| Dapaglifloxin | 95 |
| Metformin XR | 91.7 |
Waist-to-hip ratio with combination therapy compared to monotherapy after 24 weeks of treatment (NCT02338193)
Timeframe: 24 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | Ratio (Mean) |
|---|---|
| DAPA/MET XR | 0.81 |
| Dapaglifloxin | 0.80 |
| Metformin XR | 0.83 |
Waist divided by height a( measure of central adiposity) with combination therapy compared to monotherapy after 24 weeks of therapy (NCT02338193)
Timeframe: 24 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | ratio (Mean) |
|---|---|
| DAPA/MET XR | 0.58 |
| Dapaglifloxin | 0.57 |
| Metformin XR | 0.56 |
Change from baseline in 2-hr PMG at Week 24 is defined as Week 24 2-hr PMG minus Week 0 2-hr PMG. Statistical analysis based on a cLDA model with terms for treatment, time, prior use of AHAs, the interactions of treatment by time, time by prior use of AHAs, and treatment by time by prior use of AHAs with the constraint that the mean baseline 2-hr PMG is the same for both treatment groups. (NCT02577016)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin + Ipragliflozin | -39.0 |
| Placebo + Ipragliflozin | 3.4 |
Change from baseline in FPG at Week 24 is defined as Week 24 FPG minus Week 0 FPG. Statistical analysis based on a cLDA model with terms for treatment, time, prior use of AHAs, the interactions of treatment by time, time by prior use of AHAs, and treatment by time by prior use of AHAs with the constraint that the mean baseline FPG is the same for both treatment groups. (NCT02577016)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin + Ipragliflozin | -11.8 |
| Placebo + Ipragliflozin | -0.6 |
Change from Baseline in Glucose Total AUC0-2hr after Meal at Week 24 is defined as Week 24 Glucose Total AUC0-2hr after a meal minus Week 0 Glucose Total AUC0-2hr after a meal. Statistical analysis based on a cLDA model with terms for treatment, time, prior use of AHAs, the interactions of treatment by time, time by prior use of AHAs, and treatment by time by prior use of AHAs with the constraint that the mean baseline glucose total AUC0-2hr after meal is the same for both treatment groups. (NCT02577016)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24 (just before loading meal [0 min], 30 min, 60 min and 120 min)
| Intervention | mg･hr/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin + Ipragliflozin | -65.7 |
| Placebo + Ipragliflozin | 1.3 |
HbA1c is measured as percent. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 24 HbA1c percent minus the Week 0 HbA1c percent. Statistical analysis based on a constrained longitudinal data analysis (cLDA) model with terms for treatment, time, prior use of AHAs, the interactions of treatment by time, time by prior use of AHAs, and treatment by time by prior use of AHAs with the constraint that the mean baseline is the same for both treatment groups. (NCT02577016)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin + Ipragliflozin | -0.69 |
| Placebo + Ipragliflozin | 0.14 |
An adverse event is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant or clinical investigation participant administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. (NCT02577016)
Timeframe: Up to 24 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin + Ipragliflozin | 2.9 |
| Placebo + Ipragliflozin | 0.0 |
An adverse event is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant or clinical investigation participant administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. (NCT02577016)
Timeframe: Up to 26 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin + Ipragliflozin | 54.3 |
| Placebo + Ipragliflozin | 63.4 |
Vessel health assessed by using arterial tonometry with the SphygmoCor CP system from ATCOR. Higher values generally correlate with increased cardiovascular risk. (NCT02964585)
Timeframe: 16 weeks post Canagliflozin treatment reported (also measured at 8 weeks)
| Intervention | percent aug pressure of pulse pressure (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Active Arm | 28.67 |
| Placebo Arm | 21.37 |
Determined as weight in kg divided by height in meters squared (NCT02964585)
Timeframe: 16 weeks post Canagliflozin treatment
| Intervention | kg/m^2 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Active Arm | 30.53 |
| Placebo Arm | 34.64 |
Measured using a Tanita body composition scale (NCT02964585)
Timeframe: 16 weeks post Canagliflozin treatment
| Intervention | percentage of body mass (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Active Arm | 32.46 |
| Placebo Arm | 38.58 |
Creatinine Clearance and Kidney Function measured from compiled results from a urine sample and blood tests (NCT02964585)
Timeframe: 16 weeks post Canagliflozin treatment reported
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Active Arm | 77.08 |
| Placebo Arm | 106.23 |
Creatinine Clearance and Kidney Function measured from compiled results from a urine sample and blood tests (NCT02964585)
Timeframe: 16 weeks post Canagliflozin treatment reported
| Intervention | mL/min (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Active Arm | 79.90 |
| Placebo Arm | 88.33 |
To determine whether 4 months of Canagliflozin modifies CD34+ cell number, gene expression and migration function. The investigators will obtain a total of approximately 95 mL of peripheral blood per visit. Of these 95 mL, 60-70 mL will be used to obtain CD34+ cells from mononuclear cell (MNC) population and 25-35 mL for biochemistry and plasma ELISA assays. MNC will be obtained from whole blood similar to protocols described before [13,14]. MNCs will be put through CD34 magnetic bead column to obtain CD34+ cells (Miltenyi Biotec). Purity of CD34+ cells, post sort, usually is above 90%, to be verified by FACS analysis. (NCT02964585)
Timeframe: 16 weeks post Canagliflozin treatment reported
| Intervention | Colony forming units (CFU) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Active Arm | 7.53 |
| Placebo Arm | 13.69 |
Measured from blood glucose values (fasting) during visit (NCT02964585)
Timeframe: 16 weeks post Canagliflozin treatment reported
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Active Arm | 142.79 |
| Placebo Arm | 158.0 |
As determined by HbA1C values (NCT02964585)
Timeframe: 16 weeks post Canagliflozin treatment reported
| Intervention | percentage of hemoglobin (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Active Arm | 7.85 |
| Placebo Arm | 8.26 |
Creatinine Clearance and Kidney Function measured from compiled results from a urine sample and blood tests (NCT02964585)
Timeframe: 16 weeks post Canagliflozin treatment reported
| Intervention | mg/g creatinine (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Active Arm | 33.97 |
| Placebo Arm | 43.41 |
Vessel health assessed by using arterial tonometry with the SphygmoCor CP system from ATCOR . (NCT02964585)
Timeframe: 16 weeks post Canagliflozin treatment reported (also measured at 8 weeks)
| Intervention | m/s (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Active Arm | 10.12 |
| Placebo Arm | 11.42 |
Using ReeVue (trademark) machine, with or without SGLT2 inhibitor therapy to ascertain if Cana has any effect on RMR. Other related trials have shown weight loss but effect on metabolic rate has not been studied . (NCT02964585)
Timeframe: 16 weeks post Canagliflozin treatment
| Intervention | kcal/day (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Active Arm | 1999.31 |
| Placebo Arm | 1863.01 |
Highly selective C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (NCT02964585)
Timeframe: measured at 8 and 16 (reported) weeks post treatment
| Intervention | mg/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Active Arm | 0.63 |
| Placebo Arm | 0.92 |
Measured from a serum blood Lipid Panel: cholesterol and serum ketone bodies (NCT02964585)
Timeframe: 16 weeks post Canagliflozin treatment reported (also measured at 8 weeks)
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cholesterol | HDL | LDL | 3-hydroxybutyric acid (ketone body) | Acetoacetic acid (ketone body) | |
| Active Arm | 171.57 | 46.17 | 96.03 | 0.02 | 0.69 |
| Placebo Arm | 147.76 | 51.67 | 82.672 | 0.03 | 0.30 |
To determine whether 4 months of Canagliflozin modifies CD34+ cell number, gene expression and migration function. The investigators will obtain a total of approximately 95 mL of peripheral blood per visit. Of these 95 mL, 60-70 mL will be used to obtain CD34+ cells from mononuclear cell (MNC) population and 25-35 mL for biochemistry and plasma ELISA assays. MNC will be obtained from whole blood similar to protocols described before [13,14]. MNCs will be put through CD34 magnetic bead column to obtain CD34+ cells (Miltenyi Biotec). Purity of CD34+ cells, post sort, usually is above 90%, to be verified by FACS analysis. (NCT02964585)
Timeframe: 16 weeks post Canagliflozin treatment reported
| Intervention | cells*10^6/mL (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Mean MNC count | Mean CD34+ve cell count (x100) | |
| Active Arm | 155.09 | 2682.93 |
| Placebo Arm | 155.09 | 3157.36 |
To determine whether 4 months of Canagliflozin modifies CD34+ cell number, gene expression and migration function. The investigators will obtain a total of approximately 95 mL of peripheral blood per visit. Of these 95 mL, 60-70 mL will be used to obtain CD34+ cells from mononuclear cell (MNC) population and 25-35 mL for biochemistry and plasma ELISA assays. MNC will be obtained from whole blood similar to protocols described before [13,14]. MNCs will be put through CD34 magnetic bead column to obtain CD34+ cells (Miltenyi Biotec). Purity of CD34+ cells, post sort, usually is above 90%, to be verified by FACS analysis. (NCT02964585)
Timeframe: 16 weeks post Canagliflozin treatment reported
| Intervention | percentage of MNCs (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Percent of CD34+ | Percent of CD31+ | Percent CD34+ and CD184+ | |
| Active Arm | 0.93 | 2.58 | 0.37 |
| Placebo Arm | 1.23 | 2.16 | 0.61 |
To determine whether 4 months of Canagliflozin modifies CD34+ cell number, gene expression and migration function. The investigators will obtain a total of approximately 95 mL of peripheral blood per visit. Of these 95 mL, 60-70 mL will be used to obtain CD34+ cells from mononuclear cell (MNC) population and 25-35 mL for biochemistry and plasma ELISA assays. MNC will be obtained from whole blood similar to protocols described before [13,14]. MNCs will be put through CD34 magnetic bead column to obtain CD34+ cells (Miltenyi Biotec). Purity of CD34+ cells, post sort, usually is above 90%, to be verified by FACS analysis. (NCT02964585)
Timeframe: 16 weeks post Canagliflozin treatment reported
| Intervention | ng/mL in serum (Mean) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CXCL12 Expression | CXCR4 Expression | EDN1 | VEGEF-A | PECAM | KDR | NOS3 | Catalase | GPX35 | SDF 10 NG | SOD2 | |
| Active Arm | 0.63 | 1.58 | 2.10 | 1.12 | 1.28 | 1.16 | 0.34 | 0.20 | 2.25 | 0.26 | 1.36 |
| Placebo Arm | 0.33 | 0.90 | 1.03 | 0.83 | 0.89 | 0.5 | -0.25 | -0.61 | 1.71 | 0.23 | 0.92 |
Creatinine Clearance and Kidney Function measured from compiled results from a urine sample and blood tests (NCT02964585)
Timeframe: 16 weeks post Canagliflozin treatment reported
| Intervention | ug/dL (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| PODXL | Nephrin | Wilm's Tumor | |
| Active Arm | 6.62 | 5.24 | 5.75 |
| Placebo Arm | 6.68 | 5.87 | 6.36 |
IL-6, and TNF-alpha (NCT02964585)
Timeframe: measured at 8 and 16 (reported) weeks post treatment
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| IL-6 | TNF-alpha | |
| Active Arm | 4.56 | 1.36 |
| Placebo Arm | 3.21 | 1.63 |
ALT measured in serum at each time point (NCT01775813)
Timeframe: Baseline (Tanner 2-3), Tanner 4, Tanner 5
| Intervention | international units per liter (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Tanner 4 | Tanner 5 | Post-Puberty | |
| Normal Weight | 25.022 | 27.059 | 26.121 | NA |
| Obese - Metformin | 52.400 | 42.545 | 39.636 | 45.000 |
| Obese - NT/Placebo | 35.194 | 44.571 | 38.650 | NA |
| Obese - Placebo | 41.125 | 51.182 | 47.500 | 50.231 |
AST measured in serum at each time point (NCT01775813)
Timeframe: Baseline, Tanner (puberty) stage 4-average 1.5 years from baseline, Tanner (puberty) stage 5-average 2.5 yrs from baseline
| Intervention | international units per liter (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Tanner 4 | Tanner 5 | Post-Puberty | |
| Normal Weight | 42.174 | 35.706 | 33.364 | NA |
| Obese - Metformin | 54.150 | 40.273 | 34.091 | 36.273 |
| Obese - NT/Placebo | 41.250 | 44.429 | 36.650 | NA |
| Obese - Placebo | 43.542 | 43.636 | 42.333 | 39.077 |
estradiol metabolite (E1c) measured in an overnight urine sample at each time point (NCT01775813)
Timeframe: Baseline, every 6 months during the trial, Final visit-average 3 yrs after baseline
| Intervention | ng/mgCr (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tanner 2/3 | Tanner 4 | Tanner 5 | Post-Puberty | |
| Normal Weight | 7.711 | 22.919 | 41.036 | NA |
| Obese - Metformin | 28.451 | 37.722 | 71.546 | 30.883 |
| Obese - NT/Placebo | 17.353 | 8.584 | 7.825 | 26.402 |
| Obese - Placebo | 17.353 | 8.584 | 7.825 | 26.402 |
FSH measured in overnight urine sample at time points below (NCT01775813)
Timeframe: Baseline, every 6 months during the trial, Final visit-average 3 yrs after baseline
| Intervention | international units per milliliter (IU/m (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tanner 2/3 | Tanner 4 | Tanner 5 | Post-Puberty | |
| Normal Weight | 3.911 | 2.555 | 6.540 | NA |
| Obese - Metformin | 3.615 | 3.162 | 3.213 | 3.911 |
| Obese - NT/Placebo | 3.837 | 4.874 | 4.093 | 5.993 |
| Obese - Placebo | 3.837 | 4.874 | 4.093 | 5.993 |
LH measured in an overnight urine sample at time points below (NCT01775813)
Timeframe: Baseline, every 6 months during the trial, Final visit (average 3 yrs after baseline)
| Intervention | international units per liter (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tanner 2/3 | Tanner 4 | Tanner 5 | Post-Puberty | |
| Normal Weight | 3.849 | 4.518 | 4.494 | NA |
| Obese - Metformin | 3.809 | 3.729 | 8.993 | 30.861 |
| Obese - NT/Placebo | 2.257 | 3.310 | 2.014 | 5.373 |
| Obese - Placebo | 2.257 | 3.310 | 2.014 | 5.373 |
DHEA-S measured in serum at each time point (NCT01775813)
Timeframe: Baseline, Tanner (puberty) stage 4-average 1.5 years from baseline, Tanner (puberty) stage 5-average 2.5 yrs from baseline
| Intervention | mcg/dl (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Tanner 4 | Tanner 5 | Post-Puberty | |
| Normal Weight | 90.146 | 101.889 | 130.206 | NA |
| Obese - Metformin | 107.600 | 129.545 | 145.818 | 176.818 |
| Obese - NT/Placebo | 96.750 | 101.533 | 137.250 | NA |
| Obese - Placebo | 91.167 | 116.182 | 137.083 | 132.154 |
Please see primary outcome for more detail about timing of measurement. Disposition index is measured via (IVGTT) as calculated by Bergman's minimal model. Higher numbers indicate a better outcome. It reflects the product of outcome measures 1 and 2 (Si x AIRg). (NCT01775813)
Timeframe: Baseline, Tanner (puberty) stage 4-average 1.5 years from baseline, Tanner (puberty) stage 5-average 2.5 yrs from baseline, 6 mos post-treatment-average 3 yrs from baseline
| Intervention | x10-4/min-1 (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Tanner 4 | Tanner 5 | Post-Puberty | |
| Normal Weight | 3750.463 | 3706.940 | 3234.061 | NA |
| Obese - Metformin | 4438.821 | 5046.218 | 3537.273 | 2539.933 |
| Obese - NT/Placebo | 4195.921 | 3269.039 | 2897.244 | NA |
| Obese - Placebo | 4286.209 | 2897.689 | 3194.773 | 3627.762 |
Estradiol measured in serum at each time point (NCT01775813)
Timeframe: Baseline, Tanner (puberty) stage 4-average 1.5 years from baseline, Tanner (puberty) stage 5-average 2.5 yrs from baseline
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Tanner 4 | Tanner 5 | Post-Puberty | |
| Normal Weight | 22.375 | 50.583 | 57.382 | NA |
| Obese - Metformin | 14.750 | 23.364 | 48.000 | 69.636 |
| Obese - NT/Placebo | 15.722 | 35.867 | 42.800 | NA |
| Obese - Placebo | 15.833 | 44.545 | 48.833 | 70.923 |
HbA1c measured by HPLC at time points below (NCT01775813)
Timeframe: Baseline, Tanner (puberty) stage 4-average 1.5 years from baseline, Tanner (puberty) stage 5-average 2.5 yrs from baseline
| Intervention | mmol/mol (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Tanner 4 | Tanner 5 | Post-Puberty | |
| Normal Weight | 5.139 | 5.200 | 5.233 | NA |
| Obese - Metformin | 5.400 | 5.570 | 5.473 | 5.691 |
| Obese - NT/Placebo | 5.336 | 5.627 | 5.476 | NA |
| Obese - Placebo | 5.336 | 5.627 | 5.500 | 5.515 |
Please see primary outcome for more detail about timing of measurement. (NCT01775813)
Timeframe: Baseline, Tanner (puberty) stage 4-average 1.5 years from baseline, Tanner (puberty) stage 5-average 2.5 yrs from baseline, 6 mos post-treatment-average 3 yrs from baseline
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Tanner 4 | Tanner 5 | Post-Puberty | |
| Normal Weight | 51.442 | 51.667 | 46.909 | NA |
| Obese - Metformin | 41.368 | 42.273 | 43.000 | 41.818 |
| Obese - NT/Placebo | 39.306 | 39.455 | 38.944 | NA |
| Obese - Placebo | 38.917 | 39.455 | 39.333 | 40.923 |
hsCRP measured in serum at each time point (NCT01775813)
Timeframe: Baseline, Tanner (puberty) stage 4-average 1.5 years from baseline, Tanner (puberty) stage 5-average 2.5 yrs from baseline
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Tanner 4 | Tanner 5 | Post-Puberty | |
| Normal Weight | 1.001 | 0.305 | 1.015 | NA |
| Obese - Metformin | 3.962 | 1.841 | 0.961 | 2.667 |
| Obese - NT/Placebo | 2.523 | 4.530 | 3.331 | NA |
| Obese - Placebo | 3.117 | 4.357 | 3.985 | 3.958 |
As measured by IVGTT as calculated by Bergman's minimal model. Higher numbers indicate a better outcome. Please see primary outcome for more detail about timing of measurement. (NCT01775813)
Timeframe: Baseline, Tanner (puberty) stage 4-average 1.5 years from baseline, Tanner (puberty) stage 5-average 2.5 yrs from baseline, 6 mos post-treatment-average 3 yrs from baseline
| Intervention | µIU/mL (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Tanner 4 | Tanner 5 | Post-Puberty | |
| Normal Weight | 583.535 | 783.191 | 680.858 | NA |
| Obese - Metformin | 2368.931 | 2157.349 | 1804.026 | 1667.713 |
| Obese - NT/Placebo | 1877.895 | 1951.323 | 2103.309 | NA |
| Obese - Placebo | 1858.16 | 1996.867 | 2013.628 | 1943.542 |
As measured by in intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) as calculated by Bergman's minimal model. Higher numbers indicate a better outcome. Patients are randomized to receive metformin or placebo at Tanner stage 2-3 of puberty. They are reassessed at Tanner 4 and again at Tanner 5. At that point, the treatment is stopped and they are reassessed 6 months after stopping treatment to see if effects of treatment persist. (NCT01775813)
Timeframe: Baseline, Tanner (puberty) stage 4-average 1.5 years from baseline, Tanner (puberty) stage 5-average 2.5 yrs from baseline, 6 mos post-treatment-average 3 yrs from baseline
| Intervention | x10-4/min-1/mIU/mL (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Tanner 4 | Tanner 5 | Post-Puberty | |
| Normal Weight | 8.559 | 6.661 | 6.438 | NA |
| Obese - Metformin | 2.985 | 2.873 | 2.990 | 2.182 |
| Obese - NT | 3.425 | 1.995 | 2.082 | NA |
| Obese - Placebo | 3.756 | 1.868 | 2.383 | 3.017 |
IGF-1 measured in serum at each time point (NCT01775813)
Timeframe: Baseline, Tanner (puberty) stage 4-average 1.5 years from baseline, Tanner (puberty) stage 5-average 2.5 yrs from baseline
| Intervention | ng/ml (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Tanner 4 | Tanner 5 | Post-Puberty | |
| Normal Weight | 313.500 | 405.389 | 398.000 | NA |
| Obese - Metformin | 281.700 | 410.300 | 404.800 | 395.818 |
| Obese - NT/Placebo | 262.278 | 370.800 | 389.800 | NA |
| Obese - Placebo | 243.042 | 380.273 | 351.833 | 319.692 |
Leptin measured in serum at time points below (NCT01775813)
Timeframe: Baseline, Tanner (puberty) stage 4-average 1.5 years from baseline, Tanner (puberty) stage 5-average 2.5 yrs from baseline
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Tanner 4 | Tanner 5 | Post-Puberty | |
| Normal Weight | 5.956 | 5.964 | 8.338 | NA |
| Obese - Metformin | 32.215 | 29.791 | 31.182 | 48.445 |
| Obese - NT/Placebo | 32.097 | 36.867 | 38.155 | NA |
| Obese - Placebo | 33.917 | 44.036 | 47.642 | 53.200 |
Liver fat percent. Measured in a subset (10 per group) by fast MRI technique (NCT01775813)
Timeframe: Baseline, Tanner (puberty) stage 5-average 2.5 yrs from baseline
| Intervention | percentage of liver mass (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Tanner 5 | |
| Normal Weight | 1.376 | 2.208 |
| Obese - Metformin | 13.765 | 10.327 |
| Obese - Placebo | 8.290 | 8.291 |
| Obese NT/Placebo | 8.290 | 8.219 |
Please see primary outcome for more detail about timing of measurement. (NCT01775813)
Timeframe: Baseline, Tanner (puberty) stage 4-average 1.5 years from baseline, Tanner (puberty) stage 5-average 2.5 yrs from baseline, 6 mos post-treatment-average 3 yrs from baseline
| Intervention | mg/dl (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Tanner 4 | Tanner 5 | Post-Puberty | |
| Normal Weight | 79.488 | 75.367 | 78.485 | NA |
| Obese - Metformin | 83.779 | 81.818 | 75.000 | 86.545 |
| Obese - NT/Placebo | 86.533 | 96.636 | 96.222 | NA |
| Obese - Placebo | 88.583 | 96.636 | 97.667 | 103.154 |
% body fat measured by DXA at time points below (NCT01775813)
Timeframe: Baseline, Tanner (puberty) stage 4-average 1.5 years from baseline, Tanner (puberty) stage 5-average 2.5 yrs from baseline
| Intervention | percentage of body fat (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Tanner 4 | Tanner 5 | Post-Puberty | |
| Normal Weight | 24.883 | 25.054 | 25.500 | NA |
| Obese - Metformin | 43.826 | 40.610 | 39.964 | 41.418 |
| Obese - NT/Placebo | 42.126 | 43.380 | 42.889 | NA |
| Obese - Placebo | 44.700 | 44.264 | 44.555 | 43.962 |
SHBG measured in serum at each time point (NCT01775813)
Timeframe: Baseline, Tanner (puberty) stage 4-average 1.5 years from baseline, Tanner (puberty) stage 5-average 2.5 yrs from baseline
| Intervention | nmol/l (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Tanner 4 | Tanner 5 | Post-Puberty | |
| Normal Weight | 61.958 | 50.417 | 43.500 | NA |
| Obese - Metformin | 17.550 | 19.545 | 16.455 | 17.273 |
| Obese - NT/Placebo | 20.417 | 17.200 | 16.250 | NA |
| Obese - Placebo | 18.958 | 16.364 | 15.750 | 15.538 |
Testosterone measured in serum at each time point (NCT01775813)
Timeframe: Baseline, Tanner (puberty) stage 4-average 1.5 years from baseline, Tanner (puberty) stage 5-average 2.5 yrs from baseline
| Intervention | ng/dl (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Tanner 4 | Tanner 5 | Post-Puberty | |
| Normal Weight | 108.625 | 145.972 | 235.559 | NA |
| Obese - Metformin | 41.050 | 121.727 | 117.909 | 150.727 |
| Obese - NT/Placebo | 35.278 | 87.933 | 158.300 | NA |
| Obese - Placebo | 30.125 | 89.364 | 165.750 | 152.692 |
Percent Visceral Fat, Measured in a subset (10 per group) by single slice MRI (NCT01775813)
Timeframe: Baseline, Tanner (puberty) stage 5-average 2.5 yrs from baseline
| Intervention | Percent (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Tanner 5 | |
| Normal Weight | 7.647 | 6.322 |
| Obese - Metformin | 12.076 | 10.079 |
| Obese - NT/Placebo | 12.007 | 12.236 |
| Obese - Placebo | 12.007 | 12.236 |
Change from baseline in 2-hr PMG at Week 24 is defined as Week 24 2-hr PMG minus Week 0 2-hr PMG. Statistical analysis based on a cLDA model with terms for treatment, time, prior use of AHAs, the interactions of treatment by time, time by prior use of AHAs, treatment by time by prior use of AHAs, and baseline eGFR value with the constraint that the mean baseline 2-hr PMG is the same for both treatment groups. (NCT02577003)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ipragliflozin + Sitagliptin | -52.4 |
| Placebo + Sitagliptin | -3.8 |
Change from baseline in body weight at Week 24 is defined as Week 24 body weight minus Week 0 body weight. Statistical analysis based on a cLDA model with terms for treatment, time, prior use of AHAs, the interactions of treatment by time, time by prior use of AHAs and treatment by time by prior use of AHAs, and baseline eGFR value with the constraint that the mean baseline body weight is the same for both treatment groups. (NCT02577003)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ipragliflozin + Sitagliptin | -2.4 |
| Placebo + Sitagliptin | -0.6 |
Change from baseline in FPG at Week 24 is defined as Week 24 FPG minus Week 0 FPG. Statistical analysis based on a cLDA model with terms for treatment, time, prior use of AHAs, the interactions of treatment by time, time by prior use of AHAs, treatment by time by prior use of AHAs, and baseline eGFR value with the constraint that the mean baseline FPG is the same for both treatment groups. (NCT02577003)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ipragliflozin + Sitagliptin | -30.3 |
| Placebo + Sitagliptin | -2.1 |
Change from baseline in glucose total AUC0-2hr after meal at Week 24 is defined as Week 24 glucose total AUC0-2hr after a meal minus Week 0 glucose total AUC0-2hr after a meal. Statistical analysis based on a cLDA model with terms for treatment, time, prior use of AHAs, the interactions of treatment by time, time by prior use of AHAs and treatment by time by prior use of AHAs, and baseline eGFR value with the constraint that the mean baseline glucose total AUC0-2hr after meal is the same for both treatment groups. (NCT02577003)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24 (just before the loading meal [0 min], 30 min, 60 min and 120 min)
| Intervention | mg･hr/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ipragliflozin + Sitagliptin | -86.9 |
| Placebo + Sitagliptin | -2.3 |
HbA1c is measured as percent. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 24 HbA1c percent minus the Week 0 HbA1c percent. Statistical analysis based on a constrained longitudinal data analysis (cLDA) model with terms for treatment, time, prior use of AHAs, the interactions of treatment by time, time by prior use of AHAs, treatment by time by prior use of AHAs, and baseline eGFR value with the constraint that the mean baseline HbA1c is the same for both treatment groups. (NCT02577003)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ipragliflozin + Sitagliptin | -0.84 |
| Placebo + Sitagliptin | -0.07 |
An adverse event is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant or clinical investigation participant administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. (NCT02577003)
Timeframe: Up to 24 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ipragliflozin + Sitagliptin | 2.7 |
| Placebo + Sitagliptin | 5.7 |
An adverse event is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant or clinical investigation participant administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. (NCT02577003)
Timeframe: Up to 26 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ipragliflozin + Sitagliptin | 50.7 |
| Placebo + Sitagliptin | 65.7 |
Participants had HbA1c levels determined at baseline and at Week 52. HbA1c is reported as a percentage. A negative number reflects a decrease in percentage. (NCT02564211)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | Percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ipragliflozin | -0.80 |
An AE was any unfavorable or unintended sign, symptom, or disease, and a causal relationship to the relevant investigational product is not considered. An AE could therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign, including results from laboratory assessments, physical examination, electrocardiograms, and vital sign assessments. The percentage of participants that had AE was recorded. (NCT02564211)
Timeframe: Up to 54 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ipragliflozin | 77.9 |
The percentage of participants who had study treatment stopped due to an AE regardless if they completed study. (NCT02564211)
Timeframe: Up to 52 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ipragliflozin | 5.2 |
Percent of dose recovered in urine as unchanged drug. Ae24% = 100* Ae24/Dose (NCT03538743)
Timeframe: 0 to 24 hours post-dose on Day 28
| Intervention | Percentage (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| PF-06882961 15mg BID (Cohort 1) | 0.05747 |
| PF-06882961 50mg BID (Cohort 2) | 0.03360 |
| PF-06882961 70mg BID (Cohort 3) | 0.02942 |
| PF-06882961 120mg BID (Cohort 4) | NA |
| PF-06882961 10mg BID (Cohort 5) | 0.07483 |
| PF-06882961 120mg BID ST (Cohort 6) | 0.02607 |
| PF-06882961 200mg QD CR (Cohort 7) | 0.03652 |
| PF-06882961 120mg QD (Cohort 8) | 0.04094 |
Ae was the cumulative amount of drug recovered unchanged in urine during the dosing interval, where the dosing interval was 24 hours. Cumulative amount was calculated as sum of urine drug concentration in sample volume for each collection interval. Sample volume = (urine weight in gram [g]/1.020), where 1.020 g/mL was the approximate specific gravity of urine. (NCT03538743)
Timeframe: 0 to 24 hours post-dose on Day 28
| Intervention | microgram (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| PF-06882961 15mg BID (Cohort 1) | 17.25 |
| PF-06882961 50mg BID (Cohort 2) | 33.60 |
| PF-06882961 70mg BID (Cohort 3) | 41.16 |
| PF-06882961 120mg BID (Cohort 4) | NA |
| PF-06882961 10mg BID (Cohort 5) | 14.97 |
| PF-06882961 120mg BID ST (Cohort 6) | 62.63 |
| PF-06882961 200mg QD CR (Cohort 7) | 72.98 |
| PF-06882961 120mg QD (Cohort 8) | 49.09 |
Following laboratory parameters were assessed against pre-defined abnormality criteria: hematology (hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocytes, reticulocytes, platelets, leukocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time [PT], PT/international normalized ratio, reticulocytes); chemistry (indirect bilirubin, direct bilirubin, protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, creatine kinase, urate, calcium, sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, urine urobilinogen); urinalysis (pH, urine glucose, urine ketones, urine protein, urine hemoglobin, nitrites, leukocyte esterase, urine erythrocytes, urine leukocytes, urine hyaline casts, urine bilirubin). (NCT03538743)
Timeframe: From baseline to up to 14 days after last dose for a total of approximately 42 days
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 24 |
| PF-06882961 10mg BID | 7 |
| PF-06882961 15mg BID | 8 |
| PF-06882961 50mg BID | 10 |
| PF-06882961 70mg BID | 8 |
| PF-06882961 120mg BID | 8 |
| PF-06882961 120mg BID ST | 9 |
| PF-06882961 120mg QD | 7 |
| PF-06882961 200mg QD CR | 10 |
CLr was calculated as Ae divided by AUCtau, where dosing interval is 24 hours. (NCT03538743)
Timeframe: 0 to 24 hours post-dose on Day 28
| Intervention | mL/min (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| PF-06882961 15mg BID (Cohort 1) | 0.3273 |
| PF-06882961 50mg BID (Cohort 2) | 0.3385 |
| PF-06882961 70mg BID (Cohort 3) | 0.3094 |
| PF-06882961 120mg BID (Cohort 4) | NA |
| PF-06882961 10mg BID (Cohort 5) | 0.5470 |
| PF-06882961 120mg BID ST (Cohort 6) | 0.2006 |
| PF-06882961 200mg QD CR (Cohort 7) | 0.2895 |
| PF-06882961 120mg QD (Cohort 8) | 0.3178 |
Plasma decay half-life is the time measured for the plasma concentration to decrease by one half. (NCT03538743)
Timeframe: 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 24 hrs post dose on Day 28
| Intervention | hours (Mean) |
|---|---|
| PF-06882961 15mg BID (Cohort 1) | 5.100 |
| PF-06882961 50mg BID (Cohort 2) | 5.067 |
| PF-06882961 70mg BID (Cohort 3) | 4.681 |
| PF-06882961 120mg BID (Cohort 4) | 6.203 |
| PF-06882961 10mg BID (Cohort 5) | 8.090 |
| PF-06882961 120mg BID ST (Cohort 6) | 6.730 |
| PF-06882961 200mg QD CR (Cohort 7) | 5.773 |
| PF-06882961 120mg QD (Cohort 8) | 4.954 |
Area under the concentration-time profile from time zero to time 24 hours (AUC24) was calculated as AUCtau1 +AUCtau2, where AUCtau was area under the plasma concentration-time profile from time zero to time tau (tau1 = 0 to 10 hours and tau2=10 to 24 hours). AUCtau was determined using linear/log trapezoidal method. (NCT03538743)
Timeframe: 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 24 hrs post dose on Day 1, 14 or 21, and 28
| Intervention | nanogram.hours/milliliter (ng.h/mL) (Geometric Mean) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AUC24 on Day 1 | AUCtau1 on Day 1 | AUCtau2 on Day 1 | AUC24 on Day 14 or 21 | AUCtau1 on Day 14 or 21 | AUCtau2 on Day 14 or 21 | AUC24 on Day 28 | AUCtau1 on Day 28 | AUCtau2 on Day 28 | |
| PF-06882961 10mg BID (Cohort 5) | 178.7 | 74.50 | 103.7 | 201.6 | 85.57 | 115.4 | 455.9 | 190.8 | 261.0 |
| PF-06882961 120mg BID (Cohort 4) | 666.1 | 260.3 | 401.9 | 8149 | 3772 | 4361 | 8368 | 3534 | 4852 |
| PF-06882961 120mg BID ST (Cohort 6) | 324.0 | 147.7 | 176.4 | 2660 | 957.3 | 1693 | 5973 | 2249 | 3668 |
| PF-06882961 120mg QD (Cohort 8) | 184.6 | NA | NA | 1204 | NA | NA | 2723 | NA | NA |
| PF-06882961 15mg BID (Cohort 1) | 707.5 | 288.1 | 414.8 | 853.8 | 348.6 | 500.1 | 876.7 | 331.1 | 534.7 |
| PF-06882961 200mg QD CR (Cohort 7) | 393.9 | NA | NA | 1291 | NA | NA | 4372 | NA | NA |
| PF-06882961 50mg BID (Cohort 2) | 1502 | 741.4 | 678.5 | 2092 | 880.3 | 1175 | 1653 | 671.1 | 960.1 |
| PF-06882961 70mg BID (Cohort 3) | 645.8 | 279.7 | 364.9 | 2988 | 1462 | 1517 | 3171 | 1153 | 1970 |
"For BID dosing, parameters were calculated for both dosing intervals (0-10 hr = interval 1 and 10-24 hr = interval 2) and were displayed as Cmax1, Cmax2.~Cmax1: maximum plasma concentration during the dosing interval τ1 =0 to 10 hours.~Cmax2: maximum plasma concentration during the dosing interval τ2=10 to 24 hours." (NCT03538743)
Timeframe: 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 24 hours post dose on Day 1, 14 or 21, and 28
| Intervention | nanogram/milliliter (ng/mL) (Geometric Mean) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cmax on Day 1 | Cmax1 on Day 1 | Cmax2 on Day 1 | Cmax on Day 14 or 21 | Cmax1 on Day 14 or 21 | Cmax2 on Day 14 or 21 | Cmax on Day 28 | Cmax1 on Day 28 | Cmax2 on Day 28 | |
| PF-06882961 10mg BID (Cohort 5) | 15.02 | 12.82 | 13.98 | 18.63 | 15.31 | 17.16 | 38.38 | 30.42 | 35.01 |
| PF-06882961 120mg BID (Cohort 4) | 51.61 | 36.51 | 44.97 | 788.4 | 682.7 | 505.3 | 685.2 | 649.2 | 617.9 |
| PF-06882961 120mg BID ST (Cohort 6) | 26.02 | 24.06 | 21.64 | 188.5 | 143.0 | 178.4 | 437.6 | 357.1 | 410.3 |
| PF-06882961 120mg QD (Cohort 8) | 20.40 | NA | NA | 100.7 | NA | NA | 192.2 | NA | NA |
| PF-06882961 15mg BID (Cohort 1) | 50.58 | 42.69 | 40.63 | 65.78 | 55.00 | 63.89 | 81.56 | 50.24 | 74.22 |
| PF-06882961 200mg QD CR (Cohort 7) | 28.67 | NA | NA | 98.11 | NA | NA | 303.9 | NA | NA |
| PF-06882961 50mg BID (Cohort 2) | 124.4 | 119.1 | 68.77 | 149.8 | 130.2 | 127.9 | 133.7 | 103.8 | 117.2 |
| PF-06882961 70mg BID (Cohort 3) | 49.75 | 45.01 | 42.33 | 253.6 | 235.1 | 202.8 | 328.8 | 197.9 | 306.5 |
"ECG categorical summarization criteria: 1. PR interval (the interval between the start of the P wave and the start of the QRS complex, corresponding to the time between the onset of the atrial depolarization and onset of ventricular depolarization): a) greater than or equal to (>=) 300 millisecond (msec), b) >=25% increase when baseline is > 200 msec or >=50% increase when baseline is less than or equal to (<=) 200 msec.~2. QRS duration (time from ECG Q wave to the end of the S wave corresponding to ventricle depolarization): a) >=140 msec, b) >=50% increase from baseline.~3. QTcF interval (QT corrected using the Fridericia formula): a) >450 msec and <=480 msec, b) >480 msec and <=500 msec, c) >500 msec, d) >30 msec and <=60 msec increase from baseline, e) >60 msec increase from baseline" (NCT03538743)
Timeframe: From baseline to up to 14 days after last dose for a total of approximately 42 days
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PR interval ≥300 msec | %Change in PR interval ≥25/50% | QRS duration ≥140 msec | %Change in QRS duration ≥50% | QTcF interval >450 and ≤480 msec | QTcF interval >480 and ≤500 msec | QTcF interval >500 msec | Change in QTcF interval >30 and ≤60 msec | Change in QTcF interval >60 msec | |
| PF-06882961 10mg BID | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| PF-06882961 120mg BID | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| PF-06882961 120mg BID ST | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| PF-06882961 120mg QD | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| PF-06882961 15mg BID | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| PF-06882961 200mg QD CR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| PF-06882961 50mg BID | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| PF-06882961 70mg BID | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Placebo | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Vital signs categorical summarization criteria: 1) supine systolic blood pressure (SBP) <90 millimeters of mercury (mmHg); 2) supine diastolic blood pressure (DBP) <50 mmHg; 3) supine pulse rate <40 or >120 beats per minute (bpm); 4) change from baseline (increase or decrease) in supine SBP greater than or equal to (>=) 30 mmHg; 5) change from baseline (increase or decrease) in supine DBP >= 20 mmHg. (NCT03538743)
Timeframe: From baseline to up to 14 days after last dose for a total of approximately 42 days
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Supine SBP <90 mmHg | Supine SBP increase >=30 mmHg | Supine SBP decrease >=30 mmHg | Supine DBP <50 mmHg | Supine DBP increase >=20 mmHg | Supine DBP decrease >=20 mmHg | Supine pulse rate <40 bpm | Supine pulse rate >120 bpm | |
| PF-06882961 10mg BID | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| PF-06882961 120mg BID | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| PF-06882961 120mg BID ST | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| PF-06882961 120mg QD | 0 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| PF-06882961 15mg BID | 2 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| PF-06882961 200mg QD CR | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| PF-06882961 50mg BID | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| PF-06882961 70mg BID | 3 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Placebo | 3 | 4 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
Treatment-related adverse event (AE) was any untoward medical occurrence attributed to study treatment in a participant who received study treatment. A serious AE (SAE) was an AE resulting in any of the following outcomes or deemed significant for any other reason: death; life-threatening; initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; persistent or significant disability/incapacity; congenital anomaly/birth defect. Any such events with initial onset or increasing in severity after the first dose of study treatment were counted as treatment-emergent. (NCT03538743)
Timeframe: From baseline to up to 35 days after last dose for a total of approximately 63 days
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All-causality AE | All-causality SAE | Treatment-related AE | Treatment-related SAE | |
| PF-06882961 10mg BID | 6 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| PF-06882961 120mg BID | 8 | 0 | 8 | 0 |
| PF-06882961 120mg BID ST | 9 | 1 | 9 | 0 |
| PF-06882961 120mg QD | 8 | 0 | 8 | 0 |
| PF-06882961 15mg BID | 8 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| PF-06882961 200mg QD CR | 9 | 0 | 9 | 0 |
| PF-06882961 50mg BID | 10 | 0 | 10 | 0 |
| PF-06882961 70mg BID | 8 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| Placebo | 17 | 0 | 14 | 0 |
Time for Cmax, Cmax1 and Cmax2 (Tmax, Tmax1 and Tmax2) of PF-06293620 was observed directly from data as time of first occurrence. (NCT03538743)
Timeframe: 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 24 hrs post dose on Day 1, 14 or 21, and 28
| Intervention | hours (Median) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tmax on Day 1 | Tmax1 on Day 1 | Tmax2 on Day 1 | Tmax on Day 14 or 21 | Tmax1 on Day 14 or 21 | Tmax2 on Day 14 or 21 | Tmax on Day 28 | Tmax1 on Day 28 | Tmax2 on Day 28 | |
| PF-06882961 10mg BID (Cohort 5) | NA | 2.00 | 12.0 | NA | 6.00 | 12.0 | NA | 4.00 | 12.0 |
| PF-06882961 120mg BID (Cohort 4) | NA | 4.00 | 14.0 | NA | 1.54 | 12.0 | NA | 4.00 | 12.0 |
| PF-06882961 120mg BID ST (Cohort 6) | NA | 2.00 | 14.0 | NA | 6.00 | 14.0 | NA | 6.00 | 12.0 |
| PF-06882961 120mg QD (Cohort 8) | 3.00 | NA | NA | 6.00 | NA | NA | 10.0 | NA | NA |
| PF-06882961 15mg BID (Cohort 1) | NA | 4.00 | 14.0 | NA | 4.00 | 13.0 | NA | 5.00 | 12.0 |
| PF-06882961 200mg QD CR (Cohort 7) | 13.0 | NA | NA | 12.0 | NA | NA | 14.0 | NA | NA |
| PF-06882961 50mg BID (Cohort 2) | NA | 4.00 | 14.0 | NA | 4.00 | 13.0 | NA | 3.00 | 12.0 |
| PF-06882961 70mg BID (Cohort 3) | NA | 2.00 | 14.0 | NA | 1.05 | 12.0 | NA | 6.00 | 12.0 |
Least Squares (LS) mean was determined by mixed-model repeated measures (MMRM) model with Baseline + Pooled Country + Baseline HbA1c Group (<=8.5%, >8.5%) + Treatment + Time + Treatment*Time (Type III sum of squares). (NCT03987919)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 40
| Intervention | Kilograms (kg) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| 5 mg Tirzepatide | -7.8 |
| 10 mg Tirzepatide | -10.3 |
| 15 mg Tirzepatide | -12.4 |
| 1 mg Semaglutide | -6.2 |
Fasting serum glucose (FSG) is a test to determine sugar levels in serum sample after an overnight fast. Least Squares (LS) mean was determined by mixed-model repeated measures (MMRM) model with Baseline + Pooled Country + Baseline HbA1c Group (<=8.5%, >8.5%) + Treatment + Time + Treatment*Time (Type III sum of squares). (NCT03987919)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 40
| Intervention | milligram per Deciliter (mg/dL) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| 5 mg Tirzepatide | -56.0 |
| 10 mg Tirzepatide | -61.6 |
| 15 mg Tirzepatide | -63.4 |
| 1 mg Semaglutide | -48.6 |
HbA1c is the glycosylated fraction of hemoglobin A. HbA1c is measured primarily to identify average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. Least Squares (LS) mean was determined by mixed-model repeated measures (MMRM) model with Baseline + Pooled Country + Treatment + Time + Treatment*Time (Type III sum of squares). (NCT03987919)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 40
| Intervention | Percentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| 5 mg Tirzepatide | -2.09 |
| 1 mg Semaglutide | -1.86 |
HbA1c is the glycosylated fraction of hemoglobin A. HbA1c is measured primarily to identify average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. Least Squares (LS) mean was determined by mixed-model repeated measures (MMRM) model with Baseline + Pooled Country + Treatment + Time + Treatment*Time (Type III sum of squares). (NCT03987919)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 40
| Intervention | Percentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| 10 mg Tirzepatide | -2.37 |
| 15 mg Tirzepatide | -2.46 |
| 1 mg Semaglutide | -1.86 |
The self-monitored plasma glucose (SMBG) data were collected at the following 7 time points: Morning Premeal - Fasting, Morning 2-hour Postmeal, Midday Premeal, Midday 2-hour Postmeal, Evening Premeal, Evening 2-hour Postmeal and Bedtime. Least Squares (LS) mean was determined by mixed-model repeated measures (MMRM) model with Baseline + Pooled Country + Baseline HbA1c Group (<=8.5%, >8.5%) + Treatment + Time + Treatment*Time (Type III sum of squares). (NCT03987919)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 40
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| 5 mg Tirzepatide | -65.4 |
| 10 mg Tirzepatide | -70.6 |
| 15 mg Tirzepatide | -74.3 |
| 1 mg Semaglutide | -61.4 |
Percentage of Participants Achieving an HbA1c Target Value of <5.7%. (NCT03987919)
Timeframe: Week 40
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| 5 mg Tirzepatide | 29.28 |
| 10 mg Tirzepatide | 44.66 |
| 15 mg Tirzepatide | 50.86 |
| 1 mg Semaglutide | 19.74 |
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is the glycosylated fraction of hemoglobin A. HbA1c is measured to identify average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. (NCT03987919)
Timeframe: Week 40
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| 5 mg Tirzepatide | 85.47 |
| 10 mg Tirzepatide | 88.89 |
| 15 mg Tirzepatide | 92.24 |
| 1 mg Semaglutide | 81.13 |
Percentage of Participants who Achieved Weight Loss ≥5%. (NCT03987919)
Timeframe: Week 40
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| 5 mg Tirzepatide | 68.55 |
| 10 mg Tirzepatide | 82.35 |
| 15 mg Tirzepatide | 86.21 |
| 1 mg Semaglutide | 58.44 |
The hypoglycemia events were defined by participant reported events with blood glucose <54mg/dL) (<3.0 mmol/L] or severe hypoglycemia. Severe hypoglycemia is defined as an episode with severe cognitive impairment requiring the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. These episodes may be associated with sufficient neuroglycopenia to induce seizure or coma. The rate of postbaseline hypoglycemia was estimated by negative binomial model: number of episodes = Pooled Country + Baseline HbA1c Group (<=8.5%, >8.5%) + Treatment. (NCT03987919)
Timeframe: Baseline through Safety Follow-Up (Up to Week 44)
| Intervention | Episodes/participant/365.25 days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 5 mg Tirzepatide | 0.0102 |
| 10 mg Tirzepatide | 0.0046 |
| 15 mg Tirzepatide | 0.0202 |
| 1 mg Semaglutide | 0.0046 |
DTSQc, an 8-item questionnaire, assesses relative change in treatment satisfaction perceived frequency of hyperglycemia, and perceived frequency of hypoglycemia from baseline to week 40 or early termination. The questionnaire consists of 8 items, 6 of which (1 and 4 through 8) assess treatment satisfaction. Each item is rated on a 7-point Likert scale. The scores from the 6 treatment satisfaction items are summed to a Total Treatment Satisfaction Score, which ranges from -18 to 18 where the higher the score the greater the improvement in satisfaction with treatment. The lower the score the greater the deterioration in satisfaction with treatment. The hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia scores range from -3 to 3 where negative scores indicate fewer problems with blood glucose levels and positive scores indicate more problems than before. LS Mean was determined by ANCOVA with Baseline DTSQs + Pooled Country + Baseline HbA1c Group (<=8.5%, >8.5%) + Treatment (Type III sum of squares). (NCT03987919)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 40
| Intervention | Units on a Scale (Least Squares Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Hyperglycemia | Hypoglycemia | Total Score | |
| 1 mg Semaglutide | -1.1 | -0.7 | 15.8 |
| 10 mg Tirzepatide | -1.4 | -0.7 | 15.6 |
| 15 mg Tirzepatide | -1.5 | -0.8 | 16.1 |
| 5 mg Tirzepatide | -1.3 | -0.7 | 15.7 |
(NCT01181674)
Timeframe: Baseline and 52 weeks
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Group 1 (Short) | -0.23 |
| Group 2 (Long) | -0.64 |
| Standard Care | 0.05 |
(NCT01181674)
Timeframe: 52 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Group 1 (Short) | 0 |
| Group 2 (Long) | 0 |
| Standard Care | 0 |
(NCT01181674)
Timeframe: 52 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Group 1 (Short) | 9 |
| Group 2 (Long) | 10 |
| Standard Care | 1 |
Normal fasting plasma glucose is defined as <6.1 mmol/L. (NCT01181674)
Timeframe: 52 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Group 1 (Short) | 5 |
| Group 2 (Long) | 5 |
| Standard Care | 3 |
Normal glucose tolerance is defined as a fasting plasma glucose <6.1 mmol/L and a 2-hour pc plasma glucose <7.8 mmol/L on a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test off diabetes drugs. (NCT01181674)
Timeframe: (1) 20 weeks and (2) 28 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Group 1 and Standard care at 20 weeks | |
| Group 1 (Short) | 2 |
Normal glucose tolerance is defined as a fasting plasma glucose <6.1 mmol/L and a 2-hour pc plasma glucose <7.8 mmol/L on a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test off diabetes drugs. (NCT01181674)
Timeframe: (1) 20 weeks and (2) 28 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Group 2 and Standard care at 28 weeks | |
| Group 2 (Long) | 2 |
Normal glucose tolerance is defined as a fasting plasma glucose <6.1 mmol/L and a 2-hour pc plasma glucose <7.8 mmol/L on a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test off diabetes drugs. (NCT01181674)
Timeframe: (1) 20 weeks and (2) 28 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| Group 1 and Standard care at 20 weeks | Group 2 and Standard care at 28 weeks | |
| Standard Care | 2 | 1 |
(NCT01181674)
Timeframe: Baseline, 8, 20, 28 and 52 weeks
| Intervention | kg (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 8 weeks | 20 weeks | 28 weeks | 52 weeks | |
| Group 1 (Short) | 99.5 | 95.3 | 92.8 | 93.3 | 96.6 |
| Group 2 (Long) | 95.3 | 92.4 | 90.5 | 91.7 | 93.8 |
| Standard Care | 89.3 | 87.1 | 86.3 | 86.1 | 86.5 |
(NCT01181674)
Timeframe: 8, 20, 28 and 52 weeks
| Intervention | percent (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8 weeks | 20 weeks | 28 weeks | 52 weeks | |
| Group 1 (Short) | 6.1 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 6.4 |
| Group 2 (Long) | 6.0 | 6.1 | 6.4 | 6.7 |
| Standard Care | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.5 |
"Percentage of participants achieving normoglycemia on therapy in the experimental group 1 compared to the control group.~Percentage of participants achieving normoglycemia on therapy in the experimental group 2 compared to the control group.~Normoglycemia on therapy is defined as a mean fasting capillary blood glucose NCT01181674)
Timeframe: (1) 8 weeks and (2) 16 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Group 1 and Standard care at 8 weeks | |
| Group 1 (Short) | 14 |
"Percentage of participants achieving normoglycemia on therapy in the experimental group 1 compared to the control group.~Percentage of participants achieving normoglycemia on therapy in the experimental group 2 compared to the control group.~Normoglycemia on therapy is defined as a mean fasting capillary blood glucose NCT01181674)
Timeframe: (1) 8 weeks and (2) 16 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Group 2 and Standard care at 16 weeks | |
| Group 2 (Long) | 19 |
"Percentage of participants achieving normoglycemia on therapy in the experimental group 1 compared to the control group.~Percentage of participants achieving normoglycemia on therapy in the experimental group 2 compared to the control group.~Normoglycemia on therapy is defined as a mean fasting capillary blood glucose NCT01181674)
Timeframe: (1) 8 weeks and (2) 16 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| Group 1 and Standard care at 8 weeks | Group 2 and Standard care at 16 weeks | |
| Standard Care | 1 | 1 |
Change in body weight from baseline to week 30. (NCT02128932)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30
| Intervention | Kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 0.5mg/Week | -3.47 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg/Week | -5.17 |
| Insulin Glargine | 1.15 |
Change in diastolic blood pressure from baseline to week 30. (NCT02128932)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 0.5mg/Week | -1.38 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg/Week | -0.98 |
| Insulin Glargine | -1.44 |
Change in fasting plasma glucose from baseline to week 30. (NCT02128932)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 0.5mg/Week | -36.74 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg/Week | -49.21 |
| Insulin Glargine | -38.18 |
Change in HbA1c from baseline to week 30. (NCT02128932)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30
| Intervention | percentage (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 0.5mg/Week | -1.21 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg/Week | -1.64 |
| Insulin Glargine | -0.83 |
The Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQs) questionnaire was to be used to assess a subject's treatment satisfaction. This questionnaire contained 8 components and measured the treatment for diabetes (including insulin, tablets and/or diet) in terms of convenience, flexibility and general feelings regarding treatment. The value presented is the 'Treatment Satisfaction' summary score, which is the sum of 6 of the 8 items of the DTSQs questionnaire. Response options range from 6 (best case) to 0 (worst case). Total scores for treatment satisfaction range from 0-36. Higher scores indicate higher satisfaction. The values displayed are the estimated mean change from baseline to week 30. (NCT02128932)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 0.5mg/Week | 4.86 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg/Week | 5.37 |
| Insulin Glargine | 3.99 |
Change in systolic blood pressure from baseline to week 30. (NCT02128932)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 0.5mg/Week | -4.65 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg/Week | -5.17 |
| Insulin Glargine | -1.68 |
The Short Form (SF)-36v2™ patient reported outcomes (PRO) questionnaire was used to assess the subject's overall health related quality of life (HRQoL. PRO questionnaire (SF-36v2™) measured the HRQoL on 8 domains on individual scale ranges. The scores 0-100 (where higher scores indicated a better HRQoL) from the SF-36 were converted to a norm-based score using a T-score transformation in order to obtain a direct interpretation in relation to the distribution of the scores in the 1998 U.S. general population. The (SF-36v2™) values displayed are the estimated mean change from baseline to week 30. (NCT02128932)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 30
| Intervention | T-scores (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bodily pain | General Health | Mental Component summary, MCS | Mental Health | Physical Component summary, PCS | Physical Functioning | Role-emotional | Role-physical | Social functioning | Vitality | |
| Insulin Glargine | 0.90 | 1.63 | 0.25 | 0.54 | 1.18 | 0.69 | 0.06 | 0.78 | 0.36 | 0.95 |
| Semaglutide 0.5mg/Week | 0.95 | 1.95 | 1.23 | 1.69 | 1.18 | 1.64 | 0.88 | 0.90 | 1.13 | 1.71 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg/Week | 1.76 | 2.78 | 1.33 | 1.17 | 2.09 | 1.49 | 1.73 | 1.97 | 1.04 | 2.09 |
Subjects who achieve HbA1c ≤6.5% (48 mmol/mol), American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) after 30 weeks of treatment (NCT02128932)
Timeframe: After 30 weeks treatment
| Intervention | Count of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Insulin Glargine | 63 | 297 |
| Semaglutide 0.5mg/Week | 135 | 227 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg/Week | 195 | 165 |
The difference between Cycloset and placebo in the change in HbA1c from baseline to Week 24 was analyzed for subjects with a baseline HbA1c of ≥ 7.5% who were taking at least one oral hypoglycemia agent (OHA) at baseline. The primary analysis was based on subjects from the evaluable per protocol efficacy (EPPE) analysis set with a secondary analysis using subjects from the intent to treat efficacy (ITTE) analysis set for subjects completing 24 weeks of treatment. Change is reported as the absolute difference in % HbA1c. (NCT00377676)
Timeframe: Baseline to week 24
| Intervention | percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Cycloset | -0.41 |
| Placebo | 0.041 |
"Change in HbA1c from baseline to week 24 in subjects failing treatment with metformin plus a sulfonylurea with failure defined as having a baseline HbA1c value of ≥ 7.5%. Change was measured at week 24 after randomization in subjects having no major protocol violations.~Change is reported as the absolute difference in % HbA1c." (NCT00377676)
Timeframe: Baseline to week 24
| Intervention | percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Cycloset | -0.49 |
| Placebo | -0.04 |
The secondary safety endpoint is number subjects with occurrences of first cardiovascular SAE (myocardial infarction, stroke, in-patient hospitalization for heart failure, angina or revascularization surgery). (NCT00377676)
Timeframe: Baseline to week 52.
| Intervention | Subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Cycloset | 31 |
| Placebo | 30 |
Number of subjects reporting all-cause Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) for usual drug therapy plus Cycloset vs. that for usual drug therapy (UDT) plus placebo from baseline to week 52. (NCT00377676)
Timeframe: From baseline to week 52.
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Cycloset | 176 |
| Placebo | 98 |
Change from baseline in 2-hour PMG at Week 24 was analyzed using cLDA method with a restriction of the same baseline mean across treatment groups. The cLDA model included terms for treatment, time, and the interaction of time by treatment. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Omarigliptin (Phase A) | -26.8 |
| Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A) | -12.2 |
A1C is measured as a percent. Change from baseline in A1C at Week 104 was analyzed using cLDA method with a restriction of the same baseline mean across treatment groups. The cLDA model included terms for treatment, time, and the interaction of time by treatment. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 104
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Omarigliptin (Phase B) | -0.42 |
| Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Glimepiride (Phase B) | -0.51 |
Change from baseline in fasting insulin at Week 104 based on a cLDA model including terms for treatment, time, and the interaction of time by treatment. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 104
| Intervention | μIU/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Omarigliptin (Phase B) | 1.2 |
| Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Glimepiride (Phase B) | 1.8 |
Change from baseline in fasting insulin at Week 24 based on a cLDA model including terms for treatment, time, and the interaction of time by treatment. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | micro International Unit (μIU)/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Omarigliptin (Phase A) | 1.8 |
| Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A) | -1.9 |
Change from baseline in FPG at Week 24 was analyzed using cLDA method with a restriction of the same baseline mean across treatment groups. The cLDA model included terms for treatment, time, and the interaction of time by treatment. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Omarigliptin (Phase A) | -10.7 |
| Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A) | -1.2 |
Change from baseline in FPG at Week 104 was analyzed using cLDA method with a restriction of the same baseline mean across treatment groups. The cLDA model included terms for treatment, time, and the interaction of time by treatment. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 104
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Omarigliptin (Phase B) | -7.8 |
| Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Glimepiride (Phase B) | -18.2 |
A1C is measured as a percent. Change from baseline in A1C at Week 24 was analyzed using a constrained longitudinal data analysis (cLDA) method with a restriction of the same baseline mean across treatment groups. The cLDA model included terms for treatment, time, and the interaction of time by treatment. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Omarigliptin (Phase A) | -0.54 |
| Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A) | 0.00 |
Change from baseline in PMG total AUC at Week 24 based on a cLDA model including terms for treatment, time, and the interaction of time by treatment. Plasma glucose levels were measured before the meal (0 minutes), and at 60 and 120 minutes after the meal. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg*h/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Omarigliptin (Phase A) | -46.4 |
| Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A) | -18.6 |
Participants who did not meet progressively stricter glycemic criteria in Phase A had rescue initiated with open-label glimepiride. If during Phase B participants on open-label glimepiride or blinded glimepiride/glimepiride matching placebo needed rescue after maximum up-titration, then insulin glargine was initiated and the dose of open-label glimepiride or blinded glimepiride/glimepiride-matching placebo was discontinued. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: Up to 104 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Omarigliptin (Phase B) | 20.2 |
| Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Glimepiride (Phase B) | 16.2 |
Participants who did not meet progressively stricter glycemic criteria in Phase A had rescue initiated with open-label glimepiride. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: Up to 24 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Omarigliptin (Phase A) | 8.5 |
| Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A) | 9.7 |
Percentage of participants attaining A1C glycemic goals of <6.5% (48 mmol/mol) after 104 weeks of treatment estimated using standard multiple imputation techniques. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: 104 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Omarigliptin (Phase B) | 13.7 |
| Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Glimepiride (Phase B) | 17.9 |
Percentage of participants attaining A1C glycemic goals of <6.5% (48 mmol/mol) after 24 weeks of treatment estimated using standard multiple imputation techniques. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Omarigliptin (Phase A) | 10.6 |
| Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A) | 6.4 |
Percentage of participants attaining A1C glycemic goals of <7.0% (53 mmol/mol) after 24 weeks of treatment estimated using standard multiple imputation techniques. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Omarigliptin (Phase A) | 38.0 |
| Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A) | 18.8 |
Percentage of participants attaining A1C glycemic goals of <7.0% (53 mmol/mol) after 104 weeks of treatment estimated using standard multiple imputation techniques. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: 104 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Omarigliptin (Phase B) | 32.2 |
| Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Glimepiride (Phase B) | 39.0 |
Data presented are a cumulative incidence of participants with glycemic rescue by Week 104. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: Up to 104 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Omarigliptin (Phase B) | 17.4 |
| Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Glimepiride (Phase B) | 13.9 |
Data presented are a cumulative incidence of participants with glycemic rescue by Week 24. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: Up to 24 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Omarigliptin (Phase A) | 8.0 |
| Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A) | 9.0 |
An adverse event is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. Presented data exclude data after glycemic rescue. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: Up to 104 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Omarigliptin (Phase B) | 2.0 |
| Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Glimepiride (Phase B) | 4.5 |
The following laboratory parameters were included: blood chemistry, hematology, electrocardiograms, lipids, body weight, and vital signs. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: Up to 104 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Omarigliptin (Phase B) | 21.9 |
| Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Glimepiride (Phase B) | 17.4 |
An adverse event is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. Presented data exclude data after glycemic rescue. (NCT01755156)
Timeframe: Up to 107 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Omarigliptin (Phase B) | 65.7 |
| Placebo to Omarigliptin (Phase A) → Glimepiride (Phase B) | 65.2 |
Change from baseline in body weight after 26 weeks of treatment (NCT01952145)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | Kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide (IDegLira) | -1.4 |
| Insulin Glargine (IGlar) | 1.8 |
Change from baseline in HbA1c after 26 weeks of treatment (NCT01952145)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | Percentage (%) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide (IDegLira) | -1.81 |
| Insulin Glargine (IGlar) | -1.13 |
Confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as either: Severe (i.e., an episode requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions) or an episode biochemically confirmed by a plasma glucose value of <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL), with or without symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. (NCT01952145)
Timeframe: During 26 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | Number of episodes (Number) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide (IDegLira) | 289 |
| Insulin Glargine (IGlar) | 683 |
A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time. Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 104 A1C minus the Week 0 A1C. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 104
| Intervention | Percent A1C (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | -0.58 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -0.60 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -0.89 |
A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time. Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 26 A1C minus the Week 0 A1C (which is estimated on average for each treatment group using a constrained longitudinal data analysis model, which allows for participants with missing data to be included in the analysis). Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | Percent A1C (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | -0.03 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -0.73 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -0.91 |
A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time. Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 52 A1C minus the Week 0 A1C. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | Percent A1C (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | -0.68 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -0.72 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -0.96 |
The change in body weight from baseline reflects the Week 104 body weight minus the Week 0 body weight. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 104
| Intervention | Kilograms (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | -0.18 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -3.77 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -3.63 |
The change in body weight from baseline reflects the Week 26 body weight minus the Week 0 body weight (which is estimated on average for each treatment group using a constrained longitudinal data analysis model, which allows for participants with missing data to be included in the analysis). Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | Kilograms (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | -1.33 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -3.01 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -2.93 |
The change in body weight from baseline reflects the Week 52 body weight minus the Week 0 body weight. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | Kilograms (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | 0.07 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -3.23 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -3.35 |
Blood glucose was measured on a fasting basis. Blood was drawn at predose on Day 1 and after 104 weeks of treatment to determine change in plasma glucose levels (i.e., FPG at Week 104 minus FPG at Week 0). Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 104
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | -10.9 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -18.2 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -28.2 |
Blood glucose was measured on a fasting basis. Blood was drawn at predose on Day 1 and after 26 weeks of treatment to determine change in plasma glucose levels (i.e., FPG at Week 26 minus FPG at Week 0) which is estimated on average for each treatment group using a constrained longitudinal data analysis model, which allows for participants with missing data to be included in the analysis. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | -0.85 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -27.54 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -39.10 |
Blood glucose was measured on a fasting basis. Blood was drawn at predose on Day 1 and after 52 weeks of treatment to determine change in plasma glucose levels (i.e., FPG at Week 52 minus FPG at Week 0). Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | -12.0 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -22.4 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -35.2 |
This change from baseline reflects the Week 104 sitting DBP minus the Week 0 sitting DBP. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 104
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | -0.46 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -2.36 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -1.52 |
This change from baseline reflects the Week 26 sitting diastolic blood pressure (DBP) minus the Week 0 sitting DBP (which is estimated on average for each treatment group using a constrained longitudinal data analysis model, which allows for participants with missing data to be included in the analysis). Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | 0.23 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -1.59 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -2.19 |
This change from baseline reflects the Week 52 sitting DBP minus the Week 0 sitting DBP. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | 0.38 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -1.40 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -1.19 |
This change from baseline reflects the Week 104 sitting SBP minus the Week 0 sitting SBP. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 104
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | 0.05 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -3.61 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -3.13 |
This change from baseline reflects the Week 26 sitting systolic blood pressure (SBP) minus the Week 0 sitting SBP (which is estimated on average for each treatment group using a constrained longitudinal data analysis model, which allows for participants with missing data to be included in the analysis). Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | -0.70 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -4.38 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -5.20 |
This change from baseline reflects the Week 52 sitting SBP minus the Week 0 sitting SBP. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | 0.65 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -2.63 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -4.28 |
BMD at the femoral neck was assessed by DXA at Week 0 and Week 104. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 104
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | -1.23 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -1.11 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -0.96 |
BMD at the femoral neck was assessed by DXA at Week 0 and Week 104. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 104
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | 0.09 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -0.19 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -0.13 |
BMD at the total hip was assessed by DXA at Week 0 and Week 104. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 104
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | -1.18 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -1.72 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -2.02 |
BMD at the distal forearm was assessed by DXA at Week 0 and Week 26. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | 0.06 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -0.15 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -0.13 |
BMD at the femoral neck was assessed by DXA at Week 0 and Week 26. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | -0.40 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -0.10 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 0.30 |
BMD at the femoral neck was assessed by DXA at Week 0 and Week 26. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | 0.22 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -0.01 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 0.12 |
BMD at the total hip was assessed by DXA at Week 0 and Week 26. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | -0.63 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -0.55 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -0.36 |
BMD at the distal forearm was assessed by DXA at Week 0 and Week 52. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | -0.44 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -0.59 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -0.39 |
BMD at the femoral neck was assessed by DXA at Week 0 and Week 52. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | -0.69 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -0.49 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -0.44 |
BMD at the femoral neck was assessed by DXA at Week 0 and Week 52. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | -0.10 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -0.28 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 0.07 |
BMD at the total hip was assessed by DXA at Week 0 and Week 52. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | -0.82 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -1.04 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -1.32 |
CTX is a biochemical marker of bone resorption. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | Percent change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | 10.8 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 51.9 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 80.2 |
CTX is a biochemical marker of bone resorption. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 104
| Intervention | Percent change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | 19.29 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 26.94 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 32.53 |
CTX is a biochemical marker of bone resorption. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | Percent change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | 15.54 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 34.36 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 41.57 |
P1NP is a biochemical marker of bone resorption. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 104
| Intervention | Percent change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | 19.38 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 10.11 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 24.21 |
P1NP is a biochemical marker of bone resorption. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | Percent Change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | 24.50 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 8.41 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 19.79 |
PTH is a biochemical marker of bone resorption. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | Percent change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | -0.98 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 0.28 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 0.14 |
P1NP is a biochemical marker of bone resorption. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | Percent change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | 0.5 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 0.8 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 0.5 |
PTH is a biochemical marker of bone resorption. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 104
| Intervention | Percent change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | 10.12 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 8.16 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 5.46 |
PTH is a biochemical marker of bone resorption. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | Percent Change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | 8.11 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 11.09 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 2.48 |
BMD at the distal forearm was assessed by DXA at Week 0 and Week 104. Participants who exhibited a significant reduction in BMD according to the protocol defined criteria completed an unscheduled DXA scan and, if required, received bone-active therapy. This table excludes measurements obtained after initiation of bone rescue medications. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 104
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | -0.58 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -0.40 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -0.64 |
An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure, that occurs during the course of the study. Per protocol, participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with open-label glimepiride or basal insulin according to Investigator judgment. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Up to Week 104
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | 2.4 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 3.4 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 3.9 |
An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure, that occurs during the course of the study. Per protocol, participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with open-label glimepiride or basal insulin according to Investigator judgment. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Up to Week 106
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | 77.5 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 70.5 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 75.6 |
Per protocol participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Up to Week 104
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | 24.4 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 11.1 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 10.7 |
Per protocol, participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Up to Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | 17.7 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 2.9 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 1.5 |
Per protocol, participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Up to Week 52
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | 17.2 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 4.3 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 1.5 |
A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time. Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Week 104
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | 7.2 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 10.6 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 12.2 |
A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | 2.9 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 8.7 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 12.2 |
A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time. Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | 11.0 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 10.6 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 14.6 |
A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time. Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Week 104
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | 19.1 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 24.6 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 33.7 |
A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | 15.8 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 35.3 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 40.0 |
A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | 30.6 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 34.8 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 36.6 |
Per protocol, participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Days (Median) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Glimepiride | 105 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 112 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 139 |
Pharmacokinetic samples were collected at approximately 24 hours following the prior day's dose and before administration of the current day's dose. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 0.500 mg/mL. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride or basal insulin injected subcutaneously, and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02033889)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and/or 60 minutes post-dose on Weeks 6, 12, 18, and 30
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 6:Pre-dose | Week 12:Pre-dose | Week 12:60 mins post-dose | Week 18:Pre-dose | Week 18:60 mins post-dose | Week 30:Pre-dose | |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 38.38 | 29.23 | 228.13 | 24.46 | 214.96 | 30.55 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 14.89 | 12.34 | 74.84 | 9.91 | 74.39 | 12.66 |
| Placebo/Glimepiride | NA | NA | NA | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.15 |
Systolic blood pressure was measured in mmHg. (NCT03151005)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin-GLP-1 Receptor Agonist | 122.83 |
| Metformin-Oral Contraceptive(OC) | 122.40 |
Alanine transaminase was measured in IU/L. (NCT03151005)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | IU/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin-GLP-1 Receptor Agonist | 39.09 |
| Metformin-Oral Contraceptive(OC) | 36.73 |
Changes in testosterone levels were measured (NCT03151005)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | nmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin-GLP-1 Receptor Agonist | 1.82 |
| Metformin-Oral Contraceptive(OC) | 2.14 |
Concentration of LH was measured in mIU/ml. (NCT03151005)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | mIU/ml (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin-GLP-1 Receptor Agonist | 5.52 |
| Metformin-Oral Contraceptive(OC) | 5.33 |
Weight and height will be combined to report BMI in kg/m^2. (NCT03151005)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | kg/m^2 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin-GLP-1 Receptor Agonist | 26.26 |
| Metformin-Oral Contraceptive(OC) | 27.12 |
"The EQ-5D-3L is a health profile questionnaire that assesses quality of life along 5 dimensions. Participants rate 5 aspects of health (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression) by choosing from 3 answering options (1=no problems; 2=some problems; 3=extreme problems). The summed score ranges from 1-15 with 3 corresponding to no problems and 15 corresponding to severe problems in the 5 dimensions. EQ-5D-3L also includes an EQ visual analogue score (VAS) that ranges between 100 (best imaginable health) and 0 (worst imaginable health). Total index EQ-5D-3L summary score is weighted with a range of -0.594 (worst) to 1.0 (best)." (NCT02036515)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 0.88 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 0.89 |
| Placebo | 0.90 |
HOMA-%β is a well-accepted means of assessing fasting β-cell function, and is calculated using measured C-peptide and glucose levels and is measured as a percentage of a normal reference population. HOMA-%β = [20 x fasting insulin (μU/mL)] / [fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) - 3.5] (NCT02036515)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | Percentage (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 47.99 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 48.54 |
| Placebo | 48.04 |
The change from baseline is the Week 26 body weight minus the Week 0 body weight. Data presented exclude data following the initiation of rescue therapy. (NCT02036515)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -3.35 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -3.04 |
| Placebo | -1.32 |
The change from baseline is the Week 52 body weight minus the Week 0 body weight. Data presented exclude data following the initiation of rescue therapy. (NCT02036515)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -3.46 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -2.83 |
| Placebo | -0.95 |
"The EQ-5D-3L is a health profile questionnaire that assesses quality of life along 5 dimensions. Participants rate 5 aspects of health (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression) by choosing from 3 answering options (1=no problems; 2=some problems; 3=extreme problems). The summed score ranges from 3-15 with 3 corresponding to no problems and 15 corresponding to severe problems in the 5 dimensions. EQ-5D-3L also includes an EQ VAS that ranges between 100 (best imaginable health) and 0 (worst imaginable health). Decrease from baseline in EQ-5D-3L signifies improvement. Total index EQ-5D-3L summary score is weighted with a range of -0.594 (worst) to 1.0 (best). Data presented exclude data following the initiation of rescue therapy." (NCT02036515)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 0.00 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 0.02 |
| Placebo | 0.01 |
"The EQ-5D-3L is a health profile questionnaire that assesses quality of life along 5 dimensions. Participants rate 5 aspects of health (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression) by choosing from 3 answering options (1=no problems; 2=some problems; 3=extreme problems). The summed score ranges from 3-15 with 3 corresponding to no problems and 15 corresponding to severe problems in the 5 dimensions. EQ-5D-3L also includes an EQ VAS that ranges between 100 (best imaginable health) and 0 (worst imaginable health). Decrease from baseline in EQ-5D-3L signifies improvement. Total index EQ-5D-3L summary score is weighted with a range of -0.594 (worst) to 1.0 (best). Data presented exclude data following the initiation of rescue therapy." (NCT02036515)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 0.03 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -0.00 |
| Placebo | 0.02 |
The change from baseline is the Week 26 FPG minus the Week 0 FPG. Laboratory measurements were performed after an overnight fast ≥10 hours in duration. Data presented exclude data following the initiation of rescue therapy. (NCT02036515)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -26.91 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -33.04 |
| Placebo | -1.76 |
The change from baseline is the Week 52 FPG minus the Week 0 FPG. Laboratory measurements were performed after an overnight fast ≥10 hours in duration. Data presented exclude data following the initiation of rescue therapy. (NCT02036515)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -25.57 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -26.38 |
| Placebo | 3.19 |
A1C is measured as percent. Thus this change from baseline reflects the Week 26 A1C percent minus the Week 0 A1C percent. Laboratory measurements were performed after an overnight fast ≥10 hours in duration. Data presented exclude data following the initiation of rescue therapy. (NCT02036515)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -0.78 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -0.86 |
| Placebo | -0.09 |
A1C is measured as percent. Thus this change from baseline reflects the Week 52 A1C percent minus the Week 0 A1C percent. Laboratory measurements were performed after an overnight fast ≥10 hours in duration. Data presented exclude data following the initiation of rescue therapy. (NCT02036515)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -0.75 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -0.81 |
| Placebo | 0.02 |
HOMA-%β is a well-accepted means of assessing fasting β-cell function, and is calculated using measured C-peptide and glucose levels and is measured as a percentage of a normal reference population. HOMA-%β = [20 x fasting insulin (μU/mL)] / [fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) - 3.5]. Data presented exclude data following the initiation of rescue therapy. (NCT02036515)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 13.28 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 12.43 |
| Placebo | 0.52 |
HOMA-%β is a well-accepted means of assessing fasting β-cell function, and is calculated using measured C-peptide and glucose levels and is measured as a percentage of a normal reference population. HOMA-%β = [20 x fasting insulin (μU/mL)] / [fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) - 3.5]. Data presented exclude data following the initiation of rescue therapy. (NCT02036515)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | Percentage (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 10.85 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 10.93 |
| Placebo | -1.93 |
An adverse event is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant or clinical investigation participant administered a pharmaceutical product, and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. Data presented include data following the initiation of rescue therapy. (NCT02036515)
Timeframe: Up to Week 52
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 4.5 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 3.9 |
| Placebo | 3.9 |
An adverse event is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant or clinical investigation participant administered a pharmaceutical product, and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. Data presented include data following the initiation of rescue therapy. (NCT02036515)
Timeframe: Up to Week 54
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 57.7 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 60.1 |
| Placebo | 63.4 |
Glycemic rescue medication was initiated for participants who met progressively more stringent glycemic rescue criteria. Rescue medication included glimepiride (or insulin glargine if glimepiride was not considered appropriate for the participant). (NCT02036515)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 1.3 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 2.0 |
| Placebo | 16.3 |
Glycemic rescue medication was initiated for participants who met progressively more stringent glycemic rescue criteria. Rescue medication included glimepiride (or insulin glargine if glimepiride was not considered appropriate for the participant). (NCT02036515)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 12.8 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 13.7 |
| Placebo | 41.8 |
A1C is measured as percent. Laboratory measurements were performed after an overnight fast ≥10 hours in duration. Data presented exclude data following the initiation of rescue therapy. (NCT02036515)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 32.1 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 39.9 |
| Placebo | 17.0 |
A1C is measured as percent. Laboratory measurements were performed after an overnight fast ≥10 hours in duration. Data presented exclude data following the initiation of rescue therapy. (NCT02036515)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 33.3 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 32.7 |
| Placebo | 13.7 |
The change from baseline is the Week 26 diastolic blood pressure minus the Week 0 diastolic blood pressure. Sitting blood pressure was measured in triplicate. Data presented exclude data following the initiation of rescue therapy. (NCT02036515)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Change from baseline | |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 78.42 | -1.81 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 78.42 | -1.68 |
| Placebo | 78.42 | -0.43 |
The change from baseline is the Week 52 diastolic blood pressure minus the Week 0 diastolic blood pressure. Sitting blood pressure was measured in triplicate. Data presented exclude data following the initiation of rescue therapy. (NCT02036515)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Change from baseline | |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 78.44 | -1.38 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 78.44 | -1.52 |
| Placebo | 78.44 | -0.53 |
The change from baseline is the Week 26 systolic blood pressure minus the Week 0 systolic blood pressure. Sitting blood pressure was measured in triplicate. Data presented exclude data following the initiation of rescue therapy. (NCT02036515)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Change from baseline | |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 130.87 | -4.82 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 130.87 | -3.81 |
| Placebo | 130.87 | -0.88 |
The change from baseline is the Week 52 systolic blood pressure minus the Week 0 systolic blood pressure. Sitting blood pressure was measured in triplicate. Data presented exclude data following the initiation of rescue therapy. (NCT02036515)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Change from baseline | |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 130.92 | -4.09 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 130.92 | -4.16 |
| Placebo | 130.92 | 0.83 |
Glycemic rescue medication was initiated for participants who met progressively more stringent glycemic rescue criteria. Rescue medication included glimepiride (or insulin glargine if glimepiride was not considered appropriate for the participant). Data presented are the minimum and maximum times to the initiation of rescue therapy in days. Below data include data from 1 participant in the Placebo arm who continued Phase A treatment for an additional 30 days. (NCT02036515)
Timeframe: Up to Week 26 (plus 30 days for 1 placebo participant)
| Intervention | Days (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Minimum time to initiation of glycemic rescue | Maximum time to initiation of glycemic rescue | |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 43 | 147 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 135 | 141 |
| Placebo | 26 | 212 |
Glycemic rescue medication was initiated for participants who met progressively more stringent glycemic rescue criteria. Rescue medication included glimepiride (or insulin glargine if glimepiride was not considered appropriate for the participant). Data presented are the minimum and maximum times to the initiation of rescue therapy in days. (NCT02036515)
Timeframe: Up to week 52
| Intervention | Days (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Minimum time to initiation of glycemic rescue | Maximum time to initiation of glycemic rescue | |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 43 | 299 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 135 | 295 |
| Placebo | 26 | 327 |
"Blood glucose was measured 120 minutes from start of meal.~The unexpected absence of a treatment effect in this study led to investigations that included measurement of metformin levels in available samples collected for future research during the study. Of the 92 participants with samples who had not been rescued with metformin, 57% (25/44) in the placebo group and 29% (14/48) in the omarigliptin group had detectable metformin, indicating the use of metformin that was prohibited by the protocol. The use of metformin prohibited by the protocol was without investigator knowledge and is a confounding factor impacting the ability to draw any conclusions regarding the efficacy results from this study." (NCT01814748)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Omarigliptin 25 mg | -11.3 |
| Placebo | -15.5 |
"A1C (%) is used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time.~The unexpected absence of a treatment effect in this study led to investigations that included measurement of metformin levels in available samples collected for future research during the study. Of the 92 participants with samples who had not been rescued with metformin, 57% (25/44) in the placebo group and 29% (14/48) in the omarigliptin group had detectable metformin, indicating the use of metformin that was prohibited by the protocol. The use of metformin prohibited by the protocol was without investigator knowledge and is a confounding factor impacting the ability to draw any conclusions regarding the efficacy results from this study." (NCT01814748)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Omarigliptin 25 mg | -0.33 |
| Placebo | -0.45 |
"Blood glucose was measured on a fasting basis.~The unexpected absence of a treatment effect in this study led to investigations that included measurement of metformin levels in available samples collected for future research during the study. Of the 92 participants with samples who had not been rescued with metformin, 57% (25/44) in the placebo group and 29% (14/48) in the omarigliptin group had detectable metformin, indicating the use of metformin that was prohibited by the protocol. The use of metformin prohibited by the protocol was without investigator knowledge and is a confounding factor impacting the ability to draw any conclusions regarding the efficacy results from this study." (NCT01814748)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Omarigliptin 25 mg | -5.0 |
| Placebo | -1.3 |
"Percentage of participants was estimated using standard multiple imputation techniques (cLDA). Within-group CIs were calculated via the Wilson score method.~The unexpected absence of a treatment effect in this study led to investigations that included measurement of metformin levels in available samples collected for future research during the study. Of the 92 participants with samples who had not been rescued with metformin, 57% (25/44) in the placebo group and 29% (14/48) in the omarigliptin group had detectable metformin, indicating the use of metformin that was prohibited by the protocol. The use of metformin prohibited by the protocol was without investigator knowledge and is a confounding factor impacting the ability to draw any conclusions regarding the efficacy results from this study." (NCT01814748)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Omarigliptin 25 mg | 21.7 |
| Placebo | 17.6 |
"Percentage of participants was estimated using standard multiple imputation techniques (constrained longitudinal data analysis [cLDA] model). Within-group confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated via the Wilson score method.~The unexpected absence of a treatment effect in this study led to investigations that included measurement of metformin levels in available samples collected for future research during the study. Of the 92 participants with samples who had not been rescued with metformin, 57% (25/44) in the placebo group and 29% (14/48) in the omarigliptin group had detectable metformin, indicating the use of metformin that was prohibited by the protocol. The use of metformin prohibited by the protocol was without investigator knowledge and is a confounding factor impacting the ability to draw any conclusions regarding the efficacy results from this study." (NCT01814748)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Omarigliptin 25 mg | 33.5 |
| Placebo | 34.0 |
"An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure, that occurs during the course of the study. Data presented exclude data following the initiation of glycemic rescue.~The safety database was analyzed in a standard fashion in the APaT population for all participants who took at least one dose of study medication. This analysis may have been confounded by the use of metformin prohibited by the protocol (see efficacy results description above)." (NCT01814748)
Timeframe: Up to Week 24
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Omarigliptin 25 mg | 0.0 |
| Placebo | 2.0 |
"An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure, that occurs during the course of the study. Data presented exclude data following the initiation of glycemic rescue.~The safety database was analyzed in a standard fashion in the all participants as treated (APaT) population for all participants who took at least one dose of study medication. This analysis may have been confounded by the use of metformin prohibited by the protocol (see efficacy results description above)." (NCT01814748)
Timeframe: Up to Week 27
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Omarigliptin 25 mg | 39.2 |
| Placebo | 39.6 |
"Participants exceeding pre-specified glycemic thresholds after starting the double-blind treatment period may have received rescue therapy (per protocol) with open-label metformin initiated by the investigator.~This analysis may have been confounded by the use of metformin prohibited by the protocol (see efficacy results description above)." (NCT01814748)
Timeframe: Up to Week 24
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Omarigliptin 25 mg | 10.8 |
| Placebo | 12.9 |
To evaluate the efficacy of the combination therapy (saxagliptin + metformin) when compared to placebo + metformin and placebo + saxagliptin with respect to reduction in HbA1c (%) at the end of 24 weeks of double-blinded treatment. (NCT02273050)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24 (prior to rescue)
| Intervention | % HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin + Metformin | -3.007 |
| Saxagliptin + Placebo | -2.123 |
| Metformin + Placebo | -2.794 |
To evaluate the efficacy of the combination therapy (saxagliptin + metformin) when compared to placebo + metformin and placebo + saxagliptin with respect to change in 180-minute postprandial glucose response to a meal tolerance test at the end of 24 weeks of double-blinded treatment. (NCT02273050)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24 prior to rescue
| Intervention | mmol*min/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin + Metformin | -1027.8 |
| Saxagliptin + Placebo | -611.9 |
| Metformin + Placebo | -858.5 |
To evaluate the efficacy of the combination therapy (saxagliptin + metformin) when compared to placebo + metformin and placebo + saxagliptin with respect to reduction in fasting plasma glucose at the end of 24 weeks of double-blinded treatment. (NCT02273050)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24 prior to rescue
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin + Metformin | -3.25 |
| Saxagliptin + Placebo | -1.86 |
| Metformin + Placebo | -2.94 |
To evaluate the efficacy of the combination therapy (saxagliptin + metformin) when compared to placebo + metformin and placebo + saxagliptin with respect to change in 120-minute postprandial glucose response to a meal tolerance test at the end of 24 weeks of double-blinded treatment. (NCT02273050)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24 prior to rescue
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin + Metformin | -7.09 |
| Saxagliptin + Placebo | -4.12 |
| Metformin + Placebo | -5.95 |
To evaluate the efficacy of the combination therapy (saxagliptin + metformin) when compared to placebo + metformin and placebo + saxagliptin with respect to the proportion of subjects achieving a therapeutic glycemic response defined as HbA1c < 7.0% at the end of 24 weeks of double-blinded treatment. (NCT02273050)
Timeframe: Week 24 (prior to rescue)
| Intervention | Percentage of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin + Metformin | 81.8 |
| Saxagliptin + Placebo | 44.3 |
| Metformin + Placebo | 71.1 |
To evaluate the efficacy of the combination therapy (saxagliptin + metformin) when compared to placebo + metformin and placebo + saxagliptin with respect to the proportion of subjects achieving a therapeutic glycemic response defined as HbA1c ≤ 6.5% at the end of 24 weeks of double-blinded treatment. (NCT02273050)
Timeframe: Week 24 (prior to rescue)
| Intervention | Percentage of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin + Metformin | 67.0 |
| Saxagliptin + Placebo | 32.1 |
| Metformin + Placebo | 55.4 |
To evaluate the efficacy of the combination therapy (saxagliptin + metformin) when compared to placebo + metformin and placebo + saxagliptin with respect to the proportion of subjects requiring rescue for failing to achieve pre-specified glycemic targets or discontinuing for lack of efficacy within the 24 weeks of double-blinded treatment. (NCT02273050)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | Percentage of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin + Metformin | 1.4 |
| Saxagliptin + Placebo | 10.3 |
| Metformin + Placebo | 1.4 |
Blood glucose was measured on a fasting basis. FPG is expressed as mg/dL. Blood was drawn at predose on Day 1 and after 24 weeks of treatment to determine change in plasma glucose levels (i.e., FPG at Week 24 minus FPG at baseline). (NCT01704261)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Omarigliptin | -19.6 |
| Placebo | -3.0 |
A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over a prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 24 A1C minus the Week 0 A1C. (NCT01704261)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | %A1C (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Omarigliptin | -0.67 |
| Placebo | -0.06 |
An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure. (NCT01704261)
Timeframe: Up to Week 24
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Omarigliptin | 2.6 |
| Placebo | 2.6 |
An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure. (NCT01704261)
Timeframe: Up to Week 27
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Omarigliptin | 57.5 |
| Placebo | 47.7 |
The percentage of participants who achieved A1C values <6.5% (48 mmol/mol) or <7.0% (53 mmol/mol) in the FAS population at Week 24. (NCT01704261)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| <7.0% | <6.5% | |
| Omarigliptin | 23.8 | 10.1 |
| Placebo | 4.4 | 2.1 |
LS means of the body weight change from baseline to primary endpoint at week 28 was adjusted by treatment, country, metformin use, week, treatment-by-week interaction, and baseline body weight as covariate, via a MMRM analysis. (NCT02152371)
Timeframe: Baseline, 28 Weeks
| Intervention | kilogram(kg) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dulaglutide + Insulin Glargine | -1.91 |
| Placebo + Insulin Glargine | 0.50 |
Least Square (LS) Means of the insulin dose change from baseline to primary endpoint at week 28 was adjusted by treatment, country, metformin use, week, treatment-by-week interaction, and baseline insulin dose as covariate, via a MMRM analysis. (NCT02152371)
Timeframe: Baseline, 28 Weeks
| Intervention | units (u) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dulaglutide + Insulin Glargine | 12.75 |
| Placebo + Insulin Glargine | 25.94 |
FSG is a test to determine glucose levels after an overnight fast. LS means FSG change from baseline to primary endpoint at week 28 was calculated using a mixed effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) analysis adjusted by treatment, country, metformin use, week, treatment-by-week interaction, and baseline FSG as covariate. (NCT02152371)
Timeframe: Baseline, 28 Weeks
| Intervention | milligram per deciliter (mg/dL) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dulaglutide + Insulin Glargine | -44.63 |
| Placebo + Insulin Glargine | -27.90 |
HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. Least-squares (LS) mean and standard error (SE) changes from baseline in HbA1c at 28 weeks were measured using mixed model regression and restricted maximum likelihood (REML) with treatment, pooled country, visit, and treatment-by -visit interaction as fixed effects, baseline as covariate, and participant as a random effect. (NCT02152371)
Timeframe: Baseline, 28 Weeks
| Intervention | percentage of change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dulaglutide + Insulin Glargine | -1.44 |
| Placebo + Insulin Glargine | -0.67 |
The number of cases of acute pancreatitis confirmed by adjudication. A summary of serious and other non-serious AEs, regardless of causality, is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT02152371)
Timeframe: Baseline through 28 Weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Dulaglutide + Insulin Glargine | 0 |
| Placebo + Insulin Glargine | 0 |
Dulaglutide anti-drug antibodies (ADA) were assessed at baseline, Weeks 12 and 28. A participant was considered to have treatment-emergent (TE) dulaglutide ADAs if the participant had at least 1 titer that was TE relative to baseline, defined as a 4-fold or greater increase in titer from baseline measurement. (NCT02152371)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12 and Week 28
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Dulaglutide + Insulin Glargine | 0 |
| Placebo + Insulin Glargine | 2 |
Cardiovascular (CV) adverse events (AEs) were adjudicated by an independent committee of physicians with cardiology expertise external to the sponsor. Deaths occurring during the study treatment period and nonfatal CV AEs were to be adjudicated. Nonfatal CV events that were to be adjudicated were myocardial infarction; hospitalization for unstable angina; hospitalization for heart failure; coronary interventions (such as coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI); and cerebrovascular events, including cerebrovascular accident (CVA/stroke), and transient ischemic attack (TIA). (NCT02152371)
Timeframe: Baseline through 28 Weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Dulaglutide + Insulin Glargine | 3 |
| Placebo + Insulin Glargine | 1 |
(NCT02152371)
Timeframe: Baseline through 28 Weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Dulaglutide + Insulin Glargine | 1 |
| Placebo + Insulin Glargine | 0 |
(NCT02152371)
Timeframe: 28 Weeks
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Dulaglutide + Insulin Glargine | 52.7 |
| Placebo + Insulin Glargine | 20.0 |
Percentage of participants who achieved a target HbA1c target of <7%, without weight gain and without documented symptomatic hypoglycemia at 28 weeks were analyzed using regression model, controlling for treatment, pre-treatment, baseline HbA1c and country. (NCT02152371)
Timeframe: 28 Weeks
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Dulaglutide + Insulin Glargine | 40.7 |
| Placebo + Insulin Glargine | 16.7 |
Percentage of participants achieving target HbA1c of <7.0% at 28 weeks without documented symptomatic hypoglycemia are presented. Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia is defined as any time a participant experienced symptoms and or signs associated with hypoglycemia and had a plasma glucose of <=70 mg/dL. (NCT02152371)
Timeframe: 28 Weeks
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Dulaglutide + Insulin Glargine | 52.0 |
| Placebo + Insulin Glargine | 28.0 |
(NCT02152371)
Timeframe: Baseline through 28 Weeks
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Dulaglutide + Insulin Glargine | 0 |
| Placebo + Insulin Glargine | 0 |
The rate of total hypoglycemic events any type per 30 days is presented. The hypoglycemia rate per 30 days during defined period is calculated by the number of hypoglycemia events within the period/number of days participant at risk within the period*30 days. (NCT02152371)
Timeframe: Baseline through 28 Weeks
| Intervention | rate of hypoglycemic events per 30 days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dulaglutide + Insulin Glargine | 0.63 |
| Placebo + Insulin Glargine | 0.70 |
The LS means of the 7-point SMPG change from baseline to primary endpoint at week 28 was measured using a MMRM analysis adjusted by treatment, country, metformin use, week, treatment-by-week interaction, and baseline SMPG as covariate. (NCT02152371)
Timeframe: Baseline, 28 Weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-Morning Meal (n=133,129) | Morning Meal 2-Hour Postprandial (n=123,119) | Pre-Midday Meal (n=133,127) | Midday Meal 2-Hour Post Prandial (n=123,117) | Pre-Evening Meal (n=133,129) | Evening Meal 2-Hour Postprandial (n=126,122) | 3:00 AM (Morning) (n=124,117) | |
| Dulaglutide + Insulin Glargine | -44.03 | -64.16 | -40.89 | -51.13 | -43.68 | -48.63 | -39.77 |
| Placebo + Insulin Glargine | -35.97 | -46.97 | -25.34 | -32.98 | -28.71 | -27.35 | -20.30 |
Percentage of participants who achieved HbA1c levels of <7% or ≤6.5% were analyzed using a logistic regression model, controlling for treatment, pre-treatment, baseline HbA1c and country. (NCT02152371)
Timeframe: 28 Weeks
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| HbA1c <= 6.5 | HbA1c < 7.0 | |
| Dulaglutide + Insulin Glargine | 50.7 | 69.3 |
| Placebo + Insulin Glargine | 16.7 | 35.3 |
Hypoglycemic events (HE) were classified as severe (defined as episodes requiring the assistance of another person to actively administer resuscitative actions), documented symptomatic (defined as any time a participant feels that he/she is experiencing symptoms and/or signs associated with hypoglycemia, and has a plasma glucose level of =<3.9 mmol/L), asymptomatic (defined as events not accompanied by typical symptoms of hypoglycemia but with a measured plasma glucose of =<3.9 mmol/L), nocturnal (defined as any hypoglycemic event that occurred between bedtime and waking), or probable symptomatic (defined as events during which symptoms of hypoglycemia were not accompanied by a plasma glucose determination). The percentage of participants with self-reported hypoglycemic events is presented. (NCT02152371)
Timeframe: Baseline through 28 Weeks
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Symptomatic | Asymptomatic | Severe | Nocturnal | Probable Symptomatic | |
| Dulaglutide + Insulin Glargine | 35.3 | 42.7 | 0.7 | 28.0 | 2.7 |
| Placebo + Insulin Glargine | 30.0 | 39.3 | 0.0 | 28.7 | 2.0 |
(NCT02104804)
Timeframe: Baseline to 24 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin Plus Insulin | -30.28 |
| Vs. Placebo Plus Insulin | 8.84 |
(NCT02104804)
Timeframe: Baseline to 24 weeks
| Intervention | IU (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin Plus Insulin | -0.09 |
| Vs. Placebo Plus Insulin | 0.04 |
(NCT02104804)
Timeframe: Baseline to 24 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin Plus Insulin | -0.64 |
| Vs. Placebo Plus Insulin | -0.06 |
(NCT02104804)
Timeframe: Baseline to 24 weeks
| Intervention | mg*min/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin Plus Insulin | -4702.2 |
| Vs. Placebo Plus Insulin | 1431.0 |
(NCT02104804)
Timeframe: At Week 24
| Intervention | % of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin Plus Insulin | 11.4 |
| Vs. Placebo Plus Insulin | 3.5 |
(NCT02104804)
Timeframe: Baseline to Average of Weeks 20 and 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin Plus Insulin | -11.23 |
| Vs. Placebo Plus Insulin | 4.65 |
A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). This change from baseline reflects the Week 26 A1C minus the Week 0 A1C. Excluding recue approach data analysis excluded all data following the initiation of rescue therapy at any time point, in order to avoid the confounding influence of the rescue therapy. (NCT02099110)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -1.02 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -1.08 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -1.05 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg + Sitagliptin 100 mg | -1.49 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg + Sitagliptin 100 mg | -1.52 |
This change from baseline reflects the Week 26 body weight minus the Week 0 body weight. Excluding recue approach data analysis excluded all data following the initiation of rescue therapy at any time point, in order to avoid the confounding influence of the rescue therapy. (NCT02099110)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | Kilograms (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -2.69 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -3.74 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -0.67 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg + Sitagliptin 100 mg | -2.52 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg + Sitagliptin 100 mg | -2.94 |
Blood glucose was measured on a fasting basis after at least a 10-hour fast. This change from baseline reflects the Week 26 FPG minus the Week 0 FPG. Excluding recue approach data analysis excluded all data following the initiation of rescue therapy at any time point, in order to avoid the confounding influence of the rescue therapy. (NCT02099110)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -35.73 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -36.91 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -25.56 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg + Sitagliptin 100 mg | -43.96 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg + Sitagliptin 100 mg | -48.70 |
This change from baseline reflects the Week 26 systolic blood pressure minus the Week 0 systolic blood pressure. Excluding recue approach data analysis excluded all data following the initiation of rescue therapy at any time point, in order to avoid the confounding influence of the rescue therapy. (NCT02099110)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mm Hg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -3.89 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -3.69 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -0.66 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg + Sitagliptin 100 mg | -3.42 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg + Sitagliptin 100 mg | -3.67 |
Static beta-cell sensitivity to glucose index (SBCSGI) estimates the ratio of insulin secretion (expressed in pmol/min) related to above-basal glucose concentration (expressed in mmol/L * L) following a meal. Blood samples were collected before and after a standard meal and glucose, insulin, and C-peptide levels were analyzed. The C-peptides minimal model was used to estimate the insulin secretion rate (ISR). Analysis included both non-model-based [including insulinogenic index with C-peptide, glucose area under the curve (AUC)/insulin AUC] and model-based [beta cell function and insulin secretion rate at 9 mM glucose] testing. Analysis was performed with non-linear least squares using the Software Architecture Analysis Method (SAAM) II software. SBCSGI was expressed in units of 10^-9 min^-1. Excluding rescue approach data analysis excluded all data following the initiation of rescue therapy at any time point, in order to avoid the confounding influence of the rescue therapy. (NCT02099110)
Timeframe: 30 min. before and 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 minutes following the start of the standard meal at Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | SBCSGI (10^-9min^-1) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 8.62 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 9.71 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 21.11 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg + Sitagliptin 100 mg | 16.24 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg + Sitagliptin 100 mg | 11.51 |
A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over a prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). Excluding recue approach data analysis excluded all data following the initiation of rescue therapy at any time point, in order to avoid the confounding influence of the rescue therapy. (NCT02099110)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 26.4 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 31.9 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 32.8 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg + Sitagliptin 100 mg | 52.3 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg + Sitagliptin 100 mg | 49.2 |
An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure, that occurs during the course of the study. Including rescue approach data analysis included data following the initiation of rescue therapy. (NCT02099110)
Timeframe: Up to 52 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 3.2 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 3.2 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 2.8 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg + Sitagliptin 100 mg | 3.3 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg + Sitagliptin 100 mg | 3.7 |
An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure, that occurs during the course of the study. Including rescue approach data analysis included data following the initiation of rescue therapy. (NCT02099110)
Timeframe: Up to 54 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 62.0 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 57.7 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 57.5 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg + Sitagliptin 100 mg | 58.8 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg + Sitagliptin 100 mg | 55.7 |
(NCT00366301)
Timeframe: 14 weeks
| Intervention | Percent CRP Reduction (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Pill | -19.0 |
| Metformin Pill | -16.1 |
| Insulin Glargine Plus Placebo Pill | -2.9 |
| Insulin Glargine Plus Metformin Pill | -20.1 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean change in HbA1c from Baseline to Week 104 for each treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus glimepiride) in the LS mean change. (NCT00968812)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 104
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | -0.65 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -0.74 |
| Glimepiride | -0.55 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean change in HbA1c from Baseline to Week 52 for each treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus glimepiride) in the LS mean change. (NCT00968812)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 52
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | -0.82 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -0.93 |
| Glimepiride | -0.81 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean percent change in body weight from Baseline to Week 52 for each treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus glimepiride) in the LS mean percent change. (NCT00968812)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 52
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | -4.2 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -4.7 |
| Glimepiride | 1.0 |
The table below shows the percentage of patients who experienced at least 1 documented hypoglycemic event from Baseline to Week 52 for each treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus glimepiride) in percentages. (NCT00968812)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 52
| Intervention | Percentage of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | 5.6 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | 4.9 |
| Glimepiride | 34.2 |
Primary Major Adverse Cardiac Events were defined as a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction and nonfatal stroke; these events were adjudicated by an independent cardiovascular endpoints committee. (NCT00968708)
Timeframe: From randomization until the adjudication cut-off date of May 31 2013 (maximum time on study was 41 months).
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 11.8 |
| Alogliptin | 11.3 |
Secondary MACE composite consisted of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or urgent revascularization due to unstable angina; these events were adjudicated by an independent cardiovascular endpoint committee. (NCT00968708)
Timeframe: From randomization until the adjudication cut-of date of May 31 2013 (maximum time on study was 41 months).
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 13.4 |
| Alogliptin | 12.7 |
We will use patient's peripheral blood derived CD34+ cells looking at number of CD34+ Endothelial Progenitor Cell as % of the total Mononuclear cell population. Post saxagliptin will be compared to pre saxagliptin measurement (NCT02024477)
Timeframe: Up to 12 weeks post saxagliptin
| Intervention | % of Mononuclear Cells (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 2.0 |
| Saxagliptin | 2.8 |
measured using a Tanita Body Composition Fat Analyzer scale, measured as percentage body fat (NCT02024477)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6 and 12 weeks post saxagliptin
| Intervention | % of Body fat (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Visit 1 - Baseline | Visit 2 - Week 6 | Visit 3 - Week 12 | |
| Placebo | 34 | 34 | 35 |
| Saxagliptin | 37 | 36.5 | 36 |
Arterial stiffness assessed using Vascular Flow and wave measurement equipment, SphygmoCor CP system from ATCOR. Reported as Augmentation Index adjusted for a heart rate of 75. Augmentation index (AIx) is a measure of systemic arterial stiffness derived from the ascending aortic pressure waveform. Lower the value, better correlated outcome as positive augmentation represents stiffer artery. (NCT02024477)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6 and 12 weeks post saxagliptin
| Intervention | Augmentation Index (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Visit 1: Baseline | Visit 2: Week 6 | Visit 3: Week 12 | |
| Placebo | 18.4 | 26 | 23.3 |
| Saxagliptin | 24.1 | 22.5 | 23.1 |
function of EPC cell as migration of CD34+ cells in response to SDF-1a ( 100 ng/mL). Results are expressed in fluorescence ratio between cells exposed to the chemotactic factor and cells exposed to chemo attractant-free media ( control) followed by lysis in presence of CyQuant GR dye. (NCT02024477)
Timeframe: Up to 12 weeks post saxagliptin Up to 12 weeks post saxagliptin: Visit 1 at Baseline, Visit 2 at 6 weeks, and Visit 3 at 12 weeks
| Intervention | Ratio (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Visit 1 - Week 0 | Visit 2 - Week 6 | Visit 3 - Week 12 | |
| Placebo | 1.2 | 1.05 | 1.0 |
| Saxagliptin | 1.05 | 1.55 | 1.2 |
ratio of LDL over HDL (NCT02024477)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6 and 12 weeks post saxagliptin
| Intervention | ratio of LDL over HDL (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Visit 1 - Baseline | Visit 2 - Week 6 | Visit 3 - Week 12 | |
| Placebo | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.1 |
| Saxagliptin | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 |
measuring HbA1c levels (NCT02024477)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6 and 12 weeks post saxagliptin
| Intervention | % of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Visit 1 - Baseline | Visit 2 - Week 6 | Visit 3 - Week 12 | |
| Placebo | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.5 |
| Saxagliptin | 7.0 | 6.8 | 6.7 |
(NCT02024477)
Timeframe: Baseline 6 and 12 weeks post saxagliptin
| Intervention | mg/L (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Visit 1 - Baseline | Visit 2 - Week 6 | Visit 3 - Week 12 | |
| Placebo | 2.4 | 2.9 | 2.9 |
| Saxagliptin | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.4 |
Calculated as estimated mean change in BMI (kg/m˄2) from baseline to Week 26 based on the statistical model. (NCT01620489)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | kg/m^2 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.8 mg | -0.88 |
| Placebo | -0.38 |
Calculated as the estimated mean change from baseline in HbA1c (%) after 26 Weeks of treatment based on the statistical model. (NCT01620489)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | percentage (%) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.8 mg | -1.05 |
| Placebo | -0.38 |
SMPG was measured before and 90 minutes after breakfast, lunch and dinner and at bedtime at Week 0, 12 and 26. A summary measure of the 7 values was derived for each applicable visit as the area under the curve divided by the period of time elapsed between the first and last measurement. The change from baseline to week 26 was estimated using the statistical model. (NCT01620489)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.8 mg | -1.59 |
| Placebo | -0.51 |
Calculated as the estimated ratio to baseline in eGFR (mL/min/1.73m˄2) after 26 Weeks of treatment based on the statistical model. (NCT01620489)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | mL/min/1.73m˄2 (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.8 mg | 0.99 |
| Placebo | 1.01 |
Calculated as estimated percentage of subjects achieving HbA1c <7.0% and no minor or severe hypoglycaemic episodes observed within 26 weeks of treatment based on the statistical model. (NCT01620489)
Timeframe: At week 26
| Intervention | percentage of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.8 mg | 33.23 |
| Placebo | 11.23 |
Calculated as estimated percentage of subjects achieving HbA1c <7.0% and no weight gain after 26 weeks of treatment based on the statistical model. (NCT01620489)
Timeframe: At week 26
| Intervention | percentage of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.8 mg | 46.03 |
| Placebo | 15.99 |
SMPG values were recorded at 7 time-points: before and 90 minutes after start of breakfast, lunch, and dinner, and at bedtime. Reported results are plasma glucose incremental profile from on-treatment without rescue medication observation period. The 'on-treatment' observation period was period where subject was considered to be exposed to trial product. The 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period was a subset of the 'on -treatment' observation period, where subjects did not receive any non-investigational antidiabetic medication (rescue medication). This period includes observations recorded at, or after date of first dose of trial product and not after the first occurrence of the following: the end-date of the 'on-treatment' observation period or initiation of rescue medication. The post-baseline responses are analysed using a mixed model for repeated measurements with treatment and country as fixed factors and baseline value as covariate, all nested within visit (NCT02648204)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 40
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | -0.77 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | -0.93 |
| Dulaglutide 0.75 mg | -0.44 |
| Dulaglutide 1.5 mg | -0.63 |
SMPG values were recorded at 7 time-points: before and 90 minutes after start of breakfast, lunch, and dinner, and at bedtime. Reported results are mean profile from on-treatment without rescue medication observation period. The 'on-treatment' observation period was period where the subject was considered to be exposed to trial product. The 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period was a subset of the 'on -treatment' observation period, where subjects did not receive any non-investigational antidiabetic medication (rescue medication). This period includes observations recorded at, or after the date of first dose of trial product and not after the first occurrence of the following: the end-date of the 'on-treatment' observation period or initiation of rescue medication. The post-baseline responses are analysed using a mixed model for repeated measurements with treatment and country as fixed factors and baseline value as covariate, all nested within visit. (NCT02648204)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 40
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | -2.43 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | -2.95 |
| Dulaglutide 0.75 mg | -1.99 |
| Dulaglutide 1.5 mg | -2.32 |
Results are based on the data from on-treatment without rescue medication observation period. The 'on-treatment' observation period was the period where the subject was considered to be exposed to trial product. The 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period was a subset of the 'on -treatment' observation period, where subjects did not receive any non-investigational antidiabetic medication (rescue medication). This period includes the observations recorded at, or after the date of first dose of trial product and not after the first occurrence of the following: the end-date of the 'on-treatment' observation period or initiation of rescue medication. The post-baseline responses are analysed using a mixed model for repeated measurements with treatment and country as fixed factors and baseline value as covariate, all nested within visit. Change from baseline is presented in terms of ratio to baseline value. (NCT02648204)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 40
| Intervention | ratio to baseline (Geometric Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | 1.17 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 1.22 |
| Dulaglutide 0.75 mg | 1.16 |
| Dulaglutide 1.5 mg | 1.20 |
Results are based on the data from on-treatment without rescue medication observation period. The 'on-treatment' observation period was the period where the subject was considered to be exposed to trial product. The 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period was a subset of the 'on -treatment' observation period, where subjects did not receive any non-investigational antidiabetic medication (rescue medication). This period includes the observations recorded at, or after the date of first dose of trial product and not after the first occurrence of the following: the end-date of the 'on-treatment' observation period or initiation of rescue medication. The post-baseline responses are analysed using a mixed model for repeated measurements with treatment and country as fixed factors and baseline value as covariate, all nested within visit. (NCT02648204)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 40
| Intervention | kg/m^2 (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | -1.63 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | -2.33 |
| Dulaglutide 0.75 mg | -0.82 |
| Dulaglutide 1.5 mg | -1.08 |
Results are based on body weight data from on-treatment without rescue medication observation period. The 'on-treatment' observation period was the period where the subject was considered to be exposed to trial product. The 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period was a subset of the 'on -treatment' observation period, where subjects did not receive any non-investigational antidiabetic medication (rescue medication). This period includes the observations recorded at, or after the date of first dose of trial product and not after the first occurrence of the following: the end-date of the 'on-treatment' observation period or initiation of rescue medication. (NCT02648204)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 40
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | -4.56 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | -6.53 |
| Dulaglutide 0.75 mg | -2.30 |
| Dulaglutide 1.5 mg | -2.98 |
Results are based on the data from on-treatment without rescue medication observation period. The 'on-treatment' observation period was the period where the subject was considered to be exposed to trial product. The 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period was a subset of the 'on -treatment' observation period, where subjects did not receive any non-investigational antidiabetic medication (rescue medication). This period includes the observations recorded at, or after the date of first dose of trial product and not after the first occurrence of the following: the end-date of the 'on-treatment' observation period or initiation of rescue medication. The post-baseline responses are analysed using a mixed model for repeated measurements with treatment and country as fixed factors and baseline value as covariate, all nested within visit. Change from baseline is presented in terms of ratio to baseline value. (NCT02648204)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 40
| Intervention | ratio to baseline (Geometric Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | 0.99 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 1.01 |
| Dulaglutide 0.75 mg | 1.00 |
| Dulaglutide 1.5 mg | 1.02 |
Results are based on the data from on-treatment without rescue medication observation period. The 'on-treatment' observation period was the period where the subject was considered to be exposed to trial product. The 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period was a subset of the 'on -treatment' observation period, where subjects did not receive any non-investigational antidiabetic medication (rescue medication). This period includes the observations recorded at, or after the date of first dose of trial product and not after the first occurrence of the following: the end-date of the 'on-treatment' observation period or initiation of rescue medication. The post-baseline responses are analysed using a mixed model for repeated measurements with treatment and country as fixed factors and baseline value as covariate, all nested within visit. Change from baseline is presented in terms of ratio to baseline value. (NCT02648204)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 40
| Intervention | ratio to baseline (Geometric Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | 0.97 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 1.00 |
| Dulaglutide 0.75 mg | 0.97 |
| Dulaglutide 1.5 mg | 1.01 |
Results are based on the data from on-treatment without rescue medication observation period. The 'on-treatment' observation period was the period where the subject was considered to be exposed to trial product. The 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period was a subset of the 'on -treatment' observation period, where subjects did not receive any non-investigational antidiabetic medication (rescue medication). This period includes the observations recorded at, or after the date of first dose of trial product and not after the first occurrence of the following: the end-date of the 'on-treatment' observation period or initiation of rescue medication. The post-baseline responses are analysed using a mixed model for repeated measurements with treatment and country as fixed factors and baseline value as covariate, all nested within visit. Change from baseline is presented in terms of ratio to baseline value. (NCT02648204)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 40
| Intervention | ratio to baseline (Geometric Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | 0.96 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 0.97 |
| Dulaglutide 0.75 mg | 0.97 |
| Dulaglutide 1.5 mg | 0.99 |
Results are based on the data from on-treatment without rescue medication observation period. The 'on-treatment' observation period was the period where the subject was considered to be exposed to trial product. The 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period was a subset of the 'on -treatment' observation period, where subjects did not receive any non-investigational antidiabetic medication (rescue medication). This period includes the observations recorded at, or after the date of first dose of trial product and not after the first occurrence of the following: the end-date of the 'on-treatment' observation period or initiation of rescue medication. The post-baseline responses are analysed using a mixed model for repeated measurements with treatment and country as fixed factors and baseline value as covariate, all nested within visit. Change from baseline is presented in terms of ratio to baseline value. (NCT02648204)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 40
| Intervention | ratio to baseline (Geometric Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | 0.91 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 0.86 |
| Dulaglutide 0.75 mg | 0.91 |
| Dulaglutide 1.5 mg | 0.90 |
Results are based on fasting plasma glucose data from on-treatment without rescue medication observation period. The 'on-treatment' observation period was the period where the subject was considered to be exposed to trial product. The 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period was a subset of the 'on -treatment' observation period, where subjects did not receive any non-investigational antidiabetic medication (rescue medication). This period includes the observations recorded at, or after the date of first dose of trial product and not after the first occurrence of the following: the end-date of the 'on-treatment' observation period or initiation of rescue medication. (NCT02648204)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 40
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | -2.18 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | -2.83 |
| Dulaglutide 0.75 mg | -1.87 |
| Dulaglutide 1.5 mg | -2.25 |
Results are based on HbA1c data from on-treatment without rescue medication observation period. The 'on-treatment' observation period was the period where the subject was considered to be exposed to trial product. The 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period was a subset of the 'on-treatment' observation period, where subjects did not receive any non-investigational antidiabetic medication (rescue medication). This period includes the observations recorded at, or after the date of first dose of trial product and not after the first occurrence of the following: the end-date of the 'on-treatment' observation period or initiation of rescue medication. The post-baseline responses are analysed using a mixed model for repeated measurements with treatment and country as fixed factors and baseline value as covariate, all nested within visit. (NCT02648204)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 40
| Intervention | percentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | -1.51 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | -1.78 |
| Dulaglutide 0.75 mg | -1.11 |
| Dulaglutide 1.5 mg | -1.37 |
Results are based on the data from on-treatment without rescue medication observation period. The 'on-treatment' observation period was the period where the subject was considered to be exposed to trial product. The 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period was a subset of the 'on -treatment' observation period, where subjects did not receive any non-investigational antidiabetic medication (rescue medication). This period includes the observations recorded at, or after the date of first dose of trial product and not after the first occurrence of the following: the end-date of the 'on-treatment' observation period or initiation of rescue medication. The post-baseline responses are analysed using a mixed model for repeated measurements with treatment and country as fixed factors and baseline value as covariate, all nested within visit. Change from baseline is presented in terms of ratio to baseline value. (NCT02648204)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 40
| Intervention | ratio to baseline (Geometric Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | 1.22 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 1.32 |
| Dulaglutide 0.75 mg | 1.23 |
| Dulaglutide 1.5 mg | 1.29 |
The questionnaire contains 8 items and evaluates subjects' diabetes treatment in terms of convenience, flexibility and general feelings towards treatment. The result presented is 'Treatment Satisfaction' summary score (sum of 6 of the 8 items). Response options: 6 (best case) to 0 (worst case). Total scores range: 0-36. Higher scores=higher satisfaction. Results are based on data from on-treatment without rescue medication observation period. The 'on-treatment' observation period was period where subject was considered to be exposed to trial product. The 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period was a subset of the 'on -treatment' observation period, where subjects did not receive any non-investigational antidiabetic medication (rescue medication). This includes observations recorded at, or after the date of first dose of trial product and not after first occurrence of following: the end-date of the 'on-treatment' observation period or initiation of rescue medication (NCT02648204)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 40
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | 4.60 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 4.55 |
| Dulaglutide 0.75 mg | 4.52 |
| Dulaglutide 1.5 mg | 4.65 |
Results are based on the data from on-treatment without rescue medication observation period. The 'on-treatment' observation period was the period where the subject was considered to be exposed to trial product. The 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period was a subset of the 'on -treatment' observation period, where subjects did not receive any non-investigational antidiabetic medication (rescue medication). This period includes the observations recorded at, or after the date of first dose of trial product and not after the first occurrence of the following: the end-date of the 'on-treatment' observation period or initiation of rescue medication. The post-baseline responses are analysed using a mixed model for repeated measurements with treatment and country as fixed factors and baseline value as covariate, all nested within visit. (NCT02648204)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 40
| Intervention | beats/min (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | 2.09 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 3.96 |
| Dulaglutide 0.75 mg | 1.56 |
| Dulaglutide 1.5 mg | 2.42 |
Results are based on the data from on-treatment without rescue medication observation period. The 'on-treatment' observation period was the period where the subject was considered to be exposed to trial product. The 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period was a subset of the 'on -treatment' observation period, where subjects did not receive any non-investigational antidiabetic medication (rescue medication). This period includes the observations recorded at, or after the date of first dose of trial product and not after the first occurrence of the following: the end-date of the 'on-treatment' observation period or initiation of rescue medication. The post-baseline responses are analysed using a mixed model for repeated measurements with treatment and country as fixed factors and baseline value as covariate, all nested within visit. (NCT02648204)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 40
| Intervention | cm (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | -4.27 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | -5.20 |
| Dulaglutide 0.75 mg | -2.36 |
| Dulaglutide 1.5 mg | -2.93 |
A TEAE was defined as an AE with onset in the 'on-treatment' period (information collected while subjects were considered as exposed to trial product). This corresponded to information collected until the follow-up (5 weeks after the last treatment including a visit window of +7 days). (NCT02648204)
Timeframe: 40 weeks + follow-up of 5 weeks
| Intervention | events (Number) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | 966 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 1015 |
| Dulaglutide 0.75 mg | 802 |
| Dulaglutide 1.5 mg | 957 |
A treatment emergent hypoglycaemic episode was defined as an episode with onset in the 'on-treatment' period (information collected while subjects were considered as exposed to trial product). This corresponded to information collected until the follow-up (5 weeks after the last treatment including a visit window of +7 days). Severe or BG-confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia was defined as an episode that was severe according to the American Diabetes Association classification or BG-confirmed by a plasma glucose value <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. (NCT02648204)
Timeframe: 40 weeks + follow-up of 5 weeks
| Intervention | hypoglycaemic episodes (Number) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | 3 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 7 |
| Dulaglutide 0.75 mg | 3 |
| Dulaglutide 1.5 mg | 5 |
Percentage of subjects with treatment emergent severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes. A treatment emergent hypoglycaemic episode was defined as an episode with onset in the 'on-treatment' period (information collected while subjects were considered as exposed to trial product). This corresponded to information collected until the follow-up (5 weeks after the last treatment including a visit window of +7 days). Severe or BG-confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia was defined as an episode that was severe according to the American Diabetes Association classification or BG-confirmed by a plasma glucose value <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. (NCT02648204)
Timeframe: 40 weeks + follow-up of 5 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | 0.7 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 1.7 |
| Dulaglutide 0.75 mg | 1.0 |
| Dulaglutide 1.5 mg | 1.7 |
The questionnaire contains 36 items across 8 domains and 2 summary scores. Score range: 0 (worst score) to 100 (best score). Results are based on the data from on-treatment without rescue medication observation period. The 'on-treatment' observation period was period where subject was considered to be exposed to trial product. The 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period was a subset of the 'on -treatment' observation period, where subjects did not receive any non-investigational antidiabetic medication (rescue medication). This period includes the observations recorded at, or after the date of first dose of trial product and not after the first occurrence of the following: the end-date of the 'on-treatment' observation period or initiation of rescue medication. The post-baseline responses are analysed using a mixed model for repeated measurements with treatment and country as fixed factors and baseline value as covariate, all nested within visit. (NCT02648204)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 40
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical component summary | Mental component summary | Physical functioning | Role-physical | Bodily pain | General health | Vitality | Social functioning | Role-emotional | Mental health | |
| Dulaglutide 0.75 mg | 1.93 | 0.95 | 2.17 | 1.39 | 1.69 | 1.86 | 2.14 | 0.78 | 1.04 | 1.43 |
| Dulaglutide 1.5 mg | 1.29 | 1.08 | 1.05 | 0.82 | 0.77 | 2.73 | 1.83 | 0.63 | 1.08 | 0.96 |
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | 1.21 | 1.45 | 1.25 | 0.98 | 0.96 | 2.65 | 1.23 | 1.18 | 1.11 | 1.89 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 2.04 | 1.23 | 2.00 | 2.03 | 1.54 | 2.52 | 1.97 | 0.83 | 1.57 | 1.65 |
Results are based on systolic and diastolic blood pressure data from on-treatment without rescue medication observation period. The 'on-treatment' observation period was the period where the subject was considered to be exposed to trial product. The 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period was a subset of the 'on -treatment' observation period, where subjects did not receive any non-investigational antidiabetic medication (rescue medication). This period includes the observations recorded at, or after the date of first dose of trial product and not after the first occurrence of the following: the end-date of the 'on-treatment' observation period or initiation of rescue medication. (NCT02648204)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 40
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Diastolic BP | Systolic BP | |
| Dulaglutide 0.75 mg | -0.35 | -2.16 |
| Dulaglutide 1.5 mg | -0.03 | -2.86 |
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | -0.57 | -2.44 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | -2.05 | -4.88 |
Percentage of subjects who achieved HbA1c target below or equal to 6.5% (48 mmol/mol) after 40 weeks of treatment. Results are based on data from on-treatment without rescue medication period. The 'on-treatment' observation period was the period where the subject was considered to be exposed to trial product. The 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period was a subset of the 'on -treatment' observation period, where subjects did not receive any non-investigational antidiabetic medication (rescue medication). This period includes the observations recorded at, or after the date of first dose of trial product and not after the first occurrence of the following: the end-date of the 'on-treatment' observation period or initiation of rescue medication. Missing data imputed from a mixed model for repeated measurements with treatment and country as fixed factors and baseline value as covariate, all nested within visit. (NCT02648204)
Timeframe: After 40 weeks treatment
| Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Dulaglutide 0.75 mg | 34.1 | 65.9 |
| Dulaglutide 1.5 mg | 47.2 | 52.8 |
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | 49.2 | 50.8 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 66.7 | 33.3 |
Percentage of subjects who achieved HbA1c target below or equal to <7.0% (53 mmol/mol) after 40 weeks of treatment. Results are based on data from on-treatment without rescue medication period. The 'on-treatment' observation period was the period where the subject was considered to be exposed to trial product. The 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period was a subset of the 'on -treatment' observation period, where subjects did not receive any non-investigational antidiabetic medication (rescue medication). This period includes the observations recorded at, or after the date of first dose of trial product and not after the first occurrence of the following: the end-date of the 'on-treatment' observation period or initiation of rescue medication. Missing data imputed from a mixed model for repeated measurements with treatment and country as fixed factors and baseline value as covariate, all nested within visit. (NCT02648204)
Timeframe: After 40 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Dulaglutide 0.75 mg | 52.2 | 47.8 |
| Dulaglutide 1.5 mg | 66.6 | 33.4 |
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | 68.4 | 31.6 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 78.7 | 21.3 |
Percentage of subjects achieved (yes/no) HbA1c <7.0% (53 mmol/mol) without severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia episodes and no weight gain after 40 weeks of treatment. Results are based on data from on-treatment without rescue medication observation period. The 'on-treatment' observation period was period where subject was considered to be exposed to trial product. The 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period was subset of 'on -treatment' observation period, where subjects did not receive any non-investigational antidiabetic medication (rescue medication). This period includes the observations recorded at, or after date of first dose of trial product and not after the first occurrence of the following: the end-date of the 'on-treatment' observation period or initiation of rescue medication. Missing data imputed from mixed model for repeated measurements with treatment and country as fixed factors and baseline value as covariate, all nested within visit (NCT02648204)
Timeframe: After 40 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Dulaglutide 0.75 mg | 44.1 | 55.9 |
| Dulaglutide 1.5 mg | 58.4 | 41.6 |
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | 64.5 | 35.5 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 74.0 | 26.0 |
Percentage of subjects who achieved (yes/no) HbA1c reduction of ≥1% after 40 weeks of treatment. Results are based on the data from on-treatment without rescue medication observation period. The 'on-treatment' observation period was the period where the subject was considered to be exposed to trial product. The 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period was a subset of the 'on -treatment' observation period, where subjects did not receive any non-investigational antidiabetic medication (rescue medication). This period includes the observations recorded at, or after the date of first dose of trial product and not after the first occurrence of the following: the end-date of the 'on-treatment' observation period or initiation of rescue medication. Missing data imputed from a mixed model for repeated measurements with treatment and country as fixed factors and baseline value as covariate, all nested within visit. (NCT02648204)
Timeframe: After 40 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Dulaglutide 0.75 mg | 53.8 | 46.2 |
| Dulaglutide 1.5 mg | 67.6 | 32.4 |
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | 77.4 | 22.6 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 83.3 | 16.7 |
Percentage of subjects who achieved (yes/no) HbA1c reduction ≥1% and weight loss ≥3% 40 weeks of treatment. Results are based on the data from on-treatment without rescue medication observation period. The 'on-treatment' observation period was the period where the subject was considered to be exposed to trial product. The 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period was a subset of the 'on -treatment' observation period, where subjects did not receive any non-investigational antidiabetic medication (rescue medication). This period includes the observations recorded at, or after the date of first dose of trial product and not after the first occurrence of the following: the end-date of the 'on-treatment' observation period or initiation of rescue medication. Missing data imputed from a mixed model for repeated measurements with treatment and country as fixed factors and baseline value as covariate, all nested within visit. (NCT02648204)
Timeframe: After 40 weeks treatment
| Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Dulaglutide 0.75 mg | 25.1 | 74.9 |
| Dulaglutide 1.5 mg | 34.9 | 65.1 |
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | 53.2 | 46.8 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 68.3 | 31.7 |
Percentage of subjects who achieved weight loss ≥10% after 40 weeks of treatment. Results are based on the data from on-treatment without rescue medication observation period. The 'on-treatment' observation period was the period where the subject was considered to be exposed to trial product. The 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period was a subset of the 'on -treatment' observation period, where subjects did not receive any non-investigational antidiabetic medication (rescue medication). This period includes the observations recorded at, or after the date of first dose of trial product and not after the first occurrence of the following: the end-date of the 'on-treatment' observation period or initiation of rescue medication. Missing data imputed from a mixed model for repeated measurements with treatment and country as fixed factors and baseline value as covariate, all nested within visit. (NCT02648204)
Timeframe: After 40 weeks treatment
| Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Dulaglutide 0.75 mg | 3.3 | 96.7 |
| Dulaglutide 1.5 mg | 7.7 | 92.3 |
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | 14.3 | 85.7 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 26.7 | 73.3 |
Percentage of subjects who achieved (yes/no) weight loss of ≥3% after 40 weeks of treatment. Results are based on the data from on-treatment without rescue medication observation period. The 'on-treatment' observation period was the period where the subject was considered to be exposed to trial product. The 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period was a subset of the 'on -treatment' observation period, where subjects did not receive any non-investigational antidiabetic medication (rescue medication). This period includes the observations recorded at, or after the date of first dose of trial product and not after the first occurrence of the following: the end-date of the 'on-treatment' observation period or initiation of rescue medication. Missing data imputed from a mixed model for repeated measurements with treatment and country as fixed factors and baseline value as covariate, all nested within visit. (NCT02648204)
Timeframe: After 40 weeks treatment
| Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Dulaglutide 0.75 mg | 36.5 | 63.5 |
| Dulaglutide 1.5 mg | 44.6 | 55.4 |
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | 64.5 | 35.5 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 76.7 | 23.3 |
Percentage of subjects who achieved weight loss ≥5% after 40 weeks of treatment. The 'on-treatment' observation period was the period where the subject was considered to be exposed to trial product. The 'on-treatment without rescue medication' observation period was a subset of the 'on -treatment' observation period, where subjects did not receive any non-investigational antidiabetic medication (rescue medication). This period includes the observations recorded at, or after the date of first dose of trial product and not after the first occurrence of the following: the end-date of the 'on-treatment' observation period or initiation of rescue medication. Missing data imputed from a mixed model for repeated measurements with treatment and country as fixed factors and baseline value as covariate, all nested within visit. (NCT02648204)
Timeframe: After 40 weeks treatment
| Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Dulaglutide 0.75 mg | 22.7 | 77.3 |
| Dulaglutide 1.5 mg | 30.2 | 69.8 |
| Semaglutide 0.5 mg | 43.9 | 56.1 |
| Semaglutide 1.0 mg | 63.0 | 37.0 |
Change in FPG from baseline (week 0) to week 52 (NCT02471404)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 52. Values recorded after rescue treatment or collected more than 8 days after the last dose date were excluded from the analysis
| Intervention | FPG (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapaglifozin 10mg | -1.62 |
| Saxagliptin 5mg and Dapagliflozin 10mg | -2.08 |
| Glimepiride 1mg/2mg/4mg | -1.49 |
Change in HbA1c from baseline (week 0) to week 52. (NCT02471404)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 52. Values recorded after rescue treatment or collected more than 8 days after the last dose date were excluded from the analysis
| Intervention | HbA1c % (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapaglifozin 10mg | -0.82 |
| Saxagliptin 5mg and Dapagliflozin 10mg | -1.2 |
| Glimepiride 1mg/2mg/4mg | -0.99 |
Change in body weight from baseline (week 0) to week 52 (NCT02471404)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 52. Values recorded after rescue treatment or collected more than 8 days after the last dose date were excluded from the analysis
| Intervention | Weight (kg) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapaglifozin 10mg | -3.54 |
| Saxagliptin 5mg and Dapagliflozin 10mg | -3.15 |
| Glimepiride 1mg/2mg/4mg | 1.76 |
Number (%) of patients rescued. (NCT02471404)
Timeframe: Over the 52 week treatment period
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Dapaglifozin 10mg | 18.6 |
| Saxagliptin 5mg and Dapagliflozin 10mg | 8.3 |
| Glimepiride 1mg/2mg/4mg | 21.4 |
Percentage of patients reporting at least 1 episode of hypoglycaemia (symptomatic + blood glucose <=50 mg/dL) during the double-blind treatment period (NCT02471404)
Timeframe: Up to Week 52. Values recorded after rescue treatment or collected more than 8 days after the last dose date were excluded from the analysis
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Dapaglifozin 10mg | 0 |
| Saxagliptin 5mg and Dapagliflozin 10mg | 0.32 |
| Glimepiride 1mg/2mg/4mg | 4.21 |
The time to rescue (from first dose date after randomisation to start of rescue medication or discontinuation due to lack of glycaemic control) during the 52 week double blind treatment period (NCT02471404)
Timeframe: Over the 52 week treatment period
| Intervention | Weeks (Median) |
|---|---|
| Dapaglifozin 10mg | NA |
| Saxagliptin 5mg and Dapagliflozin 10mg | NA |
| Glimepiride 1mg/2mg/4mg | NA |
Change from baseline in body weight for Metformin Background patients. (NCT01422876)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 Weeks
| Intervention | kg change from baseline (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin Background: Empagliflozin 25 mg/Linagliptin 5 mg | -2.99 |
| Metformin Background: Empagliflozin 10 mg/Linagliptin 5 mg | -2.60 |
| Metformin Background: Empagliflozin 25 mg | -3.18 |
| Metformin Background: Empagliflozin 10 mg | -2.53 |
| Metformin Background: Linagliptin 5 mg | -0.69 |
Change from baseline in body weight for Treatment Naive patients. (NCT01422876)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 Weeks
| Intervention | kg change from baseline (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Treatment Naive: Empagliflozin 25 mg/Linagliptin 5 mg | -2.00 |
| Treament Naive: Empagliflozin 10 mg/Linagliptin 5 mg | -2.74 |
| Treatment Naive: Empagliflozin 25 mg | -2.13 |
| Treatment Naive: Empagliflozin 10 mg | -2.27 |
| Treatment Naive: Linagliptin 5 mg | -0.78 |
Change from baseline in fasting plasma glucose at week 24 for Metformin Background patients. (NCT01422876)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 Weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL change from baseline (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin Background: Empagliflozin 25 mg/Linagliptin 5 mg | -35.25 |
| Metformin Background: Empagliflozin 10 mg/Linagliptin 5 mg | -32.18 |
| Metformin Background: Empagliflozin 25 mg | -18.83 |
| Metformin Background: Empagliflozin 10 mg | -20.84 |
| Metformin Background: Linagliptin 5 mg | -13.05 |
Change from baseline in fasting plasma glucose at week 24 for Treatment Naive patients. (NCT01422876)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 Weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL change from baseline (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Treatment Naive: Empagliflozin 25 mg/Linagliptin 5 mg | -29.55 |
| Treament Naive: Empagliflozin 10 mg/Linagliptin 5 mg | -28.21 |
| Treatment Naive: Empagliflozin 25 mg | -24.24 |
| Treatment Naive: Empagliflozin 10 mg | -22.39 |
| Treatment Naive: Linagliptin 5 mg | -5.92 |
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a measurement of the percentage of hemoglobin that is glycated. The change from baseline in HbA1c is calculated as the week 24 HbA1c minus the baseline HbA1c. Since HbA1c is measured as a percentage the change from baseline is also a percentage. (NCT01422876)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 weeks
| Intervention | % change from baseline (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin Background: Empagliflozin 25 mg/Linagliptin 5 mg | -1.19 |
| Metformin Background: Empagliflozin 10 mg/Linagliptin 5 mg | -1.08 |
| Metformin Background: Empagliflozin 25 mg | -0.62 |
| Metformin Background: Empagliflozin 10 mg | -0.66 |
| Metformin Background: Linagliptin 5 mg | -0.70 |
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a measurement of the percentage of hemoglobin that is glycated. The change from baseline in HbA1c is calculated as the week 24 HbA1c minus the baseline HbA1c. Since HbA1c is measured as a percentage the change from baseline is also a percentage. (NCT01422876)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 weeks
| Intervention | % change from baseline (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Treatment Naive: Empagliflozin 25 mg/Linagliptin 5 mg | -1.08 |
| Treament Naive: Empagliflozin 10 mg/Linagliptin 5 mg | -1.24 |
| Treatment Naive: Empagliflozin 25 mg | -0.95 |
| Treatment Naive: Empagliflozin 10 mg | -0.83 |
| Treatment Naive: Linagliptin 5 mg | -0.67 |
Occurrence of the treat-to-target efficacy response for Metformin Background patients measured as HbA1c < 7.0% after 24 weeks of treatment for patients with HbA1c >=7.0% at baseline. (NCT01422876)
Timeframe: 24 Weeks
| Intervention | % of patients satisfying HbA1c <7.0% (Number) |
|---|---|
| Metformin Background: Empagliflozin 25 mg/Linagliptin 5 mg | 61.8 |
| Metformin Background: Empagliflozin 10 mg/Linagliptin 5 mg | 57.8 |
| Metformin Background: Empagliflozin 25 mg | 32.6 |
| Metformin Background: Empagliflozin 10 mg | 28.0 |
| Metformin Background: Linagliptin 5 mg | 36.1 |
Occurrence of the treat-to-target efficacy response for Treatment Naive patients measured as HbA1c < 7.0% after 24 weeks of treatment for patients with HbA1c >=7.0% at baseline. (NCT01422876)
Timeframe: 24 Weeks
| Intervention | % of patients satisfying HbA1c <7.0% (Number) |
|---|---|
| Treatment Naive: Empagliflozin 25 mg/Linagliptin 5 mg | 55.4 |
| Treament Naive: Empagliflozin 10 mg/Linagliptin 5 mg | 62.3 |
| Treatment Naive: Empagliflozin 25 mg | 41.5 |
| Treatment Naive: Empagliflozin 10 mg | 38.8 |
| Treatment Naive: Linagliptin 5 mg | 32.3 |
Change in body weight standard deviation score (SDS) from baseline to week 26. In order to reduce the variability in body weight measurements, SDS were calculated. SDS for weight was derived by comparing the actual measurements with standard growth charts for the United States. Standard values provided by the standard growth charts according to the subject's sex and age at the time of the measurement were used to calculate the SDS. (NCT02131272)
Timeframe: week 0, week 26
| Intervention | standard deviation score (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Detemir + Metformin + Diet/Exercise | 0.006 |
| Insulin NPH + Metformin + Diet/Exercise | 0.098 |
Estimated mean change in HbA1c (glycosylated haemoglobin) from baseline to week 26. (NCT02131272)
Timeframe: week 0, week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Detemir + Metformin + Diet/Exercise | -0.64 |
| Insulin NPH + Metformin + Diet/Exercise | -0.81 |
The total number of treatment emergent adverse events (the onset of the adverse event is on or after the first day of trial product administration, and no later than 7 days after the last day of trial product administration) reported during the 26 weeks of treatment. (NCT02131272)
Timeframe: weeks 0 - 26
| Intervention | Number of events (Number) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Detemir + Metformin + Diet/Exercise | 30 |
| Insulin NPH + Metformin + Diet/Exercise | 41 |
Proportion of subjects achieving HbA1c <7.0% is presented as percentage of subjects achieving HbA1c <7.0%, who have not experienced any treatment emergent severe hypoglycaemic episodes (an episode requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or take other corrective actions) within the last 14 weeks of treatment. (NCT02131272)
Timeframe: At week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Detemir + Metformin + Diet/Exercise | 25.0 |
| Insulin NPH + Metformin + Diet/Exercise | 33.3 |
Proportion of subjects achieving HbA1c below 7.5% is presented as percentage of subjects achieving HbA1c <7.5%, who have not experienced any treatment emergent severe hypoglycaemic episodes (an episode requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or take other corrective actions) within the last 14 weeks of treatment. (NCT02131272)
Timeframe: At week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Detemir + Metformin + Diet/Exercise | 30.0 |
| Insulin NPH + Metformin + Diet/Exercise | 38.1 |
The total number of blood glucose confirmed symptomatic nocturnal (time of onset between 23:00 and 06.59 both inclusive) severe (an episode requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or take other corrective actions) or blood glucose confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes (plasma glucose value <3.1 mmol/L [56 mg/dL] with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia) experienced by the subjects during the trial. (NCT02131272)
Timeframe: Weeks 0 - 26
| Intervention | Number of episodes (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Severe | Blood glucose confirmed symptomatic | |
| Insulin Detemir + Metformin + Diet/Exercise | 0 | 0 |
| Insulin NPH + Metformin + Diet/Exercise | 0 | 1 |
Total number of treatment emergent severe (an episode requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or take other corrective actions) or blood glucose confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes (plasma glucose value <3.1 mmol/L [56 mg/dL] with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia) experienced by the subjects during the trial. (NCT02131272)
Timeframe: Weeks 0 - 26
| Intervention | Number of episodes (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Severe | Blood glucose confirmed symptomatic | |
| Insulin Detemir + Metformin + Diet/Exercise | 0 | 4 |
| Insulin NPH + Metformin + Diet/Exercise | 0 | 12 |
PET measurements of myocardial glucose uptake will be done after 3 months of exposure to liraglutide, insulin detemir, or liraglutide plus insulin detemir (NCT01232946)
Timeframe: 3 months
| Intervention | umol/g/min (Median) |
|---|---|
| Iiraglutide | 0.00274 |
| Insulin Detemir | 0.00358 |
| Liraglutide Plus Insulin Detemir | 0.00146 |
PET measurements of myocardial glucose uptake will be done after 3 months of exposure to liraglutide, insulin detemir, or liraglutide plus insulin detemir (NCT01232946)
Timeframe: 3 months
| Intervention | umol/g/min (Median) |
|---|---|
| Iiraglutide | 0.1019 |
| Insulin Detemir | 0.1234 |
| Liraglutide Plus Insulin Detemir | 0.0992 |
PET measurements of myocardial glucose uptake will be done after 3 months of exposure to liraglutide, insulin detemir, or liraglutide plus insulin detemir (NCT01232946)
Timeframe: 3 months
| Intervention | umol/g/min (Median) |
|---|---|
| Iiraglutide | 0.055 |
| Insulin Detemir | 0.0399 |
| Liraglutide Plus Insulin Detemir | 0.0373 |
(NCT02429258)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 4
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | -49.5 |
| Placebo | -13.2 |
(NCT02429258)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 4
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | -18.2 |
| Placebo | 5.8 |
(NCT02429258)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 4
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | -50.9 |
| Placebo | -10.0 |
(NCT02429258)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 4
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | -26.2 |
| Placebo | 3.6 |
(NCT02429258)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 4
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | -20.4 |
| Placebo | -9.6 |
(NCT02429258)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 4
| Intervention | % Alc (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | -0.51 |
| Placebo | -0.28 |
(NCT02429258)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 4
| Intervention | Change in percentage (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 0.3 |
| Placebo | -0.6 |
(NCT02429258)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 4
| Intervention | Change in percentage (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | -12.6 |
| Placebo | 3.5 |
(NCT02429258)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 4
| Intervention | Change in percentage (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 12.2 |
| Placebo | -2.8 |
(NCT02429258)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 4
| Intervention | 10^-9 min^-1 (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 8.4 |
| Placebo | 1.4 |
(NCT02429258)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 4
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | -10.0 |
| Placebo | 5.3 |
(NCT02526524)
Timeframe: Baseline and 16 weeks after the first dose of study medication
| Intervention | % glycated haemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| 600 mg Met DR qAM | -0.33 |
| 900 mg Met DR qAM | -0.40 |
| 1200 mg Met DR qAM | -0.49 |
| 1500 mg Met DR qAM | -0.62 |
| Placebo | -0.06 |
| 2000 mg Met IR | -1.10 |
Baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. PPG measurements were obtained at week 24 in the doubleblind period, including observations prior to rescue. (NCT01606007)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and at Week 24
| Intervention | MG/DL PPG (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1: Saxagliptin+Metformin XR+Placebo | -35.6 |
| Arm 2: Dapagliflozin+Metformin XR+Placebo | -70.4 |
| Arm 3: Saxagliptin+Dapagliflozin+Metformin XR | -79.6 |
Baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. Body weight measurements were obtained at Week 24 in the doubleblind period, including observations prior to rescue. (NCT01606007)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and at Week 24
| Intervention | Body weight Kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1: Saxagliptin+Metformin XR+Placebo | 0.00 |
| Arm 2: Dapagliflozin+Metformin XR+Placebo | -2.39 |
| Arm 3: Saxagliptin+Dapagliflozin+Metformin XR | -2.05 |
Baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. FPG measurements were obtained at Week 24 in the doubleblind period, including observations prior to rescue. (NCT01606007)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and at Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1: Saxagliptin+Metformin XR+Placebo | -14.0 |
| Arm 2: Dapagliflozin+Metformin XR+Placebo | -31.7 |
| Arm 3: Saxagliptin+Dapagliflozin+Metformin XR | -37.8 |
HbA1c was measured as percent of hemoglobin by a central laboratory. Baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. HbA1c measurements were obtained at Week 24 in the double-blind period, including observations prior to rescue. (NCT01606007)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 0) and at Week 24
| Intervention | % HbA1c (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1: Saxagliptin+Metformin XR+Placebo | -0.88 |
| Arm 2: Dapagliflozin+Metformin XR+Placebo | -1.20 |
| Arm 3: Saxagliptin+Dapagliflozin+Metformin XR | -1.47 |
Therapeutic glycemic response is defined as HbA1c <7.0%. Data after rescue medication was excluded from this analysis. HbA1c was measured as a percent of hemoglobin. (NCT01606007)
Timeframe: At Week 24
| Intervention | % of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1: Saxagliptin+Metformin XR+Placebo | 18.3 |
| Arm 2: Dapagliflozin+Metformin XR+Placebo | 22.2 |
| Arm 3: Saxagliptin+Dapagliflozin+Metformin XR | 41.4 |
A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time. Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 30 A1C minus the Week 0 A1C. (NCT02738879)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 30
| Intervention | Percent A1C (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -1.88 |
| Placebo | -1.42 |
Blood glucose was measured on a fasting basis. Blood was drawn at predose on Day 1 and after 30 weeks of treatment to determine change in plasma glucose levels (i.e., FPG at Week 30 minus FPG at Week 0). (NCT02738879)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 30
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -84.8 |
| Placebo | -78.3 |
Change from baseline reflects the Week 30 total daily insulin dose minus the Week 0 total daily insulin dose. The Week 0 total daily insulin dose was 0, by definition, because insulin was not administered at baseline. (NCT02738879)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 30
| Intervention | Insulin Units (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 53.2 |
| Placebo | 61.3 |
Documented hypoglycemia is defined by a measured (e.g., by fingerstick) plasma glucose concentration <56 mg/dL (≤3.1 mmol/L). The event rate was the total number of events divided by follow-up time (participant-years), including multiple events from the same participant. (NCT02738879)
Timeframe: Up to 30 weeks
| Intervention | Events/Participant-Years (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 0.30 |
| Placebo | 0.36 |
Documented hypoglycemia is defined by a measured (e.g., by fingerstick) plasma glucose concentration ≤70 mg/dL (≤3.9 mmol/L). The event rate was the total number of events divided by follow-up time (participant-years), including multiple events from the same participant. (NCT02738879)
Timeframe: Up to 30 weeks
| Intervention | Events/Participant-Years (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 5.05 |
| Placebo | 6.21 |
Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia is defined as an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycemia are accompanied by a measured (e.g., by fingerstick) plasma glucose concentration <56 mg/dL (≤3.1 mmol/L). The event rate was the total number of events divided by follow-up time (participant-years), including multiple events from the same participant. (NCT02738879)
Timeframe: Up to 30 weeks
| Intervention | Events/Participant-Years (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 0.17 |
| Placebo | 0.22 |
Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia is defined as an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycemia are accompanied by a measured (e.g., by fingerstick) plasma glucose concentration ≤70 mg/dL (≤3.9 mmol/L). The event rate was the total number of events divided by follow-up time (participant-years), including multiple events from the same participant. (NCT02738879)
Timeframe: Up to 30 weeks
| Intervention | Events/Participant-Years (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 1.55 |
| Placebo | 2.12 |
An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure, that occurs during the course of the study. (NCT02738879)
Timeframe: Up to 30 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 1.3 |
| Placebo | 1.6 |
An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure, that occurs during the course of the study. (NCT02738879)
Timeframe: Up to 32 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 57.9 |
| Placebo | 60.0 |
A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time. Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. (NCT02738879)
Timeframe: Week 30
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 15.3 |
| Placebo | 10.0 |
A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time. Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. (NCT02738879)
Timeframe: Week 30
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 54.2 |
| Placebo | 35.4 |
Documented hypoglycemia is defined by a measured (e.g., by fingerstick) plasma glucose concentration <56 mg/dL (≤3.1 mmol/L). (NCT02738879)
Timeframe: Up to 30 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 12.4 |
| Placebo | 13.6 |
Documented hypoglycemia is defined by a measured (e.g., by fingerstick) plasma glucose concentration ≤70 mg/dL (≤3.9 mmol/L). (NCT02738879)
Timeframe: Up to 30 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 66.8 |
| Placebo | 68.0 |
Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia is defined as an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycemia are accompanied by a measured (e.g., by fingerstick) plasma glucose concentration <56 mg/dL (≤3.1 mmol/L). (NCT02738879)
Timeframe: Up to 30 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 7.6 |
| Placebo | 8.3 |
Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia is defined as an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycemia are accompanied by a measured (e.g., by fingerstick) plasma glucose concentration ≤70 mg/dL (≤3.9 mmol/L). The incidence (number of participants with ≥1 event divided by number of participants) of documented symptomatic hypoglycemia was determined. (NCT02738879)
Timeframe: Up to 30 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 33.5 |
| Placebo | 37.7 |
Neonatal fat mass measured by skin-fold thickness (anthropometrics).The circumference of the upper limb is the circumference of the upper arm, and the circumference of the lower limb equals the mean of the circumferences measured at the midthigh and calf. The volume of the subcutaneous layer of fat covering each cylinder is estimated by multiplying the length times the circumference times the layer of fat estimated by the skinfold measures. The triceps skinfold measure is used as an estimate of the fat thickness of the limbs, and the subscapular skinfold measure approximates the fat thickness of the trunk. Total body fat is estimated by summing the volumes of fat covering each of the cylinders and multiplying by 0.9 (the density of fat). (NCT02932475)
Timeframe: Within 72 hrs of birth
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Maternal Metformin | 0.46 |
| Maternal Placebo | 0.5 |
"Participants with one or more of the following:~capillary blood glucose level of < 30 mg/dL or capillary blood glucose requiring medical treatment, or~Birth trauma (umbilical cord artery pH < 7.0 or shoulder dystocia with brachial plexus injury), or~Hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy, or~Deliver < 37 weeks' gestation, or~Miscarry, are stillborn, experience a neonatal demise, or~Large for gestational age infant (birth weight > 90th percentile for gestational age), or~Small for gestational age infant (birth weight < 10th percentile for gestational age) or low birth weight (< 2500 gm)" (NCT02932475)
Timeframe: An average of 48 hours for term infants and 30 days for preterm infants
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Metformin | 269 |
| Placebo | 277 |
Adverse maternal outcomes. (NCT02932475)
Timeframe: An average of 48 hours following delivery
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any adverse event leading to early study agent discontinuation | Any adverse event associated with maternal death | Any adverse event associated with fetal death | Any maternal serious adverse event | Any maternal non-serious adverse event | |
| Metformin | 13 | 2 | 10 | 113 | 149 |
| Placebo | 20 | 1 | 10 | 111 | 157 |
Adverse neonatal outcomes (NCT02932475)
Timeframe: up to 28 days of life
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| Any neonatal serious adverse event | Any neonatal non-serious adverse event | |
| Maternal Metformin | 81 | 157 |
| Maternal Placebo | 105 | 162 |
"Secondary outcome of maternal side effects were defined as:~clinically relevant hypoglycemia defined as capillary blood glucose < 60 or < 80 with symptoms~GI side effects defined as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea" (NCT02932475)
Timeframe: Throughout study until delivery at 40 weeks gestation
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| Clinically relevant hypoglycemia | Gastrointestinal side effects | |
| Metformin | 87 | 182 |
| Placebo | 85 | 171 |
Plasma glucose was measured on a fasting basis and is expressed as mg/dL. Blood was drawn predose on Day 1 and after 20 weeks of treatment to determine change in FPG levels. The change from baseline represents the Week 20 FPG value minus the Week 0 (baseline) FPG value. (NCT02791490)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -29.3 |
| Placebo | -16.9 |
Hemoglobin A1C is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time. Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. The change from baseline represents the Week 20 A1C value minus the Week 0 (baseline) A1C value. (NCT02791490)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | A1C (%) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -1.10 |
| Placebo | -0.69 |
Participants who met pre-specified criteria for glycemic rescue received appropriate rescue therapy. The choice of anti-hyperglycemic rescue agent, dose, and regimen was directed by the investigator, as clinically appropriate. (NCT02791490)
Timeframe: Up to 20 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 1.3 |
| Placebo | 3.1 |
An adverse event (AE) is any untoward medical occurrence in a study participant administered a pharmaceutical product that does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign, symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not related to the medicinal product. (NCT02791490)
Timeframe: Up to 20 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 0.9 |
| Placebo | 0.0 |
An adverse event (AE) is any untoward medical occurrence in a study participant administered a pharmaceutical product that does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign, symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not related to the medicinal product. (NCT02791490)
Timeframe: Up to 22 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 44.1 |
| Placebo | 45.9 |
Hemoglobin A1C is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time. Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. (NCT02791490)
Timeframe: Week 20
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 28.8 |
| Placebo | 16.6 |
Hemoglobin A1C is a blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time. Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. (NCT02791490)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 15.6 |
| Placebo | 5.7 |
Blood was collected during each treatment period at pre-dose (fasted) on Day 1 (Hour 0) and post-dose (fed) on Day 1 at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5.5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 12.5, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, and 24 hours. (NCT01054300)
Timeframe: Up to 24 hours
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 1: Ertugliflozin 1 mg Twice Daily | 173.6 |
| Cohort 1: Ertugliflozin 2 mg Once Daily | 175.7 |
| Cohort 2: Ertugliflozin 2 mg Twice Daily | 169.1 |
| Cohort 2: Ertugliflozin 4 mg Once Daily | 170.4 |
Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameter of AUClast for study drug. Actual sample collection times (relative to the AM dose) were used for the pharmacokinetic analysis. (NCT01054300)
Timeframe: 0 predose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5.5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 18, 24 hours postdose
| Intervention | ng*hr/mL (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 1: Ertugliflozin 1 mg Twice Daily | 131.8 |
| Cohort 1: Ertugliflozin 2 mg Once Daily | 132.7 |
| Cohort 2: Ertugliflozin 2 mg Twice Daily | 272 |
| Cohort 2: Ertugliflozin 4 mg Once Daily | 270.5 |
Urine for analysis of glucose was collected at prespecified intervals. Each participant emptied his/her bladder just before dosing, and the collection started after the morning dose (collection times: 0-4 hours, 4-8 hours, 8-12 hours, and 12-24 hours after the morning dose). The average amount of urinary glucose excreted from 0 to 24 hours after the morning dose is presented in the table below. (NCT01054300)
Timeframe: 0 to 24 hours after the morning dose
| Intervention | Grams (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 1: Ertugliflozin 1 mg Twice Daily | 69.45 |
| Cohort 1: Ertugliflozin 2 mg Once Daily | 70.43 |
| Cohort 2: Ertugliflozin 2 mg Twice Daily | 78.29 |
| Cohort 2: Ertugliflozin 4 mg Once Daily | 80.54 |
The fasting c-peptide was analyzed by cohort using a mixed-effects model with sequence, period, and treatment as fixed effects and participant within sequence as a random effect. (NCT01054300)
Timeframe: Up to 24 hours (0 and 24 hours)
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 1: Ertugliflozin 1 mg Twice Daily | 2.82 |
| Cohort 1: Ertugliflozin 2 mg Once Daily | 2.76 |
| Cohort 2: Ertugliflozin 2 mg Twice Daily | 3.00 |
| Cohort 2: Ertugliflozin 4 mg Once Daily | 2.99 |
PK parameter of Cmax for study drug. Actual sample collection times (relative to the AM dose) were used for the pharmacokinetic analysis. (NCT01054300)
Timeframe: 0 predose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5.5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 18, 24 hours postdose
| Intervention | ng/mL (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 1: Ertugliflozin 1 mg Twice Daily | 19.51 |
| Cohort 1: Ertugliflozin 2 mg Once Daily | 26.98 |
| Cohort 2: Ertugliflozin 2 mg Twice Daily | 34.80 |
| Cohort 2: Ertugliflozin 4 mg Once Daily | 50.83 |
An adverse event is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical investigation participant administered a product or medical device. The table below includes all data collected since the first dose of study drug. Data include participants discontinued due to adverse events, participants with dose reduced or temporary discontinuation due to adverse events. (NCT01054300)
Timeframe: Up to 8 days (Day 1 in each dosing period)
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 1: Ertugliflozin 1 mg Twice Daily | 0 |
| Cohort 1: Ertugliflozin 2 mg Once Daily | 1 |
| Cohort 2: Ertugliflozin 2 mg Twice Daily | 0 |
| Cohort 2: Ertugliflozin 4 mg Once Daily | 0 |
An adverse event is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical investigation participant administered a product or medical device. The table below includes all data collected since the first dose of study drug. (NCT01054300)
Timeframe: Up to 16 days
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 1: Ertugliflozin 1 mg Twice Daily | 5 |
| Cohort 1: Ertugliflozin 2 mg Once Daily | 8 |
| Cohort 2: Ertugliflozin 2 mg Twice Daily | 3 |
| Cohort 2: Ertugliflozin 4 mg Once Daily | 5 |
PK parameter of Tmax for study drug. Actual sample collection times (relative to the AM dose) were used for the pharmacokinetic analysis. (NCT01054300)
Timeframe: 0 predose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5.5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 18, 24 hours postdose
| Intervention | hours (Median) |
|---|---|
| Cohort 1: Ertugliflozin 1 mg Twice Daily | 6.00 |
| Cohort 1: Ertugliflozin 2 mg Once Daily | 1.00 |
| Cohort 2: Ertugliflozin 2 mg Twice Daily | 6.00 |
| Cohort 2: Ertugliflozin 4 mg Once Daily | 1.00 |
Urine for analysis of glucose was collected at prespecified intervals. Each participant emptied his/her bladder just before dosing, and the collection started after the morning dose (collection times: 0-4 hours, 4-8 hours, 8-12 hours, and 12-24 hours after the morning dose). The average amount of urinary glucose excreted during the pre-specified time frame is presented in the table below. (NCT01054300)
Timeframe: At 0-4 hrs, 4-8 hrs, 8-12 hrs, and 12-24 hrs after the AM dose (up to 24 hours)
| Intervention | Grams (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 to 4 hours post dose | 4 to 8 hours post dose | 8 to 12 hours post dose | 12 to 24 hours post dose | |
| Cohort 1: Ertugliflozin 1 mg Twice Daily | 12.88 | 15.42 | 14.47 | 26.76 |
| Cohort 1: Ertugliflozin 2 mg Once Daily | 14.03 | 17.87 | 11.99 | 26.31 |
| Cohort 2: Ertugliflozin 2 mg Twice Daily | 14.66 | 16.97 | 14.30 | 31.47 |
| Cohort 2: Ertugliflozin 4 mg Once Daily | 16.34 | 19.78 | 12.91 | 32.94 |
The weighted mean postprandial glucose over the specified intervals were analyzed by cohort. (NCT01054300)
Timeframe: At 0-5 hours, 5-12 hrs, and 12-18 hrs after the morning dose (up to 18 hours)
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 to 5 hours | 5 to 12 hours | 12 to 18 hours | |
| Cohort 1: Ertugliflozin 1 mg Twice Daily | 200.1 | 159.4 | 180.7 |
| Cohort 1: Ertugliflozin 2 mg Once Daily | 187.2 | 159.8 | 190.7 |
| Cohort 2: Ertugliflozin 2 mg Twice Daily | 194.1 | 160.5 | 182.6 |
| Cohort 2: Ertugliflozin 4 mg Once Daily | 189.9 | 161.5 | 181.9 |
A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time. Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 26 A1C minus the Week 0 A1C (which is estimated on average for each treatment group using a constrained longitudinal data analysis model, which allows for participants with missing data to be included in the analysis). Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02630706)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage A1C (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -1.00 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -0.89 |
| Placebo | -0.20 |
A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time. Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 26 A1C minus the Week 0 A1C (which is estimated on average for each treatment group using a constrained longitudinal data analysis model, which allows for participants with missing data to be included in the analysis). Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02630706)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage A1C (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -1.01 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -0.92 |
| Placebo | -0.24 |
The change in body weight from baseline reflects the Week 26 body weight minus the Week 0 body weight (which is estimated on average for each treatment group using a constrained longitudinal data analysis model, which allows for participants with missing data to be included in the analysis). Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02630706)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | Kilograms (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -2.95 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -3.18 |
| Placebo | -1.17 |
The change in body weight from baseline reflects the Week 26 body weight minus the Week 0 body weight (which is estimated on average for each treatment group using a constrained longitudinal data analysis model, which allows for participants with missing data to be included in the analysis). Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02630706)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | Kilograms (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -3.11 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -3.38 |
| Placebo | -1.33 |
Blood glucose was measured on a fasting basis. Blood was drawn at predose on Day 1 and after 26 weeks of treatment to determine change in plasma glucose levels (i.e., FPG at Week 26 minus FPG at Week 0) which is estimated on average for each treatment group using a constrained longitudinal data analysis model, which allows for participants with missing data to be included in the analysis. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02630706)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -37.09 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -34.47 |
| Placebo | -6.69 |
Blood glucose was measured on a fasting basis. Blood was drawn at predose on Day 1 and after 26 weeks of treatment to determine change in plasma glucose levels (i.e., FPG at Week 26 minus FPG at Week 0) which is estimated on average for each treatment group using a constrained longitudinal data analysis model, which allows for participants with missing data to be included in the analysis. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02630706)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -39.01 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -36.67 |
| Placebo | -10.46 |
This change from baseline reflects the Week 26 sitting diastolic blood pressure (DBP) minus the Week 0 sitting DBP (which is estimated on average for each treatment group using a constrained longitudinal data analysis model, which allows for participants with missing data to be included in the analysis). Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02630706)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -2.38 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -2.36 |
| Placebo | -0.96 |
This change from baseline reflects the Week 26 sitting diastolic blood pressure (DBP) minus the Week 0 sitting DBP (which is estimated on average for each treatment group using a constrained longitudinal data analysis model, which allows for participants with missing data to be included in the analysis). Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02630706)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -2.82 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -2.77 |
| Placebo | -1.82 |
This change from baseline reflects the Week 26 sitting systolic blood pressure (SBP) minus the Week 0 sitting SBP (which is estimated on average for each treatment group using a constrained longitudinal data analysis model, which allows for participants with missing data to be included in the analysis). Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02630706)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -5.09 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -3.87 |
| Placebo | 0.22 |
This change from baseline reflects the Week 26 sitting systolic blood pressure (SBP) minus the Week 0 sitting SBP (which is estimated on average for each treatment group using a constrained longitudinal data analysis model, which allows for participants with missing data to be included in the analysis). Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02630706)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -5.64 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | -4.19 |
| Placebo | -1.56 |
No ertugliflozin plasma concentrations were determined for participants receiving placebo. Lower limit of quantification for ertugliflozin was 0.500 ng/mL. (NCT02630706)
Timeframe: Week 12: 60 min. Post-Dose
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 91.49 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 277.60 |
No ertugliflozin plasma concentrations were determined for participants receiving placebo. Lower limit of quantification for ertugliflozin was 0.500 ng/mL. (NCT02630706)
Timeframe: Week 12: Pre-Dose
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 8.18 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 27.11 |
No ertugliflozin plasma concentrations were determined for participants receiving placebo. Lower limit of quantification for ertugliflozin was 0.500 ng/mL. (NCT02630706)
Timeframe: Week 18: 60 min. Post-Dose
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 91.40 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 274.23 |
No ertugliflozin plasma concentrations were determined for participants receiving placebo. Lower limit of quantification for ertugliflozin was 0.500 ng/mL. (NCT02630706)
Timeframe: Week 18: Pre-Dose
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 6.59 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 17.54 |
No ertugliflozin plasma concentrations were determined for participants receiving placebo. Lower limit of quantification for ertugliflozin was 0.500 ng/mL. (NCT02630706)
Timeframe: Week 26: Pre-Dose
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 7.34 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 26.66 |
No ertugliflozin plasma concentrations were determined for participants receiving placebo. Lower limit of quantification for ertugliflozin was 0.500 ng/mL. (NCT02630706)
Timeframe: Week 6: Pre-Dose
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 9.17 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 24.59 |
No ertugliflozin plasma concentrations were determined for participants receiving placebo. Lower limit of quantification for ertugliflozin was 0.500 ng/mL. (NCT02630706)
Timeframe: Week 12: 60 min. Post-Dose
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 97.36 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 294.49 |
No ertugliflozin plasma concentrations were determined for participants receiving placebo. Lower limit of quantification for ertugliflozin was 0.500 ng/mL. (NCT02630706)
Timeframe: Week 12: Pre-Dose
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 7.40 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 23.84 |
No ertugliflozin plasma concentrations were determined for participants receiving placebo. Lower limit of quantification for ertugliflozin was 0.500 ng/mL. (NCT02630706)
Timeframe: Week 18: 60 min. Post-Dose
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 94.82 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 285.28 |
No ertugliflozin plasma concentrations were determined for participants receiving placebo. Lower limit of quantification for ertugliflozin was 0.500 ng/mL. (NCT02630706)
Timeframe: Week 18: Pre-Dose
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 6.30 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 17.07 |
No ertugliflozin plasma concentrations were determined for participants receiving placebo. Lower limit of quantification for ertugliflozin was 0.500 ng/mL. (NCT02630706)
Timeframe: Week 26: Pre-Dose
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 7.26 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 24.91 |
No ertugliflozin plasma concentrations were determined for participants receiving placebo. Lower limit of quantification for ertugliflozin was 0.500 ng/mL. (NCT02630706)
Timeframe: Week 6: Pre-Dose
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 7.88 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 22.29 |
An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure, that occurs during the course of the study. (NCT02630706)
Timeframe: Up to 26 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 1.2 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 0.6 |
| Placebo | 1.8 |
An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure, that occurs during the course of the study. (NCT02630706)
Timeframe: Up to 26 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 0.7 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 0.7 |
| Placebo | 2.2 |
An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure, that occurs during the course of the study. (NCT02630706)
Timeframe: Up to 28 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 56.5 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 53.3 |
| Placebo | 59.3 |
An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure, that occurs during the course of the study. (NCT02630706)
Timeframe: Up to 28 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 54.4 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 50.4 |
| Placebo | 59.3 |
Per protocol, participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride and dosed according to Investigator judgment. (NCT02630706)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 0.0 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 0.7 |
| Placebo | 9.6 |
Per protocol, participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride and dosed according to Investigator judgment. (NCT02630706)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 1.2 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 0.6 |
| Placebo | 9.6 |
A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02630706)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 14.7 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 15.4 |
| Placebo | 2.4 |
A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02630706)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 14.7 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 17.0 |
| Placebo | 3.0 |
A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02630706)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 38.2 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 40.8 |
| Placebo | 16.2 |
A1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). Percentage A1C is the ratio of glycated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin x 100. Participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride and dosed according to Investigator judgment. Per protocol, this data set excludes data for any participant after the initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT02630706)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 35.3 |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | 42.2 |
| Placebo | 18.5 |
Per protocol, participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride and dosed according to Investigator judgment. (NCT02630706)
Timeframe: Up to 183 days
| Intervention | Days (Median) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | NA |
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | NA |
| Placebo | NA |
Per protocol, participants who met pre-specified glycemic criteria were rescued with oral tablets of open-label glimepiride and dosed according to Investigator judgment. (NCT02630706)
Timeframe: Up to 149 days
| Intervention | Days (Median) |
|---|---|
| Ertugliflozin 15 mg | NA |
| Placebo | NA |
Treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were recorded from week 0 to week 83 (78-week treatment period plus the 5-week follow-up period). Adverse events (AEs) with onset during the on-treatment observation period were considered treatment-emergent. On-treatment observation period: Time period when a participant was on treatment with trial product, including any period after initiation of rescue medication. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-83
| Intervention | Events (Number) |
|---|---|
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 1774 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 1686 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 1824 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 1852 |
Treatment emergent severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes were recorded during weeks 0-83 (78-week treatment period plus the 5-week follow-up period). Hypoglycaemic episodes with onset during the on-treatment observation period were considered treatment-emergent. On-treatment observation period was defined as the time period when a subject was on treatment with trial product, including any period after initiation of rescue medication. Severe hypoglycaemia was defined as an episode requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate or glucagon, or take other corrective actions. BG-confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia: Confirmed by a glucose value <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-83
| Intervention | Episodes (Number) |
|---|---|
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 56 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 42 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 60 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 76 |
This outcome measure is only applicable for the oral semaglutide treatment arms (3 mg, 7 mg and 14 mg). Number of participants who measured with anti-semaglutide binding antibodies anytime during post-baseline visits (weeks 0-83) are presented. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-83
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 1 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 2 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 3 |
This outcome measure is only applicable for the oral semaglutide treatment arms (3 mg, 7 mg and 14 mg). Number of participants who measured with anti-semaglutide binding antibodies cross reacting with native glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) anytime during post-baseline visits (weeks 0-83) are presented. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-83
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 0 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 1 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 1 |
This outcome measure is only applicable for the oral semaglutide treatment arms (3 mg, 7 mg and 14 mg). Number of participants who measured with anti-semaglutide neutralising antibodies anytime during post-baseline visits (weeks 0-83) are presented. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-83
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 0 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 0 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 0 |
This outcome measure is only applicable for the oral semaglutide treatment arms (3 mg, 7 mg and 14 mg). Number of participants who measured with anti-semaglutide neutralising antibodies cross reacting with native GLP-1 anytime during post-baseline visits (weeks 0-83) are presented. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-83
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 0 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 0 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 0 |
Treatment emergent severe or BG confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes were recorded from week 0 to week 83 (78-week treatment period plus the 5-week follow-up period). Hypoglycaemic episodes with onset during the on-treatment observation period were considered treatment-emergent. On-treatment observation period was defined as the time period when a subject was on treatment with trial product, including any period after initiation of rescue medication. Severe hypoglycaemia was defined as an episode requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate or glucagon, or take other corrective actions. BG-confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia: Confirmed by a glucose value <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-83
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 23 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 24 |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 36 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 39 |
This outcome measure is only applicable for the oral semaglutide treatment arms (3 mg, 7 mg and 14 mg). It is based on the data from participants who were measured with anti-semaglutide antibodies anytime during post-baseline visits (weeks 0-83). Results are presented as percentage of bound radioactivity-labelled semaglutide /total added radioactivity-labelled semaglutide (%B/T). Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-83
| Intervention | %B/T (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Week 8 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 1.93 |
This outcome measure is only applicable for the oral semaglutide treatment arms (3 mg, 7 mg and 14 mg). It is based on the data from participants who were measured with anti-semaglutide antibodies anytime during post-baseline visits (weeks 0-83). Results are presented as percentage of bound radioactivity-labelled semaglutide /total added radioactivity-labelled semaglutide (%B/T). Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-83
| Intervention | %B/T (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 14 | Week 26 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 3.28 | 2.39 |
This outcome measure is only applicable for the oral semaglutide treatment arms (3 mg, 7 mg and 14 mg). It is based on the data from participants who were measured with anti-semaglutide antibodies anytime during post-baseline visits (weeks 0-83). Results are presented as percentage of bound radioactivity-labelled semaglutide /total added radioactivity-labelled semaglutide (%B/T). Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-83
| Intervention | %B/T (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 | Week 26 | Week 38 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 9.82 | 2.05 | 2.24 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in amylase (units/litre (U/L)) at weeks 26, 52 and 78 is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the data from the on-treatment observation period which was the time period when a participant was on treatment with trial product, including any period after initiation of rescue medication. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52, week 78
| Intervention | Ratio (Geometric Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | Week 78 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 1.14 | 1.11 | 1.09 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 1.03 | 1.03 | 1.02 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 1.07 | 1.09 | 1.09 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.08 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in body mass index (BMI) was evaluated at weeks 26, 52 and 78. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52, week 78
| Intervention | Kg/m^2 (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | Week 78 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | -1.1 | -1.2 | -1.1 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | -0.4 | -0.6 | -0.7 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | -0.8 | -0.9 | -1.0 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -0.2 | -0.3 | -0.4 |
Relative change from baseline (week 0) in body weight (kg) was evaluated at weeks 26, 52 and 78. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52, week 78
| Intervention | Percentage change (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | Week 78 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | -3.44 | -3.83 | -3.47 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | -1.23 | -1.65 | -1.87 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | -2.36 | -2.63 | -2.92 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -0.64 | -0.76 | -0.99 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in body weight was evaluated at weeks 52 and 78. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52, week 78
| Intervention | Kg (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 52 | Week 78 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | -3.5 | -3.2 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | -1.6 | -1.8 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | -2.5 | -2.8 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -0.7 | -1.0 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in body weight was evaluated at week 26. The endpoint was evaluated based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. The endpoint was also evaluated based on the data from the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period, which was the time period when a participant was on treatment with trial product, excluding any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature trial product discontinuation. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | Kg (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| In-trial | on-treatment without rescue medication | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | -3.1 | -3.2 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | -1.2 | -1.2 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | -2.2 | -2.2 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -0.6 | -0.6 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in Control of Eating Questionnaire (CoEQ) was evaluated at weeks (wk) 26, 52 and 78. The CoEQ comprised 19 items to assess the intensity and type of food cravings, as well as subjective sensation of appetite and mood, with the 4 domains: 'craving control' (items 9-12, 19), 'positive mood' (items 5-8), 'craving for savoury' (items 4, 16-18) and 'craving for sweet' (items 3, 13-15). The 19 items were scored on an 11-point graded response scale ranging from 10 to 0, with items relating to each of the 4 domains being averaged to create a final score. A low score in the domains 'craving for sweet and 'craving for savoury' represents a low level of craving; whereas a high score in the domains 'craving control' and 'positive mood' represents good control and a good mood, respectively. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52, week 78
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1) Feeling of hunger (wk 26) | 1) Feeling of hunger (wk 52) | 1) Feeling of hunger (wk 78) | 2) Feeling of fullness (wk 26) | 2) Feeling of fullness (wk 52) | 2) Feeling of fullness (wk 78) | 3) Desire to eat sweet foods (wk 26) | 3) Desire to eat sweet foods (wk 52) | 3) Desire to eat sweet foods (wk 78) | 4) Desire to eat savoury foods (wk 26) | 4) Desire to eat savoury foods (wk 52) | 4) Desire to eat savoury foods (wk 78) | 5) Feeling of happiness (wk 26) | 5) Feeling of happiness (wk 52) | 5) Feeling of happiness (wk 78) | 6) Feeling of anxiousness (wk 26) | 6) Feeling of anxiousness (wk 52) | 6) Feeling of anxiousness (wk 78) | 7) Feeling of alertness (wk 26) | 7) Feeling of alertness (wk 52) | 7) Feeling of alertness (wk 78) | 8) Feeling of contentment (wk 26) | 8) Feeling of contentment (wk 52) | 8) Feeling of contentment (wk 78) | 9) Food cravings during last 7 days (wk 26) | 9) Food cravings during last 7 days (wk 52) | 9) Food cravings during last 7 days (wk 78) | 10) Strength of food cravings (wk 26) | 10) Strength of food cravings (wk 52) | 10) Strength of food cravings (wk 78) | 11) Difficulty to resist food cravings (wk 26) | 11) Difficulty to resist food cravings (wk 52) | 11) Difficulty to resist food cravings (wk 78) | 12) Eating in response to food cravings (wk 26) | 12) Eating in response to food cravings (wk 52) | 12) Eating in response to food cravings (wk 78) | 13) Cravings for chocolate (wk 26) | 13) Cravings for chocolate (wk 52) | 13) Cravings for chocolate (wk 78) | 14) Cravings for other sweet foods (wk 26) | 14) Cravings for other sweet foods (wk 52) | 14) Cravings for other sweet foods (wk 78) | 15) Cravings for fruit or fruit juice (wk 26) | 15) Cravings for fruit or fruit juice (wk 52) | 15) Cravings for fruit or fruit juice (wk 78) | 16) Cravings for dairy foods (wk 26) | 16) Cravings for dairy foods (wk 52) | 16) Cravings for dairy foods (wk 78) | 17) Cravings for starchy foods (wk 26) | 17) Cravings for starchy foods (wk 52) | 17) Cravings for starchy foods (wk 78) | 18) Cravings for savoury foods (wk 26) | 18) Cravings for savoury foods (wk 52) | 18) Cravings for savoury foods (wk 78) | 19) Difficulty to control eating in general(wk 26) | 19) Difficulty to control eating in general(wk 52) | 19) Difficulty to control eating in general(wk 78) | Craving control: items 9-12, 19 (wk 26) | Craving control: items 9-12, 19 (wk 52) | Craving control: items 9-12, 19 (wk 78) | Positive mood: items 5-8 (wk 26) | Positive mood: items 5-8 (wk 52) | Positive mood: items 5-8 (wk 78) | Craving for savoury: items 4, 16-18 (wk 26) | Craving for savoury: items 4, 16-18 (wk 52) | Craving for savoury: items 4, 16-18 (wk 78) | Craving for sweet: items 3, 13-15 (wk 26) | Craving for sweet: items 3, 13-15 (wk 52) | Craving for sweet: items 3, 13-15 (wk 78) | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | -0.54 | -0.35 | -0.36 | 0.15 | 0.22 | 0.09 | -0.47 | -0.31 | -0.45 | -0.30 | -0.44 | -0.39 | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.20 | -0.06 | -0.12 | -0.06 | -0.05 | 0.04 | 0.18 | 0.13 | 0.17 | -0.37 | -0.25 | -0.38 | -0.25 | -0.21 | -0.32 | -0.46 | -0.42 | -0.24 | -0.17 | -0.25 | -0.17 | -0.14 | 0.06 | 0.06 | -0.36 | -0.31 | -0.40 | -0.09 | -0.22 | -0.02 | -0.37 | -0.41 | -0.45 | -0.49 | -0.62 | -0.61 | -0.49 | -0.56 | -0.48 | -0.49 | -0.56 | -0.54 | 0.35 | 0.34 | 0.33 | -0.01 | 0.05 | 0.09 | -0.41 | -0.51 | -0.48 | -0.26 | -0.19 | -0.20 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | -0.41 | -0.28 | -0.31 | -0.08 | -0.02 | -0.03 | -0.41 | -0.31 | -0.38 | -0.27 | -0.27 | -0.39 | 0.01 | 0.09 | -0.05 | 0.02 | -0.05 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.04 | -0.04 | -0.59 | -0.40 | -0.47 | -0.50 | -0.23 | -0.20 | -0.46 | 0.00 | -0.04 | -0.40 | -0.04 | -0.02 | -0.27 | -0.28 | -0.08 | -0.33 | -0.33 | -0.20 | -0.20 | -0.40 | -0.14 | -0.23 | -0.42 | -0.30 | -0.42 | -0.54 | -0.44 | -0.41 | -0.41 | -0.27 | -0.47 | -0.32 | -0.40 | 0.49 | 0.20 | 0.22 | 0.04 | 0.04 | -0.01 | -0.33 | -0.41 | -0.35 | -0.30 | -0.33 | -0.20 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | -0.37 | -0.23 | -0.22 | -0.08 | -0.07 | -0.09 | -0.54 | -0.31 | -0.42 | -0.16 | -0.21 | -0.39 | 0.03 | 0.04 | -0.08 | -0.18 | -0.16 | 0.12 | 0.03 | -0.14 | -0.04 | 0.04 | 0.08 | -0.03 | -0.41 | -0.30 | -0.28 | -0.33 | -0.14 | -0.28 | -0.38 | -0.23 | -0.32 | -0.15 | -0.11 | 0.01 | -0.03 | 0.03 | 0.00 | -0.31 | -0.34 | -0.14 | -0.03 | -0.01 | -0.11 | -0.20 | -0.30 | -0.20 | -0.24 | -0.35 | -0.32 | -0.16 | -0.20 | -0.16 | -0.69 | -0.59 | -0.59 | 0.39 | 0.27 | 0.29 | 0.07 | 0.03 | -0.07 | -0.19 | -0.27 | -0.26 | -0.23 | -0.15 | -0.16 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -0.18 | -0.25 | -0.22 | 0.15 | 0.27 | 0.26 | -0.33 | -0.45 | -0.49 | -0.35 | -0.33 | -0.42 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.02 | -0.21 | 0.17 | -0.01 | 0.05 | -0.05 | -0.01 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.17 | -0.46 | -0.21 | -0.33 | -0.35 | -0.30 | -0.38 | -0.17 | -0.26 | -0.22 | -0.27 | -0.17 | -0.25 | -0.15 | 0.03 | 0.06 | -0.33 | -0.09 | -0.22 | -0.07 | -0.08 | -0.33 | -0.27 | 0.04 | -0.20 | -0.42 | -0.28 | -0.36 | -0.40 | -0.37 | -0.34 | -0.51 | -0.51 | -0.51 | 0.35 | 0.29 | 0.34 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 0.05 | -0.36 | -0.24 | -0.33 | -0.22 | -0.15 | -0.24 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in electrocardiogram (ECG) was evaluated at weeks 26, 52 and 78. Change from baseline results are presented as shift in findings (normal, abnormal and not clinically significant (NCS) and abnormal and clinically significant (CS)) from week 0 to week 26, 52 and 78. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52, week 78
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal (week 0) to normal (week 26) | Normal (week 0) to abnormal NCS (week 26) | Normal (week 0) to abnormal CS (week 26) | Abnormal (week 0) NCS to normal (week 26) | Abnormal (week 0) NCS to abnormal NCS (week 26) | Abnormal (week 0) NCS to abnormal CS (week 26) | Abnormal (week 0) CS to normal (week 26) | Abnormal (week 0) CS to abnormal NCS (week 26) | Abnormal (week 0) CS to abnormal CS (week 26) | Normal (week 0) to normal (week 52) | Normal (week 0) to abnormal NCS (week 52) | Normal (week 0) to abnormal CS (week 52) | Abnormal (week 0) NCS to normal (week 52) | Abnormal (week 0) NCS to abnormal NCS (week 52) | Abnormal (week 0) NCS to abnormal CS (week 52) | Abnormal (week 0) CS to normal (week 52) | Abnormal (week 0) CS to abnormal NCS (week 52) | Abnormal (week 0) CS to abnormal CS (week 52) | Normal (week 0) to normal (week 78) | Normal (week 0) to abnormal NCS (week 78) | Normal (week 0) to abnormal CS (week 78) | Abnormal (week 0) NCS to normal (week 78) | Abnormal (week 0) NCS to abnormal NCS (week 78) | Abnormal (week 0) NCS to abnormal CS (week 78) | Abnormal (week 0) CS to normal (week 78) | Abnormal (week 0) CS to abnormal NCS (week 78) | Abnormal (week 0) CS to abnormal CS (week 78) | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 230 | 24 | 0 | 42 | 133 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 219 | 33 | 1 | 56 | 118 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 219 | 31 | 1 | 51 | 114 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 211 | 38 | 4 | 41 | 132 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 196 | 47 | 1 | 40 | 131 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 196 | 41 | 3 | 39 | 131 | 5 | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 214 | 42 | 5 | 44 | 128 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 218 | 37 | 0 | 49 | 123 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 201 | 43 | 2 | 45 | 125 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 204 | 41 | 4 | 40 | 143 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 204 | 40 | 4 | 48 | 128 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 208 | 40 | 1 | 47 | 133 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was evaluated at weeks 26, 52 and 78. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52, week 78
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | Week 78 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | -1.67 | -1.75 | -1.65 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | -0.83 | -0.98 | -1.07 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | -1.17 | -1.28 | -1.11 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -0.90 | -1.03 | -0.91 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in free fatty acids (FFA) (mmol/L) at weeks 26, 52 and 78 is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. Because of an issue with the handling of the blood samples for FFA, all FFA data were considered invalid for this trial; thus, no conclusion with regards to FFA levels can be made based on the data presented here. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52, week 78
| Intervention | Ratio of FFA (Geometric Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | Week 78 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 0.88 | 0.96 | 0.88 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 0.96 | 1.03 | 0.92 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 0.91 | 1.00 | 0.87 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 0.90 | 0.98 | 0.87 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was evaluated at week 26. The endpoint was evaluated based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. The endpoint was also evaluated based on the data from the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period, which was the time period when a participant was on treatment with trial product, excluding any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature trial product discontinuation. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of HbA1c (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| In-trial | On-treatment without rescue medication | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | -1.3 | -1.4 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | -0.6 | -0.6 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | -1.1 | -1.2 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -0.8 | -0.8 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in HbA1c was evaluated at weeks 52 and 78. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52, week 78
| Intervention | Percentage of HbA1c (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 52 | Week 78 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | -1.2 | -1.1 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | -0.6 | -0.6 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | -1.0 | -0.9 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -0.7 | -0.7 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (mmol/L) at weeks 26, 52 and 78 is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52, week 78
| Intervention | Ratio of HDL cholesterol (Geometric Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | Week 78 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 0.98 | 1.01 | 1.00 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 0.97 | 0.99 | 0.97 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 0.99 | 1.01 | 0.99 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 |
The Impact of Weight on Quality of Life Clinical Trials Version (IWQOL-Lite-CT) is designed to assess the impact of changes in weight on patients' quality of life within the context of clinical trials. The items of the IWQOL-Lite-CT pertain to physical functioning (physical, physical function and pain/discomfort) and psychosocial domains and all items employ a 5-point graded response scale (never, rarely, sometimes, usually, always; or not at all true, a little true, moderately true, mostly true, completely true). All IWQOL-Lite-CT composite scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores reflecting better levels of functioning. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52, week 78
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1) Physical (week 26) | 1) Physical (week 52) | 1) Physical (week 78) | 2) Physical function (week 26) | 2) Physical function (week 52) | 2) Physical function (week 78) | 3) Pain/discomfort (week 26) | 3) Pain/discomfort (week 52) | 3) Pain/discomfort (week 78) | 4) Psychosocial (week 26) | 4) Psychosocial (week 52) | 4) Psychosocial (week 78) | IWQOL-Lite-CT Total (week 26) | IWQOL-Lite-CT Total (week 52) | IWQOL-Lite-CT Total (week 78) | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 2.87 | 3.18 | 3.86 | 3.20 | 3.19 | 3.76 | 2.03 | 3.15 | 4.07 | 2.98 | 3.97 | 3.73 | 2.95 | 3.64 | 3.77 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 3.25 | 1.84 | 2.71 | 3.52 | 2.28 | 2.55 | 2.51 | 0.76 | 3.06 | 2.69 | 3.12 | 3.83 | 2.88 | 2.67 | 3.45 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 2.38 | 3.03 | 3.55 | 2.78 | 3.24 | 4.04 | 1.37 | 2.52 | 2.35 | 4.30 | 5.19 | 5.36 | 3.62 | 4.43 | 4.73 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 1.97 | 1.49 | 2.86 | 1.70 | 1.22 | 2.54 | 2.66 | 2.12 | 3.63 | 2.10 | 2.53 | 3.29 | 2.05 | 2.17 | 3.16 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (mmol/L) at weeks 26, 52 and 78 is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52, week 78
| Intervention | Ratio of LDL cholesterol (Geometric Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | Week 78 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 0.98 | 0.99 | 1.00 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 1.02 | 1.02 | 1.03 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 0.98 | 0.99 | 1.00 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 1.02 | 1.03 | 1.03 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in lipase (U/L) at weeks 26, 52 and 78 is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the data from the on-treatment observation period which was the time period when a participant was on treatment with trial product, including any period after initiation of rescue medication. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52, week 78
| Intervention | Ratio (Geometric Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | Week 78 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 1.26 | 1.25 | 1.18 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 1.07 | 1.06 | 1.04 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 1.13 | 1.15 | 1.14 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 1.14 | 1.15 | 1.10 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in pulse rate was evaluated at weeks 26, 52 and 78. Results are based on the data from the on-treatment observation period which was the time period when a participant was on treatment with trial product, including any period after initiation of rescue medication. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52, week 78
| Intervention | Beats/minute (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | Week 78 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 0 | -0 | 0 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was evaluated at weeks 26, 52 and 78. Results are based on the data from the on-treatment observation period which was the time period when a participant was on treatment with trial product, including any period after initiation of rescue medication. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52, week 78
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SBP: Week 26 | SBP: Week 52 | SBP: Week 78 | DBP: Week 26 | DBP: Week 52 | DBP: Week 78 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | -3 | -3 | -3 | -1 | -1 | -1 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | -2 | -2 | -2 | -1 | -2 | -1 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | -2 | -4 | -3 | -0 | -1 | -1 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -2 | -1 | 0 | -0 | -1 | -1 |
SF-36 is a 36-item patient-reported survey of patient health that measures the participant's overall health-related quality of life (HRQoL). SF-36v2™ (acute version) questionnaire measured eight domains of functional health and well-being as well as two component summary scores (physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS)). The 0-100 scale scores (where higher scores indicated a better HRQoL) from the SF-36 were converted to norm-based scores to enable a direct interpretation in relation to the distribution of the scores in the 2009 U.S. general population. In the metric of norm-based scores, 50 and 10 corresponds to the mean and standard deviation respectively of the 2009 U.S. general population. Change from baseline (week 0) in the domain scores and component summary (PCS and MCS) scores were evaluated at weeks 26, 52 and 78. A positive change score indicates an improvement since baseline. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52, week 78
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1) Physical functioning (week 26) | 1) Physical functioning (week 52) | 1) Physical functioning (week 78) | 2) Role-Physical (week 26) | 2) Role-Physical (week 52) | 2) Role-Physical (week 78) | 3) Bodily pain (week 26) | 3) Bodily pain (week 52) | 3) Bodily pain (week 78) | 4) General health (week 26) | 4) General health (week 52) | 4) General health (week 78) | 5) Vitality (week 26) | 5) Vitality (week 52) | 5) Vitality (week 78) | 6) Social functioning (week 26) | 6) Social functioning (week 52) | 6) Social functioning (week 78) | 7) Role emotional (week 26) | 7) Role emotional (week 52) | 7) Role emotional (week 78) | 8) Mental health (week 26) | 8) Mental health (week 52) | 8) Mental health (week 78) | Physical component summary (week 26) | Physical component summary (week 52) | Physical component summary (week 78) | Mental component summary (week 26) | Mental component summary (week 52) | Mental component summary (week 78) | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 0.63 | 0.36 | 0.54 | -0.13 | -0.82 | -0.33 | 0.22 | -0.64 | 0.74 | 1.19 | 1.03 | 1.21 | 0.88 | 0.58 | 0.71 | 0.31 | -0.83 | -0.27 | -0.37 | -0.86 | -0.30 | 0.24 | 0.05 | 0.28 | 0.63 | 0.09 | 0.67 | 0.08 | -0.37 | -0.07 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 0.37 | 0.29 | 0.06 | 0.42 | -0.05 | 0.28 | 0.56 | 0.16 | 0.48 | 1.17 | 1.06 | 1.02 | 0.59 | 0.45 | 1.05 | 0.11 | -0.25 | -0.38 | 0.84 | 0.15 | 0.32 | 0.33 | 0.45 | 0.19 | 0.56 | 0.31 | 0.46 | 0.48 | 0.23 | 0.27 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 1.12 | 0.64 | 0.94 | 0.76 | -0.06 | -0.01 | -0.11 | -0.65 | 0.32 | 1.67 | 1.20 | 1.21 | 1.11 | 0.79 | 0.85 | 0.15 | -0.37 | 0.19 | 0.67 | -0.45 | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.42 | 0.29 | 0.98 | 0.36 | 0.71 | 0.34 | -0.00 | 0.23 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 0.46 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.38 | -0.69 | 0.44 | 0.44 | 0.67 | 0.54 | 1.42 | 0.95 | 1.32 | 1.03 | 0.19 | 1.07 | 0.09 | -0.68 | 0.57 | 0.15 | -0.63 | -0.24 | 0.61 | 0.23 | 0.30 | 0.69 | 0.31 | 0.70 | 0.41 | -0.31 | 0.30 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in mean 7-point self-measured plasma glucose (SMPG) profile. SMPG was recorded at the following 7 time points: before breakfast, 90 minutes after start of breakfast, before lunch, 90 minutes after start of lunch, before dinner, 90 minutes after dinner and at bedtime. Mean 7-point profile was defined as the area under the profile, calculated using the trapezoidal method, divided by the measurement time. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52, week 78
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | Week 78 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | -1.7 | -1.8 | -1.7 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | -1.1 | -1.3 | -1.3 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | -1.5 | -1.5 | -1.5 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -1.2 | -1.4 | -1.3 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in the average of the post-prandial increments over all meals was evaluated at weeks 26, 52 and 78. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52, week 78
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | Week 78 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | -0.6 | -0.7 | -0.6 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | -0.4 | -0.4 | -0.4 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | -0.4 | -0.4 | -0.4 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -0.6 | -0.4 | -0.6 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in total cholesterol (mmol/L) at weeks 26, 52 and 78 is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52, week 78
| Intervention | Ratio of total cholesterol (Geometric Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | Week 78 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 0.97 | 0.98 | 0.99 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 0.98 | 0.99 | 0.99 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 1.00 | 1.01 | 1.00 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in triglycerides (mmol/L) at weeks 26, 52 and 78 is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52, week 78
| Intervention | Ratio of triglycerides (Geometric Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | Week 78 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 0.92 | 0.93 | 0.92 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.95 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.94 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 0.97 | 0.98 | 0.93 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol (mmol/L) at weeks 26, 52 and 78 is presented as ratio to baseline. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52, week 78
| Intervention | Ratio of VLDL cholesterol (Geometric Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | Week 78 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 0.91 | 0.93 | 0.91 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.95 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 0.96 | 0.98 | 0.94 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 0.97 | 0.98 | 0.94 |
Change from baseline (week 0) in waist circumference was evaluated at weeks 26, 52 and 78. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52, week 78
| Intervention | cm (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | Week 78 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | -2.3 | -2.6 | -2.4 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | -0.7 | -1.3 | -1.2 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | -1.8 | -2.3 | -2.4 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -0.6 | -0.5 | -0.7 |
This outcome measure is only applicable for the oral semaglutide treatment arms (3 mg, 7 mg and 14 mg). Semaglutide plasma concentrations for participants in the pharmacokinetic (PK) subpopulation are presented. The PK subpopulation consisted of participants from sites in Germany, Japan and the United States receiving oral semaglutide (3 mg, 7 mg or 14 mg). Results are based on the data from the on-treatment observation period and follow-up period. The on-treatment observation period was the time period when a participant was on treatment with trial product, including any period after initiation of rescue medication. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-83
| Intervention | nmol/L (Geometric Mean) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 0 | Week 4 | Week 8 | Week 14 | Week 26 | Week 38 | Week 52 | Week 78 | Week 83 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 0.4 | 1.6 | 4.2 | 9.4 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.2 | 8.9 | 0.4 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 0.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 0.4 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 0.4 | 1.5 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 0.4 |
Presented results are the number of participants who had taken additional anti-diabetic medication anytime during the periods, from week 0 to week 26, week 0 to week 52 and week 0 to week 78. Additional anti-diabetic medication was defined as any new anti-diabetic medication used for more than 21 days with the initiation at or after randomisation (week 0) and before (planned) end-of-treatment (week 78), and/or intensification of anti-diabetic medication (a more than 20% increase in dose relative to baseline) for more than 21 days with the intensification at or after randomisation and before (planned) end-of-treatment. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-78
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Week 0 to week 26 | Week 0 to week 52 | Week 0 to week 78 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 15 | 51 | 75 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 33 | 137 | 179 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 20 | 86 | 119 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 20 | 111 | 148 |
Presented results are the number of participants who had taken rescue medication anytime during the periods, from week 0 to week 26, week 0 to week 52 and week 0 to week 78. Rescue medication was defined as any new anti-diabetic medication used as add-on to trial product and used for more than 21 days with the initiation at or after randomisation (week 0) and before last day on trial product, and/or intensification of anti-diabetic medication (a more than 20% increase in dose relative to baseline) for more than 21 days with the intensification at or after randomisation and before last day on trial product. Results are based on the data from the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period, which was the time period when a participant was on treatment with trial product, excluding any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature trial product discontinuation. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-78
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Week 0 to week 26 | Week 0 to week 52 | Week 0 to week 78 | |
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 5 | 31 | 47 |
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 25 | 121 | 160 |
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 11 | 73 | 103 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 13 | 94 | 129 |
Participants with eye examination (fundoscopy) findings, normal, abnormal NCS and abnormal CS at baseline (week -2), week 52 and week 78 are presented. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Week -2, week 52, week 78
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Left eye (week -2)71931138 | Left eye (week -2)71931139 | Left eye (week -2)71931140 | Left eye (week -2)71931141 | Left eye (week 52)71931138 | Left eye (week 52)71931139 | Left eye (week 52)71931140 | Left eye (week 52)71931141 | Left eye (week 78)71931138 | Left eye (week 78)71931140 | Left eye (week 78)71931139 | Left eye (week 78)71931141 | Right eye (week -2)71931138 | Right eye (week -2)71931139 | Right eye (week -2)71931140 | Right eye (week -2)71931141 | Right eye (week 52)71931138 | Right eye (week 52)71931139 | Right eye (week 52)71931140 | Right eye (week 52)71931141 | Right eye (week 78)71931138 | Right eye (week 78)71931139 | Right eye (week 78)71931140 | Right eye (week 78)71931141 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abnormal CS | Normal | Abnormal NCS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 302 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 299 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 305 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 130 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 138 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 129 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 137 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 27 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 18 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 29 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 249 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 253 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 270 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 252 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 119 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 113 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 101 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 126 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 25 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 22 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 261 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 273 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 287 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 135 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 141 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 130 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 113 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 21 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 19 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 309 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 298 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 308 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 297 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 126 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 139 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 126 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 138 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 17 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 23 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 28 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 247 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 256 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 271 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 255 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 122 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 112 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 103 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 123 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 24 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 20 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 17 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 27 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 258 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 255 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 275 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 279 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 136 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 146 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 128 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 122 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 23 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 30 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Participants with physical examination findings, normal, abnormal NCS and abnormal CS at baseline (weeks -2), weeks 52 and 78 are presented. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. Results are presented for the following examinations: 1) Cardiovascular system; 2) Central and peripheral nervous system; 3) Gastrointestinal system, incl. mouth; 4) General appearance; 5) Head, ears, eyes, nose, throat, neck; 6) Lymph node palpation; 7) Musculoskeletal system; 8) Respiratory system; 9) Skin; 10) Thyroid gland. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Week -2, week 52, week 78
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 1) Cardiovascular system (week -2)71931138 | 1) Cardiovascular system (week -2)71931139 | 1) Cardiovascular system (week -2)71931140 | 1) Cardiovascular system (week -2)71931141 | 1) Cardiovascular system (week 52)71931138 | 1) Cardiovascular system (week 52)71931139 | 1) Cardiovascular system (week 52)71931140 | 1) Cardiovascular system (week 52)71931141 | 1) Cardiovascular system (week 78)71931138 | 1) Cardiovascular system (week 78)71931139 | 1) Cardiovascular system (week 78)71931140 | 1) Cardiovascular system (week 78)71931141 | 2) Central and peripheral nervous system (week -2)71931138 | 2) Central and peripheral nervous system (week -2)71931139 | 2) Central and peripheral nervous system (week -2)71931140 | 2) Central and peripheral nervous system (week -2)71931141 | 2) Central and peripheral nervous system (week 52)71931138 | 2) Central and peripheral nervous system (week 52)71931139 | 2) Central and peripheral nervous system (week 52)71931140 | 2) Central and peripheral nervous system (week 52)71931141 | 2) Central and peripheral nervous system (week 78)71931138 | 2) Central and peripheral nervous system (week 78)71931139 | 2) Central and peripheral nervous system (week 78)71931140 | 2) Central and peripheral nervous system (week 78)71931141 | 3) Gastrointestinal system, incl. mouth (week -2)71931138 | 3) Gastrointestinal system, incl. mouth (week -2)71931139 | 3) Gastrointestinal system, incl. mouth (week -2)71931140 | 3) Gastrointestinal system, incl. mouth (week -2)71931141 | 3) Gastrointestinal system, incl. mouth (week 52)71931139 | 3) Gastrointestinal system, incl. mouth (week 52)71931141 | 3) Gastrointestinal system, incl. mouth (week 52)71931138 | 3) Gastrointestinal system, incl. mouth (week 52)71931140 | 3) Gastrointestinal system, incl. mouth (week 78)71931139 | 3) Gastrointestinal system, incl. mouth (week 78)71931141 | 3) Gastrointestinal system, incl. mouth (week 78)71931138 | 3) Gastrointestinal system, incl. mouth (week 78)71931140 | 4) General appearance (week -2)71931141 | 4) General appearance (week -2)71931138 | 4) General appearance (week -2)71931139 | 4) General appearance (week -2)71931140 | 4) General appearance (week 52)71931138 | 4) General appearance (week 52)71931139 | 4) General appearance (week 52)71931140 | 4) General appearance (week 52)71931141 | 4) General appearance (week 78)71931138 | 4) General appearance (week 78)71931139 | 4) General appearance (week 78)71931140 | 4) General appearance (week 78)71931141 | 5) Head, ears, eyes, nose, throat, neck (week -2)71931138 | 5) Head, ears, eyes, nose, throat, neck (week -2)71931139 | 5) Head, ears, eyes, nose, throat, neck (week -2)71931140 | 5) Head, ears, eyes, nose, throat, neck (week -2)71931141 | 5) Head, ears, eyes, nose, throat, neck (week 52)71931138 | 5) Head, ears, eyes, nose, throat, neck (week 52)71931139 | 5) Head, ears, eyes, nose, throat, neck (week 52)71931140 | 5) Head, ears, eyes, nose, throat, neck (week 52)71931141 | 5) Head, ears, eyes, nose, throat, neck (week 78)71931138 | 5) Head, ears, eyes, nose, throat, neck (week 78)71931139 | 5) Head, ears, eyes, nose, throat, neck (week 78)71931140 | 5) Head, ears, eyes, nose, throat, neck (week 78)71931141 | 6) Lymph node palpation (week -2)71931141 | 6) Lymph node palpation (week -2)71931138 | 6) Lymph node palpation (week -2)71931139 | 6) Lymph node palpation (week -2)71931140 | 6) Lymph node palpation (week 52)71931141 | 6) Lymph node palpation (week 52)71931138 | 6) Lymph node palpation (week 52)71931139 | 6) Lymph node palpation (week 52)71931140 | 6) Lymph node palpation (week 78)71931141 | 6) Lymph node palpation (week 78)71931138 | 6) Lymph node palpation (week 78)71931139 | 6) Lymph node palpation (week 78)71931140 | 7) Musculoskeletal system (week -2)71931138 | 7) Musculoskeletal system (week -2)71931139 | 7) Musculoskeletal system (week -2)71931140 | 7) Musculoskeletal system (week -2)71931141 | 7) Musculoskeletal system (week 52)71931138 | 7) Musculoskeletal system (week 52)71931139 | 7) Musculoskeletal system (week 52)71931140 | 7) Musculoskeletal system (week 52)71931141 | 7) Musculoskeletal system (week 78)71931139 | 7) Musculoskeletal system (week 78)71931140 | 7) Musculoskeletal system (week 78)71931141 | 7) Musculoskeletal system (week 78)71931138 | 8) Respiratory system (week -2)71931140 | 8) Respiratory system (week -2)71931141 | 8) Respiratory system (week -2)71931138 | 8) Respiratory system (week -2)71931139 | 8) Respiratory system (week 52)71931140 | 8) Respiratory system (week 52)71931141 | 8) Respiratory system (week 52)71931138 | 8) Respiratory system (week 52)71931139 | 8) Respiratory system (week 78)71931138 | 8) Respiratory system (week 78)71931139 | 8) Respiratory system (week 78)71931140 | 8) Respiratory system (week 78)71931141 | 9) Skin (week -2)71931138 | 9) Skin (week -2)71931139 | 9) Skin (week -2)71931140 | 9) Skin (week -2)71931141 | 9) Skin (week 52)71931140 | 9) Skin (week 52)71931141 | 9) Skin (week 52)71931138 | 9) Skin (week 52)71931139 | 9) Skin (week 78)71931138 | 9) Skin (week 78)71931139 | 9) Skin (week 78)71931140 | 9) Skin (week 78)71931141 | 10) Thyroid gland (week -2)71931138 | 10) Thyroid gland (week -2)71931139 | 10) Thyroid gland (week -2)71931140 | 10) Thyroid gland (week -2)71931141 | 10) Thyroid gland (week 52)71931138 | 10) Thyroid gland (week 52)71931139 | 10) Thyroid gland (week 52)71931140 | 10) Thyroid gland (week 52)71931141 | 10) Thyroid gland (week 78)71931139 | 10) Thyroid gland (week 78)71931141 | 10) Thyroid gland (week 78)71931138 | 10) Thyroid gland (week 78)71931140 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abnormal NCS | Abnormal CS | Normal | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 431 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 425 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 432 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 424 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 30 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 38 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 30 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 398 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 396 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 404 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 399 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 24 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 36 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 28 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 37 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 395 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 386 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 402 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 33 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 24 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 410 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 415 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 407 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 409 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 44 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 42 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 49 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 43 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 376 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 382 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 388 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 385 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 45 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 38 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 42 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 377 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 376 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 384 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 43 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 43 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 37 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 419 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 421 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 420 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 421 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 45 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 39 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 45 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 45 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 386 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 402 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 397 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 394 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 39 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 28 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 36 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 387 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 393 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 408 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 26 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 35 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 407 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 405 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 412 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 405 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 46 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 16 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 381 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 384 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 390 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 37 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 37 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 33 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 39 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 379 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 373 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 441 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 440 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 435 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 444 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 25 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 24 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 27 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 21 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 411 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 410 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 21 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 26 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 400 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 399 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 415 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 22 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 17 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 25 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 466 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 462 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 463 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 464 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 425 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 432 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 434 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 436 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 421 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 423 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 441 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 435 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 440 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 430 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 23 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 32 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 383 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 400 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 408 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 403 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 388 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 389 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 413 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 33 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 23 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 458 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 451 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 462 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 456 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 418 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 427 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 431 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 429 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 418 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 427 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 434 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 394 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 394 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 402 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 66 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 56 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 61 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 58 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 372 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 383 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 383 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 375 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 52 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 44 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 44 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 51 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 361 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 370 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 382 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 393 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 55 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 41 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 451 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 452 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 451 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 454 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 413 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 425 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 427 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 411 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 418 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 433 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Participants who achieved HbA1c less than 7.0 % without severe or blood glucose (BG) confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia and without weight gain (yes/no) at weeks 26, 52 and 78 are presented. Severe hypoglycaemia was defined as an episode requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate or glucagon, or take other corrective actions. BG-confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia was defined as an episode with plasma glucose value <3.1 mmol/L with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Week 26, week 52, week 78
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 2671931141 | Week 2671931138 | Week 2671931139 | Week 2671931140 | Week 5271931138 | Week 5271931141 | Week 5271931139 | Week 5271931140 | Week 7871931140 | Week 7871931141 | Week 7871931138 | Week 7871931139 | |||||||||||||
| Yes | No | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 155 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 208 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 90 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 348 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 283 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 228 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 356 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 87 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 134 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 195 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 87 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 340 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 297 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 239 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 349 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 85 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 136 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 151 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 84 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 336 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 288 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 274 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 355 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Participants who achieved HbA1c <7.0% (American Diabetes Association (ADA) target) (yes/no), was evaluated at weeks 26, 52 and 78. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Week 26, week 52, week 78
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 2671931138 | Week 2671931139 | Week 2671931140 | Week 2671931141 | Week 5271931138 | Week 5271931139 | Week 5271931140 | Week 5271931141 | Week 7871931138 | Week 7871931139 | Week 7871931140 | Week 7871931141 | |||||||||||||
| Yes | No | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 116 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 192 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 246 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 144 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 319 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 246 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 190 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 302 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 113 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 168 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 238 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 138 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 314 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 263 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 196 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 298 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 165 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 191 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 129 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 308 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 259 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 234 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 310 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Participants who achieved HbA1c less than or equal to 6.5% (American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) target) (yes/no) at weeks 26, 52 and 78 are presented. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Week 26, week 52, week 78
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 2671931138 | Week 2671931140 | Week 2671931139 | Week 2671931141 | Week 5271931138 | Week 5271931139 | Week 5271931141 | Week 5271931140 | Week 7871931138 | Week 7871931139 | Week 7871931140 | Week 7871931141 | |||||||||||||
| Yes | No | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 55 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 116 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 161 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 61 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 380 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 322 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 275 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 385 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 99 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 146 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 59 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 372 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 332 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 288 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 377 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 49 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 100 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 129 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 60 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 324 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 296 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 379 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Participants who achieved HbA1c reduction more than or equal to 1% of their baseline HbA1c and weight loss of more than or equal to 3% of their baseline body weight (yes/no) at weeks 26, 52 and 78 are presented. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Week 26, week 52, week 78
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 2671931140 | Week 2671931141 | Week 2671931138 | Week 2671931139 | Week 5271931138 | Week 5271931139 | Week 5271931140 | Week 5271931141 | Week 7871931138 | Week 7871931139 | Week 7871931140 | Week 7871931141 | |||||||||||||
| Yes | No | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 55 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 117 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 166 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 43 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 380 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 321 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 403 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 73 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 106 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 164 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 51 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 354 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 325 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 270 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 385 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 76 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 113 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 149 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 60 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 345 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 311 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 276 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 379 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Participants who achieved weight loss more than or equal to 10% of their baseline body weight (yes/no) at weeks 26, 52 and 78 are presented. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Week 26, week 52, week 78
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 2671931141 | Week 2671931138 | Week 2671931139 | Week 2671931140 | Week 5271931139 | Week 5271931138 | Week 5271931140 | Week 5271931141 | Week 7871931138 | Week 7871931139 | Week 7871931140 | Week 7871931141 | |||||||||||||
| Yes | No | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 23 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 29 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 433 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 417 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 410 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 439 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 48 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 415 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 402 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 387 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 43 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 46 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 17 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 413 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 382 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 382 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 426 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Participants who achieved weight loss more than or equal to 5% of their baseline body weight (yes/no) at weeks 26, 52 and 78 are presented. Results are based on the data from the in-trial observation period, which was the time period from when a participant was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication and/or premature discontinuation of trial product. (NCT02607865)
Timeframe: Week 26, week 52, week 78
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 2671931138 | Week 2671931139 | Week 2671931140 | Week 2671931141 | Week 5271931138 | Week 5271931139 | Week 5271931141 | Week 5271931140 | Week 7871931138 | Week 7871931139 | Week 7871931140 | Week 7871931141 | |||||||||||||
| Yes | No | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 53 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 81 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 131 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 45 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 385 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 359 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 308 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 402 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 66 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 118 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 147 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 50 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 362 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 315 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 288 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 387 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 83 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 115 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 139 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 59 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 3 mg | 342 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 7 mg | 310 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oral Semaglutide 14 mg | 289 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 384 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Blood samples were collected from participants at specific time points to evaluate FPG to monitor for potential hyperglycemia. The last measurement collected prior to the first dose of randomized study treatment was considered as Baseline value. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. The analysis was performed using a MMRM model. (NCT02683746)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | Mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Albiglutide Liquid | -2.22 |
| Albiglutide Lyophilized | -1.88 |
Blood samples will be collected from participants at specific time points to evaluate HbA1c to monitor for potential hyperglycemia. The last measurement collected prior to the first dose of randomized study treatment was considered as Baseline value. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. The analysis was performed using a mixed-effect model with repeated measures (MMRM) method. The primary analysis will include all HbA1c values collected at scheduled visits from Week 4 up to Week 26. This will include values after hyperglycemia rescue and discontinuation from investigational product. Imputation under the non-inferiority null hypothesis for missing data will be incorporated. (NCT02683746)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of total hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Albiglutide Liquid | -1.12 |
| Albiglutide Lyophilized | -1.18 |
Number of participants with ISR incidences were evaluated at specific time points. Each week included those participants with the onset of an ISR during that particular week as well as those participants with ISR from previous weeks that have not resolved. (NCT02683746)
Timeframe: Up to Week 34
| Intervention | Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Albiglutide Liquid | 17 |
| Albiglutide Lyophilized | 18 |
Blood samples were obtained from participants at specific time points before administration of study treatment. The presence of anti-albiglutide antibodies was assessed using a validated enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The assay involves screening, confirmation, and titration steps (tiered-testing approach). Number of participants with positive anti- albiglutide antibody results at 'any visit post-Baseline' are presented. (NCT02683746)
Timeframe: Up to Week 34
| Intervention | Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Albiglutide Liquid | 17 |
| Albiglutide Lyophilized | 16 |
Blood samples were collected from participants at specific time points to evaluate FPG to monitor for potential hyperglycemia. The last measurement collected prior to the first dose of randomized study treatment was considered as Baseline value. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. The analysis was performed using a MMRM model. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles). (NCT02683746)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to Week 26
| Intervention | Mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 1; n= 148, 144 | Week 2; n= 143, 145 | Week 3; n= 145, 140 | Week 4; n= 142, 145 | Week 5; n= 146, 143 | Week 6; n= 145, 145 | Week 7; n= 146, 144 | Week 8; n= 143, 141 | Week 9; n= 142, 141 | Week 10; n= 141, 142 | Week 11; n= 141, 139 | Week 12; n= 137, 137 | Week 13; n= 140, 136 | Week 16; n= 140, 140 | Week 20; n= 139, 134 | Week 26; n= 141, 136 | |
| Albiglutide Liquid | -1.04 | -1.52 | -1.71 | -1.93 | -2.04 | -2.07 | -1.93 | -2.19 | -2.05 | -2.03 | -2.01 | -2.16 | -2.04 | -2.02 | -1.87 | -2.22 |
| Albiglutide Lyophilized | -1.29 | -1.77 | -1.70 | -1.91 | -2.23 | -2.22 | -2.20 | -2.38 | -2.08 | -2.17 | -2.12 | -2.19 | -2.09 | -2.09 | -1.90 | -1.88 |
Blood samples were collected from participants at specific time points to evaluate HbA1c to monitor for potential hyperglycemia. The last measurement collected prior to the first dose of randomized study treatment was considered as Baseline value. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. The analysis was performed using a MMRM model and model-adjusted least square mean (LS mean) and standard error have been presented. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles). (NCT02683746)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to Week 26
| Intervention | Percent of total hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4; n= 148, 149 | Week 8; 145, 147 | Week 12; n= 137, 145 | Week 16; n= 136, 144 | Week 20; n= 137, 142 | Week 26; n= 138, 141 | |
| Albiglutide Liquid | -0.50 | -0.96 | -1.15 | -1.25 | -1.24 | -1.16 |
| Albiglutide Lyophilized | -0.54 | -1.02 | -1.23 | -1.27 | -1.26 | -1.17 |
Chemistry parameters for which PCC values were identified were alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (if value >3 * upper limit of normal [ULN]), albumin (if value >5 gram/liter [g/L] above ULN or below lower limit of normal [LLN]), alkaline phosphatase (alk.phosph.) (if value >3*ULN), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (if value >3*ULN), total bilirubin (if value >1.5 ULN), calcium (if value <1.8 or >3.0 millimoles per liter [mmol/L]), carbon di oxide (CO2) (if value <16 or >40 mmol/L), creatinine (if value >159 micromoles per liter [µmol/L]), direct bilirubin (if value >1.35*ULN), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) (if value >3*ULN), potassium (if value >0.5 mmol/L below LLN and >1.0 mmol/L above ULN), protein (if value >15 g/L above ULN or below LLN), sodium (>5 mmol/L below LLN or above ULN), urate (if value >654 µmol/L) and urea (if value >2*ULN). Number of participants with chemistry parameters of PCC at 'any visit post-Baseline' are presented. (NCT02683746)
Timeframe: Up to Week 26
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALT; >3*ULN | Albumin; >5 g/L below LLN | Albumin; >5 g/L above ULN | Alk.phosph.; >3*ULN | AST; >3*ULN | Bilirubin; >1.5*ULN | Calcium; <1.8 mmol/L | Calcium; >3.0 mmol/L | CO2; <16 mmol/L | CO2; >40 mmol/L | Creatinine; >159 µmol/L | Direct bilirubin; >1.35ULN | GGT; >3*ULN | Potassium; >0.5 mmol/L below LLN | Potassium; >1.0 mmol/L above ULN | Protein; >15 g/L below LLN | Protein; >15 g/L above ULN | Sodium; >5 mmol/L below LLN | Sodium; >5 mmol/L above ULN | Urate; >654 µmol/L | Urea; >2*ULN | |
| Albiglutide Liquid | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Albiglutide Lyophilized | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Single measurements of 12-lead ECG were obtained in semi recumbent position using an ECG machine that automatically calculates the heart rate and measures PR and QT interval corrected for heart rate according to Fridericia's formula (QTcF). Number of participants with ECG values of PCC at 'any visit post-Baseline' are presented. ECG mean heart rate values <50 or >120, PR interval >300 milliseconds (msec), QRS interval >200 msec, QTcF interval >=500 msec were considered as PCC values. Number of participants with PCC values of ECG parameters for 'any visit post-Baseline' are presented. (NCT02683746)
Timeframe: Up to Week 26
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ECG mean heart rate; <50 bpm | ECG mean heart rate; >120 bpm | PR interval; >300 msec | QRS duration; >200 msec | QTcF interval; >=500 msec | |
| Albiglutide Liquid | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Albiglutide Lyophilized | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Hematology parameters for which PCC values were identified were hematocrit (if value >0.05 below LLN or >0.04 above ULN), Hemoglobin (Hb) (if value >20 g/L below LLN or >10 g/L above ULN), lymphocytes (if value <0.5*LLN), neutrophils (if value <1 giga unit per liter [GI/L]) and platelets (if value <80 GI/L or >500 GI/L). Number of participants with hematology parameters of PCC at 'any visit post-Baseline' are presented. (NCT02683746)
Timeframe: Up to Week 26
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hematocrit; >0.05 (fraction of 1) below LLN | Hematocrit; >0.04 (fraction of 1) above ULN | Hb; >20 g/L below LLN | Hb; >10 g/L above ULN | Lymphocytes; <0.5*LLN | Neutrophils; <1 GI/L | Platelets; <80 GI/L | Platelets; >500 GI/L | |
| Albiglutide Liquid | 2 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Albiglutide Lyophilized | 6 | 2 | 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical investigation participant, temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. SAE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence that, at any dose results in death, is life threatening, requires hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in disability, is a congenital anomaly/ birth effect, other situations and is associated with liver injury or impaired liver function. (NCT02683746)
Timeframe: Up to Week 26
| Intervention | Participnats (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| AEs | SAEs | |
| Albiglutide Liquid | 101 | 7 |
| Albiglutide Lyophilized | 94 | 9 |
Vital signs including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and pulse rate were measured in a seated position after at least 5 minutes of rest. SBP values <100 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and >170 mmHg, DBP values <50 mmHg and >110 mmHg, pulse rate values <50 beats per minute (bpm) and >120 bpm were considered as PCC values. Number of participants with PCC values of vital signs for 'any visit post-Baseline' are presented. (NCT02683746)
Timeframe: Up to Week 34
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SBP: <100 mmHg | SBP; >170 mmHg | DBP; <50 mmHg | DBP; > 110 mmHg | Pulse rate; < 50 bpm | Pulse rate; > 120 bpm | |
| Albiglutide Liquid | 18 | 11 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 1 |
| Albiglutide Lyophilized | 16 | 13 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0 |
Blood samples were collected at indicated time points for pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of albiglutide. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X in the category titles). (NCT02683746)
Timeframe: Pre-dose at Week 12 and Week 26
| Intervention | Nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12; n= 127, 130 | Week 26; n= 127, 127 | |
| Albiglutide Liquid | 3996.9 | 4196.6 |
| Albiglutide Lyophilized | 3927.1 | 3929.1 |
Change in mean 7-point self-measured plasma glucose after 52 weeks. Subjects were instructed to measure their plasma glucose at following timepoints: before breakfast, 90 minutes after start of breakfast, before lunch, 90 minutes after start of lunch, before dinner, 90 minutes after start of dinner and at bedtime. Mean 7-point SMPG was defined as the area under the profile (calculated using the trapezoidal method) divided by time. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | -2.309 |
| Placebo | -0.748 |
Change in BMI SDS from baseline to week 52. BMI SDS was calculated using the following formula: Z=[(value /M)^L - 1] / S*L; where L, M and S are median (M), skewness (L) and variation coefficient (S) of children/adolescents' BMI provided for each sex and age. For each subject, a standard deviation score Z (SDS) was calculated based on age and sex referring to the values L, M and S. The method is described in the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference, which also contains the values for L, M and S by age and sex. For Z (SDS) scores below -3 and above 3, the score was adjusted as described in the WHO instruction. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | SDS score (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | -0.361 |
| Placebo | -0.166 |
Change in BMI SDS from baseline to week 26. BMI SDS was calculated using the following formula: Z=[(value /M)^L - 1] / S*L; where L, M and S are median (M), skewness (L) and variation coefficient (S) of children/adolescents' BMI provided for each sex and age. For each subject, a standard deviation score Z (SDS) was calculated based on age and sex referring to the values L, M and S. The method is described in the world health organisation (WHO) Multicentre Growth Reference, which also contains the values for L, M and S by age and sex. For Z (SDS) scores below -3 and above 3, the score was adjusted as described in the WHO instruction. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | SDS score (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | -0.254 |
| Placebo | -0.208 |
Change from baseline in body weight after 26 weeks. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | -2.48 |
| Placebo | -0.87 |
Change from baseline in body weight after 52 weeks. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | -2.27 |
| Placebo | 1.02 |
Change in FPG from baseline to week 26. All available data were used for the analysis, including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | -1.076 |
| Placebo | 0.801 |
Change in height SDS from baseline to week 26. Height SDS was calculated using the following formula: Z=[(value /M)^L - 1] / S*L; where L, M and S are median (M), skewness (L) and variation coefficient (S) of children/adolescents' height provided for each sex and age. For each subject, a standard deviation score Z (SDS) was calculated based on age and sex referring to the values L, M and S. The method is described in the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference, which also contains the values for L, M and S by age and sex. For Z (SDS) scores below -3 and above 3, the score was adjusted as described in the WHO instruction. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | SDS score (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | -0.100 |
| Placebo | -0.042 |
Change in height SDS from baseline to week 52. Height SDS was calculated using the following formula: Z=[(value /M)^L - 1] / S*L; where L, M and S are median (M), skewness (L) and variation coefficient (S) of children/adolescents' height provided for each sex and age. For each subject, a standard deviation score Z (SDS) was calculated based on age and sex referring to the values L, M and S. The method is described in the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference, which also contains the values for L, M and S by age and sex. For Z (SDS) scores below -3 and above 3, the score was adjusted as described in the WHO instruction. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | SDS score (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | -0.192 |
| Placebo | -0.134 |
Change from baseline in pulse 26 weeks. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | beats/minute (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 1.40 |
| Placebo | 0.33 |
Change from baseline in pulse 52 weeks. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | beats/minute (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | -0.05 |
| Placebo | -0.28 |
Change in bone age from week 52 to week 104. This outcome is applicable only for the Liraglutide 1.8 mg treatment arm. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 52, week 104
| Intervention | Years (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 | 1.231 |
Change in bone age from week 52 to week 156. This outcome measure is applicable only for the Liraglutide 1.8 mg treatment arm. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 52, week 156
| Intervention | Years (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 and 2 | 1.778 |
Change in height SDS from week 52 to week 104. Height SDS was calculated using the following formula: Z=[(value /M)^L - 1] / S*L; where L, M and S are median (M), skewness (L) and variation coefficient (S) of children/adolescents' height provided for each sex and age. For each subject, a standard deviation score Z (SDS) was calculated based on age and sex referring to the values L, M and S. The method is described in the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference, which also contains the values for L, M and S by age and sex. For Z (SDS) scores below -3 and above 3, the score was adjusted as described in the WHO instruction. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. This outcome is applicable only for the Liraglutide 1.8 mg treatment arm. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 52, week 104
| Intervention | SDS score (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 | -0.133 |
Change in height SDS from week 52 to week 156. Height SDS was calculated using the following formula: Z=[(value /M)^L - 1] / S*L; where L, M and S are median (M), skewness (L) and variation coefficient (S) of children/adolescents' height provided for each sex and age. For each subject, a standard deviation score Z (SDS) was calculated based on age and sex referring to the values L, M and S. The method is described in the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference, which also contains the values for L, M and S by age and sex. For Z (SDS) scores below -3 and above 3, the score was adjusted as described in the WHO instruction. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. This outcome measure is applicable only for the Liraglutide 1.8 mg treatment arm. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 52, week 156
| Intervention | SDS score (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 and 2 | -0.224 |
Change in bone age from baseline to week 52. If the baseline (week 0) bone age assessment indicated that all epiphyses were fused, then the assessment was not repeated at week 52. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | years (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 1.197 |
| Placebo | 1.088 |
Change in FPG from baseline to week 52. All available data were used for the analysis, including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | -1.627 |
| Placebo | 0.983 |
Change in HbA1c from baseline to week 52. All available data were used for the analysis, including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | percentage of HbA1c (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | -0.732 |
| Placebo | 0.677 |
Change in HbA1c from baseline to week 26. All available data were used for the primary analysis, including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | -0.643 |
| Placebo | 0.415 |
Change in mean 7-point self-measured plasma glucose after 26 weeks. Subjects were instructed to measure their plasma glucose at following timepoints: before breakfast, 90 minutes after start of breakfast, before lunch, 90 minutes after start of lunch, before dinner, 90 minutes after start of dinner and at bedtime. Mean 7-point SMPG was defined as the area under the profile (calculated using the trapezoidal method) divided by time. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | -2.384 |
| Placebo | 0.198 |
Change in mean post-prandial increment across all three meals (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) after 26 weeks. Post-prandial increment for each meal (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) was derived from the 7-point SMPG profile as the difference between post-prandial plasma glucose values and the plasma glucose values before the meal. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | -0.428 |
| Placebo | -0.362 |
Change in mean post-prandial increment across all three meals (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) after 52 weeks. Post-prandial increment for each meal (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) was derived from the 7-point SMPG profile as the difference between post-prandial plasma glucose values and the plasma glucose values before the meal. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | -0.747 |
| Placebo | -0.397 |
Growth (i.e., height velocity) is the change in height per year and is measured in cm/year. The height velocity was calculated as the difference between current height and height at baseline (week 0) divided by the time (in days) between those measurement time points and multiplied by 365 days. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | cm/year (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 1.633 |
| Placebo | 2.486 |
Growth (i.e., height velocity) is the change in height per year and is measured in cm/year. The height velocity was calculated as the difference between current height and height at baseline (week 0) divided by the time (in days) between those measurement time points and multiplied by 365 days. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | cm/year (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 1.345 |
| Placebo | 1.817 |
Growth (i.e., height velocity) is the change in height per year and is measured in cm/year. The height velocity was calculated as the difference between current height and height at baseline (week 0) divided by the time (in days) between those measurement time points and multiplied by 365 days. This outcome is applicable only for the Liraglutide 1.8 mg treatment arm. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 104
| Intervention | cm/year (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 | 1.149 |
Growth (i.e., height velocity) is the change in height per year and is measured in cm/year. The height velocity was calculated as the difference between current height and height at baseline (week 0) divided by the time (in days) between those measurement time points and multiplied by 365 days. This outcome measure is applicable only for the Liraglutide 1.8 mg treatment arm. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 156
| Intervention | cm/year (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 and 2 | 1.100 |
Height velocity SDS scores at week 26. Height velocity is change in height per year. The height velocity was calculated as the difference between current height and height at baseline (week 0) divided by time between those measurement time points and multiplied by 365 days. Height velocity SDS was calculated using following formula: Z=[(value /M)^L - 1] / S*L; where L, M and S are median (M), skewness (L) and variation coefficient (S) of children/adolescents' height provided for each sex and age. For each subject, a standard deviation score Z (SDS) was calculated based on age and sex referring to the values L, M and S. The method is described in the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference, which also contains the values for L, M and S by age and sex. For Z (SDS) scores below -3 and above 3, the score was adjusted as described in the WHO instruction. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | SDS score (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | -1.24 |
| Placebo | -0.557 |
Height velocity SDS scores at week 52. Height velocity is change in height per year. The height velocity was calculated as the difference between current height and height at baseline (week 0) divided by time between those measurement time points and multiplied by 365 days. Height velocity SDS was calculated using following formula: Z=[(value /M)^L - 1] / S*L; where L, M and S are median (M), skewness (L) and variation coefficient (S) of children/adolescents' height provided for each sex and age. For each subject, a standard deviation score Z (SDS) was calculated based on age and sex referring to the values L, M and S. The method is described in the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference, which also contains the values for L, M and S by age and sex. For Z (SDS) scores below -3 and above 3, the score was adjusted as described in the WHO instruction. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | SDS score (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | -0.887 |
| Placebo | -0.551 |
The height velocity was calculated as the difference between current height and height at baseline (week 0) divided by time between those measurement time points and multiplied by 365 days. Height velocity SDS was calculated using following formula: Z=[(value /M)^L - 1] / S*L; where L, M and S are median (M), skewness (L) and variation coefficient (S) of children/adolescents' height provided for each sex and age. For each subject, a standard deviation score Z (SDS) was calculated based on age and sex referring to the values L, M and S. The method is described in the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference, which also contains the values for L, M and S by age and sex. For Z (SDS) scores below -3 and above 3, the score was adjusted as described in the WHO instruction. This outcome is applicable only for the Liraglutide 1.8 mg treatment arm. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 104
| Intervention | SDS score (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 | -0.523 |
The height velocity was calculated as the difference between current height and height at baseline (week 0) divided by time between those measurement time points and multiplied by 365 days. Height velocity SDS was calculated using following formula: Z=[(value /M)^L - 1] / S*L; where L, M and S are median (M), skewness (L) and variation coefficient (S) of children/adolescents' height provided for each sex and age. For each subject, a standard deviation score Z (SDS) was calculated based on age and sex referring to the values L, M and S. The method is described in the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference, which also contains the values for L, M and S by age and sex. For Z (SDS) scores below -3 and above 3, the score was adjusted as described in the WHO instruction. This outcome measure is applicable only for the Liraglutide 1.8 mg treatment arm. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 156
| Intervention | SDS score (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 and 2 | 0.142 |
Total number of adverse events during 26 weeks. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: 0-26 weeks
| Intervention | events (Number) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 310 |
| Placebo | 230 |
Total number of adverse events during entire treatment period. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: 0-52 weeks
| Intervention | events (Number) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 426 |
| Placebo | 321 |
This outcome is applicable only for the Liraglutide 1.8 mg treatment arm. Number of adverse events reported during follow-up 1 (week 53 to 104). (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 53-104
| Intervention | events (Number) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 | 30 |
This outcome measure is applicable only for the Liraglutide 1.8 mg treatment arm. Number of adverse events reported during the follow-up period (weeks 53 to 156). (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 53-156
| Intervention | events (Number) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 and 2 | 47 |
Total number of hypoglycaemic episodes according to American Diabetes Association (ADA) classification from baseline (week 0) to week 26. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: 0-26 weeks
| Intervention | hypoglycaemic episodes (Number) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 92 |
| Placebo | 43 |
Total number of hypoglycaemic episodes according to American Diabetes Association (ADA) classification from baseline (week 0) to week 52. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: 0-52 weeks
| Intervention | hypoglycaemic episodes (Number) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 160 |
| Placebo | 63 |
Total number of serious adverse events during 26 weeks. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: 0-26 weeks
| Intervention | events (Number) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 7 |
| Placebo | 4 |
Total number of serious adverse events during entire treatment period. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: 0-52 weeks
| Intervention | events (Number) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 10 |
| Placebo | 5 |
This outcome is applicable only for the Liraglutide 1.8 mg treatment arm. Number of serious adverse events reported during follow up 1 (week 53 to 104). (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Weeks 53-104
| Intervention | events (Number) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 | 7 |
This outcome measure is applicable only for the Liraglutide 1.8 mg treatment arm. Number of serious adverse events reported during the follow up period (week 53 to 156). (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Weeks 53-156
| Intervention | events (Number) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 and 2 | 9 |
Percentage of subjects having HbA1c <7.0%. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 63.7 |
| Placebo | 36.5 |
Ratio to baseline (fasting C-peptide) at week 26. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 0.93 |
| Placebo | 0.84 |
Ratio to baseline (fasting C-peptide) at week 52. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 0.94 |
| Placebo | 0.83 |
Ratio to baseline (fasting glucagon) at week 26. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 0.98 |
| Placebo | 1.03 |
Ratio to baseline (fasting glucagon) at week 52. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 1.01 |
| Placebo | 1.05 |
Ratio to baseline (fasting insulin) at week 26. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 0.9 |
| Placebo | 1.0 |
Ratio to baseline (fasting insulin) at week 52. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 1.0 |
| Placebo | 1.1 |
Ratio to baseline (fasting pro-insulin) at week 26. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 0.62 |
| Placebo | 0.88 |
Ratio to baseline (fasting pro-insulin) at week 52. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 0.62 |
| Placebo | 0.79 |
Ratio to baseline (free fatty acids) after 26 weeks. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 1.023 |
| Placebo | 0.985 |
Ratio to baseline (free fatty acids) after 52 weeks. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 0.928 |
| Placebo | 0.868 |
Ratio to baseline (HDL cholesterol) after 52 weeks. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 1.028 |
| Placebo | 1.000 |
Ratio to baseline (HDL cholesterol) after 26 weeks. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 0.997 |
| Placebo | 0.981 |
Ratio to baseline (HOMA-B) after 52 weeks. HOMA-B is an index of beta-cell function and was calculated from fasting insulin. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 1.48 |
| Placebo | 0.93 |
Ratio to baseline (HOMA-IR) after 52 weeks. HOMA-IR is an index of insulin resistance and was calculated from fasting insulin. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 0.82 |
| Placebo | 1.08 |
Ratio to baseline (HOMA-IR) after 26 weeks. HOMA-IR is an index of insulin resistance and was calculated from fasting insulin. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 0.73 |
| Placebo | 0.98 |
Ratio to baseline (HOMA-B) after 26 weeks. HOMA-B is an index of beta-cell function and was calculated from fasting insulin. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 1.24 |
| Placebo | 1.01 |
Ratio to baseline (LDL cholesterol) after 52 weeks. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 1.042 |
| Placebo | 1.035 |
Ratio to baseline (LDL cholesterol) after 26 weeks. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 0.998 |
| Placebo | 0.993 |
Ratio to baseline (Pro-insulin/insulin ratio) after week 26. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 0.690 |
| Placebo | 0.923 |
Ratio to baseline (Pro-insulin/insulin ratio) after week 52. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 0.689 |
| Placebo | 0.770 |
Ratio to baseline (total cholesterol) after 26 weeks. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 0.975 |
| Placebo | 1.008 |
Ratio to baseline (total cholesterol) after 52 weeks. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 1.013 |
| Placebo | 1.026 |
Ratio to baseline (triglycerides) after 26 weeks. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 0.894 |
| Placebo | 1.038 |
Ratio to baseline (triglycerides) after 52 weeks. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 0.964 |
| Placebo | 1.036 |
Ratio to baseline (VLDL cholesterol) after 26 weeks. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 0.890 |
| Placebo | 1.035 |
Ratio to baseline (VLDL cholesterol) after 52 weeks. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 0.983 |
| Placebo | 1.003 |
Change in blood pressure (systolic and diastolic blood pressure) after 26 weeks. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Systolic Blood Pressure | Diastolic Blood Pressure | |
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | -1.65 | -1.27 |
| Placebo | 0.03 | 0.97 |
Change in blood pressure (systolic and diastolic blood pressure) after 52 weeks. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Systolic Blood Pressure | Diastolic Blood Pressure | |
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | -0.77 | 0.46 |
| Placebo | 2.81 | 1.83 |
Change in post-prandial increments (from before meal to 90 min after breakfast, lunch, and dinner) after 26 weeks. Post-prandial increment for each meal (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) was derived from the 7-point SMPG profile as the difference between post-prandial plasma glucose values and the plasma glucose values before the meal. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Breakfast | Lunch | Dinner | |
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | -1.528 | -0.358 | 0.397 |
| Placebo | -0.319 | -0.658 | -0.226 |
Change in post-prandial increments (from before meal to 90 min after breakfast, lunch, and dinner) after 52 weeks. Post-prandial increment for each meal (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) was derived from the 7-point SMPG profile as the difference between post-prandial plasma glucose values and the plasma glucose values before the meal. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Breakfast | Lunch | Dinner | |
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | -1.802 | -0.735 | -0.028 |
| Placebo | 0.053 | -1.219 | -0.195 |
Number of subjects achieving HbA1c <7.0% after 52 weeks. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 27 | 29 |
| Placebo | 16 | 36 |
"Number of subjects achieving HbA1c <7.0% without severe or minor hypoglycaemic episodes after 26 weeks.~Severe hypoglycaemia: An episode requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions.~Minor hypoglycaemia was defined as meeting either of the below criteria:~an episode with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia with confirmation by blood glucose <2.8 mmol/L (50 mg/dL) or plasma glucose <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL), and which was handled by the subject him/herself~any asymptomatic blood glucose value <2.8 mmol/L (50 mg/dL) or plasma glucose value <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication." (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 31 | 28 |
| Placebo | 21 | 37 |
"Number of subjects achieving HbA1c <7.0% without severe or minor hypoglycaemic episodes after 52 weeks.~Severe hypoglycaemia: An episode requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions.~Minor hypoglycaemia was defined as meeting either of the below criteria:~an episode with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia with confirmation by blood glucose <2.8 mmol/L (50 mg/dL) or plasma glucose <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL), and which was handled by the subject him/herself~any asymptomatic blood glucose value <2.8 mmol/L (50 mg/dL) or plasma glucose value <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication." (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 22 | 34 |
| Placebo | 16 | 36 |
Number of subjects achieving HbA1c <7.5% after 26 weeks. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 43 | 16 |
| Placebo | 29 | 29 |
Number of subjects achieving HbA1c <7.5% after 52 weeks. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 36 | 20 |
| Placebo | 23 | 29 |
Number of subjects achieving HbA1c <=6.5% after 26 weeks. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 28 | 31 |
| Placebo | 19 | 39 |
Number of subjects achieving HbA1c <=6.5% after 52 weeks. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation and initiation of rescue medication. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 25 | 31 |
| Placebo | 13 | 39 |
"Pubertal development was assessed in 3 areas (breast, penis and pubic hair development) by the Tanner staging in accordance with stages I-V, where stage I represents pre-adoloscent development and stage V represents pubertal development equivalent to that of an adult. The Tanner staging assessment was no longer required to be performed once a subject reached the Tanner stage V, as judged by the investigator. Reported results are number of subjects at different Tanner stages at week 52 and week 104. This outcome is applicable only for the Liraglutide 1.8 mg treatment arm." (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 52, week 104
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female- Breast development- Week 5272043036 | Female- Breast development- Week 10472043036 | Male- Penis development- Week 5272043036 | Male- Penis development- Week 10472043036 | Female- Pubic hair development- Week 5272043036 | Female- Pubic hair development- Week 10472043036 | Male- Pubic hair development- Week 5272043036 | Male- Pubic hair development- Week 10472043036 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stage III | Stage IV | Stage II | Stage I | Stage V | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 | 21 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 | 22 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 | 13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 | 14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
"Pubertal development was assessed in 3 areas (breast, penis and pubic hair development) by the Tanner staging in accordance with stages I-V, where stage I represents pre-adoloscent development and stage V represents pubertal development equivalent to that of an adult. The Tanner staging assessment was no longer required to be performed once a subject reached the Tanner stage V, as judged by the investigator. Reported results are number of subjects at different Tanner stages at week 52 and week 156. This outcome measure is applicable only for the Liraglutide 1.8 mg treatment arm." (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 52, week 156
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female- Breast development- Week 5272043037 | Female- Breast development- Week 15672043037 | Male- Penis development- Week 5272043037 | Male- Penis development- Week 15672043037 | Female- Pubic hair development- Week 5272043037 | Female- Pubic hair development- Week 15672043037 | Male- Pubic hair development- Week 5272043037 | Male- Pubic hair development- Week 15672043037 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stage I | Stage II | Stage III | Stage V | Stage IV | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 and 2 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 and 2 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 and 2 | 21 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 and 2 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 and 2 | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 and 2 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 and 2 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 and 2 | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 and 2 | 22 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 and 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 and 2 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 and 2 | 14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg: Follow-up 1 and 2 | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pubertal development was assessed in 3 areas (breast, penis and pubic hair development) by the Tanner staging in accordance with stages I-V. The Tanner staging assessment was no longer required to be performed once a subject reached the Tanner stage V, as judged by the investigator. Reported results are number of participants at different Tanner stages at week 0, week 26 and week 52. (NCT01541215)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26, week 52
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female - Breast development - Week 072043035 | Female - Breast development - Week 072043034 | Female - Breast development - Week 2672043034 | Female - Breast development - Week 2672043035 | Female - Breast development - Week 5272043034 | Female - Breast development - Week 5272043035 | Male - Penis Development - Week 072043034 | Male - Penis Development - Week 072043035 | Male - Penis Development - Week 2672043034 | Male - Penis Development - Week 2672043035 | Male - Penis Development - Week 5272043034 | Male - Penis Development - Week 5272043035 | Pubic Hair Development - Week 072043035 | Pubic Hair Development - Week 072043034 | Pubic Hair Development - Week 2672043034 | Pubic Hair Development - Week 2672043035 | Pubic Hair Development - Week 5272043034 | Pubic Hair Development - Week 5272043035 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stage II | Stage I | Stage III | Stage IV | Stage V | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 26 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 23 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 29 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 22 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 27 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 25 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 38 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 29 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 18 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 43 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 17 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Placebo | 34 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Participants with CV death, non-fatal MI or non-fatal ischaemic stroke. If no event, censoring occurs at the patient withdrawal of consent, last contact, or death (when applicable)-whichever was later. (NCT01107886)
Timeframe: Randomization (day 0) up to 2.9 years
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin | 613 |
| Placebo | 609 |
Participants with CV death, non-fatal MI, non-fatal ischaemic stroke, hospitalisation for heart failure, hospitalisation for unstable angina pectoris, or hospitalisation for coronary revascularisation. If no event, censoring occurs at the patient withdrawal of consent, last contact, or death (when applicable)-whichever was later. (NCT01107886)
Timeframe: Randomization (day 0) up to 2.9 years
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin | 1059 |
| Placebo | 1034 |
Participants with event of death. If no event, censoring occurs at the patient withdrawal of consent, or last contact -whichever was later. (NCT01107886)
Timeframe: Randomization (day 0) up to 2.9 years
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin | 420 |
| Placebo | 378 |
"Time to death from any cause. Secondary measure for Glycemia Trial.~A finding of higher mortality in the intensive-therapy group led to an early discontinuation of therapy after a mean of 3.5 years of follow-up. Intensive arm participants were transitioned to standard arm strategy over a period of 0.2 year and followed for an additional 1.2 years to the planned end of the Glycemia Trial while participating in one of the other sub-trials (BP or Lipid)." (NCT00000620)
Timeframe: 4.9 years
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Glycemia Trial: Intensive Control | 391 |
| Glycemia Trial: Standard Control | 327 |
"Time to first occurrence of nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or cardiovascular death. This was the primary outcome measure in all three trials: Glycemia (all participants), Blood Pressure (subgroup of participants not in Lipid Trial), and Lipid (subgroup of participants not in Blood Pressure Trial).~In the Glycemia Trial, a finding of higher mortality in the intensive arm group led to an early discontinuation of therapy after a mean of 3.5 years of follow-up. Intensive arm participants were transitioned to standard arm strategy over a period of 0.2 year and followed for an additional 1.2 years to the planned end of the Glycemia Trial while participating in one of the other sub-trials (BP or Lipid) to their planned completion." (NCT00000620)
Timeframe: 4.9 years
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Glycemia Trial: Intensive Control | 503 |
| Glycemia Trial: Standard Control | 543 |
Time to first occurrence of nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or cardiovascular death. Primary outcome for Blood Pressure Trial. (NCT00000620)
Timeframe: 4.7 years
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| BP Trial: Intensive Control | 208 |
| BP Trial: Standard Control | 237 |
Time to first occurrence of nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or cardiovascular death in Lipid Trial participants. (NCT00000620)
Timeframe: 4.7 years
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Lipid Trial: Fenofibrate | 291 |
| Lipid Trial: Placebo | 310 |
Time to first occurrence of nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, cardiovascular death, revascularization procedure or hospitalization for CHF in Lipid Trial participants. (NCT00000620)
Timeframe: 4.7 years
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Lipid Trial: Fenofibrate | 641 |
| Lipid Trial: Placebo | 667 |
Time to first occurrence of nonfatal or fatal stroke among participants in the BP Trial. (NCT00000620)
Timeframe: 4.7 years
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| BP Trial: Intensive Control | 36 |
| BP Trial: Standard Control | 62 |
"Number of subjects having the adverse event incorrect dose administered within the system organ class Injury, poisoning and procedural complications" (NCT00909480)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-26
| Intervention | Subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| IDet | 12 |
| IGlar | 24 |
(NCT00909480)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| IDet | -0.49 |
| IGlar | 1 |
(NCT00909480)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | percentage point change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| IDet | -0.48 |
| IGlar | -0.74 |
(NCT00909480)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| IDet | 6.22 |
| IGlar | 6.09 |
Plasma glucose measured: before breakfast, 2 hours after breakfast, before lunch, 2 hours after lunch, before dinner, 2 hours after dinner, bedtime and at 3 am. (NCT00909480)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before breakfast (N=200, N=197) | 2 hours after breakfast (N=192, N=188) | Before Lunch (N=193, N=189) | 2 hours After Lunch (N=194, N=186) | Before Dinner (N=194, N=186) | 2 hours after dinner (N=192, N=190) | Bedtime (N=190, N=183) | At 3AM (N=193, N=186) | Before Breakfast Next Day (N=197, N=195) | |
| IDet | 5.8 | 9.1 | 7.2 | 9.7 | 8.2 | 10.3 | 9.5 | 6.6 | 5.7 |
| IGlar | 5.9 | 8.7 | 6.6 | 8.8 | 7.5 | 9.8 | 9 | 6.3 | 5.6 |
Number of hypoglycaemic episodes from Week 0 to Week 26, defined as major, minor, or symptoms only. Major if unable to treat her/himself. Minor if able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. Symptoms only if able to treat her/himself and no plasma glucose measurement or plasma glucose higher than or equal to 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT00909480)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-26
| Intervention | episodes (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Major | Minor | Symptoms only | |
| IDet | 0 | 75 | 128 |
| IGlar | 2 | 118 | 222 |
Number of hypoglycaemic episodes from Week 0 to Week 26, defined as major, minor, or symptoms only. Major if unable to treat her/himself. Minor if able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. Symptoms only if able to treat her/himself and no plasma glucose measurement or plasma glucose higher than or equal to 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT00909480)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-26
| Intervention | episodes (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Major | Minor | Symptoms only | |
| IDet | 0 | 39 | 76 |
| IGlar | 0 | 30 | 61 |
Number of hypoglycaemic episodes from Week 0 to Week 26, defined as major, minor, or symptoms only. Major if unable to treat her/himself. Minor if able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. Symptoms only if able to treat her/himself and no plasma glucose measurement or plasma glucose higher than or equal to 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT00909480)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-26
| Intervention | episodes (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Major | Minor | Symptoms only | |
| IDet | 0 | 5 | 6 |
| IGlar | 0 | 8 | 16 |
Number of hypoglycaemic episodes from Week 0 to Week 26, defined as major, minor, or symptoms only. Major if unable to treat her/himself. Minor if able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. Symptoms only if able to treat her/himself and no plasma glucose measurement or plasma glucose higher than or equal to 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT00909480)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-26
| Intervention | episodes (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All Events | Major | Minor | Symptoms only | |
| IDet | 329 | 0 | 119 | 210 |
| IGlar | 457 | 2 | 156 | 299 |
The percentage of subjects - overall and by previous OAD treatment - meeting the HbA1c of 6.5% or less (NCT00909480)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage (%) of subjects (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metformin monotherapy | Metformin+TZD | Metformin+2nd OAD other than TZD | All | |
| IDet | 22 | 13 | 5 | 11 |
| IGlar | 30 | 13 | 17 | 21 |
The percentage of subjects - overall and by previous OAD treatment - meeting the HbA1c less than or equal to 7% (NCT00909480)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metformin monotherapy | Metformin+TZD | Metformin+2nd OAD other than TZD | All | |
| IDet | 55 | 40 | 31 | 38 |
| IGlar | 70 | 40 | 47 | 53 |
The subjects must have reached target and not have experienced any confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia or any confirmed major hypoglycaemia within the last 30 days of treatment. (NCT00909480)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage (%) of subjects (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metformin monotherapy | Metformin+TZD | Metformin+2nd OAD other than TZD | All | |
| IDet | 22 | 7 | 3 | 9 |
| IGlar | 21 | 13 | 13 | 15 |
The subjects must have reached target and not have experienced any confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia or any confirmed major hypoglycaemia within the last 30 days of treatment. (NCT00909480)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage (%) of subjects (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metformin monotherapy | Metformin+TZD | Metformin+2nd OAD other than TZD | All | |
| IDet | 48 | 33 | 25 | 32 |
| IGlar | 52 | 33 | 33 | 38 |
The median values of the sample standard variation (the within subject variation) within the IDet and IGlar arms were plotted against time. (NCT00909480)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Median) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metformin Monotherapy | Metformin+TZD | Metformin+2nd OAD other than TZD | Overall | |
| IDet | 0.48 | 0.72 | 0.6 | 0.57 |
| IGlar | 0.67 | 0.84 | 0.71 | 0.71 |
Secondary endpoints were tested using sequential testing procedure and are presented in hierarchical order. Data after rescue medication was excluded from this analysis. Fasting plasma glucose was measured by a central laboratory. Baseline was defined as the last assessment prior to the start date and time of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. In cases where time of the first dose or time of the assessment was not available, baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. (NCT00528879)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 1
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo + Metformin | 1.2 |
| Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg + Metformin | -6.0 |
| Dapagliflozin, 5 mg + Metformin | -12.0 |
| Dapagliflozin, 10 mg + Metformin | -16.5 |
Secondary endpoints were tested using sequential testing procedure and are presented in hierarchical order. Data after rescue medication was excluded from this analysis. Fasting plasma glucose was measured as milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) by a central laboratory. Baseline was defined as the last assessment prior to the start date and time of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. In cases where time of the first dose or time of the assessment was not available, baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. (NCT00528879)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo + Metformin | -6.0 |
| Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg + Metformin | -17.8 |
| Dapagliflozin, 5 mg + Metformin | -21.5 |
| Dapagliflozin, 10 mg + Metformin | -23.5 |
HbA1c was measured as percent of hemoglobin by a central laboratory. Data after rescue medication was excluded from this analysis. Baseline was defined as the last assessment prior to the start date and time of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. In cases where time of the first dose or time of the assessment was not available, baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. HbA1c measurements were obtained during the qualification and lead-in periods and on Day 1 and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 in the double-blind period. (NCT00528879)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | Percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo + Metformin | -0.30 |
| Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg + Metformin | -0.67 |
| Dapagliflozin, 5 mg + Metformin | -0.70 |
| Dapagliflozin, 10 mg + Metformin | -0.84 |
Secondary endpoints were tested using sequential testing procedure and are presented in hierarchical order. Adjusted for baseline HbA1c. HbA1c was measured as percent of hemoglobin by a central laboratory. Data after rescue medication were excluded from this analysis. Baseline was defined as the last assessment prior to the start date and time of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. In cases where time of the first dose or time of the assessment was not available, baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. (NCT00528879)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | Percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo + Metformin | -0.31 |
| Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg + Metformin | -0.69 |
| Dapagliflozin, 5 mg + Metformin | -0.71 |
| Dapagliflozin, 10 mg + Metformin | -0.88 |
Secondary endpoints were tested using sequential testing procedure and are presented in hierarchical order. HbA1c was measured as percent of hemoglobin by a central laboratory. The population included those randomized participants who received treatment and had a baseline HbA1c > 9.0%. Data after rescue medication were excluded from this analysis. Baseline was defined as the last assessment prior to the start date and time of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. In cases where time of the first dose or time of the assessment was not available, baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. (NCT00528879)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | Percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo + Metformin | -0.53 |
| Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg + Metformin | -1.21 |
| Dapagliflozin, 5 mg + Metformin | -1.37 |
| Dapagliflozin, 10 mg + Metformin | -1.32 |
Secondary endpoints were tested using sequential testing procedure and are presented in hierarchical order. Adjusted mean change from baseline in total body weight at Week 24 (or the last postbaseline measurement prior to Week 24 if no Week 24 assessment was available was determined. Data after rescue medication was excluded from this analysis. Baseline was defined as the last assessment prior to the start date and time of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. In cases where time of the first dose or time of the assessment was not available, baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. Body weight measurements were obtained during the qualification and lead-in periods and on Day 1 and Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 of the double-blind period. (NCT00528879)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | Kilograms (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo + Metformin | -0.89 |
| Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg + Metformin | -2.21 |
| Dapagliflozin, 5 mg + Metformin | -3.04 |
| Dapagliflozin, 10 mg + Metformin | -2.86 |
Secondary endpoints were tested using sequential testing procedure and are presented in hierarchical order. Adjusted mean change from baseline in total body weight at Week 24 (or the last postbaseline measurement prior to Week 24 if no Week 24 assessment was available was determined.) Data after rescue medication was excluded from this analysis. Baseline was defined as the last assessment prior to the start date and time of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. In cases where time of the first dose or time of the assessment was not available, baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. Body weight measurements were obtained during the qualification and lead-in Periods and on Day 1 and Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 of the double-blind period. (NCT00528879)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | Kilograms (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo + Metformin | -1.01 |
| Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg + Metformin | -2.39 |
| Dapagliflozin, 5 mg + Metformin | -3.21 |
| Dapagliflozin, 10 mg + Metformin | -3.09 |
Secondary endpoints were tested using sequential testing procedure and are presented in hierarchical order. Percent adjusted for baseline HbA1c. Data after rescue medication was excluded from this analysis. HbA1c was measured as a percent of hemoglobin. (NCT00528879)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo + Metformin | 13.8 |
| Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg + Metformin | 20.7 |
| Dapagliflozin, 5 mg + Metformin | 14.5 |
| Dapagliflozin, 10 mg + Metformin | 25.2 |
Secondary endpoints were tested using sequential testing procedure and are presented in hierarchical order. Percent adjusted for baseline HbA1c. Therapeutic glycemic response is defined as HbA1c <7.0%. Data after rescue medication was excluded from this analysis. HbA1c was measured as a percent of hemoglobin. (NCT00528879)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo + Metformin | 25.9 |
| Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg + Metformin | 33.0 |
| Dapagliflozin, 5 mg + Metformin | 37.5 |
| Dapagliflozin, 10 mg + Metformin | 40.6 |
Blood pressure values were obtained after the participant was seated quietly for 5 minutes; at least 8 hours after the last ingestion of caffeine, alcohol, or nicotine; and in the same arm (right or left) consistently through out the study. Data after rescue were also included. Baseline was defined as the last assessment prior to the start date and time of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. In cases where time of the first dose or time of the assessment was not available, baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. (NCT00528879)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 102
| Intervention | mm Hg (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=125, 129, 129, 126) | Week 24 (n=119, 119, 122, 122) | Week 50 (n=105, 116, 111, 113) | Week 102 (n=72, 78, 88, 94) | |
| Dapagliflozin, 10 mg + Metformin | -1.0 | -1.8 | -1.2 | -1.2 |
| Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg + Metformin | -1.3 | -1.8 | -0.2 | -0.1 |
| Dapagliflozin, 5 mg + Metformin | -2.3 | -2.5 | -2.4 | -1.5 |
| Placebo + Metformin | -0.9 | -0.1 | 0.1 | -1.0 |
Blood pressure values were obtained after the participant was seated quietly for 5 minutes; at least 8 hours after the last ingestion of caffeine, alcohol, or nicotine; and in the same arm (right or left) consistently through out the study. Data after rescue were also included. Baseline was defined as the last assessment prior to the start date and time of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. In cases where time of the first dose or time of the assessment was not available, baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. (NCT00528879)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 102
| Intervention | mm Hg (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=125, 129, 129, 126) | Week 24 (n=119, 119, 122, 122) | Week 50 (n=105, 116, 111, 113) | Week 102 (n=72, 78, 88, 94) | |
| Dapagliflozin, 10 mg + Metformin | -3.0 | -5.1 | -1.9 | -0.3 |
| Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg + Metformin | -1.6 | -2.1 | -0.1 | 0.7 |
| Dapagliflozin, 5 mg + Metformin | -4.0 | -4.3 | -2.1 | -1.1 |
| Placebo + Metformin | -0.1 | -0.2 | 1.0 | 1.5 |
AE=any new unfavorable symptom, sign, or disease or worsening of a preexisting condition that may not have a causal relationship with treatment. SAE=a medical event that at any dose results in death, persistent or significant disability/incapacity, or drug dependency/abuse; is life-threatening, an important medical event, or a congenital anomaly/birth defect; or requires or prolongs hospitalization. Related=having certain, probable, possible, or missing relationship to study drug. Events captured from baseline to last dose plus 4 days for AEs and plus 30 days for SAEs during the double-blind 12-week period. Data after rescue included. (NCT00528879)
Timeframe: From Baseline to end of Long-term Period (Week 102)
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At least 1 AE | At least 1 hypoglycemia event | At least 1 related AE | Deaths | At least 1 SAE | At least 1 related SAE | SAEs leading to discontinuation | AEs leading to discontinuation | Hypoglycemia events leading to discontinuation | |
| Dapagliflozin, 10 mg + Metformin | 111 | 7 | 45 | 0 | 14 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 0 |
| Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg + Metformin | 111 | 5 | 36 | 2 | 15 | 0 | 3 | 7 | 0 |
| Dapagliflozin, 5 mg + Metformin | 111 | 7 | 33 | 0 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 0 |
| Placebo + Metformin | 111 | 8 | 28 | 1 | 14 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 0 |
12-Lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) were performed at entry into lead-in period Day -7 visit and Week 24/dnd of treatment visit (LOCF) on participants who were supine. ECGs were assessed by the investigator. Baseline was Day -7 for this parameter. Data after rescue included.The Week 102 value is the last observation, regardless of rescue prior to Week 102 if no Week 102 measurement was available. (NCT00528879)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 102
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline normal/Week 102 normal | Baseline normal/Week 102 abnormal | Baseline normal/Week 102 not reported | Baseline abnormal/Week 102 normal | Baseline abnormal/Week 102 abnormal | Baseline abnormal/Week 102 not reported | Baseline not reported/Week 102 normal | Baseline not reportedl/Week 102 abnormal | Baseline not reported/Week 102 not reported | |
| Dapagliflozin, 10 mg + Metformin | 82 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 25 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg + Metformin | 80 | 14 | 6 | 11 | 24 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Dapagliflozin, 5 mg + Metformin | 79 | 9 | 5 | 20 | 20 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Placebo + Metformin | 74 | 7 | 9 | 17 | 26 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
BUN=blood urea nitrogen; preRX=pretreatment; ULN=upper limit of normal; AST=aspartate aminotransferase; ALT=alanine aminotransferase; ALP=alkaline phosphatase. Phosphorus, inorganic (low): ages 17-65 years, ≤1.8 mg/dL; ages≥66 years, ≤2.1 mg/dL. Phosphorus, inorganic (high): ages 17-65 years, ≥5.6 mg/dL; ages≥66 years, ≥5.6 mg/dL. Phosphorus, inorganic (low) ≤1.8 mg/dL if age 17-65 or ≤2.1 mg/dL if age ≥66. Calcium, total (high): ≥1 mg/dL from ULN and ≥0.5 mg/dL from preRx value. (NCT00528879)
Timeframe: Day 1 to Week 102
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hematocrit >55% | Hemoglobin >18 g/dL | BUN ≥60 mg/d or Urea>21.4 mmol/L | Creatinine ≥1.5 preRX creatinine | Creatinine ≥2.5 mg/dL | Glucose >350 mg/dL | Creatine kinase >5*ULN | Creatine kinase >10*ULN | Calcium, total <7.5 mg/dL | Calcium, total (high) | Potassium, serum ≥6 MEQ/L | Magnesium, serum <1 mEq/L | Sodium, serum <130 mEq/L | Sodium, serum >150 mEq/L | Phosphorus, inorganic (high) | Phosphorus, inorganic (low) | Albumin/creatinine ratio >1800 mg/g | AST elevation 3*ULN | ALT elevation 3*ULN | ALT elevation 5*ULN | Total bilirubin elevation >1.5*ULN | Total bilirubin elevation >2*ULN | ALP elevation >1.5*ULN | |
| Dapagliflozin, 10 mg + Metformin | 3 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 2 |
| Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg + Metformin | 2 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 |
| Dapagliflozin, 5 mg + Metformin | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Placebo + Metformin | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 5 |
Orthostatic hypotension was defined as a decrease from supine to standing blood pressure of >20 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure or >10 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure. (NCT00528879)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 102
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (n=121, 127, 124, 126) | Week 1 (n=126, 121, 119, 114) | Week 12 (n=123, 128, 127, 125) | Week 24 (n=116, 114, 118, 121) | Week 50 (n=103, 115, 109,112) | Week 102 (n=71, 76, 87, 94) | |
| Dapagliflozin, 10 mg + Metformin | 4 | 19 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 3 |
| Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg + Metformin | 4 | 26 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 1 |
| Dapagliflozin, 5 mg + Metformin | 4 | 21 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 1 |
| Placebo + Metformin | 3 | 28 | 6 | 10 | 10 | 1 |
Baseline was defined as value obtained on Day 1 (first day of treatment). Adiponectin was measured in milligrams/liter (mg/L) and values obtained through a central laboratory; normal range was 1.20 to 20.00 mg/L. (NCT00778622)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16
| Intervention | mg/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Glucophage XR in Normal Weight Participants | 1.742 |
| Glucophage XR in Overweight Participants | 1.102 |
| Glucophage XR in Obese Participants | 0.050 |
Baseline was defined as value obtained on Day 1 (first day of treatment). C-Reactive Protein (CRP) was measured in milligrams/liter (mg/L) and values were obtained through a central laboratory; normal was less than 5.0 mg/L. (NCT00778622)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16
| Intervention | mg/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Glucophage XR in Normal Weight Participants | -0.589 |
| Glucophage XR in Overweight Participants | 3.144 |
| Glucophage XR in Obese Participants | 1.633 |
Baseline was defined as value obtained on Day 1 (first day of treatment). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was measured in millimoles per liter (mmol/L) and obtained through local laboratories. (NCT00778622)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Glucophage XR in Normal Weight Participants | 0.056 |
| Glucophage XR in Overweight Participants | 0.024 |
| Glucophage XR in Obese Participants | 0.032 |
Baseline was defined as values obtained on Day 1. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was measured in millimoles per liter (mmol/L) and obtained through local laboratories. (NCT00778622)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Glucophage XR in Normal Weight Participants | -0.306 |
| Glucophage XR in Overweight Participants | -0.143 |
| Glucophage XR in Obese Participants | -0.181 |
For fasting total cholesterol (TC), baseline is defined as Day 1 (first day of treatment). Total cholesterol was measured in millimoles per liter (mmol/L) and obtained through local laboratories. (NCT00778622)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Glucophage XR in Normal Weight Participants | -0.388 |
| Glucophage XR in Overweight Participants | -0.048 |
| Glucophage XR in Obese Participants | -0.144 |
Baseline was defined as value obtained on Day 1 (first day of treatment). Triglycerides (TG) were measured in millimoles per liter (mmol/L)and values obtained through local laboratories. (NCT00778622)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Glucophage XR in Normal Weight Participants | -0.172 |
| Glucophage XR in Overweight Participants | 0.262 |
| Glucophage XR in Obese Participants | -0.041 |
Baseline for HbA1c is defined as that value obtained at screening visit. HbA1c was measured as a percent (%) of hemoglobin; normal range was 4.7 to 6.4% and values were obtained through a central laboratory. The Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF) data set includes data recorded at a given visit or, if no observation is recorded at that visit, data carried forward from the previous visit. (NCT00778622)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16
| Intervention | percentage of hemoglobin (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Glucophage XR in Normal Weight Participants | -1.95 |
| Glucophage XR in Overweight Participants | -1.79 |
| Glucophage XR in Obese Participants | -1.68 |
Baseline was defined as value obtained on Day 1 (first day of treatment). PAI-1 (activity) was measured in units/milliliter (U/mL)and values obtained through a central laboratory; normal was less than 25.00 U/mL. (NCT00778622)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16
| Intervention | U/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Glucophage XR in Normal Weight Participants | 0.465 |
| Glucophage XR in Overweight Participants | 1.177 |
| Glucophage XR in Obese Participants | -1.792 |
Baseline was defined as the value obtained at the screening visit. FPG was measured in millimoles/Liter (mmol/L) and obtained through local laboratories. (NCT00778622)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Glucophage XR in Normal Weight Participants | -1.979 |
| Glucophage XR in Overweight Participants | -2.171 |
| Glucophage XR in Obese Participants | -2.141 |
Baseline was defined as ECG obtained at the screening visit. ECG was 12-lead. Heart rate (HR) was measured in beats per minute (beats/min). Safety population included participants who enrolled in the study and took at least 1 dose of Glucophage XR. (NCT00778622)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16
| Intervention | beats/min (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Glucophage XR in Normal Weight Participants | 0.4 |
| Glucophage XR in Overweight Participants | 1.2 |
| Glucophage XR in Obese Participants | 1.1 |
Baseline was defined as ECG obtained at the screening visit. A judgment of clinical significance was at the discretion of the investigator. Safety population included participants who enrolled in the study and took at least 1 dose of Glucophage XR. (NCT00778622)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Glucophage XR in Normal Weight Participants | 0 |
| Glucophage XR in Overweight Participants | 1 |
| Glucophage XR in Obese Participants | 3 |
Hematology profile = hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count(WBC), lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, platelet count. Baseline: value obtained at screening or last value obtained before treatment. LLN=lower limit of normal; ULN=upper limit of normal; preRX=pretreatment. Hemoglobin (g/dL): >3 g/dL decrease from preRX; hematocrit (%): <0.75*preRX; RBC (*10^6 c/uL): <0.75*preRX; platelet count (*10^9 c/uL): <0.67*LLN or >1.5*ULN, of if preRX
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Glucophage XR in Normal Weight Participants | 0 |
| Glucophage XR in Overweight Participants | 0 |
| Glucophage XR in Obese Participants | 0 |
Urinalysis included pH and specific gravity. Baseline defined as values obtained at screening visit. Clinically significant: outside the reference range (low/high)and judged to be significant by the investigator: Specific gravity 1.003 - 1.035; ph 5 - 8. Safety population included participants who enrolled in the study and took at least 1 dose of Glucophage XR. (NCT00778622)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Glucophage XR in Normal Weight Participants | 0 |
| Glucophage XR in Overweight Participants | 0 |
| Glucophage XR in Obese Participants | 0 |
Baseline was defined as the value obtained at screening or value obtained on Day 1 before treatment. Diastolic and systolic blood pressure was measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). Safety population included participants who enrolled in the study and took at least 1 dose of Glucophage XR. (NCT00778622)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16
| Intervention | mm Hg (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 16 change in diastolic blood pressure | Week 16 change in systolic blood pressure | |
| Glucophage XR in Normal Weight Participants | -2.2 | -4.6 |
| Glucophage XR in Obese Participants | -1.4 | -1.7 |
| Glucophage XR in Overweight Participants | -4.1 | -5.5 |
Baseline defined as value obtained either in screening visit or last value obtained before glucophage XR treatment given on Day 1. Serum chemistries evaluating kidney or liver function: blood urea nitrogen(BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (BR), uric acid (UA). Abnormal increase in kidney and liver function tests defined as 1.25 - less than, equal to (<=)2.6 times (x) upper limit of normal (ULN)in ALT, AST, total BR, UA; abnormal increase defined as 1.25 to <= 5.1 x ULN in BUN. Safety population included participants who enrolled in the study and took at least 1 dose of Glucophage XR. (NCT00778622)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number with Week 16 ALT 1.25 to <= 2.6xULN | Number with Week 16 ALT > 2.6 x ULN | Number with Week 16 AST 1.25 to <= 2.6xULN | Number with Week 16 AST > 2.6 x ULN | Number with Week 16 Total BR 1.25 to <=2.6xULN | Number with Week 16 Total BR > 2.6 x ULN | Number with Week 16 BUN1.25 to <=5.1xULN | Number with Week 16 BUN > 5.1 x ULN | Number with Week 16 UA 1.25 to <=2.6xULN | Number with Week 16 UA > 2.6 x ULN | Number with Week 16 SCr 1.25 to <=2.6xULN | Number with Week 16 SCr > 1.25 x ULN | |
| Glucophage XR in Normal Weight Participants | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Glucophage XR in Obese Participants | 9 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Glucophage XR in Overweight Participants | 11 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Day 1 was first day of treatment. Lactic acidosis defined as elevated blood lactate levels (>5 mmol/L), decreased blood pH, electrolyte disturbances with an increased anion gap, and increased lactate/pyruvate ratio. Hypoglycemia (low levels of blood glucose) was reported as an adverse event. Safety population included participants who had enrolled in the study and took at least 1 dose of glucophage extended release (glucophage XR). If a subject experienced more than one adverse event, the subject was counted once at the highest severity. (NCT00778622)
Timeframe: Day 1 to Week 16
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Lactic Acidosis | Hypoglycemia | |
| Glucophage XR in Normal Weight Participants | 0 | 1 |
| Glucophage XR in Obese Participants | 0 | 0 |
| Glucophage XR in Overweight Participants | 0 | 0 |
To examine whether treatment with dapagliflozin in combination with insulin is superior in reducing body weight or causing less weight gain as compared to placebo added to insulin treatment after 24 weeks of treatment (LOCF), excluding data after insulin up-titration. (NCT00673231)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.02 |
| Dapagliflozin 2.5mg | -0.98 |
| Dapagliflozin 5mg | -0.98 |
| Dapagliflozin 10mg | -1.67 |
To examine whether treatment with dapagliflozin in combination with insulin leads to a lower absolute calculated mean daily insulin dose as compared to placebo added to insulin treatment alone, from baseline to week 24, including data after insulin up-titration. (NCT00673231)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | IU/day (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 5.08 |
| Dapagliflozin 2.5mg | -1.80 |
| Dapagliflozin 5mg | -0.61 |
| Dapagliflozin 10mg | -1.16 |
To examine whether treatment with dapagliflozin in combination with insulin is superior in reducing Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) as compared to placebo added to insulin treatment after 24 weeks of treatment, excluding data after insulin up-titration. (NCT00673231)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 3.3 |
| Dapagliflozin 2.5mg | -12.5 |
| Dapagliflozin 5mg | -18.8 |
| Dapagliflozin 10mg | -21.7 |
To assess the efficacy of 2.5 mg, 5 mg and 10 mg dapagliflozin compared to placebo as add-on therapy to insulin in improving glycaemic control in participants with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycaemic control on ≥ 30 IU injectable insulin daily for at least 8 weeks prior to enrolment, as determined by the change in HbA1c levels from baseline to Week 24, excluding data after insulin up-titration. (NCT00673231)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.30 |
| Dapagliflozin 2.5mg | -0.75 |
| Dapagliflozin 5mg | -0.82 |
| Dapagliflozin 10mg | -0.90 |
To examine whether treatment with dapagliflozin in combination with insulin leads to higher percentage of participants with calculated mean daily insulin dose reduction from baseline to week 24 (i.e. reduction >= 10%) as compared to placebo added to insulin treatment. (NCT00673231)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 11.0 |
| Dapagliflozin 2.5mg | 18.1 |
| Dapagliflozin 5mg | 16.8 |
| Dapagliflozin 10mg | 19.7 |
Participants with lack of glycemic control or insulin up-titration for failing to achieve pre-specified glycemic targets (NCT00673231)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 54 |
| Dapagliflozin 2.5mg | 22 |
| Dapagliflozin 5mg | 24 |
| Dapagliflozin 10mg | 19 |
To assess the effect of dapagliflozin plus metformin compared to glipizide plus metformin on body weight after 52 weeks double-blind treatment. (NCT00660907)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin Plus Metformin | -3.22 |
| Glipizide Plus Metformin | 1.44 |
To assess the effect of dapagliflozin plus metformin compared to glipizide plus metformin on the absolute change from baseline in HbA1c level after 52 weeks double-blind treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycaemic control on 1500 mg/day or higher doses of metformin therapy alone. (NCT00660907)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52
| Intervention | percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin Plus Metformin | -0.52 |
| Glipizide Plus Metformin | -0.52 |
To assess the effect of dapagliflozin plus metformin treatment compared to glipizide plus metformin on the occurrence of hypoglycemic events. Least Squares Mean represents the percent of participants adjusted for HbA1c baseline value. (NCT00660907)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin Plus Metformin | 3.5 |
| Glipizide Plus Metformin | 40.8 |
To evaluate the effect of dapagliflozin plus metformin compared to glipizide plus metformin on body weight assessed by a reduction after 52 weeks of at least 5% compared to baseline. Least Squares Mean represents the percent of participants adjusted for baseline value. (NCT00660907)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin Plus Metformin | 33.3 |
| Glipizide Plus Metformin | 2.5 |
Myocardial infarction (MI), intervention for coronary artery or Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD), severe inoperable Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), new or worsening Congestive Heart Failure (CHF), stroke, Cardiovascular (CV) death, or amputation for ischemic gangrene. (NCT00032487)
Timeframe: Post baseline time to the first major macrovascular event up to 82 months
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1 | 264 |
| Arm 2 | 235 |
New or worsening angina, new transient ischemic attack (TIA), new intermittent claudication or critical limb ischemia with Doppler evidence or total mortality. (NCT00032487)
Timeframe: Post baseline time to first event up to 82 months
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1 | 283 |
| Arm 2 | 312 |
Absolute change = HbA1c value at Week 24 minus HbA1c value at baseline. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug, on or before Visit 12 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 12 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. For a patient to be included in Modified Intent-to-treat (mITT) population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00712673)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo (Combined) | -0.38 |
| Lixisenatide (Morning Injection) | -0.87 |
| Lixisenatide (Evening Injection) | -0.75 |
Change was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to last dosing day of study drug, on or before Visit 12 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 12 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. (NCT00712673)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo (Morning Injection) | -0.20 |
| Lixisenatide (Morning Injection) | -0.46 |
Change was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to last dosing day of study drug, on or before Visit 12 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 12 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. (NCT00712673)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | ng/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo (Morning Injection) | -12.79 |
| Lixisenatide (Morning Injection) | -27.04 |
The 2-hour PPG test measured blood glucose 2 hours after eating a standardized meal. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to the last dosing day of the study drug, on or before Visit 12 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 12 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. (NCT00712673)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo (Morning Injection) | -1.41 |
| Lixisenatide (Morning Injection) | -5.92 |
Change was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to the last dosing day of the study drug, on or before Visit 12 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 12 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. (NCT00712673)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo (Morning Injection) | -25.67 |
| Lixisenatide (Morning Injection) | -87.24 |
Change was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to last dosing day of study drug, on or before Visit 12 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 12 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. (NCT00712673)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo (Morning Injection) | -6.83 |
| Lixisenatide (Morning Injection) | -18.88 |
Change was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug, on or before Visit 12 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 12 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00712673)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | mcg/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo (Combined) | 0.54 |
| Lixisenatide (Morning Injection) | 0.55 |
| Lixisenatide (Evening Injection) | 0.58 |
Beta cell function was assessed by HOMA-beta. HOMA-beta (% of normal beta cells function) = (20 multiplied by fasting plasma insulin [micro unit per milliliter]) divided by (FPG [mmol/L] minus 3.5). Change was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to 1 day after last dose of study drug, on or before Visit 12 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 12 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00712673)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | % of normal beta cells function (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo (Combined) | -4.16 |
| Lixisenatide (Morning Injection) | 7.96 |
| Lixisenatide (Evening Injection) | 4.80 |
Change was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug, on or before Visit 12 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 12 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00712673)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | kilogram (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo (Combined) | -1.64 |
| Lixisenatide (Morning Injection) | -2.01 |
| Lixisenatide (Evening Injection) | -2.02 |
Change was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to last dosing day of study drug, on or before Visit 12 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 12 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. (NCT00712673)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo (Morning Injection) | -0.13 |
| Lixisenatide (Morning Injection) | -0.10 |
Change was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to last dosing day of study drug, on or before Visit 12 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 12 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. (NCT00712673)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | ng/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo (Morning Injection) | -13.53 |
| Lixisenatide (Morning Injection) | -13.27 |
Change was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to 1 day after the last dose of study drug, on or before Visit 12 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 12 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00712673)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo (Combined) | -0.25 |
| Lixisenatide (Morning Injection) | -1.19 |
| Lixisenatide (Evening Injection) | -0.81 |
Change was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to 1 day after the last dose of study drug, on or before Visit 12 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 12 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00712673)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo (Combined) | -6.23 |
| Lixisenatide (Morning Injection) | -5.09 |
| Lixisenatide (Evening Injection) | -1.88 |
Change was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to last dosing day of study drug, on or before Visit 12 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 12 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. (NCT00712673)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo (Morning Injection) | -3.78 |
| Lixisenatide (Morning Injection) | -7.78 |
Glucose excursion = 2-hour PPG minus plasma glucose 30 minutes prior to the standardized meal test, before study drug administration. Change was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to last dosing day of study drug, on or before Visit 12 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 12 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. (NCT00712673)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo (Morning Injection) | -0.76 |
| Lixisenatide (Morning Injection) | -4.64 |
Routine fasting self-monitored plasma glucose (SMPG) and central laboratory FPG (and HbA1c after week 12) values were used to determine the requirement of rescue medication. If fasting SMPG value exceeded the specified limit for 3 consecutive days, the central laboratory FPG (and HbA1c after week 12) were performed. Threshold values - from baseline to Week 8: fasting SMPG/FPG >270 milligram/deciliter (mg/dL) (15.0 mmol/L), from Week 8 to Week 12: fasting SMPG/FPG >240 mg/dL (13.3 mmol/L), and from Week 12 to Week 24: fasting SMPG/FPG >200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or HbA1c >8.5%. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00712673)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo (Combined) | 10.6 |
| Lixisenatide (Morning Injection) | 2.7 |
| Lixisenatide (Evening Injection) | 3.9 |
The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug, on or before Visit 12 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 12 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00712673)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo (Combined) | 11.3 |
| Lixisenatide (Morning Injection) | 14.9 |
| Lixisenatide (Evening Injection) | 19.3 |
The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug, on or before Visit 12 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 12 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00712673)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo (Combined) | 22.0 |
| Lixisenatide (Morning Injection) | 43.0 |
| Lixisenatide (Evening Injection) | 40.6 |
The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug, on or before Visit 12 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 12 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00712673)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo (Combined) | 10.4 |
| Lixisenatide (Morning Injection) | 23.8 |
| Lixisenatide (Evening Injection) | 19.2 |
Symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event with clinical symptoms that were considered to result from a hypoglycemic episode with an accompanying plasma glucose less than 60 mg/dL (3.3 mmol/L) or associated with prompt recovery after oral carbohydrate, intravenous glucose, or glucagon administration, if no plasma glucose measurement was available. Severe symptomatic hypoglycemia was symptomatic hypoglycemia event in which the patient required the assistance of another person and was associated with either a plasma glucose level below 36 mg/dL (2.0 mmol/L) or prompt recovery after oral carbohydrate, intravenous glucose, or glucagon administration, if no plasma glucose measurement was available. (NCT00712673)
Timeframe: First dose of study drug up to 3 days after the last dose administration
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Symptomatic Hypoglycemia | Severe Symptomatic Hypoglycemia | |
| Lixisenatide (Combined) | 40 | 0 |
| Lixisenatide (Evening Injection) | 22 | 0 |
| Lixisenatide (Morning Injection) | 18 | 0 |
| Placebo (Combined) | 4 | 0 |
| Placebo (Evening Injection) | 4 | 0 |
| Placebo (Morning Injection) | 0 | 0 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change from baseline in Adiponectin at Week 26. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | mcg/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | 1.69 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | 1.51 |
| Sita -> Sita | 1.35 |
Calculated as an estimate of the change from baseline in apolipoprotein B (ApoB) at Week 26. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | g/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | -0.06 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | -0.07 |
| Sita -> Sita | -0.05 |
Calculated as an estimate of the change from baseline in apolipoprotein B (ApoB) at Week 52. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 52
| Intervention | g/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | -0.03 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | -0.03 |
| Sita -> Sita | -0.03 |
"Calculated as an estimate of the mean change from baseline in beta-cell function at Week 26.~Derived from fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting insulin using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) method with the assumption that normal-weight subjects aged under 35 years have a 100% beta-cell function (HOMA-B)." (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | percentage point (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | 27.23 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | 28.70 |
| Sita -> Sita | 4.18 |
"Calculated as an estimate of the mean change from baseline in beta-cell function at Week 52.~Derived from fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting insulin using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) method with the assumption that normal-weight subjects aged under 35 years have a 100% beta-cell function (HOMA-B)." (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 52
| Intervention | percentage point (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | 22.58 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | 25.76 |
| Sita -> Sita | 3.98 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change from baseline in body weight at Week 26. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | -2.86 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | -3.38 |
| Sita -> Sita | -0.96 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change from baseline in body weight at Week 52. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 52
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | -2.78 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | -3.68 |
| Sita -> Sita | -1.16 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change from baseline in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at Week 26. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | -0.71 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | 0.07 |
| Sita -> Sita | -1.78 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change from baseline in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at Week 52. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 52
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | -0.53 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | -0.87 |
| Sita -> Sita | -1.47 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change from baseline in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) at Week 26. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | -1.87 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | -2.14 |
| Sita -> Sita | -0.83 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change from baseline in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) at Week 52. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | -1.71 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | -2.04 |
| Sita -> Sita | -0.59 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from baseline to Week 78. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 78
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | -1.30 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | -1.65 |
Calculated as an estimate of the change from baseline in free fatty acids (FFA) at Week 26. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | -0.03 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | -0.07 |
| Sita -> Sita | -0.05 |
Calculated as an estimate of the change from baseline in free fatty acids (FFA) at Week 52. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | -0.07 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | -0.10 |
| Sita -> Sita | -0.06 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change from baseline in glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at Week 26. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage point of total HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | -1.24 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | -1.5 |
| Sita -> Sita | -0.9 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change from baseline in glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at Week 52. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 52
| Intervention | Percentage point of total HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | -1.29 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | -1.51 |
| Sita -> Sita | -0.88 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change from baseline in glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at Week 78. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 78
| Intervention | Percentage point of total HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | -0.94 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | -1.28 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change from baseline in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) at Week 26. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | 0.00 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | 0.00 |
| Sita -> Sita | 0.00 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change from baseline in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) at Week 52. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | 0.01 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | 0.02 |
| Sita -> Sita | 0.01 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change from baseline in highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) at week 26. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | mg/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | -1.02 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | -0.99 |
| Sita -> Sita | -0.66 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change from baseline in interleukin-6 (IL-6) at Week 26. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | pg/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | -1.70 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | 1.71 |
| Sita -> Sita | 0.91 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change in low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) at Week 26. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | 0.08 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | 0.05 |
| Sita -> Sita | 0.13 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change in low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) at Week 52. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | 0.09 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | 0.09 |
| Sita -> Sita | 0.17 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change from baseline in N-terminal pro B-type Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) at Week 26. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | 5.19 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | 3.74 |
| Sita -> Sita | 3.71 |
The Overall Treatment Satisfaction is a sum of 6 items from the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire, which is a self-assessment of treatment satisfaction. The scale of each sub-item goes from 0 (lowest satisfaction) to 6 (highest satisfaction) and the overall scale of OTS therefore goes from 0 to 36. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | 3.51 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | 4.35 |
| Sita -> Sita | 2.96 |
The Overall Treatment Satisfaction is a sum of 6 items from the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire, which is a self-assessment of treatment satisfaction. The scale of each sub-item goes from 0 (lowest satisfaction) to 6 (highest satisfaction) and the overall scale of OTS therefore goes from 0 to 36. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 52
| Intervention | scores on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | 3.32 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | 4.31 |
| Sita -> Sita | 2.96 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change from baseline in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) at Week 26. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | U/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | -833 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | -561 |
| Sita -> Sita | 586 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change from baseline in pulse at Week 26. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | beats/minute (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | 2.32 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | 3.94 |
| Sita -> Sita | -0.64 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change from baseline in pulse at Week 52. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 52
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | 1.72 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | 3.09 |
| Sita -> Sita | 0.09 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change from baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) at Week 26 (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | -0.55 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | -0.72 |
| Sita -> Sita | -0.94 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change from baseline in systolic blood pressure (SBP) at Week 52. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 52
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | -0.37 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | -2.55 |
| Sita -> Sita | -1.03 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change from baseline in total cholesterol at Week 26. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | -0.03 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | -0.17 |
| Sita -> Sita | -0.02 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change from baseline in total cholesterol at Week 52. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | -0.01 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | -0.09 |
| Sita -> Sita | 0.03 |
Calculated as an estimate of the change from baseline in triglycerides (TG) at Week 26. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | -0.19 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | -0.43 |
| Sita -> Sita | -0.40 |
Calculated as an estimate of the change from baseline in triglycerides (TG) at Week 52. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | -0.10 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | -0.32 |
| Sita -> Sita | -0.23 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change from baseline in Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-alpha) at Week 26. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | pg/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | -0.55 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | -0.74 |
| Sita -> Sita | -0.53 |
Calculated as an estimate of the change from baseline in very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) at Week 26. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | -0.11 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | -0.20 |
| Sita -> Sita | -0.15 |
Calculated as an estimate of the change from baseline in very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) at Week 52. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | -0.11 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | -0.19 |
| Sita -> Sita | -0.15 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change from baseline in von Willebrand Factor (vWf) at Week 26. vWf is a blood glycoprotein involved in haemostasis. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | percentage point (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | -1.73 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | -4.34 |
| Sita -> Sita | -1.8 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change from baseline in Waist Circumference at Week 26 (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | cm (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | -2.69 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | -2.63 |
| Sita -> Sita | -1.12 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change from baseline in Waist Circumference at Week 52. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 52
| Intervention | participants (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | -2.36 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | -3.02 |
| Sita -> Sita | -1.23 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change from baseline in Waist to Hip Ratio at Week 26. The measure is assessed as the circumference of the waist divided by the circumference of the hip. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | cm/cm (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | -0.01 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | -0.01 |
| Sita -> Sita | -0.00 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change from baseline in Waist to Hip Ratio at Week 52. The measure is assessed as the circumference of the waist divided by the circumference of the hip. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 52
| Intervention | cm/cm (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | -0.00 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | -0.01 |
| Sita -> Sita | -0.00 |
Mean change in apolipoprotein B (ApoB) from Week 52 to Week 78. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 52, Week 78
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.2 mg | 0.23 |
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.8 mg | 0.17 |
Mean change in beta-cell function from Week 52 to Week 78. Derived from fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting insulin using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) method with the assumption that normal-weight subjects aged under 35 years have a 100% beta-cell function (HOMA-B). (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 52, Week 78
| Intervention | percentage point (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.2 mg | 13.31 |
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.8 mg | 23.09 |
Mean change in body weight from Week 52 to Week 78. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 52, Week 78
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.2 mg | -1.64 |
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.8 mg | -2.48 |
Mean change in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) from Week 52 to Week 78. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 52, Week 78
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.2 mg | -0.60 |
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.8 mg | 0.03 |
Mean change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) Week 52 to Week 78. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 52, Week 78
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.2 mg | -0.84 |
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.8 mg | -1.42 |
Mean change in free fatty acids (FFA) from Week 52 to Week 78. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 52, Week 78
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.2 mg | 0.02 |
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.8 mg | -0.01 |
Mean Change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) from Week 52 to Week 78 (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 52, Week 78
| Intervention | Percentage point of total HbA1c (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.2 mg | -0.24 |
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.8 mg | -0.45 |
Mean change in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) from Week 52 to Week 78. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 52, Week 78
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.2 mg | 0.02 |
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.8 mg | -0.01 |
Mean change in low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) from week 52 to Week 78. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 52, Week 78
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.2 mg | -0.22 |
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.8 mg | -0.25 |
The Overall Treatment Satisfaction is a sum of 6 items from the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire, which is a self-assessment of treatment satisfaction. The scale of each sub-item goes from 0 (lowest satisfaction) to 6 (highest satisfaction) and the overall scale of OTS therefore goes from 0 to 36. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 52, Week 78
| Intervention | scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.2 mg | 1.48 |
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.8 mg | 0.98 |
Mean change in pulse from Week 52 to Week 78. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 52, Week 78
| Intervention | beats/minute (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.2 mg | 0.90 |
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.8 mg | 2.19 |
Mean change in systolic blood pressure (SBP) from Week 52 to Week 78. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 52, Week 78
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.2 mg | -2.12 |
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.8 mg | 0.35 |
Mean change in total cholesterol from Week 52 to Week 78 (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 52, Week 78
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.2 mg | -0.16 |
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.8 mg | -0.24 |
Mean change in triglycerides (TG) from Week 52 to Week 78. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 52, Week 78
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.2 mg | -0.20 |
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.8 mg | -0.26 |
Mean change in very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) from Week 52 to Week 78. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 52, Week 78
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.2 mg | 0.03 |
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.8 mg | 0.02 |
Mean change in Waist Circumference from Week 52 to Week 78. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 52, Week 78
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.2 mg | -1.33 |
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.8 mg | -2.05 |
Mean change in Waist to Hip Ratio from Week 52 to Week 78. The measure is assessed as the circumference of the waist divided by the circumference of the hip. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 52, Week 78
| Intervention | cm/cm (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.2 mg | -0.01 |
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.8 mg | -0.00 |
Calculated as the percentage of subjects achieving treatment target of HbA1c < 7.0% at Week 26 (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | 43 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | 55 |
| Sita -> Sita | 22 |
Calculated as an estimate of the percentage of subjects achieving treatment target of HbA1c < 7.0% at Week 52 (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 52
| Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | 50 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | 63 |
| Sita -> Sita | 27 |
Calculated as an estimate of the percentage of subjects achieving treatment target of HbA1c < 7.0% at Week 78. Based on the extension 2 FAS. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 78
| Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.2 mg | 49 |
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.8 mg | 50 |
Calculated as an estimate of the percentage of subjects achieving treatment target of HbA1c < 7.0% at Week 78. Based on the FAS. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 78
| Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | 35 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | 51 |
Calculated as the percentage of subjects achieving treatment target of HbA1c =< 6.5% at Week 26 (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | 23 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | 36 |
| Sita -> Sita | 12 |
Calculated as an estimate of the percentage of subjects achieving treatment target of HbA1c =< 6.5% at Week 52 (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 52
| Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | 24 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | 40 |
| Sita -> Sita | 17 |
Calculated as an estimate of the percentage of subjects achieving treatment target of HbA1c =< 6.5% at Week 78. Based on the extension 2 FAS. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 78
| Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.2 mg | 29 |
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.8 mg | 25 |
Calculated as an estimate of the percentage of subjects achieving treatment target of HbA1c =< 6.5% at Week 78. Based on the FAS. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 78
| Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | 12 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | 27 |
Number of hypoglycaemic episodes from Week 52 to Week 78, defined as major, minor, or symptoms only. Major if unable to treat her/himself. Minor if able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. Symptoms only if able to treat her/himself and no plasma glucose measurement or plasma glucose higher than or equal to 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Week 52-78
| Intervention | episodes (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Major | Minor | Symptoms only | Unclassified | |
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | 1 | 12 | 3 | 0 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | 0 | 5 | 11 | 0 |
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.2 mg | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
| Sita -> Sita -> Lira 1.8 mg | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
Number of hypoglycaemic episodes from Week 0 to Week 26, defined as major, minor, or symptoms only. Major if unable to treat her/himself. Minor if able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. Symptoms only if able to treat her/himself and no plasma glucose measurement or plasma glucose higher than or equal to 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-26
| Intervention | episodes (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Major | Minor | Symptoms only | Unclassified | |
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | 1 | 17 | 12 | 0 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | 0 | 16 | 15 | 1 |
| Sita -> Sita | 0 | 11 | 10 | 0 |
Number of hypoglycaemic episodes from Week 0 to Week 52, defined as major, minor, or symptoms only. Major if unable to treat her/himself. Minor if able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. Symptoms only if able to treat her/himself and no plasma glucose measurement or plasma glucose higher than or equal to 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-52
| Intervention | episodes (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Major | Minor | Symptoms only | Unclassified | |
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | 1 | 24 | 14 | 0 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | 0 | 28 | 29 | 1 |
| Sita -> Sita | 0 | 25 | 12 | 0 |
Number of hypoglycaemic episodes from Week 0 to Week 78, defined as major, minor, or symptoms only. Major if unable to treat her/himself. Minor if able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. Symptoms only if able to treat her/himself and no plasma glucose measurement or plasma glucose higher than or equal to 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-78
| Intervention | episodes (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Major | Minor | Symptoms only | Unclassified | |
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | 2 | 36 | 18 | 0 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | 0 | 33 | 40 | 1 |
| Sita -> Sita | 0 | 34 | 13 | 0 |
Number of hypoglycaemic episodes from Week 0 to Week 26, defined as major, minor, or symptoms only. Major if unable to treat her/himself. Minor if able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. Symptoms only if able to treat her/himself and no plasma glucose measurement or plasma glucose higher than or equal to 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-26
| Intervention | episodes (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Major | Minor | Symptoms only | Unclassified | |
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | 1 | 17 | 12 | 0 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | 0 | 37 | 15 | 1 |
| Sita -> Sita | 0 | 11 | 10 | 0 |
Number of hypoglycaemic episodes from Week 0 to Week 52, defined as major, minor, or symptoms only. Major if unable to treat her/himself. Minor if able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. Symptoms only if able to treat her/himself and no plasma glucose measurement or plasma glucose higher than or equal to 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-52
| Intervention | episodes (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Major | Minor | Symptoms only | Unclassified | |
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | 1 | 24 | 14 | 0 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | 0 | 51 | 29 | 1 |
| Sita -> Sita | 0 | 25 | 12 | 0 |
Number of hypoglycaemic episodes from Week 0 to Week 78, defined as major, minor, or symptoms only. Major if unable to treat her/himself. Minor if able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. Symptoms only if able to treat her/himself and no plasma glucose measurement or plasma glucose higher than or equal to 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT00700817)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-78
| Intervention | episodes (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Major | Minor | Symptoms only | Unclassified | |
| Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg -> Lira 1.2 mg | 2 | 36 | 18 | 0 |
| Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg -> Lira 1.8 mg | 0 | 56 | 40 | 1 |
| Sita -> Sita | 0 | 34 | 13 | 0 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean change in FPG from Baseline to Week 52 for each treatment group. The statistical analysis shows the treatment difference (ie, between canagliflozin and sitagliptin) in the LS mean change. (NCT01137812)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 52
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -29.9 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -5.85 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean change in HbA1c from Baseline to Week 52 for each treatment group. The statistical analysis shows the treatment difference (ie, between canagliflozin and sitagliptin) in the LS mean change. (NCT01137812)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 52
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -1.03 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -0.66 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean change in SBP from Baseline to Week 52 for each treatment group. The statistical analysis shows the treatment difference (ie, between canagliflozin and sitagliptin) in the LS mean change. (NCT01137812)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 52
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -5.06 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 0.85 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean percent change in body weight from Baseline to Week 52 for each treatment group. The statistical analysis shows the treatment difference (ie, between canagliflozin and sitagliptin) in the LS mean percent change. (NCT01137812)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 52
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -2.5 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 0.3 |
The table below shows the mean percent change in HDL-C from Baseline to Week 52 for each treatment group. The statistical analysis shows the treatment difference (ie, between canagliflozin and sitagliptin) in the LS mean change. (NCT01137812)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 52
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | 7.6 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 0.6 |
The table below shows the mean percent change in triglycerides from Baseline to Week 52 for each treatment group. The statistical analysis shows the treatment difference (ie, between canagliflozin and sitagliptin) in the LS mean change. (NCT01137812)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 52
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | 9.6 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 11.9 |
The table below shows the percentage of patients with HbA1c <7% at Week 52 in each treatment group. The statistical analysis shows the treatment difference (ie, between canagliflozin and sitagliptin) in the percentage. (NCT01137812)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | Percentage of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | 47.6 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 35.3 |
The degree of suppression of baseline endogenous glucose production was measured in absolute values and as a percent of basal values at the end of each 6-week therapeutic period. The absolute values obtained in each sequence study group (both basal and post-meal) were compared amongst all groups. (NCT00820573)
Timeframe: 6 weeks
| Intervention | mg/kg.min (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.8 |
| Metformin | 1.6 |
| Sitagliptin | 1.7 |
| Sitagliptin + Metformin | 1.5 |
The absolute values of mean plasma glucose post-meal (360 minutes)were determined after each specific 6 week treatment and these absolute values after each specific sequence therapy were compared amongst all groups. (NCT00820573)
Timeframe: 360 min
| Intervention | mg/dl (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 205 |
| Metformin | 191 |
| Sitagliptin | 195 |
| Sitagliptin+Metformin | 161 |
Basal pasma glucose was determined with the glucose oxidase method after each specific 6 week treatment. The absolute values obtained of basal plasma glucose at the end of each 6-week therapeutic period in each sequence study group (both basal and post-meal) were compared amongst all groups. (NCT00820573)
Timeframe: 6 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dl (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 160 |
| Metformin | 145 |
| Sitagliptin | 150 |
| Sitagliptin Plus Metformin | 120 |
Baseline endogenous glucose production prior to a mixed meal tolerance test (placebo) and following 6 weeks of either sitagliptin, metformin or sitagliptin plus metformin combination therapy in all 16 participants (NCT00820573)
Timeframe: 6 weeks
| Intervention | mg/kg.min (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 2.0 |
| Metformin | 1.8 |
| Sitagliptin | 1.7 |
| Sitagliptin Plus Metformin | 1.5 |
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) will be calculated from serum creatinine measurements at baseline and after 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Change from baseline at 12 months is reported. (NCT02903511)
Timeframe: 12 months
| Intervention | mL/min/1.73 m^2 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin | -0.41 |
| Placebo | -3.35 |
Total kidney volume will be measured by MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) at baseline and at 12 months. Percentage change from baseline in height-adjusted total kidney volume is reported. (NCT02903511)
Timeframe: 12 months
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin | 3.45 |
| Placebo | 3.15 |
Serious adverse events occurring from the time of signing informed consent until the end of the study will be monitored in both treatment arms (NCT02903511)
Timeframe: 12 months
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Metformin | 2 |
| Placebo | 0 |
Percentage of participants who at the end of 12 months are still prescribed the full randomized dose of metformin or placebo, and the percentage of participants who are prescribed at least 50% of the randomized dose (NCT02903511)
Timeframe: 12 months
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Full Dose | 50% Dose | |
| Metformin | 50 | 82 |
| Placebo | 100 | 100 |
Change from baseline at Week 26 is defined as Week 26 minus Week 0. (NCT01296412)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin +/- Glimepiride | -33.7 |
| Liraglutide | -39.6 |
A1C is measured as percent. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 26 A1C percent minus the Week 0 A1C percent. (NCT01296412)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin +/- Glimepiride | -1.32 |
| Liraglutide | -1.42 |
(NCT01296412)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin +/- Glimepiride | 33.8 |
| Liraglutide | 38.3 |
(NCT01296412)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin +/- Glimepiride | 62.8 |
| Liraglutide | 72.3 |
Absolute change = HbA1c value at Week 24 minus HbA1c value at baseline. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug, on or before Visit 12 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 12 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00763815)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.34 |
| Lixisenatide | -0.90 |
Beta cell function was assessed by HOMA-beta. HOMA-beta (% of normal beta cells function) = (20 multiplied by fasting plasma insulin [micro unit per milliliter]) divided by (fasting plasma glucose [mmol/L] minus 3.5). Change was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to 1 day after the last dose of study drug, on or before Visit 12 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 12 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00763815)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | % of normal beta cells function (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 6.98 |
| Lixisenatide | 6.72 |
Change was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug, on or before Visit 12 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 12 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00763815)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | kilogram (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.21 |
| Lixisenatide | -0.21 |
Change was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to 1 day after the last dose of study drug, on or before Visit 12 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 12 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00763815)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.32 |
| Lixisenatide | -1.16 |
Change was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to 1 day after the last dose of study drug, on or before Visit 12 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 12 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00763815)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -1.01 |
| Lixisenatide | -10.36 |
Routine fasting self-monitored plasma glucose (SMPG) and central laboratory FPG (and HbA1c after week 12) values were used to determine the requirement of rescue medication. If fasting SMPG value exceeded the specified limit for 3 consecutive days, the central laboratory FPG (and HbA1c after week 12) were performed. Threshold values - from baseline to Week 8: fasting SMPG/FPG >270 milligram/deciliter (mg/dL) (15.0 mmol/L), from Week 8 to Week 12: fasting SMPG/FPG >240 mg/dL (13.3 mmol/L), and from Week 12 to Week 24: fasting SMPG/FPG >200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or HbA1c >8.5%. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00763815)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 11.3 |
| Lixisenatide | 3.8 |
The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug, on or before Visit 12 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 12 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00763815)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 5.1 |
| Lixisenatide | 9.2 |
The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is the time from the first dose of study drug up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug or up to the introduction of rescue therapy, whichever is the earliest. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00763815)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 26.4 |
| Lixisenatide | 52.3 |
The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is the time from the first dose of study drug up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug or up to the introduction of rescue therapy, whichever is the earliest. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00763815)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 10.1 |
| Lixisenatide | 28.9 |
Symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event with clinical symptoms that were considered to result from a hypoglycemic episode with an accompanying plasma glucose less than 60 mg/dL (3.3 mmol/L) or associated with prompt recovery after oral carbohydrate, intravenous glucose, or glucagon administration if no plasma glucose measurement was available. Severe symptomatic hypoglycemia was symptomatic hypoglycemia event in which the patient required the assistance of another person and was associated with either a plasma glucose level below 36 mg/dL (2.0 mmol/L) or prompt recovery after oral carbohydrate, intravenous glucose, or glucagon administration, if no plasma glucose measurement was available. (NCT00763815)
Timeframe: First dose of study drug up to 3 days after the last dose administration, for up to 132 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Symptomatic Hypoglycemia | Severe Symptomatic Hypoglycemia | |
| Lixisenatide | 23 | 0 |
| Placebo | 7 | 0 |
Mean slopes of regression of change from Week 24 to Week 104 in HbA1c for saxagliptin added on to metformin versus glipizide added on to metformin (Full Analysis Set) achieved by fitting a mixed model with subject specific slopes for the time effect (weeks on randomized treatment was utilized). This analysis gives an assessment of the durability of the HbA1c effect. (NCT00575588)
Timeframe: Week 24 to Week 104
| Intervention | Percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin + Metformin | 0.0041 |
| Glipizide + Metformin | 0.0076 |
Mean slopes of regression of change from Week 24 to Week 52 in HbA1c for saxagliptin added on to metformin versus glipizide added on to metformin (Per Protocol Analysis Set) achieved by fitting a mixed model with subject specific slopes for the time effect (weeks on randomized treatment was utilized). This analysis gives an assessment of the durability of the HbA1c effect. (NCT00575588)
Timeframe: Week 24 to Week 52
| Intervention | Percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin + Metformin | 0.001 |
| Glipizide + Metformin | 0.004 |
Proportion of participants reporting at least one episode of any hypoglycaemic event for saxagliptin added on to metformin versus glipizide added on to metformin over 104 weeks (Safety Analysis Set) (NCT00575588)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 104
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin + Metformin | 3.5 |
| Glipizide + Metformin | 38.4 |
Proportion of participants reporting at least one episode of any hypoglycaemic event for saxagliptin added on to metformin versus glipizide added on to metformin over 52 weeks (Safety Analysis Set) (NCT00575588)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 52
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin + Metformin | 3 |
| Glipizide + Metformin | 36.3 |
Adjusted mean change from baseline in Body Weight achieved with saxagliptin added on to metformin versus glipizide added on to metformin at Week 104. Body Weight is a continuous measure, the change from baseline for each participant is calculated as the Week 104 value minus the baseline value. (NCT00575588)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 104
| Intervention | kilograms (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 104 | Adjusted Change from Baseline to Week 104 | |
| Glipizide + Metformin | 88.57 | 89.80 | 1.29 |
| Saxagliptin + Metformin | 88.69 | 87.47 | -1.47 |
Adjusted mean change from baseline in Body Weight achieved with saxagliptin added on to metformin versus glipizide added on to metformin at Week 52 (Safety Analysis Set). Body Weight is a continuous measure, the change from baseline for each participant is calculated as the Week 52 (LOCF) value minus the baseline value. (NCT00575588)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52 (Last Observation Carried Forward)
| Intervention | kilogram (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 52 | Adjusted Change from Baseline to Week 52 | |
| Glipizide + Metformin | 88.6 | 89.7 | 1.1 |
| Saxagliptin + Metformin | 88.7 | 87.6 | -1.1 |
Adjusted mean change from baseline in HbA1c achieved with saxagliptin added on to metformin versus glipizide added on to metformin at Week 104 (Full Analysis Set). HbA1c is a continuous measure, the change from baseline for each participant is calculated as the Week 104 value minus the baseline value. (NCT00575588)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 104
| Intervention | Percent (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 104 | Adjusted Change from Baseline to Week 104 | |
| Glipizide + Metformin | 7.65 | 7.27 | -0.35 |
| Saxagliptin + Metformin | 7.65 | 7.27 | -0.41 |
Adjusted mean change from baseline in HbA1c achieved with saxagliptin added on to metformin versus glipizide added on to metformin at Week 52 (Per Protocol Analysis Set). HbA1c is a continuous measure, the change from baseline for each participant is calculated as the Week 52 value minus the baseline value. (NCT00575588)
Timeframe: Baseline to 52 Weeks
| Intervention | Percent (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 52 | Adjusted Change from Baseline to Week 52 | |
| Glipizide + Metformin | 7.53 | 6.71 | -0.80 |
| Saxagliptin + Metformin | 7.46 | 6.74 | -0.74 |
Mean change in HbA1c through Week 12 (NCT00943917)
Timeframe: Day 0 to Week 12
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| ITCA 650 20 mcg/Day - STAGE I | -.93 |
| ITCA 650 40 mcg/Day - STAGE I | -0.96 |
| Exenatide Injection - STAGE I | -0.75 |
Mean change in HbA1c through Week 24 (NCT00943917)
Timeframe: Day 0 to Week 24
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| ITCA 650 20/20 | -0.89 |
| ITCA 650 20/60 | -1.26 |
| ITCA 650 40/40 | -0.70 |
| ITCA 650 40/80 | -1.36 |
| Ex Inj/ITCA 650 40 | -1.01 |
| Ex Inj/ITCA 650 60 | -1.51 |
Mean change in HbA1c through Week 48 (NCT00943917)
Timeframe: Day 0 to Week 48
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| ITCA 650 20/20 | -1.13 |
| ITCA 650 20/60 | -1.25 |
| ITCA 650 40/40 | -0.48 |
| ITCA 650 40/80 | -1.40 |
| Ex Inj/ITCA 650 40 | -1.16 |
| Ex Inj/ITCA 650 60 | -1.84 |
Mean change in HbA1c over first 12 weeks (Stage I) (NCT00943917)
Timeframe: Day 0 and Week 12
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| ITCA 650 20 mcg/Day - STAGE I | -0.96 |
| ITCA 650 40 mcg/Day - STAGE I | -1.04 |
| Exenatide Injection - STAGE I | -0.82 |
Mean change in HbA1c through Week 24 (NCT00943917)
Timeframe: Day 0 to Week 24
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| ITCA 650 20/20 | -.89 |
| ITCA 650 20/60 | -1.26 |
| ITCA 650 40/40 | -0.67 |
| ITCA 650 40/80 | -1.36 |
| Ex Inj/ITCA 650 40 | -1.01 |
| Ex Inj/ITCA 650 60 | -1.51 |
Mean change in HbA1c through Week 48 (NCT00943917)
Timeframe: Day 0 to Week 48
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| ITCA 650 20/20 | -1.00 |
| ITCA 650 20/60 | -1.23 |
| ITCA 650 40/40 | -0.69 |
| ITCA 650 40/80 | -1.37 |
| Ex Inj/ITCA 650 40 | -1.45 |
| Ex Inj/ITCA 650 60 | -1.88 |
This change from baseline reflects the Week 12 FPG minus the baseline FPG. Means are treatment adjusted for baseline HbA1c, baseline FPG and previous anti-diabetic medication. (NCT00602472)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 12
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 6.2 |
| Linagliptin | -9.5 |
This change from baseline reflects the Week 18 FPG minus the Week 0 FPG. Means are treatment-adjusted for baseline HbA1c, baseline FPG and previous anti-diabetic medication (NCT00602472)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 18
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 7.4 |
| Linagliptin | -4.7 |
This change from baseline reflects the Week 24 FPG minus the baseline FPG. Means are treatment-adjusted for baseline HbA1c, baseline FPG and previous anti-diabetic medication. (NCT00602472)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 8.1 |
| Linagliptin | -4.6 |
This change from baseline reflects the Week 6 FPG minus the baseline FPG. Means are treatment-adjusted for baseline HbA1c, baseline FPG and previous anti-diabetic medication. (NCT00602472)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 6
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 6.3 |
| Linagliptin | -11.5 |
HbA1c is measured as a percentage. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 12 HbA1c percent minus the baseline HbA1c percent. Means are treatment adjusted for baseline HbA1c and previous anti-diabetic medication. (NCT00602472)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 12
| Intervention | Percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.15 |
| Linagliptin | -0.84 |
HbA1c is measured as a percentage. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 18 HbA1c percent minus the baseline HbA1c percent. Means are treatment adjusted for baseline HbA1c and previous anti-diabetic medication. (NCT00602472)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 18
| Intervention | Percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.11 |
| Linagliptin | -0.81 |
HbA1c is measured as a percentage. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 24 HbA1c percent minus the baseline HbA1c percent. Means are treatment adjusted for baseline HbA1c and previous anti-diabetic medication. (NCT00602472)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 24
| Intervention | Percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.10 |
| Linagliptin | -0.72 |
HbA1c is measured as a percentage. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 6 HbA1c percent minus the baseline HbA1c percent. Means are treatment adjusted for baseline HbA1c and previous anti-diabetic medication. (NCT00602472)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 6
| Intervention | Percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.18 |
| Linagliptin | -0.67 |
The percentage of patients with an HbA1c reduction greater than 0.5% at week 24 from baseline was calculated for each treatment arm. If a patient did not have an HbA1c value at week 24 they were considered a failure, so HbA1c reduction less than 0.5% (NCT00602472)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 24
| Intervention | percentage of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 30.2 |
| Linagliptin | 58.2 |
The percentage of patients with an HbA1c value below 7% at week 24 was calculated for each treatment arm. If a patient did not have an HbA1c value at week 24 they were considered a failure, so HbA1c above 7%. (NCT00602472)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 24
| Intervention | percentage of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 9.2 |
| Linagliptin | 31.2 |
The percentage of patients with an HbA1c value below 6.5% at week 24 was calculated for each treatment arm. If a patient did not have an HbA1c value at week 24 they were considered a failure, so HbA1c above 6.5%. Only patients with baseline HbA1c >= 6.5% (NCT00602472)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 24
| Intervention | percentage of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 4.2 |
| Linagliptin | 13.1 |
The percentage of patients with an HbA1c value below 7% at week 24 was calculated for each treatment arm. If a patient did not have an HbA1c value at week 24 they were considered a failure, so HbA1c above 7%. Only patients with baseline HbA1c >= 7% (NCT00602472)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 24
| Intervention | percentage of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 8.1 |
| Linagliptin | 29.2 |
The percentage of patients with an HbA1c value below 6.5% at week 24 was calculated for each treatment arm. If a patient did not have an HbA1c value at week 24 they were considered a failure, so HbA1c above 6.5% (NCT00602472)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 24
| Intervention | percentage of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 4.2 |
| Linagliptin | 13.1 |
Absolute Change = HbA1c value at Week 24 minus HbA1c value at baseline. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug, on or before Visit 11 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 11 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00707031)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide | -0.79 |
| Exenatide | -0.96 |
Change was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug, on or before Visit 11 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 11 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00707031)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | kilogram (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide | -2.96 |
| Exenatide | -3.98 |
Change was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to 1 day after the last dose of study drug, on or before Visit 11 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 11 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00707031)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide | -1.22 |
| Exenatide | -1.45 |
Routine fasting self-monitored plasma glucose (SMPG) and central laboratory FPG (and HbA1c after week 12) values were used to determine the requirement of rescue medication. If fasting SMPG value exceeded the specified limit for 3 consecutive days, the central laboratory FPG (and HbA1c after week 12) were performed. Threshold values - from baseline to Week 8: fasting SMPG/FPG >270 milligram/deciliter (mg/dL) (15.0 mmol/L), from Week 8 to Week 12: fasting SMPG/FPG >240 mg/dL (13.3 mmol/L), and from Week 12 to Week 24: fasting SMPG/FPG >200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or HbA1c > 8.5%. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00707031)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide | 2.2 |
| Exenatide | 3.8 |
The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug, on or before Visit 11 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 11 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00707031)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide | 25.1 |
| Exenatide | 31.4 |
The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug, on or before Visit 11 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 11 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00707031)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide | 48.5 |
| Exenatide | 49.8 |
The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug, on or before Visit 11 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 11 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00707031)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide | 28.5 |
| Exenatide | 35.4 |
PAGI-QOL: a 30-item self-administered questionnaire to measure health related QOL of patients with upper gastrointestinal disorders during past 2 weeks. Consists of 5 sub-scales. Each item rated on a 0-5 point Likert scale (0 [none of the time] to 5 [all the time]). Sub-scale score calculated by dividing sum of all items of subscale by number of items in the sub-scale. Total score calculated by taking mean of sub-scale scores. Sub-scale score and total score ranges from 0=none of the time (lowest score) to 5=all of the time (highest score) with lower scores indicating better QOL. The on-treatment period for this variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug, on or before Visit 11 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 11 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00707031)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide | -0.09 |
| Exenatide | -0.06 |
Symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event with clinical symptoms that were considered to result from a hypoglycemic episode with an accompanying plasma glucose less than 60 mg/dL (3.3 mmol/L) or associated with prompt recovery after oral carbohydrate, intravenous glucose, or glucagon administration if no plasma glucose measurement was available. Severe symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event with clinical symptoms that were considered to result from hypoglycemia in which the patient required the assistance of another person and was associated with either a plasma glucose level below 36 mg/dL (2.0 mmol/L) or prompt recovery after oral carbohydrate, intravenous glucose, or glucagon administration, if no plasma glucose measurement was available. (NCT00707031)
Timeframe: First dose of study drug up to 3 days after the last dose administration, for up to 116 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Symptomatic Hypoglycemia | Severe Symptomatic Hypoglycemia | |
| Exenatide | 46 | 0 |
| Lixisenatide | 16 | 0 |
Battery of neuropsychometric tests to evaluate a variety of cognitive functions. (NCT00597545)
Timeframe: Post-operatively at 1 day
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Conventional Shunt | 1 |
| Prophylactic Shunt | 2 |
Hypoglycemic Events are based upon the Saxagliptin Predefined List of Events, which are hypoglycemia, blood glucose decreased, and hypoglycemic unconsciousness. (NCT00121667)
Timeframe: AEs: up to last treatment day + 1 day or last visit day in the ST+LT period; SAEs: up to last treatment day + 30 days or last visit day + 30 days in the LT+ST period. Mean duration of exposure: 124, 118, 130, 95 wks respectively for 2.5mg, 5mg, 10 mg, pla
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg + Metformin | 23 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 20 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg + Metformin | 21 |
| Placebo+ Metformin | 20 |
'Confirmed' = recorded on the hypoglycemia AE case report form with a fingerstick glucose <= 50 mg/dL and associated symptoms. (NCT00121667)
Timeframe: AEs: up to last treatment day + 1 day or last visit day in the ST+LT period; SAEs: up to last treatment day + 30 days or last visit day + 30 days in the LT+ST period. Mean duration of exposure: 124, 118, 130, 95 wks respectively for 2.5mg, 5mg, 10 mg, pla
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg + Metformin | 3 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 2 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg + Metformin | 3 |
| Placebo+ Metformin | 1 |
(NCT00121667)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg + Metformin | 37.1 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 43.5 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg + Metformin | 44.4 |
| Placebo+ Metformin | 16.6 |
Mean change from baseline is adjusted for baseline value. (NCT00121667)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | mg*min/dL (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline Mean | Adjusted Mean Change from Baseline | |
| Placebo+ Metformin | 47407 | -3291 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg + Metformin | 44931 | -8137 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg + Metformin | 48224 | -8891 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 49021 | -9586 |
Mean change from baseline is adjusted for baseline value. (NCT00121667)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline Mean | Adjusted Mean Change from Baseline | |
| Placebo+ Metformin | 174.94 | 1.24 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg + Metformin | 175.86 | -20.50 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg + Metformin | 173.57 | -14.31 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 179.03 | -22.03 |
Mean change from baseline is adjusted for baseline value. (NCT00121667)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated hemoglobins (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline Mean | Adjusted Mean Change from Baseline | |
| Placebo+ Metformin | 8.06 | 0.13 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg + Metformin | 7.98 | -0.58 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg + Metformin | 8.08 | -0.59 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 8.07 | -0.69 |
(NCT00121667)
Timeframe: Weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30, 37, 50, 63, 76, 89, 102, 115, 128, 141, 154, 167, 180, 193, 206
| Intervention | 10^3 c/µL (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (Week 0) (n=192, 191, 181, 179) | Change from BL at Week 2 (n=178, 175, 170, 169) | Change from BL at Week 4 (n=176, 175, 170, 166) | Change from BL at Week 6 (n=175, 172, 165, 158) | Change from BL at Week 8 (n=172, 172, 163, 153) | Change from BL at Week 10 (n=148, 130, 137, 128) | Change from BL at Week 12 (n=168, 166, 159, 141) | Change from BL at Week 14 (n=156, 152, 145, 136) | Change from BL at Week 16 (n=166, 166, 157, 137) | Change from BL at Week 18 (n=155, 157, 149, 139) | Change from BL at Week 20 (n=162, 153, 154, 146) | Change from BL at Week 22 (n=157, 151, 143, 138) | Change from BL at Week 24 (n=162, 160, 157, 135) | Change from BL at Week 30 (n=159, 155, 154, 136) | Change from BL at Week 37 (n=150, 149, 146, 121) | Change from BL at Week 50 (n=150, 142, 145, 124) | Change from BL at Week 63 (n=147, 136, 140, 115) | Change from BL at Week 76 (n=134, 126, 130, 94) | Change from BL at Week 89 (n=122, 113, 123, 85) | Change from BL at Week 102 (n=104, 104, 111, 68) | Change from BL at Week 115 (n=98, 92, 95, 57) | Change from BL at Week 128 (n=90, 87, 88, 50) | Change from BL at Week 141 (n=85, 78, 84, 47) | Change from BL at Week 154 (n=77, 71, 78, 45) | Change from BL at Week 167 (n=76, 67, 75, 42) | Change from BL at Week 180 (n=69, 60, 72, 41) | Change from BL at Week 193 (n=69, 60, 71, 40) | Change from BL at Week 206 (n=61, 48, 63, 31) | |
| Placebo+ Metformin | 0.02 | -0.00 | -0.00 | 0.00 | -0.00 | -0.00 | -0.01 | -0.01 | -0.00 | -0.00 | -0.00 | -0.00 | -0.00 | 0.00 | -0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | -0.00 | 0.00 | -0.00 | -0.01 | -0.01 | -0.00 | -0.01 | -0.01 | -0.01 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg + Metformin | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | -0.00 | 0.00 | -0.00 | -0.00 | -0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | -0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg + Metformin | 0.02 | -0.00 | 0.00 | -0.00 | -0.00 | -0.00 | 0.00 | -0.00 | -0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | -0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 0.02 | -0.00 | -0.00 | -0.00 | -0.00 | -0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | -0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | -0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 |
(NCT00121667)
Timeframe: Weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30, 37, 50, 63, 76, 89, 102, 115, 128, 141, 154, 167, 180, 193, 206
| Intervention | 10^3 c/µL (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (Week 0) (n=192, 191, 181, 179) | Change from BL at Week 2 (n=178, 175, 170, 169) | Change from BL at Week 4 (n=176, 175, 170, 166) | Change from BL at Week 6 (n=175, 172, 165, 158) | Change from BL at Week 8 (n=172, 172, 163, 153) | Change from BL at Week 10 (n=148, 130, 137, 128) | Change from BL at Week 12 (n=168, 166, 159, 141) | Change from BL at Week 14 (n=156, 152, 145, 136) | Change from BL at Week 16 (n=166, 166, 157, 137) | Change from BL at Week 18 (n=155, 157, 149, 139) | Change from BL at Week 20 (n=162, 153, 154, 146) | Change from BL at Week 22 (n=157, 151, 143, 138) | Change from BL at Week 24 (n=162, 160, 157, 135) | Change from BL at Week 30 (n=159, 155, 154, 136) | Change from BL at Week 37 (n=150, 149, 146, 121) | Change from BL at Week 50 (n=150, 142, 145, 124) | Change from BL at Week 63 (n=147, 136, 140, 115) | Change from BL at Week 76 (n=134, 126, 130, 94) | Change from BL at Week 89 (n=122, 113, 123, 85) | Change from BL at Week 102 (n=104, 104, 111, 68) | Change from BL at Week 115 (n=98, 92, 95, 57) | Change from BL at Week 128 (n=90, 87, 88, 50) | Change from BL at Week 141 (n=85, 78, 84, 47) | Change from BL at Week 154 (n=77, 71, 78, 45) | Change from BL at Week 167 (n=76, 67, 75, 42) | Change from BL at Week 180 (n=69, 60, 72, 41) | Change from BL at Week 193 (n=69, 60, 71, 40) | Change from BL at Week 206 (n=61, 48, 63, 31) | |
| Placebo+ Metformin | 0.21 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.00 | -0.01 | -0.02 | -0.01 | -0.03 | -0.03 | -0.03 | -0.03 | -0.03 | -0.01 | -0.03 | -0.05 | -0.04 | -0.04 | -0.09 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg + Metformin | 0.24 | -0.00 | -0.02 | -0.03 | -0.02 | -0.02 | -0.03 | -0.02 | -0.02 | -0.00 | -0.02 | 0.00 | -0.01 | 0.00 | -0.03 | 0.02 | -0.01 | -0.01 | -0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | -0.01 | -0.00 | 0.00 | -0.01 | -0.00 | 0.03 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg + Metformin | 0.24 | -0.02 | -0.01 | -0.02 | -0.00 | -0.02 | -0.02 | 0.01 | -0.02 | -0.01 | -0.04 | -0.01 | -0.03 | -0.02 | -0.00 | -0.03 | -0.00 | -0.01 | -0.02 | -0.01 | 0.00 | -0.01 | -0.01 | -0.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 | -0.02 | -0.03 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 0.23 | 0.01 | -0.01 | -0.01 | -0.01 | -0.01 | -0.01 | -0.01 | 0.00 | -0.00 | -0.01 | -0.00 | -0.01 | -0.01 | -0.02 | -0.02 | -0.02 | -0.01 | -0.05 | 0.00 | -0.02 | -0.02 | -0.03 | -0.02 | -0.01 | -0.03 | -0.00 | -0.03 |
(NCT00121667)
Timeframe: Weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30, 37, 50, 63, 76, 89, 102, 115, 128, 141, 154, 167, 180, 193, 206
| Intervention | 10^3 c/µL (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (Week 0) (n=192, 191, 181, 179) | Change from BL at Week 2 (n=178, 175, 170, 169) | Change from BL at Week 4 (n=176, 175, 170, 166) | Change from BL at Week 6 (n=175, 172, 165, 158) | Change from BL at Week 8 (n=172, 172, 163, 153) | Change from BL at Week 10 (n=148, 130, 137, 128) | Change from BL at Week 12 (n=168, 166, 159, 141) | Change from BL at Week 14 (n=156, 152, 145, 136) | Change from BL at Week 16 (n=166, 166, 157, 137) | Change from BL at Week 18 (n=155, 157, 149, 139) | Change from BL at Week 20 (n=162, 153, 154, 146) | Change from BL at Week 22 (n=157, 151, 143, 138) | Change from BL at Week 24 (n=162, 160, 157, 135) | Change from BL at Week 30 (n=159, 155, 154, 136) | Change from BL at Week 37 (n=150, 149, 146, 121) | Change from BL at Week 50 (n=150, 142, 145, 124) | Change from BL at Week 63 (n=147, 136, 140, 115) | Change from BL at Week 76 (n=134, 126, 130, 94) | Change from BL at Week 89 (n=122, 114, 123, 85) | Change from BL at Week 102 (n=104, 104, 111, 68) | Change from BL at Week 115 (n=98, 92, 95, 58) | Change from BL at Week 128 (n=91, 88, 88, 50) | Change from BL at Week 141 (n=85, 78, 84, 48) | Change from BL at Week 154 (n=78, 71, 78, 45) | Change from BL at Week 167 (n=77, 67, 75, 42) | Change from BL at Week 180 (n=69, 60, 72, 41) | Change from BL at Week 193 (n=69, 60, 71, 40) | Change from BL at Week 206 (n=61, 48, 63, 31) | |
| Placebo+ Metformin | 2.31 | -0.02 | 0.00 | -0.03 | 0.00 | 0.15 | 0.07 | 0.11 | 0.04 | 0.14 | 0.10 | 0.18 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.00 | -0.10 | -0.16 | -0.17 | -0.21 | -0.20 | -0.12 | -0.21 | -0.17 | -0.19 | -0.13 | -0.14 | -0.14 | -0.32 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg + Metformin | 2.23 | -0.03 | -0.13 | -0.12 | -0.13 | -0.03 | -0.11 | -0.08 | -0.12 | -0.06 | -0.12 | -0.09 | -0.09 | -0.07 | -0.17 | -0.25 | -0.30 | -0.30 | -0.33 | -0.30 | -0.23 | -0.28 | -0.22 | -0.35 | -0.24 | -0.26 | -0.30 | -0.36 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg + Metformin | 2.29 | -0.02 | -0.02 | -0.03 | -0.01 | 0.12 | -0.02 | 0.13 | 0.04 | 0.22 | 0.08 | 0.16 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.04 | -0.12 | -0.12 | -0.11 | -0.14 | -0.20 | -0.13 | -0.15 | -0.04 | -0.23 | -0.11 | -0.21 | -0.18 | -0.40 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 2.29 | -0.07 | -0.04 | -0.06 | -0.04 | 0.07 | -0.02 | 0.04 | -0.08 | 0.04 | -0.07 | 0.05 | -0.02 | 0.03 | 0.00 | -0.17 | -0.17 | -0.23 | -0.23 | -0.14 | -0.15 | -0.24 | -0.20 | -0.28 | -0.25 | -0.35 | -0.31 | -0.39 |
(NCT00121667)
Timeframe: Weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30, 37, 50, 63, 76, 89, 102, 115, 128, 141, 154, 167, 180, 193, 206
| Intervention | 10^3 c/µL (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (Week 0) (n=192, 191, 181, 179) | Change from BL at Week 2 (n=178, 175, 170, 169) | Change from BL at Week 4 (n=176, 175, 170, 166) | Change from BL at Week 6 (n=175, 172, 165, 158) | Change from BL at Week 8 (n=172, 172, 163, 153) | Change from BL at Week 10 (n=148, 130, 137, 128) | Change from BL at Week 12 (n=168, 166, 159, 141) | Change from BL at Week 14 (n=156, 152, 145, 136) | Change from BL at Week 16 (n=166, 166, 157, 137) | Change from BL at Week 18 (n=155, 157, 149, 139) | Change from BL at Week 20 (n=162, 153, 154, 146) | Change from BL at Week 22 (n=157, 151, 143, 138) | Change from BL at Week 24 (n=162, 160, 157, 135) | Change from BL at Week 30 (n=159, 155, 154, 136) | Change from BL at Week 37 (n=150, 149, 146, 121) | Change from BL at Week 50 (n=150, 142, 145, 124) | Change from BL at Week 63 (n=147, 136, 140, 115) | Change from BL at Week 76 (n=134, 126, 130, 94) | Change from BL at Week 89 (n=122, 113, 123, 85) | Change from BL at Week 102 (n=104, 104, 111, 68) | Change from BL at Week 115 (n=98, 92, 95, 57) | Change from BL at Week 128 (n=90, 87, 88, 50) | Change from BL at Week 141 (n=85, 78, 84, 47) | Change from BL at Week 154 (n=77, 71, 78, 45) | Change from BL at Week 167 (n=76, 67, 75, 42) | Change from BL at Week 180 (n=69, 60, 72, 41) | Change from BL at Week 193 (n=69, 60, 71, 40) | Change from BL at Week 206 (n=61, 48, 63, 31) | |
| Placebo+ Metformin | 0.40 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.01 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg + Metformin | 0.42 | -0.00 | -0.01 | 0.01 | -0.02 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.02 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg + Metformin | 0.40 | -0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 0.41 | -0.01 | -0.01 | -0.01 | -0.00 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.04 |
(NCT00121667)
Timeframe: Weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30, 37, 50, 63, 76, 89, 102, 115, 128, 141, 154, 167, 180, 193, 206
| Intervention | 10^3 c/µL (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (Week 0) (n=192, 191, 181, 179) | Change from BL at Week 2 (n=178, 175, 170, 169) | Change from BL at Week 4 (n=176, 175, 170, 166) | Change from BL at Week 6 (n=175, 172, 165, 158) | Change from BL at Week 8 (n=172, 172, 163, 153) | Change from BL at Week 10 (n=148, 130, 137, 128) | Change from BL at Week 12 (n=168, 166, 159, 141) | Change from BL at Week 14 (n=156, 152, 145, 136) | Change from BL at Week 16 (n=166, 166, 157, 137) | Change from BL at Week 18 (n=155, 157, 149, 139) | Change from BL at Week 20 (n=162, 153, 154, 146) | Change from BL at Week 22 (n=157, 151, 143, 138) | Change from BL at Week 24 (n=162, 160, 157, 135) | Change from BL at Week 30 (n=159, 155, 154, 136) | Change from BL at Week 37 (n=150, 149, 146, 121) | Change from BL at Week 50 (n=150, 142, 145, 124) | Change from BL at Week 63 (n=147, 136, 140, 115) | Change from BL at Week 76 (n=134, 126, 130, 94) | Change from BL at Week 89 (n=122, 113, 123, 85) | Change from BL at Week 102 (n=104, 104, 111, 68) | Change from BL at Week 115 (n=98, 92, 95, 57) | Change from BL at Week 128 (n=90, 87, 88, 50) | Change from BL at Week 141 (n=85, 78, 84, 47) | Change from BL at Week 154 (n=77, 71, 78, 45) | Change from BL at Week 167 (n=76, 67, 75, 42) | Change from BL at Week 180 (n=69, 60, 72, 41) | Change from BL at Week 193 (n=69, 60, 71, 40) | Change from BL at Week 206 (n=61, 48, 63, 31) | |
| Placebo+ Metformin | 4.23 | 0.12 | 0.19 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.19 | 0.27 | 0.17 | 0.33 | 0.34 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.08 | -0.25 | -0.25 | -0.13 | -0.18 | -0.35 | -0.01 | -0.11 | 0.07 | -0.34 | -0.22 | -0.20 | -0.19 | -0.29 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg + Metformin | 4.19 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.22 | 0.35 | 0.26 | 0.40 | 0.32 | 0.30 | 0.41 | 0.32 | 0.30 | 0.20 | 0.26 | 0.20 | -0.01 | 0.23 | 0.03 | 0.08 | -0.05 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.32 | -0.23 | 0.06 | -0.17 | 0.11 | -0.03 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg + Metformin | 4.27 | 0.15 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.27 | 0.22 | 0.38 | 0.24 | 0.41 | 0.17 | 0.24 | 0.06 | 0.21 | 0.27 | -0.03 | -0.05 | -0.11 | -0.17 | -0.16 | 0.00 | -0.04 | 0.00 | 0.06 | -0.04 | -0.23 | -0.25 | -0.14 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 4.27 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.28 | 0.11 | 0.24 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.06 | 0.24 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | -0.08 | -0.04 | -0.13 | -0.04 | -0.23 | -0.10 | 0.02 | -0.35 | -0.11 | -0.40 |
(NCT00121667)
Timeframe: Weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30, 37, 50, 63, 76, 89, 102, 115, 128, 141, 154, 167, 180, 193, 206
| Intervention | percentage red blood cells (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (Week 0) (n=192, 191, 181, 179) | Change from BL at Week 2 (n=181, 177, 172, 169) | Change from BL at Week 4 (n=178, 178, 174, 166) | Change from BL at Week 6 (n=176, 174, 166, 160) | Change from BL at Week 8 (n=173, 176, 165, 157) | Change from BL at Week 10 (n=149, 134, 137, 131) | Change from BL at Week 12 (n=170, 167, 160, 144) | Change from BL at Week 14 (n=156, 154, 146, 139) | Change from BL at Week 16 (n=167, 166, 159, 140) | Change from BL at Week 18 (n=155, 158, 149, 141) | Change from BL at Week 20 (n=162, 153, 154, 147) | Change from BL at Week 22 (n=157, 152, 143, 138) | Change from BL at Week 24 (n=164, 160, 159, 137) | Change from BL at Week 30 (n=161, 155, 154, 137) | Change from BL at Week 37 (n=152, 149, 146, 122) | Change from BL at Week 50 (n=151, 142, 146, 127) | Change from BL at Week 63 (n=148, 137, 142, 116) | Change from BL at Week 76 (n=134, 126, 130, 94) | Change from BL at Week 89 (n=123, 114, 123, 85) | Change from BL at Week 102 (n=108, 104, 112, 70) | Change from BL at Week 115 (n=99, 94, 98, 58) | Change from BL at Week 128 (n=92, 88, 90, 52) | Change from BL at Week 141 (n=85, 79, 85, 48) | Change from BL at Week 154 (n=81, 74, 78, 45) | Change from BL at Week 167 (n=77, 67, 75, 42) | Change from BL at Week 180 (n=70, 61, 73, 41) | Change from BL at Week 193 (n=70, 60, 72, 40) | Change from BL at Week 206 (n=61, 50, 64, 31) | |
| Placebo+ Metformin | 41.8 | -0.4 | -0.0 | -0.0 | -0.0 | -0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | -0.1 | -0.3 | -0.5 | -0.4 | -0.2 | -0.1 | -0.0 | -0.0 | -0.4 | -0.3 | -0.7 | -0.2 | -0.5 | -0.9 | -1.6 | -1.1 | -1.2 | -0.7 | -1.3 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg + Metformin | 42.2 | -0.5 | -0.2 | -0.1 | -0.0 | -0.2 | 0.4 | -0.1 | -0.1 | -0.3 | -0.2 | -0.5 | -0.3 | -0.0 | 0.0 | -0.1 | -0.1 | 0.1 | -0.3 | -0.2 | -0.4 | -0.5 | -0.3 | -1.2 | -1.2 | -0.7 | -0.5 | -0.7 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg + Metformin | 41.9 | -0.3 | -0.3 | -0.2 | -0.4 | -0.4 | -0.1 | -0.2 | -0.1 | -0.3 | -0.1 | -0.2 | -0.3 | -0.2 | -0.1 | -0.4 | 0.1 | -0.2 | -0.2 | -0.7 | -0.1 | -0.6 | -0.6 | -1.5 | -1.0 | -1.1 | -0.7 | -1.5 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 42.3 | -0.5 | -0.4 | -0.3 | -0.1 | -0.4 | -0.1 | -0.2 | 0.0 | -0.5 | -0.3 | -0.5 | -0.4 | -0.4 | -0.4 | -0.5 | -0.5 | -0.4 | -0.5 | -0.9 | 0.0 | -0.5 | -0.6 | -1.7 | -1.6 | -1.8 | -1.7 | -2.3 |
(NCT00121667)
Timeframe: Weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30, 37, 50, 63, 76, 89, 102, 115, 128, 141, 154, 167, 180, 193, 206
| Intervention | g/dL (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (BL) (Week 0) (n=192, 191, 181, 179) | Change from BL at Week 2 (n=181, 177, 172, 169) | Change from BL at Week 4 (n=178, 178, 174, 166) | Change from BL at Week 6 (n=176, 174, 166, 160) | Change from BL at Week 8 (n=173, 176, 165, 157) | Change from BL at Week 10 (n=149, 134, 137, 131) | Change from BL at Week 12 (n=170, 167, 160, 144) | Change from BL at Week 14 (n=156, 154, 146, 139) | Change from BL at Week 16 (n=167, 166, 159, 140) | Change from BL at Week 18 (n=155, 158, 149, 141) | Change from BL at Week 20 (n=162, 153, 154, 147) | Change from BL at Week 22 (n=157, 152, 143, 138) | Change from BL at Week 24 (n=164, 160, 159, 137) | Change from BL at Week 30 (n=161, 155, 154, 137) | Change from BL at Week 37 (n=152, 149, 146, 122) | Change from BL at Week 50 (n=151, 142, 146, 127) | Change from BL at Week 63 (n=148, 137, 142, 116) | Change from BL at Week 76 (n=134, 126, 130, 94) | Change from BL at Week 89 (n=123, 114, 123, 85) | Change from BL at Week 102 (n=108, 104, 112, 70) | Change from BL at Week 115 (n=99, 94, 98, 58) | Change from BL at Week 128 (n=92, 88, 90, 52) | Change from BL at Week 141 (n=85, 79, 85, 48) | Change from BL at Week 154 (n=81, 74, 78, 45) | Change from BL at Week 167 (n=77, 67, 75, 42) | Change from BL at Week 180 (n=70, 61, 73, 41) | Change from BL at Week 193 (n=70, 60, 72, 40) | Change from BL at Week 206 (n=61, 50, 64, 31) | |
| Placebo+ Metformin | 13.99 | -0.09 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.01 | -0.16 | -0.05 | -0.02 | -0.01 | -0.09 | -0.12 | -0.23 | -0.24 | -0.18 | -0.17 | -0.12 | -0.07 | -0.26 | -0.25 | -0.34 | -0.26 | -0.28 | -0.45 | -0.57 | -0.51 | -0.53 | -0.53 | -0.75 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg + Metformin | 14.18 | -0.18 | -0.09 | -0.07 | -0.02 | -0.16 | 0.03 | -0.10 | -0.10 | -0.19 | -0.10 | -0.25 | -0.25 | -0.22 | -0.19 | -0.13 | -0.17 | -0.26 | -0.32 | -0.27 | -0.36 | -0.39 | -0.42 | -0.47 | -0.53 | -0.46 | -0.47 | -0.49 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg + Metformin | 14.06 | -0.08 | -0.07 | -0.06 | -0.07 | -0.16 | -0.05 | -0.15 | -0.12 | -0.24 | -0.16 | -0.21 | -0.23 | -0.19 | -0.17 | -0.22 | -0.10 | -0.27 | -0.22 | -0.36 | -0.26 | -0.40 | -0.49 | -0.59 | -0.49 | -0.62 | -0.60 | -0.62 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 14.18 | -0.18 | -0.15 | -0.15 | -0.07 | -0.17 | -0.11 | -0.20 | -0.13 | -0.28 | -0.23 | -0.33 | -0.30 | -0.29 | -0.29 | -0.22 | -0.28 | -0.31 | -0.38 | -0.40 | -0.26 | -0.41 | -0.45 | -0.56 | -0.58 | -0.81 | -0.82 | -0.87 |
(NCT00121667)
Timeframe: Weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30, 37, 50, 63, 76, 89, 102, 115, 128, 141, 154, 167, 180, 193, 206
| Intervention | 10^9 c/L (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (Week 0) (n=192, 189, 181, 178) | Change from BL at Week 2 (n=179, 168, 167, 166) | Change from BL at Week 4 (n=176, 172, 168, 164) | Change from BL at Week 6 (n=171, 171, 164, 157) | Change from BL at Week 8 (n=172, 170, 162, 151) | Change from BL at Week 10 (n=147, 132, 137, 129) | Change from BL at Week 12 (n=170, 165, 157, 141) | Change from BL at Week 14 (n=153, 149, 145, 133) | Change from BL at Week 16 (n=166, 161, 156, 133) | Change from BL at Week 18 (n=152, 155, 147, 139) | Change from BL at Week 20 (n=160, 151, 153, 144) | Change from BL at Week 22 (n=151, 148, 142, 134) | Change from BL at Week 24 (n=158, 153, 156, 135) | Change from BL at Week 30 (n=157, 153, 148, 130) | Change from BL at Week 37 (n=149, 142, 139, 120) | Change from BL at Week 50 (n=151, 141, 143, 120) | Change from BL at Week 63 (n=147, 132, 137, 115) | Change from BL at Week 76 (n=132, 124, 130, 92) | Change from BL at Week 89 (n=122, 111, 122, 84) | Change from BL at Week 102 (n=107, 103, 110, 69) | Change from BL at Week 115 (n=99, 93, 98, 57) | Change from BL at Week 128 (n=91, 84, 88, 51) | Change from BL at Week 141 (n=83, 77, 84, 47) | Change from BL at Week 154 (n=79, 70, 77, 45) | Change from BL at Week 167 (n=75, 64, 74, 41) | Change from BL at Week 180 (n=68, 60, 71, 41) | Change from BL at Week 193 (n=67, 57, 68, 40) | Change from BL at Week 206 (n=61, 49, 64, 31) | |
| Placebo+ Metformin | 261.0 | 13.7 | 11.1 | 12.0 | 8.5 | 11.5 | 8.2 | 7.5 | 7.4 | 8.5 | 6.8 | 4.1 | -2.3 | 2.0 | -2.3 | -6.4 | -4.7 | 4.7 | 13.6 | 6.1 | 7.0 | 4.5 | 12.0 | 12.5 | 13.8 | 8.9 | 12.2 | 9.8 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg + Metformin | 258.7 | 6.5 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 0.5 | 4.8 | 2.5 | -0.0 | 5.2 | -1.7 | -1.7 | -2.0 | -0.8 | -11.9 | -9.0 | 0.1 | -2.6 | 1.4 | 3.3 | 1.2 | 2.2 | 1.1 | -1.8 | -1.9 | -8.3 | -8.5 | -4.7 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg + Metformin | 265.5 | 8.4 | 11.3 | 8.7 | 6.7 | 4.7 | 6.8 | 6.1 | 5.3 | 5.6 | 4.9 | 3.5 | 0.6 | -0.1 | -2.6 | -3.2 | 2.6 | 0.1 | 9.1 | 0.3 | 1.1 | 5.7 | 9.2 | 8.0 | 10.1 | -2.7 | 1.3 | -0.7 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 256.2 | 9.8 | 11.8 | 8.5 | 7.5 | 8.5 | 9.3 | 7.4 | 7.1 | 3.0 | 7.0 | 9.7 | 3.5 | 3.6 | -4.1 | -2.4 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 8.6 | 6.1 | 4.2 | 3.2 | 6.5 | 9.4 | 3.2 | -1.2 | -2.9 | 1.5 |
(NCT00121667)
Timeframe: Weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30, 37, 50, 63, 76, 89, 102, 115, 128, 141, 154, 167, 180, 193, 206
| Intervention | 10^6 c/µL (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (Week 0) (n=192, 191, 181, 179) | Change from BL at Week 2 (n=181, 177, 172, 169) | Change from BL at Week 4 (n=178, 178, 174, 166) | Change from BL at Week 6 (n=176, 174, 166, 160) | Change from BL at Week 8 (n=173, 176, 165, 157) | Change from BL at Week 10 (n=149, 134, 137, 131) | Change from BL at Week 12 (n=170, 167, 160, 144) | Change from BL at Week 14 (n=156, 154, 146, 139) | Change from BL at Week 16 (n=167, 166, 159, 140) | Change from BL at Week 18 (n=155, 158, 149, 141) | Change from BL at Week 20 (n=162, 153, 154, 147) | Change from BL at Week 22 (n=157, 152, 143, 138) | Change from BL at Week 24 (n=164, 160, 159, 137) | Change from BL at Week 30 (n=161, 155, 154, 137) | Change from BL at Week 37 (n=152, 149, 146, 122) | Change from BL at Week 50 (n=151, 142, 146, 127) | Change from BL at Week 63 (n=148, 137, 142, 116) | Change from BL at Week 76 (n=134, 126, 130, 94) | Change from BL at Week 89 (n=123, 114, 123, 85) | Change from BL at Week 102 (n=108, 104, 112, 70) | Change from BL at Week 115 (n=99, 94, 98, 58) | Change from BL at Week 128 (n=92, 88, 90, 52) | Change from BL at Week 141 (n=85, 79, 85, 48) | Change from BL at Week 154 (n=81, 74, 78, 45) | Change from BL at Week 167 (n=77, 67, 75, 42) | Change from BL at Week 180 (n=70, 61, 73, 41) | Change from BL at Week 193 (n=70, 60, 72, 40) | Change from BL at Week 206 (n=61, 50, 64, 31) | |
| Placebo+ Metformin | 4.66 | -0.03 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.03 | -0.02 | -0.03 | -0.01 | 0.00 | -0.03 | -0.02 | -0.09 | -0.07 | -0.14 | -0.11 | -0.08 | -0.13 | -0.20 | -0.16 | -0.16 | -0.13 | -0.15 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg + Metformin | 4.70 | -0.05 | -0.01 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.00 | -0.01 | -0.02 | -0.07 | -0.07 | -0.06 | -0.06 | -0.06 | -0.11 | -0.12 | -0.09 | -0.12 | -0.09 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg + Metformin | 4.68 | -0.04 | -0.02 | -0.01 | 0.00 | -0.03 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | -0.02 | -0.01 | -0.00 | -0.06 | -0.01 | -0.08 | -0.09 | -0.13 | -0.08 | -0.10 | -0.13 | -0.19 | -0.14 | -0.16 | -0.14 | -0.16 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 4.73 | -0.05 | -0.04 | -0.02 | 0.02 | -0.02 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.05 | -0.01 | 0.02 | -0.03 | -0.02 | -0.02 | -0.01 | -0.04 | -0.04 | -0.06 | -0.09 | -0.12 | -0.04 | -0.07 | -0.10 | -0.17 | -0.15 | -0.21 | -0.22 | -0.25 |
(NCT00121667)
Timeframe: Weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30, 37, 50, 63, 76, 89, 102, 115, 128, 141, 154, 167, 180, 193, 206
| Intervention | 10^3 c/µL (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (Week 0) (n=192, 191, 181, 179) | Change from BL at Week 2 (n=178, 175, 171, 169) | Change from BL at Week 4 (n=176, 176, 171, 166) | Change from BL at Week 6 (n=175, 172, 165, 158) | Change from BL at Week 8 (n=172, 174, 163, 153) | Change from BL at Week 10 (n=148, 130, 137, 128) | Change from BL at Week 12 (n=169, 166, 159, 142) | Change from BL at Week 14 (n=156, 152, 145, 136) | Change from BL at Week 16 (n=166, 166, 159, 137) | Change from BL at Week 18 (n=155, 158, 149, 139) | Change from BL at Week 20 (n=162, 153, 154, 146) | Change from BL at Week 22 (n=157, 152, 143, 138) | Change from BL at Week 24 (n=162, 160, 157, 135) | Change from BL at Week 30 (n=160, 155, 154, 136) | Change from BL at Week 37 (n=150, 149, 146, 121) | Change from BL at Week 50 (n=150, 142, 145, 125) | Change from BL at Week 63 (n=147, 136, 140, 115) | Change from BL at Week 76 (n=134, 126, 130, 94) | Change from BL at Week 89 (n=122, 114, 123, 85) | Change from BL at Week 102 (n=105, 104, 111, 68) | Change from BL at Week 115 (n=98, 92, 95, 57) | Change from BL at Week 128 (n=90, 87, 88, 50) | Change from BL at Week 141 (n=85, 78, 85, 47) | Change from BL at Week 154 (n=77, 72, 78, 45) | Change from BL at Week 167 (n=76, 67, 75, 42) | Change from BL at Week 180 (n=70, 60, 72, 41) | Change from BL at Week 193 (n=69, 60, 72, 40) | Change from BL at Week 206 (n=61, 49, 63, 31) | |
| Placebo+ Metformin | 7.19 | 0.11 | 0.22 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.39 | 0.37 | 0.33 | 0.42 | 0.58 | 0.39 | 0.50 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.10 | -0.36 | -0.39 | -0.30 | -0.38 | -0.54 | -0.15 | -0.32 | -0.07 | -0.54 | -0.38 | -0.37 | -0.35 | -0.71 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg + Metformin | 7.12 | 0.17 | -0.02 | 0.07 | 0.19 | 0.23 | 0.26 | 0.24 | 0.16 | 0.39 | 0.19 | 0.24 | 0.11 | 0.21 | 0.02 | -0.20 | -0.02 | -0.25 | -0.21 | -0.31 | -0.05 | -0.12 | 0.13 | -0.55 | -0.18 | -0.38 | -0.13 | -0.36 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg + Metformin | 7.23 | 0.10 | 0.19 | 0.11 | 0.15 | 0.42 | 0.18 | 0.57 | 0.28 | 0.67 | 0.23 | 0.45 | 0.13 | 0.27 | 0.34 | -0.14 | -0.10 | -0.19 | -0.29 | -0.36 | -0.10 | -0.16 | -0.01 | -0.19 | -0.15 | -0.40 | -0.45 | -0.58 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 7.25 | -0.03 | 0.04 | 0.02 | -0.03 | 0.37 | 0.08 | 0.30 | 0.07 | 0.23 | -0.02 | 0.36 | 0.12 | 0.05 | 0.10 | -0.14 | -0.10 | -0.18 | -0.34 | -0.11 | -0.26 | -0.27 | -0.42 | -0.38 | -0.18 | -0.72 | -0.34 | -0.80 |
(NCT00121667)
Timeframe: Weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30, 37, 50, 63, 76, 89, 102, 115, 128, 141, 154, 167, 180, 193, 206
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change from BL at Week 2 (n=182, 181, 176, 170) | Change from BL at Week 4 (n=178, 179, 175, 164) | Change from BL at Week 6 (n=178, 176, 171, 162) | Change from BL at Week 8 (n=175, 176, 170, 152) | Change from BL at Week 10 (n=116, 108, 101, 101) | Change from BL at Week 12 (n=170, 166, 161, 138) | Change from BL at Week 14 (n=132, 129, 124, 116) | Change from BL at Week 16 (n=166, 164, 156, 140) | Change from BL at Week 18 (n=144, 141, 132, 123) | Change from BL at Week 20 (n=163, 155, 153, 147) | Change from BL at Week 22 (n=146, 140, 136, 126) | Change from BL at Week 24 (n=165, 160, 161, 140) | Change from BL at Week 30 (n=162, 156, 155, 138) | Change from BL at Week 37 (n=154, 151, 149, 123) | Change from BL at Week 50 (n=155, 147, 151, 130) | Change from BL at Week 63 (n=151, 138, 145, 117) | Change from BL at Week 76 (n=134, 126, 133, 98) | Change from BL at Week 89 (n=124, 117, 125, 86) | Change from BL at Week 102 (n=111, 107, 113, 73) | Change from BL at Week 115 (n=100, 94, 98, 58) | Change from BL at Week 128 (n=94, 88, 90, 52) | Change from BL at Week 141 (n=87, 82, 85, 49) | Change from BL at Week 154 (n=84, 75, 79, 45) | Change from BL at Week 167 (n=78, 67, 75, 42) | Change from BL at Week 180 (n=71, 63, 74, 41) | Change from BL at Week 193 (n=70, 60, 72, 40) | Change from BL at Week 206 (n=61, 53, 64, 33) | |
| Placebo+ Metformin | -1.5 | -1.4 | -1.4 | -2.2 | -3.4 | -1.7 | -2.1 | -1.0 | -1.8 | -1.9 | -1.6 | -2.4 | -1.6 | -1.6 | -1.4 | -0.7 | -1.8 | -2.1 | -3.6 | -3.6 | -3.1 | -2.7 | -4.6 | -2.0 | -1.6 | -2.6 | -2.8 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg + Metformin | -0.9 | -1.3 | -0.5 | -1.5 | -1.6 | -2.1 | -2.2 | -1.7 | -2.3 | -2.1 | -1.6 | -2.5 | -1.6 | -1.9 | -1.5 | -0.9 | -1.6 | -1.9 | -2.3 | -1.1 | -1.2 | -3.0 | -2.7 | -1.6 | -0.9 | -1.7 | -2.3 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg + Metformin | -1.0 | -0.3 | -0.1 | -1.1 | 0.3 | -0.6 | -0.2 | -0.7 | -1.4 | -1.2 | -0.7 | -1.3 | -0.9 | -0.9 | -1.1 | -0.8 | -0.2 | -1.2 | -2.2 | -0.1 | -0.6 | 0.7 | -0.7 | 2.1 | -0.3 | 0.4 | -2.8 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | -1.1 | -0.9 | -1.6 | -1.9 | -0.5 | -1.0 | -0.4 | -1.0 | -0.7 | -1.0 | -1.2 | -1.3 | -0.5 | -1.1 | -1.7 | -0.3 | -1.2 | -0.8 | -0.4 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.3 | -1.8 | -1.4 | -1.4 | -2.6 | -0.6 |
(NCT00121667)
Timeframe: Weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30, 37, 50, 63, 76, 89, 102, 115, 128, 141, 154, 167, 180, 193, 206
| Intervention | beats/min (Mean) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change from BL at Week 2 (n=182, 181, 176, 170) | Change from BL at Week 4 (n=178, 179, 175, 164) | Change from BL at Week 6 (n=178, 176, 171, 162) | Change from BL at Week 8 (n=175, 176, 170, 152) | Change from BL at Week 10 (n=116, 106, 100, 101) | Change from BL at Week 12 (n=170, 166, 161, 138) | Change from BL at Week 14 (n=132, 129, 124, 116) | Change from BL at Week 16 (n=166, 164, 156, 140) | Change from BL at Week 18 (n=144, 141, 132, 123) | Change from BL at Week 20 (n=163, 155, 153, 147) | Change from BL at Week 22 (n=146, 140, 136, 126) | Change from BL at Week 24 (n=165, 160, 161, 140) | Change from BL at Week 30 (n=162, 156, 154, 138) | Change from BL at Week 37 (n=154, 151, 149, 123) | Change from BL at Week 50 (n=154, 147, 151, 130) | Change from BL at Week 63 (n=151, 138, 145, 117) | Change from BL at Week 76 (n=134, 126, 133, 98) | Change from BL at Week 89 (n=124, 116, 125, 86) | Change from BL at Week 102 (n=111, 107, 113, 73) | Change from BL at Week 115 (n=100, 94, 98, 58) | Change from BL at Week 128 (n=94, 88, 90, 52) | Change from BL at Week 141 (n=87, 82, 85, 49) | Change from BL at Week 154 (n=84, 75, 79, 45) | Change from BL at Week 167 (n=78, 67, 75, 42) | Change from BL at Week 180 (n=71, 63, 74, 41) | Change from BL at Week 193 (n=70, 60, 72, 40) | Change from BL at Week 206 (n=61, 53, 64, 33) | |
| Placebo+ Metformin | 0.7 | 0.1 | -0.5 | -0.6 | -1.5 | -1.5 | -1.5 | -0.5 | -0.5 | -0.8 | -1.6 | -0.7 | -0.1 | -0.6 | -1.0 | -0.5 | -1.4 | -1.6 | -1.8 | -2.4 | -0.9 | -1.2 | -2.8 | -0.9 | -2.7 | -1.8 | -1.1 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg + Metformin | -0.4 | -0.0 | -0.2 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1.0 | -0.5 | 0.3 | -0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.3 | -0.3 | 0.1 | -0.8 | -0.5 | -0.2 | 0.6 | -0.8 | -0.9 | -0.6 | -0.0 | -1.2 | 0.2 | -1.1 | -1.2 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg + Metformin | -0.3 | -0.1 | -0.2 | 0.5 | -0.5 | -0.2 | -0.1 | -0.6 | -0.0 | -0.0 | 0.4 | -0.6 | -0.7 | -1.2 | -1.0 | -0.8 | -1.3 | -1.5 | -0.6 | -0.5 | -0.2 | -1.7 | -0.6 | 0.3 | -0.8 | -0.3 | 0.1 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 1.4 | 0.4 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 2.4 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.4 | -0.0 | -0.3 | 0.5 | -0.3 | -0.7 | -1.7 | -0.9 | -0.0 | -2.8 | -2.2 | -0.9 |
(NCT00121667)
Timeframe: Weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30, 37, 50, 63, 76, 89, 102, 115, 128, 141, 154, 167, 180, 193, 206
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change from BL at Week 2 (n=182, 181, 176, 170) | Change from BL at Week 4 (n=178, 179, 175, 164) | Change from BL at Week 6 (n=178, 176, 171, 162) | Change from BL at Week 8 (n=175, 176, 170, 152) | Change from BL at Week 10 (n=116, 108, 101, 101) | Change from BL at Week 12 (n=170, 166, 161, 138) | Change from BL at Week 14 (n=132, 129, 124, 116) | Change from BL at Week 16 (n=166, 164, 156, 140) | Change from BL at Week 18 (n=144, 141, 132, 123) | Change from BL at Week 20 (n=163, 155, 153, 147) | Change from BL at Week 22 (n=146, 140, 136, 126) | Change from BL at Week 24 (n=165, 160, 161, 140) | Change from BL at Week 30 (n=162, 156, 155, 138) | Change from BL at Week 37 (n=154, 151, 149, 123) | Change from BL at Week 50 (n=155, 147, 151, 130) | Change from BL at Week 63 (n=151, 138, 145, 117) | Change from BL at Week 76 (n=134, 126, 133, 98) | Change from BL at Week 89 (n=124, 117, 125, 86) | Change from BL at Week 102 (n=111, 107, 113, 73) | Change from BL at Week 115 (n=100, 94, 98, 58) | Change from BL at Week 128 (n=94, 88, 90, 52) | Change from BL at Week 141 (n=87, 82, 85, 49) | Change from BL at Week 154 (n=84, 75, 79, 45) | Change from BL at Week 167 (n=78, 67, 75, 42) | Change from BL at Week 180 (n=71, 63, 74, 41) | Change from BL at Week 193 (n=70, 60, 72, 40) | Change from BL at Week 206 (n=61, 53, 64, 33) | |
| Placebo+ Metformin | -3.3 | -2.9 | -2.8 | -3.7 | -6.8 | -4.3 | -2.6 | -2.6 | -4.1 | -4.3 | -4.7 | -4.5 | -3.4 | -2.3 | -2.9 | -0.0 | -1.7 | 0.3 | -2.0 | -2.8 | -2.5 | 0.3 | -2.8 | -1.8 | 2.7 | -1.4 | -0.4 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg + Metformin | -1.6 | -3.3 | -2.8 | -4.2 | -2.8 | -4.3 | -3.4 | -4.4 | -4.2 | -4.9 | -3.1 | -3.8 | -2.5 | -3.3 | -1.9 | -0.6 | -0.7 | -1.7 | -2.8 | -1.3 | 1.5 | -1.5 | 1.5 | 0.7 | 3.5 | 0.2 | 1.7 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg + Metformin | -1.6 | -2.0 | -2.8 | -2.9 | -2.1 | -2.2 | -0.7 | -2.7 | -1.9 | -2.9 | -2.0 | -4.3 | -3.6 | -2.6 | -2.6 | -0.6 | -0.1 | -3.7 | -3.2 | -0.4 | -0.4 | -0.7 | 0.3 | 0.8 | -0.0 | -0.1 | -2.6 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | -2.5 | -2.3 | -4.1 | -4.2 | -3.3 | -2.8 | -2.3 | -3.5 | -2.2 | -2.2 | -3.1 | -3.6 | -1.1 | -1.8 | -1.7 | 0.9 | -0.6 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 2.0 | 2.9 | 2.0 | -0.0 | -0.4 | 3.1 | 0.9 | 2.2 |
The normality/abnormality of the ECG tracing was determined by the investigator. (NCT00121667)
Timeframe: Baseline, Weeks 12, 24, 76, 102, 154, 206,
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal BL, Normal Week 12(BL n=108, 109, 104, 104) | Normal BL, Abnormal Week 12 (BL n=108,109,104,104) | Abnormal BL, Normal Week 12 (BL n=69, 66, 70, 58) | Abnormal BL, Abnormal Week 12(BL n=69, 66, 70, 58) | Normal BL, Normal Week 24 (BL n=96, 87, 83, 77) | Normal BL, Abnormal Week 24 (BL n=96, 87, 83, 77) | Abnormal BL, Normal Week 24 (BL n=58, 58, 56, 41) | Abnormal BL, Abnormal Week 24(BL n=58, 58, 56, 41) | Normal BL, Normal Week 76 (BL n=94, 89, 92, 81) | Normal BL, Abnormal Week 76 (BL n=94, 89, 92, 81) | Abnormal BL, Normal Week 76 (BL n=51, 52, 59, 44) | Abnormal BL, Abnormal Week 76 (BL n=51,52,59,44) | Normal BL, Normal Week 102 (BL n=80, 66, 65, 50) | Normal BL, Abnormal Week 102 (BL n=80, 66, 65, 50) | Abnormal BL, Normal Week 102 (BL n=43,45,49, 21) | Abnormal BL, Abnormal Week 102 (BL n=43,45,49, 21) | Normal BL, Normal Week 154 (BL n=60, 46, 53, 34) | Normal BL, Abnormal Week 154 (BL n=60, 46, 53, 34) | Abnormal BL, Normal Week 154 (BL n=26, 34, 34, 16) | Abnormal BL, Abnormal Week 154 (BL n=26,34,34,16) | Normal BL, Normal Week 206 (BL n=48, 31, 42, 24) | Normal BL, Abnormal Week 206 (BL n=48, 31, 42, 24) | Abnormal BL, Normal Week 206 (BL n=20, 25, 28, 13) | Abnormal BL, Abnormal Week 206 (BL n=20,25,28,13) | |
| Placebo+ Metformin | 82 | 22 | 12 | 46 | 61 | 16 | 14 | 27 | 60 | 21 | 13 | 31 | 41 | 9 | 6 | 15 | 26 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 16 | 8 | 7 | 6 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg + Metformin | 94 | 10 | 22 | 48 | 70 | 13 | 15 | 41 | 73 | 19 | 18 | 41 | 48 | 17 | 14 | 35 | 37 | 16 | 12 | 22 | 32 | 10 | 11 | 17 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg + Metformin | 97 | 11 | 14 | 55 | 82 | 14 | 16 | 42 | 75 | 19 | 13 | 38 | 63 | 17 | 11 | 32 | 48 | 12 | 10 | 16 | 39 | 9 | 9 | 11 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 98 | 11 | 22 | 44 | 79 | 8 | 22 | 36 | 74 | 15 | 18 | 34 | 55 | 11 | 14 | 31 | 36 | 10 | 13 | 21 | 27 | 4 | 9 | 16 |
A laboratory value was considered a marked abnormality if it is outside the pre-defined criteria for marked abnormality and the on-treatment value was more extreme (farther from the limit) than the baseline value. Pre-Rx=pretreatment; ULN=upper limit of normal; ALP=alkaline phosphatase; AST=aspartate aminotransferase; ALT=alanine aminotransferase; unspec=unspecified; sodium serum low: <0.9 x Pre-Rx & <=130mEq/L / high: >1.1 x Pre-Rx & >=150mEq/L; potassium, serum low: <=0.8 x Pre-Rx & >=6.0mEq/L / high: 1.2 x Pre-Rx & >=6.0mEq/L; LLN=lower limit of normal. (NCT00121667)
Timeframe: Lab assessments taken during and up to 14 days after the last dose of study drug during the ST + LT Treatment Period. Mean duration of exposure: 124, 118, 130, 95 weeks, respectively, for 2.5mg, 5mg, 10 mg, placebo.
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hemoglobin < 8 g/dL (n=189, 190, 181, 179) | Hematocrit < 0.75 x pre-Rx (n=189, 190, 181, 179) | Platelets < 50 x 10^9 c/L (n=189, 188, 181, 178) | Platelets > 1.5 x ULN (n=189, 188, 181, 178) | Leukocytes < 2 x 1000 c/µL (n=189, 190, 181, 179) | Neutrophils+Bands <1x1000 c/µL (n=189,190,181,179) | Eosinophils >0.9x1000 c/µL (n=189, 190, 181, 179) | Lymphocytes <=0.75x1000 c/µL (n=189,190,181,179) | ALP >3 x pre-Rx and >ULN (n=190, 190, 181, 179) | ALP >1.5 x ULN (n=190, 190, 181, 179) | AST >3 x ULN (n=190, 190, 181, 179) | AST >5 x ULN (n=190, 190, 181, 179) | AST >10 x ULN (n=190, 190, 181, 179) | AST >20 x ULN (n=190, 190, 181, 179) | ALT >3 x ULN (n=190, 190, 181, 179) | ALT >5 x ULN (n=190, 190, 181, 179) | ALT >10 x ULN (n=190, 190, 181, 179) | ALT >20 x ULN (n=190, 190, 181, 179) | Bilirubin Total >2mg/dL (n=190,190,181,179) | Bilirubin Total >1.5xULN (n=190,190,181,179) | Bilirubin Total >2xULN (n=190,190,181,179) | BUN >2 x pre-Rx and >ULN (n=190,190,181,179) | Creatinine >2.5 mg/dL (n=190,190,181,179) | Glucose, Serum Fasting < 50 mg/dL (n=0, 0, 0, 0) | Glucose, Serum Fasting > 500 mg/dL (n=0, 0, 0, 0) | Glucose, Serum Unspec. < 50 mg/dL (n=0,0,0,0) | Glucose, Serum Unspec. > 500 mg/dL (n=0,0,0,0) | Glucose, Plasma Fasting<50mg/dL(n=189,189,181,179) | Glucose,Plasma Fasting>500mg/dL(n=189,189,181,179) | Glucose, Plasma Unspec.<50mg/dL(n=192,191,181,179) | Glucose,Plasma Unspec.>500mg/dL(n=192,191,181,179) | Sodium,Serum Low (*) (n=190,190,181,179) | Sodium,Serum High (*) (n=190,190,181,179) | Potassium, Serum Low (*) (n=190,190,181,179) | Potassium, Serum High (n=190,190,181,179) | Chloride < 90 mEq/L (n=190, 190, 181, 179) | Chloride > 120 mEq/L (n=190, 190, 181, 179) | Albumin < 0.9 LLN (n=190, 190, 181, 179) | Creatine Kinase > 5 x ULN (n=190, 190, 181, 179) | Uric Acid > 1.5 x ULN (n=0, 0, 0, 0) | Protein Urine, >=2-4 (n=187, 189, 180, 178) | Blood Urine, >=2-4 (n=187, 189, 180, 178) | Red Blood Cells Urine >=2-4 (n=175,176,162,166) | White Blood Cells Urine >=2-4 (n=175,176,162,166) | |
| Placebo+ Metformin | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 12 | 13 | 20 | 28 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg + Metformin | 1 | 5 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 13 | 18 | 22 | 26 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg + Metformin | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 19 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 17 | 28 | 43 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 9 | 21 | 27 | 38 |
AE=any new untoward medical occurrence or worsening of a pre-existing medical condition which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with this treatment. SAE=any untoward medical occurrence that at any dose: results in death, is life-threatening, requires inpatient hospitalization or causes prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect, results in development of drug dependency or drug abuse, is an important medical event. Related events=relationship of certain, probable, possible, or missing. (NCT00121667)
Timeframe: AEs: up to last treatment day + 1 day or last visit day in the ST+LT period; SAEs: up to last treatment day + 30 days or last visit day + 30 days in the LT+ST period. Mean duration of exposure: 124, 118, 130, 95 wks respectively for 2.5mg, 5mg, 10 mg, pla
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At Least 1 AE | At Least 1 Related AE | Deaths | At Least 1 SAE | At Least 1 Related SAE | Discontinuations Due to SAEs | Discontinuations Due to AEs | |
| Placebo+ Metformin | 142 | 56 | 2 | 15 | 1 | 0 | 9 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg + Metformin | 161 | 65 | 1 | 22 | 1 | 6 | 13 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg + Metformin | 177 | 53 | 1 | 23 | 0 | 4 | 11 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 155 | 57 | 0 | 27 | 3 | 6 | 18 |
Percentage of participants achieving A1C < 7%, the American Diabetic Association's defined goal for glycemia, at each dose of saxagliptin plus TZD versus placebo plus TZD at Week 24. (NCT00295633)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg Plus Open-label TZD | 42.2 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg Plus Open-label TZD | 41.8 |
| Placebo Plus Open-label TZD | 25.6 |
Mean change from baseline in FPG at Week 24, adjusted for baseline value. (NCT00295633)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Mean | Week 24 Mean | Adjusted Mean Change from Baseline | |
| Placebo Plus Open-label TZD | 162.4 | 159.3 | -2.8 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg Plus Open-label TZD | 163.0 | 148.2 | -14.3 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg Plus Open-label TZD | 159.5 | 143.0 | -17.3 |
Mean change from baseline in A1C at Week 24, adjusted for baseline value. (NCT00295633)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | percent (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Mean | Week 24 Mean | Adjusted Mean Change from Baseline | |
| Placebo Plus Open-label TZD | 8.19 | 7.91 | -0.30 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg Plus Open-label TZD | 8.25 | 7.59 | -0.66 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg Plus Open-label TZD | 8.35 | 7.39 | -0.94 |
Mean change from baseline for 0 to 180 minutes PPG AUC achieved at each dose of saxagliptin plus TZD versus placebo plus TZD at Week 24, adjusted for baseline value. (NCT00295633)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | mg*min/dL (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Mean | Week 24 Mean | Adjusted Mean Change from Baseline | |
| Placebo Plus Open-label TZD | 47256 | 44819 | -2690 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg Plus Open-label TZD | 48301 | 40255 | -7849 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg Plus Open-label TZD | 47866 | 38587 | -9269 |
Percentage of participants achieving A1C < 7%, the American Diabetes Association's defined goal for glycemia, at each dose of saxagliptin plus glyburide versus placebo plus upward titrated glyburide at Week 24. (NCT00313313)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg + Glyburide 7.5 mg | 22.4 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Glyburide 7.5 mg | 22.8 |
| Placebo + Glyburide 7.5 mg | 9.1 |
Mean change from baseline in FPG at Week 24, adjusted for baseline value. (NCT00313313)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Mean | Week 24 Mean | Adjusted Mean Change from Baseline | |
| Placebo + Glyburide 7.5 mg | 174.4 | 174.6 | 0.7 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg + Glyburide 7.5 mg | 170.1 | 164.4 | -7.1 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Glyburide 7.5 mg | 175.0 | 164.6 | -9.7 |
Mean change from baseline in A1C at Week 24, adjusted for baseline value. (NCT00313313)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | percent (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Mean | Week 24 Mean | Adjusted Mean Change from Baseline | |
| Placebo + Glyburide 7.5 mg | 8.44 | 8.52 | 0.08 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg + Glyburide 7.5 mg | 8.36 | 7.83 | -0.54 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Glyburide 7.5 mg | 8.48 | 7.83 | -0.64 |
Mean change from baseline for 0 to 180 minutes PPG AUC at Week 24, adjusted for baseline values. (NCT00313313)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | mg*min/dL (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Mean | Week 24 Mean | Adjusted Mean Change from Baseline | |
| Placebo + Glyburide 7.5 mg | 51801 | 52416 | 1196 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg + Glyburide 7.5 mg | 49124 | 45402 | -4296 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Glyburide 7.5 mg | 50342 | 45391 | -5000 |
Hypoglycemic Events are based upon the Saxagliptin Predefined List of Events, which included hypoglycemia, blood glucose decreased, and hypoglycemic unconsciousness. (NCT00121641)
Timeframe: AEs: up to last treatment day + 1 day or last visit; SAEs: up to last treatment day + 30 days or last visit + 30 days. Mean duration of exposure was 109 weeks in 10 mg arm, 94.7 weeks in 2.5 mg arm, 103 weeks in 5 mg arm, and 98.4 weeks in placebo arm.
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg | 9 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg | 11 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg | 10 |
| Placebo | 9 |
Hypoglycemic Events are based upon the Saxagliptin Predefined List of Events, which included hypoglycemia, blood glucose decreased, and hypoglycemic unconsciousness. (NCT00121641)
Timeframe: AEs: up to last treatment day + 1 day or last visit; SAEs: up to last treatment day + 30 days or last visit + 30 days. Mean duration of exposure was 34 weeks.
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Open-Label Treatment Cohort (Direct Enrollees) | 2 |
This cohort represents a different population (screening A1C > 10.0% and ≤ 12.0%) than the double-blind cohort, and was presented separately in the study report. (NCT00121641)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | years (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Open-Label Treatment Cohort (Direct Enrollees) | 49.09 |
This cohort represents a different population (screening A1C > 10.0% and ≤ 12.0%) than the double-blind cohort, and was presented separately in the study report. (NCT00121641)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | kg/m^2 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Open-Label Treatment Cohort (Direct Enrollees) | 31.73 |
This cohort represents a different population (screening A1C > 10.0% and ≤ 12.0%) than the double-blind cohort, and was presented separately in the study report. (NCT00121641)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Open-Label Treatment Cohort (Direct Enrollees) | 91.41 |
'Confirmed' = recorded on the hypoglycemia AE case report form page with a fingerstick glucose <= 50 mg/dL and associated symptoms (NCT00121641)
Timeframe: AEs: up to last treatment day + 1 day or last visit; SAEs: up to last treatment day + 30 days or last visit + 30 days. Mean duration of exposure was 109 weeks in 10 mg arm, 94.7 weeks in 2.5 mg arm, 103 weeks in 5 mg arm, and 98.4 weeks in placebo arm.
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg | 1 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg | 1 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg | 0 |
| Placebo | 0 |
'Confirmed' = recorded on the hypoglycemia AE case report form page with a fingerstick glucose <= 50 mg/dL and associated symptoms (NCT00121641)
Timeframe: AEs: up to last treatment day + 1 day or last visit; SAEs: up to last treatment day + 30 days or last visit + 30 days. Mean duration of exposure was 34 weeks.
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Open-Label Treatment Cohort (Direct Enrollees) | 0 |
(NCT00121641)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg | 35.0 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg | 37.9 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg | 41.1 |
| Placebo | 23.9 |
(NCT00121641)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Open Label Cohort (Direct Enrollees) | 14.1 |
To compare the change from baseline in HbA1c achieved with each dose of saxagliptin versus placebo in treatment naive subjects with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycemic control defined as A1C ≥7.0% and ≤10.0%. (NCT00121641)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | Percentage of glycosylated hemoglobins (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline Mean | Mean Change from Baseline | |
| Open Label Cohort (Direct Enrollees) | 10.70 | -1.87 |
(NCT00121641)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Adjusted Change from Baseline | |
| Placebo | 171.85 | 6.06 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg | 176.51 | -16.75 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg | 177.72 | -14.53 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg | 171.31 | -8.67 |
(NCT00121641)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Change from Baseline | |
| Open-Label Cohort (Direct Enrollees) | 241.08 | -33.42 |
(NCT00121641)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | mg*min/dL (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Adjusted Change from Baseline | |
| Placebo | 46030 | -646.6 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg | 44614 | -8084 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg | 45030 | -6868 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg | 45691 | -6896 |
(NCT00121641)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | mg*min/dL (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Change from Baseline | |
| Open Label Cohort (Direct Enrollees) | 60687 | -11078 |
(NCT00121641)
Timeframe: Weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30, 37, 50, 63, 76, 89, 102, 115, 128, 141, 154, 167, 180, 193, 206
| Intervention | x 10^3 c/µL (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (BL) (Week 0) (n=102, 106, 98, 94) | Change from BL at Week 2 (n=95, 99, 92, 86) | Change from BL at Week 4 (n=91, 99, 90, 90) | Change from BL at Week 6 (n=89, 95, 87, 82) | Change from BL at Week 8 (n=91, 88, 90, 79) | Change from BL at Week 10 (n=68, 76, 69, 63) | Change from BL at Week 12 (n=83, 88, 87, 82) | Change from BL at Week 14 (n=76, 77, 80, 75) | Change from BL at Week 16 (n=90, 91, 83, 71) | Change from BL at Week 18 (n=78, 75, 82, 71) | Change from BL at Week 20 (n=83, 79, 78, 72) | Change from BL at Week 22 (n=77, 74, 75, 65) | Change from BL at Week 24 (n=83, 81, 78, 74) | Change from BL at Week 30 (n=76, 78, 79, 67) | Change from BL at Week 37 (n=74, 72, 70, 60) | Change from BL at Week 50 (n=67, 69, 71, 61) | Change from BL at Week 63 (n=60, 66, 67, 55) | Change from BL at Week 76 (n=51, 58, 63, 49) | Change from BL at Week 89 (n=48, 58, 56, 42) | Change from BL at Week 102 (n=39, 47, 50, 40) | Change from BL at Week 115 (n=34, 43, 42, 34) | Change from BL at Week 128 (n=30, 40, 40, 29) | Change from BL at Week 141 (n=28, 38, 34, 28) | Change from BL at Week 154 (n=26, 33, 31, 24) | Change from BL at Week 167 (n=24, 33, 30, 25) | Change from BL at Week 180 (n=21, 28, 28, 26) | Change from BL at Week 193 (n=19, 25, 26, 23) | Change from BL at Week 206 (n=17, 22, 23, 21) | |
| Placebo | 0.02 | 0.00 | -0.00 | -0.01 | -0.01 | -0.01 | -0.00 | -0.00 | -0.01 | -0.01 | -0.00 | -0.00 | -0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg | 0.02 | -0.01 | -0.01 | -0.01 | -0.01 | -0.01 | -0.00 | -0.01 | -0.01 | -0.00 | -0.01 | 0.00 | -0.01 | -0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | -0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg | 0.02 | -0.01 | -0.01 | -0.01 | -0.00 | -0.01 | -0.01 | 0.00 | -0.00 | 0.00 | -0.01 | -0.00 | -0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
(NCT00121641)
Timeframe: Weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30, 37, 50, 63, 76, 89, 102, 115, 128, 141, 154, 167, 180, 193, 206
| Intervention | x 10^3 c/µL (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (BL) (Week 0) (n=102, 106, 98, 94) | Change from BL at Week 2 (n=95, 99, 92, 86) | Change from BL at Week 4 (n=91, 99, 90, 90) | Change from BL at Week 6 (n=89, 95, 87, 82) | Change from BL at Week 8 (n=91, 88, 90, 79) | Change from BL at Week 10 (n=68, 76, 69, 63) | Change from BL at Week 12 (n=83, 88, 87, 82) | Change from BL at Week 14 (n=76, 77, 80, 75) | Change from BL at Week 16 (n=90, 91, 83, 71) | Change from BL at Week 18 (n=78, 75, 82, 71) | Change from BL at Week 20 (n=83, 79, 78, 72) | Change from BL at Week 22 (n=77, 74, 75, 65) | Change from BL at Week 24 (n=83, 81, 78, 74) | Change from BL at Week 30 (n=76, 78, 79, 67) | Change from BL at Week 37 (n=74, 72, 70, 60) | Change from BL at Week 50 (n=67, 69, 71, 61) | Change from BL at Week 63 (n=60, 66, 67, 55) | Change from BL at Week 76 (n=51, 58, 63, 49) | Change from BL at Week 89 (n=48, 58, 56, 42) | Change from BL at Week 102 (n=39, 47, 50, 40) | Change from BL at Week 115 (n=34, 43, 42, 34) | Change from BL at Week 128 (n=30, 40, 40, 29) | Change from BL at Week 141 (n=28, 38, 34, 28) | Change from BL at Week 154 (n=26, 33, 31, 24) | Change from BL at Week 167 (n=24, 33, 30, 25) | Change from BL at Week 180 (n=21, 28, 28, 26) | Change from BL at Week 193 (n=19, 25, 26, 23) | Change from BL at Week 206 (n=17, 22, 23, 21) | |
| Placebo | 0.20 | -0.02 | -0.02 | -0.02 | -0.01 | 0.01 | -0.02 | -0.01 | -0.00 | 0.00 | -0.03 | -0.02 | -0.04 | -0.03 | -0.02 | -0.01 | -0.02 | -0.03 | -0.02 | -0.01 | -0.00 | -0.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.06 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg | 0.20 | -0.02 | -0.01 | -0.02 | -0.02 | -0.02 | -0.01 | -0.01 | -0.03 | -0.03 | -0.04 | -0.04 | -0.03 | -0.02 | -0.04 | -0.02 | -0.00 | -0.02 | -0.02 | 0.02 | -0.01 | -0.03 | -0.00 | -0.01 | 0.01 | -0.00 | 0.00 | 0.03 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg | 0.18 | -0.01 | -0.02 | 0.01 | 0.00 | -0.01 | 0.00 | -0.01 | -0.02 | -0.02 | -0.02 | -0.00 | -0.02 | -0.03 | -0.03 | -0.03 | -0.00 | -0.03 | -0.03 | 0.02 | -0.00 | -0.02 | -0.01 | 0.00 | -0.02 | -0.02 | -0.01 | 0.00 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg | 0.20 | 0.01 | -0.01 | -0.01 | -0.01 | -0.02 | -0.02 | -0.01 | -0.02 | -0.02 | -0.03 | -0.03 | -0.03 | -0.03 | -0.01 | -0.01 | 0.00 | -0.04 | -0.02 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.02 | -0.00 | -0.00 | -0.02 | -0.01 | -0.01 | -0.00 |
(NCT00121641)
Timeframe: Weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30, 37, 50, 63, 76, 89, 102, 115, 128, 141, 154, 167, 180, 193, 206
| Intervention | x 10^3 c/µL (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (BL) (Week 0) (n=102, 106, 98, 94) | Change from BL at Week 2 (n=95, 99, 92, 86) | Change from BL at Week 4 (n=91, 99, 90, 90) | Change from BL at Week 6 (n=89, 95, 87, 82) | Change from BL at Week 8 (n=91, 88, 90, 79) | Change from BL at Week 10 (n=68, 76, 69, 63) | Change from BL at Week 12 (n=83, 88, 87, 82) | Change from BL at Week 14 (n=76, 77, 80, 75) | Change from BL at Week 16 (n=90, 91, 83, 71) | Change from BL at Week 18 (n=78, 75, 82, 71) | Change from BL at Week 20 (n=83, 79, 78, 72) | Change from BL at Week 22 (n=77, 74, 75, 65) | Change from BL at Week 24 (n=83, 81, 78, 74) | Change from BL at Week 30 (n=76, 78, 79, 67) | Change from BL at Week 37 (n=74, 72, 70, 60) | Change from BL at Week 50 (n=67, 69, 71, 61) | Change from BL at Week 63 (n=60, 66, 67, 55) | Change from BL at Week 76 (n=51, 58, 63, 49) | Change from BL at Week 89 (n=49, 58, 56, 42) | Change from BL at Week 102 (n=39, 48, 51, 40) | Change from BL at Week 115 (n=34, 43, 43, 35) | Change from BL at Week 128 (n=30, 40, 40, 30) | Change from BL at Week 141 (n=28, 38, 34, 28) | Change from BL at Week 154 (n=26, 33, 31, 24) | Change from BL at Week 167 (n=24, 33, 30, 25) | Change from BL at Week 180 (n=21, 28, 28, 26) | Change from BL at Week 193 (n=19, 25, 26, 23) | Change from BL at Week 206 (n=17, 22, 23, 21) | |
| Placebo | 2.22 | -0.13 | -0.04 | -0.09 | -0.00 | 0.05 | -0.02 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.08 | -0.11 | 0.09 | -0.01 | -0.03 | -0.08 | -0.03 | -0.16 | -0.20 | -0.23 | -0.16 | -0.10 | -0.06 | 0.00 | -0.14 | -0.16 | -0.05 | 0.01 | -0.08 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg | 2.14 | -0.11 | -0.18 | -0.23 | -0.20 | -0.10 | -0.16 | -0.01 | -0.11 | 0.01 | -0.10 | -0.07 | -0.13 | -0.09 | -0.17 | -0.25 | -0.19 | -0.18 | -0.19 | -0.23 | -0.21 | -0.16 | -0.10 | -0.23 | -0.11 | -0.06 | -0.04 | -0.05 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg | 2.16 | -0.04 | -0.03 | -0.04 | -0.07 | 0.07 | -0.06 | 0.20 | 0.03 | 0.11 | 0.08 | 0.16 | -0.00 | 0.08 | 0.05 | -0.06 | -0.06 | -0.10 | -0.12 | -0.17 | -0.15 | -0.12 | -0.13 | -0.23 | -0.23 | -0.15 | -0.06 | -0.17 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg | 2.21 | -0.10 | -0.12 | -0.09 | -0.11 | 0.02 | -0.12 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.13 | -0.02 | 0.13 | -0.07 | -0.00 | 0.02 | -0.09 | -0.10 | -0.09 | -0.02 | -0.07 | -0.00 | -0.00 | -0.03 | 0.04 | -0.13 | -0.22 | -0.09 | -0.14 |
(NCT00121641)
Timeframe: Weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30, 37, 50, 63, 76, 89, 102, 115, 128, 141, 154, 167, 180, 193, 206
| Intervention | x 10^3 c/µL (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (BL) (Week 0) (n=102, 106, 98, 94) | Change from BL at Week 2 (n=95, 99, 92, 86) | Change from BL at Week 4 (n=91, 99, 90, 90) | Change from BL at Week 6 (n=89, 95, 87, 82) | Change from BL at Week 8 (n=91, 88, 90, 79) | Change from BL at Week 10 (n=68, 76, 69, 63) | Change from BL at Week 12 (n=83, 88, 87, 82) | Change from BL at Week 14 (n=76, 77, 80, 75) | Change from BL at Week 16 (n=90, 91, 83, 71) | Change from BL at Week 18 (n=78, 75, 82, 71) | Change from BL at Week 20 (n=83, 79, 78, 72) | Change from BL at Week 22 (n=77, 74, 75, 65) | Change from BL at Week 24 (n=83, 81, 78, 74) | Change from BL at Week 30 (n=76, 78, 79, 67) | Change from BL at Week 37 (n=74, 72, 70, 60) | Change from BL at Week 50 (n=67, 69, 71, 61) | Change from BL at Week 63 (n=60, 66, 67, 55) | Change from BL at Week 76 (n=51, 58, 63, 49) | Change from BL at Week 89 (n=48, 58, 56, 42) | Change from BL at Week 102 (n=39, 47, 50, 40) | Change from BL at Week 115 (n=34, 43, 42, 34) | Change from BL at Week 128 (n=30, 40, 40, 29) | Change from BL at Week 141 (n=28, 38, 34, 28) | Change from BL at Week 154 (n=26, 33, 31, 24) | Change from BL at Week 167 (n=24, 33, 30, 25) | Change from BL at Week 180 (n=21, 28, 28, 26) | Change from BL at Week 193 (n=19, 25, 26, 23) | Change from BL at Week 206 (n=17, 22, 23, 21) | |
| Placebo | 0.32 | -0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | -0.02 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.13 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.09 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg | 0.32 | -0.05 | -0.01 | -0.01 | -0.01 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.13 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg | 0.31 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.05 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg | 0.34 | 0.01 | 0.00 | -0.01 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.05 |
(NCT00121641)
Timeframe: Weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30, 37, 50, 63, 76, 89, 102, 115, 128, 141, 154, 167, 180, 193, 206
| Intervention | x 10^3 c/µL (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (BL) (Week 0) (n=102, 106, 98, 94) | Change from BL at Week 2 (n=95, 99, 92, 86) | Change from BL at Week 4 (n=91, 99, 90, 90) | Change from BL at Week 6 (n=89, 95, 87, 82) | Change from BL at Week 8 (n=91, 88, 90, 79) | Change from BL at Week 10 (n=68, 76, 69, 63) | Change from BL at Week 12 (n=83, 88, 87, 82) | Change from BL at Week 14 (n=76, 77, 80, 75) | Change from BL at Week 16 (n=90, 91, 83, 71) | Change from BL at Week 18 (n=78, 75, 82, 71) | Change from BL at Week 20 (n=83, 79, 78, 72) | Change from BL at Week 22 (n=77, 74, 75, 65) | Change from BL at Week 24 (n=83, 81, 78, 74) | Change from BL at Week 30 (n=76, 78, 79, 67) | Change from BL at Week 37 (n=74, 72, 70, 60) | Change from BL at Week 50 (n=67, 69, 71, 61) | Change from BL at Week 63 (n=60, 66, 67, 55) | Change from BL at Week 76 (n=51, 58, 63, 49) | Change from BL at Week 89 (n=48, 58, 56, 42) | Change from BL at Week 102 (n=39, 47, 50, 40) | Change from BL at Week 115 (n=34, 43, 42, 34) | Change from BL at Week 128 (n=30, 40, 40, 29) | Change from BL at Week 141 (n=28, 38, 34, 28) | Change from BL at Week 154 (n=26, 33, 31, 24) | Change from BL at Week 167 (n=24, 33, 30, 25) | Change from BL at Week 180 (n=21, 28, 28, 26) | Change from BL at Week 193 (n=19, 25, 26, 23) | Change from BL at Week 206 (n=17, 22, 23, 21) | |
| Placebo | 4.01 | -0.07 | 0.23 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.45 | 0.30 | 0.46 | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.32 | -0.03 | 0.00 | 0.20 | 0.27 | 0.16 | -0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.42 | 0.22 | 0.40 | 0.41 | 0.33 | 0.51 | -0.01 | 0.31 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg | 4.16 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.32 | 0.07 | 0.44 | 0.16 | 0.32 | 0.24 | 0.19 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.24 | 0.29 | 0.56 | 0.45 | 0.47 | 0.27 | 0.55 | 0.51 | 0.90 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg | 4.00 | -0.06 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.18 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.17 | 0.23 | 0.19 | 0.44 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.58 | 0.19 | 0.28 | 0.61 | 0.41 | 0.25 | -0.04 | 0.23 | 0.34 | 0.15 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg | 3.98 | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.27 | 0.48 | 0.21 | 0.64 | 0.49 | 0.67 | 0.32 | 0.58 | 0.57 | 0.29 | 0.42 | 0.40 | 0.25 | 0.33 | 0.18 | 0.43 | 0.81 | 0.59 | 0.80 | 0.39 | 0.56 | 0.50 | 0.08 | 0.63 |
(NCT00121641)
Timeframe: Weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30, 37, 50, 63, 76, 89, 102, 115, 128, 141, 154, 167, 180, 193, 206
| Intervention | percentage red blood cells (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (BL) (Week 0) (n=102, 106, 98, 94) | Change from BL at Week 2 (n=95,100, 93, 87) | Change from BL at Week 4 (n=92, 99, 91, 91) | Change from BL at Week 6 (n=91, 96, 87, 82) | Change from BL at Week 8 (n=92, 90, 91, 79) | Change from BL at Week 10 (n=70, 76, 69, 63) | Change from BL at Week 12 (n=85, 88, 87, 82) | Change from BL at Week 14 (n=76, 80, 81, 75) | Change from BL at Week 16 (n=90. 91, 83, 71) | Change from BL at Week 18 (n=78, 75, 82, 71) | Change from BL at Week 20 (n=83, 80, 78, 72) | Change from BL at Week 22 (n=78, 74, 76, 65) | Change from BL at Week 24 (n=83, 82, 78, 74) | Change from BL at Week 30 (n=77, 78, 79, 67) | Change from BL at Week 37 (n=75, 73, 70, 62) | Change from BL at Week 50 (n=67, 71, 71, 61) | Change from BL at Week 63 (n=61, 66, 67, 55) | Change from BL at Week 76 (n=51, 59, 63, 49) | Change from BL at Week 89 (n=49, 58, 56, 42) | Change from BL at Week 102 (n=40, 49, 51, 40) | Change from BL at Week 115 (n=34, 43, 43, 35) | Change from BL at Week 128 (n=30, 40, 40, 30) | Change from BL at Week 141 (n=28, 39, 34, 28) | Change from BL at Week 154 (n=26, 34, 31, 24) | Change from BL at Week 167 (n=24, 33, 30, 26) | Change from BL at Week 180 (n=21, 28, 28, 26) | Change from BL at Week 193 (n=19, 26, 26, 23) | Change from BL at Week 206 (n=17, 22, 24, 21) | |
| Placebo | 42.8 | -0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | -0.4 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.4 | -0.7 | 0.2 | -0.1 | -0.2 | -0.3 | -0.4 | -0.5 | -0.0 | -0.5 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg | 42.7 | -0.7 | -0.1 | 0.0 | 0.2 | -0.2 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.1 | -0.3 | -0.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 1.2 | -0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.2 | -1.0 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg | 42.5 | -0.4 | -0.2 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.9 | -0.2 | -0.0 | 0.2 | -0.1 | -0.8 | -0.1 | 1.1 | 0.6 | -0.4 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg | 42.8 | -0.2 | -0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.0 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | -0.1 | -0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.3 | -0.1 | -0.8 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 0.2 |
(NCT00121641)
Timeframe: Weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30, 37, 50, 63, 76, 89, 102, 115, 128, 141, 154, 167, 180, 193, 206
| Intervention | g/dL (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (BL) (Week 0) (n=102, 106, 98, 94) | Change from BL at Week 2 (n=95,100, 93, 87) | Change from BL at Week 4 (n=92, 99, 91, 91) | Change from BL at Week 6 (n=91, 96, 87, 82) | Change from BL at Week 8 (n=92, 90, 91, 79) | Change from BL at Week 10 (n=70, 76, 69, 63) | Change from BL at Week 12 (n=85, 88, 87, 82) | Change from BL at Week 14 (n=76, 80, 81, 75) | Change from BL at Week 16 (n=90, 91, 83, 71) | Change from BL at Week 18 (n=78, 75, 82, 71) | Change from BL at Week 20 (n=83, 80, 78, 72) | Change from BL at Week 22 (n=78, 74, 76, 65) | Change from BL at Week 24 (n=83, 82, 78, 74) | Change from BL at Week 30 (n=77, 78, 79, 67) | Change from BL at Week 37 (n=75, 73, 70, 62) | Change from BL at Week 50 (n=67, 71, 71, 61) | Change from BL at Week 63 (n=61, 66, 67, 55) | Change from BL at Week 76 (n=51, 59, 63, 49) | Change from BL at Week 89 (n=49, 58, 56, 42) | Change from BL at Week 102 (n=40, 49, 51, 40) | Change from BL at Week 115 (n=34, 43, 43, 35) | Change from BL at Week 128 (n=30, 40, 40, 30) | Change from BL at Week 141 (n=28, 39, 34, 28) | Change from BL at Week 154 (n=26, 34, 31, 24) | Change from BL at Week 167 (n=24, 33, 30, 26) | Change from BL at Week 180 (n=21, 28, 28, 26) | Change from BL at Week 193 (n=19, 26, 26, 23) | Change from BL at Week 206 (n=17, 22, 24, 21) | |
| Placebo | 14.50 | -0.09 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.16 | -0.03 | 0.04 | -0.03 | -0.19 | -0.18 | -0.14 | -0.18 | -0.33 | -0.01 | 0.08 | -0.10 | -0.10 | -0.29 | -0.19 | -0.33 | -0.36 | -0.25 | -0.24 | -0.61 | -0.39 | -0.32 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg | 14.47 | -0.22 | -0.09 | -0.07 | -0.02 | -0.13 | -0.07 | -0.12 | 0.00 | -0.07 | -0.25 | -0.36 | -0.32 | -0.19 | -0.06 | -0.02 | 0.07 | -0.07 | -0.04 | -0.07 | -0.18 | -0.25 | -0.15 | -0.24 | -0.03 | -0.08 | -0.16 | 0.10 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg | 14.49 | -0.21 | -0.16 | -0.12 | -0.00 | 0.01 | -0.04 | -0.09 | -0.10 | -0.26 | -0.16 | -0.35 | -0.37 | -0.25 | -0.31 | -0.17 | -0.18 | -0.27 | -0.18 | -0.32 | -0.41 | -0.38 | -0.40 | -0.45 | -0.51 | -0.38 | -0.45 | -0.51 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg | 14.45 | -0.13 | -0.15 | -0.00 | 0.04 | -0.20 | -0.07 | -0.05 | 0.01 | -0.10 | -0.14 | -0.23 | -0.25 | -0.29 | -0.22 | 0.06 | -0.11 | -0.19 | -0.09 | -0.00 | -0.07 | -0.17 | -0.35 | -0.37 | -0.05 | -0.08 | -0.03 | -0.07 |
(NCT00121641)
Timeframe: Weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30, 37, 50, 63, 76, 89, 102, 115, 128, 141, 154, 167, 180, 193, 206
| Intervention | x 10^9 c/L (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (BL) (Week 0) (n=101, 106, 96, 94) | Change from BL at Week 2 (n=92, 96, 85, 82) | Change from BL at Week 4 (n=88, 97, 90, 90) | Change from BL at Week 6 (n=88, 93, 84, 81) | Change from BL at Week 8 (n=86, 85, 86, 77) | Change from BL at Week 10 (n=68, 75, 67, 62) | Change from BL at Week 12 (n=83, 84, 85, 82) | Change from BL at Week 14 (n=72, 79, 77, 74) | Change from BL at Week 16 (n=86, 88, 81, 69) | Change from BL at Week 18 (n=77, 71, 79, 70) | Change from BL at Week 20 (n=78, 78, 72, 70) | Change from BL at Week 22 (n=74, 72, 73, 62) | Change from BL at Week 24 (n=80, 76, 73, 72) | Change from BL at Week 30 (n=73, 74, 74, 67) | Change from BL at Week 37 (n=70, 68, 66, 59) | Change from BL at Week 50 (n=66, 67, 66, 59) | Change from BL at Week 63 (n=59, 64, 65, 54) | Change from BL at Week 76 (n=50, 58, 61, 49) | Change from BL at Week 89 (n=47, 56, 54, 42) | Change from BL at Week 102 (n=39, 47, 49, 39) | Change from BL at Week 115 (n=33, 41, 41, 34) | Change from BL at Week 128 (n=30, 38, 39, 30) | Change from BL at Week 141 (n=27, 39, 33, 27) | Change from BL at Week 154 (n=25, 35, 31, 23) | Change from BL at Week 167 (n=22, 32, 28, 26) | Change from BL at Week 180 (n=20, 27, 27, 25) | Change from BL at Week 193 (n=17, 25, 25, 22) | Change from BL at Week 206 (n=15, 21, 23, 21) | |
| Placebo | 259.8 | 9.5 | 11.3 | 9.5 | 4.0 | 7.1 | 4.0 | 5.2 | 3.2 | 5.8 | -1.3 | 5.0 | -3.0 | 4.5 | 0.1 | 6.6 | 10.2 | 1.2 | 2.7 | 9.7 | 9.2 | 2.6 | -1.3 | 8.8 | 4.3 | 4.0 | -12.0 | -6.1 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg | 261.6 | 2.2 | 5.6 | -0.2 | -4.3 | -4.4 | -4.8 | -3.7 | -6.0 | -2.7 | -8.3 | -5.4 | -15.5 | -9.9 | -15.6 | -11.5 | -6.3 | -6.0 | -6.7 | -4.8 | -12.0 | -2.6 | -0.3 | -2.9 | -14.6 | -17.3 | -13.4 | 6.2 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg | 251.1 | 1.8 | 11.2 | 4.3 | 0.4 | -0.8 | -6.3 | 1.2 | -2.3 | -1.1 | -1.9 | 0.3 | -7.1 | -2.0 | -14.3 | -2.5 | -3.1 | -2.0 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 5.0 | 3.8 | -1.1 | 5.0 | -18.0 | -11.1 | -13.6 | -2.6 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg | 253.1 | 4.4 | 8.6 | 4.3 | 1.0 | 3.0 | -1.3 | 3.2 | 1.1 | 2.0 | -4.8 | -2.5 | -6.0 | -3.3 | -8.1 | -5.6 | -3.4 | -1.5 | 1.9 | -2.3 | -8.8 | -2.1 | -4.6 | 5.8 | -0.1 | -24.0 | -13.4 | -18.7 |
(NCT00121641)
Timeframe: Weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30, 37, 50, 63, 76, 89, 102, 115, 128, 141, 154, 167, 180, 193, 206
| Intervention | x 10^6 c/µL (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (BL) (Week 0) (n=102, 106, 98, 94) | Change from BL at Week 2 (n=95,100, 93, 87 | Change from BL at Week 4 (n=92, 99, 91, 91) | Change from BL at Week 6 (n=91, 96, 87, 82) | Change from BL at Week 8 (n=92, 90, 91, 79) | Change from BL at Week 10 (n=70, 76, 69, 63) | Change from BL at Week 12 (n=85, 88, 87, 82) | Change from BL at Week 14 (n=76, 80, 81, 75) | Change from BL at Week 16 (n=90, 91, 83, 71) | Change from BL at Week 18 (n=78, 75, 82, 71) | Change from BL at Week 20 (n=83, 80, 78, 72) | Change from BL at Week 22 (n=78, 74, 76, 65) | Change from BL at Week 24 (n=83, 82, 78, 74) | Change from BL at Week 30 (n=77, 78, 79, 67) | Change from BL at Week 37 (n=75, 73, 70, 62) | Change from BL at Week 50 (n=67, 71, 71, 61) | Change from BL at Week 63 (n=61, 66, 67, 55) | Change from BL at Week 76 (n=51, 59, 63, 49) | Change from BL at Week 89 (n=49, 58, 56, 42) | Change from BL at Week 102 (n=40, 49, 51, 40) | Change from BL at Week 115 (n=34, 43, 43, 35) | Change from BL at Week 128 (n=30, 40, 40, 30) | Change from BL at Week 141 (n=28, 39, 34, 28) | Change from BL at Week 154 (n=26, 35, 31, 24) | Change from BL at Week 167 (n=24, 33, 30, 26) | Change from BL at Week 180 (n=21, 28, 28, 26) | Change from BL at Week 193 (n=19, 26, 26, 23) | Change from BL at Week 206 (n=17, 22, 24, 21) | |
| Placebo | 4.82 | -0.05 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.04 | -0.01 | -0.01 | -0.01 | -0.03 | -0.09 | 0.01 | 0.05 | -0.03 | -0.07 | -0.13 | -0.06 | -0.10 | -0.11 | -0.09 | -0.10 | -0.17 | -0.10 | -0.08 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg | 4.82 | -0.08 | -0.02 | 0.00 | 0.03 | -0.02 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.01 | -0.05 | -0.03 | -0.01 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.00 | -0.01 | -0.03 | -0.02 | -0.04 | -0.02 | -0.08 | -0.01 | -0.01 | -0.02 | 0.06 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg | 4.80 | -0.06 | -0.01 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.03 | -0.01 | -0.04 | 0.00 | -0.04 | -0.02 | 0.00 | -0.07 | -0.04 | -0.10 | -0.04 | -0.05 | -0.10 | -0.13 | -0.11 | -0.05 | -0.05 | -0.03 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg | 4.80 | -0.04 | -0.04 | 0.02 | 0.03 | -0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.02 | -0.01 | -0.04 | -0.07 | -0.04 | 0.04 | -0.01 | -0.07 | -0.06 | -0.03 | -0.01 | -0.07 | -0.13 | -0.13 | -0.04 | -0.08 | -0.06 | -0.06 |
(NCT00121641)
Timeframe: Weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30, 37, 50, 63, 76, 89, 102, 115, 128, 141, 154, 167, 180, 193, 206
| Intervention | x 10^3 c/µL (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (BL) (Week 0) (n=102, 106, 98, 94) | Change from BL at Week 2 (n=95, 99, 92, 86) | Change from BL at Week 4 (n=92, 99, 90, 90) | Change from BL at Week 6 (n=89, 95, 87, 82) | Change from BL at Week 8 (n=91, 89, 90, 79) | Change from BL at Week 10 (n=68, 76, 69, 63) | Change from BL at Week 12 (n=83, 88, 87, 82) | Change from BL at Week 14 (n=76, 78, 80, 75) | Change from BL at Week 16 (n=90, 91, 83, 71) | Change from BL at Week 18 (n=78, 75, 82, 71) | Change from BL at Week 20 (n=83, 79, 78, 72) | Change from BL at Week 22 (n=77, 74, 76, 65) | Change from BL at Week 24 (n=83, 82, 78, 74) | Change from BL at Week 30 (n=77, 78, 79, 67) | Change from BL at Week 37 (n=74, 73, 70, 62) | Change from BL at Week 50 (n=67, 69, 71, 61) | Change from BL at Week 63 (n=60, 66, 67, 55) | Change from BL at Week 76 (n=51, 58, 63, 49) | Change from BL at Week 89 (n=48, 58, 56, 42) | Change from BL at Week 102 (n=39, 47, 51, 40) | Change from BL at Week 115 (n=34, 43, 42, 34) | Change from BL at Week 128 (n=30, 40, 40, 29) | Change from BL at Week 141 (n=28, 39, 34, 28) | Change from BL at Week 154 (n=26, 34, 31, 24) | Change from BL at Week 167 (n=24, 33, 30, 25) | Change from BL at Week 180 (n=21, 28, 28, 26) | Change from BL at Week 193 (n=19, 26, 26, 23) | Change from BL at Week 206 (n=17, 22, 23, 21) | |
| Placebo | 6.79 | -0.23 | 0.17 | 0.09 | 0.16 | 0.53 | 0.26 | 0.56 | 0.19 | 0.32 | 0.02 | 0.45 | -0.06 | -0.03 | 0.14 | 0.29 | 0.06 | -0.20 | -0.18 | -0.09 | 0.44 | 0.22 | 0.51 | 0.38 | 0.35 | 0.65 | 0.19 | 0.38 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg | 6.82 | -0.14 | -0.16 | -0.18 | -0.17 | 0.12 | 0.05 | 0.22 | 0.04 | 0.42 | 0.01 | 0.44 | 0.08 | 0.28 | 0.12 | -0.03 | -0.04 | -0.07 | -0.10 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.44 | 0.44 | 0.30 | 0.27 | 0.59 | 0.60 | 1.01 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg | 6.71 | -0.11 | 0.06 | 0.01 | -0.02 | 0.32 | -0.00 | 0.33 | 0.24 | 0.37 | 0.29 | 0.66 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.21 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.03 | 0.51 | 0.16 | 0.24 | 0.58 | 0.35 | 0.12 | -0.22 | 0.13 | 0.34 | 0.01 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg | 6.75 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.18 | 0.55 | 0.09 | 0.71 | 0.54 | 0.82 | 0.29 | 0.72 | 0.47 | 0.33 | 0.42 | 0.33 | 0.20 | 0.23 | 0.17 | 0.44 | 0.93 | 0.66 | 0.78 | 0.44 | 0.44 | 0.30 | 0.02 | 0.55 |
This cohort represents a different population (screening A1C > 10.0% and ≤ 12.0%) than the double-blind cohort, and was presented separately in the study report. (NCT00121641)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age <65 years | Age >=65 years | Age >=75 years | Gender, Male | Gender, Female | Age =<50 years, females only | Age >50 years, females only | Race, White | Race, Black/African American | Race, Asian | Race, Other | Ethnicity, Hispanic/Latino | Ethnicity, Not Hispanic/Latino | Ethnicity, Not Reported | Body Mass Index <30% | Body Mass Index >=30% | |
| Open-Label Treatment Cohort (Direct Enrollees) | 64 | 2 | 0 | 32 | 34 | 19 | 15 | 61 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 13 | 37 | 16 | 22 | 44 |
(NCT00121641)
Timeframe: Baseline, Weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30, 37, 50, 63, 76, 89, 102, 115, 128, 141, 154, 167, 180, 193, 206
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change from BL at Week 2 (n=96, 100, 94, 89) | Change from BL at Week 4 (n=96, 100, 92, 91) | Change from BL at Week 6 (n=91, 98, 88, 84) | Change from BL at Week 8 (n=94, 91, 91, 80) | Change from BL at Week 10 (n=51, 66, 51, 50) | Change from BL at Week 12 (n=82, 83, 87, 79) | Change from BL at Week 14 (n=65, 72, 66, 62) | Change from BL at Week 16 (n=87, 87, 81, 72) | Change from BL at Week 18 (n=73, 69, 76, 66) | Change from BL at Week 20 (n=84, 80, 76, 73) | Change from BL at Week 22 (n=78, 73, 76, 64) | Change from BL at Week 24 (n=84, 83, 77, 75) | Change from BL at Week 30 (n=79, 78, 79, 66) | Change from BL at Week 37 (n=77, 74, 71, 66) | Change from BL at Week 50 (n=70, 73, 73, 62) | Change from BL at Week 63 (n=61, 66, 69, 56) | Change from BL at Week 76 (n=53, 59, 64, 50) | Change from BL at Week 89 (n=49, 58, 56, 44) | Change from BL at Week 102 (n=42, 51, 51, 42) | Change from BL at Week 115 (n=34, 43, 43, 37) | Change from BL at Week 128 (n=31, 40, 41, 31) | Change from BL at Week 141 (n=29, 40, 35, 29) | Change from BL at Week 154 (n=27, 36, 33, 27) | Change from BL at Week 167 (n=24, 33, 30, 27) | Change from BL at Week 180 (n=21, 28, 28, 27) | Change from BL at Week 193 (n=19, 26, 27, 24) | Change from BL at Week 206 (n=17, 24, 24, 23) | |
| Placebo | -1.5 | -1.8 | -1.9 | -2.4 | -3.4 | -1.8 | -2.7 | -2.1 | -2.1 | -2.2 | -1.7 | -3.4 | -2.8 | -2.0 | -0.6 | -0.5 | -0.3 | -0.1 | -1.2 | -1.0 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.3 | -1.1 | -0.8 | -0.2 | -0.2 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg | -0.5 | 0.3 | -0.8 | -0.7 | -1.3 | -0.7 | -2.4 | -0.1 | -1.9 | -1.9 | -2.5 | -2.3 | -0.3 | -0.6 | -0.3 | -0.0 | 0.1 | -1.6 | -0.4 | -1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.9 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg | -0.0 | -1.4 | -1.5 | -1.4 | -0.8 | -1.3 | -2.5 | -1.5 | -2.3 | -2.2 | -3.0 | -1.5 | -1.4 | -0.4 | -1.7 | -0.1 | -1.6 | 0.4 | -1.1 | -0.9 | -1.8 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg | -1.2 | -1.1 | -0.9 | -0.9 | -1.1 | -2.0 | -2.4 | -0.5 | -1.6 | -1.8 | -2.0 | -1.7 | -2.2 | -1.7 | 0.3 | -0.4 | -2.0 | -2.1 | -2.0 | -2.7 | -3.7 | -2.0 | -0.8 | 0.3 | -2.0 | -1.6 | -0.6 |
(NCT00121641)
Timeframe: Baseline, Weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30, 37, 50, 63, 76, 89, 102, 115, 128, 141, 154, 167
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change from BL at Week 2 (n=62) | Change from BL at Week 4 (n=59) | Change from BL at Week 6 (n=60) | Change from BL at Week 8 (n=49) | Change from BL at Week 10 (n=24) | Change from BL at Week 12 (n=47) | Change from BL at Week 14 (n=35) | Change from BL at Week 16 (n=46) | Change from BL at Week 18 (n=42) | Change from BL at Week 20 (n=45) | Change from BL at Week 22 (n=44) | Change from BL at Week 24 (n=44) | Change from BL at Week 30 (n=40) | Change from BL at Week 37 (n=35) | Change from BL at Week 50 (n=36) | Change from BL at Week 63 (n=26) | Change from BL at Week 76 (n=24) | Change from BL at Week 89 (n=23) | Change from BL at Week 102 (n=15) | Change from BL at Week 115 (n=13) | Change from BL at Week 128 (n=11) | Change from BL at Week 141 (n=10) | Change from BL at Week 154 (n=10) | Change from BL at Week 167 (n=10) | |
| Open-Label Treatment Cohort (Direct Enrollees) | -3.7 | -1.7 | -2.8 | -2.0 | -1.0 | -3.7 | -4.5 | -2.8 | -3.3 | -2.1 | -2.8 | -3.4 | -3.8 | -2.0 | -1.3 | -0.9 | -1.0 | -2.6 | 1.0 | -4.1 | -3.7 | -6.0 | -0.5 | -2.5 |
(NCT00121641)
Timeframe: Baseline, Weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30, 37, 50, 63, 76, 89, 102, 115, 128, 141, 154, 167, 180, 193, 206
| Intervention | beats per minute (Mean) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change from BL at Week 2 (n=96, 100, 94, 89) | Change from BL at Week 4 (n=96, 100, 92, 91) | Change from BL at Week 6 (n=91, 98, 88, 84) | Change from BL at Week 8 (n=94, 91, 91, 80) | Change from BL at Week 10 (n=51, 66, 51, 49) | Change from BL at Week 12 (n=82, 83, 87, 79) | Change from BL at Week 14 (n=65, 72, 65, 62) | Change from BL at Week 16 (n=87, 87, 81, 72) | Change from BL at Week 18 (n=73, 69, 76, 66) | Change from BL at Week 20 (n=84, 80, 76, 73) | Change from BL at Week 22 (n=78, 73, 76, 64) | Change from BL at Week 24 (n=84, 83, 77, 75) | Change from BL at Week 30 (n=79, 78, 79, 66) | Change from BL at Week 37 (n=77, 74, 71, 66) | Change from BL at Week 50 (n=70, 73, 73, 62) | Change from BL at Week 63 (n=62, 66, 69, 56) | Change from BL at Week 76 (n=53, 59, 64, 50) | Change from BL at Week 89 (n=49, 58, 56, 44) | Change from BL at Week 102 (n=42, 51, 51, 42) | Change from BL at Week 115 (n=34, 43, 43, 37) | Change from BL at Week 128 (n=31, 40, 41, 31) | Change from BL at Week 141 (n=29, 40, 35, 29) | Change from BL at Week 154 (n=27, 36, 33, 27) | Change from BL at Week 167 (n=24, 33, 30, 27) | Change from BL at Week 180 (n=21, 28, 28, 27) | Change from BL at Week 193 (n=19, 26, 27, 24) | Change from BL at Week 206 (n=17, 24, 24, 23) | |
| Placebo | 0.3 | -0.1 | 1.4 | -0.2 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 1.9 | -0.1 | 2.6 | 0.8 | 1.5 | -0.4 | -1.2 | -0.9 | -0.2 | 0.6 | 0.2 | -0.3 | -0.0 | 0.8 | 1.7 | 0.9 | -0.6 | 0.5 | -1.2 | 1.1 | -0.8 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg | 0.2 | 0.7 | -0.6 | 0.2 | -1.0 | 0.5 | 0.6 | -0.1 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 0.9 | -0.7 | -0.7 | 0.5 | -0.2 | 0.9 | 0.4 | -0.9 | -0.1 | 1.0 | -0.7 | -0.6 | -1.3 | -2.1 | -2.0 | -2.4 | 0.0 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg | -0.1 | 0.2 | -1.5 | -0.5 | -0.2 | 0.3 | 0.1 | -0.8 | -0.0 | 1.3 | 0.1 | -0.3 | -0.1 | -0.4 | -0.1 | -0.4 | -0.3 | -0.5 | -2.8 | -3.2 | -2.1 | -2.8 | -2.0 | -5.1 | -3.1 | -4.6 | -5.3 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg | -0.5 | -1.1 | -0.6 | -0.9 | -1.5 | -1.2 | -0.5 | -1.5 | -0.8 | -1.5 | -0.3 | 0.1 | -1.2 | -1.4 | -0.7 | -2.5 | -3.3 | -1.5 | -1.5 | -2.3 | -4.5 | -3.5 | -2.6 | -0.8 | -5.3 | -4.2 | -2.6 |
(NCT00121641)
Timeframe: Baseline, Weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30, 37, 50, 63, 76, 89, 102, 115, 128, 141, 154, 167
| Intervention | beats per minute (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change from BL at Week 2 (n=62) | Change from BL at Week 4 (n=59) | Change from BL at Week 6 (n=60) | Change from BL at Week 8 (n=49) | Change from BL at Week 10 (n=23) | Change from BL at Week 12 (n=47) | Change from BL at Week 14 (n=34) | Change from BL at Week 16 (n=46) | Change from BL at Week 18 (n=42) | Change from BL at Week 20 (n=45) | Change from BL at Week 22 (n=43) | Change from BL at Week 24 (n=44) | Change from BL at Week 30 (n=40) | Change from BL at Week 37 (n=35) | Change from BL at Week 50 (n=36) | Change from BL at Week 63 (n=26) | Change from BL at Week 76 (n=24) | Change from BL at Week 89 (n=23) | Change from BL at Week 102 (n=15) | Change from BL at Week 115 (n=13) | Change from BL at Week 128 (n=11) | Change from BL at Week 141 (n=10) | Change from BL at Week 154 (n=10) | Change from BL at Week 167 (n=10) | |
| Open-Label Treatment Cohort (Direct Enrollees) | -0.8 | -0.4 | -0.3 | -0.7 | -1.8 | -3.0 | -2.0 | -0.7 | -2.0 | 1.6 | -0.4 | -0.4 | 0.6 | -1.6 | -2.9 | -3.0 | -0.4 | -1.3 | -0.3 | 1.7 | -1.6 | -3.4 | -1.5 | -1.9 |
(NCT00121641)
Timeframe: Baseline, Weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30, 37, 50, 63, 76, 89, 102, 115, 128, 141, 154, 167, 180, 193, 206
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change from BL at Week 2 (n=96, 100, 94, 89) | Change from BL at Week 4 (n=96, 100, 92, 91) | Change from BL at Week 6 (n=91, 98, 88, 84) | Change from BL at Week 8 (n=94, 91, 91, 80) | Change from BL at Week 10 (n=51, 66, 51, 50) | Change from BL at Week 12 (n=82, 83, 87, 79) | Change from BL at Week 14 (n=65, 72, 66, 62) | Change from BL at Week 16 (n=87, 87, 81, 72) | Change from BL at Week 18 (n=73, 69, 76, 66) | Change from BL at Week 20 (n=84, 80, 76, 73) | Change from BL at Week 22 (n=78, 73, 76, 64) | Change from BL at Week 24 (n=84, 83, 77, 75) | Change from BL at Week 30 (n=79, 78, 79, 66) | Change from BL at Week 37 (n=77, 74, 71, 66) | Change from BL at Week 50 (n=70, 73, 73, 62) | Change from BL at Week 63 (n=62, 66, 69, 56) | Change from BL at Week 76 (n=53, 59, 64, 50) | Change from BL at Week 89 (n=49, 58, 56, 44) | Change from BL at Week 102 (n=42, 47, 50, 40) | Change from BL at Week 115 (n=34, 43, 43, 37) | Change from BL at Week 128 (n=31, 40, 41, 31) | Change from BL at Week 141 (n=29, 40, 35, 29) | Change from BL at Week 154 (n=27, 36, 33, 27) | Change from BL at Week 167 (n=24, 33, 30, 27) | Change from BL at Week 180 (n=21, 28, 28, 27) | Change from BL at Week 193 (n=19, 26, 27, 24) | Change from BL at Week 206 (n=17, 24, 24, 23) | |
| Placebo | -3.1 | -4.3 | -4.5 | -5.5 | -6.1 | -3.2 | -1.9 | -2.1 | -4.7 | -4.9 | -3.9 | -6.3 | -5.4 | -3.6 | -0.4 | -2.4 | -0.9 | -2.2 | -1.0 | 0.9 | 1.1 | -1.4 | 2.3 | -0.6 | -0.8 | -2.6 | 0.7 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg | -2.3 | -2.3 | -3.5 | -4.0 | -5.0 | -2.8 | -6.0 | -3.8 | -4.3 | -3.3 | -5.9 | -6.2 | -3.9 | -5.2 | -3.3 | -1.1 | -3.1 | -5.4 | -2.9 | -1.6 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 2.3 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg | -1.0 | -1.9 | -1.5 | -3.0 | -3.6 | -3.3 | -4.9 | -3.2 | -5.1 | -5.0 | -6.1 | -2.8 | -3.6 | -3.0 | -2.5 | -1.2 | -2.9 | -2.8 | -0.6 | -2.6 | -5.1 | -1.8 | -0.8 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 3.4 | 4.8 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg | -2.0 | -1.2 | -2.1 | -1.8 | -2.9 | -2.9 | -2.0 | -2.1 | -0.9 | -3.2 | -4.5 | -4.1 | -3.8 | -3.5 | 0.1 | -0.3 | -2.6 | -3.4 | -1.1 | -2.6 | -5.5 | -5.2 | -0.5 | -1.8 | -5.4 | -7.5 | -2.8 |
(NCT00121641)
Timeframe: Baseline, Weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30, 37, 50, 63, 76, 89, 102, 115, 128, 141, 154, 167
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change from BL at Week 2 (n=62) | Change from BL at Week 4 (n=59) | Change from BL at Week 6 (n=60) | Change from BL at Week 8 (n=49) | Change from BL at Week 10 (n=24) | Change from BL at Week 12 (n=47) | Change from BL at Week 14 (n=35) | Change from BL at Week 16 (n=46) | Change from BL at Week 18 (n=42) | Change from BL at Week 20 (n=45) | Change from BL at Week 22 (n=44) | Change from BL at Week 24 (n=44) | Change from BL at Week 30 (n=40) | Change from BL at Week 37 (n=35) | Change from BL at Week 50 (n=36) | Change from BL at Week 63 (n=26) | Change from BL at Week 76 (n=24) | Change from BL at Week 89 (n=23) | Change from BL at Week 102 (n=15) | Change from BL at Week 115 (n=13) | Change from BL at Week 128 (n=11) | Change from BL at Week 141 (n=10) | Change from BL at Week 154 (n=10) | Change from BL at Week 167 (n=10) | |
| Open-Label Treatment Cohort (Direct Enrollees) | -4.4 | -3.8 | -2.7 | -5.1 | -4.2 | -4.9 | -5.1 | -1.9 | -5.8 | -3.6 | -4.0 | -4.3 | -4.8 | -4.7 | -1.6 | -0.7 | -1.9 | -4.0 | 0.9 | -6.6 | -5.6 | -7.2 | 5.7 | -2.2 |
The normality/abnormality of the ECG tracing was determined by the investigator. (NCT00121641)
Timeframe: Baseline, Weeks 12, 24, 76, 102, 154, 206
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal BL, Normal Week 12 (BL n=65, 66, 67, 47) | Normal BL, Abnormal Week 12 (BL n=65, 66, 67, 47) | Abnormal BL, Normal Week 12 (BL n=27, 32, 26, 43) | Abnormal BL, Abnormal Week 12(BL n=27, 32, 26, 43) | Normal BL, Normal Week 24 (BL n=53, 52, 47, 33) | Normal BL, Abnormal Week 24 (BL n=53, 52, 47, 33) | Abnormal BL, Normal Week 24 (BL n=19, 24, 21, 25) | Abnormal BL, Abnormal Week 24(BL n=19, 24, 21, 25) | Normal BL, Normal Week 76 (BL n=48, 49, 48, 36) | Normal BL, Abnormal Week 76 (BL n=48, 49, 48, 36) | Abnormal BL, Normal Week 76 (BL n=19, 23, 21, 27) | Abnormal BL, Abnormal Week 76(BL n=19, 23, 21, 27) | Normal BL, Normal Week 102 (BL n=32, 32, 36, 22) | Normal BL, Abnormal Week 102 (BL n=32, 32, 36, 22) | Abnormal BL, Normal Week 102 (BL n=12, 18, 17, 20) | Abnormal BL,Abnormal Week 102(BL n=12, 18, 17, 20) | Normal BL, Normal Week 154 (BL n=20, 21, 26, 15) | Normal BL, Abnormal Week 154 (BL n=20, 21, 26, 15) | Abnormal BL, Normal Week 154 (BL n=7, 16, 11, 13) | Abnormal BL, Abnormal Week 154(BL n=7, 16, 11, 13) | Normal BL, Normal Week 206 (BL n=15, 13, 20, 14) | Normal BL, Abnormal Week 206 (BL n=15, 13, 20, 14) | Abnormal BL, Normal Week 206 (BL n=4, 13, 8, 11) | Abnormal BL, Abnormal Week 206 (BL n=4, 13, 8, 11) | |
| Placebo | 43 | 4 | 15 | 28 | 31 | 2 | 8 | 17 | 30 | 6 | 13 | 14 | 18 | 4 | 11 | 9 | 14 | 1 | 7 | 6 | 11 | 3 | 4 | 7 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg | 59 | 8 | 9 | 17 | 43 | 4 | 9 | 12 | 40 | 8 | 6 | 15 | 31 | 5 | 12 | 5 | 23 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 18 | 2 | 4 | 4 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg | 57 | 8 | 6 | 21 | 43 | 10 | 5 | 14 | 37 | 11 | 8 | 11 | 25 | 7 | 4 | 8 | 16 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 15 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg | 56 | 10 | 6 | 26 | 44 | 8 | 8 | 16 | 44 | 5 | 8 | 15 | 26 | 6 | 5 | 13 | 17 | 4 | 4 | 12 | 12 | 1 | 3 | 10 |
The normality/abnormality of the ECG tracing was determined by the investigator. (NCT00121641)
Timeframe: Baseline, Weeks 12, 24, 76, 102, 154, 206
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal BL, Normal Week 12 (BL n=23) | Normal BL, Abnormal Week 12 (BL n=23) | Abnormal BL, Normal Week 12 (BL n=18) | Abnormal BL, Abnormal Week 12 (BL n=18) | Normal BL, Normal Week 24 (BL n=10) | Normal BL, Abnormal Week 24 (BL n=10) | Abnormal BL, Normal Week 24 (BL n=6) | Abnormal BL, Abnormal Week 24(BL n=6) | Normal BL, Normal Week 76 (BL n=17) | Normal BL, Abnormal Week 76 (BL n=17) | Abnormal BL, Normal Week 76 (BL n=13) | Abnormal BL, Abnormal Week 76 (BL n=13) | Normal BL, Normal Week 102 (BL n=8) | Normal BL, Abnormal Week 102 (BL n=8) | Abnormal BL, Normal Week 102 (BL n=4) | Abnormal BL, Abnormal Week 102 (BL n=4) | Normal BL, Normal Week 154 (BL n=4) | Normal BL, Abnormal Week 154 (BL n=4) | Abnormal BL, Normal Week 154 (BL n=2) | Abnormal BL, Abnormal Week 154 (BL n=2) | Normal BL, Normal Week 206 (BL n=3) | Normal BL, Abnormal Week 206 (BL n=3) | Abnormal BL, Normal Week 206 (BL n=1) | Abnormal BL, Abnormal Week 206 (BL n=1) | |
| Open-Label Treatment Cohort (Direct Enrollees) | 19 | 4 | 5 | 13 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 13 | 4 | 4 | 9 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
To compare the change from baseline in HbA1c achieved with each dose of saxagliptin versus placebo in treatment naive subjects with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycemic control defined as A1C ≥7.0% and ≤10.0%. (NCT00121641)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | Percentage of glycosylated hemoglobins (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline Mean | Adjusted Mean Change from Baseline | |
| Placebo | 7.88 | 0.19 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg | 7.85 | -0.54 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg | 7.91 | -0.43 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg | 7.98 | -0.46 |
A laboratory value was considered a marked abnormality if it is outside the pre-defined criteria for marked abnormality and the on-treatment value was more extreme (farther from the limit) than the baseline value. Pre-Rx=pretreatment; ULN=upper limit of normal; ALP=alkaline phosphatase; AST=aspartate aminotransferase; ALT=alanine aminotransferase; unspec=unspecified; sodium serum low: <0.9 x Pre-Rx & <=130mEq/L / high: >1.1 x Pre-Rx & >=150mEq/L; potassium, serum low: <=0.8 x Pre-Rx & >=6.0mEq/L / high: 1.2 x Pre-Rx & >=6.0mEq/L; LLN=lower limit of normal. (NCT00121641)
Timeframe: Lab assessments taken during and up to 14 days after the last dose of study drug during the ST + LT Treatment Period. Mean duration of exposure was 109 weeks in 10 mg arm, 94.7 weeks in 2.5 mg arm, 103 weeks in 5 mg arm, and 98.4 weeks in placebo arm.
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hemoglobin < 8 g/dL (n=101, 105, 97, 93) | Hematocrit < 0.75 x pre-Rx (n=101, 105, 97, 93) | Platelets < 50 x 10^9 c/L (n=100, 104, 94, 93) | Platelets > 1.5 x ULN (n=100,104, 94, 93) | Leukocytes < 2 x 1000 c/µL (n=101, 105, 97, 93) | Neutrophils+Bands <1x1000 c/µL(n=101, 105, 97, 93) | Eosinophils >0.9x1000 c/µL (n=101, 105, 97, 93) | Lymphocytes <=0.75x1000 c/µL (n=101, 105, 97, 93) | ALP >3 x pre-Rx and >ULN (n=101,105, 97, 94) | ALP >1.5 x ULN (n=101, 105, 97, 94) | AST >3 x ULN (n=101, 105, 97, 94) | AST >5 x ULN (n=101, 105, 97, 94) | AST >10 x ULN (n=101, 105, 97, 94) | AST >20 x ULN (n=101, 105, 97, 94) | ALT >3 x ULN (n=101, 105, 97, 94) | ALT >5 x ULN (n=101, 105, 97, 94) | ALT >10 x ULN (n=101, 105, 97, 94) | ALT >20 x ULN (n=101, 105, 97, 94) | Bilirubin Total >2mg/dL (n=101, 105, 97, 94) | Bilirubin Total >1.5xULN (n=101, 105, 97, 94) | Bilirubin Total >2xULN (n=101, 105, 97, 94) | BUN >2 x pre-Rx and >ULN (n=101, 105, 97, 94) | Creatinine >2.5 mg/dL (n=101, 105, 97, 94) | Glucose, Serum Fasting < 50 mg/dL (n=0, 0, 0, 0) | Glucose, Serum Fasting > 500 mg/dL (n=0, 0, 0, 0) | Glucose, Serum Unspec. < 50 mg/dL (n=0,0,0,0) | Glucose, Serum Unspec. > 500 mg/dL (n=0,0,0,0) | Glucose, Plasma Fasting<50mg/dL(n=101, 104, 96,94) | Glucose,Plasma Fasting>500mg/dL(n=101, 104, 96,94) | Glucose, Plasma Unspec.<50mg/dL(n=102, 105, 98,95) | Glucose,Plasma Unspec.>500mg/dL(n=102, 105, 98,95) | Sodium,Serum Low (see above) (n=101, 105, 97, 94) | Sodium,Serum High(see above) (n=101, 105, 97, 94) | Potassium,Serum Low(see above)(n=101, 105, 97, 94) | Potassium, Serum High(see above)(n=101,105,97,94) | Chloride < 90 mEq/L (n=101, 105, 97, 94) | Chloride > 120 mEq/L (n=101, 105, 97, 94) | Albumin < 0.9 LLN (n=101, 105, 97, 94) | Creatine Kinase > 5 x ULN (n=101, 105, 97, 94) | Uric Acid > 1.5 x ULN (n=0, 0, 0, 0) | Protein Urine, >=2-4 (n=99, 103, 94, 92) | Blood Urine, >=2-4 (n=99, 103, 94, 92) | Red Blood Cells Urine >=2-4 (n=95, 97, 89, 88) | White Blood Cells Urine >=2-4 (n=95, 97, 89, 88) | |
| Placebo | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 16 | 14 | 12 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 15 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 13 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 9 | 11 | 8 | 19 |
A laboratory value was considered a marked abnormality if it is outside the pre-defined criteria for marked abnormality and the on-treatment value was more extreme (farther from the limit) than the baseline value. Pre-Rx=pretreatment; ULN=upper limit of normal; ALP=alkaline phosphatase; AST=aspartate aminotransferase; ALT=alanine aminotransferase; unspec=unspecified; sodium serum low: <0.9 x Pre-Rx & <=130mEq/L / high: >1.1 x Pre-Rx & >=150mEq/L; potassium, serum low: <=0.8 x Pre-Rx & >=6.0mEq/L / high: 1.2 x Pre-Rx & >=6.0mEq/L; LLN=lower limit of normal. (NCT00121641)
Timeframe: Lab assessments taken during and up to 14 days after the last dose of study drug during the ST + LT Treatment Period. Mean duration of exposure was 34 weeks.
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hemoglobin < 8 g/dL (n=64) | Hematocrit < 0.75 x pre-Rx (n=64) | Platelets < 50 x 10^9 c/L (n=64) | Platelets > 1.5 x ULN (n=64) | Leukocytes < 2 x 1000 c/µL (n=64) | Neutrophils+Bands <1x1000 c/uL (n=64) | Eosinophils >0.9x1000 c/µL (n=64) | Lymphocytes <=0.75x1000 c/uL (n=64) | ALP >3 x pre-Rx and >ULN (n=64) | ALP >1.5 x ULN (n=64) | AST >3 x ULN (n=64) | AST >5 x ULN (n=64) | AST >10 x ULN (n=64) | AST >20 x ULN (n=64) | ALT >3 x ULN (n=64) | ALT >5 x ULN (n=64) | ALT >10 x ULN (n=64) | ALT >20 x ULN (n=64) | Bilirubin Total >2mg/dL (n=64) | Bilirubin Total >1.5xULN (n=64) | Bilirubin Total >2xULN (n=64) | BUN >2 x pre-Rx and >ULN (n=64) | Creatinine >2.5 mg/dL (n=64) | Glucose, Serum Fasting < 50 mg/dL (n=1) | Glucose, Serum Fasting > 500 mg/dL (n=1) | Glucose, Serum Unspec. < 50 mg/dL (n=1) | Glucose, Serum Unspec. > 500 mg/dL (n=1) | Glucose, Plasma Fasting <50 mg/dL (n=64) | Glucose,Plasma Fasting >500 mg/dL (n=64) | Glucose, Plasma Unspec. <50 mg/dL (n=65) | Glucose,Plasma Unspec. >500 mg/dL (n=65) | Sodium,Serum Low (see above) (n=65) | Sodium,Serum High (see above) (n=65) | Potassium,Serum Low (see above) (n=65) | Potassium, Serum High (see above) (n=65) | Chloride < 90 mEq/L (n=65) | Chloride > 120 mEq/L (n=65) | Albumin < 0.9 LLN (n=64) | Creatine Kinase > 5 x ULN (n=64) | Uric Acid > 1.5 x ULN (n=0) | Protein Urine, >=2-4 (n=64) | Blood Urine, >=2-4 (n=64) | Red Blood Cells Urine >=2-4 (n=58) | White Blood Cells Urine >=2-4 (n=58) | |
| Open-Label Treatment Cohort (Direct Enrollees) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 6 |
AE=any new untoward medical occurrence or worsening of a pre-existing medical condition which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with this treatment. SAE=any untoward medical occurrence that at any dose: results in death, is life-threatening, requires inpatient hospitalization or causes prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect, results in development of drug dependency or drug abuse, is an important medical event. Related events=relationship of certain, probable, possible, or missing. (NCT00121641)
Timeframe: AEs: up to last treatment day + 1 day or last visit; SAEs: up to last treatment day + 30 days or last visit + 30 days. Mean duration of exposure was 109 weeks in 10 mg arm, 94.7 weeks in 2.5 mg arm, 103 weeks in 5 mg arm, and 98.4 weeks in placebo arm.
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At Least 1 AE | At Least 1 Related AE | Deaths | At Least 1 SAE | At Least 1 Related SAE | Discontinuations Due to SAEs | Discontinuations Due to AEs | |
| Placebo | 77 | 25 | 1 | 11 | 0 | 1 | 5 |
| Saxagliptin 10 mg | 87 | 25 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 3 | 10 |
| Saxagliptin 2.5 mg | 89 | 25 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 6 | 9 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg | 94 | 23 | 0 | 18 | 1 | 2 | 10 |
AE=any new untoward medical occurrence or worsening of a pre-existing medical condition which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with this treatment. SAE=any untoward medical occurrence that at any dose: results in death, is life-threatening, requires inpatient hospitalization or causes prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect, results in development of drug dependency or drug abuse, is an important medical event. Related events=relationship of certain, probable, possible, or missing. (NCT00121641)
Timeframe: AEs: up to last treatment day + 1 day or last visit; SAEs: up to last treatment day + 30 days or last visit + 30 days. Mean duration of exposure was 34 weeks.
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At Least 1 AE | At Least 1 Related AE | Deaths | At Least 1 SAE | At Least 1 Related SAE | Discontinuations Due to SAEs | Discontinuations Due to AEs | |
| Open-Label Treatment Cohort (Direct Enrollees) | 49 | 9 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 5 |
Change from baseline in FPG after 26 weeks of treatment. (NCT01326026)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| IDeg Simple | -3.27 |
| IDeg Step Wise | -2.68 |
Change from baseline in HbA1c after 26 weeks of treatment. (NCT01326026)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean) |
|---|---|
| IDeg Simple | -1.09 |
| IDeg Step Wise | -0.93 |
Observed rate of confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure (PYE). Confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes consisted of severe hypoglycaemia as well as minor hypoglycaemic episodes. Severe hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as requiring assistance to administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Minor hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT01326026)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 26 + 7 days follow up
| Intervention | Episodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number) |
|---|---|
| IDeg Simple | 160 |
| IDeg Step Wise | 117 |
Observed rate of nocturnal confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure (PYE). Confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes consisted of severe hypoglycaemia as well as minor hypoglycaemic episodes. Severe hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as requiring assistance to administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Minor hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. Nocturnal hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as occurring between 00:01 and 05:59 a.m. (NCT01326026)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 26 + 7 days follow up
| Intervention | Episodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number) |
|---|---|
| IDeg Simple | 21 |
| IDeg Step Wise | 10 |
Corresponds to rate of AEs per 100 patient years of exposure. Severity assessed by investigator. Mild: no or transient symptoms, no interference with subject's daily activities. Moderate: marked symptoms, moderate interference with subject's daily activities. Severe: considerable interference with subject's daily activities, unacceptable. Serious AE: AE that at any dose results in any of the following: death, a life-threatening experience, in-subject hospitalization/prolongation of existing hospitalisation, persistent/significant disability/incapacity/congenital anomaly/birth defect. (NCT01326026)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 26 + 7 days follow up
| Intervention | Events/100 years of patient exposure (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adverse events (AEs) | Serious AEs | Severe AEs | Moderate AEs | Mild AEs | Fatal AEs | |
| IDeg Simple | 346 | 15 | 15 | 69 | 262 | 0 |
| IDeg Step Wise | 379 | 15 | 10 | 79 | 291 | 2 |
To determine the concentration of metformin in adipose tissue. (NCT03477162)
Timeframe: Within 7 days from surgery
| Intervention | ng/g (Median) |
|---|---|
| Metformin | 70 |
To determine the concentration of metformin in plasma. (NCT03477162)
Timeframe: Within 7 days from surgery
| Intervention | ng/mL (Median) |
|---|---|
| Metformin | 450 |
To determine the concentration of metformin in tumor-adjacent normal tissue. (NCT03477162)
Timeframe: Within 7 days from surgery
| Intervention | ng/g (Median) |
|---|---|
| Metformin | 749 |
To determine the concentration of metformin in whole blood. (NCT03477162)
Timeframe: Within 7 days from surgery
| Intervention | ng/mL (Median) |
|---|---|
| Metformin | 514 |
To determine the intra-tumor concentrations of metformin, with a standard deviation ≤25% of the mean, in patients with solid tumors of thoracic origin administered metformin extended release. (NCT03477162)
Timeframe: Within 7 days from surgery
| Intervention | ng/g (Median) |
|---|---|
| Metformin | 1290 |
To assess the effect of dapagliflozin 10 mg daily in combination with metformin compared to placebo in combination with metformin after 24 weeks of double-blind treatment on total body fat mass measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. (NCT00855166)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Plus Metformin | -0.74 |
| Dapagliflozin Plus Metformin | -2.22 |
To evaluate the effect of dapagliflozin 10 mg daily in combination with metformin compared to placebo in combination with metformin on total body weight after 24 weeks of oral administration of double-blind treatment. (NCT00855166)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Plus Metformin | -0.88 |
| Dapagliflozin Plus Metformin | -2.96 |
To assess the effect of dapagliflozin 10 mg daily in combination with metformin compared to placebo in combination with metformin after 24 weeks of double-blind treatment on waist circumference. (NCT00855166)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | cm (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Plus Metformin | -0.99 |
| Dapagliflozin Plus Metformin | -2.51 |
To assess the effect of dapagliflozin 10 mg daily in combination with metformin compared to placebo in combination with metformin after 102 weeks of double-blind treatment on Bone Mineral Density at femoral neck as measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry. (NCT00855166)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 102
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Plus Metformin | 0.09 |
| Dapagliflozin Plus Metformin | -0.85 |
To assess the effect of dapagliflozin 10 mg daily in combination with metformin compared to placebo in combination with metformin after 102 weeks of double-blind treatment on Bone Mineral Density at lumbar spine (L1-4) as measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry. (NCT00855166)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 102
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Plus Metformin | 0.47 |
| Dapagliflozin Plus Metformin | 0.69 |
To assess the effect of dapagliflozin 10 mg daily in combination with metformin compared to placebo in combination with metformin after 102 weeks of double-blind treatment on Bone Mineral Density at total hip as measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry. (NCT00855166)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 102
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Plus Metformin | -0.37 |
| Dapagliflozin Plus Metformin | -0.82 |
To assess the effect of dapagliflozin 10 mg daily in combination with metformin compared to placebo in combination with metformin after 24 weeks of double-blind treatment on body weight decrease ≥5%. Least Squares Mean represents the percent of participants adjusted for body weight baseline value. (NCT00855166)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Plus Metformin | 4.3 |
| Dapagliflozin Plus Metformin | 30.6 |
The ALT hepatic transaminase levels are going to be measured at week 12 with standardized techniques. (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12.
| Intervention | U/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 32.1 |
| Placebo | 38.1 |
The hepatic transaminase AST will be evaluated with standardized methods at week 12 (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | U/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 31.1 |
| Placebo | 29.5 |
The AUC of glucose will be calculated from the glucose values obtained from the minuted oral glucose tolerance curve at week 12 (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | mmol*hr/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 1153 |
| Placebo | 1129 |
The AUC will be calculated from the insulin values obtained from the minuted oral glucose tolerance curve at week 12 (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | pmol*h/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 45016 |
| Placebo | 119704 |
The Body Mass index it's going to be calculated at week 12 with the Quetelet index. (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | kg/m^2 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 32.6 |
| Placebo | 32.1 |
The weight it's going to be measured at week 12 with a bioimpedance balance. (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | kilograms (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 81.2 |
| Placebo | 79.6 |
The creatinine levels are going to be measured at week 12 with standardized techniques. (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12.
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 0.07 |
| Placebo | 0.05 |
The diastolic blood pressure is going to be evaluated at week 12 with a digital sphygmomanometer. (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 76 |
| Placebo | 79 |
The fat mass is going to be evaluated at week 12 through bioimpedance. (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | kilograms (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 32.7 |
| Placebo | 34.4 |
The glucose at minute 120 is going to be evaluated at week 12 during a minuted oral glucose tolerance curve (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 8.5 |
| Placebo | 8.8 |
The glucose at minute 30 is going to be evaluated at week 12 during a minuted oral glucose tolerance curve (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 10.5 |
| Placebo | 10.0 |
The glucose at minute 60 is going to be evaluated at week 12 during a minuted oral glucose tolerance curve (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 11.1 |
| Placebo | 11.4 |
The glucose at minute 90 is going to be evaluated at week 12 during a minuted oral glucose tolerance curve (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 9.8 |
| Placebo | 9.9 |
The fasting glucose (0') levels are going to be evaluated at week 12 with enzymatic/colorimetric techniques. (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 5.7 |
| Placebo | 5.8 |
The c-HDL levels are going to be evaluated at week 12 with enzymatic/colorimetric techniques. (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 1.3 |
| Placebo | 1.3 |
"The insulinogenic index is a ratio that relates enhancement of circulating insulin to the magnitude of the corresponding glycemic stimulus.~Total insulin secretion was calculated with the insulinogenic index (ΔAUC insulin/ΔAUC glucose), the entered values reflect the total insulin secretion at week 12." (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | index (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 0.35 |
| Placebo | 0.99 |
The c-LDL levels are going to be measured at week 12 with standardized techniques. (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 3.1 |
| Placebo | 2.8 |
Matsuda Index value is used to indicate insulin resistance on diabetes. Insulin sensitivity was calculated with Matsuda index [10,000 / √glucose 0' x insulin 0') (mean glucose oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) x mean insulin OGTT)]. The entered values reflect the insulin sensitivity at week 12. (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | index (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 2.7 |
| Placebo | 1.6 |
"Human studies support the critical physiologic role of the first-phase of insulin secretion in the maintenance of postmeal glucose homeostasis.~First phase of insulin secretion was estimated using the Stumvoll index (1283+ 1.829 x insulin 30' - 138.7 x glucose 30' + 3.772 x insulin 0'), the entered values reflect the frst phase of insulin secretion at week 12." (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | index (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 1463 |
| Placebo | 2198 |
The systolic blood pressure is going to be evaluated at week 12 with a digital sphygmomanometer. (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 117 |
| Placebo | 121 |
The total cholesterol will be estimated by standardized techniques at week 12. (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 5.2 |
| Placebo | 4.9 |
The triglycerides levels are going to be evaluated at week 12 with enzymatic-colorimetric techniques. (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 1.7 |
| Placebo | 1.7 |
The uric acid levels are going to be measured at week 12 with standardized techniques. (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12.
| Intervention | umol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 243.9 |
| Placebo | 339.0 |
The waist circumference is going to be evaluated at week 12 with a flexible tape with standardized techniques. (NCT02113241)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | centimeters (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin | 97.6 |
| Placebo | 97.2 |
Change from baseline: post-pre. Adjusted for baseline (value and metformin use). ANCOVA model: difference between week t and baseline values=baseline values + treatment + metformin use (NCT00757588)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | Percentage of change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin, 5 mg + Insulin | -0.73 |
| Placebo + Insulin | -0.32 |
An MTT is a 2-part test that measures glucose and insulin levels after an overnight fast and before ingesting a meal consisting of a nutritional drink and power bar and again at prespecified times (30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes) after the start of ingestion of the meal. (NCT00757588)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin, 5 mg + Insulin | -27.2 |
| Placebo + Insulin | -4.2 |
(NCT00757588)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin, 5 mg + Insulin | -10.1 |
| Placebo + Insulin | -6.1 |
Based on information recorded in the participant's daily diary. The MTDDI was calculated at every visit using the values patients recorded since the last regularly scheduled visit (minimum of 80% of days with a value). At every visit, the MTDDI was compared with the participant's baseline MTDDI (measured during a 4-week lead-in period) to identify any changes in insulin use at that visit compared with insulin use at baseline. (NCT00757588)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | Units (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin, 5 mg + Insulin | 1.71 |
| Placebo + Insulin | 5.01 |
An MTT is a 2-part test that measures glucose and insulin levels after an overnight fast and before ingesting a meal consisting of a nutritional drink and power bar and again at prespecified times (30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes) after the start of ingestion of the meal (NCT00757588)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | mg*min/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin, 5 mg + Insulin | -4548.5 |
| Placebo + Insulin | -718.8 |
"ECG abnormalities included those in nonspecific other categories (Other nonspecific ST/T, Other intraventricular conduction defect, Other, and Other rhythm abnormalities)and nonspecific findings, such as sinus bradycardia, sinus arrythmia, sinus tachycardia, poor R-wave progression, and ventricular premature contractions." (NCT00757588)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52
| Intervention | Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin, 5 mg + Insulin | 15 |
| Placebo + Insulin | 11 |
Therapeutic glycemic response is defined as an A1C<7%. Significance was not interpreted with a p value. (NCT00757588)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin, 5 mg + Insulin | 17.3 |
| Placebo + Insulin | 6.7 |
(NCT00757588)
Timeframe: Baseline to Weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 36, 44, and 52
| Intervention | Beats per minute (Number) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 2 (n=294, 147) | Week 4 (n=293, 144) | Week 6 (n=280, 141) | Week 8 (n=290, 142) | Week 12 (n=286, 144) | Week 16 (n=278, 139) | Week 20 (n=276, 137) | Week 24 (n=273, 134) | Week 28 (n=264, 132) | Week 36 (n=261, 129) | Week 44 (n=250, 125) | Week 52 (n=246, 125) | |
| Placebo + Insulin | -0.7 | -1.0 | -0.9 | -0.7 | 0.2 | -0.6 | 0.4 | -1.0 | -0.6 | -0.0 | -0.7 | 0.2 |
| Saxagliptin, 5 mg + Insulin | -0.5 | -0.5 | -0.5 | -0.0 | 0.3 | -1.0 | -0.5 | 0.0 | -1.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | -0.3 |
(NCT00757588)
Timeframe: Baseline to Weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 36, 44, and 52
| Intervention | mm Hg (Number) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systolic blood pressure (Week 2) (n=294, 147) | Systolic blood pressure (Week 4) (n=293, 144) | Systolic blood pressure (Week 6) (n=280, 141) | Systolic blood pressure (Week 8) (n=290, 142) | Systolic blood pressure (Week 12) (n=286, 144) | Systolic blood pressure (Week 16) (n=278, 139) | Systolic blood pressure (Week 20) (n=276, 137) | Systolic blood pressure (Week 24) (n=273, 134) | Systolic blood pressure (Week 28) (n=264, 132) | Systolic blood pressure (Week 36) (n=261, 129) | Systolic blood pressure (Week 44) (n=250, 125) | Systolic blood pressure (Week 52) (n=246, 125) | Diastolic blood pressure (Week 2) (n=294, 147) | Diastolic blood pressure (Week 4) (n=293, 144) | Diastolic blood pressure (Week 6) (n=280, 141) | Diastolic blood pressure (Week 8) (n=290, 142) | Diastolic blood pressure (Week 12) (n=286, 144) | Diastolic blood pressure (Week 16) (n=278, 139) | Diastolic blood pressure (Week 20) (n=276, 137) | Diastolic blood pressure (Week 24) (n=273, 134) | Diastolic blood pressure (Week 28) (n=264, 132) | Diastolic blood pressure (Week 36) (n=261, 129) | Diastolic blood pressure (Week 44) (n=250, 125) | Diastolic blood pressure (Week 52) (n=246, 125) | |
| Placebo + Insulin | 2.3 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 | -0.1 | 1.8 | 3.6 | 2.6 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.8 | 0.3 | 2.1 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.1 |
| Saxagliptin, 5 mg + Insulin | -1.0 | -1.2 | -0.8 | -0.8 | -1.7 | -1.2 | -0.6 | -1.5 | -1.4 | -0.7 | -0.6 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | -0.5 | -0.8 | -1.1 | -0.7 | -1.7 | -1.6 | -1.2 | -0.3 | -0.5 |
An AE is any new untoward medical occurrence or worsening of a preexisting medical condition that does not necessarily have a causal relationship with this treatment. An SAE is any untoward medical event that at any dose: results in death, persistent or significant disability/incapacity, or drug dependency or abuse; is life-threatening, an important medical event, or a congenital anomaly/birth defect; requires inpatient hospitalization; or prolongs existing hospitalization. Treatment-related=possibly, probably, or certainly related to and of unknown relationship to study treatment. (NCT00757588)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52, continuously
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At least 1 AE | At least 1 treatment-related AE | Deaths | At least 1 SAE | At least 1 treatment-related SAE | Discontinuations due to SAEs | Discontinuations due to AEs | |
| Placebo + Insulin | 108 | 34 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Saxagliptin, 5 mg + Insulin | 202 | 56 | 2 | 25 | 3 | 4 | 9 |
"Marked abnormality=a laboratory value lying outside the predefined criteria and more extreme (farther from the limit)on-treatment than at baseline. ULN=upper limit of normal; LLN=lower limit of normal; prx=pre-RX=pretreatment.~Criteria 1: if prx=0 use >=2, if prx=0.5 or 1 use >=3, if prx=2 use 4." (NCT00757588)
Timeframe: Baseline and during and up to 14 days after last dose of study drug (in Week 52)
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hemoglobin <8 g/dL (n=300; 150) | Hematocrit <0.75*prx (n=300; 150) | Platelets <50*10^9 c/L (n=297; 145) | Platelets >1.5*ULN (n=297; 145) | Leukocytes <2*1000 c/uL (n=300; 150) | Neutrophils <1*1000 c/uL (n=296; 150) | Eosinophils >0.9*1000 c/uL (n=296; 150) | Lymphocytes <=0.75*1000 c/uL (n=296; 150) | Alkaline phosphatase >3*prx & >ULN (n=302; 150) | Alkaline phosphatase >1.5 ULN (n=302; 150) | Aspartate aminotransferase >3* ULN (n=298; 148) | Aspartate aminotransferase>5* ULN (n=298; 148) | Aspartate aminotransferase >10*ULN (n=298; 148) | Aspartate aminotransferase >20*ULN (n=298; 148) | Alanine transaminase >3*ULN (n=300; 148) | Alanine transaminase >5*ULN (n=300; 148) | Alanine transaminase >10*ULN (n=300; 148) | Alanine transaminase >20*ULN (n=300; 148) | Bilirubin, total >2 mg/dL (n=301; 150) | Bilirubin, total >1.5*ULN (n=301; 150) | Bilirubin, total >2*ULN (n=301; 150) | Blood urea nitrogen >2*prx & >ULN (n=302; 150) | Creatinine >2.5 mg/dL (n=303; 150) | Glucose, serum fasting <50 mg/dL (n=0; 0) | Glucose, serum fasting >500 mg/dL (n=0; 0) | Glucose, serum unspecified <50 mg/dL (n=0; 0) | Glucose, serum unspecified >500 mg/dL (n=0; 0) | Glucose, plasma fasting <50 mg/dL (n=301;150) | Glucose, plasma fasting >500 mg/dL (n=301;150) | Glucose, plasma unspecified <50 mg/dL (n=272; 133) | Glucose, plasma unspecified >500 mg/d (n=272; 133) | Sodium, serum <0.9*prx & <=130 mEq/L (n=302; 150) | Sodium, serum >1.1*prx & >=150 mEq/L (n=302; 150) | Potassium, serum <0.8 prx &<=3.2 mEq/L(n=300; 148) | Potassium, serum >1.2*prx&>= 6.0 mEq/L(n=300; 148) | Chloride, serum <90 mEq/L (n=302; 150) | Chloride, serum >120 mEq/L (n=302; 150) | Albumin <0.9*LLN; if prx| Creatine kinase >5*ULN (n=301, 148) | Uric acid >1.5*ULN; if prx >ULN, >2 (n=0,0) | Protein urine (see criteria 1) (n=297,146) | Blood urine (see criteria 1) (n=297; 146) | Red blood cells urine (see criteria 1) (n=53; 31) | White blood cells urine (see criteria 1)(n=115;53) | | |
| Placebo + Insulin | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 10 |
| Saxagliptin, 5 mg + Insulin | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 8 | 14 | 8 | 35 |
Confirmed hypoglycemia=fingerstick glucose measurement of ≤50 mg/dL with associated symptoms/ (NCT00757588)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Reported | Confirmed | |
| Placebo + Insulin | 24.5 | 6.6 |
| Saxagliptin, 5 mg + Insulin | 19.4 | 7.6 |
Absolute lymphocyte count=value*10^3 c/uL (NCT00757588)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 24 and 52
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline <= 0.75; Week 24 <= 0.75 | Baseline <= 0.75; Week 24 >0.75- <= 5.00 | Baseline <= 0.75; Week 24 >5.00 | Baseline >0.75- <= 5.00; Week 24 <= 0.75 | Baseline >0.75- <= 5.00; Week 24 >0.75- <= 5.00 | Baseline >0.75- <= 5.00; Week 24 >5.00 | Baseline >5.00; Week 24 <= 0.75 | Baseline >5.00; Week 24 >0.75- <= 5.00 | Baseline >5.00; Week 24 >5.00 | Baseline <= 0.75; Week 52 <= 0.75 | Baseline <= 0.75; Week 52 >0.75- <= 5.00 | Baseline <= 0.75; Week 52 >5.00 | Baseline >0.75- <= 5.00; Week 52 <= 0.75 | Baseline >0.75- <= 5.00; Week 52 >0.75- <= 5.00 | Baseline >0.75- <= 5.00; Week 52 >5.00 | Baseline >5.00; Week 52 <= 0.75 | Baseline >5.00; Week 52 >0.75- <= 5.00 | Baseline >5.00; Week 52 >5.00 | |
| Placebo + Insulin | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 148 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 147 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Saxagliptin, 5 mg + Insulin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 293 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 295 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Platelet count=value*10^9 c/L (NCT00757588)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 24 and 52
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline <= 100; Week 24 <= 100 | Baseline <= 100; Week 24 >100 - <= 600 | Baseline <= 100; Week 24 >600 | Baseline >100 - <= 600; Week 24 <= 100 | Baseline >100 - <= 600; Week 24 >100 - <= 600 | Baseline >100 - <= 600; Week 24 >600 | Baseline >600; Week 24 <= 100 | Baseline >600; Week 24 >100 - <= 600 | Baseline >600; Week 24 >600 | Baseline <= 100; Week 52 <= 100 | Baseline <= 100; Week 52 >100 - <= 600 | Baseline <= 100; Week 52 >600 | Baseline >100 - <= 600; Week 52 <= 100 | Baseline >100 - <= 600; Week 52 >100 - <= 600 | Baseline >100 - <= 600; Week 52 >600 | Baseline >600; Week 52 <= 100 | Baseline >600; Week 52 >100 - <= 600 | Baseline >600; Week 52 >600 | |
| Placebo + Insulin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 143 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 144 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Saxagliptin, 5 mg + Insulin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 296 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 295 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
(NCT01167881)
Timeframe: Baseline and 104 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of HbA1c (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Empaglifozin 25 mg | -0.66 |
| Glimepiride | -0.55 |
(NCT01167881)
Timeframe: baseline and 52 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of HbA1c (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Empaglifozin 25 mg | -0.73 |
| Glimepiride | -0.66 |
(NCT01167881)
Timeframe: baseline and 104 weeks
| Intervention | kilograms (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Empaglifozin 25 mg | -3.11 |
| Glimepiride | 1.33 |
(NCT01167881)
Timeframe: baseline and 52 weeks
| Intervention | kilograms (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Empaglifozin 25 mg | -3.21 |
| Glimepiride | 1.59 |
(NCT01167881)
Timeframe: baseline and 104 weeks
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Empaglifozin 25 mg | -1.8 |
| Glimepiride | 0.9 |
(NCT01167881)
Timeframe: baseline and 52 weeks
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Empaglifozin 25 mg | -1.9 |
| Glimepiride | 1.0 |
(NCT01167881)
Timeframe: baseline and 104 weeks
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Empaglifozin 25 mg | -3.1 |
| Glimepiride | 2.5 |
(NCT01167881)
Timeframe: baseline and 52 weeks
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Empaglifozin 25 mg | -3.6 |
| Glimepiride | 2.2 |
(NCT01167881)
Timeframe: baseline and 104 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Empaglifozin 25 mg | 19 |
| Glimepiride | 189 |
(NCT01167881)
Timeframe: baseline and 52 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Empaglifozin 25 mg | 12 |
| Glimepiride | 159 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean change in 2-hour post-prandial glucose from Baseline to Week 26 for each treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin or sitagliptin group minus placebo) in the LS mean change. (NCT01106677)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -9.79 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | -47.9 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -57.1 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -49.3 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean change in FPG from Baseline to Week 26 for each treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin or sitagliptin group minus placebo) in the LS mean change. (NCT01106677)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 2.47 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | -27.3 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -37.8 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -20.2 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean change in FPG from Baseline to Week 52 for each active treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus sitagliptin) in the LS mean change. (NCT01106677)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 52
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | -26.2 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -35.2 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -17.7 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean change in HbA1c from Baseline to Week 26 for each treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin or sitagliptin group minus placebo) in the LS mean change. (NCT01106677)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -0.17 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | -0.79 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -0.94 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -0.82 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean change in HbA1c from Baseline to Week 52 for each active treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus sitagliptin) in the LS mean change. (NCT01106677)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 52
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | -0.73 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -0.88 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -0.73 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean change in SBP from Baseline to Week 26 for each treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin or sitagliptin group minus placebo) in the LS mean change. (NCT01106677)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 1.52 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | -3.84 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -5.06 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -1.83 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean change in SBP from Baseline to Week 52 for each active treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus sitagliptin) in the LS mean change. (NCT01106677)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 52
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | -3.53 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -4.65 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -0.66 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean percent change in body weight from Baseline to Week 26 for each treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin or sitagliptin group minus placebo) in the LS mean percent change. (NCT01106677)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | -1.2 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | -3.7 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -4.2 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -1.2 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean percent change in body weight from Baseline to Week 52 for each active treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus sitagliptin) in the LS mean percent change. (NCT01106677)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 52
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | -3.8 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -4.2 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -1.3 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean percent change in HDL-C from Baseline to Week 26 for each treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin or sitagliptin group minus placebo) in the LS mean percent change. (NCT01106677)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 3.7 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | 10.4 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | 12.1 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 5.0 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean percent change in HDL-C from Baseline to Week 52 for each active treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus sitagliptin) in the LS mean percent change. (NCT01106677)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 52
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | 11.2 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | 13.3 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 6.0 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean percent change in triglycerides from Baseline to Week 26 for each treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin or sitagliptin group minus placebo) in the LS mean percent change. (NCT01106677)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 3.2 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | 1.6 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -1.4 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 1.0 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean percent change in triglycerides from Baseline to Week 52 for each active treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus sitagliptin) in the LS mean percent change. (NCT01106677)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 52
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | 1.9 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | 2.7 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -0.4 |
The table below shows the percentage of patients with HbA1c <7% at Week 26 in each treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences between each canagliflozin or sitagliptin group and placebo. (NCT01106677)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Sitagliptin | 29.8 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | 45.5 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | 57.8 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 54.5 |
(NCT00954447)
Timeframe: Baseline and 52 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.63 |
| Linagliptin 5 mg | -2.55 |
Means adjusted for treatment, baseline HbA1c, baseline FPG, categorical renal function impairment and concomitant OADs (NCT00954447)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 4.52 |
| Linagliptin 5 mg | -7.09 |
HbA1c is measured as a percentage. Adjusted for treatment, baseline HbA1c, categorical renal function impairment and concomitant Oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD) (NCT00954447)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.07 |
| Linagliptin 5 mg | -0.58 |
Means adjusted for treatment, baseline HbA1c, categorical renal function impairment and concomitant OADs (NCT00954447)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.02 |
| Linagliptin 5 mg | -0.59 |
Means adjusted for treatment, baseline HbA1c, categorical renal function impairment and concomitant OADs (NCT00954447)
Timeframe: Baseline and 18 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.03 |
| Linagliptin 5 mg | -0.64 |
Means adjusted for treatment, baseline HbA1c, categorical renal function impairment and concomitant OADs (NCT00954447)
Timeframe: Baseline and 32 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.01 |
| Linagliptin 5 mg | -0.56 |
Means adjusted for treatment, baseline HbA1c, categorical renal function impairment and concomitant OADs (NCT00954447)
Timeframe: Baseline and 40 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.05 |
| Linagliptin 5 mg | -0.50 |
Means adjusted for treatment, baseline HbA1c, categorical renal function impairment and concomitant OADs (NCT00954447)
Timeframe: Baseline and 52 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.05 |
| Linagliptin 5 mg | -0.48 |
Means adjusted for treatment, baseline HbA1c, categorical renal function impairment and concomitant OADs (NCT00954447)
Timeframe: Baseline and 6 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.00 |
| Linagliptin 5 mg | -0.45 |
Means adjusted for treatment, continous baseline HbA1c, continous baseline weight, continous baseline Insulin, categorical renal function impairment and concomitant OADs (NCT00954447)
Timeframe: Baseline and 52 weeks
| Intervention | International units (IU) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 4.18 |
| Linagliptin 5 mg | 2.60 |
(NCT00954447)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6, 12, 18, 24, 32 and 40 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| after 6 weeks of treatment | after 12 weeks of treatment (N=556, N=590) | after 18 weeks of treatment (N=533, N=567) | after 24 weeks of treatment (N=499, N=533) | after 32 weeks of treatment (N=436, N=491) | after 40 weeks of treatment (N=357, N=429) | |
| Linagliptin 5 mg | -5.29 | -7.59 | -3.30 | -7.07 | -6.30 | -6.50 |
| Placebo | 2.97 | -0.33 | 2.10 | 0.04 | -2.67 | -3.99 |
(NCT00954447)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 weeks: post-breakfast, post-lunch, post-dinner
| Intervention | mmol*hr/L (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| post-breakfast incremental glucose | post-lunch incremental glucose (N=34, N=41) | post-dinner incremental glucose (N=46, N=57) | |
| Linagliptin 5 mg | -3.78 | -11.00 | -3.26 |
| Placebo | 9.31 | -17.80 | -1.71 |
Mean Daily Glucose was calculated using the 8-point blood glucose profile (NCT00954447)
Timeframe: Baseline, 24 and 52 weeks
| Intervention | mmol*hr/L (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| after 24 weeks of treatment | after 52 weeks of treatment (N=25, N=15) | |
| Linagliptin 5 mg | -0.01 | -0.50 |
| Placebo | 0.03 | 0.10 |
(NCT00954447)
Timeframe: 24 and 52 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| after 24 weeks of treatment | after 52 weeks of treatment | |
| Linagliptin 5 mg | 333 | 231 |
| Placebo | 137 | 104 |
(NCT00954447)
Timeframe: 24 and 52 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| after 24 weeks of treatment | after 52 weeks of treatment | |
| Linagliptin 5 mg | 50 | 46 |
| Placebo | 10 | 12 |
(NCT00954447)
Timeframe: 24 and 52 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| after 24 weeks of treatment | after 52 weeks of treatment | |
| Linagliptin 5 mg | 134 | 109 |
| Placebo | 56 | 44 |
A standard liquid mixed-meal challenge was done at baseline and Month 4. A 2 hour insulin secretion rate using deconvolution was performed. The deconvolution was an algorithm that analyzed the insulin secretion rate relative to glucose and C-peptide combined. Blood samples were taken prior to and after meal at sample times: -20, -10, -1 and 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 minutes relative to the start of the meal. The analysis of covariance included treatment and metformin dose group as main effects and baseline 2 hour Insulin secretion rate as a covariate. (NCT00900146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 4
| Intervention | pmol/min/m² (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canakinumab 5 mg + Metformin | -17.022 |
| Canakinumab 15 mg + Metformin | -9.607 |
| Canakinumab 50 mg + Metformin | -31.296 |
| Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin | -38.515 |
| Placebo + Metformin | -24.812 |
A standard liquid mixed-meal challenge was done at baseline and Month 4. Patients fasted overnight after 10 pm on day prior to scheduled visit. Study visits should occur before 10 am. Patients completed each standard meal challenge with measurement of glucose prior to and after a liquid mixed meal. The sampling times were -20, -10, and -1, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 240 minutes relative to the start of meal. The analysis of covariance included treatment and metformin dose group as main effects and baseline 2-hour glucose level as covariate. (NCT00900146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 4
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canakinumab 5 mg + Metformin | -0.427 |
| Canakinumab 15 mg + Metformin | -0.239 |
| Canakinumab 50 mg + Metformin | -0.777 |
| Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin | 0.262 |
| Placebo + Metformin | -0.347 |
Patients were asked to check their glucose level (7 times) using their glucose meter on one of the seven days prior to the Meal Challenge Visits (Period II: Month 0 (Baseline), Month 4. Patient was instructed to test at following timepoints: fasting before breakfast, 2 hours after starting breakfast, before lunch, 2 hours after starting lunch, before dinner, 2 hours after dinner and at bedtime. Patient documented the results in their Study Diary. The analysis of covariance included treatment and metformin dose group as main effects and baseline average plasma glucose level as a covariate. (NCT00900146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 4
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canakinumab 5 mg + Metformin | -0.357 |
| Canakinumab 15 mg + Metformin | -0.218 |
| Canakinumab 50 mg + Metformin | -0.275 |
| Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin | -0.040 |
| Placebo + Metformin | -0.091 |
A standard liquid mixed-meal challenge was done at baseline and Month 4. Patients completed each standard meal challenge with measurement of C-peptide prior to and after a liquid mixed meal. Sampling times were -20, -10, and -1, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 240 minutes relative to start of meal. C-peptide levels over 4 hrs were shown as Area Under the Curve,(AUC). AUC was calculated as: x=1 AUC ΣAx n Where Ax = AUC for the 240 min.interval, and X = 1 for the 1st interval. The analysis of covariance included baseline C-peptide AUC 0-4 hours as a covariate. (NCT00900146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 4
| Intervention | nmol*hour/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canakinumab 5 mg + Metformin | -0.399 |
| Canakinumab 15 mg + Metformin | -0.388 |
| Canakinumab 50 mg + Metformin | -0.834 |
| Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin | -0.610 |
| Placebo + Metformin | -0.588 |
Change in fasting insulin Level measured from blood samples taken at Baseline and at Month 4. The analysis of covariance included treatment and metformin dose group as main effects and baseline fasting insulin level as a covariate. (NCT00900146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 4
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canakinumab 5 mg + Metformin | 4.3 |
| Canakinumab 15 mg + Metformin | 7.2 |
| Canakinumab 50 mg + Metformin | 7.0 |
| Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin | 4.4 |
| Placebo + Metformin | -0.4 |
Change in Fasting Glucose Level measured from plasma taken at Baseline and at Month 4. The analysis of covariance included treatment and metformin dose group as main effects and baseline fasting plasma glucose level as a covariate. (NCT00900146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 4
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canakinumab 5 mg + Metformin | 0.25 |
| Canakinumab 15 mg + Metformin | -0.19 |
| Canakinumab 50 mg + Metformin | -0.29 |
| Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin | 0.19 |
| Placebo + Metformin | 0.01 |
HbA1c was measured by National glycohemoglobin standardization program (NGSP) certified methodology. HbA1c is an integrated measure of average glucose concentration in plasma in the last 2-3 months. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) included treatment and metformin dose group as main effects and baseline HbA1c as a covariate. (NCT00900146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 4
| Intervention | percentage of hemoglobin A1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canakinumab 5 mg + Metformin | -0.19 |
| Canakinumab 15 mg + Metformin | -0.29 |
| Canakinumab 50 mg + Metformin | -0.31 |
| Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin | -0.25 |
| Placebo + Metformin | -0.13 |
The change from baseline in hsCRP (on the logarithmic scale) at Month 4 was measured for this analysis. The analysis of covariance included treatment and metformin dose group as main effects and baseline hsCRP as a covariate. (NCT00900146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 4
| Intervention | log (mg/L) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canakinumab 5 mg + Metformin | -0.19 |
| Canakinumab 15 mg + Metformin | -0.32 |
| Canakinumab 50 mg + Metformin | -0.44 |
| Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin | -0.40 |
| Placebo + Metformin | -0.08 |
The homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) is a method used to quantify insulin resistance and beta (β)-cell function. HOMA2-B is a computer model that uses fasting plasma insulin and glucose concentrations to estimate steady state beta cell function (%B) as a percentage of a normal reference population (normal young adults). Time profile of postprandial glucose, insulin and C-peptide were assessed as measures of β-cell response to stimulation. The analysis of covariance included treatment and metformin dose group as main effects and baseline HOMA-B as a covariate. (NCT00900146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 4
| Intervention | percentage of beta cell function (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canakinumab 5 mg + Metformin | -1.067 |
| Canakinumab 15 mg + Metformin | 2.259 |
| Canakinumab 50 mg + Metformin | 8.215 |
| Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin | 6.217 |
| Placebo + Metformin | -2.182 |
The homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) is a method used to quantify insulin resistance and beta (β)-cell function. HOMA2-IR is a computer model that uses fasting plasma insulin and glucose concentrations to estimate insulin resistance which is the reciprocal of insulin sensitivity (%S)(100/%S)as a percentage of a normal reference population (normal young adults). The analysis of covariance included treatment and metformin dose group as main effects and baseline HOMA2 IR as a covariate. (NCT00900146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 4
| Intervention | percentage of insulin resistance (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canakinumab 5 mg + Metformin | 0.245 |
| Canakinumab 15 mg + Metformin | 0.517 |
| Canakinumab 50 mg + Metformin | 0.255 |
| Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin | 0.252 |
| Placebo + Metformin | 0.013 |
A standard liquid mixed-meal challenge was done at baseline and Month 4. Patients completed each standard meal challenge with measurement of insulin prior to and after a liquid mixed meal. Sampling times were -20, -10, and -1, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 240 minutes relative to the start of meal. Insulin levels over 4 hrs were shown as Area Under the Curve,(AUC). AUC was calculated as: x=1 AUC ΣAx n Where Ax = AUC for the 240 min.interval, and X = 1 for the 1st interval. Model of analysis of covariance included baseline insulin AUC 0-4 hours as covariate. (NCT00900146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 4
| Intervention | pmol*hour/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canakinumab 5 mg + Metformin | 18.623 |
| Canakinumab 15 mg + Metformin | 66.237 |
| Canakinumab 50 mg + Metformin | -14.016 |
| Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin | -20.583 |
| Placebo + Metformin | 0.121 |
Change in Insulin Secretion Rate stimulated by Liquid mixed-meal challenge. A standard liquid mixed-meal challenge was done at baseline and Month 4. Blood samples were taken prior to and after meal for glucose and insulin at sample times: -20, -10, -1 and 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 minutes relative to the start of the meal. The model of analysis of covariance included baseline Insulin secretion rate relative to glucose AUC at 0-2 hours as a covariate. (NCT00900146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 4
| Intervention | pmol/min/m²/mmol *hour/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canakinumab 5 mg + Metformin | -0.369 |
| Canakinumab 15 mg + Metformin | -0.331 |
| Canakinumab 50 mg + Metformin | -1.761 |
| Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin | -2.428 |
| Placebo + Metformin | -1.635 |
A standard liquid mixed-meal challenge was done at baseline and Month 4. Patients fasted overnight after 10 pm on the day prior to scheduled visit. Study visits should occur before 10 am. Patients completed each standard meal challenge with measurement of C-peptide prior to and after a liquid mixed meal. Sampling times were -20, -10, and -1, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 240 minutes relative to the start of meal. The analysis of covariance included treatment and metformin dose group as main effects and baseline peak C-peptide level as a covariate. (NCT00900146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 4
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canakinumab 5 mg + Metformin | -0.075 |
| Canakinumab 15 mg + Metformin | -0.115 |
| Canakinumab 50 mg + Metformin | -0.227 |
| Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin | -0.207 |
| Placebo + Metformin | -0.212 |
A standard liquid mixed-meal challenge was done at baseline and Month 4. Patients fasted overnight after 10 pm on day prior to scheduled visit. Study visits should occur before 10 am. Patients completed each standard meal challenge with measurement of glucose prior to and after a liquid mixed meal. The sampling times were -20, -10, and -1, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 240 minutes relative to the start of meal. The analysis of covariance included treatment and metformin dose group as main effects and baseline peak glucose level as covariate. (NCT00900146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 4
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canakinumab 5 mg + Metformin | -0.386 |
| Canakinumab 15 mg + Metformin | -0.380 |
| Canakinumab 50 mg + Metformin | -0.565 |
| Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin | 0.381 |
| Placebo + Metformin | -0.339 |
A standard liquid mixed-meal challenge was done at baseline and Month 4. Patients fasted overnight after 10 pm on day prior to scheduled visit. Study visits should occur before 10 am. Patients completed each standard meal challenge with measurement of insulin prior to and after a liquid mixed meal. The sampling times were -20, -10, and -1, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 240 minutes relative to the start of meal. The analysis of covariance included treatment and metformin dose group as main effects and baseline 2-hour insulin level as covariate. (NCT00900146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 4
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canakinumab 5 mg + Metformin | 13.1 |
| Canakinumab 15 mg + Metformin | 26.0 |
| Canakinumab 50 mg + Metformin | 2.0 |
| Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin | -7.0 |
| Placebo + Metformin | 1.7 |
Patients were asked to check their glucose level (7 times) using their glucose meter on one of the seven days prior to the Meal Challenge Visits (Period II: baseline, Month 4. Patient was instructed to test at following timepoints: fasting before breakfast, 2 hours after starting breakfast, before lunch, 2 hours after starting lunch, before dinner, 2 hours after dinner and at bedtime. The patient documented the results in their Study Diary. The analysis of covariance included treatment and metformin dose group as main effects and baseline peak plasma glucose level as a covariate. (NCT00900146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 4
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canakinumab 5 mg + Metformin | -0.549 |
| Canakinumab 15 mg + Metformin | -0.129 |
| Canakinumab 50 mg + Metformin | -0.421 |
| Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin | -0.333 |
| Placebo + Metformin | -0.212 |
A standard liquid mixed-meal challenge was done at baseline and Month 4. Patients completed each standard meal challenge with measurement of glucose prior to and after a liquid mixed meal. Sampling times were -20, -10, and -1, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 240 minutes relative to the start of meal. Glucose levels over 4 hrs were shown as Area Under the Curve,(AUC). AUC was calculated as: x=1 AUC ΣAx n Where Ax = AUC for the 240 min.interval, and X = 1 for the 1st interval. The model of analysis of covariance included baseline plasma glucose AUC 0-4 hours as a covariate. (NCT00900146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 4
| Intervention | mmol*hour/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canakinumab 5 mg + Metformin | -0.999 |
| Canakinumab 15 mg + Metformin | -1.012 |
| Canakinumab 50 mg + Metformin | -2.103 |
| Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin | 1.618 |
| Placebo + Metformin | -0.851 |
The Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) score, measures insulin sensitivity which is the inverse of insulin resistance. The score is calculated by the equation: 1 /(log(fasting insulin µU/mL) + log(fasting glucose mg/dL)). In normal subjects, the mean score ± SE is 0.366 ± 0.029. The analysis of covariance included treatment and metformin dose group as main effects and baseline QUICKI as a covariate. (NCT00900146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 4
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canakinumab 5 mg + Metformin | -0.001 |
| Canakinumab 15 mg + Metformin | 0.000 |
| Canakinumab 50 mg + Metformin | -0.003 |
| Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin | -0.001 |
| Placebo + Metformin | 0.000 |
Adverse events are defined as any unfavorable and unintended diagnosis, symptom, sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), syndrome or disease which either occurs during study, having been absent at baseline, or, if present at baseline, appears to worsen. Serious adverse events are any untoward medical occurrences that result in death, are life threatening, require (or prolong) hospitalization, cause persistent or significant disability/incapacity, result in congenital anomalies or birth defects, or are other conditions which in judgment of investigators represent significant hazards. (NCT00900146)
Timeframe: 4 months (Period II)
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Any Adverse Events | Death | Serious Adverse Events | |
| Canakinumab 15 mg + Metformin | 43 | 0 | 1 |
| Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin | 43 | 0 | 5 |
| Canakinumab 5 mg + Metformin | 33 | 0 | 2 |
| Canakinumab 50 mg + Metformin | 45 | 0 | 2 |
| Placebo + Metformin | 76 | 0 | 6 |
The fasting lipid profiles included triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), calculated very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), non-HDL cholesterol. Percentage change was measured as [(value at month 4 - baseline value)/baseline value]*100%. The analysis of covariance model included treatment and metformin dose group as main effects and baseline triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, VLDL and non-HDL as covariates. (NCT00900146)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 4
| Intervention | percent change (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total cholesterol (n = 91, 93, 88, 91, 172) | Triglycerides (n = 91, 93, 88, 91, 172) | LDL (n = 90, 90, 85, 87, 165) | HDL (n = 91, 93, 88, 91, 172) | VLDL (n= 90, 90, 85, 87, 165) | Non-HDL (n = 91, 93, 88, 91, 172) | |
| Canakinumab 15 mg + Metformin | 3.922 | 7.903 | 4.741 | 5.346 | 6.711 | 4.40 |
| Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin | 6.265 | 18.795 | 5.938 | 6.780 | 16.618 | 7.25 |
| Canakinumab 5 mg + Metformin | 3.163 | 16.127 | 2.624 | 1.438 | 15.646 | 4.25 |
| Canakinumab 50 mg + Metformin | 5.334 | 19.937 | 2.705 | 8.074 | 16.533 | 5.17 |
| Placebo + Metformin | 2.697 | 7.009 | 5.129 | 3.963 | 7.370 | 3.04 |
"Absolute change = HbA1c value at Week 24 minus HbA1c value at baseline. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug, on or before Visit 12 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 12 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required.~The Placebo (Two-step Titration) and Placebo (One-step Titration) Arms/Groups were combined as pre-specified in the study protocol" (NCT00763451)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo (Combined) | -0.42 |
| Lixisenatide (Two-Step Titration) | -0.83 |
| Lixisenatide (One-Step Titration) | -0.92 |
Change was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug, on or before Visit 12 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 12 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00763451)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | kilogram (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo (Combined) | -1.63 |
| Lixisenatide (Two-Step Titration) | -2.68 |
| Lixisenatide (One-Step Titration) | -2.63 |
Change was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to 1 day after the last dose of study drug, on or before Visit 12 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 12 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00763451)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo (Combined) | 0.11 |
| Lixisenatide (Two-Step Titration) | -0.56 |
| Lixisenatide (One-Step Titration) | -0.53 |
Routine fasting self-measured plasma glucose (SMPG) and central laboratory FPG (and HbA1c after week 12) values were used to determine the requirement of rescue medication. If fasting SMPG value exceeded the specified limit for 3 consecutive days, the central laboratory FPG (and HbA1c after week 12) were performed. Threshold values - from baseline to Week 8: fasting SMPG/FPG >270 milligram/deciliter (mg/dL) (15.0 mmol/L), from Week 8 to Week 12: fasting SMPG/FPG >240 mg/dL (13.3 mmol/L), and from Week 12 to Week 24: fasting SMPG/FPG >200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or HbA1c >8.5%. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00763451)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo (Combined) | 4.4 |
| Lixisenatide (Two-Step Titration) | 3.1 |
| Lixisenatide (One-Step Titration) | 1.3 |
The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug, on or before Visit 12 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 12 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00763451)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo (Combined) | 15.2 |
| Lixisenatide (Two-Step Titration) | 25.8 |
| Lixisenatide (One-Step Titration) | 19.6 |
The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug, on or before Visit 12 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 12 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00763451)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo (Combined) | 24.1 |
| Lixisenatide (Two-Step Titration) | 42.1 |
| Lixisenatide (One-Step Titration) | 47.4 |
The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is time from the first dose of study drug and up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug, on or before Visit 12 (Week 24) or Day 169 if Visit 12 is not available, and before the introduction of rescue therapy. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT00763451)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo (Combined) | 7.6 |
| Lixisenatide (Two-Step Titration) | 20.4 |
| Lixisenatide (One-Step Titration) | 25.6 |
Symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event with clinical symptoms that were considered to result from a hypoglycemic episode with an accompanying plasma glucose less than 60 mg/dL (3.3 mmol/L) or associated with prompt recovery after oral carbohydrate, intravenous glucose, or glucagon administration if no plasma glucose measurement was available. Severe symptomatic hypoglycemia was symptomatic hypoglycemia event in which the patient required the assistance of another person and was associated with either a plasma glucose level below 36 mg/dL (2.0 mmol/L) or prompt recovery after oral carbohydrate, intravenous glucose, or glucagon administration, if no plasma glucose measurement was available. (NCT00763451)
Timeframe: First dose of study drug up to 3 days after the last dose administration, for up to 112 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Symptomatic hypoglycemia | Severe symptomatic hypoglycemia | |
| Lixisenatide (One-Step Titration) | 6 | 0 |
| Lixisenatide (Two-Step Titration) | 12 | 0 |
| Placebo (Combined) | 12 | 0 |
To compare the change in 2-hour post liquid meal glucose rise achieved with dapagliflozin versus placebo from baseline to week 24. (NCT00984867)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -6.84 |
| Dapagliflozin | -21.65 |
To compare the change in total body weight achieved with dapagliflozin versus placebo from baseline to week 24. (NCT00984867)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.26 |
| Dapagliflozin | -2.14 |
To compare the change in FPG achieved with dapagliflozin versus placebo from baseline to week 24. (NCT00984867)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 3.81 |
| Dapagliflozin | -24.11 |
To compare the change in HbA1c in participants with baseline HbA1c ≥8% achieved with dapagliflozin versus placebo from baseline to week 24. (NCT00984867)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.03 |
| Dapagliflozin | -0.80 |
To compare the change from baseline in HbA1c after 24 weeks treatment (LOCF) between dapagliflozin and placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes who are inadequately controlled on sitagliptin alone or on sitagliptin plus metformin. (NCT00984867)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.04 |
| Dapagliflozin | -0.45 |
To compare the change in seated systolic blood pressure (SBP) in participants with baseline seated SBP >=130 achieved with dapagliflozin versus placebo from baseline to week 8. (NCT00984867)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 8
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -5.12 |
| Dapagliflozin | -5.98 |
To compare the proportion of participants achieving a therapeutic glycaemic response, defined as a reduction in HbA1c of ≥0.7% compared to baseline, with dapagliflozin versus placebo at week 24. Least Squares Mean represents the percent of participants adjusted for HbA1c baseline value. (NCT00984867)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 16.6 |
| Dapagliflozin | 35.3 |
"Investigator defined Hypoglycaemic events. For documentation of hypoglycemic events, the following criteria were taken into consideration:~Asymptomatic hypoglycemia: the event was not accompanied by typical symptoms of hypoglycemia but with a measured plasma glucose of ≤70 mg/dL (≤3.9 mmol/L)~Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia with glucose of ≥54 mg/dL and ≤70 mg/dL (≥3.0 mmol/L and ≤3.9 mmol/L)~Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia with glucose of <54 mg/dL (<3.0 mmol/L): the event was accompanied by typical symptoms of hypoglycemia but in no need for external assistance~Severe hypoglycemic episode: the event required the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions" (NCT00881530)
Timeframe: 78 weeks plus 1 week of follow-up
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Empagliflozin 10 mg | 0.9 |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 1.8 |
| Metformin | 7.1 |
| Empagliflozin 10 mg + Metformin | 2.4 |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg + Metformin | 3.6 |
| Sitaglipin + Metformin | 5.4 |
Baseline source: before first intake of active treatment (preceding trial or Open label extension) (NCT00881530)
Timeframe: Weeks 1, 6, 18, 30, 42, 54, 66 and 78
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 6 (N=102, 108, 55, 156, 160, 53) | Week 18 (N=94, 103, 51, 144, 153, 45) | Week 30 (N=92, 101, 51, 133, 147, 43) | Week 42 (N=85, 93, 46, 126, 140, 42) | Week 54 (N=80, 88, 44, 124, 134, 39) | Week 66 (N=80, 86, 43, 116, 125, 38) | Week 78 (N=72, 84, 43, 112, 121, 36) | |
| Empagliflozin 10 mg | -30.6 | -35.5 | -32.3 | -35.8 | -32.1 | -28.0 | -27.9 |
| Empagliflozin 10 mg + Metformin | -25.7 | -30.6 | -29.9 | -30.8 | -28.2 | -21.7 | -24.7 |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | -35.8 | -33.7 | -35.0 | -31.3 | -31.0 | -28.6 | -25.4 |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg + Metformin | -36.7 | -37.6 | -37.9 | -36.8 | -36.8 | -29.6 | -31.9 |
| Metformin | -29.9 | -30.4 | -28.5 | -31.0 | -31.8 | -26.4 | -22.9 |
| Sitaglipin + Metformin | -32.6 | -16.7 | -25.6 | -18.5 | -29.4 | -32.5 | -25.7 |
Baseline source: before first intake of active treatment (preceding trial or Open label extension) (NCT00881530)
Timeframe: Weeks 1, 6, 18, 30, 42, 54, 66 and 78
| Intervention | percentage of HbA1c (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 6 (N=104, 108, 55, 162, 163, 54) | Week 18 (N=93, 105, 53, 149, 157, 48) | Week 30 (N=93, 99, 50, 140, 151, 45) | Week 42 (N=85, 93, 46, 132, 140, 44) | Week 54 (N=78, 85, 44, 128, 136, 41) | Week 66 (N=80, 87, 43, 120, 127, 39) | Week 78 (N=72, 84, 42, 115, 121, 38) | |
| Empagliflozin 10 mg | -0.40 | -0.58 | -0.47 | -0.59 | -0.66 | -0.55 | -0.50 |
| Empagliflozin 10 mg + Metformin | -0.36 | -0.51 | -0.58 | -0.65 | -0.62 | -0.59 | -0.56 |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | -0.57 | -0.72 | -0.61 | -0.74 | -0.71 | -0.71 | -0.55 |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg + Metformin | -0.55 | -0.70 | -0.76 | -0.79 | -0.75 | -0.73 | -0.71 |
| Metformin | -1.03 | -0.92 | -0.95 | -1.10 | -1.13 | -1.04 | -0.80 |
| Sitaglipin + Metformin | -0.75 | -0.79 | -0.68 | -0.51 | -0.79 | -0.78 | -0.66 |
Change from baseline to week 78 in lipid parameters (Total cholesterol, High-density lipoprotein (HDL), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and Triglyceride) (NCT00881530)
Timeframe: Weeks 1 and 78
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Cholesterol | HDL | LDL (N=102, 108, 52, 161, 159, 55) | Triglyceride | |
| Empagliflozin 10 mg | -0.13 | 0.08 | -0.02 | -0.5 |
| Empagliflozin 10 mg + Metformin | 0.19 | 0.06 | 0.13 | 0.1 |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.05 | -0.0 |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg + Metformin | 0.13 | 0.07 | 0.07 | -0.1 |
| Metformin | -0.24 | 0.06 | -0.13 | -0.5 |
| Sitaglipin + Metformin | -0.05 | 0.03 | 0.00 | -0.2 |
Clinical Relevant Abnormalities for Physical Examination, Vital Signs, ECG and Laboratory Measurements. New abnormal findings or worsening of baseline conditions were reported as treatment related Adverse Events. (NCT00881530)
Timeframe: 78 weeks plus 1 week of follow-up
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alanine aminotransferase increased | Aspartate aminotransferase increased | Gamma-glutamyltransferase increased | Blood alkaline phosphatase increased | Blood creatine phosphokinase increased | Granulocyte count decreased | Hepatic enzyme increased | Blood creatinine increased | Creatinine renal clearance decreased | Weight decreased | Sick sinus syndrome | Tachycardia | |
| Empagliflozin 10 mg | 0.9 | 1.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
| Empagliflozin 10 mg + Metformin | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 1.8 |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg + Metformin | 0.6 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.6 |
| Metformin | 3.6 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Sitaglipin + Metformin | 1.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Occurence of a treat-to-target response, defined as HbA1c < 7.0% over time (NCT00881530)
Timeframe: Weeks 1, 6, 18, 30, 42, 54, 66 and 78
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 6 (N=104, 108, 55, 162, 163, 54) | Week 18 (N=93, 105, 53, 149, 157, 48) | Week 30 (N=93, 99, 50, 140, 151, 45) | Week 42 (N=85, 93, 46, 132, 140, 44) | Week 54 (N=78, 85, 44, 128, 136, 41) | Week 66 (N=80, 87, 43, 120, 127, 39) | Week 78 (N=72, 84, 42, 115, 121, 38) | |
| Empagliflozin 10 mg | 26.9 | 33.3 | 34.4 | 41.2 | 43.6 | 31.3 | 31.9 |
| Empagliflozin 10 mg + Metformin | 24.1 | 31.5 | 28.6 | 39.4 | 35.9 | 35.8 | 27.0 |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 25.0 | 33.3 | 29.3 | 40.9 | 32.9 | 39.1 | 32.1 |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg + Metformin | 25.2 | 37.6 | 45.7 | 47.1 | 47.8 | 48.0 | 44.6 |
| Metformin | 45.5 | 45.3 | 42.0 | 52.2 | 56.8 | 44.2 | 31.0 |
| Sitaglipin + Metformin | 35.2 | 35.4 | 28.9 | 25.0 | 29.3 | 38.5 | 36.8 |
Occurrence of a Relative Efficacy Response (HbA1c Lowered by at least >=0.5% over time) (NCT00881530)
Timeframe: Weeks 1, 6, 18, 30, 42, 54, 66 and 78
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 6 (N=104, 108, 55, 162, 163, 54) | Week 18 (N=93, 105, 53, 149, 157, 48) | Week 30 (N=93, 99, 50, 140, 151, 45) | Week 42 (N=85, 93, 46, 132, 140, 44) | Week 54 (N=78, 85, 44, 128, 136, 41) | Week 66 (N=80, 87, 43, 120, 127, 39) | Week 78 (N=72, 84, 42, 115, 121, 38) | |
| Empagliflozin 10 mg | 42.3 | 51.6 | 50.5 | 58.8 | 62.8 | 53.8 | 50.0 |
| Empagliflozin 10 mg + Metformin | 41.4 | 53.7 | 55.0 | 62.1 | 59.4 | 55.0 | 56.5 |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 50.9 | 61.9 | 55.6 | 60.2 | 58.8 | 56.3 | 50.0 |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg + Metformin | 56.4 | 61.8 | 63.6 | 66.4 | 65.4 | 64.6 | 64.5 |
| Metformin | 80.0 | 77.4 | 78.0 | 82.6 | 81.8 | 76.7 | 66.7 |
| Sitaglipin + Metformin | 63.0 | 66.7 | 68.9 | 54.5 | 58.5 | 66.7 | 60.5 |
Occurrence of a Treat-to-target Response, defined as HbA1c < 6.5% over time (NCT00881530)
Timeframe: Weeks 1, 6, 18, 30, 42, 54, 66 and 78
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 6 (N=104, 108, 55, 162, 163, 54) | Week 18 (N=93, 105, 53, 149, 157, 48) | Week 30 (N=93, 99, 50, 140, 151, 45) | Week 42 (N=85, 93, 46, 132, 140, 44) | Week 54 (N=78, 85, 44, 128, 136, 41) | Week 66 (N=80, 87, 43, 120, 127, 39) | Week 78 (N=72, 84, 42, 115, 121, 38) | |
| Empagliflozin 10 mg | 3.8 | 11.8 | 8.6 | 11.8 | 11.5 | 10.0 | 6.9 |
| Empagliflozin 10 mg + Metformin | 6.2 | 4.7 | 8.6 | 10.6 | 10.9 | 8.3 | 10.4 |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | 11.1 | 12.4 | 10.1 | 10.8 | 5.9 | 11.5 | 8.3 |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg + Metformin | 6.7 | 5.1 | 10.6 | 21.4 | 15.4 | 12.6 | 13.2 |
| Metformin | 16.4 | 13.2 | 14.0 | 21.7 | 18.2 | 14.0 | 9.5 |
| Sitaglipin + Metformin | 11.1 | 12.5 | 4.4 | 9.1 | 9.8 | 15.4 | 18.4 |
Percent incidence of all-cause mortality is reported as the percentage of participants who died due to any cause. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 7.5 |
| Placebo | 7.3 |
Percent incidence of all-cause mortality is reported as the percentage of participants who died due to any cause. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 4.7 |
| Placebo | 4.3 |
Percent incidence of CHF requiring hospitalization was reported as the percentage of participants who were admitted to the hospital for CHF. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 3.1 |
| Placebo | 3.1 |
Percent incidence of CHF requiring hospitalization was reported as the percentage of participants who were admitted to the hospital for CHF. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 2.8 |
| Placebo | 2.8 |
Chronic insulin therapy is defined as a continuous period of insulin use of more than 3 months. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 9.7 |
| Placebo | 13.2 |
Chronic insulin therapy is defined as a continuous period of insulin use of more than 3 months. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 8.6 |
| Placebo | 11.9 |
Primary composite CV endpoint of MACE plus which includes CV-related death, nonfatal MI, nonfatal stroke, or unstable angina requiring hospitalization. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 9.6 |
| Placebo | 9.6 |
CV composite endpoint of MACE which includes CV-related death, nonfatal MI, or nonfatal stroke. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 10.2 |
| Placebo | 10.2 |
CV composite endpoint of MACE which includes CV-related death, nonfatal MI, or nonfatal stroke. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 8.4 |
| Placebo | 8.3 |
Primary composite CV endpoint of MACE plus which includes CV-related death, nonfatal MI, nonfatal stroke, or unstable angina requiring hospitalization. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 11.4 |
| Placebo | 11.6 |
In participants not receiving insulin at baseline, time to addition of first co-interventional agent (i.e., next oral AHA or chronic insulin, where chronic insulin therapy is defined as a continuous period of insulin use of more than 3 months.) (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 21.7 |
| Placebo | 27.9 |
In participants not receiving insulin at baseline, time to addition of first co-interventional agent (i.e., next oral antihyperglycemic agent [AHA] or chronic insulin, where chronic insulin therapy is defined as a continuous period of insulin use of more than 3 months.) (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Up to 5 years
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 18.9 |
| Placebo | 24.5 |
HbA1c is a measure of the percentage of glycated hemoglobin in the blood. Estimated mean difference between sitagliptin and placebo controlling for baseline HbA1c and region. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to 4 years
| Intervention | Percentage of HbA1c (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month 4: Sitagliptin, n= 6772; Placebo, n= 6738 | Month 8: Sitagliptin, n= 6478; Placebo, n= 6414 | Month 12: Sitagliptin, n= 6448; Placebo, n= 6384 | Month 24: Sitagliptin, n= 6105; Placebo, n= 5975 | Month 36: Sitagliptin, n= 3521; Placebo, n= 3439 | Month 48: Sitagliptin, n= 1432; Placebo, n= 1383 | Month 60: Sitagliptin, n= 123; Placebo, n= 128 | |
| Placebo | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
| Sitagliptin | -0.3 | -0.2 | -0.2 | -0.1 | -0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
HbA1c is a measure of the percentage of glycated hemoglobin in the blood. Estimated mean difference between sitagliptin and placebo controlling for baseline HbA1c and region. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to 4 years
| Intervention | Percentage of HbA1c (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month 4; Sitagliptin, n=6632, Placebo, n=6588 | Month 8; Sitagliptin, n=6294, Placebo, n=6197 | Month 12; Sitagliptin, n=6217, Placebo, n=6092 | Month 24; Sitagliptin, n=5668, Placebo, n=5475 | Month 36; Sitagliptin, n=3227, Placebo, n=3083 | Month 48; Sitagliptin, n=1271, Placebo, n=1224 | Month 60; Sitagliptin, n=106, Placebo, n=108 | |
| Placebo | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
| Sitagliptin | -0.3 | -0.3 | -0.2 | -0.1 | -0.1 | 0.0 | -0.1 |
Change in renal function based on eGFR using the MDRD method. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to 5 years
| Intervention | mL/min/1.73 m^2 (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month 4; Sitagliptin, n=3949; Placebo, n=3977 | Month 8; Sitagliptin, n=3687; Placebo, n=3648 | Month 12; Sitagliptin, n=5082; Placebo, n=5015 | Month 24; Sitagliptin, n=5157; Placebo, n=5071 | Month 36; Sitagliptin, n=3037; Placebo, n=2942 | Month 48; Sitagliptin, n=1237; Placebo, n=1210 | Month 60; Sitagliptin, n=93; Placebo, n=106 | |
| Placebo | -0.8 | -0.9 | -0.5 | -1.7 | -1.6 | -2.8 | -5.7 |
| Sitagliptin | -1.8 | -2.4 | -1.8 | -3.2 | -3.8 | -4.0 | -4.2 |
Change in renal function based on estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease [MDRD] method. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to 5 years
| Intervention | mL/min/1.73 m^2 (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month 4; Sitagliptin, n= 3859; Placebo, n= 3864 | Month 8; Sitagliptin, n= 3562; Placebo, n= 3501 | Month 12; Sitagliptin, n=4912, Placebo, n=4778 | Month 24; Sitagliptin, n=4782, Placebo, n=4637 | Month 36; Sitagliptin, n=2776, Placebo, n=2614 | Month 48; Sitagliptin, n=1096, Placebo, n=1056 | Month 60; Sitagliptin, n=79, Placebo, n=88 | |
| Placebo | -0.8 | -0.9 | -0.5 | -1.7 | -1.6 | -2.8 | -6.4 |
| Sitagliptin | -1.9 | -2.5 | -1.8 | -3.1 | -3.7 | -3.7 | -3.5 |
Change from baseline reflects the difference between the urine albumin:creatinine ratio reported time point and baseline value. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to 5 years
| Intervention | g/mol Creatinine (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month 4; n=677, n=713 | Month 8; n=658, n=624 | Month 12; n=1167, n=1115 | Month 24; n=1011, n=964 | Month 36; n=537, n=553 | Month 48; n=265, n=256 | Month 60; n=14, n=18 | |
| Placebo | -1.4 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 3.1 | 3.9 | 1.6 | 6.4 |
| Sitagliptin | -2.1 | 2.1 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 2.6 | 1.9 | -2.5 |
Change from baseline reflects the difference between the urine albumin:creatinine ratio reported time point and baseline value. (NCT00790205)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to 5 years
| Intervention | g/mol Creatinine (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month 4; Sitagliptin, n=664; Placebo, n=688 | Month 8; Sitagliptin, n=635; Placebo, n=597 | Month 12; Sitagliptin, n=1126; Placebo, n=1059 | Month 24; Sitagliptin, n=930; Placebo, n=892 | Month 36; Sitagliptin, n=488; Placebo, n=513 | Month 48; Sitagliptin, n=238; Placebo, n=233 | Month 60; Sitagliptin, n=13; Placebo, n=17 | |
| Placebo | -1.4 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 3.2 | 4.0 | 1.5 | 4.8 |
| Sitagliptin | -2.2 | 1.7 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 2.5 | 1.3 | -2.7 |
Grip strength over time. (NCT03772964)
Timeframe: Day 0 (baseline), 90, and 120 (30 days post metformin exposure)
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 days | 90 days, compared to 0 days | 120 days, compared to 0 days | |
| 1000mg Exposure | 28.9 | -0.4 | 1.1 |
| 1500mg Exposure | 25.7 | -.2 | .3 |
| 500mg Exposure | 28.2 | -5.3 | .1 |
| Placebo | 25.7 | -.3 | -.6 |
The SPPB is a group of measures that combines the results of the gait speed, chair stand and balance tests. The minimum is zero (worse performance) and the maximum is 12 (best performance). (NCT03772964)
Timeframe: Day 0 (baseline), 90, and 120 (30 days post metformin exposure)
| Intervention | Units on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 0d | 90d, change from 0d | 120d, change from 0d | |
| 1000mg Exposure | 10.8 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
| 1500mg Exposure | 11.1 | 0.4 | 0.3 |
| 500mg Exposure | 11.2 | -0.3 | 0 |
| Placebo | 10.6 | 1.0 | 0.5 |
Aggregometry area under the curve with the Y-axis being % aggregometry and the X-axis time in minutes. (NCT03772964)
Timeframe: Day 0 (baseline), 30, 60, 90, and 120 (30 days post metformin exposure)
| Intervention | arbitrary units*mins (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 days | 30 day change from day 0 | 60 days change from day 0 | 90 days change from day 0 | 120 days change from day 0 | |
| 1000mg Exposure | 67 | 8.9 | -23.5 | 2.4 | 1.0 |
| 1500mg Exposure | 196 | -166.7 | -139.8 | -222.5 | -196.7 |
| 500mg Exposure | 56.3 | -34.7 | -28.3 | 1.6 | -49.2 |
| Placebo | 83.3 | -29.6 | -49.4 | -66.6 | -47.6 |
"Bacterial communities using 16S rRNA sequencing in relationship to metformin dosing over time. Species richness or diversity in the sample is measured by Choa1 metric. Chao1 is an estimate of how many species are present in an ecosystem. In general, having more species is considered to be healthier and these values typically range from 100-200 for fecal samples. The Chao1 index over numerous samples across time are explored to understand treatment effects." (NCT03772964)
Timeframe: Day 0 (baseline), 30, 60, 90, and 120 (30 days post metformin exposure)
| Intervention | Index (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 0 | Day 30 | Day 60 | Day 90 | Day 120 | |
| 1000mg Exposure | 107.6 | 130.7 | 137.9 | 135 | 142.2 |
| 1500mg Exposure | 128.1 | 128.1 | 128.6 | 138.2 | 144.2 |
| 500mg Exposure | 136.5 | 139.9 | 121.4 | 137.8 | 134 |
| Placebo | 141.5 | 144.75 | 134.3 | 152 | 159.2 |
The change from Baseline to Week 26 in HbA1c (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound). (NCT01023581)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.
| Intervention | percentage glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.15 |
| Alogliptin 25 QD | -0.52 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 BID | -0.56 |
| Metformin 500 BID | -0.65 |
| Metformin 1000 BID | -1.11 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 BID + Metformin 500 BID | -1.22 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 BID + Metformin 1000 BID | -1.55 |
The change from Baseline in fasting plasma glucose was assessed at Weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26. Least Squares Means were from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as fixed effects, and baseline fasting plasma glucose as a covariate. (NCT01023581)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 1 (n=102, 103, 94, 95, 104, 101, 109) | Week 2 (n=105, 112, 105, 102, 108, 106, 111) | Week 4 (n=105, 112, 106, 106, 110, 106, 111) | Week 8 (n=105, 112, 106, 106, 110, 106, 112) | Week 12 (n=105, 112, 106, 106, 110, 106, 112) | Week 16 (n=105, 112, 106, 106, 110, 106, 112) | Week 20 (n=105, 112, 106, 106, 110, 106, 112) | Week 26 (n=105, 112, 106, 106, 110, 106, 112) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 BID | -11.9 | -11.6 | -16.6 | -12.1 | -14.7 | -14.7 | -12.3 | -9.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 BID + Metformin 1000 BID | -36.3 | -43.6 | -44.1 | -43.8 | -44.7 | -47.7 | -44.6 | -45.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 BID + Metformin 500 BID | -32.7 | -34.5 | -37.6 | -32.9 | -31.6 | -35.9 | -33.8 | -31.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 QD | -3.9 | -7.4 | -11.5 | -10.9 | -9.7 | -7.1 | -9.2 | -6.1 |
| Metformin 1000 BID | -23.1 | -22.2 | -29.0 | -30.7 | -30.7 | -33.5 | -35.1 | -31.9 |
| Metformin 500 BID | -12.6 | -14.5 | -16.9 | -11.8 | -14.0 | -13.3 | -10.9 | -11.5 |
| Placebo | 5.7 | 4.6 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 11.6 | 10.1 | 8.7 | 12.4 |
"The change from Baseline in HbA1c (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20.~Least squares means are from an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model with treatment and geographic region as fixed effects, and baseline HbA1c as a covariate." (NCT01023581)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20.
| Intervention | percentage glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=95, 97, 89, 94, 102, 94, 101) | Week 8 (n=102, 104, 104, 103, 108, 102, 111) | Week 12 (n=102, 104, 104, 103, 108, 102, 111) | Week 16 (n=102, 104, 104, 103, 108, 102, 111) | Week 20 (n=102, 104, 104, 103, 108, 102, 111) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 BID | -0.42 | -0.58 | -0.62 | -0.63 | -0.59 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 BID + Metformin 1000 BID | -0.75 | -1.17 | -1.40 | -1.50 | -1.54 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 BID + Metformin 500 BID | -0.70 | -1.08 | -1.22 | -1.26 | -1.25 |
| Alogliptin 25 QD | -0.34 | -0.51 | -0.53 | -0.58 | -0.57 |
| Metformin 1000 BID | -0.58 | -0.86 | -1.02 | -1.09 | -1.14 |
| Metformin 500 BID | -0.37 | -0.59 | -0.68 | -0.72 | -0.68 |
| Placebo | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.12 |
Corresponds to the values of change in body weight in kilograms from baseline to week 26. (NCT01388361)
Timeframe: week 0, week 26
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| IDeg | 0.1 |
| IDeg + Liraglutide | -1.0 |
| IDeg + IAsp OD | 0.3 |
Values for change in FPG in mmol/L from baseline to week 26 of randomised period. (NCT01388361)
Timeframe: week 0, week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| IDeg | -1.23 |
| IDeg + Liraglutide | -0.14 |
| IDeg + IAsp OD | -0.04 |
Values for change in HbA1c from baseline to 26 weeks of treatment period. (NCT01388361)
Timeframe: week 0, week 26
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean) |
|---|---|
| IDeg | 0.10 |
| IDeg + Liraglutide | -0.74 |
| IDeg + IAsp OD | -0.39 |
Corresponds to number of treatment emergent hypoglycaemic events from onset on or after the first day of exposure to investigational product and no later than 7 days after last exposure to investigational product. Confirmed hypoglycaemia was defined as the pool of severe hypoglycaemic episodes and minor episodes with a plasma glucose (PG) value < 3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL). (NCT01388361)
Timeframe: Onset on or after the first day of exposure to investigational product for 26 weeks of treatment period and no later than 7 days after last exposure to investigational product.
| Intervention | events (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Confirmed(severe+minor) | Severe | |
| IDeg | 313 | 1 |
| IDeg + IAsp OD | 330 | 0 |
| IDeg + Liraglutide | 40 | 0 |
Change in BMI (body mass index) from study start to 16 weeks (NCT02613897)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 16 weeks
| Intervention | Kg/m^2 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| DAPA/SAXA (Dapagliflozin Plus Saxagliptin) | -0.8 |
| DAPA (Dapagliflozin Plus Placebo) | -0.66 |
| PCB (Placebo Plus Placebo) | 0.16 |
Change in body weight from baseline to 16 weeks (NCT02613897)
Timeframe: Baseline to 16 weeks
| Intervention | Kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| DAPA/SAXA (Dapagliflozin Plus Saxagliptin) | -2.28 |
| DAPA (Dapagliflozin Plus Placebo) | -1.76 |
| PCB (Placebo Plus Placebo) | 0.26 |
A measure of the change in fasting plasma glucagon from study start to 16 weeks (NCT02613897)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 16 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dl (Mean) |
|---|---|
| DAPA/SAXA (Dapagliflozin Plus Saxagliptin) | -28.52 |
| DAPA (Dapagliflozin Plus Placebo) | 26.89 |
| PCB (Placebo Plus Placebo) | 6.88 |
Measure of change in Free Fatty Acids from study start to 16 weeks (NCT02613897)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 16 weeks
| Intervention | mEq/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| DAPA/SAXA (Dapagliflozin Plus Saxagliptin) | -0.06 |
| DAPA (Dapagliflozin Plus Placebo) | -0.01 |
| PCB (Placebo Plus Placebo) | 0.00 |
Change in percentage of glucose oxidation from study start to 16 weeks (NCT02613897)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 16 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of oxidation (Mean) |
|---|---|
| DAPA/SAXA (Dapagliflozin Plus Saxagliptin) | -22.07 |
| DAPA (Dapagliflozin Plus Placebo) | -46.54 |
| PCB (Placebo Plus Placebo) | 4.65 |
Change in lipid oxidation percentage from baseline to 16 weeks (NCT02613897)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 16 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of oxidation (Mean) |
|---|---|
| DAPA/SAXA (Dapagliflozin Plus Saxagliptin) | -11.87 |
| DAPA (Dapagliflozin Plus Placebo) | 22.02 |
| PCB (Placebo Plus Placebo) | -6.69 |
Change in blood glucose level measured over a 3 month period from study start to 16 weeks (NCT02613897)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 16 weeks
| Intervention | percentage change in blood glucose level (Mean) |
|---|---|
| DAPA/SAXA (Dapagliflozin Plus Saxagliptin) | -1.67 |
| DAPA (Dapagliflozin Plus Placebo) | -1.46 |
| PCB (Placebo Plus Placebo) | 0.44 |
Measure of change in OGTT from study start to 16 weeks (NCT02613897)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 16 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dl (Mean) |
|---|---|
| DAPA/SAXA (Dapagliflozin Plus Saxagliptin) | -49.62 |
| DAPA (Dapagliflozin Plus Placebo) | -44.24 |
| PCB (Placebo Plus Placebo) | 20.26 |
All subjects received a Double-Tracer Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) with 75g of glucose containing 14C-glucose together with intravenous primed-continuous infusion of 3(3H)-glucose for 240 minutes, at baseline (prior to) and after 16 weeks of therapy. Blood and urine samples were obtained during the OGTT to determine EGP. (NCT02613897)
Timeframe: Baseline and 16 weeks
| Intervention | mg/kg*min (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline Measurement | 16 weeks | |
| DAPA (Dapagliflozin Plus Placebo) | 2.56 | 2.8 |
| DAPA/SAXA (Dapagliflozin Plus Saxagliptin) | 2.45 | 2.4 |
| PCB (Placebo Plus Placebo) | 1.95 | 2.15 |
Change from baseline of Fasting Plasma glucose (FPG) 3 hours and 35 minutes before meal at day 1 (NCT01248364)
Timeframe: Baseline and day 1
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| T2DM Naive | 0.20 |
| T2DM Metformin | 0.39 |
| Impaired Glucose Tolerance | -0.96 |
| Healthy Subjects | -0.47 |
"Change from baseline of Fasting Plasma glucose (FPG) 3 hours and 35 minutes before meal at day 28.~Note, healthy subjects only received a single dose of empa so assessments at day 28 are not applicable" (NCT01248364)
Timeframe: Baseline and day 28
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| T2DM Naive | -1.02 |
| T2DM Metformin | -0.79 |
| Impaired Glucose Tolerance | -0.81 |
Change from baseline in the incremental area under the curve of postprandial plasma glucose from 0 to 5 hours (PPG iAUC 5h), defined as the area under the curve of timepoints 0 to 5 hours after meal reduced by the pre-meal plasma glucose at 0 hours. (NCT01248364)
Timeframe: 0 minutes (min), 15min, 30min, 45min, 1hour (h), 1h 30min, 2h, 2h 30min, 3h, 3h 30min, 4h, 4h 30min and 5h after meal at baseline and day 1
| Intervention | g/dL/h (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| T2DM Naive | -1.94 |
| T2DM Metformin | -3.52 |
| Impaired Glucose Tolerance | -5.49 |
| Healthy Subjects | -9.20 |
"Change from baseline in the incremental area under the curve of postprandial plasma glucose from 0 to 5 hours (PPG iAUC 5h), defined as the area under the curve of timepoints 0 to 5 hours after meal reduced by the pre-meal plasma glucose at 0 hours.~Note, healthy subjects only received a single dose of empa so assessments at day 28 are not applicable." (NCT01248364)
Timeframe: 0 minutes (min), 15min, 30min, 45min, 1hour (h), 1h 30min, 2h, 2h 30min, 3h, 3h 30min, 4h, 4h 30min and 5h after meal at baseline and day 28
| Intervention | g/dL/h (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| T2DM Naive | -0.71 |
| T2DM Metformin | -0.40 |
| Impaired Glucose Tolerance | -7.31 |
Change from baseline in the area under the curve of endogenous glucose production (EGP) from 0 to 5 hours (EGP AUC 5h) after meal. (NCT01248364)
Timeframe: 0 minutes (min), 15min, 30min, 45min, 1hour (h), 1h 30min, 2h, 2h 30min, 3h, 3h 30min, 4h, 4h 30min and 5h after meal at baseline and day 1
| Intervention | g (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| T2DM Naive | 3.28 |
| T2DM Metformin | 8.76 |
| Impaired Glucose Tolerance | 3.70 |
| Healthy Subjects | 9.22 |
"Change from baseline in the area under the curve of endogenous glucose production (EGP) from 0 to 5 hours (EGP AUC 5h) after meal.~Note, healthy subjects only received a single dose of empa so assessments at day 28 are not applicable." (NCT01248364)
Timeframe: 0 minutes (min), 15min, 30min, 45min, 1hour (h), 1h 30min, 2h, 2h 30min, 3h, 3h 30min, 4h, 4h 30min and 5h after meal at baseline and day 28
| Intervention | g (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| T2DM Naive | 1.89 |
| T2DM Metformin | 5.02 |
| Impaired Glucose Tolerance | 3.14 |
Change from baseline in rate of endogenous glucose production (EGP) fast after one dose (NCT01248364)
Timeframe: Baseline and day 1
| Intervention | umol/kgFFM/min (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| T2DM Naive | 4.21 |
| T2DM Metformin | 4.51 |
| Impaired Glucose Tolerance | 3.28 |
| Healthy Subjects | 1.10 |
"Change from baseline in rate of endogenous glucose production (EGP) fast after 28 days of treatment.~Note, healthy subjects only received a single dose of empa so assessments at day 28 are not applicable." (NCT01248364)
Timeframe: Baseline and day 28
| Intervention | umol/kgFFM/min (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| T2DM Naive | 2.79 |
| T2DM Metformin | 4.63 |
| Impaired Glucose Tolerance | 1.47 |
Change from baseline in the incremental area under the curve of endogenous glucose production from 0 to 5 hours (EGP iAUC 5h), defined as the area under the curve of timepoints 0 to 5 hours after meal reduced by the pre-meal endogenous glucose production at 0 hour. (NCT01248364)
Timeframe: 0 minutes (min), 15min, 30min, 45min, 1hour (h), 1h 30min, 2h, 2h 30min, 3h, 3h 30min, 4h, 4h 30min and 5h after drug administration at baseline and day 1
| Intervention | g (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| T2DM Naive | -8.52 |
| T2DM Metformin | -7.22 |
| Impaired Glucose Tolerance | -3.75 |
| Healthy Subjects | 1.28 |
"Change from baseline in the incremental area under the curve of endogenous glucose production from 0 to 5 hours (EGP iAUC 5h), defined as the area under the curve of timepoints 0 to 5 hours after meal reduced by the pre-meal endogenous glucose production at 0 hour.~Note, healthy subjects only received a single dose of empa so assessments at day 28 are not applicable." (NCT01248364)
Timeframe: 0 minutes (min), 15min, 30min, 45min, 1hour (h), 1h 30min, 2h, 2h 30min, 3h, 3h 30min, 4h, 4h 30min and 5h after drug administration at baseline and day 28
| Intervention | g (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| T2DM Naive | -6.95 |
| T2DM Metformin | -10.63 |
| Impaired Glucose Tolerance | -0.49 |
The incidence was determined by calculating the proportion of randomized participants without diabetes at randomization who either developed diabetes during the study or who were classified as having possible diabetes based on results of two oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) performed after the last follow-up visit (within 21-28 days for OGTT#1 and within 10-14 weeks for OGTT#2). (NCT00069784)
Timeframe: from randomization until the last follow-up visit or last OGTT (median duration of follow-up: 6.2 years)
| Intervention | percentage of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine | 24.7 |
| Standard Care | 31.2 |
Data on cancers that occurred in association with hospitalizations were collected systematically in both groups from the start of the study. All reported cancers occurring during the trial (new or recurrent) were adjudicated by the Event Adjudication Committee. (NCT00069784)
Timeframe: from randomization until study cut-off date (median duration of follow-up: 6.2 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine | 559 |
| Standard Care | 561 |
Number of deaths due to any cause (NCT00069784)
Timeframe: from randomization until study cut-off date (median duration of follow-up: 6.2 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine | 951 |
| Standard Care | 965 |
"The composite outcome used to analyze microvascular disease progression contained components of clinical events:~the occurrence of laser surgery or vitrectomy for diabetic retinopathy (DR);~the development of blindness due to DR;~the occurrence of renal death or renal replacement therapy; as well as the following laboratory-based events:~doubling of serum creatinine; or~progression of albuminuria (from none to microalbuminuria [at least 30 mg/g creatinine], to macroalbuminuria [at least 300 mg/g creatinine])." (NCT00069784)
Timeframe: from randomization until study cut-off date (median duration of follow-up: 6.2 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants with a composite endpoint | Endpoint's composition: vitrectomy | Endpoint's composition: laser therapy for DR | Endpoint's composition: dialysis | Endpoint's composition: renal transplant | Endpoint's composition: serum creatinine doubled | Endpoint's composition: death due to renal failure | Endpoint's composition: albuminuria progression | |
| Insulin Glargine | 1323 | 24 | 57 | 18 | 0 | 82 | 4 | 1153 |
| Standard Care | 1363 | 25 | 67 | 28 | 0 | 88 | 3 | 1171 |
"Number of participants with a first occurrence of one of the above events.~The outcome's evaluation is based on the number of such positively-adjudicated first events occurring for patients assigned to the study groups. Assessments of the above events were reviewed by the Event Adjudication Committee who was kept blinded to the group assignment of participants.~Statistical analysis is performed on the time from randomization to the first occurrence of the events. Number of participants with a composite endpoint (i.e. with first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal MI or nonfatal stroke) is provided in the first row of the statistical table." (NCT00069784)
Timeframe: from randomization until study cut-off date (median duration of follow-up: 6.2 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants with a composite endpoint | Endpoint's composition: CV death | Endpoint's composition: nonfatal MI | Endpoint's composition: nonfatal stroke | |
| Insulin Glargine | 1041 | 484 | 297 | 261 |
| Standard Care | 1013 | 476 | 282 | 256 |
"Number of participants with a first occurrence of one of the above events (revascularization procedures included coronary artery bypass graft, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) i.e. balloon, PTCA with stent, other percutaneous intervention, carotid angioplasty with/without stent, carotid endarterectomy, peripheral angioplasty with or without stent, peripheral vascular surgery, and limb amputation due to vascular disease).~The outcome's evaluation is based on the number of such positively-adjudicated first events occurring for patients assigned to the study groups. Assessments of the above events were reviewed by the Event Adjudication Committee who was kept blinded to the group assignment of participants.~Statistical analysis is performed on the time from randomization to the first occurrence of the events. Number of participants with a composite endpoint (i.e. with first occurrence of the events) is provided in the first row of the statistical table." (NCT00069784)
Timeframe: from randomization until study cut-off date (median duration of follow-up: 6.2 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants with a composite endpoint | Endpoint's composition: CV death | Endpoint's composition: nonfatal MI | Endpoint's composition: nonfatal stroke | Endpoint's composition: revascularization | Endpoint's composition: hospitalization for HF | |
| Insulin Glargine | 1792 | 350 | 257 | 231 | 763 | 249 |
| Standard Care | 1727 | 339 | 238 | 227 | 717 | 259 |
"Symptomatic hypoglycemia was defined as an event with clinical symptoms consistent with hypoglycemia, based on data recorded in the participant's diary. These were further categorized as confirmed (ie, with a concomitant home glucose reading ≤54 mg/dL [≤3.0 mmol/L]) or unconfirmed.~Severe hypoglycemia was defined as an event with clinical symptoms consistent with hypoglycemia in which the participant required the assistance of another person, and one of the following:~the event was associated with a documented self-measured or laboratory plasma glucose level ≤36 mg/dL (≤2.0 mmol/L), or~the event was associated with prompt recovery after oral carbohydrate, intravenous glucose, or glucagon administration." (NCT00069784)
Timeframe: on-treatment period (median duration of follow-up: 6.2 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with hypoglycemia events | Patients with non-severe hypoglycemia | Patients with confirmed non-severe hypoglycemia | Patients with severe hypoglycemia | |
| Insulin Glargine | 3597 | 3533 | 2581 | 352 |
| Standard Care | 1624 | 1582 | 904 | 113 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean change in 2-hour post-prandial glucose from Baseline to Week 26 for each treatment group in patients randomized to the High Glycemic Substudy. (NCT01081834)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | -118 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -126 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean change in 2-hour post-prandial glucose from Baseline to Week 26 for each treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus placebo) in the LS mean change. (NCT01081834)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 5.19 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | -42.9 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -58.8 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean change in FPG from Baseline to Week 26 for each treatment group in patients randomized to the High Glycemic Substudy. (NCT01081834)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | -81.7 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -86.3 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean change in FPG from Baseline to Week 26 for each treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus placebo) in the LS mean change. (NCT01081834)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 8.33 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | -27.2 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -35.0 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean change in HbA1c from Baseline to Week 26 for each treatment group in patients randomized to the High Glycemic Substudy. (NCT01081834)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | -2.13 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -2.56 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean change in HbA1c from Baseline to Week 26 for each treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus placebo) in the LS mean change. (NCT01081834)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.14 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | -0.77 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -1.03 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean change in SBP from Baseline to Week 26 for each treatment group in patients randomized to the High Glycemic Substudy. (NCT01081834)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | -4.47 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -4.97 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean change in SBP from Baseline to Week 26 for each treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus placebo) in the LS mean change. (NCT01081834)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.38 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | -3.34 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -5.04 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean percent change in body weight from Baseline to Week 26 for each treatment group in patients randomized to the High Glycemic Substudy. (NCT01081834)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | -3.0 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -3.8 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean percent change in body weight from Baseline to Week 26 for each treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus placebo) in the LS mean percent change. (NCT01081834)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.6 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | -2.8 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -3.9 |
The table below shows the least-squares mean percent change in HDL-C from Baseline to Week 26 for each treatment group in patients randomized to the High Glycemic Substudy. (NCT01081834)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | 2.4 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | 10.8 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean percent change in HDL-C from Baseline to Week 26 for each treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus placebo) in the LS mean percent change. (NCT01081834)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 4.4 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | 11.2 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | 10.5 |
The table below shows the least-squares mean percent change in triglycerides from Baseline to Week 26 for each treatment group in patients randomized to the High Glycemic Substudy. (NCT01081834)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | -0.6 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -12.7 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean percent change in triglycerides from Baseline to Week 26 for each treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus placebo) in the LS mean percent change. (NCT01081834)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 7.8 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | 2.5 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -2.4 |
The table below shows the percentage of patients with HbA1c <7% at Week 26 for each treatment group in patients randomized to the High Glycemic Substudy. (NCT01081834)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | 17.4 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | 11.6 |
The table below shows the percentage of patients with HbA1c <7% at Week 26. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus placebo) in the percentage. (NCT01081834)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 20.6 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | 44.5 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | 62.4 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean change in FPG from Baseline to Week 26 for each treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus placebo) in the LS mean change. (NCT01106625)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 4.11 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | -18.2 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -30.5 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean change in HbA1c from Baseline to Week 26 for each treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus placebo) in the LS mean change. (NCT01106625)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.13 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | -0.85 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -1.06 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean change in SBP from Baseline to Week 26 for each treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus placebo) in the LS mean change. (NCT01106625)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -2.65 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | -4.89 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -4.27 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean percent change in body weight from Baseline to Week 26 for each treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus placebo) in the LS mean percent change. (NCT01106625)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.7 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | -2.1 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -2.6 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean percent change in HDL-C from Baseline to Week 26 for each treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus placebo) in the LS mean percent change. (NCT01106625)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 3.2 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | 5.7 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | 6.5 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean percent change in triglycerides from Baseline to Week 26 for each treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus placebo) in the LS mean percent change. (NCT01106625)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 11.6 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | 5.4 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | 8.5 |
The table below shows the percentage of patients with HbA1c<7% at Week 26 in each treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus placebo) in the percentage. (NCT01106625)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 18 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | 43.2 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | 56.6 |
Absolute change = HbA1c value at Week 24 minus HbA1c value at baseline. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is the time from the first dose of study drug up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug or up to the introduction of rescue therapy, whichever is the earliest. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline on-treatment assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT01169779)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.47 |
| Lixisenatide | -0.83 |
The 2-hour PPG test measured blood glucose 2 hours after eating a standardized meal. Change was calculated by subtracting Baseline value from Week 24 value. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is the time from the first dose of study drug up to the last dosing day of study drug or up to the introduction of rescue therapy, whichever is the earliest. (NCT01169779)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -1.33 |
| Lixisenatide | -5.61 |
Change was calculated by subtracting Baseline value from Week 24 value. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is the time from the first dose of study drug up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug or up to the introduction of rescue therapy, whichever is the earliest. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline on-treatment assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT01169779)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | kilogram (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -1.24 |
| Lixisenatide | -1.50 |
Change was calculated by subtracting Baseline value from Week 24 value. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is the time from the first dose of study drug up to 1 day after the last dose of study drug or up to the introduction of rescue therapy, whichever is the earliest. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline on-treatment assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT01169779)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.21 |
| Lixisenatide | -0.69 |
Glucose excursion = 2-hour PPG minus plasma glucose 30 minutes prior to the standardized meal test, before study drug administration. Change was calculated by subtracting Baseline value from Week 24 value. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is the time from the first dose of study drug up to the last dosing day of study drug or up to the introduction of rescue therapy, whichever is the earliest. (NCT01169779)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.79 |
| Lixisenatide | -4.78 |
Routine fasting self-monitored plasma glucose (SMPG) and central laboratory FPG (and HbA1c after week 12) values were used to determine the requirement of rescue medication. If fasting SMPG value exceeded the specified limit for 3 consecutive days, the central laboratory FPG (and HbA1c after week 12) were performed. Threshold values - from baseline to Week 8: fasting SMPG/FPG >250 milligram/deciliter (mg/dL) (13.9 mmol/L), from Week 8 to Week 12: fasting SMPG/FPG >220 mg/dL (12.2 mmol/L), and from Week 12 to Week 24: fasting SMPG/FPG >200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or HbA1c >8.5%. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline on-treatment assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT01169779)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 6.7 |
| Lixisenatide | 3.6 |
The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is the time from the first dose of study drug up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug or up to the introduction of rescue therapy, whichever is the earliest. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline on-treatment assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT01169779)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 14.7 |
| Lixisenatide | 19.7 |
The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is the time from the first dose of study drug up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug or up to the introduction of rescue therapy, whichever is the earliest. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline on-treatment assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT01169779)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 38.8 |
| Lixisenatide | 53.0 |
The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable is the time from the first dose of study drug up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug or up to the introduction of rescue therapy, whichever is the earliest. For a patient to be included in mITT population, both baseline and at least 1 post baseline on-treatment assessment for at least 1 efficacy variable, were required. (NCT01169779)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 18.1 |
| Lixisenatide | 32.4 |
Symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event with clinical symptoms that were considered to result from a hypoglycemic episode with an accompanying plasma glucose less than 60 mg/dL (3.3 mmol/L) or associated with prompt recovery after oral carbohydrate, intravenous glucose, or glucagon administration, if no plasma glucose measurement was available. Severe symptomatic hypoglycemia was symptomatic hypoglycemia event in which the patient required the assistance of another person and was associated with either a plasma glucose level below 36 mg/dL (2.0 mmol/L) or prompt recovery after oral carbohydrate, intravenous glucose, or glucagon administration, if no plasma glucose measurement was available. (NCT01169779)
Timeframe: First dose of study drug up to 3 days after the last dose administration
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Symptomatic hypoglycemia | Severe symptomatic hypoglycemia | |
| Lixisenatide | 11 | 0 |
| Placebo | 5 | 0 |
Baseline was considered to be Day 1 pre-breakfast. The change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline values from the individual post-randomization values. If either the Baseline or post-randomization value was missing, the change from Baseline is set to missing as well. If measurements were taken in triplicate, then the mean of the triplicate measurements was used as the Baseline. (NCT01128621)
Timeframe: Baseline and at pre-breakfast on Day 1 and 24 h post-dose.
| Intervention | millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Part A | 0.17 |
Baseline was considered to be Day 1 pre-breakfast. The change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline values from the individual post-randomization values. If either the Baseline or post-randomization value was missing, the change from Baseline is set to missing as well. If measurements were taken in triplicate, then the mean of the triplicate measurements was used as the Baseline. (NCT01128621)
Timeframe: Baseline and at pre-breakfast on Day 1 and 24 hours post-dose.
| Intervention | picomoles per liter (pmol/L) (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Part A | 3.45 |
Blood samples for the determination of PK were collected on Day 1 Immediately pre-dose (time 0) and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 13, 24 and 48 hours post-dose. PK samples for participants were not analyzed. The PK parameters were calculated by standard non-compartmental analysis. Cmax was determined directly from the raw concentration-time data. (NCT01128621)
Timeframe: On Day 1 Immediately pre-dose (time 0) and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 13, 24 and 48 hours post-dose.
| Intervention | nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Part A | 582.619 |
Urine samples were collected at screening, Day -1, at 24hr post- dose (Day 2), and at follow-up. Urine albumin was assessed using quantitative analysis. (NCT01128621)
Timeframe: Up to 10 days after discharge (Day 2) in Part A
| Intervention | milligrams per liter (mg/L) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm A | 6.0 |
"Blood samples for chemistry assessments were collected at screening, fasting (Day -1), at 24hr post- dose (morning of Day 2), and at follow-up.~Clinical chemistry parameter: Glucose (unit: millimoles per liter [mmol/L]) was assessed for abnormal high value of PCI. The normal range was 3.6 to 5.5 mmol/L" (NCT01128621)
Timeframe: Up to 10 days after discharge (Day 2) in Part A
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Part A | 1 |
Blood samples for hematology assessments were collected at screening, fasting (Day -1), at 24hr post- dose (morning of Day 2), and at follow-up. Hematology parameter: Total Neutrophil count was assessed for abnormal value of PCI. The range of PCI value was: <0.83 x lower limit normal (LLN) with unit x10^9 per liter (NCT01128621)
Timeframe: Up to 10 days after discharge (Day 2) in Part A
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Part A | 1 |
Blood samples for the determination of pharmacokinetics (PK) were collected on Day 1 Immediately pre-dose (time 0) and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 13, 24 and 48 hours post-dose. PK samples for 2 participants were not analyzed. The PK parameters were calculated by standard non-compartmental analysis. AUC (0-last) and AUC (0-24) were determined using the linear trapezoidal rule for increasing concentrations and the logarithmic trapezoidal rule for decreasing concentrations. (NCT01128621)
Timeframe: On Day 1 Immediately pre-dose (time 0) and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 13, 24 and 48 hours post-dose.
| Intervention | nanograms hour per milliliter (ng*hr/mL) (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| AUC (0-24) | AUC (0-last) | |
| Part A | 7046.25 | 10099.35 |
Serial blood samples for the determination of the PK of GSK1292263 were collected on Days 1, 7 and 14. Blood samples for PK were collected on Days 1 and 14, at immediately pre-morning dose, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 24 and 48 hours post-morning dose. On Day 7, blood samples for PK were collected at pre-dose (post-breakfast), 1, 2, 4 (pre-lunch), 6 and 10 (immediately post-dinner, pre-dose for BID regimen). When planned PK sampling resulted in multiple samples at the same time point, only one sample was collected. The PK parameters were calculated by standard non-compartmental analysis. AUC (0-10) and AUC (0-24) were determined using the linear trapezoidal rule for increasing concentrations and the logarithmic trapezoidal rule for decreasing concentrations. (NCT01128621)
Timeframe: On Days 1 and 14, at immediately pre-morning dose, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 24 and 48 hours post-morning dose. On Day 7, at pre-dose (post-breakfast), 1, 2, 4 (pre-lunch), 6 and 10 (immediately post-dinner, pre-dose for BID regimen).
| Intervention | ng*hr/mL (Geometric Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AUC (0-10), Day 1 | AUC (0-10), Day 7 | AUC (0-10), Day 14 | AUC (0-24), Day 1 | AUC (0-24), Day 14 | |
| GSK1292263 300 mg | 3149.94 | 6472.68 | 6057.41 | 9968.88 | 15479.48 |
| GSK1292263 600 mg | NA | 5205.86 | NA | 6791.90 | 9391.30 |
| GSK1292263 75 mg | 1143.35 | 2930.47 | 3130.50 | 3775.76 | 7785.24 |
Baseline was considered to be Day -1 pre-breakfast value. The change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline values from the individual post-randomization values. If either the Baseline or post-randomization value was missing, the change from Baseline is set to missing as well. If measurements were taken in triplicate, then the mean of the triplicate measurements was used as the Baseline. (NCT01128621)
Timeframe: Baseline and at pre-breakfast on Days -1 and 14, and then at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 hours post dose.
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Day 7, pre-breakfast | Day 14, pre-breakfast | Day 14, 24 hours | |
| GSK1292263 300 mg | -0.28 | -0.81 | 0.66 |
| GSK1292263 600 mg | 0.21 | -0.11 | 0.68 |
| GSK1292263 75 mg | -0.74 | -1.57 | -0.57 |
| Placebo | -0.53 | -0.74 | -0.01 |
| Sitagliptin 50 mg | -1.75 | -1.83 | -1.06 |
Baseline was considered to be Day -1 pre-breakfast value. The change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline values from the individual post-randomization values. If either the Baseline or post-randomization value was missing, the change from Baseline is set to missing as well. If measurements were taken in triplicate, then the mean of the triplicate measurements was used as the Baseline. (NCT01128621)
Timeframe: Baseline and at pre-breakfast on Days -1 and 14, and then at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 hours post dose.
| Intervention | pmol/L (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Day 7, pre-breakfast | Day 14, pre-breakfast | Day 14, 24 hours | |
| GSK1292263 300 mg | -26.34 | -13.48 | -12.54 |
| GSK1292263 600 mg | -22.99 | -33.26 | -17.52 |
| GSK1292263 75 mg | -1.84 | 6.22 | 4.97 |
| Placebo | -2.74 | 4.84 | 23.25 |
| Sitagliptin 50 mg | 2.07 | 4.43 | 27.47 |
Baseline was considered to be Day -1 pre-breakfast value. The change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline values from the individual post-randomization values. If either the Baseline or post-randomization value was missing, the change from Baseline is set to missing as well. If measurements were taken in triplicate, then the mean of the triplicate measurements was used as the Baseline. Weighted mean were assessed for (0-12) and (0-24). AUC with respect to that time interval was calculated using the linear trapezoidal rule. The weighted mean was determined by dividing the AUC by the observed length of the collection interval (time of last assessment - time of first assessment in hours). In order for the AUC to be calculated, the first and last time points and at least one additional assessment falling between the two must be non-missing. (NCT01128621)
Timeframe: Baseline and at pre-breakfast on Days -1 and 14, and then at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 hours post dose.
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Weighted mean (0-12), Day 7 | Weighted mean (0-12), Day 14 | Weighted mean (0-24), Day 14 | |
| GSK1292263 300 mg | 0.555 | 0.123 | 0.321 |
| GSK1292263 600 mg | 1.103 | 0.656 | 0.837 |
| GSK1292263 75 mg | -0.432 | -0.539 | -0.555 |
| Placebo | 0.064 | -0.235 | -0.414 |
| Sitagliptin 50 mg | -0.862 | -1.039 | -1.025 |
Baseline was considered to be Day -1 pre-breakfast value. The change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline values from the individual post-randomization values. If either the Baseline or post-randomization value was missing, the change from Baseline is set to missing as well. If measurements were taken in triplicate, then the mean of the triplicate measurements was used as the Baseline. AUC with respect to that time interval was calculated using the linear trapezoidal rule. The weighted mean was determined by dividing the AUC by the observed length of the collection interval (time of last assessment - time of first assessment in hours). In order for the AUC to be calculated, the first and last time points and at least one additional assessment falling between the two must be non-missing. (NCT01128621)
Timeframe: Baseline and at pre-breakfast on Days -1 and 14, and then at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 hours post dose.
| Intervention | pmol/L (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Weighted mean (0-12), Day 7 | Weighted mean (0-12), Day 14 | Weighted mean (0-24), Day 14 | |
| GSK1292263 300 mg | -47.290 | -42.657 | -35.220 |
| GSK1292263 600 mg | -36.334 | -33.753 | -31.067 |
| GSK1292263 75 mg | -19.241 | 6.672 | 4.626 |
| Placebo | 6.146 | 21.751 | 22.127 |
| Sitagliptin 50 mg | 5.979 | 17.328 | 18.848 |
Serial blood samples for the determination of the PK of GSK1292263 were collected on Days 1, 7 and 14. Blood samples for PK were collected on Days 1 and 14, at immediately pre-morning dose, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 24 and 48 hours post-morning dose. On Day 7, blood samples for PK were collected at pre-dose (post-breakfast), 1, 2, 4 (pre-lunch), 6 and 10 (immediately post-dinner, pre-dose for BID regimen). When planned PK sampling resulted in multiple samples at the same time point, only one sample was collected. The PK parameters were calculated by standard non-compartmental analysis. Cmax was determined directly from the raw concentration-time data. (NCT01128621)
Timeframe: On Days 1 and 14, at immediately pre-morning dose, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 24 and 48 hours post-morning dose. On Day 7, at pre-dose (post-breakfast), 1, 2, 4 (pre-lunch), 6 and 10 (immediately post-dinner, pre-dose for BID regimen).
| Intervention | ng/mL (Geometric Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Day 1 | Day 7 | Day 14 | |
| GSK1292263 300 mg | 686.845 | 872.843 | 902.325 |
| GSK1292263 600 mg | 610.586 | 738.918 | 664.505 |
| GSK1292263 75 mg | 278.451 | 416.441 | 457.716 |
Blood samples for the determination of PK were collected on Day 1 Immediately pre-dose (time 0) and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 13, 24 and 48 hours post-dose. PK samples for 2 participants were not analyzed. The PK parameters were calculated by standard non-compartmental analysis. Tmax was determined directly from the raw concentration-time data. Tlag was determined as the time of the sample preceding the first quantifiable concentration, on Day 1 only. (NCT01128621)
Timeframe: On Day 1 Immediately pre-dose (time 0) and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 13, 24 and 48 hours post-dose.
| Intervention | hour (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| Tlag | Tmax | |
| Part A | 0.000 | 5.00 |
Accumulation ratio (Ro) was derived as: Ro = Day 14 morning AUC(0-10)/Day 1 morning AUC(0-10) (for BID regimens only). Ro = Day 14 AUC(0-24)/Day 1 AUC(0-24) (for both BID and once daily regimens). Accumulation ratio (RCmax)= Day 14 Cmax/Day 1 Cmax. RCmax was not computed for each dosing period (morning and evening). (NCT01128621)
Timeframe: On Days 1 and 14, at immediately pre-morning dose, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 24 and 48 hours post-morning dose.
| Intervention | Ratio (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| AUC (0-10) | AUC (0-24) | Cmax | |
| GSK1292263 300 mg | 1.9230 | 1.5528 | 1.3137 |
| GSK1292263 600 mg | NA | 1.3730 | 1.1077 |
| GSK1292263 75 mg | 2.7380 | 2.0619 | 1.6438 |
Blood samples were collected on Days -1 and 14, post-breakfast at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 hours post dose. For lunch (approximately 4 hours post morning dose) samples were collected at the following times after starting each meal: 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 hours. For the evening meal (approximately 10 hours post morning dose), samples were taken at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 hours post dinner. (NCT01128621)
Timeframe: At pre-breakfast on Days -1 and 14, and then at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 hours post dose.
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day -1, post-breakfast, 0.5 hour | Day -1, post-breakfast, 1 hour | Day -1, post-breakfast, 1.5 hour | Day -1, post-breakfast, 2 hour | Day -1, post-breakfast, 3 hour | Day -1, post-lunch, 0.5 hour | Day -1, post-lunch, 1 hour | Day -1, post-lunch, 1.5 hour | Day -1, post-lunch, 2 hour | Day -1, post-lunch, 3 hour | Day -1, post-dinner, 0.5 hour | Day -1, post-dinner, 1 hour | Day -1, post-dinner, 1.5 hour | Day -1, post-dinner, 2 hour | Day -1, post-dinner, 3 hour | Day 14, post-breakfast, 0.5 hour | Day 14, post-breakfast, 1 hour | Day 14, post-breakfast, 1.5 hour | Day 14, post-breakfast, 2 hour | Day 14, post-breakfast, 3 hour | Day 14, post-lunch, 0.5 hour | Day 14, post-lunch, 1 hour | Day 14, post-lunch, 1.5 hour | Day 14, post-lunch, 2 hour | Day 14, post-lunch, 3 hour | Day 14, post-dinner, 0.5 hour | Day 14, post-dinner, 1 hour | Day 14, post-dinner, 1.5 hour | Day 14, post-dinner, 2 hour | Day 14, post-dinner, 3 hour | |
| GSK1292263 300 mg | 14.68 | 14.48 | 12.94 | 11.50 | 8.68 | 8.56 | 10.71 | 11.64 | 11.75 | 11.25 | 8.78 | 11.00 | 10.99 | 10.81 | 10.34 | 14.96 | 14.23 | 12.96 | 10.93 | 8.20 | 10.07 | 11.96 | 12.33 | 12.09 | 10.57 | 9.37 | 12.21 | 13.01 | 12.07 | 10.69 |
| GSK1292263 600 mg | 13.04 | 13.43 | 12.02 | 10.67 | 8.46 | 8.58 | 10.12 | 10.45 | 10.11 | 10.37 | 8.92 | 10.77 | 10.94 | 10.98 | 10.48 | 13.83 | 14.32 | 13.07 | 11.11 | 8.73 | 8.70 | 10.42 | 11.12 | 10.87 | 10.44 | 10.41 | 12.56 | 13.03 | 12.60 | 11.75 |
| GSK1292263 75 mg | 13.51 | 13.42 | 12.12 | 10.55 | 8.48 | 8.90 | 11.19 | 11.17 | 10.82 | 10.05 | 9.19 | 11.27 | 10.97 | 10.76 | 10.41 | 13.13 | 13.32 | 11.58 | 9.98 | 6.96 | 8.73 | 10.59 | 10.80 | 10.51 | 9.71 | 7.99 | 11.20 | 11.81 | 11.27 | 9.78 |
| Placebo | 13.75 | 13.62 | 12.56 | 10.71 | 7.78 | 7.46 | 10.31 | 11.07 | 11.31 | 11.05 | 9.28 | 11.15 | 11.45 | 11.67 | 11.58 | 14.16 | 14.02 | 12.69 | 11.15 | 7.56 | 7.43 | 9.61 | 10.38 | 10.83 | 10.51 | 8.17 | 11.07 | 11.65 | 11.42 | 10.43 |
| Sitagliptin 50 mg | 13.60 | 13.12 | 11.39 | 9.75 | 7.73 | 7.93 | 10.36 | 10.69 | 10.72 | 9.92 | 8.39 | 10.27 | 10.52 | 10.18 | 9.66 | 12.26 | 12.03 | 10.55 | 9.10 | 6.69 | 7.77 | 8.38 | 8.83 | 8.84 | 8.90 | 7.29 | 9.43 | 10.41 | 10.07 | 8.80 |
Blood samples were collected on Days -1 and 14, post-breakfast at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 hours post dose. For lunch (approximately 4 hours post morning dose) samples were collected at the following times after starting each meal: 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 hours. For the evening meal (approximately 10 hours post morning dose), samples were taken at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 hours post dinner. (NCT01128621)
Timeframe: At pre-breakfast on Days -1 and 14, and then at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 hours post dose.
| Intervention | pmol/L (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day -1, post-breakfast, 0.5 hour | Day -1, post-breakfast, 1 hour | Day -1, post-breakfast, 1.5 hour | Day -1, post-breakfast, 2 hour | Day -1, post-breakfast, 3 hour | Day -1, post-lunch, 0.5 hour | Day -1, post-lunch, 1 hour | Day -1, post-lunch, 1.5 hour | Day -1, post-lunch, 2 hour | Day -1, post-lunch, 3 hour | Day -1, post-dinner, 0.5 hour | Day -1, post-dinner, 1 hour | Day -1, post-dinner, 1.5 hour | Day -1, post-dinner, 2 hour | Day -1, post-dinner, 3 hour | Day 14, post-breakfast, 0.5 hour | Day 14, post-breakfast, 1 hour | Day 14, post-breakfast, 1.5 hour | Day 14, post-breakfast, 2 hour | Day 14, post-breakfast, 3 hour | Day 14, post-lunch, 0.5 hour | Day 14, post-lunch, 1 hour | Day 14, post-lunch, 1.5 hour | Day 14, post-lunch, 2 hour | Day 14, post-lunch, 3 hour | Day 14, post-dinner, 0.5 hour | Day 14, post-dinner, 1 hour | Day 14, post-dinner, 1.5 hour | Day 14, post-dinner, 2 hour | Day 14, post-dinner, 3 hour | |
| GSK1292263 300 mg | 270.35 | 296.05 | 318.38 | 258.69 | 162.58 | 147.60 | 186.02 | 212.29 | 218.67 | 207.00 | 150.10 | 226.22 | 206.80 | 206.16 | 172.36 | 241.13 | 297.58 | 272.63 | 229.72 | 122.31 | 126.26 | 172.43 | 179.44 | 177.88 | 137.67 | 75.85 | 141.59 | 163.94 | 168.71 | 134.98 |
| GSK1292263 600 mg | 264.15 | 338.58 | 351.10 | 304.66 | 180.43 | 187.22 | 246.08 | 289.19 | 295.21 | 270.43 | 207.99 | 274.72 | 275.17 | 266.34 | 225.12 | 259.89 | 348.37 | 409.93 | 333.39 | 188.31 | 169.17 | 190.65 | 223.72 | 227.81 | 195.64 | 137.16 | 191.90 | 215.57 | 223.18 | 191.01 |
| GSK1292263 75 mg | 185.34 | 258.37 | 246.76 | 221.27 | 114.67 | 115.21 | 193.65 | 208.37 | 196.74 | 171.15 | 131.50 | 205.59 | 183.16 | 205.06 | 164.28 | 240.43 | 280.93 | 299.22 | 234.65 | 110.81 | 129.25 | 169.74 | 194.93 | 214.66 | 181.43 | 98.57 | 178.38 | 210.90 | 220.97 | 167.22 |
| Placebo | 201.81 | 222.44 | 251.01 | 233.85 | 131.95 | 135.17 | 193.80 | 188.57 | 235.41 | 191.74 | 132.04 | 199.54 | 195.55 | 209.64 | 176.48 | 258.61 | 304.23 | 297.57 | 283.85 | 161.67 | 153.65 | 201.54 | 229.56 | 237.34 | 219.31 | 99.41 | 204.76 | 204.67 | 237.14 | 200.85 |
| Sitagliptin 50 mg | 219.24 | 251.79 | 237.46 | 196.53 | 106.98 | 109.63 | 180.49 | 173.21 | 202.47 | 167.37 | 104.16 | 149.94 | 171.08 | 171.94 | 155.62 | 268.74 | 354.57 | 300.33 | 246.53 | 117.21 | 155.68 | 164.53 | 184.69 | 188.61 | 172.22 | 92.78 | 156.48 | 179.94 | 187.66 | 175.02 |
Urine samples were collected at screening, on Day -2, and on Days 1, 7, 15 and at follow-up. Urine albumin was assessed using quantitative analysis. (NCT01128621)
Timeframe: Up to 10 days after discharge (Day 15) in Part B
| Intervention | mg/L (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 1, pre-breakfast | Day 7, pre-breakfast | Day 14, 24 hours | Follow up | |
| GSK1292263 300 mg | 8.7 | 24.5 | 11.4 | 17.6 |
| GSK1292263 600 mg | 15.7 | 24.0 | 11.0 | 29.5 |
| GSK1292263 75 mg | 17.7 | 19.5 | 28.3 | 26.1 |
| Placebo | 15.3 | 8.0 | 7.8 | 54.0 |
| Sitagliptin 50 mg | 6.6 | 7.3 | 10.4 | 11.2 |
Urine samples were collected at screening, Day -1, at 24hr post- dose (Day 2), and at follow-up. Urinalysis parameters included urine pH assessed using dipstick analysis. pH is calculated on a scale of 0 to 14, such that, the lower the number, more acidic the urine and higher the number, more alkaline the urine with 7 being neutral. (NCT01128621)
Timeframe: Up to 10 days after discharge (Day 2) in Part A
| Intervention | pH (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Day 1, 24 hours | Follow up | |
| Part A | 6.17 | 5.92 |
Urine samples were collected at screening, on Day -2, and on Days 1, 7, 15 and at follow-up. Urinalysis parameters included urine pH assessed using dipstick analysis. pH is calculated on a scale of 0 to 14, such that, the lower the number, more acidic the urine and higher the number, more alkaline the urine with 7 being neutral. (NCT01128621)
Timeframe: Up to 10 days after discharge (Day 15) in Part B
| Intervention | pH (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 1, pre-breakfast | Day 7, pre-breakfast | Day 14, 24 hours | Follow up | |
| GSK1292263 300 mg | 6.04 | 6.00 | 6.17 | 5.96 |
| GSK1292263 600 mg | 6.03 | 6.07 | 6.07 | 6.08 |
| GSK1292263 75 mg | 6.04 | 5.85 | 6.04 | 5.88 |
| Placebo | 6.04 | 6.11 | 5.96 | 6.15 |
| Sitagliptin 50 mg | 5.92 | 6.04 | 6.08 | 5.88 |
Urine samples were collected at screening, Day -1, at 24hr post- dose (Day 2), and at follow-up. Urinalysis parameter include urine specific gravity. Urinary specific gravity is a measure of the concentration of solutes in the urine . It measures the ratio of urine density compared with water density and provides information on the kidney's ability to concentrate urine . (NCT01128621)
Timeframe: Up to 10 days after discharge (Day 2) in Part A
| Intervention | Ratio (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Day 1, 24 hours | Follow up | |
| Arm A | 1.0150 | 1.0210 |
Urine samples were collected at screening, on Day -2, and on Days 1, 7, 15 and at follow-up. Urinalysis parameter include urine specific gravity. Urinary specific gravity is a measure of the concentration of solutes in the urine . It measures the ratio of urine density compared with water density and provides information on the kidney's ability to concentrate urine . (NCT01128621)
Timeframe: Up to 10 days after discharge (Day 15) in Part B
| Intervention | Ratio (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 1, pre-breakfast | Day 7, pre-breakfast | Day 14, 24 hours | Follow up | |
| GSK1292263 300 mg | 1.0125 | 1.0150 | 1.0143 | 1.0185 |
| GSK1292263 600 mg | 1.0132 | 1.0125 | 1.0127 | 1.0172 |
| GSK1292263 75 mg | 1.0144 | 1.0177 | 1.0161 | 1.0163 |
| Placebo | 1.0127 | 1.0144 | 1.0170 | 1.0200 |
| Sitagliptin 50 mg | 1.0135 | 1.0141 | 1.0138 | 1.0165 |
Blood samples for chemistry assessments were collected at screening, on Day -2 (non-fasting), and prior to breakfast (early in the morning, fasting) on Days 1, 7, and on Day 15 prior to checkout, (=24hrs post-dose), and at follow-up. Clinical chemistry parameters: Aspartate amino transferase (unit: international unit per liter [IU/L]) and Total bilirubin (unit: micromoles per liter (µmol/L) were assessed for abnormal values of PCI. For aspartate aminotransferase the PCI range was >=2 x ULN (high). For total bilirubin the PCI range was >=1.5 x ULN (high). (NCT01128621)
Timeframe: Up to 10 days after discharge (Day 15) in Part B
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| Aspartate aminotransferase, high | Total bilirubin, high | |
| GSK1292263 300 mg | 0 | 0 |
| GSK1292263 600 mg | 1 | 0 |
| GSK1292263 75 mg | 0 | 0 |
| Placebo | 0 | 0 |
| Sitagliptin 50 mg | 0 | 1 |
ECGs were taken at Screening, pre-breakfast on Day -1, on Day 1 (pre-breakfast, 1 hour, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 13, 24hours post-dose), and at follow-up. Assessments were made in triplicate on Day 1 at the pre-breakfast time point, and single assessments were made at all other times. ECGs were taken in supine position. The data has been presented as abnormal- not clinically significant (NCS) and abnormal-clinically significant (CS). (NCT01128621)
Timeframe: Up to 10 days after discharge (Day 2) in Part A
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 1, pre-breakfast 1, abnormal-NCS | Day 1, pre-breakfast 2, abnormal-NCS | Day 1, pre-breakfast 3, abnormal-NCS | Day 1, 1 hour, abnormal-NCS | Day 1, 2 hour, abnormal-NCS | Day 1, 3 hour, abnormal-NCS | Day 1, 4 hour, abnormal-NCS | Day 1, 6 hour, abnormal-NCS | Day 1, 8 hour, abnormal-NCS | Day 1, 13 hour, abnormal-NCS | Day 1, 24 hour, abnormal-NCS | |
| Part A | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
ECGs were taken at Screening, pre-breakfast on Day -1 and at Follow-up. On Days 1, 7 and 14 ECGs were taken pre-breakfast (fasting) and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24hours post-dose. Triplicate ECGs were taken at the pre-breakfast time point, and single assessments were taken at all other times. ECGs were taken in supine position. The data has been presented as abnormal- not clinically significant (NCS) and abnormal-clinically significant (CS). (NCT01128621)
Timeframe: Up to 10 days after discharge (Day 15) in Part B
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 1, pre-breakfast 1, abnormal-NCS | Day 1, pre-breakfast 2, abnormal-NCS | Day 1, pre-breakfast 3, abnormal-NCS | Day 1, 1 hour, abnormal-NCS | Day 1, 1 hour, abnormal-CS | Day 1, 2 hour, abnormal-NCS | Day 1, 4 hour, abnormal-NCS | Day 1, 6 hour, abnormal-NCS | Day 1, 8 hour, abnormal-NCS | Day 1, 12 hour, abnormal-NCS | Day 1, 24 hour, abnormal-NCS | Day 7, pre-breakfast 1, abnormal-NCS | Day 7, pre-breakfast 2, abnormal-NCS | Day 7, pre-breakfast 3, abnormal-NCS | Day 7, 1 hour, abnormal-NCS | Day 7, 2 hour, abnormal-NCS | Day 7, 4 hour, abnormal-NCS | Day 7, 6 hour, abnormal-NCS | Day 7, 8 hour, abnormal-NCS | Day 7, 12 hour, abnormal-NCS | Day 7, 24 hour, abnormal-NCS | Day 14, pre-breakfast 1, abnormal-NCS | Day 14, pre-breakfast 2, abnormal-NCS | Day 14, pre-breakfast 3, abnormal-NCS | Day 14, 1 hour, abnormal-NCS | Day 14, 2 hour, abnormal-NCS | Day 14, 4 hour, abnormal-NCS | Day 14, 6 hour, abnormal-NCS | Day 14, 8 hour, abnormal-NCS | Day 14, 12 hour, abnormal-NCS | Day 14, 24 hour, abnormal-NCS | Follow up-NCS | |
| GSK1292263 300 mg | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 2 |
| GSK1292263 600 mg | 3 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| GSK1292263 75 mg | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| Placebo | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Sitagliptin 50 mg | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
Blood samples for hematology assessments were collected at screening, on Day -2 (non-fasting), and prior to breakfast (early in the morning, fasting) on Days 1, 7, and on Day 15 prior to checkout, (=24hrs post-dose), and at follow-up. Hematology parameters: Hematocrit (unit: ratio) and hemoglobin (unit: grams per liter [g/L]), were assessed for abnormal values of PCI. The PCI range for hematocrit was: >0.075 decrease from Baseline (low), >1.02 x upper limit normal (ULN) (high-male), >1.17 x ULN (high-female). The PCI range for hemoglobin was: >25 decrease from Baseline (low), >1.03 x ULN (high-male), >1.13 x ULN (high-female). Data has been presented for the number of participants with hematology data values high from the PCI range in a consolidated format. (NCT01128621)
Timeframe: Up to 10 days after discharge (Day 15) in Part B
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| Hematocrit, high | Hemoglobin, high | |
| GSK1292263 300 mg | 0 | 1 |
| GSK1292263 600 mg | 1 | 1 |
| GSK1292263 75 mg | 1 | 1 |
| Placebo | 0 | 0 |
| Sitagliptin 50mg | 0 | 1 |
Urinalysis parameters: Urine occult blood, Urine glucose, Urine ketones, Urine protein, White blood cells were assessed for abnormal findings by dipstick analysis. The abnormal findings were presented as trace, 1+, 2+ and 3+. Trace indicates lowest concentration of the mentioned parameters in urine and 3+ indicates highest concentration. Concentration of 3+ indicates worse outcome. (NCT01128621)
Timeframe: Up to 10 days after discharge (Day 15) in Part B
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urine occult blood, Day 1, pre-breakfast, 3+ | Urine occult blood, Day 1, pre-breakfast, trace | Urine occult blood, Day 7, pre-breakfast, trace | Urine occult blood, Day 14, 24 hours, trace | Urine occult blood, follow up, trace | Urine glucose, Day 1, pre-breakfast, 1+ | Urine glucose, Day 1, pre-breakfast, 2+ | Urine glucose, Day 1, pre-breakfast, 3+ | Urine glucose, Day 1, pre-breakfast, trace | Urine glucose, Day 7, pre-breakfast, 1+ | Urine glucose, Day 7, pre-breakfast, 2+ | Urine glucose, Day 7, pre-breakfast, trace | Urine glucose, Day 14, 24 hours, 3+ | Urine glucose, Day 14, 24 hours, trace | Urine glucose, follow up, 1+ | Urine glucose, follow up, 2+ | Urine glucose, follow up, 3+ | Urine glucose, follow up, trace | Urine ketones, Day 1, pre-breakfast, trace | Urine ketones, Day 7, pre-breakfast, trace | Urine ketones, Day 14, 24 hours, trace | Urine ketones, follow up, 1+ | Urine ketones, follow up, trace | Urine protein, Day 1, pre-breakfast, trace | Urine protein, Day 7, pre-breakfast, 1+ | Urine protein, Day 7, pre-breakfast, trace | Urine protein, Day 14, 24 hours, trace | Urine protein, follow up, 1+ | Urine protein, follow up, 2+ | Urine protein, follow up, trace | White blood cells, Day 1, pre-breakfast, 1+ | White blood cells, Day 1, pre-breakfast, trace | White blood cells, Day 7, pre-breakfast, 1+ | White blood cells, Day 7, pre-breakfast, trace | White blood cells, Day 14, 24 hours, 1+ | White blood cells, Day 14, 24 hours, trace | White blood cells, follow up, 1+ | White blood cells, follow up, 2+ | White blood cells, follow up, trace | |
| GSK1292263 300 mg | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| GSK1292263 600 mg | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| GSK1292263 75 mg | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Placebo | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Sitagliptin 50 mg | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Urinalysis parameters: Urine occult blood, Urine Glucose, Urine ketones and Urine protein were assessed for abnormal findings by dipstick analysis. The abnormalities were presented as trace, 1+, 2+ and 3+. Trace indicates lowest concentration of the mentioned parameters in urine and 3+ indicates highest concentration. Concentration of 3+ indicates worse outcome. (NCT01128621)
Timeframe: Up to 10 days after discharge (Day 2) in Part A
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urine occult blood, Day 1, 24 hours, trace | Urine occult blood, follow up, trace | Urine glucose, Day 1, 24 hours, 3+ | Urine glucose, follow up, 3+ | Urine glucose, follow up, trace | Urine ketones, follow up, trace | Urine protein, Day 1, 24 hours, trace | Urine protein, follow up, trace | |
| Part A | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
Assessment of vital signs (including systolic, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate) was performed at one time point at Screening, at follow-up and pre-breakfast on Day -1. On Day 1, they were taken at pre-breakfast, 1 hour, 3, 4, 6, 10, 16 and 24 hours post-dose. Assessments were made in triplicate at the pre-breakfast time point, and single assessments were made at all other times. Assessments were performed after resting in a supine or semi-supine position for at least 10 minutes. PCI value of systolic blood pressure: <85 and >160 millimeter of mercury (mmHg). PCI value of diastolic blood pressure: <45 and >100 mmHg. PCI value of heart rate: <40 and >110 beats per minute. (NCT01128621)
Timeframe: Up to 10 days after discharge (Day 2) in Part A
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) | Heart rate, high | |
| Part A | 0 | 1 |
Assessment of vital signs (including systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate) was performed at Screening, pre-breakfast on Days -1 to 14 in a fasting state early in the morning (prior to morning dosing on Days 1-14), and at Follow-up. On Days 1, 7 and 14, they were taken at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 hours after the morning dose. At each time point, assessment was performed after resting in a supine or semi-supine position for at least 10 minutes. (NCT01128621)
Timeframe: Up to 10 days after discharge (Day 15) in Part B
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| Systolic blood pressure, high | Heart rate | |
| GSK1292263 300 mg | 1 | 0 |
| GSK1292263 600 mg | 0 | 0 |
| GSK1292263 75 mg | 0 | 0 |
| Placebo | 0 | 0 |
| Sitagliptin 50 mg | 0 | 0 |
An AE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant or clinical investigation participant, temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease (new or exacerbated) temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product. An SAE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence that, at any dose, results in death, is life threatening, requires hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in disability/incapacity, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect, may jeopardize the participant or require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the other outcomes listed in the definition above, or is an event of possible drug-induced liver injury. (NCT01128621)
Timeframe: Up to 10 days after discharge (Day 2) in Part A
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| Any AE | Any SAE | |
| Part A | 0 | 0 |
An AE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant or clinical investigation participant, temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease (new or exacerbated) temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product. An SAE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence that, at any dose, results in death, is life threatening, requires hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in disability/incapacity, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect, may jeopardize the participant or require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the other outcomes listed in the definition above, or is an event of possible drug-induced liver injury. (NCT01128621)
Timeframe: Up to 10 days after discharge (Day 15) in Part B
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| Any AE | Any SAE | |
| GSK1292263 300 mg | 3 | 0 |
| GSK1292263 600 mg | 4 | 0 |
| GSK1292263 75 mg | 3 | 0 |
| Placebo | 2 | 0 |
| Sitagliptin 50 mg | 5 | 0 |
Serial blood samples for the determination of the PK of GSK1292263 were collected on Days 1, 7 and 14. Blood samples for PK were collected on Days 1 and 14, at immediately pre-morning dose, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 24 and 48 hours post-morning dose. On Day 7, blood samples for PK were collected at pre-dose (post-breakfast), 1, 2, 4 (pre-lunch), 6 and 10 (immediately post-dinner, pre-dose for BID regimen). When planned PK sampling resulted in multiple samples at the same time point, only one sample was collected. The PK parameters were calculated by standard non-compartmental analysis. Tmax was determined directly from the raw concentration-time data. Tlag was determined as the time of the sample preceding the first quantifiable concentration, on Day 1 only. (NCT01128621)
Timeframe: On Days 1 and 14, at immediately pre-morning dose, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 24 and 48 hours post-morning dose. On Day 7, at pre-dose (post-breakfast), 1, 2, 4 (pre-lunch), 6 and 10 (immediately post-dinner, pre-dose for BID regimen).
| Intervention | hour (Median) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tlag, Day1 | Tmax, Day 1 | Tmax, Day 7 | Tmax, Day 14 | |
| GSK1292263 300 mg | 0.000 | 14.00 | 4.00 | 13.00 |
| GSK1292263 600 mg | 0.000 | 4.0 | 4.00 | 4.0 |
| GSK1292263 75 mg | 0.000 | 14.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 |
Twelve-lead ECGs was obtained in a supine position at each time point during the study using an ECG machine that automatically measured PR, QRS, QT and QTc intervals (QT duration corrected for heart rate by Bazett's formula [QTcB] and Fridericia's formula [QTcF]). Participants with abnormal clinically significant ECG findings is presented. It was assessed on Screening, Day 1 at pre-dose, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, 16, 24 hours and Follow-up (7 to 10 days after final discharge). (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Up to Week 10
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Part A: Placebo | 0 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 25 mg | 0 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 150 mg | 0 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 800 mg | 0 |
| Part A: Sitagliptin 100 mg | 0 |
Hematology parameters included platelet count, red blood cell (RBC) count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), total neutrophils, white blood cell count (WBC; absolute), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), lymphocytes, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), monocytes, hemoglobin, eosinophils, hematocrit, reticulocytes and basophils. It was assessed on Screening, Day -1, Day 2 (of each treatment period) and Follow-up (7 to 10 days after final discharge). Only those parameters (hemoglobin, high) for which at least one value of PCI was reported are summarized. Null data is not presented. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Up to Week 10
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Part A: Placebo | 0 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 25 mg | 0 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 150 mg | 1 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 800 mg | 0 |
| Part A: Sitagliptin 100 mg | 1 |
Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and pulse rate measurements were recorded at each time point, assessment was performed after resting in a supine or semi-supine position for at least 10 minutes. Participants with abnormal clinically significant vital signs findings is presented. It was assessed on Screening, Day -1, 1, 2 (pre-dose, 1, 3, 4, 6, 10, 16 and 24 hours of each treatment period) and Follow-up (7 to10 days after final discharge). (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Up to Week 10.
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Part A: Placebo | 0 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 25 mg | 0 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 150 mg | 0 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 800 mg | 0 |
| Part A: Sitagliptin 100 mg | 0 |
Blood samples for the determination of insulin were collected at pre-dose on Day 1 of each dosing period and immediately prior to and at 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 min after administration of the 75 grams glucose drink. For lunch and evening meal in Part A, samples were collected just before the meal and at the following times after starting each meal: 0.5, 1, 1.5 (except breakfast in Part B), 2 and 3 hours. When this results in multiple samples at the same time point, only one sample was collected. The unit of measure is mL/min×1/micro international unit×10^4 (mL/min×1/µIU×10^4). (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Day 1 of each treatment period
| Intervention | mL/min×1/µIU×10^4 (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Part A: Placebo | 1.4 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 25 mg | 2.1 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 150 mg | 2.3 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 800 mg | 2.8 |
| Part A: Sitagliptin 100 mg | 2.7 |
Blood samples for the determination of glucose were collected at pre-dose on Day 1 of each dosing period and immediately prior to and at 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 min after administration of the 75 grams glucose drink. For lunch and evening meal in Part A, samples were collected just before the meal and at the following times after starting each meal: 0.5, 1, 1.5 (except breakfast in Part B), 2 and 3 hours. When this results in multiple samples at the same time point, only one sample was collected. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting Baseline value from post-Baseline value. The point estimates and corresponding 95% CI for treatment ratios were calculated for treatment comparisons versus placebo. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1 pre-dose) and Day 1 (24 hours)
| Intervention | Millimoles per Liter (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Part A: Placebo | 0.52 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 25 mg | 1.49 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 150 mg | 0.53 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 800 mg | 0.87 |
| Part A: Sitagliptin 100 mg | 0.58 |
The first occurrence of the maximum observed plasma concentration determined directly from the raw concentration-time data. Blood samples for the determination of PKs was collected at on Day 1 of each period: immediately pre-dose (time 0) and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 14 and 24 hours. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Pre-dose (time 0) and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 14 and 24 hours on Day 1 of each treatment period
| Intervention | Nanograms per milliliters (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Part A: GSK1292263 25 mg | 52.04 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 150 mg | 165.62 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 800 mg | 379.79 |
Blood samples for the determination of glucose and other PD markers were collected at pre-dose on Day 1 of each dosing period and immediately prior to and at 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 min after administration of the 75 grams glucose drink. When this results in multiple samples at the same time point, only one sample was collected. It was calculated by multiplying insulin glucose index with insulin sensitivity index. The point estimates and corresponding 95% CI for treatment ratios were calculated for treatment comparisons versus placebo. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Up to Day 1 (24 hours)
| Intervention | [(µIU/mL)/(mg/deciliter [dL])]^2 (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Part A: Placebo | 0.87 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 25 mg | 0.76 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 150 mg | 1.07 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 800 mg | 0.94 |
| Part A: Sitagliptin 100 mg | 0.86 |
Blood samples for the determination of glucose and other PD markers were collected at pre-dose on Day 1 of each dosing period and immediately prior to and at 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 min after administration of the 75 grams glucose drink. When this results in multiple samples at the same time point, only one sample was collected. It was calculated as insulin (30 min) - insulin (0 min)/glucose (30 min) - glucose (0 min). It was calculated as insulin (30 min) - insulin (0 min)/glucose (30 min) - glucose (0 min). The point estimates and corresponding 95% CI for treatment ratios were calculated for treatment comparisons versus placebo. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Up to Day 1 (24 hours)
| Intervention | µIU/mL/mg/dL (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Part A: Placebo | 0.23 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 25 mg | 0.22 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 150 mg | 0.28 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 800 mg | 0.26 |
| Part A: Sitagliptin 100 mg | 0.21 |
Blood samples for the determination of glucose and other PD markers were collected at pre-dose on Day 1 of each dosing period and immediately prior to and at 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 min after administration of the 75 grams glucose drink. When this results in multiple samples at the same time point, only one sample was collected. It was calculated as 10,000/square root ([mean plasma insulin × mean plasma glucose during OGTT or meal challenge] × [fasting plasma glucose × fasting plasma insulin]). The point estimates and corresponding 95% CI for treatment ratios were calculated for treatment comparisons versus placebo. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Up to Day 1 (24 hours)
| Intervention | 1/(mg/dL)×1/(µIU/mL) (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Part A: Placebo | 3.95 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 25 mg | 3.47 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 150 mg | 3.87 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 800 mg | 3.60 |
| Part A: Sitagliptin 100 mg | 4.01 |
Clinical chemistry parameters included BUN, potassium, AST, total and direct bilirubin, creatinine, chloride, ALT, uric acid, glucose fasting, GGT, albumin, sodium, magnesium, phosphorus inorganic, calcium, total CO2, ALP, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, free fatty acid (NEFA), HDL cholesterol and total protein. It was assessed on Screening, Day -1, 2 (of each treatment period) and Follow-up (7 to 10 days after final discharge). Only those parameters (Glucose, High) for which at least one value of PCI was reported are summarized. Null data is not presented. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Up to Week 7
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Part B: GSK1292263 800 mg Fasted Condition Orally | 1 |
| Part B: GSK1292263 800 mg Fed Condition Orally | 1 |
Hematology parameters included platelet count, RBC count, MCV, total neutrophils, WBC absolute, MCH, lymphocytes, MCHC, monocytes, hemoglobin, eosinophils, hematocrit, reticulocytes and basophils. It was assessed on Screening, Day -1, 2 (of each treatment period) and Follow-up (7 to 10 days after final discharge). Only those parameters for which at least one value of PCI was reported are summarized. Null data is not presented. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Up to Week 7
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Part B: GSK1292263 800 mg Fasted Condition Orally | 0 |
| Part B: GSK1292263 800 mg Fed Condition Orally | 0 |
SBP, DBP and pulse rate measurements were recorded at each time point, assessment was performed after resting in a supine or semi-supine position for at least 10 min. Participants with abnormal clinically significant vital signs findings is presented. It was assessed on Screening, Day -1, 1, 2 (pre-dose, 1, 3, 4, 6, 10, 16 and 24 hours of each treatment period) and Follow-up (7 -10 days after final discharge). (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Up to Week 7
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Part B: GSK1292263 800 mg Fasted Condition Orally | 0 |
| Part B: GSK1292263 800 mg Fed Condition Orally | 0 |
Twelve-lead ECGs was obtained in a supine position at each time point during the study using an ECG machine that automatically measured PR, QRS, QT and QTc intervals (QTcB and QTcF). Participants with abnormal clinically significant ECG findings is presented. It was assessed on Screening, Day 1 at pre-dose, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, 16, 24 hours and Follow-up (7 -10 days after final discharge). (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Up to Week 7
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Part B: GSK1292263 800 mg Fasted Condition Orally | 0 |
| Part B: GSK1292263 800 mg Fed Condition Orally | 0 |
Blood samples for the determination of glucose were collected at pre-dose on Day 1 of each dosing period and immediately prior to and at 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 min after administration of the 75 grams glucose drink. For lunch and evening meal in Part A, samples were collected just before the meal and at the following times after starting each meal: 0.5, 1, 1.5 (except breakfast in Part B), 2 and 3 hours. When this results in multiple samples at the same time point, only one sample was collected. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting Baseline value from post-Baseline value. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1 pre-dose) and Day 1 (24 hours)
| Intervention | Millimoles per Liter (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Part B: GSK1292263 800 mg Fasted Condition Orally | 0.40 |
| Part B: GSK1292263 800 mg Fed Condition Orally | 1.95 |
The first occurrence of the maximum observed plasma concentration determined directly from the raw concentration-time data. Blood samples for the determination of PK was collected at on Day 1 of each period: immediately pre-dose (time 0) and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 13 and 24 hours. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Pre-dose (time 0) and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 13 and 24 hours on Day 1 of each treatment period.
| Intervention | Nanograms per mL (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Part B: GSK1292263 800 mg Fasted Condition Orally | 339.52 |
| Part B: GSK1292263 800 mg Fed Condition Orally | 944.21 |
Twelve-lead ECGs was obtained in a supine position at each time point during the study using an ECG machine that automatically measured PR, QRS, QT and QTc intervals (QTcB and QTcF). Participants with abnormal clinically significant ECG findings is presented. It was assessed on Screening, on Day -1, 1, 7, 13 and 14 pre-breakfast dose (fasting) and at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 hours of each treatment period and Follow-up (7 to 10 days after final discharge). (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Up to Week 7
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Part C: GSK1292263 50 mg BID | 0 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 150 mg BID | 0 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 300 mg BID | 0 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 600 mg Once Daily | 0 |
| Part C: Placebo | 0 |
| Part C: Sitagliptin 100 mg | 0 |
The first occurrence of the maximum observed plasma concentration determined directly from the raw concentration-time data. When GSK1292263 was dosed once daily, blood samples were collected on Days 1, 13 and 14 immediately pre-dose (time 0) and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 14 and 24 hours post-dose. When GSK1292263 was dosed BID, blood samples were collected on Days 1, 13 and 14, at immediately pre-morning dose, 1,2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 24 hours post-morning dose. For once daily and BID dosing regimens on Day 7, blood samples were collected at pre-dose (= post-breakfast), 1, 2, 4 (= pre-lunch), 6, 10 (= immediately post-dinner) and 12 hours. When planned PK sampling results in multiple samples at the same time point, only one sample was collected. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Days 1, 7, 13 and 14
| Intervention | Nanograms per mL (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Part C: GSK1292263 50 mg BID | 301.89 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 150 mg BID | 284.59 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 300 mg BID | 458.24 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 600 mg Once Daily | 378.12 |
| Part C: Placebo | 307.45 |
| Part C: Sitagliptin 100 mg | 360.91 |
The AUC0-10 determined using the linear trapezoidal rule for increasing concentrations and the logarithmic trapezoidal rule for decreasing concentrations. When GSK1292263 was dosed once daily, blood samples were collected on Days 1, 13 and 14 immediately pre-dose (time 0) and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 14 and 24 hours post-dose. When GSK1292263 was dosed BID, blood samples were collected on Days 1, 13 and 14, at immediately pre-morning dose, 1,2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 24 hours post-morning dose. For once daily and BID dosing regimens on Day 7, blood samples were collected at pre-dose (=post-breakfast), 1, 2, 4 (=pre lunch), 6, 10 (=immediately post-dinner) and 12 hours. When planned PK sampling results in multiple samples at the same time point, only one sample was collected. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Days 1, 7, 13 and 14
| Intervention | Ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Part C: GSK1292263 50 mg BID | 2.8174 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 150 mg BID | 3.0033 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 300 mg BID | 2.4218 |
The AUC0-24 determined using the linear trapezoidal rule for increasing concentrations and the logarithmic trapezoidal rule for decreasing concentrations. When GSK1292263 was dosed once daily, blood samples were collected on Days 1, 13 and 14 immediately pre-dose (time 0) and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 14 and 24 hours post-dose. When GSK1292263 was dosed BID, blood samples were collected on Days 1, 13 and 14, at immediately pre-morning dose, 1,2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 24 hours post-morning dose. For once daily and BID dosing regimens on Day 7, blood samples were collected at pre-dose (=post-breakfast), 1, 2, 4 (=pre lunch), 6, 10 (=immediately post-dinner) and 12 hours. When planned PK sampling results in multiple samples at the same time point, only one sample was collected. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Days 1, 7, 13 and 14
| Intervention | Ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Part C: GSK1292263 600 mg Once Daily | 1.2871 |
The first occurrence of the maximum observed plasma concentration determined directly from the raw concentration-time data. When GSK1292263 was dosed once daily, blood samples were collected on Days 1, 13 and 14 immediately pre-dose (time 0) and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 14 and 24 hours post-dose. When GSK1292263 was dosed BID, blood samples were collected on Days 1, 13 and 14, at immediately pre-morning dose, 1,2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 24 hours post-morning dose. For once daily and BID dosing regimens on Day 7, blood samples were collected at pre-dose (=post-breakfast), 1, 2, 4 (=pre lunch), 6, 10 (=immediately post-dinner) and 12 hours. When planned PK sampling results in multiple samples at the same time point, only one sample was collected. Cmax for one participant from 50 BID x 14 day was not analyzed due to positive definite G Matrix. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Days 1, 7, 13 and 14
| Intervention | Ratio (Geometric Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Part C: GSK1292263 150 mg BID | 1.9186 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 300 mg BID | 1.6755 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 600 mg Once Daily | 1.1703 |
Clinical chemistry parameters included blood urea nitrogen (BUN), potassium, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total and direct bilirubin, creatinine, chloride, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), uric acid, glucose fasting, gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), albumin, sodium, magnesium, phosphorus inorganic, calcium, total carbon dioxide (CO2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, free fatty acid (non-esterified fatty acids; [NEFA]), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and total protein. It was assessed on Screening, Day -1, Day 2 (of each treatment period) and Follow-up (7 to 10 days after final discharge). Only those parameters for which at least one value of PCI was reported are summarized. Null data is not presented. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Up to Week 10
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Glucose, High | CO2, Low | Magnesium, High | |
| Part A: GSK1292263 150 mg | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 25 mg | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 800 mg | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Part A: Placebo | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Part A: Sitagliptin 100 mg | 0 | 0 | 1 |
An AE was defined as any untoward medical occurrence (MO) in a participant temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product (MP), whether or not considered related to the MP and can therefore be any unfavourable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with its use. The SAE was any untoward MO that, at any dose, results in death, life threatening, persistent or significant disability/incapacity, results in or prolongs inpatient hospitalization, congenital abnormality or birth defect, that may not be immediately life-threatening or result in death or hospitalization but may jeopardize the participant or may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the other outcomes listed in this definition. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Up to Week 10
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| Any AE | Any SAE | |
| Part A: GSK1292263 150 mg | 2 | 0 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 25 mg | 2 | 0 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 800 mg | 4 | 0 |
| Part A: Placebo | 2 | 0 |
| Part A: Sitagliptin 100 mg | 2 | 0 |
The AUC 0-24 and AUC 0-t determined using the linear trapezoidal rule for increasing concentrations and the logarithmic trapezoidal rule for decreasing concentrations. Blood samples for the determination of PK was collected at on Day 1 of each period: immediately pre-dose (time 0) and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 14 and 24 hours. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Pre-dose (time 0) and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 14 and 24 hours on Day 1 of each treatment period
| Intervention | Nanograms×hour per milliliters (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| AUC 0-24 | AUC 0-t | |
| Part A: GSK1292263 150 mg | 1684.86 | 1685.44 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 25 mg | 524.30 | 526.88 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 800 mg | 3985.72 | 3979.35 |
Blood samples for the determination of glucose and other PD markers were collected at pre-dose on Day 1 of each dosing period and immediately prior to and at 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 min after administration of the 75 grams glucose drink. For lunch and evening meal in Part A, samples were collected just before the meal and at the following times after starting each meal: 0.5, 1, 1.5 (except breakfast in Part B), 2 and 3 hours. When this results in multiple samples at the same time point, only one sample was collected. The point estimates and corresponding 95% CI for treatment ratios were calculated for treatment comparisons versus placebo. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Up to Day 1 (24 hours)
| Intervention | Pico moles per Liter (Geometric Mean) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C-peptide, AUC 0-12 | C-peptide, iAUC 0-12 | GIP total, AUC 0-12 | GIP total, iAUC 0-12 | GLP-1 active, AUC 0-12 | GLP-1 active, iAUC 0-12 | GLP-1 total, AUC 0-12 | GLP-1 total, iAUC 0-12 | Glucagon, AUC 0-12 | Glucagon, iAUC 0-12 | Insulin, AUC 0-13 | Insulin, iAUC 0-13 | PYY total, AUC 0-12 | PYY total, iAUC 0-12 | |
| Part A: GSK1292263 150 mg | 1523.99 | 821.46 | 44.07 | 38.52 | 2.26 | 0.12 | 6.13 | 3.64 | 10.62 | 2.60 | 277.10 | 207.02 | 30.46 | 15.56 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 25 mg | 1518.81 | 874.41 | 44.91 | 38.77 | 2.12 | 0.06 | 5.83 | 3.34 | 9.55 | 2.81 | 272.04 | 199.42 | 29.72 | 15.04 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 800 mg | 1513.90 | 846.34 | 51.21 | 42.15 | 2.20 | 0.07 | 7.44 | 4.33 | 9.34 | 1.97 | 280.90 | 208.19 | 35.38 | 17.74 |
| Part A: Placebo | 1533.54 | 920.62 | 39.99 | 35.36 | 2.14 | 0.05 | 5.66 | 3.35 | 8.11 | 3.77 | 267.68 | 211.95 | 23.04 | 10.34 |
| Part A: Sitagliptin 100 mg | 1418.12 | 836.98 | 32.76 | 28.03 | 5.35 | 3.05 | 4.04 | 2.36 | 7.44 | 1.86 | 210.66 | 151.53 | 17.67 | 3.79 |
Blood samples for the determination of glucose were collected at pre-dose on Day 1 of each dosing period and immediately prior to and at 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 min after administration of the 75 grams glucose drink. For lunch and evening meal in Part A, samples were collected just before the meal and at the following times after starting each meal: 0.5, 1, 1.5 (except breakfast in Part B), 2 and 3 hours. When this results in multiple samples at the same time point, only one sample was collected. The point estimates and corresponding 95% CI for treatment ratios were calculated for treatment comparisons versus placebo. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Up to Day 1 (24 hours)
| Intervention | Millimoles per Liter (Geometric Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AUC 0-13 | AUC 0-24 | iAUC 0-13 | iAUC 0-24 | |
| Part A: GSK1292263 150 mg | 9.15 | 9.03 | 1.48 | 1.44 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 25 mg | 9.44 | 9.17 | 1.35 | 1.04 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 800 mg | 8.64 | 8.67 | 1.78 | 0.90 |
| Part A: Placebo | 9.42 | 8.72 | 2.11 | 1.18 |
| Part A: Sitagliptin 100 mg | 9.23 | 8.95 | 1.48 | 0.53 |
Blood samples for the determination of glucose and other PD markers were collected at pre-dose on Day 1 of each dosing period and immediately prior to and at 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 min after administration of the 75 grams glucose drink. When this results in multiple samples at the same time point, only one sample was collected. The point estimates and corresponding 95% CI for treatment ratios were calculated for treatment comparisons versus placebo. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Up to Day 1 (24 hours)
| Intervention | Pico moles per Liter (Geometric Mean) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C-peptide, AUC 0-2 | C-peptide, iAUC 0-2 | GIP total, AUC 0-2 | GIP total, iAUC 0-2 | GLP-1 active, AUC 0-2 | GLP-1 active, iAUC 0-2 | GLP-1 total, AUC 0-2 | GLP-1 total, iAUC 0-2 | Glucagon, AUC 0-2 | Glucagon, iAUC 0-2 | Insulin, AUC 0-3 | Insulin, iAUC 0-3 | PYY total, AUC 0-2 | PYY total, iAUC 0-2 | |
| Part A: GSK1292263 150 mg | 1357.81 | 620.95 | 34.82 | 29.27 | 2.18 | 0.18 | 5.02 | 2.40 | 6.08 | 0.62 | 235.88 | 161.05 | 22.45 | 6.81 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 25 mg | 1352.32 | 676.24 | 37.86 | 31.50 | 2.12 | NA | 4.51 | 1.66 | 4.77 | 0.24 | 230.91 | 156.32 | 19.30 | 4.66 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 800 mg | 1387.78 | 695.31 | 42.25 | 33.51 | 2.14 | 0.18 | 5.59 | 2.38 | 4.49 | 0.73 | 254.61 | 179.93 | 23.42 | 5.59 |
| Part A: Placebo | 1207.17 | 563.75 | 29.73 | 25.30 | 2.12 | 0.03 | 4.45 | 2.65 | 3.60 | 0.56 | 204.77 | 146.03 | 16.76 | 5.89 |
| Part A: Sitagliptin 100 mg | 1287.66 | 692.11 | 26.57 | 21.79 | 4.73 | 2.47 | 2.97 | 1.26 | 3.85 | 0.39 | 213.17 | 150.33 | 13.93 | 1.25 |
Blood samples for the determination of glucose were collected at pre-dose on Day 1 of each dosing period and immediately prior to and at 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 min after administration of the 75 grams glucose drink. When this results in multiple samples at the same time point, only one sample was collected. The point estimates and corresponding 95% CI for treatment ratios were calculated for treatment comparisons versus placebo. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Up to Day 1 (24 hours)
| Intervention | Millimoles per Liter (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| AUC 0-3 | iAUC 0-3 | |
| Part A: GSK1292263 150 mg | 12.12 | 4.78 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 25 mg | 12.79 | 5.17 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 800 mg | 11.26 | 4.25 |
| Part A: Placebo | 12.82 | 5.55 |
| Part A: Sitagliptin 100 mg | 11.97 | 4.43 |
Blood samples for the determination of glucose and other PD markers were collected at pre-dose on Day 1 of each dosing period and immediately prior to and at 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 min after administration of the 75 grams glucose drink. When this results in multiple samples at the same time point, only one sample was collected. It was calculated as insulin/glucose ratio was calculated as insulin AUC(0-3]/glucose AUC(0-3) during OGTT, while glucose/insulin ratio was calculated as glucose AUC(0-3)/insulin AUC(0-3) during OGTT. The point estimates and corresponding 95% CI for treatment ratios were calculated for treatment comparisons versus placebo. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Up to Day 1 (24 hours)
| Intervention | Ratio (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| G/I ratio | I/G ratio | |
| Part A: GSK1292263 150 mg | 0.05 | 19.46 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 25 mg | 0.06 | 18.05 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 800 mg | 0.04 | 22.61 |
| Part A: Placebo | 0.06 | 15.98 |
| Part A: Sitagliptin 100 mg | 0.06 | 17.80 |
The time at which Cmax was observed was determined directly from the raw concentration-time data. The lag time before observation of drug concentrations in sample matrix determined as the time of the sample preceding the first quantifiable concentration. Blood samples for the determination of PK was collected on Day 1 of each period: immediately pre-dose (time 0) and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 14 and 24 hours. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Pre-dose (time 0) and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 14 and 24 hours on Day 1 of each treatment period
| Intervention | Hour (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| T-lag | T-max | |
| Part A: GSK1292263 150 mg | 0.00 | 3.00 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 25 mg | 0.50 | 4.99 |
| Part A: GSK1292263 800 mg | 0.00 | 3.00 |
An AE was defined as any untoward MO in a participant temporally associated with the use of a MP, whether or not considered related to the MP and can therefore be any unfavourable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with its use. The SAE was any untoward MO that, at any dose, results in death, life threatening, persistent or significant disability/incapacity, results in or prolongs inpatient hospitalization, congenital abnormality or birth defect, that may not be immediately life-threatening or result in death or hospitalization but may jeopardize the participant or may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the other outcomes listed in this definition. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Up to Week 7
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| Any AE | Any SAE | |
| Part B: GSK1292263 800 mg Fasted Condition Orally | 0 | 0 |
| Part B: GSK1292263 800 mg Fed Condition Orally | 1 | 0 |
The AUC 0-24 and AUC 0-t determined using the linear trapezoidal rule for increasing concentrations and the logarithmic trapezoidal rule for decreasing concentrations. Blood samples for the determination of PK was collected at on Day 1 of each period: immediately pre-dose (time 0) and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 13 and 24 hours. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Pre-dose (time 0) and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 13 and 24 hours on Day 1 of each treatment period
| Intervention | Nanograms×hour per mL (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| AUC 0-24 | AUC 0-t | |
| Part B: GSK1292263 800 mg Fasted Condition Orally | 3370.43 | 3370.43 |
| Part B: GSK1292263 800 mg Fed Condition Orally | 12639.84 | 12659.88 |
Blood samples for the determination of glucose and other PD markers were collected at pre-dose on Day 1 of each dosing period. For breakfast, lunch and evening meal in Part B, samples were collected just after the meal and at the following times after starting each meal: 0.5, 1 and 2 hours. Samples were also collected in Part B at 24 hours post-dose. When this results in multiple samples at the same time point, only one sample was collected. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting Baseline value from post-Baseline value. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1 pre-dose) and Day 1 (24 hours)
| Intervention | Pico moles per Liter (Geometric Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C-PEPTIDE | GIP TOTAL | GLP-1 ACTIVE | GLP-1 TOTAL | GLUCAGON | INSULIN | PYY TOTAL | |
| Part B: GSK1292263 800 mg Fasted Condition Orally | 13.44 | 2.23 | 0.00 | 0.56 | 0.94 | 31.18 | 3.05 |
| Part B: GSK1292263 800 mg Fed Condition Orally | 55.83 | 5.40 | 0.00 | 0.48 | 2.02 | 7.19 | 4.55 |
The time at which Cmax was observed was determined directly from the raw concentration-time data. The lag time before observation of drug concentrations in sample matrix determined as the time of the sample preceding the first quantifiable concentration. Blood samples for the determination of PK was collected at on Day 1 of each period: immediately pre-dose (time 0) and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 13 and 24 hours. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Pre-dose (time 0) and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 13 and 24 hours on Day 1 of each treatment period
| Intervention | Hour (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| T-max | T-lag | |
| Part B: GSK1292263 800 mg Fasted Condition Orally | 2.00 | 0.00 |
| Part B: GSK1292263 800 mg Fed Condition Orally | 4.98 | 0.00 |
Clinical chemistry parameters included BUN, potassium, AST, total and direct bilirubin, creatinine, chloride, ALT, uric acid, glucose fasting, GGT, albumin, sodium, magnesium, phosphorus inorganic, calcium, total CO2, ALP, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, free fatty acid (NEFA), HDL cholesterol and total protein. It was assessed on Screening, Day -2 (can be non-fasting) and prior to breakfast (early in the morning, fasting) on Days 1, 7 and 14, and on Day 15 prior to checkout, (=24 hours post-dose) of each treatment period and Follow-up (7 to 10 days after final discharge). Only those parameters for which at least one value of PCI was reported are summarized. Null data is not presented. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Up to Week 7
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phosphorus inorganic, Low | CO2, High | Glucose, High | CO2, Low | Potassium, Low | ALT, High | Albumin, Low | Calcium, Low | Sodium, Low | |
| Part C: GSK1292263 150 mg BID | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 300 mg BID | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 50 mg BID | 0 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 600 mg Once Daily | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Part C: Placebo | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Part C: Sitagliptin 100 mg | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Hematology parameters included platelet count, RBC count, MCV, total neutrophils, WBC absolute, MCH, lymphocytes, MCHC, monocytes, hemoglobin, eosinophils, hematocrit, reticulocytes and basophils. It was assessed on Screening, Day -2 (can be non-fasting) and prior to breakfast (early in the morning, fasting) on Days 1, 7 and 14, and on Day 15 prior to checkout, (=24 hours post-dose) of each treatment period and Follow-up (7 to 10 days after final discharge). Only those parameters for which at least one value of PCI was reported are summarized. Null data is not presented. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Up to Week 7
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Hematocrit, High | Hemoglobin, High | Total neutrophils, Low | |
| Part C: GSK1292263 150 mg BID | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 300 mg BID | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 50 mg BID | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 600 mg Once Daily | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Part C: Placebo | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Part C: Sitagliptin 100 mg | 0 | 2 | 1 |
SBP, DBP and pulse rate measurements were recorded at each time point, assessment was performed after resting in a supine or semi-supine position for at least 10 minutes. Participants with abnormal clinically significant vital signs findings is presented. It was assessed on Screening, on Days -1 to 14 in a fasting state early in the morning (prior to morning dosing on days 1-14) and at Follow-up. On Days 1, 7, 13 and 14, it was also taken at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 hours after the morning dose each treatment period and Follow-up (7 to 10 days after final discharge). (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Up to Week 7
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| SBP, Low | SBP, High | Pulse rate, High | |
| Part C: GSK1292263 150 mg BID | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 300 mg BID | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 50 mg BID | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 600 mg Once Daily | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Part C: Placebo | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Part C: Sitagliptin 100 mg | 0 | 0 | 0 |
An AE was defined as any untoward MO in a participant temporally associated with the use of a MP, whether or not considered related to the MP and can therefore be any unfavourable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with its use. The SAE was any untoward MO that, at any dose, results in death, life threatening, persistent or significant disability/incapacity, results in or prolongs inpatient hospitalization, congenital abnormality or birth defect, that may not be immediately life-threatening or result in death or hospitalization but may jeopardize the participant or may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the other outcomes listed in this definition. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Up to Week 7
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| Any AE | Any SAE | |
| Part C: GSK1292263 150 mg BID | 5 | 0 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 300 mg BID | 1 | 0 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 50 mg BID | 4 | 0 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 600 mg Once Daily | 4 | 0 |
| Part C: Placebo | 4 | 0 |
| Part C: Sitagliptin 100 mg | 2 | 0 |
"Blood samples for the determination of insulin were collected fasting pre-breakfast and then pre-morning dose (PD time 0) on Days -1, 13 and 14, and then at 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 min after eating the standardized breakfast meal tolerance test. For lunch (approximately 4 hour post-morning dose) samples were collected just before the meal and at the following times after starting each meal: 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 hours. For the evening meal (approximately 10 hour post-morning dose), BID dosing groups followed the sequence of sampling, food and dosing as for breakfast (PD sample immediately before meal, eat and then dose), then 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 hours post-dinner. A sample was also collected 24 hours post-dose.~When this results in multiple samples at the same time point, only one sample was collected (example: 24 hours post first-dose = pre-dose [time 0] for the second dose)." (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Day -1, 13 and 14
| Intervention | mL/min×1/µIU×10^4 (Geometric Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Day -1 | Day 13 | Day 14 | |
| Part C: GSK1292263 150 mg BID | 9.8 | 8.6 | 9.0 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 300 mg BID | 9.2 | 8.7 | 7.3 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 50 mg BID | 6.4 | 5.6 | 5.7 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 600 mg Once Daily | 8.0 | 7.2 | 8.0 |
| Part C: Placebo | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.8 |
| Part C: Sitagliptin 100 mg | 7.0 | 7.4 | 5.7 |
Ro was derived as follows: Ro = Day 13 (AUC0-24)/Day 1 (AUC0-24) for once daily dosing; Ro = Day 13 AM (AUC0-10)/Day 1 AM (AUC0-10) for BID dosing and Ro = Day 13 (AUC0-24)/Day 1 (AUC0-24) for BID dosing. When GSK1292263 was dosed once daily, blood samples were collected on Days 1, 13 and 14 immediately pre-dose (time 0) and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 14 and 24 hours post-dose. When GSK1292263 was dosed BID, blood samples were collected on Days 1, 13 and 14, at immediately pre-morning dose, 1,2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 24 hours post-morning dose. For once daily and BID dosing regimens on Day 7, blood samples were collected at pre-dose (= post-breakfast), 1, 2, 4 (= pre-lunch), 6, 10 (=immediately post-dinner) and 12 hours. When planned PK sampling results in multiple samples at the same time point, only one sample was collected. Data presented for Day 13 and Day 14. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Days 1, 7, 13 and 14
| Intervention | Ratio (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Day 13 | Day 14 | |
| Part C: GSK1292263 150 mg BID | 2.17 | 2.15 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 300 mg BID | 1.72 | 1.77 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 50 mg BID | 2.22 | 2.29 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 600 mg Once Daily | 1.29 | 1.39 |
The AUC0-10, AUC0-12 and AUC0-24 determined using the linear trapezoidal rule for increasing concentrations and the logarithmic trapezoidal rule for decreasing concentrations. When GSK1292263 was dosed once daily, blood samples were collected on Days 1, 13 and 14 immediately pre-dose (time 0) and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 14 and 24 hours post-dose. When GSK1292263 was dosed BID, blood samples were collected on Days 1, 13 and 14, at immediately pre-morning dose, 1,2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 24 hours post-morning dose. For QD and BID dosing regimens on Day 7, blood samples were collected at pre-dose (=post- breakfast), 1, 2, 4 (=pre lunch), 6, 10 (=immediately post-dinner) and 12 hours. When planned PK sampling results in multiple samples at the same time point, only one sample was collected. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Days 1, 7, 13 and 14
| Intervention | Ratio (Geometric Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AUC 0-10, Day 1 | AUC 0-10, Day 13 | AUC 0-10, Day 14 | AUC 0-12, Day 7 | AUC 0-24, Day 1 | AUC 0-24, Day 13 | AUC 0-24, Day 14 | |
| Part C: GSK1292263 150 mg BID | 1868.87 | 5869.82 | 5723.55 | 6413.05 | 6439.56 | 14463.50 | 14356.75 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 300 mg BID | 3076.52 | 7332.26 | 7451.13 | 9965.14 | 11078.97 | 18682.34 | 19134.61 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 50 mg BID | 1127.45 | 3167.19 | 3179.51 | 3559.59 | 3552.46 | 7776.26 | 8026.26 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 600 mg Once Daily | 4003.80 | 5348.21 | 5470.57 | 6268.95 | 7153.16 | 9388.93 | 10166.83 |
The AUC0-10, AUC0-12 and AUC0-24 determined using the linear trapezoidal rule for increasing concentrations and the logarithmic trapezoidal rule for decreasing concentrations. When GSK1292263 was dosed once daily, blood samples were collected on Days 1, 13 and 14 immediately pre-dose (time 0) and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 14 and 24 hours post-dose. When GSK1292263 was dosed BID, blood samples were collected on Days 1, 13 and 14, at immediately pre-morning dose, 1,2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 24 hours post-morning dose. For once daily and BID dosing regimens on Day 7, blood samples were collected at pre-dose (= post- breakfast), 1, 2, 4 (= pre lunch), 6, 10 (= immediately post-dinner) and 12 hours. When planned PK sampling results in multiple samples at the same time point, only one sample was collected. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Days 1, 7, 13 and 14
| Intervention | Nanograms×hour per mL (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| AUC 0-24, Day 14 | AUC 0-t, Day 14 | |
| Part C: GSK1292263 150 mg BID | 2585.15 | 2585.10 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 300 mg BID | 3338.49 | 3338.27 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 50 mg BID | 2701.81 | 2701.79 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 600 mg Once Daily | 3012.70 | 3012.70 |
| Part C: Placebo | 2437.10 | 2436.88 |
| Part C: Sitagliptin 100 mg | 3027.99 | 3027.81 |
Blood samples were collected fasting pre-breakfast and pre-morning dose (PD time 0) on Days -1, 13 and 14 and then at 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 min after eating the standardized breakfast meal tolerance test. For lunch (4 hour post-morning dose) samples were collected just before the meal and after starting each meal: 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 hours. For the evening meal (10 hour post-morning dose), BID dosing groups followed the sequence of sampling, food and dosing as for breakfast (PD sample immediately before meal, eat and then dose), then 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 hours post-dinner. A sample was also collected 24 hours post-dose. When this results in multiple samples at the same time point, only one sample was collected. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting Baseline value minus post-Baseline value. The point estimates and corresponding 95% CI for treatment ratios were calculated for treatment comparisons versus placebo. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1 pre-dose) and Day -1, 13 and 14.
| Intervention | Millimoles per Liter (Geometric Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 7, 1 Hour | Day 7, 2 Hours | Day 7, 4 Hours | Day 7, 6 Hours | Day 7, 10 Hours | Day 7, 12 Hours | Day 14, 24 Hours | |
| Part C: GSK1292263 150 mg BID | 4.93 | 3.65 | 1.11 | 3.72 | 1.91 | 2.42 | 1.09 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 300 mg BID | 7.39 | 5.00 | 1.13 | 6.16 | 3.18 | 4.41 | 1.34 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 50 mg BID | 4.60 | 4.71 | 1.85 | 4.98 | 2.07 | 3.66 | 1.26 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 600 mg Once Daily | 5.17 | 3.61 | 2.05 | 4.15 | 3.13 | 3.53 | 1.21 |
| Part C: Placebo | 5.51 | 2.59 | 0.95 | 3.93 | 2.06 | 3.77 | 1.52 |
| Part C: Sitagliptin 100 mg | 4.09 | 3.17 | 2.13 | 3.70 | 5.17 | 3.33 | 2.08 |
Blood samples were collected fasting pre-breakfast and pre-morning dose (PD time 0) on Days -1, 13 and 14 and then at 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 min after eating the standardized breakfast meal tolerance test. For lunch (4 hour post-morning dose) samples were collected just before the meal and after starting each meal: 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 hours. For the evening meal (10 hour post-morning dose), BID dosing groups followed the sequence of sampling, food and dosing as for breakfast (PD sample immediately before meal, eat and then dose), then 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 hours post-dinner. A sample was also collected 24 hours post-dose. When this results in multiple samples at the same time point, only one sample was collected. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting Baseline value minus post-Baseline value. The point estimates and corresponding 95% CI for treatment ratios were calculated for treatment comparisons versus placebo. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1 pre-dose) and Day -1, 13 and 14
| Intervention | Millimoles per Liter (Geometric Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 7, 1 Hour | Day 7, 2 Hours | Day 7, 4 Hours | Day 7, 6 Hours | Day 7, 10 Hours | Day 7, 12 Hours | Day 14, 24 Hours | |
| Part C: GSK1292263 150 mg BID | 117.15 | 94.18 | 20.10 | 88.70 | 55.28 | 95.16 | 1.51 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 300 mg BID | 151.56 | 143.75 | 27.32 | 136.15 | 55.40 | 98.26 | 3.54 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 50 mg BID | 158.91 | 92.17 | 35.05 | 103.52 | 68.08 | 107.52 | 12.45 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 600 mg Once Daily | 129.44 | 87.30 | 21.93 | 131.08 | 66.90 | 114.93 | 11.03 |
| Part C: Placebo | 216.95 | 160.57 | 19.41 | 142.10 | 64.04 | 138.42 | 7.87 |
| Part C: Sitagliptin 100 mg | 162.83 | 163.46 | 30.25 | 130.88 | 39.35 | 123.65 | 3.26 |
The first occurrence of the maximum observed plasma concentration determined directly from the raw concentration-time data. When GSK1292263 was dosed once daily, blood samples were collected on Days 1, 13 and 14 immediately pre-dose (time 0) and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 14 and 24 hours post-dose. When GSK1292263 was dosed BID, blood samples were collected on Days 1, 13 and 14, at immediately pre-morning dose, 1,2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 24 hours post-morning dose. For once daily and BID dosing regimens on Day 7, blood samples were collected at pre-dose (= post-breakfast), 1, 2, 4 (= pre-lunch), 6, 10 (=immediately post-dinner) and 12 hours. When planned PK sampling results in multiple samples at the same time point, only one sample was collected. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Days 1, 7, 13 and 14
| Intervention | Nanograms per millimeter (Geometric Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 1 | Day 7 | Day 13 | Day 14 | |
| Part C: GSK1292263 150 mg BID | 364.73 | 715.01 | 732.05 | 715.71 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 300 mg BID | 584.32 | 1149.32 | 969.19 | 950.52 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 50 mg BID | 219.36 | 410.98 | 433.12 | 438.36 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 600 mg Once Daily | 721.18 | 813.03 | 831.23 | 772.89 |
The time at which Cmax was observed was determined directly from the raw concentration-time data. The lag time before observation of drug concentrations in sample matrix determined as the time of the sample preceding the first quantifiable concentration. When GSK1292263 was dosed once daily, blood samples were collected on Days 1, 13 and 14 immediately pre-dose (time 0) and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 14 and 24 hours post-dose. When GSK1292263 was dosed BID, blood samples were collected on Days 1, 13 and 14, at immediately pre-morning dose, 1,2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 24 hours post-morning dose. For once daily and BID dosing regimens on Day 7, blood samples were collected at pre-dose (= post-breakfast), 1, 2, 4 (= pre-lunch), 6, 10 (= immediately post-dinner) and 12 hours. When planned PK sampling results in multiple samples at the same time point, only one sample was collected. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Days 1, 7, 13 and 14
| Intervention | Hour (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| T-half, Day 14 | T-max, Day 14 | |
| Part C: GSK1292263 150 mg BID | 7.24 | 2.00 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 300 mg BID | 7.38 | 2.00 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 50 mg BID | 7.60 | 2.00 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 600 mg Once Daily | 7.22 | 2.00 |
| Part C: Placebo | 7.85 | 2.00 |
| Part C: Sitagliptin 100 mg | 7.89 | 2.00 |
The time at which Cmax was observed was determined directly from the raw concentration-time data. The lag time before observation of drug concentrations in sample matrix determined as the time of the sample preceding the first quantifiable concentration. When GSK1292263 was dosed once daily, blood samples were collected on Days 1, 13 and 14 immediately pre-dose (time 0) and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 14 and 24 hours post-dose. When GSK1292263 was dosed BID, blood samples were collected on Days 1, 13 and 14, at immediately pre-morning dose, 1,2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 24 hours post-morning dose. For once daily and BID dosing regimens on Day 7, blood samples were collected at pre-dose (= post-breakfast), 1, 2, 4 (= pre-lunch), 6, 10 (=immediately post-dinner) and 12 hours. When planned PK sampling results in multiple samples at the same time point, only one sample was collected. (NCT01119846)
Timeframe: Days 1, 7, 13 and 14
| Intervention | Hour (Median) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T-lag, Day 1 | T-max, Day 1 | T-max, Day 7 | T-max, Day 13 | T-max, Day 14 | |
| Part C: GSK1292263 150 mg BID | 0.00 | 12.00 | 3.97 | 3.98 | 3.98 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 300 mg BID | 0.00 | 12.00 | 3.97 | 3.97 | 3.98 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 50 mg BID | 0.00 | 4.00 | 3.97 | 3.97 | 4.01 |
| Part C: GSK1292263 600 mg Once Daily | 0.50 | 3.97 | 4.0 | 3.97 | 3.98 |
The change from baseline reflects the Week 24 FPG minus the Week 0 FPG with last observation carried forward. (NCT00631007)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| INT131 Besylate 0.5 mg | -0.3 |
| INT131 Besylate 1 mg | -14.6 |
| INT131 Besylate 2 mg | -28.9 |
| INT131 Besylate 3 mg | -26.9 |
| Pioglitazone HCl 45 mg | -33.2 |
| Placebo | 4.6 |
HbA1c is measured as percent. Thus this change from baseline reflects the week 24 HbA1c percent minus the Week 0 HbA1c percent (NCT00631007)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-24
| Intervention | Percernt (Mean) |
|---|---|
| INT131 Besylate 0.5 mg | -0.3 |
| INT131 Besylate 1 mg | -0.6 |
| INT131 Besylate 2 mg | -0.9 |
| INT131 Besylate 3 mg | -1.0 |
| Pioglitazone HCl 45 mg | -0.9 |
| Placebo | -0.1 |
The change from baseline to 24 weeks in the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in plasma. The least squares (LS) mean was estimated from a mixed-effects model with repeated measures (MMRM) that included baseline HbA1c concentration as a covariate, treatment, country, week of visit, and treatment-by-week interaction as fixed effects, and participant and error as random effects. (NCT01175824)
Timeframe: Baseline, 24 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Lispro Low Mixture | -1.30 |
| Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro | -1.08 |
The change from baseline to 24 weeks in the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in plasma. The least squares (LS) mean was estimated from a mixed-effects model with repeated measures (MMRM) that included baseline HbA1c concentration as a covariate, treatment, country, week of visit, and treatment-by-week interaction as fixed effects, and participant and error as random effects. (NCT01175824)
Timeframe: Baseline, 24 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Lispro Low Mixture | -1.30 |
| Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro | -1.09 |
The change from baseline to 12 weeks in the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in plasma. The least squares (LS) mean was estimated from a mixed-effects model with repeated measures (MMRM) that included baseline HbA1c concentration as a covariate, treatment, country, week of visit, and treatment-by-week interaction as fixed effects, and participant and error as random effects. (NCT01175824)
Timeframe: Baseline, 12 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Lispro Low Mixture | -1.12 |
| Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro | -1.01 |
ITSQ: validated instrument containing 22 items which are measured on a 7-point scale: 1 (no bother at all) to 7 (a tremendous bother) used to assess insulin treatment satisfaction. Items are divided into 5 domains: Inconvenience of Regimen (5 items: domain score range 5 to 35), Lifestyle Flexibility (3 items: domain score range 3 to 21), Glycemic Control (3 items: domain score range 3 to 21), Hypoglycemic Control (5 items: domain score range 5 to 35), Insulin Delivery Device (6 items: domain score range 6 to 42) lower scores reflect better outcome. ITSQ Total Overall Score ranged from 22 to 154. Raw domain scores transformed on 0-100 scale, where transformed domain score = 100×[(7-raw domain score)/6]. Higher scores indicate better treatment satisfaction. Least squares (LS) mean estimated from analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model that included baseline score as covariate and treatment, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) stratum, and country as fixed effects. (NCT01175824)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Lispro Low Mixture | 80.91 |
| Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro | 81.84 |
A hypoglycemic episode was defined as an event associated with 1) reported signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia, and/or 2) a documented blood glucose (BG) concentration of <= 70 milligrams per deciliter [mg/dL, 3.9 millimoles per liter (mmol/L)]. (NCT01175824)
Timeframe: Baseline through 24 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Lispro Low Mixture | 144 |
| Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro | 150 |
The number of participants who had a severe hypoglycemic episode anytime during the study. Severe hypoglycemia was defined as any event in which the participant required the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. (NCT01175824)
Timeframe: Baseline through 24 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Lispro Low Mixture | 2 |
| Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro | 0 |
The hypoglycemia rate per 30 days was calculated as the number of episodes reported for the interval between visits and during the study divided by the number of days in the given interval and multiplied by 30. (NCT01175824)
Timeframe: Baseline through 24 weeks
| Intervention | hypoglycemic episodes per 30 day period (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Lispro Low Mixture | 1.07 |
| Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro | 1.36 |
7-point Self-monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Profiles are measures of blood glucose taken 7 times a day at the morning pre-meal, morning 2-hours post-meal, midday pre-meal, midday 2-hours post-meal, evening pre-meal, evening 2-hours post-meal, and 0300 hour [3 am]. Each participant took measures on 3 non-consecutive days and the average was calculated for each of the 7 time points. The mean of the 7-point averages was calculated for all the participants at baseline, Weeks 12 and 24. The least squares (LS) mean was estimated from mixed-effects model with repeated measures that included the baseline value of the variable as a covariate, treatment, country, baseline glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)stratification level, week of visit, and treatment-by-week interaction as fixed effects, and participant and error as random effects. (NCT01175824)
Timeframe: 12 weeks, 24 weeks
| Intervention | millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pre-morning meal (Week 12) (n=223, 222) | 2 hour post-morning meal (Week 12) (n=220, 221) | pre-midday meal (Week 12) (n=220, 221) | 2 hours post-midday meal (Week 12) (n=220, 221) | pre-evening meal (Week 12) (n=221, 221) | 2 hours post-evening meal (Week 12) (n=217, 220) | 3 am - during the night (Week 12)(n=197, 201) | pre-morning meal (Week 24) (n=217, 216) | 2 hours post-morning meal (Week 24) (n=216, 215) | pre-midday meal (Week 24) (n=215, 216) | 2 hours post-midday meal (Week 24) (n=216, 216) | pre-evening meal (Week 24) (n=216, 216) | 2 hours post-evening meal (Week 24) (n=212, 216) | 3 am - during the night (Week 24)(n=198, 195) | |
| Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro | 6.20 | 9.01 | 7.44 | 9.14 | 8.25 | 9.10 | 8.52 | 6.26 | 8.86 | 7.44 | 8.99 | 7.95 | 8.95 | 8.26 |
| Insulin Lispro Low Mixture | 6.87 | 8.82 | 6.96 | 9.46 | 7.98 | 9.15 | 8.21 | 6.60 | 8.52 | 6.82 | 9.08 | 7.70 | 9.11 | 8.05 |
The least squares (LS) mean was estimated from a mixed-effects model with repeated measures (MMRM) that included baseline fasting plasma glucose value as a covariate, treatment, country, baseline HbA1c stratification level, week of visit, and treatment-by-week interaction as fixed effects, and participant and error as random effects. (NCT01175824)
Timeframe: Baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks
| Intervention | millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Change at 12 Weeks (n= 222, 222) | Change at 24 Weeks (n=219, 217) | |
| Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro | 0.64 | 0.75 |
| Insulin Lispro Low Mixture | 1.04 | 0.89 |
The least squares (LS) mean was estimated from a mixed-effects model with repeated measures (MMRM) that included baseline weight as a covariate, treatment, country, baseline glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) stratification level, week of visit, and the treatment-by-week interaction as fixed effects, and participant and error as random effects. (NCT01175824)
Timeframe: Baseline, 12 weeks, 24 weeks
| Intervention | kilograms (kg) (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Change at 12 weeks (n=224, 225) | Change at 24 weeks (n=219, 217) | |
| Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro | 0.34 | 0.50 |
| Insulin Lispro Low Mixture | 0.54 | 1.13 |
(NCT01175824)
Timeframe: 12 weeks, 24 weeks
| Intervention | international units (IU) (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Insulin Dose at 12 Weeks (n=224, 224) | Total Insulin Dose at 24 Weeks LOCF (n=236, 240) | Basal Insulin Dose at 12 Weeks (n=224, 224) | Basal Insulin Dose at 24 Weeks LOCF (n=236, 240) | Prandial Insulin Dose at 12 Weeks (n=224, 224) | Prandial Insulin Dose at 24 Weeks LOCF(n=236, 240) | |
| Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro | 49.2 | 50.8 | 37.1 | 37.4 | 12.1 | 13.5 |
| Insulin Lispro Low Mixture | 51.2 | 53.1 | 38.4 | 39.8 | 12.8 | 13.3 |
The 7-point SMBG profile was calculated as the average blood glucose concentration across the 7 pre-specified time points in a day that was then averaged over 3 non-consecutive days in the 2 weeks prior to the 12 week visit and 24 week visit. Glycemic variability was calculated as the standard deviation of the 7-point SMBG profiles. Standard deviation was first calculated for each day and then averaged over 3 non-consecutive days for each visit. The least squares (LS) mean was estimated from mixed-effects model with repeated measures that included the baseline value of the variable as a covariate, treatment, country, baseline glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)stratification level, week of visit, and treatment-by-week interaction as fixed effects, and participant and error as random effects. (NCT01175824)
Timeframe: 12 weeks, 24 weeks
| Intervention | millimoles/liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| SMBG glycemic variability, 12 weeks (n=220, 221) | SMBG glycemic variability, 24 weeks (n=216, 216) | |
| Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro | 2.13 | 1.99 |
| Insulin Lispro Low Mixture | 2.12 | 2.03 |
(NCT01175824)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| HbA1c <7% | HbA1c <=6.5% | |
| Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro | 66 | 31 |
| Insulin Lispro Low Mixture | 76 | 36 |
PAM-D21 is a validated questionnaire consisting of 21 items to assess a participant's perceptions about their diabetes treatment regimens and perceived emotional and physical side-effects. The PAM-D21 consists of 4 subscales: Convenience/Flexibility (items 1 to 3); Perceived Effectiveness (items 4 to 6); Emotional Effects (items 7 to 11); and Physical Effects (items 12 to 21). Item scores range from 1 (none of the time) to 4 (all of the time). Subscale scores were linearly transformed to a 0-100, with higher score corresponds to better perceptions about diabetes medications. The least squares (LS) mean was estimated from an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model that included baseline score as a covariate and treatment, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) stratum, and country as fixed effects. (NCT01175824)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Convenience/Flexibility (n= 231, 230) | Perceived Effectiveness (n=231, 230) | Emotional Effects (n=231, 230) | Physical Effects (n=231, 228) | |
| Insulin Glargine+Insulin Lispro | 84.13 | 78.76 | 81.86 | 89.04 |
| Insulin Lispro Low Mixture | 83.90 | 76.78 | 81.84 | 87.89 |
The number of participants with postbaseline detection of treatment-emergent antidrug LY2189265 antibodies (ADA) is summarized. (NCT00734474)
Timeframe: Baseline through 104 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| LY2189265 | 9 |
Change from baseline in body weight was 1 of the 4 measures included in the clinical utility index (CUI) used to evaluate the dose decision. The maximum duration of exposure to LY2189265, Sitagliptin, or Placebo (across all treatment arms) at the decision point was 27.4 weeks. (NCT00734474)
Timeframe: Baseline up to 27.4 weeks
| Intervention | kilograms (kg) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 3.0 mg LY2189265 | -3.32 |
| 2.0 mg LY2189265 | -2.15 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | -2.12 |
| 1.0 mg LY2189265 | -2.23 |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | -1.17 |
| 0.5 mg LY2189265 | -1.53 |
| 0.25 mg LY2189265 | -0.85 |
| Sitagliptin | -0.43 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin (Baseline Through 26 Weeks) | -0.56 |
Change from baseline in HbA1c was 1 of the 4 measures included in the clinical utility index (CUI) used to evaluate the dose decision. The maximum duration of exposure to LY2189265, Sitagliptin, or Placebo (across all treatment arms) at the decision point was 27.4 weeks. (NCT00734474)
Timeframe: Baseline up to 27.4 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of HbA1c (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 3.0 mg LY2189265 | -1.09 |
| 2.0 mg LY2189265 | -1.25 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | -1.49 |
| 1.0 mg LY2189265 | -0.98 |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | -1.02 |
| 0.5 mg LY2189265 | -0.94 |
| 0.25 mg LY2189265 | -0.70 |
| Sitagliptin | -0.76 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin (Baseline Through 26 Weeks) | -0.06 |
Sitting pulse rate was measured at the time that the dose decision was made (dose decision point). Change from baseline in pulse rate was 1 of the 4 measures included in the clinical utility index (CUI) used to evaluate the dose decision. The maximum duration of exposure to LY2189265, Sitagliptin, or Placebo (across all treatment arms) at the decision point was 27.4 weeks. (NCT00734474)
Timeframe: Baseline up to 27.4 weeks
| Intervention | beats per minute (bpm) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 3.0 mg LY2189265 | 6.63 |
| 2.0 mg LY2189265 | 3.43 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 2.39 |
| 1.0 mg LY2189265 | 3.34 |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | -1.63 |
| 0.5 mg LY2189265 | 1.91 |
| 0.25 mg LY2189265 | 1.05 |
| Sitagliptin | -0.16 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin (Baseline Through 26 Weeks) | 1.81 |
Least squares (LS) means were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and last observation carried forward (LOCF) imputation with country and treatment as fixed effects and baseline HbA1c as a covariate. (NCT00734474)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | -1.10 |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | -0.87 |
| Sitagliptin | -0.39 |
The number of participants with pancreatitis confirmed by adjudication is summarized cumulatively. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT00734474)
Timeframe: Baseline through 104 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| 3.0 mg LY2189265 | 0 |
| 2.0 mg LY2189265 | 0 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 0 |
| 1.0 mg LY2189265 | 0 |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 0 |
| 0.5 mg LY2189265 | 0 |
| 0.25 mg LY2189265 | 0 |
| Sitagliptin | 2 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin (Baseline Through 26 Weeks) | 0 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin (26 Weeks Through 104 Weeks) | 1 |
A treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) was defined as an event that first occurs or worsens (increases in severity) after baseline regardless of causality or severity. The number of participants with 1 or more TEAEs is summarized cumulatively. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT00734474)
Timeframe: Baseline through 104 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 259 |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 255 |
| Sitagliptin | 242 |
A treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) was defined as an event that first occurs or worsens (increases in severity) after baseline regardless of causality or severity. The number of participants with 1 or more TEAEs is summarized cumulatively. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT00734474)
Timeframe: Baseline through 26 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 208 |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 204 |
| Sitagliptin | 185 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin (Baseline Through 26 Weeks) | 111 |
A treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) was defined as an event that first occurs or worsens (increases in severity) after baseline regardless of causality or severity. The number of participants with 1 or more TEAEs is summarized cumulatively. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT00734474)
Timeframe: Baseline through 52 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| 3.0 mg LY2189265 | 9 |
| 2.0 mg LY2189265 | 20 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 233 |
| 1.0 mg LY2189265 | 8 |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 231 |
| 0.5 mg LY2189265 | 15 |
| 0.25 mg LY2189265 | 10 |
| Sitagliptin | 219 |
Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameter estimates from LY2189265 concentration data were obtained using a 2-compartment population PK model with first order absorption. Area under the plasma-concentration curve from 0 to 168 hours, steady state (AUC0-168h, ss) of LY2189265 is summarized. (NCT00734474)
Timeframe: Baseline through 52 weeks
| Intervention | nanograms times hours per milliliter (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 13378 |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 7246 |
The homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) is a method used to quantify insulin resistance and beta (β)-cell function. HOMA2-%B is a computer model that uses fasting plasma insulin and glucose concentrations to estimate steady state beta cell function (%B) as a percentage of a normal reference population (normal young adults). HOMA2-%S is a computer model that uses fasting plasma insulin and glucose concentrations to estimate insulin sensitivity (%S), as percentages of a normal reference population (normal young adults). The normal reference population for both HOMA2-%B and HOMA2-%S were set at 100%. Least squares (LS) means of change from baseline of C-peptide based HOMA2-%B and HOMA2-%S were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with treatment, country, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. (NCT00734474)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26, 52, and 104 weeks
| Intervention | HOMA2-% (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HOMA2-%B, 26 Weeks (n=206, 226, 206, 84) | HOMA2-%B, 52 Weeks (n=188, 198, 180) | HOMA2-%B, 104 Weeks (n=148, 154, 134) | HOMA2-%S, 26 Weeks (n=206, 226, 206, 84) | HOMA2-%S, 52 Weeks (n=188, 198, 180) | HOMA2-%S, 104 Weeks (n=148, 154, 134) | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 26.98 | 22.30 | 19.11 | 0.78 | 2.28 | -0.12 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 32.28 | 33.57 | 30.89 | 5.75 | 4.69 | 3.82 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin (Baseline Through 26 Weeks) | 1.60 | NA | NA | 9.82 | NA | NA |
| Sitagliptin | 10.81 | 6.66 | 1.47 | 2.29 | 4.25 | 5.61 |
Least squares (LS) means of change from baseline body weight were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and last observation carried forward (LOCF) imputation with country and treatment as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. (NCT00734474)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26, 52, and 104 weeks
| Intervention | kilograms (kg) (Least Squares Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 26 Weeks | 52 Weeks | 104 Weeks | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | -2.63 | -2.60 | -2.39 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | -3.18 | -3.03 | -2.88 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin (Baseline Through 26 Weeks) | -1.47 | NA | NA |
| Sitagliptin | -1.46 | -1.53 | -1.75 |
Sitting and standing systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured. Least squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with treatment, country, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. (NCT00734474)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, 104 weeks
| Intervention | millimeters of mercury (mmHg) (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sitting SBP, 26 Weeks (n=271, 278, 283, 138) | Sitting SBP, 104 Weeks (n=197, 192, 191) | Sitting DBP, 26 Weeks (n=271, 278, 283, 138) | Sitting DBP, 104 Weeks (n=197, 192, 191) | Standing SBP, 26 Weeks (n=271, 277, 281, 138) | Standing SBP, 104 Weeks (n=197, 192, 191) | Standing DBP, 26 Weeks (n=271, 277, 281, 138) | Standing DBP, 104 Weeks (n=197, 192, 191) | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | -1.40 | 1.28 | -0.20 | 1.40 | -1.72 | 0.17 | 0.03 | 0.36 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | -1.73 | -0.07 | -0.43 | 0.38 | -1.53 | -1.30 | -0.11 | -0.23 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin (Baseline Through 26 Weeks) | 1.12 | NA | 0.68 | NA | 0.26 | NA | -0.52 | NA |
| Sitagliptin | -1.94 | 0.02 | -1.06 | -0.36 | -2.54 | -1.20 | -1.36 | -0.67 |
Sitting systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured at the dose decision point. Change from baseline in DBP was 1 of the 4 measures included in the clinical utility index (CUI) used to evaluate the dose decision. The maximum duration of exposure to LY2189265, Sitagliptin, or Placebo (across all treatment arms) at the time of the decision point was 27.4 weeks. (NCT00734474)
Timeframe: Baseline up to 27.4 weeks
| Intervention | millimeters of mercury (mmHg) (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Sitting SBP | Sitting DBP | |
| 0.25 mg LY2189265 | 1.67 | 1.28 |
| 0.5 mg LY2189265 | 0.40 | -0.75 |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | -6.21 | -3.18 |
| 1.0 mg LY2189265 | -2.00 | -0.08 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | -4.77 | -1.20 |
| 2.0 mg LY2189265 | -4.63 | -1.17 |
| 3.0 mg LY2189265 | -8.85 | -1.21 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin (Baseline Through 26 Weeks) | -0.61 | -0.22 |
| Sitagliptin | -2.16 | -1.11 |
The QT interval is a measure of the time between the start of the Q wave and the end of the T wave and was calculated from electrocardiogram (ECG) data using Fridericia's formula: QTc = QT/RR^0.33. Corrected QT (QTc) is the QT interval corrected for heart rate and RR, which is the interval between two R waves. PR is the interval between the P wave and the QRS complex. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with treatment, country, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. (NCT00734474)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, 104 weeks
| Intervention | milliseconds (msec) (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PR Interval, 26 Weeks (n=256, 261, 268, 132) | PR Interval, 104 Weeks (n=168, 170, 167) | QTcF Interval, 26 Weeks (n=258, 262, 268, 132) | QTcF Interval, 104 Weeks (n=169, 170, 168) | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 1.60 | 3.06 | -2.44 | -2.49 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 2.94 | 4.59 | -3.86 | -2.71 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin (Baseline Through 26 Weeks) | 2.24 | NA | 1.76 | NA |
| Sitagliptin | 0.42 | 3.19 | -1.31 | -0.02 |
Sitting and standing pulse rate were measured. Least squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with treatment, country, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects and baseline as covariate. (NCT00734474)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, 104 weeks
| Intervention | beats per minute (bpm) (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sitting, 26 Weeks (n=271, 278, 283, 138) | Sitting, 104 Weeks (n=197, 192, 191) | Standing, 26 Weeks (n=271, 277, 281, 138) | Standing, 104 Weeks (n=197, 192, 191) | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 1.90 | 2.77 | 2.00 | 2.50 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 2.57 | 2.28 | 3.24 | 2.26 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin (Baseline Through 26 Weeks) | -0.22 | NA | -0.17 | NA |
| Sitagliptin | -0.11 | -0.78 | -0.24 | -1.06 |
Durability of effect on body weight was assessed by comparing the differences in mean change from baseline in body weight at 1 time point versus an earlier time point. Least squares (LS) means of change from baseline body weight data were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) analysis with treatment, country, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. (NCT00734474)
Timeframe: Baseline, 13, 26, 52, and 104 weeks
| Intervention | kilograms (kg) (Least Squares Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 26 Weeks Versus 13 Weeks (n=271, 278, 282, 138) | 52 Weeks Versus 26 Weeks (n=246, 255, 253) | 104 Weeks Versus 26 Weeks (n=197, 192, 191) | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | -0.57 | 0.06 | 0.32 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | -0.53 | 0.17 | 0.42 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin (Baseline Through 26 Weeks) | -0.37 | NA | NA |
| Sitagliptin | -0.42 | -0.04 | -0.39 |
Durability of effect on HbA1c was assessed by comparing the differences in mean change from baseline in HbA1c at 1 time point versus an earlier time point. Least squares (LS) means of change from baseline HbA1c data were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) analysis with treatment, country, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. (NCT00734474)
Timeframe: Baseline, 13, 26, 52, and 104 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 26 Weeks Versus 13 Weeks (n=269, 269, 276, 136) | 52 Weeks Versus 26 Weeks (n=245, 254, 250) | 104 Weeks Versus 52 Weeks (n=194, 191, 190) | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 0.02 | 0.16 | 0.16 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | -0.03 | 0.14 | 0.13 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin (Baseline Through 26 Weeks) | -0.14 | NA | NA |
| Sitagliptin | 0.00 | 0.24 | 0.09 |
Least squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with treatment, country, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. (NCT00734474)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26, 52, and 104 weeks
| Intervention | millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 26 Weeks (n=265, 271, 276, 135) | 52 Weeks (n=239, 247, 244) | 104 Weeks (n=190, 187, 181) | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | -1.97 | -1.63 | -1.39 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | -2.38 | -2.38 | -1.99 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin (Baseline Through 26 Weeks) | -0.49 | NA | NA |
| Sitagliptin | -0.97 | -0.90 | -0.47 |
Least squares (LS) means of change from baseline fasting insulin data were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) analysis with treatment, country, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. (NCT00734474)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26, 52, and 104 weeks
| Intervention | picomoles per liter (pmol/L) (Least Squares Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 26 Weeks (n=238, 249, 230, 115) | 52 Weeks (n=207, 218, 200) | 104 Weeks (n=187, 200, 183) | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 10.15 | 12.95 | 21.56 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 11.59 | 10.57 | 11.36 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin (Baseline Through 26 Weeks) | -6.92 | NA | NA |
| Sitagliptin | 8.48 | 4.18 | 0.29 |
Least squares (LS) means were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and last observation carried forward (LOCF) imputation with country and treatment as fixed effects and baseline HbA1c as a covariate. (NCT00734474)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, 104 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| 26 Weeks | 104 Weeks | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | -1.01 | -0.71 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | -1.22 | -0.99 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin (Baseline Through 26 Weeks) | 0.03 | NA |
| Sitagliptin | -0.61 | -0.32 |
Hypoglycemic episodes (HE) were classified as severe (defined as episodes requiring assistance from another person to actively administer resuscitative actions), documented symptomatic (defined as any time a participant feels that he/she is experiencing symptoms and/or signs associated with hypoglycemia and has a plasma glucose level of ≤3.9 millimoles per liter [mmol/L]), asymptomatic (defined as episodes not accompanied by typical symptoms of hypoglycemia but with a measured plasma glucose of ≤3.9 mmol/L), nocturnal (defined as any episode that occurred between bedtime and waking), or probable symptomatic (defined as episodes during which symptoms of hypoglycemia were not accompanied by a plasma glucose determination). The number of participants with self-reported hypoglycemic events is summarized cumulatively. (NCT00734474)
Timeframe: Baseline through 26 and 104 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Severe HE, 26 Weeks | Severe HE, 104 Weeks | Documented Symptomatic HE, 26 Weeks | Documented Symptomatic HE, 104 Weeks | Asymptomatic HE, 26 Weeks | Asymptomatic HE, 104 Weeks | Nocturnal HE, 26 Weeks | Nocturnal HE, 104 Weeks | Probable HE, 26 Weeks | Probable HE, 104 Weeks | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 19 | 5 | 9 | 5 | 13 | 0 | 2 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 33 | 5 | 9 | 7 | 14 | 5 | 6 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin (Baseline Through 26 Weeks) | 0 | NA | 2 | NA | 0 | NA | 0 | NA | 0 | NA |
| Sitagliptin | 0 | 0 | 10 | 18 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 10 | 2 | 6 |
Data on any new cardiovascular (CV) event was prospectively collected using a CV event electronic case report form. At prespecified visits, participants were asked about any new CV event. Deaths and nonfatal cardiovascular adverse events (AEs) were adjudicated by a committee of physicians with cardiology expertise external to the Sponsor. The nonfatal cardiovascular AEs to be adjudicated include myocardial infarction, hospitalization for unstable angina, hospitalization for heart failure, coronary interventions (such as coronary artery bypass graft or percutaneous coronary intervention), and cerebrovascular events including cerebrovascular accident (stroke) and transient ischemic attack. The number of participants with adjudicated CV events is summarized cumulatively. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT00734474)
Timeframe: Baseline through 104 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Participants With Any CV Event | Participants With a Fatal CV Event | Participants With a Non-fatal CV Event | |
| 0.25 mg LY2189265 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 0.5 mg LY2189265 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 1.0 mg LY2189265 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 6 | 1 | 6 |
| 2.0 mg LY2189265 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 3.0 mg LY2189265 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin (26 Weeks Through 104 Weeks) | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin (Baseline Through 26 Weeks) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sitagliptin | 5 | 1 | 4 |
The number of participants with treatment-emergent abnormal laboratory results (defined as abnormalities that first occur after baseline) was summarized cumulatively for alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase or serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (ALT/SGPT), amylase (pancreatic and total), aspartate aminotransferase or serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (AST/SGOT), basophils, bilirubin (direct and total), calcitonin, chloride, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), creatinine, creatinine clearance, eosinophils, erythrocytes, gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), hematocrit, hemoglobin, leukocytes, lipase, lymphocytes, mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean cell volume (MCV), monocytes, neutrophils, platelets, potassium, sodium, urea nitrogen, and urine microalbumin-to-creatinine ratio (UMCR). (NCT00734474)
Timeframe: Baseline through 104 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alkaline Phosphate, High (n=276, 258, 281) | ALT/SGPT, High (n=232, 237, 244) | Amylase Pancreatic, High (n=283, 277, 295) | Amylase Total, High (n=266, 265, 277) | AST/SGOT, High (n=273, 269, 284) | Basophils, High (n=276, 268, 288) | Basophils, Low (n=277, 268, 288) | Bilirubin Direct, High (n=295, 291, 307) | Bilirubin Total, High (n=295, 290, 305) | Calcitonin, High (n=233, 239, 235) | Chloride, High (n=299, 293, 310) | Chloride, Low (n=299, 293, 308) | CPK, High (n=273, 262, 276) | Creatinine, High (n=294, 285, 303) | Creatinine Clearance, High (n=164, 186, 180) | Creatinine Clearance, Low (n=292, 278, 303) | Eosinophils, High (n=265, 265, 284) | Eosinophils, Low (n=277, 268, 288) | Erythrocyte Count, High (n=283, 276, 292) | Erythrocyte Count, Low (n=278, 272, 285) | GGT, High (n=234, 240, 245) | Hematocrit, High (n=280, 274, 290) | Hematocrit, Low (n=262, 251, 269) | Hemoglobin, High (n=282, 275, 294) | Hemoglobin, Low (n=265, 253, 269) | Leukocyte Count, High (n=277, 270, 292) | Leukocyte Count, Low (n=277, 267, 284) | Lipase, High (n=255, 248, 269) | Lymphocytes, High (n=257, 262, 279) | Lymphocytes, Low (n=273, 266, 281) | MCHC, High (n=281, 274, 291) | MCHC, Low (n=280, 272, 290) | MCV, High (n=267, 256, 273) | MCV, Low (n=270, 261, 286) | Monocytes, High (n=274, 267, 284) | Monocytes, Low (n=271, 264, 283) | Neutrophils, High (n=272, 263, 286) | Neutrophils, Low (n=271, 260, 280) | Platelet Count, High (n=273, 268, 287) | Platelet Count, Low (n=270, 260, 275) | Potassium, High (n=297, 291, 307) | Potassium, Low (n=298, 293, 308) | Sodium, High (n=291, 291, 307) | Sodium, Low (n=298, 292, 305) | Urea Nitrogen, High (n=287, 282, 305) | UMCR, High (n=223, 212, 239) | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 11 | 37 | 78 | 55 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 41 | 16 | 32 | 25 | 22 | 0 | 2 | 14 | 24 | 6 | 24 | 3 | 28 | 9 | 7 | 132 | 20 | 9 | 0 | 4 | 25 | 3 | 1 | 14 | 12 | 6 | 3 | 7 | 9 | 8 | 10 | 1 | 29 | 27 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 13 | 29 | 81 | 44 | 21 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 52 | 11 | 26 | 24 | 12 | 0 | 3 | 18 | 16 | 3 | 30 | 4 | 30 | 13 | 9 | 142 | 19 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 39 | 9 | 3 | 10 | 15 | 10 | 2 | 8 | 14 | 8 | 10 | 5 | 17 | 38 |
| Sitagliptin | 20 | 39 | 61 | 43 | 36 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 54 | 9 | 34 | 20 | 14 | 0 | 1 | 19 | 45 | 3 | 29 | 2 | 25 | 8 | 14 | 126 | 21 | 12 | 0 | 5 | 25 | 4 | 11 | 17 | 13 | 10 | 3 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 29 | 30 |
The number of participants with treatment-emergent abnormal laboratory results (defined as abnormalities that first occur after baseline) was summarized cumulatively for alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase or serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (ALT/SGPT), amylase (pancreatic and total), aspartate aminotransferase or serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (AST/SGOT), basophils, bilirubin (direct and total), calcitonin, chloride, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), creatinine, creatinine clearance, eosinophils, erythrocytes, gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), hematocrit, hemoglobin, leukocytes, lipase, lymphocytes, mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean cell volume (MCV), monocytes, neutrophils, platelets, potassium, sodium, urea nitrogen, and urine microalbumin-to-creatinine ratio (UMCR). (NCT00734474)
Timeframe: Baseline through 26 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alkaline Phosphatase (n=276, 258, 281, 162) | ALT/SGPT (n=232, 237, 244, 128) | Amylase Pancreatic, High (n=283, 277, 295, 160) | Amylase Total (n=266, 265, 277, 143) | AST/SGOT (n=273, 269, 284, 148) | Basophils, High (n=268, 259, 278, 163) | Basophils, Low (n=269, 259, 278, 163) | Bilirubin Direct, High (n=295, 291, 307, 171) | Bilirubin Total, High (n=295, 290, 305, 168) | Calcitonin, High (n=226, 233, 230, 113) | Chloride, High (n=299, 293, 310, 174) | Chloride, Low (n=299, 293, 308, 174) | CPK, High (n=273, 262, 276, 156 | Creatinine, High (n=294, 285, 303, 172) | Creatinine Clearance, High (n=164, 186, 180, 107) | Creatinine Clearance, Low (n=292, 278,303,168) | Eosinophils, High (n=258, 256, 275, 157) | Eosinophils, Low (n=269, 259, 278, 163) | Erythrocyte Count, High (n=279, 272, 287, 164) | Erythrocyte Count, Low (n=274, 268, 280, 161) | GGT, High (n=234, 240, 245, 144) | Hematocrit, High (n=273, 265, 279, 161) | Hematocrit, Low (n=256, 242, 259, 157) | Hemoglobin, High (n=278, 271, 289, 164) | Hemoglobin, Low (n=262, 249, 265, 162) | Leukocyte Count, High (n=272, 265, 286, 165) | Leukocyte Count, Low (n=272, 262, 280, 165) | Lipase, High (n=255, 248, 269, 147) | Lymphocytes, High (n=249, 253, 269, 161) | Lymphocytes, Low (n=265, 258, 273, 159) | MCHC, High (n=274, 265, 280, 163) | MCHC, Low (n=273, 263, 279, 163) | MCV, High (n=261, 248, 263, 156) | MCV, Low (n=264, 252, 275, 162) | Monocytes, High (n=266, 258, 274, 163) | Monocytes, Low (n=265, 255, 274, 158) | Neutrophils, High (n=264, 255, 276, 161) | Neutrophils, Low (n=263, 251, 271, 162) | Platelet Count, High (n=265, 260, 281, 160) | Platelet Count, Low (n=262, 252, 269, 154) | Potassium, High (n=297, 291, 307, 172) | Potassium, Low (n=298, 293, 308, 169) | Sodium, High (n=291, 291, 307, 170) | Sodium, Low (n=298, 292, 305, 174) | Urea Nitrogen, High (n=287, 282, 305, 169) | UMCR, High (n=217, 204, 232, 130) | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 3 | 24 | 55 | 33 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 20 | 10 | 28 | 17 | 11 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 11 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 16 | 6 | 3 | 92 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 12 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 17 | 9 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 9 | 18 | 54 | 33 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 29 | 7 | 17 | 11 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 12 | 9 | 1 | 13 | 1 | 13 | 3 | 2 | 109 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 3 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 11 | 18 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin (Baseline Through 26 Weeks) | 3 | 8 | 18 | 13 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 5 | 25 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 10 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 37 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 5 |
| Sitagliptin | 12 | 25 | 42 | 27 | 18 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 30 | 5 | 26 | 12 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 23 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 97 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 2 | 3 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 13 | 13 |
The number of participants with treatment-emergent abnormal laboratory results (defined as abnormalities that first occur after baseline) was summarized cumulatively for alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase or serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (ALT/SGPT), amylase (pancreatic and total), aspartate aminotransferase or serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (AST/SGOT), basophils, bilirubin (direct and total), calcitonin, chloride, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), creatinine, creatinine clearance, eosinophils, erythrocytes, gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), hematocrit, hemoglobin, leukocytes, lipase, lymphocytes, mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean cell volume (MCV), monocytes, neutrophils, platelets, potassium, sodium, urea nitrogen, and urine microalbumin-to-creatinine ratio (UMCR) . (NCT00734474)
Timeframe: Baseline through 52 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alkaline Phosphatase, High (n=276, 258, 281) | ALT/SGPT, High (n=232, 237, 244) | Amylase Pancreatic, High (n=283, 277, 295) | Amylase Total, High (n=266, 265, 277) | AST/SGOT, High (n=273, 269, 284) | Basophils, High (n=276, 268, 287) | Basophils, Low (n=277, 268, 287) | Bilirubin Direct, High (n=295, 291, 307) | Bilirubin Total, High (n=295, 290, 305) | Calcitonin, High (n=233, 239, 235) | Chloride, High (n=299, 293, 310) | Chloride, Low (n=299, 293, 308) | CPK, High (n=273, 262, 276) | Creatinine, High (n=294, 285, 303) | Creatinine Clearance, High (n=164, 186, 180) | Creatinine Clearance, Low (n=292, 278, 303) | Eosinophils, High (n=265, 265, 283) | Eosinophils, Low (n=277, 268, 287) | Erythrocyte Count, High (n=283, 276, 292) | Erythrocyte Count, Low (n=278, 272, 285) | GGT, High (n=234, 240, 245) | Hematocrit, High (n=280, 274, 290) | Hematocrit, Low (n=262, 251, 269) | Hemoglobin, High (n=282, 275, 294) | Hemoglobin, Low (n=265, 253, 269) | Leukocyte Count, High (n=277, 270, 292) | Leukocyte Count, Low (n=277, 267, 284) | Lipase, High (n=255, 248, 269) | Lymphocytes, High (n=257, 262, 278) | Lymphocytes, Low (n=273, 266, 280) | MCHC, High (n=281, 274, 291) | MCHC, Low (n=280, 272, 290) | MCV, High (n=267, 256, 273) | MCV, Low (n=270, 261, 286) | Monocytes, High (n=274, 267, 283) | Monocytes, Low (n=271, 264, 282) | Neutrophils, High (n=272, 263, 285) | Neutrophils, Low (n=271, 260, 279) | Platelet Count, High (n=272, 267, 287) | Platelet Count, Low (n=269, 259, 275) | Potassium, High (n=297, 291, 307) | Potassium, Low (n=298, 293, 308) | Sodium, High (n=291, 291, 307) | Sodium, Low (n=298, 292, 305) | Urea Nitrogen, High (n=287, 282, 305) | UMCR, High (n=223, 212, 238) | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 6 | 27 | 70 | 42 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 28 | 10 | 30 | 20 | 14 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 14 | 2 | 13 | 1 | 19 | 6 | 3 | 111 | 15 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 18 | 2 | 0 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 1 | 19 | 21 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 10 | 25 | 67 | 38 | 15 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 38 | 9 | 23 | 18 | 11 | 0 | 3 | 15 | 10 | 3 | 21 | 3 | 21 | 7 | 5 | 124 | 12 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 25 | 3 | 1 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 4 | 10 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 14 | 33 |
| Sitagliptin | 16 | 28 | 55 | 36 | 25 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 43 | 6 | 29 | 15 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 34 | 2 | 11 | 1 | 11 | 3 | 9 | 110 | 11 | 11 | 0 | 3 | 19 | 4 | 5 | 15 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 21 | 18 |
The number of participants with treatment-emergent abnormal lipid test (cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], low density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], and triglycerides [TG]) results (defined as lipid test abnormalities that first occurred after baseline) is summarized cumulatively. (NCT00734474)
Timeframe: Baseline through 26 and 104 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cholesterol, High, 26 Weeks (n=144, 158, 139, 58) | Cholesterol, High, 104 Weeks (n=151, 164, 146) | HDL-C, High, 26 Weeks (n=197, 201, 189, 78) | HDL-C, Low, 26 Weeks (n=127, 137, 129, 52) | HDL-C, High, 104 Weeks (n=206, 212, 199) | HDL-C, Low, 104 Weeks (n=134, 143, 138) | LDL-C, High, 26 Weeks (n=155, 163, 150, 61) | LDL-C, High, 104 Weeks (n=163, 170, 157) | TG, High, 26 Weeks (n=163, 174, 156, 64) | TG, High, 104 Weeks (n=170, 183, 166) | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 21 | 29 | 0 | 13 | 1 | 20 | 11 | 23 | 13 | 22 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 16 | 34 | 1 | 9 | 2 | 13 | 15 | 31 | 6 | 13 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin (Baseline Through 26 Weeks) | 8 | NA | 0 | 1 | NA | NA | 7 | NA | 2 | NA |
| Sitagliptin | 20 | 34 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 13 | 19 | 29 | 10 | 15 |
The EQ-5D questionnaire is a generic, multidimensional, health-related, quality-of-life instrument. It consists of 2 parts. The first part allows participants to rate their health state in 5 health domains: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and mood using a three level scale of 1-3 (no problem, some problems, and major problems). These combinations of attributes were converted into a weighted health-state Index Score according to the United Kingdom (UK) population-based algorithm. The possible values for the Index Score ranged from -0.59 (severe problems in all 5 dimensions) to 1.0 (no problem in any dimension). The second part of the questionnaire consists of a 100-millimeter visual analog scale (VAS) on which the participants rated their perceived health state on that day from 0 (worst imaginable health state) to 100 (best imaginable health state). (NCT00734474)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 weeks, and 104 weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EQ-5D, UK, Baseline (n=285, 281, 300) | EQ-5D, UK, 52 Weeks (n=237, 250, 244) | EQ-5D, UK, 104 Weeks (n=189, 190, 185) | VAS, Baseline (n=285, 284, 301) | VAS, 52 Weeks (n=238, 251, 245) | VAS, 104 Weeks (n=189, 190, 185) | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 0.82 | 0.84 | 0.86 | 75.35 | 78.22 | 78.52 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 0.80 | 0.83 | 0.84 | 75.57 | 78.93 | 79.66 |
| Sitagliptin | 0.84 | 0.85 | 0.86 | 76.85 | 78.79 | 81.34 |
"The Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite (IWQoL-Lite questionnaire) is an obesity-specific, 31-item questionnaire designed to measure the impact of weight on participants' quality of life. Items are scored on a 5-point numeric rating scale where 5 = always true and 1 = never true. Items are summed into 6 scales (physical function [11 items], self-esteem [7 items], sexual life [4 items], public distress [5 items], work [4 items], and total score [31 items]) based on the average for the valid responses on that scale multiplied by the number of items on that scale (rounded to the nearest whole integer). Higher scores indicate lower levels of functioning (negative effects). Scores are linearly transformed to a 0 to 100 scale." (NCT00734474)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 weeks, and 104 weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Total Score, Baseline (n=285, 284, 300) | Total Score, 52 Weeks (n=237, 252, 247) | Total Score, 104 Weeks (n=190, 190, 185) | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 82.55 | 86.31 | 87.47 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 83.41 | 86.92 | 88.08 |
| Sitagliptin | 83.97 | 86.25 | 86.93 |
The percentage of participants achieving HbA1c levels <7.0% and ≤6.5% was analyzed using a logistic regression model and last observation carried forward (LOCF) imputation with baseline, country, and treatment as factors included in the model. (NCT00734474)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26, 52, and 104 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <7.0% at 26 Weeks | <7.0% at 52 Weeks | <7.0% at 104 Weeks | ≤6.5% at 26 Weeks | ≤6.5% at 52 Weeks | ≤6.5% at 104 Weeks | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 55.2 | 48.8 | 44.8 | 31.0 | 29.0 | 24.2 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 60.9 | 57.6 | 54.3 | 46.7 | 41.7 | 39.1 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin (Baseline Through 26 Weeks) | 21.0 | NA | NA | 12.5 | NA | NA |
| Sitagliptin | 37.8 | 33.0 | 31.1 | 21.8 | 19.2 | 14.1 |
Hypoglycemic episodes (HE) were classified as severe (defined as episodes requiring assistance from another person to actively administer resuscitative actions), documented symptomatic (defined as any time a participant feels that he/she is experiencing symptoms and/or signs associated with hypoglycemia and has a plasma glucose level of ≤3.9 millimoles per liter [mmol/L]), asymptomatic (defined as episodes not accompanied by typical symptoms of hypoglycemia but with a measured plasma glucose of ≤3.9 mmol/L), nocturnal (defined as any episode that occurred between bedtime and waking), or probable symptomatic (defined as episodes during which symptoms of hypoglycemia were not accompanied by a plasma glucose determination). The 1-year adjusted rate of HE is summarized cumulatively. (NCT00734474)
Timeframe: Baseline through 26 and 104 weeks
| Intervention | episodes per participant per year (Mean) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Severe HE, 26 Weeks | Severe HE, 104 Weeks | Documented Symptomatic HE, 26 Weeks | Documented Symptomatic HE, 104 Weeks | Asymptomatic HE, 26 Weeks | Asymptomatic HE, 104 Weeks | Nocturnal HE, 26 Weeks | Nocturnal HE, 104 Weeks | Probable Symptomatic HE, 26 Weeks | Probable Symptomatic HE, 104 Weeks | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin (Baseline Through 26 Weeks) | 0.0 | NA | 0.1 | NA | 0.0 | NA | 0.0 | NA | 0.0 | NA |
| Sitagliptin | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
The number of visits to the emergency room (ER) is summarized cumulatively. (NCT00734474)
Timeframe: Baseline through 52 and 104 weeks
| Intervention | events (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| 52 Weeks | 104 Weeks | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | NA | NA |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | NA | NA |
| Sitagliptin | NA | NA |
Least squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with treatment, country, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. (NCT00734474)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26, 52, and 104 weeks
| Intervention | centimeters (cm) (Least Squares Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 26 Weeks (n=266, 273, 277, 138) | 52 Weeks (n=238, 250, 247) | 104 Weeks (n=192, 189, 188) | |
| 0.75 mg LY2189265 | -1.78 | -2.05 | -1.75 |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | -2.89 | -2.91 | -2.57 |
| Placebo/Sitagliptin (Baseline Through 26 Weeks) | -1.20 | NA | NA |
| Sitagliptin | -1.45 | -1.45 | -1.20 |
Adjusted mean change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from baseline at week 12 (NCT00996658)
Timeframe: baseline, 12 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Tablet | 3.8 |
| Linagliptin 5 mg Tablet | -7.1 |
Adjusted mean change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from baseline at week 18 (NCT00996658)
Timeframe: baseline, 18 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Tablet | -2.4 |
| Linagliptin 5 mg Tablet | -8.6 |
Adjusted mean change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from baseline at week 24 (NCT00996658)
Timeframe: baseline, 24 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Tablet | 0.1 |
| Linagliptin 5 mg Tablet | -10.3 |
Adjusted mean change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from baseline at week 6 (NCT00996658)
Timeframe: baseline, 6 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Tablet | 12.4 |
| Linagliptin 5 mg Tablet | -3.3 |
Glycosylated hemoglobin is reported as a percentage of the total hemoglobin (NCT00996658)
Timeframe: baseline, 12 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Tablet | -0.28 |
| Linagliptin 5 mg Tablet | -0.82 |
Glycosylated hemoglobin is reported as a percentage of the total hemoglobin (NCT00996658)
Timeframe: baseline, 18 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Tablet | -0.37 |
| Linagliptin 5 mg Tablet | -0.91 |
Glycosylated hemoglobin is reported as a percentage of the total hemoglobin (NCT00996658)
Timeframe: baseline, 24 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Tablet | -0.27 |
| Linagliptin 5 mg Tablet | -0.84 |
Glycosylated hemoglobin is reported as a percentage of the total hemoglobin (NCT00996658)
Timeframe: baseline, 6 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Tablet | -0.19 |
| Linagliptin 5 mg Tablet | -0.60 |
Glycosylated hemoglobin is reported as a percentage of the total hemoglobin (NCT00996658)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Responder (HbA1c < 6.5%) | Non-responder (HbA1c >= 6.5%) | Missing | |
| Linagliptin 5 mg Tablet | 34 | 143 | 1 |
| Placebo Tablet | 5 | 84 | 0 |
Glycosylated hemoglobin is reported as a percentage of the total hemoglobin (NCT00996658)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Responder (HbA1c < 7.0%) | Non-responder (HbA1c >= 7.0%) | Missing | |
| Linagliptin 5 mg Tablet | 57 | 118 | 1 |
| Placebo Tablet | 12 | 75 | 0 |
Glycosylated hemoglobin is reported as a percentage of the total hemoglobin (NCT00996658)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Responder (reduction in HbA1c >= 0.5%) | Non-responder (reduction in HbA1c < 0.5%) | Missing | |
| Linagliptin 5 mg Tablet | 117 | 61 | 1 |
| Placebo Tablet | 44 | 45 | 0 |
HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over a 2- to 3-month period. The BL HbA1c value is defined as the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from BL was calculated as the value at Week 26 minus the value at BL. The analysis was performed using an Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) model with treatment group, region, history of prior myocardial infarction (yes versus no), and age category (<65 years versus ≥65 years) as factors and Baseline HbA1c as a continuous covariate.The last observation carried forward (LOCF) method was used to impute missing post-BL HbA1c values; the last non-missing post-BL on-treatment measurement was used to impute the missing measurement. HbA1c values obtained after hyperglycemic rescue were treated as missing and were replaced with pre-rescue values. (NCT00976391)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of HbA1c in the blood (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Albiglutide 30 mg With Insulin Glargine | -0.82 |
| Preprandial Lispro Insulin With Insulin Glargine | -0.66 |
The Baseline value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline weight minus the Baseline weight. The LOCF method was used to impute missing post-Baseline weight values. Weight values obtained after hyperglycemia rescue were treated as missing and replaced with prerescue values. Based on ANCOVA: change = treatment + Baseline weight + Baseline HbA1c category + prior myocardial infarction history + age category + region + current oral antidiabetic therapy. (NCT00976391)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | Kilograms (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Albiglutide 30 mg With Insulin Glargine | -0.73 |
| Preprandial Lispro Insulin With Insulin Glargine | 0.81 |
The FPG test measures blood sugar levels after the participant has not eaten (fasted) for 12 to 14 hours. The Baseline FPG value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. The LOCF method was used to impute missing post-Baseline FPG values. FPG values obtained after hyperglycemia rescue were treated as missing and replaced with pre-rescue values. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. Based on ANCOVA: change = treatment + Baseline FPG + Baseline HbA1c category + region (NCT00976391)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | Millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Albiglutide 30 mg With Insulin Glargine | -0.99 |
| Preprandial Lispro Insulin With Insulin Glargine | -0.71 |
Participants who experienced persistent hyperglycemia (high blood glucose) could have qualified for hyperglycemia rescue. The conditions for hyperglycemia rescue were as follows: HbA1c >9.0% and <0.5% decrease from Baseline between >=Week 4 and
Timeframe: From the start of study medication until the end of the treatment (up to Week 52)
| Intervention | Weeks (Median) |
|---|---|
| Albiglutide 30 mg With Insulin Glargine | NA |
| Preprandial Lispro Insulin With Insulin Glargine | NA |
The Baseline value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline weight minus the Baseline weight. This analysis used observed body weight values excluding those obtained after hyperglycemia rescue; no missing data imputation was performed. (NCT00976391)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 36, 48 and 52
| Intervention | Kilograms (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Week 36, n=172, 182 | Week 48, n=142, 153 | Week 52, n=122, 141 | |
| Albiglutide 30 mg With Insulin Glargine | -0.42 | -0.60 | -0.70 |
| Preprandial Lispro Insulin With Insulin Glargine | 1.31 | 1.56 | 1.44 |
The FPG test measures blood sugar levels after the participant has not eaten (fasted) for 12 to 14 hours. The Baseline FPG value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline FPG minus the Baseline FPG. This analysis used observed FPG values excluding those obtained after hyperglycemia rescue; no missing data imputation was performed. (NCT00976391)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 36, 48 and 52
| Intervention | Millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Week 36, n=171, 182 | Week 48, n=131, 151 | Week 52, n=121, 139 | |
| Albiglutide 30 mg With Insulin Glargine | -1.41 | -1.13 | -1.36 |
| Preprandial Lispro Insulin With Insulin Glargine | -0.91 | -1.07 | -0.97 |
HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over a 2- to 3-month period. Baseline is defined as the last available assessment on or prior to the first dose of study drug. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. This analysis used observed HbA1c values, excluding those obtained after hyperglycemia rescue; no missing data imputation was performed. (NCT00976391)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 36, 48 and 52
| Intervention | Percentage of HbA1c in the blood (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Week 36, n=173, 182 | Week 48, n=140, 153 | Week 52, n=121, 141 | |
| Albiglutide 30 mg With Insulin Glargine | -1.04 | -0.97 | -1.01 |
| Preprandial Lispro Insulin With Insulin Glargine | -0.88 | -0.81 | -0.84 |
The number of participants who acheieved the HbA1c treatment goal (i.e., HbA1c response levels of <6.5% and <7.0% at Week 26) were assessed. (NCT00976391)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| HbA1c <6.5 % | HbA1c <7.0 % | |
| Albiglutide 30 mg With Insulin Glargine | 31 | 83 |
| Preprandial Lispro Insulin With Insulin Glargine | 23 | 70 |
Percent of BG between 70 and 180 mg/dL, as measured using Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM) (NCT03199638)
Timeframe: baseline vs. at 3 months
| Intervention | Percentage of Blood Glucose (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| baseline | at 3 months | |
| an Exercise + Glutamine Group | 57.6 | 69.2 |
| an Exercise Group | 63.7 | 46.4 |
MAGE describes the average amplitude of glycemic variations measured using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) (NCT03199638)
Timeframe: before vs. at 3 months
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| baseline | at 3 months | |
| an Exercise + Glutamine Group | 108 | 123 |
| an Exercise Group | 129 | 139 |
change in glycated hemoglobin (NCT03199638)
Timeframe: baseline vs. at 3 months
| Intervention | percentage of total hemoglobin (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| baseline | at 3 months | |
| an Exercise + Glutamine Group | 8.3 | 8.4 |
| an Exercise Group | 7.9 | 8.0 |
Change in insulin dose (Units/kg/day) used at home (NCT03199638)
Timeframe: baseline vs. at 3 months
| Intervention | Units/kg/day (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| baseline | at 3 months | |
| an Exercise + Glutamine Group | 0.98 | 1.0 |
| an Exercise Group | 1.0 | 0.8 |
Change in insulin sensitivity score, determined using SEARCH ISS model published equation: logeIS = 4.64725 - 0.02032 × (waist, cm) - 0.09779 × (HbA1c, %) - 0.00235 × (Triglycerides, mg/dL). The range of ISS scores is between 1-15. Higher scores imply a better insulin sensistivity. (NCT03199638)
Timeframe: baseline vs. at 3 months
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| baseline | at 3 months | |
| an Exercise + Glutamine Group | 2.10 | 2.16 |
| an Exercise Group | 2.17 | 2.20 |
Change in Percent of BG above 180 mg, as determined using Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM) (NCT03199638)
Timeframe: baseline vs. at 3 months
| Intervention | Percentage of Blood Glucose (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| basline | at 3 months | |
| an Exercise + Glutamine Group | 39.4 | 26.6 |
| an Exercise Group | 29.1 | 46.4 |
Change in Percent of BG below 70 mg/dL, as determined by Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM) (NCT03199638)
Timeframe: baseline vs. at 3 months
| Intervention | Percentage of Blood Glucose (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| baseline | at 3 months | |
| an Exercise + Glutamine Group | 3.1 | 4.4 |
| an Exercise Group | 7.2 | 7.2 |
The secondary endpoint was the change from baseline in body weight after 52 weeks of treatment (NCT01306214)
Timeframe: Baseline and 52 weeks
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.44 |
| Empagliflozin 10 mg | -1.95 |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | -2.04 |
The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in HbA1c after 18 weeks of treatment. (NCT01306214)
Timeframe: Baseline and 18 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.50 |
| Empagliflozin 10 mg | -0.94 |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | -1.02 |
The secondary endpoint was the change from baseline in HbA1c after 52 weeks of treatment (NCT01306214)
Timeframe: Baseline and 52 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.81 |
| Empagliflozin 10 mg | -1.18 |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | -1.27 |
The secondary endpoint is change from baseline in insulin dose after 52 weeks of treatment (NCT01306214)
Timeframe: Baseline and 52 weeks
| Intervention | IU/day (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 10.16 |
| Empagliflozin 10 mg | 1.33 |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg | -1.06 |
Change in body weight from baseline to Week 30 using MMRM model.The model included the respective baseline outcome as covariate, treatment, country, prior use of SUs, week of visit, and treatment-by-week interaction as fixed effects and patient and error as random effects. (NCT00960661)
Timeframe: baseline, week 30
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide (BET) | -2.45 |
| Insulin Lispro (BBT) | 2.11 |
Change in Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) from baseline to Week 30 using MMRM model.The model included the respective baseline outcome as covariate, treatment, country, prior use of SUs, week of visit, and treatment-by-week interaction as fixed effects and patient and error as random effects. (NCT00960661)
Timeframe: baseline, Week 30
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide (BET) | -0.64 |
| Insulin Lispro (BBT) | -0.14 |
Change in fasting blood glucose (FBG) from Baseline to Week 30 using MMRM model. The model included the respective baseline outcome as covariate, treatment, country, prior use of SUs, week of visit, and treatment-by-week interaction as fixed effects and patient and error as random effects. (NCT00960661)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 30
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide (BET) | -0.46 |
| Insulin Lispro (BBT) | 0.18 |
Change in HbA1c from baseline following 30 weeks of therapy (i.e. HbA1c at week 30 minus HbA1c at baseline). (NCT00960661)
Timeframe: Baseline, 30 weeks
| Intervention | percent of hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide (BET) | -1.13 |
| Insulin Lispro (BBT) | -1.10 |
Change in High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) from baseline to Week 30 using ANCOVA model.The model included the respective secondary outcome as dependent variable, country, prior use of SU's and treatment groups as factors, and the respective outcomes baseline value as a covariate. (NCT00960661)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 30
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide (BET) | -0.04 |
| Insulin Lispro (BBT) | 0.03 |
Change in Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) from baseline to week 30 using ANCOVA model.The model included the respective secondary outcome as dependent variable, country, prior use of SU's and treatment groups as factors, and the respective outcomes baseline value as a covariate. (NCT00960661)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 30
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide (BET) | -0.12 |
| Insulin Lispro (BBT) | -0.03 |
Change in Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) from baseline to Week 30 using MMRM model.The model included the respective baseline outcome as covariate, treatment, country, prior use of SUs, week of visit, and treatment-by-week interaction as fixed effects and patient and error as random effects. (NCT00960661)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 30
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide (BET) | -4.13 |
| Insulin Lispro (BBT) | 0.37 |
Change in total cholesterol from baseline to Week 30 using ANCOVA model. The model included the respective secondary outcome as dependent variable, country, prior use of SU's and treatment groups as factors, and the respective outcomes baseline value as a covariate. (NCT00960661)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 30
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide (BET) | -0.14 |
| Insulin Lispro (BBT) | -0.03 |
Mean (standard deviation) of major hyperglycemia episodes experienced per year. Rates per year were calculated for each individual as the number of episodes divided by the total number of days in the study (from randomization to last visit date), then multiplied by 365.25. Major hypoglycemia was defined as any symptoms consistent with hypoglycemia resulting in loss of consciousness or seizure that shows prompt recovery in response to administration of glucagon or glucose OR documented hypoglycemia (blood glucose <3.0 mmol/L [54 mg/dL]) and requiring the assistance of another person because of severe impairment in consciousness or behavior. (NCT00960661)
Timeframe: 30 weeks
| Intervention | rate per year (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide (BET) | 0.0 |
| Insulin Lispro (BBT) | 0.1 |
Mean (standard deviation) of minor hyperglycemia episodes experienced per year. Rates per year were calculated for each individual as the number of episodes divided by the total number of days in the study (from randomization to last visit date), then multiplied by 365.25. Minor hypoglycemia was defined as any time a participant feels that he or she is experiencing a sign or symptom associated with hypoglycemia that is either self-treated by the participant or resolves on its own AND has a concurrent finger stick blood glucose <3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL) (NCT00960661)
Timeframe: 30 weeks
| Intervention | rate per year (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide (BET) | 2.1 |
| Insulin Lispro (BBT) | 5.0 |
Percent of participants achieving HbA1c ≤ 6.5%. (NCT00960661)
Timeframe: Week 30
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide (BET) | 26.2 |
| Insulin Lispro (BBT) | 25.5 |
Percentage of participants achieving HbA1C < 7.0% (NCT00960661)
Timeframe: Week 30
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide (BET) | 46.7 |
| Insulin Lispro (BBT) | 42.6 |
Daily Insulin Glargine Dose at baseline and at Week 30 (NCT00960661)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 30
| Intervention | IU/day (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 30 | |
| Exenatide (BET) | 61.5 | 56.9 |
| Insulin Lispro (BBT) | 61.1 | 51.5 |
change in A1c (%) from baseline to end of study at 16 weeks (NCT02846233)
Timeframe: 16 weeks (from baseline to end of study at 16 weeks)
| Intervention | % change of A1c (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Treatment Group | -2.38 |
| Control Group | -0.83 |
change (mmHg) of systolic BP from baseline to the end of study at 16 weeks (NCT02846233)
Timeframe: 16 weeks (from baseline to end of study at 16 weeks)
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Treatment Group | -16 |
| Control Group | 15 |
change (beats/min) from baseline to the end of study at 16 weeks (NCT02846233)
Timeframe: 16 weeks
| Intervention | beats per min (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Treatment Group | 4.3 |
| Control Group | 5.13 |
change (mg/dL) from baseline to the end of study at 16 weeks (NCT02846233)
Timeframe: 16 weeks (from baseline to end of study at 16 weeks)
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Treatment Group | -15.7 |
| Control Group | 21 |
change (mg/dL) from baseline to the end of study at 16 weeks (NCT02846233)
Timeframe: 16 weeks (from baseline to end of study at 16 weeks)
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Treatment Group | 0.04 |
| Control Group | 0.04 |
change (mg/dL) from baseline to the end of study at 16 weeks (NCT02846233)
Timeframe: 16 weeks (from baseline to end of study at 16 weeks)
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Treatment Group | -18.5 |
| Control Group | 18.38 |
"Patient satisfaction with treatment in both groups will be measured by the validated the Diabetes Medications Satisfaction Tool (DM-SAT). Response options range from 0=not at all satisfied to 10=extremely satisfied and a total score is calculated ranging from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating more diabetes medication satisfaction." (NCT02846233)
Timeframe: 16 weeks (from baseline to end of study at 16 weeks)
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Treatment Group | 45.3 |
| Control Group | 4.63 |
change (in pounds) from baseline to the end of study at 16 weeks (NCT02846233)
Timeframe: 16 weeks (from baseline to end of study at 16 weeks)
| Intervention | pounds (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Treatment Group | -16.38 |
| Control Group | -0.1 |
"The SMPG data were collected at the following 7 time points: pre-morning meal; 2 hours post-morning meal; pre-midday meal; 2 hours post-midday meal; pre-evening meal; 2 hours post-evening meal; and bedtime. The mean of the 7 time points (Daily Mean) was also calculated.~LS means of the SMPG change from baseline to primary endpoint at Week 26 were adjusted by fixed effects of treatment, HbA1c strata, country, visit, treatment-by-visit interaction, participant as random effect and baseline SMPG as a covariate, via a MMRM analysis using REML." (NCT01624259)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 Weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | -40.76 |
| 1.8 mg Liraglutide | -38.51 |
A summary of participants having changes in amylase evaluation from baseline to primary endpoint of 26 weeks is presented. (NCT01624259)
Timeframe: Baseline, Up to 26 Weeks
| Intervention | U/L (Median) |
|---|---|
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 7.0 |
| 1.8 mg Liraglutide | 6.0 |
BMI is an estimate of body fat based on body weight divided by height squared. LS means of the BMI change from baseline to primary endpoint at Week 26 were calculated using ANCOVA with HbA1c Strata, country, and treatment as fixed effects and baseline BMI as a covariate. (NCT01624259)
Timeframe: Baseline, Up to 26 Weeks
| Intervention | kilograms/square meter (kg/m^2) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | -1.05 |
| 1.8 mg Liraglutide | -1.30 |
LS means of the weight change from baseline to primary endpoint at Week 26 were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with HbA1c Strata, country, and treatment as fixed effects and baseline body weight as a covariate. (NCT01624259)
Timeframe: Baseline, Up to 26 Weeks
| Intervention | kilograms (kg) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | -2.90 |
| 1.8 mg Liraglutide | -3.61 |
A summary of participants having changes in calcitonin values from baseline to primary endpoint of 26 weeks is presented. (NCT01624259)
Timeframe: Baseline, Up to 26 Weeks
| Intervention | picograms/milliliter (pcg/mL) (Median) |
|---|---|
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 0.00 |
| 1.8 mg Liraglutide | 0.00 |
ECG HR was measured. LS means of change from baseline were analyzed using ANCOVA with HbA1c strata, country, and treatment as fixed effects and baseline HR as a covariate. (NCT01624259)
Timeframe: Baseline, Up to 26 Weeks
| Intervention | beats per minute (bpm) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 1.9 |
| 1.8 mg Liraglutide | 4.1 |
LS means of the FPG from baseline to primary endpoint at Week 26 were adjusted by fixed effects of treatment, country, baseline HbA1c strata, and baseline FPG as covariates, via ANCOVA with LOCF. (NCT01624259)
Timeframe: Baseline, Up to 26 Weeks
| Intervention | milligrams/deciliter (mg/dL) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | -34.81 |
| 1.8 mg Liraglutide | -34.25 |
Descriptive statistics for the actual measurements and LS means of change from baseline for HR (sitting) by treatment arm were analyzed using the MMRM model with treatment, country, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects, baseline rate as a covariate, and participant as a random effect. (NCT01624259)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 Weeks
| Intervention | bpm (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 2.37 |
| 1.8 mg Liraglutide | 3.12 |
"The homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) quantifies insulin resistance and beta-cell function. HOMA2-%B is a computer model that uses fasting plasma insulin and glucose concentrations to estimate steady-state beta cell function (%B) as a percentage of a normal reference population (normal young adults). The normal reference population was set at 100%.~LS means of the HOMA2-%B change from baseline to primary endpoint at Week 26 was adjusted by fixed effects of treatment, country, baseline HbA1c strata, and baseline HOMA2-%B value as covariate, via an ANCOVA analysis using LOCF." (NCT01624259)
Timeframe: Baseline, Up to 26 Weeks
| Intervention | percentage of HOMA2-%B (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 37.03 |
| 1.8 mg Liraglutide | 35.59 |
A summary of participants having changes in lipase evaluation from baseline to primary endpoint of 26 weeks is presented. (NCT01624259)
Timeframe: Baseline, Up to 26 Weeks
| Intervention | units/liter (U/L) (Median) |
|---|---|
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 7.0 |
| 1.8 mg Liraglutide | 11.0 |
Least Squares (LS) means of the glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) change from baseline to the primary endpoint at Week 26 was adjusted by fixed effects of treatment, country, visit, treatment-by-visit interaction, participant as random effect, and baseline HbA1c as covariates, via a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) analysis using restricted maximum likelihood (REML). (NCT01624259)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 Weeks
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | -1.42 |
| 1.8 mg Liraglutide | -1.36 |
"The number of participants with events of pancreatitis confirmed by adjudication were summarized cumulatively at 26 weeks (including a 30-day follow up). Pancreatitis events were adjudicated by a committee of physicians external to the Sponsor.~A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module." (NCT01624259)
Timeframe: Baseline up to 30 Weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 0 |
| 1.8 mg Liraglutide | 0 |
Allergic and hypersensitivity reactions that were considered possibly related to study drug by the investigator are presented. Serious and all other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality are summarized in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT01624259)
Timeframe: Baseline through 26 Weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 1 |
| 1.8 mg Liraglutide | 5 |
LY2189265 (dulaglutide) anti-drug antibodies (ADA) were assessed at baseline, 26 weeks, and at the safety follow-up visit 4 weeks after study drug discontinuation in dulaglutide-treated participants. A participant was considered to have treatment emergent LY2189265 ADA if the participant had at least 1 titer that was treatment-emergent relative to baseline, defined as a 4-fold or greater increase in titer from baseline measurement. The number of participants with treatment-emergent LY2189265 ADA from postbaseline to follow up were summarized. (NCT01624259)
Timeframe: Baseline up to 4 Weeks Post Last Dose of Study Drug
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 3 |
An additional intervention (rescue therapy) was defined as any additional therapeutic intervention in participants who developed persistent, severe hyperglycemia despite full compliance with the assigned therapeutic regimen, or initiation of an alternative antihyperglycemic medication following study drug discontinuation. (NCT01624259)
Timeframe: Baseline through 26 Weeks
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 0.3 |
| 1.8 mg Liraglutide | 1.0 |
An additional intervention (rescue therapy) was defined as any additional therapeutic intervention in participants who developed persistent, severe hyperglycemia despite full compliance with the assigned therapeutic regimen, or initiation of an alternative antihyperglycemic medication following study drug discontinuation. Participants who had no rescue therapy within specified study period were considered as censored observations at the last available contact date up to specified study period. (NCT01624259)
Timeframe: Baseline through 26 Weeks
| Intervention | weeks (Median) |
|---|---|
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | NA |
| 1.8 mg Liraglutide | NA |
Descriptive statistics for the actual measurements and change from baseline for sitting systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured. LS means of change from baseline were calculated using MMRM with treatment, country, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects, baseline BP as a covariate, and participant as a random effect. (NCT01624259)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 Weeks
| Intervention | milliliters of mercury (mmHg) (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Sitting DBP | Sitting SBP | |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | -0.22 | -3.36 |
| 1.8 mg Liraglutide | -0.31 | -2.82 |
The QT interval is a measure of the time between the start of the Q wave and the end of the T wave. QTcF is the measure of the time between the start of the Q wave and the end of the T wave adjusted using Fridericia's formula. PR is the interval between the P wave and the QRS complex. These parameters were calculated from electrocardiogram (ECG) data. LS means of change from baseline for the PR and QTcF intervals will be analyzed using the MMRM similar to MMRM model for primary outcome, using corresponding baseline and HbA1c strata. Only ECGs obtained at scheduled visits will be used in these summaries and analyses. (NCT01624259)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 Weeks
| Intervention | milliseconds (msec) (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| PR interval (n=270, 278) | QTcF interval (n=273, 284) | |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 3.8 | 0.39 |
| 1.8 mg Liraglutide | 3.3 | -0.72 |
Deaths and nonfatal cardiovascular (CV) adverse events (AEs) were adjudicated by a committee of physicians with cardiology expertise external to the Sponsor. The nonfatal CV AEs to be adjudicated include myocardial infarction, hospitalization for unstable angina, hospitalization for heart failure, coronary interventions (such as coronary artery bypass graft or percutaneous coronary intervention), and cerebrovascular events including cerebrovascular accident (stroke) and transient ischemic attack. The number of participants with reported CV events, number of participants with nonfatal CV events confirmed by adjudication, and number of deaths confirmed by adjudication are summarized cumulatively at 26 weeks. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT01624259)
Timeframe: Baseline up to 26 Weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Any reported CV events | Any adjudicated nonfatal CV events | Any confirmed adjudicated deaths | |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1.8 mg Liraglutide | 3 | 1 | 0 |
A summary of percent change in lipid parameters (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], low density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [VLDL], and triglycerides) from baseline to primary endpoint of 26 weeks is presented. LS means of the lipid parameter from baseline to primary endpoint at Week 26 were adjusted by fixed effects of treatment, country, baseline HbA1c strata, and lipid parameter baseline as covariates, via ANCOVA with LOCF. (NCT01624259)
Timeframe: Baseline, Up to 26 Weeks
| Intervention | percent (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total cholesterol (n=286, 284) | HDL-C (n=286, 284) | LDL-C (n=276, 276) | VLDL (n=276, 276) | Triglycerides (n=286, 284) | |
| Liraglutide | 0.67 | 6.46 | 3.20 | 2.92 | 1.35 |
| LY2189265 | -1.64 | 6.21 | -1.09 | 1.56 | 0.59 |
The percentage of participants who achieved the target HbA1c values at the primary endpoint were analyzed with a repeated logistic regression model (the generalized estimation equation [GEE] model). The model includes pooled country, treatment, visit, treatment-by-visit interaction, and baseline HbA1c as continuous covariates. (NCT01624259)
Timeframe: Up to 26 Weeks
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| HbA1c levels ≤6.5% | HbA1c levels <7.0% | |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 54.6 | 68.3 |
| 1.8 mg Liraglutide | 50.9 | 67.9 |
"Hypoglycemic events (HE) were classified as severe (episodes requiring the assistance of another person to actively administer resuscitative actions), documented symptomatic (any time a participant felt that he/she was experiencing symptoms and/or signs associated with hypoglycemia and had a plasma glucose [PG] concentration of ≤70 mg/dL), asymptomatic (events not accompanied by typical symptoms of hypoglycemia but with a measured PG of ≤ 70 mg/dL), nocturnal (events that occurred between bedtime and waking), or probable symptomatic (events during which symptoms of hypoglycemia were not accompanied by a PG determination but that was presumably caused by a PG of ≤70 mg/dL).~A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module." (NCT01624259)
Timeframe: Baseline through 26 Weeks
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Documented symptomatic HE | Asymptomatic HE | Severe HE | Nocturnal HE | Probable symptomatic HE | |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 2.7 | 6.7 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 1.0 |
| 1.8 mg Liraglutide | 2.7 | 3.3 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 1.0 |
HE were classified as severe (episodes requiring the assistance of another person to actively administer resuscitative actions), documented symptomatic (any time a participant felt that he/she was experiencing symptoms and/or signs associated with hypoglycemia and had a PG concentration of ≤70 mg/dL), asymptomatic (events not accompanied by typical symptoms of hypoglycemia but with a measured PG of ≤ 70 mg/dL), nocturnal (events that occurred between bedtime and waking), or probable symptomatic (events during which symptoms of hypoglycemia were not accompanied by a PG determination but that was presumably caused by a PG of ≤70 mg/dL). The hypoglycemia rate per 30 days was calculated by the number of hypoglycemia events within the period/number of days participant at risk within the period*30 days. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT01624259)
Timeframe: Baseline through 26 Weeks
| Intervention | number of events/participant/30 days (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total HE | Documented symptomatic HE | Asymptomatic HE | Severe HE | Nocturnal HE | Probable symptomatic HE | |
| 1.5 mg LY2189265 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
| 1.8 mg Liraglutide | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
Observed mean change from baseline in HbA1c after 26 Weeks of treatment. (NCT01392573)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean) |
|---|---|
| IDegLira | -1.90 |
| IDeg | -0.89 |
Observed mean change from baseline in body weight after 26 Weeks of treatment. (NCT01392573)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| IDegLira | -2.7 |
| IDeg | 0.0 |
To compare the change from baseline in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) achieved with each of the 2 BID doses of dapagliflozin (2.5 mg BID and 5 mg BID) co-administered with metformin versus placebo co-administered with metformin after 1 week of double-blind treatment. (NCT01217892)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 1
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin 2.5mg BID Plus Metformin | -13.7 |
| Dapagliflozin 5mg BID Plus Metformin | -14.7 |
| Dapagliflozin 10mg OD Plus Metformin | -15.5 |
| Placebo Plus Metformin | 2.0 |
To compare the change from baseline in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) achieved with each of the 2 BID doses of dapagliflozin (2.5 mg BID and 5 mg BID) co-administered with metformin versus placebo co-administered with metformin after 16 weeks of double-blind treatment. (NCT01217892)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin 2.5mg BID Plus Metformin | -20.8 |
| Dapagliflozin 5mg BID Plus Metformin | -25.6 |
| Dapagliflozin 10mg OD Plus Metformin | -20.4 |
| Placebo Plus Metformin | -10.4 |
To compare the change from baseline in HbA1c achieved with each of the 2 BID doses of dapagliflozin (2.5 mg BID and 5 mg BID) co-administered with metformin versus placebo co-administered with metformin after 16 weeks of double-blind treatment. (NCT01217892)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin 2.5mg BID Plus Metformin | -0.52 |
| Dapagliflozin 5mg BID Plus Metformin | -0.65 |
| Dapagliflozin 10mg OD Plus Metformin | -0.59 |
| Placebo Plus Metformin | -0.30 |
To compare the percent change from baseline in body weight achieved with each of the 2 BID doses of dapagliflozin (2.5 mg BID, and 5 mg BID) co-administered with metformin versus placebo co-administered with metformin after 16 weeks of double-blind treatment. (NCT01217892)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin 2.5mg BID Plus Metformin | -2.84 |
| Dapagliflozin 5mg BID Plus Metformin | -3.20 |
| Dapagliflozin 10mg OD Plus Metformin | -2.76 |
| Placebo Plus Metformin | -1.04 |
To compare the adjusted proportions controlling for baseline HbA1c [acc. to Zhang, Tsiatis & Davidian and Davidian, Tsiatis, Zhang & Lu] of participants with HbA1c <7.0% achieved with each of the 2 BID doses of dapagliflozin (2.5 mg BID and 5 mg BID) co-administered with metformin versus placebo co-administered with metformin after 16 weeks of double-blind treatment, in patients who had HbA1c ≥7.0% at baseline. (NCT01217892)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin 2.5mg BID Plus Metformin | 33.6 |
| Dapagliflozin 5mg BID Plus Metformin | 38.2 |
| Dapagliflozin 10mg OD Plus Metformin | 28.1 |
| Placebo Plus Metformin | 21.4 |
HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over a 2- to 3-month period. The BL HbA1c value is defined as the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from BL was calculated as the value at Week 52 minus the value at BL. Based on analysis of covariance (ANCOVA): change = treatment + BL HbA1c + prior myocardial infarction history + age category + region + current antidiabetic therapy. Difference of least squares means (albiglutide - insulin glargine) is from the ANCOVA model. The last observation carried forward (LOCF) method was used to impute missing post-Baseline HbA1c values; the last non-missing post-BL on-treatment measurement was used to impute the missing measurement. HbA1c values obtained after hyperglycemic rescue were treated as missing and were replaced with pre-rescue values. (NCT00838916)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | Percentage of HbA1c in the blood (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Albiglutide 30 mg + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | -0.67 |
| Insulin Glargine 10 Units + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | -0.79 |
The Baseline value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline weight minus the Baseline weight. (NCT00838916)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 156
| Intervention | Kilograms (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Albiglutide 30 mg + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | -3.47 |
| Insulin Glargine 10 Units + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | 0.90 |
The Baseline value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline weight minus the Baseline weight. The LOCF method was used to impute missing post-Baseline weight values. Weight values obtained after hyperglycemia rescue were treated as missing and replaced with prerescue values. Based on ANCOVA: change = treatment + Baseline weight + Baseline HbA1c category + prior myocardial infarction history + age category + region + current antidiabetic therapy. (NCT00838916)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | Kilograms (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Albiglutide 30 mg + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | -1.05 |
| Insulin Glargine 10 Units + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | 1.56 |
The FPG test measures blood sugar levels after the participant has not eaten (fasted) for 12 to 14 hours. The Baseline FPG value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. (NCT00838916)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 156
| Intervention | Millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Albiglutide 30 mg + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | -0.83 |
| Insulin Glargine 10 Units + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | -2.19 |
The FPG test measures blood sugar levels after the participant has not eaten (fasted) for 12 to 14 hours. The Baseline FPG value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. The LOCF method was used to impute missing post-Baseline FPG values. FPG values obtained after hyperglycemia rescue were treated as missing and replaced with pre-rescue values. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. Based on ANCOVA: change = treatment + Baseline FPG + Baseline HbA1c category + prior myocardial infarction history + age category + region + current antidiabetic therapy. (NCT00838916)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | Millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Albiglutide 30 mg + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | -0.87 |
| Insulin Glargine 10 Units + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | -2.06 |
A 24-hour glucose profile was collected at Baseline and Week 52 at a subset of sites in a subset of participants per treatment group using the continuous glucose monitoring device. Glucose measurements were obtained at 5 minute increments in the 24-hour period. The area under the curve (AUC) was determined using the trapezoidal method on the measurements obtained during the first 24 hours of continuous monitoring. This analysis used observed values excluding those obtained after hyperglycemia rescue; no missing data imputation was performed. The Baseline value is the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. (NCT00838916)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | Millimoles per hour per liter (mmol.h/L) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Albiglutide 30 mg + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | 0.457 |
| Insulin Glargine 10 Units + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | -1.657 |
HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over a 2- to 3-month period. Baseline HbA1c value is defined as the last non-missing value before the start of treatment. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. This analysis used observed HbA1c values, excluding those obtained after hyperglycemia rescue; no missing data imputation was performed. (NCT00838916)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 156
| Intervention | Percentage of HbA1c in the blood (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Albiglutide 30 mg + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | -0.83 |
| Insulin Glargine 10 Units + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | -1.00 |
Participants who experienced persistent hyperglycemia (high blood glucose) could have qualified for hyperglycemia rescue. The conditions for hyperglycemia rescue were as follows: FPG >=280 milligrams/deciliter (mg/dL) between >=Week 2 and
Timeframe: From the start of study medication until the end of the treatment (up to Week 156)
| Intervention | Weeks (Median) |
|---|---|
| Albiglutide 30 mg + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | 107.57 |
| Insulin Glargine 10 Units + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | NA |
Albiglutide plasma concentration data was analyzed at Week 8 pre-dose, Week 8 post-dose, Week 24 pre-dose and Week 24 post-dose. All participants receiving albiglutide were initiated on a 30 mg weekly dosing regimen; however, beginning at Week 4, uptitration of albiglutide was allowed based on glycemic response. As such, albiglutide plasma concentrations achieved at each sampling time represent a mixed population of participants receiving either 30 mg or 50 mg weekly for various durations. (NCT00838916)
Timeframe: Weeks 8 and 24
| Intervention | nanograms/milliliter (ng/mL) (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 8, Pre-dose, n=408 | Week 8, Post-dose, n=398 | Week 24, Pre-dose, n=416 | Week 24, Post-dose, n=401 | |
| Albiglutide 30 mg + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | 1642.83 | 1911.35 | 2159.30 | 2748.15 |
The number of participants who achieved the HbA1c treatment goal (i.e., HbA1c response levels of <6.5%, <7%, and <7.5% at Week 156) were assessed. (NCT00838916)
Timeframe: Week 156
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| HbA1c <6.5% | HbA1c <7% | HbA1c <7.5% | |
| Albiglutide 30 mg + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | 33 | 59 | 85 |
| Insulin Glargine 10 Units + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | 18 | 46 | 71 |
The number of participants who achieved the HbA1c treatment goal (i.e., HbA1c response levels of <6.5%, <7%, and <7.5% at Week 52) were assessed. (NCT00838916)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| HbA1c <6.5% | HbA1c <7% | HbA1c <7.5% | |
| Albiglutide 30 mg + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | 54 | 156 | 268 |
| Insulin Glargine 10 Units + Metformin +/- Sulfonylurea | 25 | 78 | 135 |
(NCT01376557)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 75 mg LX4211 qd | -0.995 |
| 200 mg LX4211 qd | -1.956 |
| 400 mg LX4211 qd | -1.848 |
| 200 mg LX4211 Bid | -2.477 |
| Placebo qd | -0.395 |
(NCT01376557)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 75 mg LX4211 qd | -9.5 |
| 200 mg LX4211 qd | -17.4 |
| 400 mg LX4211 qd | -27.1 |
| 200 mg LX4211 Bid | -26.9 |
| Placebo qd | 2.2 |
(NCT01376557)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | % change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 75 mg LX4211 qd | -0.42 |
| 200 mg LX4211 qd | -0.52 |
| 400 mg LX4211 qd | -0.92 |
| 200 mg LX4211 Bid | -0.80 |
| Placebo qd | -0.09 |
(NCT01376557)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | mm Hg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 75 mg LX4211 qd | -0.123 |
| 200 mg LX4211 qd | -3.878 |
| 400 mg LX4211 qd | -5.746 |
| 200 mg LX4211 Bid | -4.452 |
| Placebo qd | -0.283 |
(NCT01376557)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 75 mg LX4211 qd | -16.2 |
| 200 mg LX4211 qd | 6.6 |
| 400 mg LX4211 qd | -16.8 |
| 200 mg LX4211 Bid | -16.9 |
| Placebo qd | -30.5 |
(NCT01376557)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| 75 mg LX4211 qd | 16 |
| 200 mg LX4211 qd | 15 |
| 400 mg LX4211 qd | 22 |
| 200 mg LX4211 Bid | 17 |
| Placebo qd | 14 |
Patients will be followed for 12 weeks with three meal test examinations; before treatment, after 1 week of treatment and after 12 weeks of treatment. Primary outcome is AUC GLP-1 (pM x 120 as stated). (NCT00411411)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | pM x 120 min (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 2591 |
| Januvia | 3959 |
Restoration of the insulinotropic effect of GIP measured as the relative increase in GIP induced amplification of the late phase insulin secretion (AUC) response to glucose. Patients will be followed for 12 weeks with examinations after 1 and after 12 weeks of treatment. (NCT00411411)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | pM x 120 min (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| After 1 week | After 12 weeks | |
| Januvia | 21.3 | 30.0 |
| Placebo | 17.8 | 19.7 |
Secondary endpoints were tested using a sequential testing procedure and are presented in hierarchical order. Because the primary focus of the entire dapagliflozin program was on morning dosing in a population with HbA1c ≥7% and ≤10%, only data on AM dosing were summarized. Data after rescue medication was excluded from this analysis. Fasting plasma glucose was measured by a central laboratory. Baseline was defined as the last assessment prior to the start date and time of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. In cases where time of the first dose or time of the assessment was not available, baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. (NCT00528372)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 1 (end of Short-term Period)
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin Placebo AM & PM | -2.4 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg AM | -2.9 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 5 mg AM | -16.4 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 10 mg AM | -16.1 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg PM | -14.4 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 5 mg PM | -18.6 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 10 mg PM | -20.3 |
Secondary endpoints were tested using a sequential testing procedure and are presented in hierarchical order. Because the primary focus of the entire dapagliflozin program was on morning dosing in a population with HbA1c ≥7% and ≤10%, only data on AM dosing were summarized. Data after rescue medication was excluded from this analysis. Fasting plasma glucose was measured by a central laboratory. Baseline was defined as the last assessment prior to the start date and time of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. In cases where time of the first dose or time of the assessment was not available, baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. (NCT00528372)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 1
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Group 2: Dapagliflozin, 5 mg AM | -54.3 |
| Group 2: Dapagliflozin, 10 mg AM | -74.3 |
Secondary endpoints were tested using a sequential testing procedure and are presented in hierarchical order. If no Week 24 assessment was available, HbA1c was recorded from the last postbaseline measurement prior to Week 24. Data after rescue medication was excluded from this analysis. Baseline was defined as the last assessment prior to the start date and time of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. In cases where time of the first dose or time of the assessment was not available, baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. Group 2 (patients with enrollment baseline HbA1c >10% and ≤2%) was considered an exploratory group, included to obtain initial efficacy and safety data for these patients. No comparator arm was included. Thus, only key safety and efficacy analyses were performed for Group 2. (NCT00528372)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24 (end of Short-term Period)
| Intervention | Percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin Placebo AM & PM | -0.21 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg AM | -0.58 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 5 mg AM | -0.73 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 10 mg AM | -0.88 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg PM | -0.81 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 5 mg PM | -0.76 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 10 mg PM | -0.80 |
Secondary endpoints were tested using a sequential testing procedure and are presented in hierarchical order. Because the primary focus of the entire dapagliflozin program was on morning dosing in a population with HbA1c ≥7% and ≤10%, only data on AM dosing were summarized in secondary efficacy analyses. Data after rescue medication were excluded from this analysis. Baseline was defined as the last assessment prior to the start date and time of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. In cases where time of the first dose or time of the assessment was not available, baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. If no Week 24 assessment was available, glucose levels were recorded from the last postbaseline measurement prior to Week 24. For rescued participants, measurements obtained after initiation of rescue medication was not considered in calculating the endpoint. (NCT00528372)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24 (end of Short-term Period)
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin Placebo AM & PM | -4.1 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg AM | -15.2 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 5 mg AM | -24.1 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 10 mg AM | -28.8 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg PM | -25.6 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 5 mg PM | -27.3 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 10 mg PM | -29.6 |
Group 2 was an exploratory group, included to obtain initial efficacy and safety data. No comparator arm was included. Secondary endpoints were tested using a sequential testing procedure and are presented in hierarchical order. Data after rescue medication were excluded from this analysis. Baseline was defined as the last assessment prior to the start date and time of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. In cases where time of the first dose or time of the assessment was not available, baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. If no Week 24 assessment was available, glucose levels were recorded from the last postbaseline measurement prior to Week 24. For rescued participants, measurements obtained after initiation of rescue medication was not considered in calculating the endpoint. (NCT00528372)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24 (end of Short-term Period)
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Group 2: Dapagliflozin, 5 mg AM | -77. |
| Group 2: Dapagliflozin, 10 mg AM | -84.3 |
HbA1c was measured by a central laboratory. Data after rescue medication was excluded from this analysis. Baseline was defined as the last assessment prior to the start date and time of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. In cases where time of the first dose or time of the assessment was not available, baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. If no Week 24 assessment was available, the last postbaseline measurement prior to Week 24 was used. For rescued participants, measurements obtained after initiation of rescue medication were not considered in calculating the primary endpoint. Evening dosing groups were summarized as exploratory endpoints. (NCT00528372)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24 (end of Short-term Period)
| Intervention | Percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin Placebo AM & PM | -0.23 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg AM | -0.58 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 5 mg AM | -0.77 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 10 mg AM | -0.89 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg PM | -0.83 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 5 mg PM | -0.79 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 10 mg PM | -0.79 |
HbA1c was measured by a central laboratory. Data after rescue medication was excluded from this analysis. Baseline was defined as the last assessment prior to the start date and time of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. In cases where time of the first dose or time of the assessment was not available, baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. If no Week 24 assessment was available, the last postbaseline measurement prior to Week 24 was used. For rescued participants, measurements obtained after initiation of rescue medication were not considered in calculating the primary endpoint. Group 2 (patients with enrollment baseline HbA1c >10% and ≤2%) was considered an exploratory group, included to obtain initial efficacy and safety data for these patients. No comparator arm was included. (NCT00528372)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24 (end of Short-term Period)
| Intervention | Percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Group 2: Dapagliflozin, 5 mg AM | -2.88 |
| Group 2: Dapagliflozin, 10 mg AM | -2.66 |
Secondary endpoints were tested using a sequential testing procedure and are presented in hierarchical order. If no Week 24 assessment was available, HbA1c was recorded from the last postbaseline measurement prior to Week 24. HbA1c was measured as % of hemoglobin by a central laboratory. The population included randomized patients who received treatment and had baseline HbA1c >9.0%. Data after rescue medication were excluded from this analysis. Baseline was defined as the last assessment prior to the start date and time of the first dose of double-blind study drug. In cases where time of the first dose or assessment was not available, baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study drug. Group 2 (patients with enrollment baseline HbA1c >10% and ≤2%) was considered exploratory, included to obtain initial data. No comparator arm was included. Thus, only key safety and efficacy analyses were performed in Group 2. (NCT00528372)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24 (end of Short-term Period)
| Intervention | Percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin Placebo AM & PM | 0.19 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg AM | -1.26 |
| Group 1: Dapaglifozon, 5 mg AM | -2.00 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 10 mg AM | -2.04 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg PM | -1.35 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 5 mg PM | -1.53 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 10 mg PM | -1.21 |
Secondary endpoints were tested using sequential testing procedure and are presented in hierarchical order. Adjusted mean change from baseline in total body weight at Week 24 (or the last postbaseline measurement prior to Week 24 if no Week 24 assessment was available) was determined. Data after rescue medication was excluded from this analysis. Baseline was defined as the last assessment prior to the start date and time of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. In cases where time of the first dose or time of the assessment was not available, baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. Group 2 (patients with enrollment baseline HbA1c >10% and ≤2%) was considered an exploratory group, included to obtain initial efficacy and safety data for these patients. No comparator arm was included. Thus, only key safety and efficacy analyses were performed for Group 2. (NCT00528372)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24 (end of Short-term Period)
| Intervention | Kilograms (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin Placebo AM & PM | -2.43 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg AM | -3.43 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 5 mg AM | -2.91 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 10 mg AM | -3.39 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg PM | -4.30 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 5 mg PM | -3.70 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 10 mg PM | -3.39 |
Secondary endpoints were tested using a sequential testing procedure and are presented in hierarchical order. Because the primary focus of the entire dapagliflozin program was on morning dosing in a population with HbA1c ≥7% and ≤10%, only data on AM dosing were summarized. Adjusted mean change from baseline in total body weight at Week 24 (or the last postbaseline measurement prior to Week 24 if no Week 24 assessment was available was determined). Data after rescue medication was excluded from this analysis. Baseline was defined as the last assessment prior to the start date and time of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. In cases where time of the first dose or time of the assessment was not available, baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. (NCT00528372)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24 (end of Short-term Period)
| Intervention | Kilograms (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin Placebo AM & PM | -2.19 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg AM | -3.25 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 5 mg AM | -2.83 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 10 mg AM | -3.16 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg PM | -3.82 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 5 mg PM | -3.55 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 10 mg PM | -3.05 |
Secondary endpoints were tested using a sequential testing procedure and are presented in hierarchical order. Adjusted mean change from baseline in total body weight at Week 24 (or the last postbaseline measurement prior to Week 24 if no Week 24 assessment was available was determined). Data after rescue medication was excluded from this analysis. Baseline was defined as the last assessment prior to the start date and time of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. In cases where time of the first dose or time of the assessment was not available, baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication.Group 2 (patients with enrollment baseline HbA1c >10% and ≤2%) was considered an exploratory group, included to obtain initial efficacy and safety data for these patients. No comparator arm was included. (NCT00528372)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24 (end of Short-term Period)
| Intervention | Kilograms (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Group 2: Dapagliflozin, 5 mg AM | -2.06 |
| Group 2: Dapagliflozin, 10 mg AM | -1.90 |
Secondary endpoints were tested using a sequential testing procedure and are presented in hierarchical order. Therapeutic glycemic response is defined as HbA1c <7.0%. Data after rescue medication was excluded from this analysis. If no Week 24 assessment was available, HbA1c was recorded from the last postbaseline measurement prior to Week 24. Group 2 (patients with enrollment baseline HbA1c >10% and ≤2%) was considered an exploratory group, included to obtain initial efficacy and safety data for these patients. No comparator arm was included. Thus, only key safety and efficacy analyses were performed for Group 2. (NCT00528372)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24 (end of Short-term Period)
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin Placebo AM & PM | 31.6 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg AM | 41.3 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 5 mg AM | 44.2 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 10 mg AM | 50.8 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg PM | 51.4 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 5 mg PM | 44.0 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 10 mg PM | 51.6 |
Secondary endpoints were tested using a sequential testing procedure and are presented in hierarchical order. If no Week 24 assessment was available, HbA1c was recorded from the last postbaseline measurement prior to Week 24. Data after rescue medication was excluded from this analysis. HbA1c was measured as a percent of hemoglobin. Group 2 (patients with enrollment baseline HbA1c >10% and ≤2%) was considered an exploratory group, included to obtain initial efficacy and safety data for these patients. No comparator arm was included. Thus, only key safety and efficacy analyses were performed for Group 2. (NCT00528372)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24 (end of Short-term Period)
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin Placebo AM & PM | 14.5 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg AM | 27.2 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 5 mg AM | 26.6 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 10 mg AM | 23.1 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg PM | 33.4 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 5 mg PM | 25.8 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 10 mg PM | 26.0 |
AE=any new unfavorable symptom, sign, or disease or worsening of a preexisting condition that may not have a causal relationship with treatment. SAE=a medical event that at any dose results in death, persistent or significant disability/incapacity, or drug dependency/abuse; is life-threatening, an important medical event, or a congenital anomaly/birth defect; or requires or prolongs hospitalization. Related=having certain, probable, possible, or missing relationship to study drug. Includes non-SAEs and hypoglycemia with onset on or after the first date/time of double-blind treatment and on or prior to the last day of short-term plus long-term treatment plus 4 days. Includes SAEs with onset on or after the first date/time of double-blind treatment and on or prior to the last day of short-term plus long-term treatment plus 30 days. (NCT00528372)
Timeframe: Day 1 to Week 102 (end of Long-term Period) + 30 days
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| >=1 AE | >=1 Hypoglycemia | >=1 Related AEs | Deaths | SAEs | >=1 related SAE | SAEs leading to discontinuation | AE leading to discontinuation | Hypoglycemia leading to discontinuation | |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin Placebo, AM & PM | 58 | 4 | 15 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 10 mg AM | 56 | 3 | 17 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 10 mg PM | 54 | 2 | 21 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 0 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg AM | 48 | 3 | 13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg PM | 50 | 2 | 19 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 5 mg AM | 43 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 5 mg PM | 50 | 0 | 18 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 0 |
| Group 2: Dapagliflozin, 10 mg AM | 33 | 1 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Group 2: Dapagliflozin, 5 mg AM | 29 | 1 | 12 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
12-Lead ECGs were performed at entry into lead-in period Day -7 visit and Week 24/end of treatment visit (LOCF) on participants who were supine. ECGs were assessed by the investigator. Baseline was Day -7 for this parameter, and data after rescue were included.The Week 102 value is the last observation, regardless of rescue prior to Week 102 if no Week 102 measurement was available. Group 2 (patients with enrollment baseline HbA1c >10% and ≤2%) was considered an exploratory group, included to obtain initial efficacy and safety data for these patients. No comparator arm was included. Thus, only key safety and efficacy analyses were performed for Group 2. (NCT00528372)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24 (end of Short-term Period)
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline: Normal/Week 24: Normal | Baseline: Normal/Week 24: Abnormal | Baseline: Normal/Week 24: Not reported | Baseline: Abnormal/Week 24: Normal | Baseline: Abnormal/Week 24: Abnormal | Baseline: Abnormal/Week 24: Not reported | Baseline: Not reported/Week 24: Normal | Basline: Not reported/Week 24: Abnormal | Baseline: Not reported/Week 24: Not reported | |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin Placebo AM & PM | 38 | 6 | 0 | 5 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 10 mg AM | 31 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 10 mg PM | 35 | 10 | 0 | 10 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg AM | 36 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg PM | 33 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 5 mg AM | 32 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 5 mg PM | 33 | 6 | 0 | 4 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 |
Data after rescue was included. AST=aspartate aminotransferase; ALT=alanine aminotransferase; ALP=alkaline phosphatase. Group 2 (patients with enrollment baseline HbA1c >10% and ≤2%) was considered an exploratory group, included to obtain initial efficacy and safety data for these patients. No comparator arm was included. Thus, only key safety and efficacy analyses were performed for Group 2. (NCT00528372)
Timeframe: Day 1 to Week 102 (end of Long-term Period)
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AST >3*ULN (n=75, 65, 62, 70, 67, 67, 74, 34, 37)) | AST >5*ULN (n=75, 65, 62, 70, 67, 67, 74) | ALT >3*ULN (n=75, 65, 62, 70, 67, 67, 74) | ALT >5*ULN (n=75, 65, 62, 70, 67, 67, 74) | Bilirubin >1.5 ULN (n=75, 65, 62, 70, 67, 67, 74) | Bilirubin >2*ULN (n=75, 65, 62, 70, 67, 67, 74) | ALP >1.5*ULN (n=75, 65, 62, 70, 67, 67, 74) | |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin Placebo AM & PM | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 10 mg AM | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 10 mg PM | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg AM | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg PM | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 5 mg AM | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 5 mg PM | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
Baseline was defined as the last assessment prior to the start of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. Data included from baseline up to and including the last day of treatment plus 4 days. Data after rescue were also included. ULN=upper limit of normal; preRX=pretreatment. Phosphorus, inorganic (high) defined as >=5.6 mg/dL for ages 17-65 years or >=5.1 mg/dL for ages >=66. (NCT00528372)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 102 (end of Long-term Period)
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hematocrit (>55%) | Hematocrit (>60%) | Hemoglobin (>18 g/dL) | Glucose ( >350 mg/dL) | Glucose (<54 mg/dL) | Creatine kinase (>5*ULN) | Creatine kinase (>10*ULN) | Calcium, total (<7.5 mg/dL) | Bicarbonate (<=13 mEq/L) | Potassium, serum (>=6 mEqL) | Sodium, serum (<130 mEq/L) | Sodium, serum (>150 mEq/L) | Phosphorus, inorganic (high) | Albumin/creatinine ratio (>1800 mg/g) | Creatinine (>=1.5 preRX creatinine) | |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin Placebo | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 10 mg AM | 2 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 10 mg PM | 4 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg AM | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 2.5 mg PM | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 5 mg AM | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Group 1: Dapagliflozin, 5 mg PM | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 |
| Group 2: Dapagliflozin, 10 mg AM | 4 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Group 2: Dapagliflozin, 5 mg AM | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
The blood concentration of the glycemic control marker fructosamine (NCT00673894)
Timeframe: 4 weeks
| Intervention | micro mol per litre (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Glutamine+Sitagliptin | 244 |
| Glutamine+Placebo | 240 |
The area under the curve (AUC) of the postprandial glucose following a meal challenge (NCT00673894)
Timeframe: 0 to 180 minutes
| Intervention | mmol/L*t (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Glutamine+Sitagliptin | 1341 |
| Glutamine+Placebo | 1463 |
Estimated mean change from baseline in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (NCT01519674)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 24
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| BID + Met | -1.90 |
| BID + Sita + Met | -2.03 |
| OD + Sita + Met | -1.96 |
Estimated mean change from baseline in HbA1c after 24 weeks of treatment. (NCT01519674)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| BID + Met | -1.27 |
| BID + Sita + Met | -1.51 |
| OD + Sita + Met | -1.15 |
Estimated mean change from baseline in Treatment Related Impact Measure - Diabetes (TRIM-D) 'total score' to end of trial. The score measured treatment satisfaction. The scores were transformed to a 0-100 scale with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction. (NCT01519674)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 24
| Intervention | scores (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| BID + Met | 6.22 |
| BID + Sita + Met | 5.93 |
| OD + Sita + Met | 6.20 |
Estimated mean post prandial increments at breakfast after 24 weeks of treatment. (NCT01519674)
Timeframe: After 24 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| BID + Met | 2.01 |
| BID + Sita + Met | 1.73 |
| OD + Sita + Met | 2.89 |
Estimated mean post prandial increments at dinner after 24 weeks of treatment. (NCT01519674)
Timeframe: After 24 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| BID + Met | 0.89 |
| BID + Sita + Met | 1.01 |
| OD + Sita + Met | 0.17 |
Estimated mean post prandial increments at lunch after 24 weeks of treatment. (NCT01519674)
Timeframe: After 24 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| BID + Met | 3.05 |
| BID + Sita + Met | 2.19 |
| OD + Sita + Met | 2.52 |
Estimated overall mean post prandial increment after 24 weeks of treatment. (NCT01519674)
Timeframe: After 24 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| BID + Met | 1.97 |
| BID + Sita + Met | 1.66 |
| OD + Sita + Met | 1.88 |
Proportion of subjects achieving HbA1c below 7.0% after 24 weeks of treatment (NCT01519674)
Timeframe: After 24 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | percentage (%) of subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| BID + Met | 49.7 |
| BID + Sita + Met | 59.8 |
| OD + Sita + Met | 46.5 |
Proportion of subjects achieving HbA1c equal to or below 6.5% after 24 weeks of treatment. (NCT01519674)
Timeframe: After 24 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | percentage (%) of subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| BID + Met | 30.6 |
| BID + Sita + Met | 40.7 |
| OD + Sita + Met | 25.1 |
Rate of AEs per 100 years of patient exposure. An adverse event was defined as treatment emergent if the event had onset date on or after the first day of exposure to randomised treatment and no later than the last day of randomised treatment. (NCT01519674)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 24
| Intervention | Events/100 years of patient exposure (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All treatment emergent adverse events | Serious adverse events | Severe adverse events | Moderate adverse events | Mild adverse events | Fatal adverse events | |
| BID + Met | 262.2 | 8.4 | 6.0 | 71.0 | 185.2 | 0 |
| BID + Sita + Met | 209.9 | 5.8 | 10.5 | 74.6 | 124.8 | 0 |
| OD + Sita + Met | 281.2 | 10.5 | 7.0 | 79.7 | 194.5 | 0 |
Number of treatment emergent hypoglycaemic episodes. Treatment emergent hypoglycaemic episode: if the onset of the episode was on or after the first day of exposure to randomised treatment and no later than the last day of randomised treatment. Nocturnal: Time of onset between 00:01 and 05:59 a.m. (both included). Additional minor hypoglycaemic episode: symptomatic or asymptomatic hypoglycaemia with blood glucose (BG) values < 2.8 mmol/L (50 mg/dL) or plasma glucose (PG) < 3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL), and which was handled by the subject him/herself. (NCT01519674)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 24
| Intervention | episodes (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diurnal (ADA) | Nocturnal (ADA) | Diurnal (additional minor) | Nocturnal (additional minor) | |
| BID + Met | 515 | 68 | 163 | 21 |
| BID + Sita + Met | 440 | 54 | 112 | 14 |
| OD + Sita + Met | 249 | 63 | 71 | 23 |
Change from baseline in body weight after 26 weeks of treatment. (NCT01059812)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| IDegAsp BID | 1.1 |
| BIAsp 30 BID | 1.4 |
Change from baseline in HbA1c after 26 weeks of treatment. (NCT01059812)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean) |
|---|---|
| IDegAsp BID | -1.38 |
| BIAsp 30 BID | -1.42 |
Mean of SMPG at 26 weeks of treatment. Plasma glucose measured: before breakfast, 90 minutes after start of breakfast, before lunch, 90 minutes after start of lunch, before dinner, 90 minutes after start of dinner, bedtime, at 4 am and before breakfast. (NCT01059812)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| IDegAsp BID | 7.6 |
| BIAsp 30 BID | 7.9 |
Rate of confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure (PYE). Confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes consisted of severe hypoglycaemia as well as minor hypoglycaemic episodes. Severe hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as requiring assistance to administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Minor hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol. (NCT01059812)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 26 + 7 days follow up
| Intervention | Episodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number) |
|---|---|
| IDegAsp BID | 956 |
| BIAsp 30 BID | 952 |
Rate of confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure (PYE). Confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes consisted of severe hypoglycaemia as well as minor hypoglycaemic episodes. Severe hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as requiring assistance to administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Minor hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. Nocturnal hypoglycaemic episodes are defined as occuring between 00:01 and 05:59 a.m. (NCT01059812)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 26 + 7 days follow up
| Intervention | Episodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number) |
|---|---|
| IDegAsp BID | 111 |
| BIAsp 30 BID | 155 |
IR was based on original RECORD endpoint definitions. CV death= no unequivocal non-CV cause (sudden death, death from acute vascular events, heart failure, acute MI, other CV causes, and deaths adjudicated as unknown cause). MI event=hospitalization + elevation of specific cardiac biomarkers above the upper limit of normal + cardiac ischemia symptoms/new pathological electrocardiogram findings. Stroke event=hospitalization + rapidly developed clinical signs of focal/global disturbance of cerebral function for more than 24 hours, with no apparent cause other than a vascular origin. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: Baseline through End of Study (up to 7.5 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Combined RSG | 181 |
| Combined MET/SU | 188 |
Par. with a stroke (fatal or non-fatal) event as determined by independent re-adjudication using the original RECORD endpoint definitions was recorded. A stroke event=hospitalization plus rapidly developed clinical signs of focal (or global) disturbance of cerebral function lasting more than 24 hours (unless interrupted by thrombolysis, surgery, or death), with no apparent cause other than a vascular origin, including par. presenting clinical signs/symptoms suggestive of subarachnoid haemorrhage/intracerebral haemorrhage/cerebral ischemic necrosis or cause of death adjudicated as stroke. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: Baseline through End of Study (up to 7.5 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Combined RSG | 50 |
| Combined MET/SU | 63 |
All deaths identified during the original record study and discovered after the re-adjudication efforts began were included. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: Baseline through End of Study (up to 7.5 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Combined RSG | 139 |
| Combined MET/SU | 160 |
The number of participants with a CV (or unknown) death as determined by independent re-adjudication using the Standard Data Collection for Cardiovascular Trials Initiative (draft October 2011) endpoint definitions was recorded. CV death included death resulting from an acute myocardial infarction (MI), sudden cardiac death, death due to heart failure, death due to stroke, and death due to other CV causes. Deaths of unknown cause were counted as CV deaths. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: Baseline through End of Study (up to 7.5 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Combined RSG | 88 |
| Combined MET/SU | 96 |
"The number of participants with a CV death (or unknown) as determined by independent re-adjudication using the original RECORD endpoint definitions was recorded. CV death was defined as any death for which an unequivocal non-CV cause could not be established. CV death included death following heart failure, death following acute myocardial infarction (MI), sudden death, death due to acute vascular events, and other CV causes. Deaths due to unknown causes were classified as unknown deaths, but were counted as CV deaths for the analysis of this endpoint." (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: Baseline through End of Study (up to 7.5 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Combined RSG | 88 |
| Combined MET/SU | 96 |
Independent re-adjudication was based on the Standard Data Collection for Cardiovascular Trials Initiative (draft October 2011) endpoint definitions. CV death included death resulting from an acute MI; sudden cardiac death and death due to heart failure, stroke, and to other CV causes. Deaths of unknown cause were counted as CV deaths. MI was defined as evidence of myocardial necrosis in a clinical setting consistent with myocardial ischemia. Stroke was defined as an acute episode of neurological dysfunction caused by focal or global brain, spinal cord, or retinal vascular injury. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: Baseline through End of Study (up to 7.5 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Combined RSG | 186 |
| Combined MET/SU | 191 |
The number of participants with an MI (fatal or non-fatal) event as determined by independent re-adjudication using the Standard Data Collection for Cardiovascular Trials Initiative (draft October 2011) endpoint definitions was recorded. An event of MI was defined as evidence of myocardial necrosis in a clinical setting consistent with myocardial ischemia. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: Baseline through End of Study (up to 7.5 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Combined RSG | 72 |
| Combined MET/SU | 62 |
The number of participants with an MI (fatal or non-fatal) event as determined by independent re-adjudication using the original RECORD endpoint definitions was recorded. An event of MI was defined as hospitalization plus elevation of cardiac biomarkers troponin (TN) I and/or TNT above the upper limit of normal (ULN) or creatinine kinase (CK) MB (M=muscle type; B=brain type) isoenzyme >= 2x the ULN or CK > 2x the ULN plus typical symptoms of cardiac ischemia or new pathological electrocardiogram findings, or cause of death adjudicated as MI. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: Baseline through End of Study (up to 7.5 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Combined RSG | 68 |
| Combined MET/SU | 60 |
The number of participants with a stroke (fatal or non-fatal) event as determined by independent re-adjudication using the Standard Data Collection for Cardiovascular Trials Initiative (draft October 2011) endpoint definitions was recorded. An event of stroke was defined as an acute episode of neurological dysfunction caused by focal or global brain, spinal cord, or retinal vascular injury. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: Baseline through End of Study (up to 7.5 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Combined RSG | 53 |
| Combined MET/SU | 64 |
Model adjusted (adjusted for any imbalances in the baseline values between within stratum treatment groups) change from baseline in alanine aminotransferase was calculated as the value at Month 60 minus the Baseline value. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: Baseline to Month 60 of the randomised dual therapy treatment phase
| Intervention | U/L (Units/Liter) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| RSG in Addition to Background MET | -37.43 |
| SU in Addition to Background MET | -21.73 |
| RSG in Addition to Background SU | -30.17 |
| MET in Addition to Background SU | -24.00 |
Model adjusted (adjusted for any imbalances in the baseline values between within stratum treatment groups) change from baseline in body weight was calculated as the value at Month 60 minus the Baseline value. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: Baseline to Month 60 of the randomised dual therapy treatment phase
| Intervention | kilograms (Mean) |
|---|---|
| RSG in Addition to Background MET | 3.93 |
| SU in Addition to Background MET | -0.54 |
| RSG in Addition to Background SU | 4.72 |
| MET in Addition to Background SU | -2.16 |
Model adjusted (adjusted for any imbalances in the baseline values between within stratum treatment groups) change from baseline in fasting plasma glucose was calculated as the value at Month 60 minus the Baseline value. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: Baseline to Month 60 of the randomised dual therapy treatment period
| Intervention | mmol/L (millimoles/Liter) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| RSG in Addition to Background MET | -1.38 |
| SU in Addition to Background MET | -0.29 |
| RSG in Addition to Background SU | -2.00 |
| MET in Addition to Background SU | -0.94 |
Model adjusted (adjusted for any imbalances in the baseline values between within stratum treatment groups) change from baseline in HbA1c was calculated as the value at Month 60 minus the Baseline value. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: Baseline and Month 60 of randomised dual therapy treatment period
| Intervention | Percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| RSG in Addition to Background MET | -0.14 |
| SU in Addition to Background MET | 0.17 |
| RSG in Addition to Background SU | -0.24 |
| MET in Addition to Background SU | -0.10 |
Model adjusted (adjusted for any imbalances in the baseline values between within stratum treatment groups) change from baseline in waist circumference was calculated as the value at Month 60 minus the Baseline value. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: Baseline to Month 60 of the randomised dual therapy treatment phase
| Intervention | cm (centimeters) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| RSG in Addition to Background MET | 2.70 |
| SU in Addition to Background MET | 0.65 |
| RSG in Addition to Background SU | 3.00 |
| MET in Addition to Background SU | -0.60 |
The model adjusted (adjusted for any imbalances in the baseline [BL] values between within stratum treatment groups) ratio to BL in Apo-B was calculated as the ratio of the Month 60 value to the BL value and was expressed as percent change from BL. For each treatment group, the model-adjusted mean change from BL at Month 60 was determined on the log scale. This mean was then back transformed to give a geometric mean (GM) of the ratio of the Month 60 value to BL on the original scale. The GM was expressed as a percentage (100*[GM^-1]). (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: Baseline to Month 60 of the randomised dual therapy treatment period
| Intervention | percent change (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| RSG in Addition to Background MET | -13.77 |
| SU in Addition to Background MET | -11.63 |
| RSG in Addition to Background SU | -9.68 |
| MET in Addition to Background SU | -12.09 |
The model adjusted (adjusted for any imbalances in the baseline [BL] values between within stratum treatment groups) ratio to BL in C-Reactive Protein was calculated as the ratio of the Month 60 value to the BL value and was expressed as percent change from BL. For each treatment group, the model-adjusted mean change from BL at Month 60 was determined on the log scale. This mean was then back transformed to give a geometric mean (GM) of the ratio of the Month 60 value to BL on the original scale. The GM was expressed as a percentage (100*[GM^-1]). (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: Baseline to Month 60 of the randomised dual therapy treatment phase
| Intervention | percent change (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| RSG in Addition to Background MET | -57.40 |
| SU in Addition to Background MET | -28.92 |
| RSG in Addition to Background SU | -56.50 |
| MET in Addition to Background SU | -36.29 |
The model adjusted (adjusted for any imbalances in the baseline [BL] values between within stratum treatment groups) ratio to BL in fibrinogen was calculated as the ratio of the Month 60 value to the BL value and was expressed as percent change from BL. For each treatment group, the model-adjusted mean change from BL at Month 60 was determined on the log scale. This mean was then back transformed to give a geometric mean (GM) of the ratio of the Month 60 value to BL on the original scale. The GM was expressed as a percentage (100*[GM^-1]). (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: Baseline to Month 60 of the randomised dual therapy treatment phase
| Intervention | percent change (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| RSG in Addition to Background MET | 2.12 |
| SU in Addition to Background MET | 5.74 |
| RSG in Addition to Background SU | -0.23 |
| MET in Addition to Background SU | 3.14 |
The model adjusted (adjusted for any imbalances in the baseline [BL] values between within stratum treatment groups) ratio to BL in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) antigen was calculated as the ratio of the Month 60 value to the BL value and was expressed as percent change from BL. For each treatment group, the model-adjusted mean change from BL at Month 60 was determined on the log scale. This mean was then back transformed to give a geometric mean (GM) of the ratio of the Month 60 value to BL on the original scale. The GM was expressed as a percentage (100*[GM^-1]). (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: Baseline to Month 60 of the randomised dual therapy treatment phase
| Intervention | percent change (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| RSG in Addition to Background MET | -9.85 |
| SU in Addition to Background MET | 15.01 |
| RSG in Addition to Background SU | -7.79 |
| MET in Addition to Background SU | -0.64 |
The model adjusted (adjusted for any imbalances in the baseline [BL] values between within stratum treatment groups) ratio to BL in urinary albumin creatinine ratio was calculated as the ratio of the Month 60 value to the BL value and was expressed as percent change from BL. For each treatment group, the model-adjusted mean change from BL at Month 60 was determined on the log scale. This mean was then back transformed to give a geometric mean (GM) of the ratio of the Month 60 value to BL on the original scale. The GM was expressed as a percentage (100*[GM^-1]). (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: Baseline to Month 60 of the randomised dual therapy treatment phase
| Intervention | percent change (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| RSG in Addition to Background MET | 8.31 |
| SU in Addition to Background MET | 15.17 |
| RSG in Addition to Background SU | -3.43 |
| MET in Addition to Background SU | 11.91 |
The observational follow-up was designed to collect data concerning cancer and bone fractures in RECORD participants during a 4-year period after the end of the main RECORD study. At the end of the main study, all study medication was stopped. Participants were not provided with study medication in the observational follow-up; instead, anti-diabetic treatment was prescribed at the investigator's discretion. A bone fracture event is defined as one or more fractured bones occurring on the same date and that had the same Higher Level Group Term (HLGT) for fracture location, per participant. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: From the beginning of the main study through the end of the observational follow-up (up to 11.4 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Combined RSG: Main Study and Observational Follow-up | 0 |
| Combined MET/SU: Main Study and Observational Follow-up | 0 |
The number of participants with cardiovascular death events (death due to cardiovascular causes or deaths with insufficient information to rule out a cardiovascular cause) and cardiovascular hospitalisation events (hospitalisation for a cardiovascular event, excluding planned admissions not associated with a worsening of the disease/condition of the participant) was recorded. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: Baseline through End of Study (up to 7.5 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Combined RSG | 321 |
| Combined MET/SU | 323 |
Participants with first cardiovascular death (death due to cardiovascular causes or deaths with insufficient information to rule out a cardiovascular cause) and cardiovascular hospitalisation (hospitalisation for a cardiovascular event, excluding planned admissions not associated with a worsening of the disease/condition of the participant) were recorded by study stratum. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: Baseline through End of Study (up to 7.5 years)
| Intervention | partcipants (Number) |
|---|---|
| RSG in Addition to Background MET | 158 |
| SU in Addition to Background MET | 154 |
| RSG in Addition to Background SU | 163 |
| MET in Addition to Background SU | 169 |
Failure of glycaemic control was defined as two consecutive HbA1c values of ≥8.5 percent, or HbA1c ≥8.5percent at a single visit, after which the subject was either moved to the post-randomised treatment phase or triple therapy was started. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: Baseline through to end of randomised dual therapy
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| RSG in Addition to Background MET | 281 |
| SU in Addition to Background MET | 451 |
| RSG in Addition to Background SU | 365 |
| MET in Addition to Background SU | 424 |
The number of participants starting insulin at any time during the study was recorded. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: Baseline through End of Study (up to 7.5 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| RSG in Addition to Background MET | 126 |
| SU in Addition to Background MET | 276 |
| RSG in Addition to Background SU | 168 |
| MET in Addition to Background SU | 259 |
Model adjusted (adjusted for any imbalances in the baseline values between within treatment groups) change from baseline in SBP and DBP was calculated as the value at Month 60 minus the Baseline value. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: Baseline to Month 60 of the randomised dual therapy treatment phase
| Intervention | mmHg (millimeters of mercury) (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| SBP | DBP | |
| MET in Addition to Background SU | -0.6 | -2.3 |
| RSG in Addition to Background MET | -1.9 | -3.6 |
| RSG in Addition to Background SU | -2.3 | -3.6 |
| SU in Addition to Background MET | -2.2 | -3.4 |
Model adjusted (adjusted for any imbalances in the baseline values between within stratum treatment groups) change from baseline in insulin and pro-insulin was calculated as the value at Month 60 minus the Baseline value. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: Baseline to Month 60 of the randomised dual therapy treatment period
| Intervention | picamoles/liter (pmol/L) (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Insulin, Adjusted Change from Baseline | Pro-insulin, Adjusted Change from Baseline | |
| MET in Addition to Background SU | -12.1 | -3.0 |
| RSG in Addition to Background MET | -18.6 | -2.4 |
| RSG in Addition to Background SU | -16.9 | -3.2 |
| SU in Addition to Background MET | 3.7 | 4.2 |
The model adjusted (adjusted for any imbalances in the baseline [BL] values between within stratum treatment groups) ratio to BL in TC, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and FFAs was calculated as the ratio of the Month 60 value to the BL value and was expressed as percent change from BL. For each treatment group, the model-adjusted mean change from BL at Month 60 was determined on the log scale. This mean was then back transformed to give a geometric mean (GM) of the ratio of the Month 60 value to BL on the original scale. The GM was expressed as a percentage (100*[GM^-1]). (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: Baseline to Month 60 of the randomised dual therapy treatment phase
| Intervention | percent change (Geometric Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total cholesterol | HDL-cholesterol | LDL-cholesterol | Triglycerides | Free fatty acids | |
| MET in Addition to Background SU | -9.68 | 6.14 | -17.80 | -2.50 | 4.47 |
| RSG in Addition to Background MET | -5.49 | 9.95 | -12.70 | -7.97 | -16.46 |
| RSG in Addition to Background SU | -2.91 | 7.73 | -8.99 | -2.68 | -11.58 |
| SU in Addition to Background MET | -9.09 | 2.57 | -17.68 | -1.95 | 2.79 |
The model adjusted (adjusted for any imbalances in the baseline [BL] values between within stratum treatment groups) ratio to BL in TC:HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol:HDL cholesterol was calculated as the ratio of the Month 60 value to the BL value and was expressed as percent change from BL. For each treatment group, the model-adjusted mean change from BL at Month 60 was determined on the log scale. This mean was then back transformed to give a geometric mean (GM) of the ratio of the Month 60 value to BL on the original scale. The GM was expressed as a percentage (100*[GM^-1]). (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: Baseline to Month 60 of the randomised dual therapy treatment period
| Intervention | percent change (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Total Cholesterol: HDL Cholesterol Ratio | LDL Cholesterol: HDL-Cholesterol Ratio | |
| MET in Addition to Background SU | -15.01 | -22.53 |
| RSG in Addition to Background MET | -14.20 | -20.89 |
| RSG in Addition to Background SU | -9.93 | -15.85 |
| SU in Addition to Background MET | -11.33 | -20.04 |
The model adjusted (adjusted for any imbalances in the baseline [BL] values between within stratum treatment groups) ratio to BL in HOMA beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity was calculated as the ratio of the Month 60 value to the BL value and was expressed as percent change from BL. For each treatment group, the model-adjusted mean change from BL at Month 60 was determined on the log scale. This mean was then back transformed to give a geometric mean (GM) of the ratio of the Month 60 value to BL on the original scale. The GM was expressed as a percentage (100*[GM^-1]). (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: Baseline to Month 60 of the randomised dual therapy treatment phase
| Intervention | percent change (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Beta cell function | Insulin sensitivity | |
| MET in Addition to Background SU | 12.43 | 23.90 |
| RSG in Addition to Background MET | 20.54 | 42.57 |
| RSG in Addition to Background SU | 32.35 | 42.07 |
| SU in Addition to Background MET | 19.28 | -3.45 |
"The observational follow-up was designed to collect data concerning cancer and bone fractures in RECORD participants during a 4-year period after the end of the main RECORD study. At the end of the main study, all study medication was stopped. Participants were not provided with study medication in the observational follow-up; instead, anti-diabetic treatment was prescribed at the investigator's discretion. A bone fracture event is defined as one or more fractured bones occurring on the same date and that had the same Higher Level Group Term (HLGT) for fracture location, per participant. The indicated fracture outcome was pre-specified in the CRF and included Unknown as a category. Fracture events with missing outcome data were reported as Data unavailable." (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: From the beginning of the main study through the end of the observational follow-up (up to 11.4 years)
| Intervention | bone fracture events (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of bone fracture events | Unknown | Normal healing with standard management | Complication | Additional therapeutic measures required | Data unavailable | |
| Combined MET/SU: Main Study and Observational Follow-up | 174 | 5 | 142 | 13 | 9 | 5 |
| Combined RSG: Main Study and Observational Follow-up | 299 | 7 | 250 | 14 | 16 | 12 |
"The observational follow-up was designed to collect data concerning cancer and bone fractures in RECORD participants during a 4-year period after the end of the main RECORD study. At the end of the main study, all study medication was stopped. Participants were not provided with study medication in the observational follow-up; instead, anti-diabetic treatment was prescribed at the investigator's discretion. A bone fracture event is defined as one or more fractured bones occurring on the same date and that had the same Higher Level Group Term (HLGT) for fracture location, per participant. The indicated fracture outcome was pre-specified in the CRF and included Unknown as a category. Fracture events with missing outcome data were reported as Data unavailable." (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: From the end of the RECORD study through the end of the observational follow-up (up to 4.0 years)
| Intervention | bone fracture events (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of bone fracture events | Unknown | Normal healing with standard management | Complication | Additional therapeutic measures required | Data unavailable | |
| Combined MET/SU: Observational Follow-up | 41 | 1 | 33 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
| Combined RSG: Observational Follow-up | 70 | 1 | 51 | 7 | 3 | 8 |
Number of responders, i.e., participants meeting glycaemic targets (HbA1c less than or equal to 7 percent, FPG less than or equal to 7 mmol/L) (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: Baseline to Month 60 of the randomised dual therapy treatment period
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| HbA1c Responders | FPG Responders | |
| MET in Addition to Background SU | 180 | 154 |
| RSG in Addition to Background MET | 265 | 300 |
| RSG in Addition to Background SU | 235 | 257 |
| SU in Addition to Background MET | 208 | 180 |
The observational follow-up was designed to collect data concerning cancer and bone fractures in RECORD participants during a 4-year period after the end of the main RECORD study. At the end of the main study, all study medication was stopped. Participants were not provided with study medication in the observational follow-up; instead, anti-diabetic treatment was prescribed at the investigator's discretion. An SAE is defined as any event that is fatal; life threatening; disabling/incapacitating; results in hospitalization (excluding elective surgery or routine clinical procedures); prolongs a hospital stay; is associated with a congenital abnormality; cancer; is associated with an overdose. In addition, any event that the investigator regards as serious or that would suggest any significant hazard, contraindication, side effect, or precaution that may be associated with the study procedures should be reported as an SAE. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: From the beginning of the main study through the end of the observational follow-up (up to 11.4 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any cancer-related death | Any gastrointestinal event | Pancreatic | Colon/rectal | Gastric | Liver | Gall bladder/biliary | Gastrointestinal event; not specified | Any genitourinary event | Renal | Uterine | Prostate | Bladder | Ovarian | Lung | Any hematologic event | Skin (melanoma) | Skin (non-melanomatous) | Metastases | Breast | Head and neck | Any neurologic event | Endocrine | Not specified | |
| Combined MET/SU: Main Study and Observational Follow-up | 72 | 34 | 12 | 11 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 15 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Combined RSG: Main Study and Observational Follow-up | 59 | 25 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 13 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
The observational follow-up was designed to collect data concerning cancer and bone fractures in RECORD participants during a 4-year period after the end of the main RECORD study. At the end of the main study, all study medication was stopped. Participants were not provided with study medication in the observational follow-up; instead, anti-diabetic treatment was prescribed at the investigator's discretion. An SAE is defined as any event that is fatal; life threatening; disabling/incapacitating; results in hospitalization (excluding elective surgery or routine clinical procedures); prolongs a hospital stay; is associated with a congenital abnormality; cancer; is associated with an overdose. In addition, any event that the investigator regards as serious or that would suggest any significant hazard, contraindication, side effect, or precaution that may be associated with the study procedures should be reported as an SAE. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: From the end of the RECORD study through the end of the observational follow-up (up to 4.0 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any cancer-related death | Any gastrointestinal event | Pancreatic | Colon/rectal | Gastric | Liver | Gall bladder/biliary | Gastrointestinal event; not specified | Any genitourinary event | Renal | Uterine | Prostate | Bladder | Ovarian | Lung | Any hematologic event | Skin (melanoma) | Skin (non-melanomatous) | Metastases | Breast | Head and neck | Any neurologic event | Endocrine | Not specified | |
| Combined MET/SU: Observational Follow-up | 24 | 14 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Combined RSG: Observational Follow-up | 25 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
The observational follow-up was designed to collect data concerning cancer and bone fractures in RECORD participants during a 4-year period after the end of the main RECORD study. At the end of the main study, all study medication was stopped. Participants were not provided with study medication in the observational follow-up; instead, anti-diabetic treatment was prescribed at the investigator's discretion. A bone fracture event is defined as one or more fractured bones occurring on the same date and that had the same Higher Level Group Term (HLGT) for fracture location, per participant. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: From the beginning of the main study through the end of the observational follow-up (up to 11.4 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall, n=2220, 2227 | Male, n=1142, 1152 | Female, n=1078, 1075 | |
| Combined MET/SU: Main Study and Observational Follow-up | 151 | 60 | 91 |
| Combined RSG: Main Study and Observational Follow-up | 238 | 82 | 156 |
The observational follow-up was designed to collect data concerning cancer and bone fractures in RECORD participants during a 4-year period after the end of the main RECORD study. At the end of the main study, all study medication was stopped. Participants were not provided with study medication in the observational follow-up; instead, anti-diabetic treatment was prescribed at the investigator's discretion. A bone fracture event is defined as one or more fractured bones occurring on the same date and that had the same Higher Level Group Term (HLGT) for fracture location, per participant. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: From the end of the RECORD study through the end of the observational follow-up (up to 4.0 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall, n=1280, 1250 | Male, n=665, 635 | Female, n=615, 615 | |
| Combined MET/SU: Observational Follow-up | 37 | 11 | 26 |
| Combined RSG: Observational Follow-up | 64 | 25 | 39 |
The OFU was designed to collect data concerning cancer and bone fractures in RECORD participants during a 4-year period after the end of the main RECORD study. At the end of the main study, all study medication was stopped. Participants were not provided with study medication in the OFU. A bone fracture event is defined as one or more fractured bones occurring on the same date and that had the same Higher Level Group Term (HLGT) for fracture location, per participant. An SAE is defined as any event that is fatal; life threatening; disabling/incapacitating; results in hospitalization (excluding elective surgery or routine clinical procedures); prolongs a hospital stay; is associated with a congenital abnormality; cancer; is associated with an overdose. In addition, any event that the investigator regards as serious or that would suggest any significant hazard, contraindication, side effect, or precaution that may be associated with the study procedures should be reported as an SAE. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: From the beginning of the main study through the end of the observational follow-up (up to 11.4 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any event | Upper limb | Distal lower limb | Femur/hip | Spinal | Pelvic | Other | |
| Combined MET/SU: Main Study and Observational Follow-up | 57 | 17 | 16 | 11 | 9 | 3 | 4 |
| Combined RSG: Main Study and Observational Follow-up | 81 | 41 | 24 | 15 | 7 | 0 | 7 |
The OFU was designed to collect data concerning cancer and bone fractures in RECORD participants during a 4-year period after the end of the main RECORD study. At the end of the main study, all study medication was stopped. Participants were not provided with study medication in the OFU. A bone fracture event is defined as one or more fractured bones occurring on the same date and that had the same Higher Level Group Term (HLGT) for fracture location, per participant. An SAE is defined as any event that is fatal; life threatening; disabling/incapacitating; results in hospitalization (excluding elective surgery or routine clinical procedures); prolongs a hospital stay; is associated with a congenital abnormality; cancer; is associated with an overdose. In addition, any event that the investigator regards as serious or that would suggest any significant hazard, contraindication, side effect, or precaution that may be associated with the study procedures should be reported as an SAE. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: From the end of the RECORD study through the end of the observational follow-up (up to 4.0 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any event | Upper limb | Distal lower limb | Femur/hip | Spinal | Pelvic | Other | |
| Combined MET/SU: Observational Follow-up | 21 | 5 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Combined RSG: Observational Follow-up | 35 | 17 | 9 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
The number of participants with addition of a third oral agent or switch to insulin from randomised dual combination treatment were recorded. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: Baseline through End of Study (up to 7.5 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Participants with an event | First Event - Triple Therapy | First Event - Insulin | |
| MET in Addition to Background SU | 171 | 6 | 165 |
| RSG in Addition to Background MET | 295 | 257 | 38 |
| RSG in Addition to Background SU | 344 | 296 | 49 |
| SU in Addition to Background MET | 183 | 7 | 176 |
The observational follow-up was designed to collect data concerning cancer and bone fractures in RECORD participants during a 4-year period after the end of the main RECORD study. At the end of the main study, all study medication was stopped. Participants were not provided with study medication in the observational follow-up; instead, anti-diabetic treatment was prescribed at the investigator's discretion. A bone fracture event is defined as one or more fractured bones occurring on the same date and that had the same Higher Level Group Term (HLGT) for fracture location, per participant. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: From the beginning of the main study through the end of the observational follow-up (up to 11.4 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any event | Non-traumatic event | Traumatic event | Pathologic | Unknown | Data unavailable | |
| Combined MET/SU: Main Study and Observational Follow-up | 151 | 55 | 77 | 4 | 19 | 3 |
| Combined RSG: Main Study and Observational Follow-up | 238 | 113 | 110 | 1 | 20 | 9 |
"The observational follow-up was designed to collect data concerning cancer and bone fractures in RECORD participants during a 4-year period after the end of the main RECORD study. At the end of the main study, all study medication was stopped. Participants were not provided with study medication in the observational follow-up; instead, anti-diabetic treatment was prescribed at the investigator's discretion. A bone fracture event is defined as one or more fractured bones occurring on the same date and that had the same Higher Level Group Term (HLGT) for fracture location, per participant. The indicated fracture outcome was pre-specified in the CRF and included Unknown as a category. Fracture events with missing outcome data were reported as Data unavailable." (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: From the end of the RECORD study through the end of the observational follow-up (up to 4.0 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any event | Non-traumatic event, | Traumatic event | Pathologic | Unknown | Data unavailable | |
| Combined MET/SU: Observational Follow-up | 37 | 14 | 17 | 2 | 4 | 1 |
| Combined RSG: Observational Follow-up | 64 | 36 | 24 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Composites of participants with first cardiovascular (CV) hospitalisations and CV death or all-cause death and individual first events of acute myocardial infarction (MI) , stroke, congestive heart failure (CHF), CV death, and all-cause death. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: Baseline through End of Study (up to 7.5 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CV death, acute MI, stroke | CV death, acute MI, stroke, unstable angina | CV death, acute MI, stroke, unstable angina, CHF | All-cause death,acuteMI,stroke,unstable angina,CHF | Acute MI (fatal or non-fatal) | Stroke (fatal or non-fatal) | CHF (fatal or non-fatal) | Death from CV causes | Death (all cause) during CV follow-up | Death (all-cause) including survival status | |
| Combined MET/SU | 165 | 184 | 206 | 268 | 56 | 63 | 29 | 71 | 139 | 157 |
| Combined RSG | 154 | 171 | 204 | 251 | 64 | 46 | 61 | 60 | 111 | 136 |
The number of participants with first cardiovascular or microvascular events (renal, foot, eye) were recorded. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: Baseline through End of Study (up to 7.5 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants with a CV/Microvascular event | Participants with any microvascular event | Participants with any eye event | Participants with any foot event | Participants with any renal event | |
| Combined MET/SU | 385 | 78 | 52 | 28 | 0 |
| Combined RSG | 363 | 59 | 42 | 19 | 0 |
The observational follow-up was designed to collect data concerning cancer and bone fractures in RECORD participants during a 4-year period after the end of the main RECORD study. At the end of the main study, all study medication was stopped. Participants were not provided with study medication in the observational follow-up; instead, anti-diabetic treatment was prescribed at the investigator's discretion. A bone fracture event is defined as one or more fractured bones occurring on the same date and that had the same Higher Level Group Term (HLGT) for fracture location, per participant. The following bone fractures were grouped and were identified as potentially high morbidity bone fractures: hip, pelvis, upper leg, vertebral (lumbar spine, thoracic spine, cervical spine, spine - site unknown). (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: From the beginning of the main study through the end of the observational follow-up (up to 11.4 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any H/UA/FF event, overall, n=2220, 2227 | Any H/UA/FF event, male, n=1142, 1152 | Any H/UA/FF event, female, n=1078, 1075 | High morbidity fractures, overall, n=2220, 2227 | High morbidity fractures, male, n=1142, 1152 | High morbidity fractures, female, n=1078, 1075 | Non-high morbidity fractures, overall, n=2220, 222 | Non-high morbidity fractures, male, n=1142, 1152 | Non-high morbidity fractures, female, n=1078, 1075 | |
| Combined MET/SU: Main Study and Observational Follow-up | 46 | 15 | 31 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 1 |
| Combined RSG: Main Study and Observational Follow-up | 86 | 28 | 58 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 15 | 2 | 13 |
The observational follow-up was designed to collect data concerning cancer and bone fractures in RECORD participants during a 4-year period after the end of the main RECORD study. At the end of the main study, all study medication was stopped. Participants were not provided with study medication in the observational follow-up; instead, anti-diabetic treatment was prescribed at the investigator's discretion. A bone fracture event is defined as one or more fractured bones occurring on the same date and that had the same Higher Level Group Term (HLGT) for fracture location, per participant. The following bone fractures were grouped and were identified as potentially high morbidity bone fractures: hip, pelvis, upper leg, vertebral (lumbar spine, thoracic spine, cervical spine, spine - site unknown). (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: From the beginning of the main study through the end of the observational follow-up (up to 11.4 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any event, overall, n=2220, 2227 | Any event, male, n=1142, 1152 | Any event, female, n=1078, 1075 | Hip, overall, n=2220, 2227 | Hip, male, n=1142, 1152 | Hip, female, n=1078, 1075 | Pelvis, overall, n=2220, 2227 | Pelvis, male, n=1142, 1152 | Pelvis, female, n=1078, 1075 | Upper leg, overall, n=2220, 2227 | Upper leg, male, n=1142, 1152 | Upper leg, female, n=1078, 1075 | Any vertebral event, overall, n=2220, 2227 | Any vertebral event, male, n=1142, 1152 | Any vertebral event, female, n=1078, 1075 | Lumbar spine, overall, n=2220, 2227 | Lumbar spine, male, n=1142, 1152 | Lumbar spine, female, n=1078, 1075 | Thoracic spine, overall, n=2220, 2227 | Thoracic spine, male, n=1142, 1152 | Thoracic spine, female, n=1078, 1075 | Cervical spine, overall, n=2220, 2227 | Cervical spine, male, n=1142, 1152 | Cervical spine, female, n=1078, 1075 | |
| Combined MET/SU: Main Study and Observational Follow-up | 31 | 13 | 18 | 7 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 13 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Combined RSG: Main Study and Observational Follow-up | 31 | 10 | 21 | 9 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 16 | 6 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
The observational follow-up was designed to collect data concerning cancer and bone fractures in RECORD participants during a 4-year period after the end of the main RECORD study. At the end of the main study, all study medication was stopped. Participants were not provided with study medication in the observational follow-up; instead, anti-diabetic treatment was prescribed at the investigator's discretion. A bone fracture event is defined as one or more fractured bones occurring on the same date that had the same Higher Level Group Term (HLGT) for fracture location, per participant. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: From the beginning of the main study through the end of the observational follow-up (up to 11.4 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any event, overall; n=2220, 2227 | Any event, male; n=1142, 1152 | Any event, female; n=1078, 1075 | Upper limb, any event, overall; n=2220, 2227 | Upper limb, any event, male; n=1142, 1152 | Upper limb, any event, female; n=1078, 1075 | Distal lower limb, any event, overall; n=2220, 222 | Distal lower limb, any event, male; n=1142, 1152 | Distal lower limb, any event, female; n=1078, 1075 | Femur/hip, any event, overall; n=2220, 2227 | Femur/hip, any event, male; n=1142, 1152 | Femur/hip, any event, female; n=1078, 1075 | Spinal, any event, overall; n=2220, 2227 | Spinal, any event, male; n=1142, 1152 | Spinal, any event, female; n=1078, 1075 | Pelvic, any event, overall; n=2220, 2227 | Pelvic, any event, male; n=1142, 1152 | Pelvic, any event, female; n=1078, 1075 | Unclassified, any event, overall; n=2220, 2227 | Unclassified, any event, male; n=1142, 1152 | Unclassified, any event, female; n=1078, 1075 | Other, any event, overall; n=2220, 2227 | Other, any event, male; n=1142, 1152 | Other, any event, female; n=1078, 1075 | |
| Combined MET/SU: Main Study and Observational Follow-up | 151 | 60 | 91 | 70 | 22 | 48 | 40 | 14 | 26 | 13 | 1 | 12 | 14 | 9 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 16 | 10 |
| Combined RSG: Main Study and Observational Follow-up | 238 | 82 | 156 | 116 | 32 | 84 | 88 | 31 | 57 | 16 | 4 | 12 | 18 | 7 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 31 | 18 | 13 |
The observational follow-up was designed to collect data concerning cancer and bone fractures in RECORD participants during a 4-year period after the end of the main RECORD study. At the end of the main study, all study medication was stopped. Participants were not provided with study medication in the observational follow-up; instead, anti-diabetic treatment was prescribed at the investigator's discretion. A bone fracture event is defined as one or more fractured bones occurring on the same date that had the same Higher Level Group Term (HLGT) for fracture location, per participant. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: From the end of the RECORD study through the end of the observational follow-up (up to 4.0 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any event, overall; n=1280, 1250 | Any event, male; n=665, 635 | Any event, female; n=615, 615 | Upper limb, any event, overall; n=1280, 1250 | Upper limb, any event, male; n=665, 635 | Upper limb, any event, female; n=615, 615 | Distal lower limb, any event, overall; n=1280,1250 | Distal lower limb, any event, male; n=665, 635 | Distal lower limb, any event, female; n=615, 615 | Femur/hip, any event, overall; n=1280, 1250 | Femur/hip, any event, male; n=665, 635 | Femur/hip, any event, female; n=615, 615 | Spinal, any event, overall; n=1280, 1250 | Spinal, any event, male; n=665, 635 | Spinal, any event, female; n=615, 615 | Pelvic, any event, overall; n=1280, 1250 | Pelvic, any event, male; n=665, 635 | Pelvic, any event, female; n=615, 615 | Unclassified, any event, overall; n=1280, 1250 | Unclassified, any event, male; n=665, 635 | Unclassified, any event, female; n=615, 615 | Other, any event, overall; n=1280, 1250 | Other, any event, male; n=665, 635 | Other, any event, female; n=615, 615 | |
| Combined MET/SU: Observational Follow-up | 37 | 11 | 26 | 15 | 3 | 12 | 13 | 4 | 9 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Combined RSG: Observational Follow-up | 64 | 25 | 39 | 33 | 10 | 23 | 18 | 9 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 4 | 2 |
The observational follow-up was designed to collect data concerning cancer and bone fractures in RECORD participants during a 4-year period after the end of the main RECORD study. At the end of the main study, all study medication was stopped. Participants were not provided with study medication in the observational follow-up; instead, anti-diabetic treatment was prescribed at the investigator's discretion. An SAE is defined as any event that is fatal; life threatening; disabling/incapacitating; results in hospitalization (excluding elective surgery or routine clinical procedures); prolongs a hospital stay; is associated with a congenital abnormality; cancer; is associated with an overdose. In addition, any event that the investigator regards as serious or that would suggest any significant hazard, contraindication, side effect, or precaution that may be associated with the study procedures should be reported as an SAE. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: From the end of the RECORD study through the end of the observational follow-up (up to 4.0 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any event | Ankle fracture | Prostate cancer | Lung neoplasm malignant | Breast cancer | Basal cell carcinoma | Pancreatic carcinoma | Colon cancer | Humerus fracture | Upper limb fracture | Malignant melanoma | Uterine cancer | Gastric cancer | Wrist fracture | Hip fracture | Radius fracture | Forearm fracture | Hepatic neoplasm malignant | Rectal cancer | Renal cancer | Foot fracture | Renal cell carcinoma | Femur fracture | Femoral neck fracture | Lumbar vertebral fracture | Metastases to bone | Metastases to liver | Bladder cancer | Fall | Metastases to central nervous system | Rib fracture | Squamous cell carcinoma | Acute myocardial infarction | Brain neoplasm | Gastric neoplasm | Metastases to lung | Patella fracture | Death | Abdominal pain | Acute myeloid leukaemia | Acute respiratory failure | Anaemia | Benign salivary gland neoplasm | Biliary colic | Biliary neoplasm | Bone neoplasm malignant | Bronchial carcinoma | Cardiac failure acute | Chest pain | Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia | Colon neoplasm | Contusion | Drowning | Dysplasia | Endometrial cancer stage I | Leukaemia | Lower limb fracture | Lung squamous cell carcinoma stage unspecified | Lymphoma | Malignant neoplasm of pleura | Metastases to skin | Metastases to testicle | Metastatic renal cell carcinoma | Oesophageal carcinoma | Osteoarthritis | Pancreatic necrosis | Rectal cancer stage II | Spinal fracture | T-cell lymphoma | Urinary tract infection | Uterine leiomyosarcoma | Biliary cancer metastatic | Cervix carcinoma | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | Comminuted fracture | Craniocerebral injury | Gastrointestinal neoplasm | Hepatic lesion | Joint dislocation | Laryngeal cancer | Lip neoplasm malignant stage unspecified | Lung neoplasm | Metastases to lymph nodes | Metastasis | Musculoskeletal chest pain | Myocardial infarction | Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma | Pubis fracture | Pulmonary embolism | Rectal cancer recurrent | Rectal neoplasm | Skin cancer | Skin ulcer | Small cell lung cancer stage unspecified | Sternal fracture | Subdural haemorrhage | Sudden death | Thoracic vertebral fracture | Thyroid cancer | Vulval cancer | |
| Combined MET/SU: Observational Follow-up | 76 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Combined RSG: Observational Follow-up | 99 | 6 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
The observational follow-up (OFU) was designed to collect data concerning cancer and bone fractures in RECORD participants during a 4-year period after the end of the main RECORD study. At the end of the main study, all study medication was stopped. Participants were not provided with study medication in the OFU. The neoplasms/cancer events of bladder, breast, colon, liver, pancreatic, prostate cancer, and melanoma were pre-specified as cancers of interest for the OFU. An SAE is defined as any event that is fatal; life threatening; disabling/incapacitating; results in hospitalization (excluding elective surgery or routine clinical procedures); prolongs a hospital stay; is associated with a congenital abnormality; cancer; is associated with an overdose. In addition, any event that the investigator regards as serious or that would suggest any significant hazard, contraindication, side effect, or precaution that may be associated with the study procedures should be reported as an SAE. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: From the beginning of the main study through the end of the observational follow-up (up to 11.4 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any genitourinary | Prostate | Renal | Uterine | Bladder | Vaginal/vulvar | Ovarian | Any gastrointestinal | Colon/rectal cancer | Colon | Gastric | Pancreatic | Liver | Gall bladder/biliary | Gastrointestinal; not specified | Any hematologic | Lung | Skin (non-melanomatous) | Skin (melanomatous) | Metastases | Breast | Head and neck | Neurologic | Endocrine | Not specified | Other | |
| Combined MET/SU: Main Study and Observational Follow-up | 57 | 22 | 9 | 16 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 62 | 30 | 21 | 5 | 16 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 15 | 13 | 4 | 18 | 23 | 7 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 3 |
| Combined RSG: Main Study and Observational Follow-up | 57 | 22 | 12 | 11 | 8 | 1 | 5 | 48 | 22 | 14 | 13 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 12 | 19 | 19 | 6 | 12 | 12 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
The observational follow-up (OFU) was designed to collect data concerning cancer and bone fractures in RECORD participants during a 4-year period after the end of the main RECORD study. At the end of the main study, all study medication was stopped. Participants were not provided with study medication in the OFU. The neoplasms/cancer events of bladder, breast, colon, liver, pancreatic, prostate cancer, and melanoma were pre-specified as cancers of interest for the OFU. An SAE is defined as any event that is fatal; life threatening; disabling/incapacitating; results in hospitalization (excluding elective surgery or routine clinical procedures); prolongs a hospital stay; is associated with a congenital abnormality; cancer; is associated with an overdose. In addition, any event that the investigator regards as serious or that would suggest any significant hazard, contraindication, side effect, or precaution that may be associated with the study procedures should be reported as an SAE. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: From the end of the RECORD study through the end of the observational follow-up (up to 4.0 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any genitourinary | Prostate | Renal | Uterine | Bladder | Vaginal/vulvar | Ovarian | Any gastrointestinal | Colon/rectal cancer | Colon | Gastric | Pancreatic | Liver | Gall bladder/biliary | Gastrointestinal; not specified | Any hematologic | Lung | Skin (non-melanomatous) | Skin (melanomatous) | Metastases | Breast | Head and neck | Neurologic | Endocrine | Not specified | Other | |
| Combined MET/SU: Observational Follow-up | 8 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 19 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 6 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Combined RSG: Observational Follow-up | 18 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
The observational follow-up was designed to collect data concerning cancer and bone fractures in RECORD participants during a 4-year period after the end of the main RECORD study. At the end of the main study, all study medication was stopped. Participants were not provided with study medication in the observational follow-up; instead, anti-diabetic treatment was prescribed at the investigator's discretion. An SAE is defined as any event that is fatal; life threatening; disabling/incapacitating; results in hospitalization (excluding elective surgery or routine clinical procedures); prolongs a hospital stay; is associated with a congenital abnormality; cancer; is associated with an overdose. In addition, any event that the investigator regards as serious or that would suggest any significant hazard, contraindication, side effect, or precaution that may be associated with the study procedures should be reported as an SAE. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: From the beginning of the main study through the end of the observational follow-up (up to 11.4 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| All neoplasms/cancer (N/C) (benign/malignant) | Malignant (Mal.) N/C | Mal. N/C; excluding non-melanomatous skin cancers | |
| Combined MET/SU: Main Study and Observational Follow-up | 215 | 195 | 186 |
| Combined RSG: Main Study and Observational Follow-up | 196 | 179 | 164 |
The observational follow-up was designed to collect data concerning cancer and bone fractures in RECORD participants during a 4-year period after the end of the main RECORD study. At the end of the main study, all study medication was stopped. Participants were not provided with study medication in the observational follow-up; instead, anti-diabetic treatment was prescribed at the investigator's discretion. An SAE is defined as any event that is fatal; life threatening; disabling/incapacitating; results in hospitalization (excluding elective surgery or routine clinical procedures); prolongs a hospital stay; is associated with a congenital abnormality; cancer; is associated with an overdose. In addition, any event that the investigator regards as serious or that would suggest any significant hazard, contraindication, side effect, or precaution that may be associated with the study procedures should be reported as an SAE. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: From the end of the RECORD study through the end of the observational follow-up (up to 4.0 years)
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| All neoplasms/cancer (N/C) (benign/malignant) | Malignant (Mal.) N/C | Mal. N/C; excluding non-melanomatous skin cancers | |
| Combined MET/SU: Observational Follow-up | 51 | 51 | 46 |
| Combined RSG: Observational Follow-up | 60 | 59 | 55 |
The total number of events for individual components of cardiovascular (CV) hospitalisations and cardiovascular deaths were recorded. MI, myocardial infarction. (NCT00379769)
Timeframe: Baseline through End of Study (up to 7.5 years)
| Intervention | Number of events (Number) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CV deaths | Death due to acute MI | Death due to heart failure | Sudden death | Death due to acute vascular events | Other CV mortality | Death of presumed CV cause | Cardiovascular hospitalisation | Hospitalisation for acute MI | Hospitalisation for unstable angina | Hospitalisation for congestive heart failure | Hospitalisation for stroke | Hospitalisation for transient ischaemic attack | Hospitalisation for invasive CV procedure | Hospitalisation for amputation of extremities | Other CV hospitalisations | |
| Combined MET/SU | 71 | 10 | 2 | 12 | 10 | 4 | 33 | 490 | 57 | 28 | 36 | 67 | 10 | 116 | 23 | 153 |
| Combined RSG | 60 | 7 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 6 | 28 | 483 | 66 | 28 | 69 | 51 | 10 | 99 | 6 | 154 |
To compare the change from baseline in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) to week 24 (LOCF) between dapagliflozin and placebo (NCT01392677)
Timeframe: Baseline to week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Plus Metformin Plus Sulfonylurea | -0.78 |
| Dapagliflozin 10mg Plus Metformin Plus Sulfonylurea | -34.23 |
To compare the change from baseline in HbA1c to week 24 between dapagliflozin 10 mg in combination with metformin and sulfonylurea and placebo in combination with metformin and sulfonylurea. (NCT01392677)
Timeframe: Baseline to week 24
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Plus Metformin Plus Sulfonylurea | -0.17 |
| Dapagliflozin 10mg Plus Metformin Plus Sulfonylurea | -0.86 |
To compare the change from baseline in seated systolic blood pressure (SBP) to week 8 (LOCF) between dapagliflozin and placebo (NCT01392677)
Timeframe: Baseline to week 8
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Plus Metformin Plus Sulfonylurea | -0.27 |
| Dapagliflozin 10mg Plus Metformin Plus Sulfonylurea | -4.04 |
To compare the change from baseline in total body weight to week 24 (LOCF) between dapagliflozin and placebo (NCT01392677)
Timeframe: Baseline to week 24
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Plus Metformin Plus Sulfonylurea | -0.58 |
| Dapagliflozin 10mg Plus Metformin Plus Sulfonylurea | -2.65 |
To compare the proportion of subjects achieving a therapeutic glycemic response, defined as HbA1c <7.0%, at week 24 (LOCF) between dapagliflozin and placebo (NCT01392677)
Timeframe: Baseline to week 24
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Plus Metformin Plus Sulfonylurea | 11.1 |
| Dapagliflozin 10mg Plus Metformin Plus Sulfonylurea | 31.8 |
Body fat is reported as a percentage of body weight. (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | percentage of body weight (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | 1.73 |
| Placebo | -0.01 |
Body Mass Index (BMI) is a health index for comparing weight to height. BMI is a person's weight in kilograms (kg) divided by his or her height in meters squared. The body mass index is an indication if a person is at a suitable weight for his height on an approximation of body fat. (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | kg/m^2 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | 0.37 |
| Placebo | -0.21 |
Glucose (sugar) was measured in the blood and reported in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | -19.96 |
| Placebo | 8.39 |
FFM was measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans and is reported in kilograms (kg). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | kilograms (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | -1.13 |
| Placebo | -0.34 |
HbA1c is a measure of average blood sugar levels over the preceding 3 month period. HbA1c was measured by ion-exchange chromatography and reported as a percentage. (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | percentage (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | -0.35 |
| Placebo | 0.19 |
TNF-α is an inflammatory cytokine and is reported in picograms/milliliter (pg/mL). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 month
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | -0.13 |
| Placebo | 0.18 |
Insulin levels in the blood were measured by immunoenzymatic assay and reported in micro International Units per milliliter (mcIU/mL). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | microIU/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | -8.13 |
| Placebo | 1.38 |
Insulin sensitivity was measured the morning after an overnight fast during an in-patient stay in the Clinical Research Unit & was determined by the mean GIR necessary to maintain euglycemia during a hyperinsulinemic (1.5 mcIU/kg of FFM per minute)-euglycemic (85-95 mg/dL) clamp. The clamp is an 8 hour process where a hand vein is catheterized to collect blood samples and intravenous lines are used to infuse glucose, saline, insulin, phenylalanine and amino acid solutions at at pre-specified times/rates. The mean GIR was calculated as the rate per kilograms of fat-free mass (FFM) during 4 hours of steady-state (hours 4-8 of the 8 hour clamp) reported as micromols/kilogram of FFM per minute. The FFM was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. Insulin was infused with 5% essential amino acid solution (3mL/kg of FFM/hour) to prevent the insulin-dependent decrease of amino acids during insulin infusion. (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | micromols/kg of FFM/minute (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | 17.95 |
| Placebo | 1.68 |
Adiponectin is an anti-inflammatory cytokine and is reported in milligrams per milliliter (mg/mL). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | mg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | 9.10 |
| Placebo | 0.46 |
CRP is an inflammatory cytokine and is reported in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | -0.19 |
| Placebo | -0.15 |
IL-6 is an inflammatory cytokine and reported in picograms per deciliter (pg/dL). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | -0.99 |
| Placebo | -1.42 |
Fibrinogen was measured by thrombin clotting rate assay (Beckman Coulter, Inc. Brea, California) and reported in milligrams/deciliter (mg/dL). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | 14.00 |
| Placebo | -18.62 |
PAI-1 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Diagnostica Stago Inc., Parsippany, New Jersey) and reported in nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | -34.17 |
| Placebo | 8.15 |
Change in lipids were measured by the change from baseline to 3 months of triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C). All were reported in milligrams/deciliter (mg/dL). (NCT00443755)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 months
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Triglycerides | HDL-C-Cholesterol | Non-HDL-Cholesterol | |
| Insulin Sensitizer Therapy | -15.58 | 4.33 | -7.50 |
| Placebo | 17.77 | -0.31 | 4.62 |
(NCT01059825)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 83.78 |
| Ertugliflozin 1 mg | 83.44 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 85.74 |
| Ertugliflozin 10 mg | 82.28 |
| Ertugliflozin 25 mg | 81.81 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 85.52 |
Sitting blood pressure was measured in triplicate and the average of the measurements taken at a single assessment time was analyzed. (NCT01059825)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 79.14 |
| Ertugliflozin 1 mg | 78.95 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 78.19 |
| Ertugliflozin 10 mg | 78.45 |
| Ertugliflozin 25 mg | 78.61 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 79.15 |
Laboratory measurements were performed after an overnight fast ≥8 hours in duration. (NCT01059825)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 165.3 |
| Ertugliflozin 1 mg | 162.5 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 156.5 |
| Ertugliflozin 10 mg | 163.3 |
| Ertugliflozin 25 mg | 171.3 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 166.2 |
HbA1c is measured as percent. (NCT01059825)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | Percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 8.08 |
| Ertugliflozin 1 mg | 8.01 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 7.88 |
| Ertugliflozin 10 mg | 8.13 |
| Ertugliflozin 25 mg | 8.30 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 8.24 |
Sitting blood pressure was measured in triplicate and the average of the measurements taken at a single assessment time was analyzed. (NCT01059825)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 126.7 |
| Ertugliflozin 1 mg | 126.5 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 127.9 |
| Ertugliflozin 10 mg | 125.8 |
| Ertugliflozin 25 mg | 124.9 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 126.6 |
Sitting blood pressure was measured in triplicate and the average of the measurements taken at a single assessment time was analyzed. The change from baseline is the Week 12 diastolic blood pressure minus the Week 0 diastolic blood pressure (LOCF). (NCT01059825)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.81 |
| Ertugliflozin 1 mg | -1.12 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -1.01 |
| Ertugliflozin 10 mg | -3.18 |
| Ertugliflozin 25 mg | -1.83 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 1.68 |
Sitting blood pressure was measured in triplicate and the average of the measurements taken at a single assessment time was analyzed. The change from baseline is the Week 2 diastolic blood pressure minus the Week 0 diastolic blood pressure (LOCF). (NCT01059825)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 2
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.57 |
| Ertugliflozin 1 mg | -1.25 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -1.26 |
| Ertugliflozin 10 mg | -1.97 |
| Ertugliflozin 25 mg | -3.01 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 0.92 |
Sitting blood pressure was measured in triplicate and the average of the measurements taken at a single assessment time was analyzed. The change from baseline is the Week 4 diastolic blood pressure minus the Week 0 diastolic blood pressure (LOCF). (NCT01059825)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.80 |
| Ertugliflozin 1 mg | -2.47 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -3.08 |
| Ertugliflozin 10 mg | -2.81 |
| Ertugliflozin 25 mg | -2.10 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -0.51 |
Sitting blood pressure was measured in triplicate and the average of the measurements taken at a single assessment time was analyzed. The change from baseline is the Week 8 diastolic blood pressure minus the Week 0 diastolic blood pressure (LOCF). (NCT01059825)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.80 |
| Ertugliflozin 1 mg | -1.40 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -0.69 |
| Ertugliflozin 10 mg | -2.23 |
| Ertugliflozin 25 mg | -1.20 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 0.32 |
The change from baseline is the Week 12 FPG minus the Week 0 fasting plasma glucose (LOCF). Laboratory measurements were performed after an overnight fast ≥8 hours in duration. (NCT01059825)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 2.76 |
| Ertugliflozin 1 mg | -18.23 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -23.06 |
| Ertugliflozin 10 mg | -31.47 |
| Ertugliflozin 25 mg | -29.26 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -17.29 |
The change from baseline is the Week 2 FPG minus the Week 0 FPG (LOCF). Laboratory measurements were performed after an overnight fast ≥8 hours in duration. (NCT01059825)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 2
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 5.89 |
| Ertugliflozin 1 mg | -15.07 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -15.68 |
| Ertugliflozin 10 mg | -26.65 |
| Ertugliflozin 25 mg | -16.44 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -14.69 |
The change from baseline is the Week 4 FPG minus the Week 0 FPG (LOCF). Laboratory measurements were performed after an overnight fast ≥8 hours in duration. (NCT01059825)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 5.17 |
| Ertugliflozin 1 mg | -16.91 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -22.77 |
| Ertugliflozin 10 mg | -27.95 |
| Ertugliflozin 25 mg | -26.62 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -18.00 |
The change from baseline is the Week 8 FPG minus the Week 0 FPG (LOCF). Laboratory measurements were performed after an overnight fast ≥8 hours in duration. (NCT01059825)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 3.82 |
| Ertugliflozin 1 mg | -18.25 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -24.69 |
| Ertugliflozin 10 mg | -31.59 |
| Ertugliflozin 25 mg | -30.99 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -18.93 |
HbA1c is measured as percent. The change from baseline is the Week 12 HbA1c percent minus the Week 0 HbA1c percent (last observation carried forward [LOCF]). (NCT01059825)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.11 |
| Ertugliflozin 1 mg | -0.56 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -0.80 |
| Ertugliflozin 10 mg | -0.73 |
| Ertugliflozin 25 mg | -0.83 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -0.87 |
HbA1c is measured as percent. The change from baseline is the Week 2 HbA1c percent minus the Week 0 HbA1c percent (LOCF). (NCT01059825)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 2
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.00 |
| Ertugliflozin 1 mg | -0.14 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -0.29 |
| Ertugliflozin 10 mg | -0.22 |
| Ertugliflozin 25 mg | -0.17 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -0.26 |
HbA1c is measured as percent. The change from baseline is the Week 4 HbA1c percent minus the Week 0 HbA1c percent (LOCF). (NCT01059825)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.04 |
| Ertugliflozin 1 mg | -0.40 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -0.49 |
| Ertugliflozin 10 mg | -0.48 |
| Ertugliflozin 25 mg | -0.40 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -0.48 |
HbA1c is measured as percent. The change from baseline is the Week 8 HbA1c percent minus the Week 0 HbA1c percent (LOCF). (NCT01059825)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.10 |
| Ertugliflozin 1 mg | -0.57 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -0.76 |
| Ertugliflozin 10 mg | -0.73 |
| Ertugliflozin 25 mg | -0.75 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -0.77 |
Sitting blood pressure was measured in triplicate and the average of the measurements taken at a single assessment time was analyzed. The change from baseline is the Week 12 systolic blood pressure minus the Week 0 systolic blood pressure (LOCF). (NCT01059825)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.55 |
| Ertugliflozin 1 mg | -2.69 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -4.03 |
| Ertugliflozin 10 mg | -3.43 |
| Ertugliflozin 25 mg | -3.93 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -1.09 |
Sitting blood pressure was measured in triplicate and the average of the measurements taken at a single assessment time was analyzed. The change from baseline is the Week 2 systolic blood pressure minus the Week 0 systolic blood pressure (LOCF). (NCT01059825)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 2
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -1.93 |
| Ertugliflozin 1 mg | -2.30 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -4.73 |
| Ertugliflozin 10 mg | -2.28 |
| Ertugliflozin 25 mg | -5.39 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -0.91 |
Sitting blood pressure was measured in triplicate and the average of the measurements taken at a single assessment time was analyzed. The change from baseline is the Week 4 systolic blood pressure minus the Week 0 systolic blood pressure (LOCF). (NCT01059825)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -2.57 |
| Ertugliflozin 1 mg | -3.94 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -5.15 |
| Ertugliflozin 10 mg | -5.43 |
| Ertugliflozin 25 mg | -3.33 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -3.32 |
Sitting blood pressure was measured in triplicate and the average of the measurements taken at a single assessment time was analyzed. The change from baseline is the Week 8 systolic blood pressure minus the Week 0 systolic blood pressure (LOCF). (NCT01059825)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.44 |
| Ertugliflozin 1 mg | -1.53 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -2.85 |
| Ertugliflozin 10 mg | -3.04 |
| Ertugliflozin 25 mg | -3.30 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -2.43 |
An adverse event is defines as any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical investigation participant administered a product or medical device; the event need not necessarily have a causal relationship with the treatment or usage. Below table includes all data collected since the first dose of sponsor-provided metformin and excludes a temporary discontinuation of study medication. (NCT01059825)
Timeframe: Up to 84 days
| Intervention | Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1 |
| Ertugliflozin 1 mg | 1 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 3 |
| Ertugliflozin 10 mg | 2 |
| Ertugliflozin 25 mg | 1 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 1 |
| Metformin Run-in | 3 |
An adverse event is defines as any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical investigation participant administered a product or medical device; the event need not necessarily have a causal relationship with the treatment or usage. Below table includes all data collected since the first dose of sponsor-provided metformin. (NCT01059825)
Timeframe: Up to 98 days
| Intervention | Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 29 |
| Ertugliflozin 1 mg | 31 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 30 |
| Ertugliflozin 10 mg | 29 |
| Ertugliflozin 25 mg | 28 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 30 |
| Metformin Run-in | 82 |
The percent change from baseline is the ([Week 12 body weight minus the Week 0 body weight] divided by the Week 0 body weight) X 100 (LOCF). (NCT01059825)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.75 |
| Ertugliflozin 1 mg | -1.90 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -2.50 |
| Ertugliflozin 10 mg | -2.90 |
| Ertugliflozin 25 mg | -2.66 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -0.30 |
The percent change from baseline is the ([Week 2 body weight minus the Week 0 body weight] divided by the Week 0 body weight) X 100 (LOCF). (NCT01059825)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 2
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.24 |
| Ertugliflozin 1 mg | -0.65 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -1.36 |
| Ertugliflozin 10 mg | -1.14 |
| Ertugliflozin 25 mg | -1.11 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 0.21 |
The percent change from baseline is the ([Week 4 body weight minus the Week 0 body weight] divided by the Week 0 body weight) X 100 (LOCF). (NCT01059825)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.44 |
| Ertugliflozin 1 mg | -1.20 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -1.76 |
| Ertugliflozin 10 mg | -1.68 |
| Ertugliflozin 25 mg | -1.52 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 0.01 |
The percent change from baseline is the ([Week 8 body weight minus the Week 0 body weight] divided by the Week 0 body weight) X 100 (LOCF). (NCT01059825)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.62 |
| Ertugliflozin 1 mg | -1.65 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | -2.18 |
| Ertugliflozin 10 mg | -2.30 |
| Ertugliflozin 25 mg | -2.40 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -0.38 |
Laboratory measurements were performed after an overnight fast ≥8 hours in duration. (NCT01059825)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 6.7 |
| Ertugliflozin 1 mg | 12.0 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 20.4 |
| Ertugliflozin 10 mg | 13.6 |
| Ertugliflozin 25 mg | 14.9 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 25.5 |
Laboratory measurements were performed after an overnight fast ≥8 hours in duration. (NCT01059825)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 15.6 |
| Ertugliflozin 1 mg | 44.0 |
| Ertugliflozin 5 mg | 42.9 |
| Ertugliflozin 10 mg | 38.6 |
| Ertugliflozin 25 mg | 36.2 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 43.1 |
Least Squares (LS) means are calculated using mixed model repeating measures (MMRM) with the change from baseline in HbA1c at all post baseline measurement as dependent variables, treatment, country, visit and treatment by visit interaction as fixed effects, baseline HbA1c value as a covariate and participant as a random effect. (NCT01175811)
Timeframe: Baseline, 24 weeks
| Intervention | percent HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Premixed Insulin | -1.05 |
| Basal-Bolus | -1.06 |
Least Squares (LS) means are calculated using mixed model repeating measures (MMRM) with the change from baseline in HbA1c at all post baseline measurement as dependent variables, treatment, country, visit and treatment by visit interaction as fixed effects, baseline HbA1c value as a covariate and participant as a random effect. (NCT01175811)
Timeframe: Baseline, 12 weeks
| Intervention | percent HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Premixed Insulin | -0.96 |
| Basal-Bolus | -0.96 |
Severe hypoglycemic episode is defined as any event requiring the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. The percentage of participants experiencing a severe hypoglycemic episode is defined as the 100 multiplied by the number of participants experiencing a severe hypoglycemic episode divided by the number of participants exposed to study drug. (NCT01175811)
Timeframe: baseline through 24 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Premixed Insulin | 0.0 |
| Basal-Bolus | 0.0 |
Incidence of hypoglycemic episodes is defined as 100 multiplied by the number of participants experiencing a hypoglycemic episode divided by the number of participants exposed to study drug. Hypoglycemic episodes are defined as an event which is associated with reported signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia, and/or a documented blood glucose (BG) concentration of <= 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). (NCT01175811)
Timeframe: baseline through 24 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Premixed Insulin | 54.8 |
| Basal-Bolus | 55.0 |
The rate of hypoglycemic episodes is defined as the mean number of hypoglycemic episodes per 30 days per participant. Hypoglycemic episodes are defined as an event which is associated with reported signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia, and/or a documented blood glucose (BG) concentration of <= 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). (NCT01175811)
Timeframe: baseline through 24 weeks
| Intervention | hypoglycemic episode/30 days/participant (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Premixed Insulin | 0.468 |
| Basal-Bolus | 0.409 |
Body mass index is an estimate of body fat based on body weight divided by height squared. Least Squares (LS) means are calculated using mixed model repeating measures (MMRM) using change from baseline in BMI at all post baseline measurement as dependent variables, treatment, country, visit and treatment by visit interaction as fixed effects, baseline BMI value as a covariate and participants as a random effect. (NCT01175811)
Timeframe: Baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks
| Intervention | kilogram per square meter (kg/m^2) (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Change at 12 weeks | Change at 24 weeks | |
| Basal-Bolus | 0.20 | 0.29 |
| Premixed Insulin | 0.26 | 0.31 |
(NCT01175811)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
| Intervention | International Units per kilogram (IU/kg) (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Total Daily Dose | Daily Insulin Dose Basal | Daily Insulin Dose Bolus (prandial) | |
| Basal-Bolus | 0.760 | 0.348 | 0.412 |
| Premixed Insulin | 0.738 | 0.440 | 0.298 |
(NCT01175811)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
| Intervention | International Units (IU) (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Total Daily Dose | Daily Insulin Dose Basal | Daily Insulin Dose Bolus (prandial) | |
| Basal-Bolus | 54.0 | 24.717 | 29.269 |
| Premixed Insulin | 52.9 | 31.539 | 21.385 |
7-point Self-monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Profiles are measures of blood glucose taken 7 times a day at the morning pre-meal, morning 2-hours post-meal, midday pre-meal, midday 2-hours post-meal, evening pre-meal, evening 2-hours post-meal, and 0300 hour [3 am]. Each participant took measures on 3 non-consecutive days and the average was calculated for each of the 7 time points. The mean of the 7-point averages was calculated for all the participants at baseline, Weeks 12 and 24. (NCT01175811)
Timeframe: Baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks
| Intervention | milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) (Mean) | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Morning Pre-meal (Week 0) (n=195, 201) | Morning Pre-meal (Week 12) (n=187, 191) | Morning Pre-meal (Week 24) (n=177, 186) | Morning 2 hours Post-meal (Week 0) (n=194, 201) | Morning 2 hours Post-meal (Week 12) (n=187, 190) | Morning 2 hours Post-meal (Week 24) (n=176, 184) | Midday Pre-meal (Week 0) (n=195, 200) | Midday Pre-meal (Week 12) (n=187, 190) | Midday Pre-meal (Week 24) (n=177, 186) | Midday 2 hours Post-meal (Week 0) (n=194, 201) | Midday 2 hours Post-meal (Week 12) (n=186, 189) | Midday 2 hours Post-meal (Week 24) (n=175, 184) | Evening Pre-meal (Week 0) (n=195, 200) | Evening Pre-meal (Week 12) (n=187, 190) | Evening Pre-meal (Week 24) (n=177, 186) | Evening 2 hours Post-meal (Week 0) (n=194, 201) | Evening 2 hours Post-meal (Week 12) (n=186, 190) | Evening 2 hours Post-meal (Week 24)(n=176, 185) | 0300 Hours (3 am) (Week 0) (n=185, 193) | 0300 Hours (3 am) (Week 12) (n=177, 185) | 0300 Hours (3 am) (Week 24) (n=171, 179) | |
| Basal-Bolus | 157.7 | 136.5 | 132.4 | 213.6 | 176.5 | 165.8 | 164.9 | 149.4 | 142.1 | 227.5 | 177.2 | 171.1 | 190.0 | 157.6 | 151.1 | 209.9 | 176.2 | 165.6 | 180.0 | 163.6 | 155.8 |
| Premixed Insulin | 155.0 | 141.8 | 137.4 | 207.1 | 179.6 | 169.7 | 160.7 | 142.5 | 139.5 | 219.7 | 162.5 | 161.9 | 186.6 | 148.1 | 145.0 | 204.8 | 177.1 | 172.0 | 175.9 | 150.3 | 145.1 |
The Percentage of participants achieving a haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) less than or equal (<=) to 6.5% or 7% is defined as 100 multiplied by the number of participants with a HbA1c of the cut-off value (6% or 7%) divided by the number of participants exposed to study drug. Participants with missing HbA1c values at endpoint were treated as not achieving the HbA1c goal. (NCT01175811)
Timeframe: 12 weeks, 24 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <=6.5 Percent HbA1c at 12 weeks | <=7.0 Percent HbA1c at 12 weeks | <=6.5 Percent HbA1c at 24 weeks | <=7.0 Percent HbA1c at 24 weeks | |
| Basal-Bolus | 8.9 | 27.7 | 11.9 | 34.2 |
| Premixed Insulin | 6.1 | 26.4 | 9.1 | 29.9 |
Measured as the difference between the last on-treatment value (defined as obtained before or on the first day after the last dosing date)and the last pre-randomisation fasting plasma glucose value, as determined by central laboratory. Full analysis set. (NCT01006603)
Timeframe: From week 0 to week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin 5 mg | -0.73 |
| Glimepiride 1 - 6 mg | -1.29 |
Measured as the difference between the last on-treatment value (defined as obtained before or on the 8th day after the last dosing date), and the last pre-randomisation HbA1c value, as determined by central laboratory. Full analysis set. (NCT01006603)
Timeframe: From week 0 to week 52.
| Intervention | % of glycosylated hemoglobin (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin 5 mg | -0.44 |
| Glimepiride 1 - 6 mg | -0.64 |
Measured as the difference between the last on-treatment value (defined as obtained before or on the first day after the last dosing date) and the last pre-randomisation fasting plasma insulin value, as determined by central laboratory. Full analysis set. (NCT01006603)
Timeframe: From week 0 to week 52
| Intervention | µU/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin 5 mg | -2.0 |
| Glimepiride 1 - 6 mg | -0.6 |
β-cell function as estimated by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) model. Value is derived from FPG and fasting insulin; fasting insulin values below 2.074 μU/mL or above 57.595 μU/mL and FPG values below 3 mmol/L or above 25 mmol/L are excluded (as restricted by the calculation method used). Full analysis set. (NCT01006603)
Timeframe: From week 0 to week 52
| Intervention | percentage of change from baseline (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin 5 mg | 3.83 |
| Glimepiride 1 - 6 mg | 16.22 |
Proportion of patients with their last on-treatment value (defined as obtained before or on the 8th day after the last dosing date), as determined by central laboratory, below the specified limits. Full analysis set. (NCT01006603)
Timeframe: From week 0 to week 52
| Intervention | percentage of responders (Number) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin 5 mg | 44.7 |
| Glimepiride 1 - 6 mg | 54.7 |
"Hypoglyceamic event defined as, Confirmed hypoglycaemia: any event defined as either a symptomatic event with blood glucose level <3 mmol/L (<54 mg/dL) and no need for external assistance, or an asymptomatic blood glucose measurement <3 mmol/L (<54 mg/dL).~Major (or severe) hypoglycaemia: symptomatic events requiring external assistance due to severe impairment in consciousness or behaviour, with or without blood glucose level <3 mmol/L (<54 mg/dL), but with prompt recovery after glucose or glucagon administration. These events may be associated with sufficient neuroglycopenia to induce seizure or coma. Plasma glucose measurements may not be available during such an event, but neurological recovery, attributable to the restoration of plasma glucose to normal, was considered sufficient evidence that the event was induced by a low plasma glucose concentration. Safety analysis set." (NCT01006603)
Timeframe: From week 0 to week 52.
| Intervention | percentage of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin 5 mg | 1.1 |
| Glimepiride 1 - 6 mg | 15.3 |
"Defined as obtained on or before the 8th day after the last dosing day, as determined by central laboratory. Safety analysis set.~Confirmed hypoglycaemia defined as: any event defined as either a symptomatic event with blood glucose level <3 mmol/L (<54 mg/dL) and no need for external assistance, or an asymptomatic blood glucose measurement <3 mmol/L (<54 mg/dL).~Major (or severe) hypoglycaemia defined as: symptomatic events requiring external assistance due to severe impairment in consciousness or behaviour, with or without blood glucose level <3 mmol/L (<54 mg/dL), but with prompt recovery after glucose or glucagon administration. These events may be associated with sufficient neuroglycopenia to induce seizure or coma. Plasma glucose measurements may not be available during such an event, but neurological recovery, attributable to the restoration of plasma glucose to normal, was considered sufficient evidence that the event was induced by a low plasma glucose concentration." (NCT01006603)
Timeframe: From week 0 to week 52.
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| All patients | patients aged <75 years (n=217, n=216) | patients aged ≥75 years (n=142, n=143) | |
| Glimepiride 1 - 6 mg | 38.2 | 33.3 | 45.5 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg | 37.9 | 39.2 | 35.9 |
Change from baseline in HbA1c after 52 weeks of treatment (NCT01368081)
Timeframe: Baseline and 52 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sulfonylurea: Empa 10mg | -0.93 |
| Sulfonylurea: Empa 25mg | -0.96 |
| Sulfonylurea: Metformin | -0.97 |
| Biguanide: Empa 10mg | -0.81 |
| Biguanide: Empa 25mg | -0.98 |
| Thiazolidinedione: Empa 10mg | -0.90 |
| Thiazolidinedione: Empa 25mg | -0.96 |
| Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitor: Empa 10mg | -0.87 |
| Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitor: Empa 25mg | -0.77 |
| DPP-IV Inhibitor: Empa 10mg | -1.00 |
| DPP-IV Inhibitor: Empa 25mg | -0.83 |
| Glinide: Empa 10mg | -0.98 |
| Glinide: Empa 25mg | -0.98 |
Number of patients with confirmed hypoglycaemic adverse events (NCT01368081)
Timeframe: After the first drug intake until 7 days after the last treatment administration, up to 383 days
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sulfonylurea: Empa 10mg | 6 |
| Sulfonylurea: Empa 25mg | 9 |
| Sulfonylurea: Metformin | 5 |
| Biguanide: Empa 10mg | 0 |
| Biguanide: Empa 25mg | 1 |
| Thiazolidinedione: Empa 10mg | 2 |
| Thiazolidinedione: Empa 25mg | 1 |
| Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitor: Empa 10mg | 0 |
| Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitor: Empa 25mg | 0 |
| DPP-IV Inhibitor: Empa 10mg | 0 |
| DPP-IV Inhibitor: Empa 25mg | 1 |
| Glinide: Empa 10mg | 0 |
| Glinide: Empa 25mg | 2 |
Number of Patients With Drug Related Adverse Events after the first drug intake until 7 days after the last treatment administration, up to 383 days (NCT01368081)
Timeframe: After the first drug intake until 7 days after the last treatment administration, up to 383 days
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sulfonylurea: Empa 10mg | 19 |
| Sulfonylurea: Empa 25mg | 25 |
| Sulfonylurea: Metformin | 13 |
| Biguanide: Empa 10mg | 13 |
| Biguanide: Empa 25mg | 9 |
| Thiazolidinedione: Empa 10mg | 20 |
| Thiazolidinedione: Empa 25mg | 19 |
| Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitor: Empa 10mg | 7 |
| Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitor: Empa 25mg | 5 |
| DPP-IV Inhibitor: Empa 10mg | 9 |
| DPP-IV Inhibitor: Empa 25mg | 18 |
| Glinide: Empa 10mg | 9 |
| Glinide: Empa 25mg | 9 |
A composite tolerability score based on 4 GI side effect profile categories (stool consistency, urgency to evacuate, bloating sensation, and flatulence), assessed by daily survey, will be calculated using a principal components analysis. A scale range of GI tolerability score is (1.14, 3.3). A higher tolerability score indicates a lower side effect profile (NCT04209075)
Timeframe: 1 week (assessed daily for 7 days)
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Period 1 | Period 2 | |
| Placebo Then Prebiotic | 2.31 | 2.70 |
| Prebiotic Then Placebo | 2.63 | 2.71 |
Means are adjusted by treatment, continuous baseline HbA1c and continuous baseline weight (NCT01438814)
Timeframe: Baseline and 14 weeks
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lina 5mg + Met qd | -0.44 |
| Met Bid | -1.05 |
Means are adjusted by treatment, continuous baseline HbA1c and continuous baseline fasting plasma glucose. (NCT01438814)
Timeframe: Baseline and 14 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lina 5mg + Met qd | -24.5 |
| Met Bid | -26.6 |
Adjusted mean change in HbA1c from baseline at Week 14 was analysed using an ANCOVA model. The Model included treatment and continuous baseline HbA1c. (NCT01438814)
Timeframe: Baseline and 14 weeks
| Intervention | percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lina 5mg + Met qd | -0.99 |
| Met Bid | -0.98 |
The proportion of patients who achieved all the targets in a composite endpoint (HbA1c lowered by at least 0.5% after 14 weeks of treatment; no occurrence of pre-specified moderate or severe GI side effects of metformin, as assessed by the investigators during 14 weeks of treatment). (NCT01438814)
Timeframe: 14 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Lina 5mg + Met qd | 194 |
| Met Bid | 236 |
The proportion of patients who achieved all the targets in a composite endpoint (HbA1c lowered by at least 0.8% after 14 weeks of treatment; no occurrence of pre-specified moderate or severe GI side effects of metformin, as assessed by the investigators during 14 weeks of treatment). (NCT01438814)
Timeframe: 14 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Lina 5mg + Met qd | 149 |
| Met Bid | 175 |
The proportion of patients who achieved all the targets in a composite endpoint (HbA1c below 6.5% after 14 weeks of treatment; no occurrence of pre-specified moderate or severe GI side effects of metformin, as assessed by the investigators during 14 weeks of treatment). (NCT01438814)
Timeframe: 14 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Lina 5mg + Met qd | 83 |
| Met Bid | 95 |
The proportion of patients who achieved all the targets in a composite endpoint (HbA1c below 7.0% after 14 weeks of treatment; no occurrence of pre-specified moderate or severe gastrointestinal (GI) side effects of metformin, as assessed by the investigators during 14 weeks of treatment) (NCT01438814)
Timeframe: 14 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Lina 5mg + Met qd | 119 |
| Met Bid | 148 |
The intensity of the GI side effects was also assessed by the patients using VAS scaled from 0 to 10; higher scores indicate more severe events. Means are adjusted by treatment and continuous baseline HbA1c. (NCT01438814)
Timeframe: 14 weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lina 5mg + Met qd | 4.9 |
| Met Bid | 4.4 |
Proportion of patients who experienced at least one metformin pre-specified moderate or severe GI side effect during 14 weeks (NCT01438814)
Timeframe: 14 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Lina 5mg + Met qd | 25 |
| Met Bid | 28 |
The proportion of patients who achieved a relative efficacy response (HbA1c lowering by at least 0.5% after 14 weeks of treatment). (NCT01438814)
Timeframe: 14 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Lina 5mg + Met qd | 211 |
| Met Bid | 257 |
The proportion of patients who achieved a relative efficacy response (HbA1c lowering by at least 0.8% after 14 weeks of treatment). (NCT01438814)
Timeframe: 14 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Lina 5mg + Met qd | 162 |
| Met Bid | 187 |
Means are adjusted by treatment and continuous baseline HbA1c (NCT01438814)
Timeframe: Baseline, 2 weeks and 8 weeks
| Intervention | percent (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| At week 2 | At week 8 | |
| Lina 5mg + Met qd | -0.28 | -0.84 |
| Met Bid | -0.25 | -0.78 |
Patients could experience multiple events, therefore, multiple answers were possible for each patient. (NCT01438814)
Timeframe: 14 weeks
| Intervention | events (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mild | Moderate | Severe | |
| Lina 5mg + Met qd | 114 | 37 | 6 |
| Met Bid | 153 | 65 | 1 |
Change in Body weight from baseline to Year 3. (NCT00359762)
Timeframe: Baseline, Year 3 in Period II
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exen + Met | -3.92 |
| Glim + Met | 1.47 |
Change in DI30/DG30 ratio from baseline to endpoint. (NCT00359762)
Timeframe: Baseline, end of Period II (up to 4.5 years)
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exen + Met | 12.10 |
| Glim + Met | 0.91 |
Change in disposition index from baseline to endpoint. (NCT00359762)
Timeframe: Baseline, end of Period II (up to 4.5 years)
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exen + Met | 9.15 |
| Glim + Met | 1.82 |
Change in fasting plasma glucose from baseline to endpoint. (NCT00359762)
Timeframe: Baseline, end of Period II (up to 4.5 years)
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exen + Met | -0.87 |
| Glim + Met | -0.41 |
Change in fasting proinsulin (measured in pmol/L)/insulin (measured in pmol/L) ratio from baseline to endpoint. (NCT00359762)
Timeframe: Baseline, end of Period II (up to 4.5 years)
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exen + Met | 0.03 |
| Glim + Met | 0.05 |
Change in HbA1c from baseline to endpoint. Endpoint for HbA1c was defined as the HbA1c measured at the treatment failure for patients reaching primary endpoint and was the last observation in study period II for other patients (either followed until the end of the study period II or discontinuing the study). (NCT00359762)
Timeframe: Baseline, end of Period II (up to 4.5 years)
| Intervention | percentage of total hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exen + Met | -0.36 |
| Glim + Met | -0.21 |
Change in HbA1c from baseline to Year 2. (NCT00359762)
Timeframe: Baseline in Period III, Year 2 in Period III
| Intervention | percentage of total hemoglobin (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Glim + Met + Exen - Not Randomized | -0.47 |
Change in HbA1c from baseline to Year 2. (NCT00359762)
Timeframe: Baseline in Period III, Year 2 in Period III
| Intervention | percentage of total hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exen + Met + Glim - Randomized | -0.19 |
| Exen + Met + Pio or Rosi - Randomized | -0.47 |
Change in HbA1c from baseline to Year 3. (NCT00359762)
Timeframe: Baseline, Year 3 in Period II
| Intervention | percentage of total hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exen + Met | -0.30 |
| Glim + Met | -0.12 |
Change in HOMA-B from baseline to endpoint. (NCT00359762)
Timeframe: Baseline, end of Period II (up to 4.5 years)
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exen + Met | 5.56 |
| Glim + Met | 19.92 |
Change from baseline in postprandial (2 hours) plasma glucose to endpoint. (NCT00359762)
Timeframe: Baseline, end of Period II (up to 4.5 years)
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exen + Met | -2.72 |
| Glim + Met | -0.53 |
Diastolic Blood pressure at Year 3. (NCT00359762)
Timeframe: Year 3 in Period II
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exen + Met | 77.45 |
| Glim + Met | 79.16 |
Disposition Index at Year 3. Disposition index was calculated as (DI30/DG30 ratio)/(HOMA index for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)); where HOMA-IR=(fasting insulin (measured in pmol/L) x fasting glucose (measured in mmol/L))/(22.5 x 7.175). (NCT00359762)
Timeframe: Year 3 in Period II
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exen + Met | 12.56 |
| Glim + Met | 7.89 |
Fasting plasma glucose at Year 3. (NCT00359762)
Timeframe: Year 3 in Period II
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exen + Met | 7.27 |
| Glim + Met | 7.96 |
Fasting proinsulin (measured in pmol/L)/insulin (measured in pmol/L) ratio at Year 3. (NCT00359762)
Timeframe: Year 3 in Period II
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exen + Met | 0.22 |
| Glim + Met | 0.23 |
Heart rate at Year 3. (NCT00359762)
Timeframe: Year 3 in Period II
| Intervention | beats per minute (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exen + Met | 73.51 |
| Glim + Met | 74.23 |
HDL Cholesterol at Year 3. (NCT00359762)
Timeframe: Year 3 in Period II
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exen + Met | 1.31 |
| Glim + Met | 1.25 |
HOMA-B at Year 3. HOMA-B is an index of beta-cell function and was calculated as: HOMA-B = (20 x fasting insulin (measured in pmol/L))/((fasting glucose (measured in mmol/L) - 3.5) x 7.175). (NCT00359762)
Timeframe: Year 3 in Period II
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exen + Met | 66.86 |
| Glim + Met | 68.52 |
All hypoglycemia episodes were taken into account. Severe hypoglycemia: event requiring assistance of another person to administer carbohydrate, glucagons, or other resuscitative actions; Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia: event with typical symptoms accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration <=70 mg/dL; Asymptomatic hypoglycemia: event not accompanied by typical symptoms but with a measured plasma glucose concentration <=70 mg/dL; Probable symptomatic hypoglycemia: event with symptoms not accompanied by a plasma glucose determination. (NCT00359762)
Timeframe: Baseline to end of Period II (up to 4.5 years)
| Intervention | events per subject-year (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exen + Met | 1.52 |
| Glim + Met | 5.32 |
All hypoglycemia episodes were taken into account. Severe hypoglycemia: event requiring assistance of another person to administer carbohydrate, glucagons, or other resuscitative actions; Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia: event with typical symptoms accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration <=70 mg/dL; Asymptomatic hypoglycemia: event not accompanied by typical symptoms but with a measured plasma glucose concentration <=70 mg/dL; Probable symptomatic hypoglycemia: event with symptoms not accompanied by a plasma glucose determination. (NCT00359762)
Timeframe: Start of Period III to end of study
| Intervention | events per subject-year (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exen + Metformin + Glim - Randomized | 2.78 |
| Exen + Met + Pio or Rosi - Randomized | 0.60 |
| Glim + Met + Exen - Not Randomized | 4.62 |
Postprandial (2 hours) plasma glucose at Year 3. (NCT00359762)
Timeframe: Year 3 in Period II
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exen + Met | 12.65 |
| Glim + Met | 15.45 |
DI30/DG30 at Year 3. DI30/DG30 ratio was calculated as (30 minute post prandial insulin - fasting insulin) (measured in pmol/L)/(30 minute post prandial glucose - fasting glucose) (measured in mmol/L). (NCT00359762)
Timeframe: Year 3 in Period II
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exen + Met | 25.81 |
| Glim + Met | 26.38 |
Systolic Blood pressure at Year 3. (NCT00359762)
Timeframe: Year 3 in Period II
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exen + Met | 130.58 |
| Glim + Met | 135.78 |
Treatment failure is defined as one of the following:1. HbA1c exceeding 9% at any visit after the initial 3 months of treatment (i.e., earliest at Month 6), on the maximally tolerated dose of antidiabetic agents. 2. HbA1c exceeding 7% at 2 consecutive visits 3 months apart, after the initial 6 months of treatment (i.e., earliest at Month 9), on the maximally tolerated dose of antidiabetic agents. (NCT00359762)
Timeframe: Baseline to end of Period II (up to 4.5 years)
| Intervention | week (Median) |
|---|---|
| Exen + Met | 180.0 |
| Glim + Met | 142.1 |
Total Cholesterol at Year 3. (NCT00359762)
Timeframe: Year 3 in Period II
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exen + Met | 4.77 |
| Glim + Met | 4.75 |
Triglycerides at Year 3. (NCT00359762)
Timeframe: Year 3 in Period II
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exen + Met | 1.69 |
| Glim + Met | 1.95 |
Treatment failure is defined as one of the following:1. HbA1c exceeding 9% at any visit after the initial 3 months of treatment (i.e., earliest at Month 6), on the maximally tolerated dose of antidiabetic agents. 2. HbA1c exceeding 7% at 2 consecutive visits 3 months apart, after the initial 6 months of treatment (i.e., earliest at Month 9), on the maximally tolerated dose of antidiabetic agents. (NCT00359762)
Timeframe: Baseline to end of Period II (up to 4.5 years)
| Intervention | number of patients (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Number of patients with treatment failure | Number of patients censored | |
| Exen + Met | 203 | 287 |
| Glim + Met | 262 | 225 |
A hypoglycemic event was identified by characteristic symptoms or blood glucose levels. Median of 1 and 2 events per participant was reported. (NCT01517373)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) up to Week 14
| Intervention | events per participant (Median) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0 |
| PF-04937319 10 mg | 0 |
| PF-04937319 50 mg | 0 |
| PF-04937319 100 mg | 0 |
| Glimepiride | 0 |
Hemoglobin,hematocrit,red blood cells(RBC) count:less than [<]0.8*lower limit of normal [LLN],platelets:<0.5*LLN/greater than [>]1.75*upper limit of normal [ULN],white blood cells(WBC):<0.6*LLN or >1.5*ULN,lymphocytes,total neutrophils:<0.8*LLN or >1.2*ULN, basophils,eosinophil,monocytes:>1.2*ULN;aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase:>0.3*ULN,total protein,albumin:<0.8*LLN or >1.2*ULN;total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,indirect bilirubin:>1.5*ULN;triglycerides,cholesterol:>1.3*ULN, HDL:<0.8*LLN, LDL:>1.2*ULN,blood urea nitrogen,creatinine:>1.3*ULN,uric acid:>1.2*ULN;sodium: <0.95*LLN or >1.05*ULN,potassium,chloride,calcium,bicarbonate:<0.9*LLN or >1.1*ULN;creatine kinase:>2.0*ULN;glucose:<0.6*LLN or >1.5*ULN,urine WBC and RBC:>= 20/High Power Field [HPF]),urine epithelial cells (>=1 HPF),urine bacteria >20 high-powered field;qualitative urine glucose,urine blood to Hgb ratio (>=1);urine(protein,nitrite,mucus,leukocyte >=1 in urine dipstick test). (NCT01517373)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) up to Week 14
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 56 |
| PF-04937319 10 mg | 52 |
| PF-04937319 50 mg | 56 |
| PF-04937319 100 mg | 54 |
| Glimepiride | 51 |
A hypoglycemic event was identified by characteristic symptoms or blood glucose levels. HAE was defined as 1 of the given definitions: Characteristic symptoms of HAE with no home glucose monitoring performed where clinical picture included prompt resolution with food intake, subcutaneous glucagon, or intravenous glucose; or characteristic symptoms of HAE with home glucose monitoring measurement =< 70 milligram per deciliter (mg/dL) using ACCU-CHEK plasma-referenced home glucometers or =<74 mg/dL using International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) referenced ACCU-CHEK or central laboratory glucometers; or any laboratory glucose value, meeting the following criterion with or without accompanying symptoms: =<49 mg/dL using ACCU-CHEK plasma-referenced home glucometers or =<53 mg/dL using IFCC referenced ACCU-CHEK or central laboratory glucometers. (NCT01517373)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) up to Week 14
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 4.9 |
| PF-04937319 10 mg | 3.3 |
| PF-04937319 50 mg | 4.9 |
| PF-04937319 100 mg | 6.6 |
| Glimepiride | 34.4 |
(NCT01517373)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1), Week 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 14 (follow-up)
| Intervention | kilogram (kg) (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (n=59, 57, 58, 61, 60) | Change at Week 2 (n=59, 57, 58, 61, 58) | Change at Week 4 (n=58, 56, 55, 59, 60) | Change at Week 6 (n=57, 54, 55, 59, 56) | Change at Week 8 (n=58, 54, 53, 58, 56) | Change at Week 12 (n=56, 52, 53, 55, 54) | Change at Week 14 (n=55, 51, 53, 55, 53) | |
| Glimepiride | 90.388 | -0.024 | 0.310 | 0.473 | 0.493 | 1.211 | 1.234 |
| PF-04937319 10 mg | 89.518 | -0.069 | -0.378 | -0.604 | -0.522 | -0.685 | -0.472 |
| PF-04937319 100 mg | 87.530 | -0.021 | -0.284 | -0.290 | -0.397 | -0.545 | -0.573 |
| PF-04937319 50 mg | 89.860 | -0.028 | -0.074 | -0.228 | -0.311 | -0.961 | -0.978 |
| Placebo | 89.859 | -0.402 | -0.620 | -0.564 | -1.082 | -1.529 | -1.478 |
(NCT01517373)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1), Week 2, 4, 6, 8, 12
| Intervention | milligram per deciliter (mg/dL) (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (n=60, 59, 60, 61, 61) | Change at Week 2 (n=60, 59, 60, 61, 59) | Change at Week 4 (n=59, 58, 56, 59, 60) | Change at Week 6 (n=58, 56, 56, 59, 57) | Change at Week 8 (n=59, 56, 54, 58, 57) | Change at Week 12 (n=57, 54, 54, 55, 55) | |
| Glimepiride | 163.7 | -19.9 | -26.2 | -23.4 | -26.9 | -22.5 |
| PF-04937319 10 mg | 168.7 | -2.0 | -8.4 | -6.9 | -7.0 | -6.2 |
| PF-04937319 100 mg | 160.4 | -10.5 | -11.4 | -10.4 | -13.0 | -10.3 |
| PF-04937319 50 mg | 174.7 | -7.9 | -7.7 | -7.2 | -13.0 | -9.9 |
| Placebo | 161.3 | 3.1 | -0.5 | -2.6 | 0.9 | 3.4 |
HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin which is measured primarily to identify the average glycemic control over prolonged periods of time. The normal range for the HbA1c test, was identified as less than 6.5 percent by the study-specific central laboratory used. Change from baseline in percentage of HbA1C was reported. (NCT01517373)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1), Week 12
| Intervention | percentage of hemoglobin (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline (n=59, 57, 55, 60, 60) | Change at Week 12 (n=56, 53, 53, 54, 54) | |
| Glimepiride | 8.12 | -1.01 |
| PF-04937319 10 mg | 7.97 | -0.18 |
| PF-04937319 100 mg | 7.88 | -0.64 |
| PF-04937319 50 mg | 7.91 | -0.45 |
| Placebo | 7.90 | -0.13 |
HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin which is measured primarily to identify the average glycemic control over prolonged periods of time. The normal range for the HbA1c test, was identified as less than 6.5 percent by the study-specific central laboratory used. Change from baseline in percentage of HbA1C was reported. (NCT01517373)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1), Week 2, 4, 6, 8
| Intervention | percentage of hemoglobin (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=58, 57, 55, 58, 60) | Week 6 (n=57, 55, 55, 58, 55) | Week 8 (n=58, 55, 53, 57, 55) | |
| Glimepiride | -0.54 | -0.78 | -0.89 |
| PF-04937319 10 mg | -0.07 | -0.14 | -0.17 |
| PF-04937319 100 mg | -0.32 | -0.51 | -0.59 |
| PF-04937319 50 mg | -0.22 | -0.22 | -0.38 |
| Placebo | -0.08 | -0.14 | -0.19 |
Participants who met the criteria for increase from baseline in ECG data were reported. Criteria for increase from baseline data: PR interval (percent change of greater than or equal to [>=] 25/50% [if baseline value was >200 then percent change of >25% counts; if baseline value was <=200 then percent change of >50% counts]); QRS complex (percent change of >=50%); QT Fridericia's correction (QTcF) interval (change of >= 30 to <60 millisecond [msec], and change of >=60 msec). (NCT01517373)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) up to Week 14
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PR interval: Percent change of >=25/50% | QRS interval: Percent change of >=50% | QTcF interval: Change of >=30 to <60 msec | QTcF interval: Change of >=60 msec | |
| Glimepiride | 0 | 1 | 4 | 1 |
| PF-04937319 10 mg | 0 | 1 | 5 | 2 |
| PF-04937319 100 mg | 0 | 2 | 6 | 2 |
| PF-04937319 50 mg | 1 | 1 | 8 | 2 |
| Placebo | 0 | 0 | 6 | 2 |
Participants who met the criteria for increase or decrease in vital signs data were reported. Criteria for increase or decrease from baseline vital signs data: sitting systolic blood pressure (BP) of >=30 millimeter of mercury (mmHg); sitting diastolic BP of >=20 mmHg and pulse rate was based on investigator's discretion. (NCT01517373)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) up to Week 14
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Increase in systolic BP (>=30 mmHg) | Increase in diastolic BP (>=20 mmHg) | Decrease in systolic BP (>=30 mmHg) | Decrease in diastolic BP (>=20 mmHg) | |
| Glimepiride | 5 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
| PF-04937319 10 mg | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| PF-04937319 100 mg | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| PF-04937319 50 mg | 3 | 0 | 3 | 2 |
| Placebo | 2 | 1 | 5 | 4 |
An AE was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received study drug without regard to possibility of causal relationship. An SAE was an AE resulting in any of the following outcomes or deemed significant for any other reason: death; initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; life-threatening experience (immediate risk of dying); persistent or significant disability/incapacity; congenital anomaly. Treatment-emergent are events between first dose of study drug and up to 14 days after last dose that were absent before treatment or that worsened relative to pretreatment state. AEs included both serious and non-serious adverse events. (NCT01517373)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) up to 14 days after last dose of study treatment (up to 101 days)
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| AEs | SAEs | |
| Glimepiride | 36 | 1 |
| PF-04937319 10 mg | 28 | 1 |
| PF-04937319 100 mg | 29 | 1 |
| PF-04937319 50 mg | 31 | 2 |
| Placebo | 26 | 0 |
HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin which is measured primarily to identify the average glycemic control over prolonged periods of time. The normal range for the HbA1c test, was identified as less than 6.5 percent by the study-specific central laboratory used and data are presented in categories of less than 6.5 percent and less than 7 percent. (NCT01517373)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Less Than 6.5 Percent | Less Than 7 Percent | |
| Glimepiride | 18.2 | 45.5 |
| PF-04937319 10 mg | 13 | 31.5 |
| PF-04937319 100 mg | 27.3 | 52.7 |
| PF-04937319 50 mg | 18.5 | 27.8 |
| Placebo | 7.0 | 26.3 |
A hypoglycemic event (HAE) was identified by characteristic symptoms or blood glucose levels. Median number of events per participant was reported (NCT01475461)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) up to Week 14
| Intervention | events per participant (Median) |
|---|---|
| Metformin 500 mg | 0 |
| Placebo | 0 |
| PF-04937319 3 mg | 0 |
| PF-04937319 20 mg | 0 |
| PF-04937319 50 mg | 0 |
| PF-04937319 100 mg | 0 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 0 |
Hemoglobin,hematocrit,red blood cells(RBC) count:less than [<]0.8*lower limit of normal[LLN],platelets:<0.5*LLN/greater than [>]1.75*upper limit of normal [ULN],white blood cells(WBC):<0.6*LLN or >1.5*ULN,lymphocytes,total neutrophils:<0.8*LLN or >1.2*ULN, basophils,eosinophil,monocytes:>1.2*ULN;aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase:>0.3*ULN,total protein,albumin:<0.8*LLN or >1.2*ULN;total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,indirect bilirubin:>1.5*ULN;triglycerides,cholesterol:>1.3*ULN, HDL:<0.8*LLN, LDL:>1.2*ULN,blood urea nitrogen,creatinine:>1.3*ULN,uric acid:>1.2*ULN;sodium: <0.95*LLN or >1.05*ULN,potassium,chloride,calcium,bicarbonate:<0.9*LLN or >1.1*ULN;creatine kinase:>2.0*ULN;glucose:<0.6*LLN or >1.5*ULN,urine WBC and RBC:>= 20/High Power Field [HPF]),urine epithelial cells (>=1 HPF),urine bacteria >20 high-powered field;qualitative urine glucose,urine blood to Hgb ratio (>=1);urine(protein,nitrite,mucus,leukocyte >=1 in urine dipstick test). (NCT01475461)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) up to Week 14
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 46 |
| PF-04937319 3 mg | 49 |
| PF-04937319 20 mg | 45 |
| PF-04937319 50 mg | 46 |
| PF-04937319 100 mg | 53 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 43 |
A hypoglycemic event (HAE) was identified by characteristic symptoms or blood glucose levels. HAE is defined as 1 of the given definitions: Characteristic symptoms of HAE with no home glucose monitoring performed where clinical picture included prompt resolution with food intake, subcutaneous glucagon, or intravenous glucose; or characteristic symptoms of HAE with home glucose monitoring measurement =< 70 milligram per deciliter (mg/dL) using ACCU-CHEK plasma-referenced home glucometers or =<74 mg/dL using International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) referenced ACCU-CHEK or central laboratory glucometers; or any laboratory glucose value, meeting the following criterion with or without accompanying symptoms: =<49 mg/dL using ACCU-CHEK plasma-referenced home glucometers or =<53 mg/dL using IFCC referenced ACCU-CHEK or central laboratory glucometers. (NCT01475461)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) up to Week 14
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Metformin 500 mg | 0 |
| Placebo | 0 |
| PF-04937319 3 mg | 0 |
| PF-04937319 20 mg | 1 |
| PF-04937319 50 mg | 0 |
| PF-04937319 100 mg | 2 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 1 |
(NCT01475461)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1), Week 2, 4, 8 , 12 , 14
| Intervention | kilogram (kg) (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (n=55, 55, 50, 56, 54, 55) | Change at Week 2 (n=54, 55, 49, 56, 53, 55) | Change at Week 4 (n=51, 55, 49, 55, 53, 53) | Change at Week 8 (n=49, 53, 45, 52, 50, 52) | Change at Week 12 (n=47, 52, 45, 52, 50, 53) | Change at Week 14 (n=44, 52, 44, 52, 50, 53) | |
| PF-04937319 100 mg | 91.239 | -0.053 | -0.374 | -0.475 | -0.623 | -0.916 |
| PF-04937319 20 mg | 88.371 | -0.052 | -0.192 | -0.510 | -0.455 | -0.613 |
| PF-04937319 3 mg | 87.865 | 0.435 | 0.214 | -0.003 | -0.142 | 0.011 |
| PF-04937319 50 mg | 88.066 | -0.283 | -0.203 | -0.270 | -0.352 | -0.492 |
| Placebo | 86.446 | -0.239 | -0.704 | -0.823 | -0.804 | -0.588 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 87.025 | -0.384 | -0.353 | -0.702 | -0.917 | -1.172 |
(NCT01475461)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1), Week 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 14
| Intervention | milligram per deciliter (mg/dL) (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (n=56, 56, 52, 56, 55, 55) | Change at Week 2 (n=54, 56, 50, 56, 54, 55) | Change at Week 4 (n=52, 56, 51, 55, 54, 53) | Change at Week 8 (n=50, 54, 47, 52, 51, 52) | Change at Week 12 (n=48, 53, 47, 52, 51, 53) | Change at Week 14 (n=45, 53, 46, 52, 51, 53) | |
| PF-04937319 100 mg | 164.8 | -10.8 | -9.6 | -6.5 | 3.5 | 10.2 |
| PF-04937319 20 mg | 155.1 | -3.2 | -0.2 | -2.5 | -3.8 | -3.1 |
| PF-04937319 3 mg | 159.8 | 0.7 | -0.3 | 0.7 | -2.5 | -3.5 |
| PF-04937319 50 mg | 166.1 | -6.8 | -8.3 | -15.2 | -10.8 | -1.0 |
| Placebo | 168.3 | -5.2 | -1.8 | -3.1 | -7.5 | -5.9 |
| Sitagliptin | 160.7 | -13.6 | -19.3 | -15.4 | -12.9 | -2.6 |
HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin which is measured primarily to identify the average glycemic control over prolonged periods of time. The normal range for the HbA1c test, was identified as less than (<) 6.5 percent (%) by the study-specific central laboratory used. Change from baseline in percentage of HbA1c in participants were reported. (NCT01475461)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1), Week 12
| Intervention | percentage of hemoglobin (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline (n=50,55,48,55,53,53) | Change at Week 12 (n=46,52,45,52,50,53) | |
| PF-04937319 100 mg | 8.31 | -0.80 |
| PF-04937319 20 mg | 7.80 | -0.53 |
| PF-04937319 3 mg | 8.00 | -0.33 |
| PF-04937319 50 mg | 8.15 | -0.59 |
| Placebo | 8.01 | -0.42 |
| Sitagliptin | 7.89 | -0.79 |
HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin which is measured primarily to identify the average glycemic control over prolonged periods of time. The normal range for the HbA1c test, was identified as <6.5 percent by the study-specific central laboratory used. Change from baseline in percentage of HbA1c in participants were reported. (NCT01475461)
Timeframe: Baseline(Day 1), Week 2, 4, 8
| Intervention | percentage of hemoglobin (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Change at Week 4 (n= 50, 55, 48, 55, 53, 53) | Change at Week 8 (n=48, 53, 45, 52, 50, 51) | |
| PF-04937319 100 mg | -0.50 | -0.86 |
| PF-04937319 20 mg | -0.32 | -0.46 |
| PF-04937319 3 mg | -0.24 | -0.32 |
| PF-04937319 50 mg | -0.35 | -0.50 |
| Placebo | -0.20 | -0.36 |
| Sitagliptin | -0.52 | -0.77 |
Criteria for increase from baseline data: PR interval (percent change of greater than or equal to [>=] 25/50% [if baseline>200 then percent change of >25% counts; if baseline <=200 then percent change of >50% counts]; QRS complex (percent change of >=50%); QT Fridericia's correction (QTcF) interval (change of >=30 to <60 millisecond [msec], and change of >=60 msec). (NCT01475461)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) up to Week 14
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PR interval: Percent change of >=25/50% | QRS interval: Percent change of >=50% | QTcF interval: Change of >=30 to <60 msec | QTcF interval: Change of >=60 msec | |
| PF-04937319 100 mg | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 |
| PF-04937319 20 mg | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 |
| PF-04937319 3 mg | 1 | 1 | 5 | 0 |
| PF-04937319 50 mg | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Placebo | 0 | 0 | 7 | 1 |
| Sitagliptin | 2 | 1 | 7 | 0 |
Participants who met the criteria for increase or decrease in vital signs data were reported. Criteria for increase or decrease from baseline vital signs data: sitting systolic blood pressure (BP) of >=30 millimeter of mercury (mmHg); sitting diastolic BP of >=20 mmHg and pulse rate was based on investigator's discretion. (NCT01475461)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) up to Week 14
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Increase in systolic BP (>=30 mmHg) | Increase in diastolic BP (>=20 mmHg) | Decrease in systolic BP (>=30 mmHg) | Decrease in diastolic BP (>=20 mmHg) | |
| PF-04937319 100 mg | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3 |
| PF-04937319 20 mg | 2 | 0 | 1 | 6 |
| PF-04937319 3 mg | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
| PF-04937319 50 mg | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Placebo | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Sitagliptin | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
An AE was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received study drug without regard to possibility of causal relationship. An SAE was an AE resulting in any of the following outcomes or deemed significant for any other reason: death; initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; life-threatening experience (immediate risk of dying); persistent or significant disability/incapacity; congenital anomaly. Treatment-emergent are events between first dose of study drug and up to 14 days after last dose that were absent before treatment or that worsened relative to pretreatment state. AEs included both serious and non-serious adverse events. (NCT01475461)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1) up to 14 days after last dose (up to 101 days)
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| AEs | SAEs | |
| Metformin 500 mg | 37 | 0 |
| PF-04937319 100 mg | 24 | 1 |
| PF-04937319 20 mg | 19 | 1 |
| PF-04937319 3 mg | 19 | 0 |
| PF-04937319 50 mg | 16 | 0 |
| Placebo | 19 | 1 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 18 | 0 |
HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin which is measured primarily to identify the average glycemic control over prolonged periods of time. The normal range for the HbA1c test, was identified as <6.5 percent by the study-specific central laboratory used and data are presented in categories of <6.5 percent and <7 percent. (NCT01475461)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| <6.5 percent | <7 percent | |
| PF-04937319 100 mg | 17.6 | 39.2 |
| PF-04937319 20 mg | 19.1 | 42.6 |
| PF-04937319 3 mg | 9.4 | 26.4 |
| PF-04937319 50 mg | 15.4 | 30.8 |
| Placebo | 12.5 | 22.9 |
| Sitagliptin | 32.1 | 56.6 |
Gastric emptying was measured using 13C-octanoic acid breath test by isotope-selective non-dispersive infrared spectrometry. Gastric emptying coefficient was derived from a mathematical formula that describes the gastric emptying rate and gives an overall index of gastric emptying. (NCT01596504)
Timeframe: 0 (7:30 clock time, prior to standardized breakfast), 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2, 2.25, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5 hours on Day -4 (baseline) and on Day 55
| Intervention | coefficient (unit-less) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide 20 µg | -0.33 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | -0.34 |
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | -0.28 |
Gastric emptying was measured using 13C-octanoic acid breath test by isotope-selective non-dispersive infrared spectrometry. (NCT01596504)
Timeframe: 0 (prior to standardized breakfast), 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2, 2.25, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5 hours on Day -4 (baseline) and on Day 55
| Intervention | minutes (min) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide 20 µg | 453.56 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 175.31 |
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 130.49 |
Seven-point SMPG (before breakfast, 2 hours post breakfast, before lunch, 2 hours post lunch, before dinner, 2 hours post dinner, and at bedtime) was measured using Freestyle Precision glucometer and average of the 7 measurements was calculated. (NCT01596504)
Timeframe: Before breakfast, 2 hours post breakfast, before lunch, 2 hours post lunch, before dinner, 2 hours post dinner, and at bedtime on Day -3 (Baseline) and on Day 56
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide 20 µg | -0.69 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | -0.76 |
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | -1.2 |
(NCT01596504)
Timeframe: Day -7 (Baseline), Day 56
| Intervention | units (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide 20 µg | -4.7 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | -4.6 |
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | -4.0 |
C-peptide was assessed using the Electro Chemiluminescence Immuno Assay.The range of the method was 0.2 to 25 nanogram per millilitre (ng/mL) and the LOD was 0.07 ng/mL. Measurement was done on Day -3 (Baseline) and Day 56 as the maximum change in C-peptide from time of breakfast start (time: 0.5 hours) until 5 hours later (time: 5.5 hours) subtracted from pre-meal plasma concentration. (NCT01596504)
Timeframe: 0.5 (prior to standardized breakfast), 0.67, 0.84, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 hours on Day-3 (baseline); 0.5 (prior to standardized breakfast), 0.67, 0.84, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 hours post study drug administration on Day 56
| Intervention | h*nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide 20 µg | -1.16 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 1.23 |
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 0.88 |
Glucagon was assessed using the radioimmunoassay. The range of the method was 4.7 to 150 picomole per litre (pmol/L). Measurement was done on Day -3 (Baseline) and Day 56 as the maximum change in glucagon from time of breakfast start (time: 0.5 hours) until 5 hours later (time: 5.5 hours) subtracted from pre-meal plasma concentration. (NCT01596504)
Timeframe: 0.5 (prior to standardized breakfast), 0.67, 0.84, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 hours on Day -3 (baseline); 0.5 (prior to standardized breakfast), 0.67, 0.84, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 hours post study drug administration on Day 56
| Intervention | h*ng/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide 20 µg | -16.56 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 11.58 |
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 5.6 |
Plasma glucose was assessed using the Gluco-quant Glucose/hexokinase assay. The range of the method was 3 to 1000 mg/dL with 1 mg/dL as LOD. The value of FPG on Day -3 was the baseline. (NCT01596504)
Timeframe: 0.5 hour (prior to standardized breakfast) on Day -3; 0.5 hour (prior to standardized breakfast) on Day 56
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide 20 µg | 0.1 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 0.12 |
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 0.13 |
HbA1C was assessed using the high performance liquid chromatography method. (NCT01596504)
Timeframe: Pre-dose (Hour 0) on Day 1 (Baseline) and Day 56
| Intervention | percentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide 20 µg | -0.58 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | -0.66 |
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | -0.74 |
Plasma glucose was assessed using the Gluco-quant Glucose/hexokinase assay. The range of the method was 3 to 1000 milligram per decilitre (mg/dL) with 1 mg/dL as limit of detection (LOD). Calculation of the AUC was made on Day -3 (baseline) and on Day 56 using the linear trapezoidal rule from time of breakfast start (30 minutes after study drug administration [time: 0.5 hours]) to 4 hours after breakfast start (time: 4.5 hours) and corrected by subtracting pre-breakfast plasma glucose concentration (time: 0.5 hours). (NCT01596504)
Timeframe: 0.5 (prior to standardized breakfast), 0.67, 0.84, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 hours on Day -3 (baseline); 0.5 (prior to standardized breakfast), 0.67, 0.84, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 hours post study drug administration on Day 56
| Intervention | h*mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide 20 μg | -13.33 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | -7.32 |
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | -8.72 |
Plasma glucose was assessed using the Gluco-quant Glucose/hexokinase assay. The range of the method was 3 to 1000 mg/dL with 1 mg/dL as limit of detection (LOD). Calculation of the AUC was made on Day -3 (baseline) and on Day 56 using the linear trapezoidal rule from time of breakfast start (30 minutes after study drug administration [time: 0.5 hours]) to 5 hours after breakfast start (time: 5.5 hours) and corrected by subtracting pre-breakfast plasma glucose concentration (time: 0.5 hours). (NCT01596504)
Timeframe: 0.5 (prior to standardized breakfast), 0.67, 0.84, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 hours on Day -3 (baseline); 0.5 (prior to standardized breakfast), 0.67, 0.84, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 hours post study drug administration on Day 56
| Intervention | h*mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide 20 µg | -13.82 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | -9.09 |
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | -10.33 |
Plasma glucose was assessed using the Gluco-quant Glucose/hexokinase assay. The range of the method was 3 to 1000 mg/dL with 1 mg/dL as LOD. PPG excursion was determined on Day -3 (Baseline) and Day 56 as the maximum change in PPG from time of breakfast start (time: 0.5 hours) until 5 hours later (time: 5.5 hours) subtracted from pre-meal plasma concentration. (NCT01596504)
Timeframe: 0.67, 0.84, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 hours on Day -3 (baseline); 0.67, 0.84, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 hours post study drug administration on Day 56
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide 20 µg | -3.26 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | -1.79 |
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | -2.5 |
(NCT01596504)
Timeframe: 0.5 hours prior to standardized breakfast on Day -1 (Baseline); 0.5 hours prior to study drug administration on Day 57
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide 20 µg | -1.61 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | -1.78 |
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | -2.42 |
(NCT01596504)
Timeframe: 0.5 hours prior to standardized breakfast on Day -1 (Baseline); 0.5 hours prior to IMP administration on Day 57
| Intervention | cm (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide 20 µg | -1.40 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | -1.93 |
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | -2.12 |
The baseline value was the 24-hour mean on Day -2/-1 determined as overall, night and daytime mean. Measurements were made every 15 minutes from 07:00 to 23:00 (daytime) and every 30 minutes from 23:00 to 07:00 (night-time) at baseline and Day 57/58. Measurements were obtained after 10 minutes in the supine resting position. (NCT01596504)
Timeframe: Every 15 minutes from 07:00 clock time to 23:00 clock time (day-time) and every 30 minutes from 23:00 clock time to 07:00 clock time (night-time) on Day -2/-1 (Baseline) and Day 57/58
| Intervention | beats per minute (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide 20 µg | 3.34 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 9.33 |
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 9.17 |
Plasma glucose was assessed using the Gluco-quant Glucose/hexokinase assay. The range of the method was 3 to 1000 mg/dL with 1 mg/dL as LOD. The 2-hour PPG test measured blood glucose 2 hours after start of a standardised breakfast. (NCT01596504)
Timeframe: Day 56
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide 20 µg | 35 |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | 13 |
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | 11 |
Visual Analogue Scale, 100 mm in length with words anchored at each end, expressing the most positive (100 mm) and the most negative rating (0 mm), was used to assess hunger, satiety, fullness and prospective food consumption. Responses were measured as distance from the left end of the line to the mark. Mean change from baseline was calculated for each parameter separately. (NCT01596504)
Timeframe: 0.5 (8:00 clock time, prior to standardized breakfast), 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 hours on Day -3; 0 (prior to standardized breakfast), 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 hours post study drug administration on Day 56
| Intervention | mm (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| How hungry do you feel? | How satisfied do you feel? | How full do you feel? | How much do you think you can eat? | |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | -3.1 | 8.9 | 9.3 | -4.5 |
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | -1.0 | 3.6 | 6.4 | -7.2 |
| Lixisenatide 20 µg | -3.7 | 4.5 | 4.9 | -6.4 |
The baseline value was the 24-hour means on Day -2/-1 determined as overall, night and day-time mean. Measurements were made every 15 minutes from 07:00 to 23:00 (day-time) and every 30 minutes from 23:00 to 07:00 (night-time) at baseline and at Day 57/58. Measurements were obtained after 10 minutes in the supine resting position. (NCT01596504)
Timeframe: Every 15 minutes from 07:00 clock time to 23:00 clock time (day-time) and every 30 minutes from 23:00 clock time to 07:00 clock time (night-time) on Day -2/ -1 (Baseline) and Day 57/58
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| 24-Hour Mean Systolic Blood Pressure | 24-Hour Mean Diastolic Blood Pressure | |
| Liraglutide 1.2 mg | -0.5 | 2.4 |
| Liraglutide 1.8 mg | -2.5 | 1.6 |
| Lixisenatide 20 µg | 0.4 | 0.8 |
The treatment maintenance duration corresponds to the treatment maintenance and persistence duration for dual therapy combining the same agents. Withdrawal of an agent, replacement of one agent by another or addition of a third agent is perceived as a change in treatment and, hence, the end of the treatment maintenance duration for dual therapy. (NCT01357135)
Timeframe: Up to 3 years
| Intervention | months (Median) |
|---|---|
| Metformin + Sitagliptin | 43.2 |
| Metformin + Sulfonylurea | 20.2 |
Strict changes in dual therapy were defined as withdrawal of an agent, replacement of one agent by another, or the addition of a third agent. Changes in dose level were not considered strict changes. (NCT01357135)
Timeframe: Up to 3 years
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Metformin + Sitagliptin | 33.1 |
| Metformin + Sulfonylurea | 46.5 |
Values of mean change in normalised iAUC0-4h values based on LOCF data derived from the glucose concentration profiles during a meal test. The meal test was performed at selected sites at baseline and after 26 weeks of treatment in the main trial period. The incremental AUC was calculated using the trapezoidal method and the resulting area was divided length of the observation period to yield the (normalised) prandial increment in mmol/L using the available valid glucose observations and the associated actual elapsed time point. (NCT01336023)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| IDeg | -0.17 |
| IDegLira | -0.87 |
| Liraglutide | -0.78 |
Mean of the actual doses recorded at visit 28 (Week 26). (NCT01336023)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | units (Mean) |
|---|---|
| IDeg | 53 |
| IDegLira | 38 |
Values of mean change in body weight. (NCT01336023)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| IDeg | 1.6 |
| IDegLira | -0.5 |
| Liraglutide | -3.0 |
Values of mean change in HbA1c. (NCT01336023)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean) |
|---|---|
| IDeg | -1.44 |
| IDegLira | -1.91 |
| Liraglutide | -1.28 |
Reported hypoglycemaic episodes are number of hypoglycemic events per 100 patient years of exposure. (NCT01336023)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-26
| Intervention | Events per 100 patient years of exposure (Number) |
|---|---|
| IDeg | 256.7 |
| IDegLira | 180.2 |
| Liraglutide | 22.0 |
The change in the coefficient of variation (CV) of continuous glucose readings, as assessed by Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) (NCT01524705)
Timeframe: At baseline, 6 months of intervention
| Intervention | percentage (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine, Metformin, Exenatide | -2.43 |
| Insulin Glargine, Metformin, Prandial Insulin | 0.44 |
% of glycosylated hemoglobin in whole blood at 26 weeks (NCT01524705)
Timeframe: Baseline vs 26 weeks
| Intervention | % of HbA1C (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine, Metformin, Exenatide | 7.1 |
| Insulin Glargine, Metformin, Prandial Insulin | 7.2 |
Severe hypoglycemia-documented glucose <50mg/dl (participant journal), and hypoglycemic attacks requiring hospitalization, or treatment by emergency personnel. (NCT01524705)
Timeframe: 26 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine, Metformin, Exenatide | 0 |
| Insulin Glargine, Metformin, Prandial Insulin | 0 |
Weight in kg at 26 weeks minus weight at baseline. (NCT01524705)
Timeframe: Baseline vs 26 weeks
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine, Metformin, Exenatide | -4.8 |
| Insulin Glargine, Metformin, Prandial Insulin | 0.7 |
Least Squares (LS) means were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with country and treatment as fixed effects and baseline HbA1c as a covariate. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| LY2189265 1.5 mg | -1.08 |
| LY2189265 0.75 mg | -0.76 |
| Insulin Glargine | -0.63 |
Least Squares (LS) means were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with country and treatment as fixed effects and baseline HbA1c as a covariate. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26 weeks, and 78 weeks
| Intervention | percent (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| 26 weeks (n=263, 266, 258) | 78 weeks (n=263, 267, 259) | |
| Insulin Glargine | -0.65 | -0.59 |
| LY2189265 0.75 mg | -0.89 | -0.62 |
| LY2189265 1.5 mg | -1.16 | -0.90 |
Body mass index (BMI) is an estimate of body fat based on body weight divided by height squared. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with treatment, country, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26, 52, and 78 weeks
| Intervention | kilograms per square meter (kg/m^2) (Least Squares Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 26 weeks (n=257, 261, 245) | 52 weeks (n=250, 252, 238) | 78 weeks (n=246, 244, 238) | |
| Insulin Glargine | 0.44 | 0.62 | 0.59 |
| LY2189265 0.75 mg | -0.50 | -0.39 | -0.39 |
| LY2189265 1.5 mg | -0.64 | -0.64 | -0.64 |
Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with country and treatment as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26, 52, and 78 weeks
| Intervention | kilogram (kg) (Least Squares Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 26 weeks | 52 weeks | 78 weeks | |
| Insulin Glargine | 1.01 | 1.44 | 1.28 |
| LY2189265 0.75 mg | -1.47 | -1.33 | -1.54 |
| LY2189265 1.5 mg | -1.82 | -1.87 | -1.96 |
The self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) data were collected at the following 8 time points: pre-morning meal; 2 hours post-morning meal; pre-midday meal; 2 hours post-midday meal; pre-evening meal; 2 hours post-evening meal; bedtime; and 3 AM or 5 hours after bedtime. Least Squares (LS) means of the mean of the 8 time points (Daily Mean) were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with treatment, country, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26, 52, and 78 weeks
| Intervention | millimoles per liter (mmol/L) (Least Squares Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 26 weeks (n=199, 204, 190) | 52 weeks (n=180, 185, 176) | 78 weeks (n=172, 164, 168) | |
| Insulin Glargine | -1.58 | -1.44 | -1.47 |
| LY2189265 0.75 mg | -1.46 | -1.32 | -1.15 |
| LY2189265 1.5 mg | -1.79 | -1.69 | -1.55 |
The European Quality of Life - 5 dimensions (EQ-5D) questionnaire is a generic, multidimensional, health-related, quality-of-life instrument. It consists of 2 parts: the first part assesses 5 dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression) that have 3 possible levels of response (no problem, some problem, or extreme problem). These dimensions are converted into a weighted health-state Index Score. The EQ-5D United Kingdom (UK) score ranges from -0.59 to 1.0, where a score of 1.0 indicates perfect health and negative values are valued as worse than dead. The second part of the questionnaire consists of a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS) on which the participants rated their perceived health state on that day from 0 (worst imaginable health state) to 100 (best imaginable health). Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and adjusted by treatment, country, and baseline. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26, 52, and 78 weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EQ-5D UK, 26 weeks (n=257, 254, 249) | EQ-5D UK, 52 weeks (n=259, 260, 253) | EQ-5D UK, 78 weeks (n=259, 260, 253) | VAS, 26 weeks (n=253, 252, 243) | VAS, 52 weeks (n=260, 258, 252) | VAS, 78 weeks (n=260, 258, 252) | |
| Insulin Glargine | -0.01 | -0.04 | 0.00 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 2.2 |
| LY2189265 0.75 mg | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3.4 | 2.3 | 3.2 |
| LY2189265 1.5 mg | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.8 |
"The Impact of Weight on Activities of Daily Living questionnaire (renamed the Ability to Perform Physical Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire [APPADL]) contains 7 items that assess how difficult it is for participants to engage in certain activities considered to be integral to normal daily life, such as walking, standing and climbing stairs. Items are scored on a 5-point numeric rating scale where 5 = not at all difficult and 1 = unable to do. The individual scores from all 7 items are summed and a single total score is calculated and may range between 7 and 35. A higher score indicates better ability to perform activities of daily living. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with country and treatment as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate." (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26, 52, and 78 weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 26 weeks (n=256, 256, 248) | 52 weeks (n=260, 261, 249) | 78 weeks (n=260, 261, 249) | |
| Insulin Glargine | -0.3 | -0.6 | -0.3 |
| LY2189265 0.75 mg | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.3 |
| LY2189265 1.5 mg | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1.0 |
The Impact of Weight on Self-Perception (IW-SP) questionnaire contains 3 items that assess how often the participants' body weight affects how happy they are with their appearance and how often they feel self-conscious when out in public. Items are scored on a 5-point numeric rating scale where 5 = never and 1 = always. A single total score is calculated by summing the scores for all 3 items. Total score ranges between 3 and 15, where a higher score is indicative of better self-perception. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with country and treatment as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26, 52, and 78 weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 26 weeks (n=258, 258, 251) | 52 weeks (n=260, 261, 252) | 78 weeks (n=260, 261, 252) | |
| Insulin Glargine | -0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| LY2189265 0.75 mg | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
| LY2189265 1.5 mg | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
The Low Blood Sugar Survey (LBSS) contains 33 items comprised of 2 subscales (behavior and worry), each of which is rated on a 5-point numeric rating scale from 0 (never) to 4 (almost always). It captures behavioral changes associated with the concerns and experiences of hypoglycemia and the degree to which participants are worried about certain aspects associated with hypoglycemia during the previous 4 weeks. The behavior (or avoidance) subscale has 15 items, and the worry (or affect) subscale has 18 items. Subscale scores are calculated by summing participant responses to items (behavior range 0-60; worry range 0-72). A total score is calculated as the sum of both subscales (range 0-132). Higher scores indicate greater negative impact on subscales and total score. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with country and treatment as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26, 52, and 78 weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 26 weeks (n=255, 255, 244) | 52 weeks (n=258, 259, 245) | 78 weeks (n=258, 259, 245) | |
| Insulin Glargine | 0.3 | -1.0 | -2.0 |
| LY2189265 0.75 mg | -2.4 | -4.1 | -4.7 |
| LY2189265 1.5 mg | -2.8 | -4.2 | -4.6 |
The QT interval is a measure of the time between the start of the Q wave and the end of the T wave and was calculated from electrocardiogram (ECG) data using Fridericia's formula: QTc = QT/RR^0.33. Corrected QT (QTc) is the QT interval corrected for heart rate and RR, which is the interval between two R waves. PR is the interval between the P wave and the QRS complex. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with treatment, country, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26, 52, and 78 weeks
| Intervention | milliseconds (msec) (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| QTcF interval, 26 weeks (n=240, 245, 229) | QTcF interval, 52 weeks (n=231, 240, 228) | QTcF interval, 78 weeks (n=221, 220, 222) | PR interval, 26 weeks (n=240, 245, 229) | PR interval, 52 weeks (n=230, 240, 227) | PR interval, 78 weeks (n=221, 220, 222) | |
| Insulin Glargine | 1.24 | 3.70 | 4.44 | 1.24 | 1.50 | 1.21 |
| LY2189265 0.75 mg | -0.10 | 1.34 | 3.44 | 2.33 | 1.88 | 3.27 |
| LY2189265 1.5 mg | -1.71 | 1.55 | 1.66 | 2.78 | 2.61 | 2.62 |
Electrocardiogram (ECG) heart rate was measured. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with treatment, country, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26, 52, and 78 weeks
| Intervention | beats per minute (bpm) (Least Squares Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 26 weeks (n=241, 247, 231) | 52 weeks (n=232, 242, 231) | 78 weeks (n=223, 222, 225) | |
| Insulin Glargine | -1.24 | -1.01 | -0.26 |
| LY2189265 0.75 mg | 0.90 | 0.38 | 0.47 |
| LY2189265 1.5 mg | 2.64 | 2.41 | 2.49 |
Amylase (total and pancreas-derived) and lipase concentrations were measured. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26, 52, and 78 weeks
| Intervention | units/liter (Median) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amylase (total), 26 weeks | Amylase (total), 52 weeks | Amylase (total), 78 weeks | Amylase (pancreas-derived), 26 weeks | Amylase (pancreas-derived), 52 weeks | Amylase (pancreas-derived), 78 weeks | Lipase, 26 weeks | Lipase, 52 weeks | Lipase, 78 weeks | |
| Insulin Glargine | 2.000 | 3.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | -1.000 | -1.000 | -2.000 |
| LY2189265 0.75 mg | 4.000 | 5.000 | 4.000 | 3.000 | 3.000 | 2.000 | 5.000 | 4.000 | 4.000 |
| LY2189265 1.5 mg | 4.000 | 4.000 | 4.000 | 3.000 | 3.000 | 2.000 | 5.000 | 4.000 | 4.000 |
(NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26, 52, and 78 weeks
| Intervention | picogram/milliliter (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 26 weeks (n=266, 267, 258) | 52 weeks (n=266, 269, 259) | 78 weeks (n=267, 269, 259) | |
| Insulin Glargine | 0.149 | 0.176 | 0.151 |
| LY2189265 0.75 mg | 0.097 | 0.132 | 0.035 |
| LY2189265 1.5 mg | 0.163 | 0.128 | 0.086 |
Sitting systolic blood pressure (SBP) and sitting diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with treatment, country, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26, 52, and 78 weeks
| Intervention | milliliter of mercury (mmHG) (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SBP, 26 weeks (n=257, 261, 245) | SBP, 52 weeks (n=250, 252, 240) | SBP, 78 weeks (n=246, 244, 238) | DBP, 26 weeks (n=257, 261, 245) | DBP, 52 weeks (n=250, 252, 240) | DBP, 78 weeks (n=246, 244, 238) | |
| Insulin Glargine | -0.03 | 0.51 | 0.51 | -0.29 | -0.93 | -1.04 |
| LY2189265 0.75 mg | -1.60 | 0.09 | -0.59 | -0.17 | -0.19 | -0.36 |
| LY2189265 1.5 mg | -1.28 | 0.17 | -0.70 | -0.16 | -0.26 | -0.44 |
Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with country and treatment as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52, and 78 weeks
| Intervention | picomoles per liter (pmol/L) (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| 52 weeks (n=232, 231, 228) | 78 weeks (n=235, 235, 232) | |
| Insulin Glargine | -3.85 | -3.65 |
| LY2189265 0.75 mg | -3.31 | -3.37 |
| LY2189265 1.5 mg | -3.91 | -3.57 |
The homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) is a method used to quantify insulin resistance and beta (β)-cell function. HOMA2-B is a computer model that uses fasting plasma insulin and glucose concentrations to estimate steady state beta cell function (%B) as a percentage of a normal reference population (normal young adults). HOMA2-S is a computer model that uses fasting plasma insulin and glucose concentrations to estimate insulin sensitivity (%S), as percentages of a normal reference population (normal young adults). The normal reference population for both HOMA2-B and HOMA-2S were set at 100%. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline of C-peptide based HOMA2-%B and HOMA2-%S were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with treatment, country, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline, 52, and 78 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of HOMA2 (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HOMA2-%B, 52 weeks (n=175, 181) | HOMA2-%B, 78 weeks (n=167, 165) | HOMA2-%S, 52 weeks (n=175,181) | HOMA2-%S, 78 weeks (n=167, 165) | |
| LY2189265 0.75 mg | 24.60 | 15.66 | -2.66 | -3.62 |
| LY2189265 1.5 mg | 29.95 | 28.54 | -2.89 | -2.64 |
Sitting pulse rate was measured. Least Squares (LS) means of change from baseline were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with treatment, country, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26, 52, and 78 weeks
| Intervention | beats per minute (bpm) (Least Squares Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 26 weeks (n=257, 260, 245) | 52 weeks (n=250, 252, 240) | 78 weeks (n=246, 244, 238) | |
| Insulin Glargine | -1.21 | -0.52 | -0.91 |
| LY2189265 0.75 mg | 0.74 | 0.51 | 0.61 |
| LY2189265 1.5 mg | 1.56 | 1.29 | 1.31 |
Number of participants achieving HbA1c levels less than 7.0% was analyzed with a logistic regression model with baseline, country, and treatment as factors included in the model. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: 26, 52, and 78 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 26 weeks (n=263, 266, 258) | 52 weeks (n=263, 267, 259) | 78 weeks (n=263, 267, 259) | |
| Insulin Glargine | 84 | 80 | 79 |
| LY2189265 0.75 mg | 122 | 99 | 91 |
| LY2189265 1.5 mg | 153 | 140 | 129 |
Number of participants achieving HbA1c levels less than or equal to 6.5% was analyzed with a logistic regression model with baseline, country, and treatment as factors included in the model. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: 26, 52, and 78 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 26 weeks (n=263, 266, 258) | 52 weeks (n=263, 267, 259) | 78 weeks (n=263, 267, 259) | |
| Insulin Glargine | 40 | 35 | 43 |
| LY2189265 0.75 mg | 74 | 60 | 59 |
| LY2189265 1.5 mg | 97 | 71 | 74 |
Additional intervention was defined as any additional therapeutic intervention in participants who developed persistent, severe hyperglycemia despite full compliance with the assigned therapeutic regimen, or initiation of an alternative antihyperglycemic medication following study drug discontinuation. The number of participants requiring additional intervention due to hyperglycemia is summarized cumulatively at 26, 52, and 78 weeks. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: 26, 52, and 78 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 26 weeks | 52 weeks | 78 weeks | |
| Insulin Glargine | 0 | 8 | 16 |
| LY2189265 0.75 mg | 4 | 20 | 34 |
| LY2189265 1.5 mg | 2 | 11 | 24 |
Information on cardiovascular (CV) risk factors was collected at baseline. Data on any new CV event was prospectively collected using a CV event electronic case report form. At prespecified visits, participants were asked about any new CV event. Deaths and nonfatal cardiovascular adverse events (AEs) were adjudicated by a committee of physicians with cardiology expertise external to the Sponsor. The nonfatal cardiovascular AEs to be adjudicated include myocardial infarction, hospitalization for unstable angina, hospitalization for heart failure, coronary interventions (such as coronary artery bypass graft or percutaneous coronary intervention), and cerebrovascular events including cerebrovascular accident (stroke) and transient ischemic attack. The number of participants with adjudicated CV events is summarized cumulatively at 26, 52, and 78 weeks. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline through 26, 52, and 78 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any CV event, 26 weeks | Any fatal CV event, 26 weeks | Any non-fatal CV event, 26 weeks | Any CV event, 52 weeks | Any fatal CV event, 52 weeks | Any non-fatal CV event, 52 weeks | Any CV event, 78 week | Any fatal CV event, 78 week | Any non-fatal CV event, 78 week | |
| Insulin Glargine | 3 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 9 | 1 | 8 |
| LY2189265 0.75 mg | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 6 |
| LY2189265 1.5 mg | 2 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
The number of participants with pancreatitis confirmed by adjudication is summarized cumulatively at 26, 52, and 78 weeks. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline through 26, 52, and 78 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 26 weeks | 52 weeks | 78 weeks | |
| Insulin Glargine | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| LY2189265 0.75 mg | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| LY2189265 1.5 mg | 1 | 2 | 2 |
LY2189265 (Dulaglutide) anti-drug antibodies (ADA) were assessed at baseline, 26, 52, and 78 weeks, and at the safety follow-up visit 30 days after study drug discontinuation (83 weeks). The number of participants with initial postbaseline detection of treatment emergent (defined as a 4-fold increase in the ADA titer from baseline) LY2189265 ADA at each time point were summarized. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline, 26, 52, 78, and 83 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26 weeks | 52 weeks | 78 weeks | 83 weeks | |
| LY2189265 1.5 mg and 0.75 mg | 11 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
A treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) was defined as an event that first occurs or worsens (increases in severity) after baseline regardless of causality or severity. The number of participants with one or more TEAE is summarized cumulatively at 26, 52, and 78 weeks. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: 26, 52, and 78 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 26 weeks | 52 weeks | 78 weeks | |
| Insulin Glargine | 137 | 175 | 192 |
| LY2189265 0.75 mg | 146 | 175 | 188 |
| LY2189265 1.5 mg | 160 | 189 | 201 |
Hypoglycemic events (HE) were classified as severe (defined as episodes requiring the assistance of another person to actively administer resuscitative actions), documented symptomatic (defined as any time a participant feels that he/she is experiencing symptoms and/or signs associated with hypoglycemia, and has a plasma glucose level of =<3.9 mmol/L), asymptomatic (defined as events not accompanied by typical symptoms of hypoglycemia but with a measured plasma glucose of =<3.9 mmol/L), nocturnal (defined as any hypoglycemic event that occurred between bedtime and waking), or probable symptomatic (defined as events during which symptoms of hypoglycemia were not accompanied by a plasma glucose determination). The number of self-reported hypoglycemic events is summarized cumulatively at 26, 52, and 78 weeks. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline through 26, 52, and 78 weeks
| Intervention | events (Number) | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Severe HE, 26 weeks | Severe HE, 52 weeks | Severe HE, 78 weeks | Documented symptomatic HE, 26 weeks | Documented symptomatic HE, 52 weeks | Documented symptomatic HE, 78 weeks | Asymptomatic HE, 26 weeks | Asymptomatic HE, 52 weeks | Asymptomatic HE, 78 weeks | Nocturnal HE, 26 weeks | Nocturnal HE, 52 weeks | Nocturnal HE, 78 weeks | Probable symptomatic HE, 26 weeks | Probable symptomatic HE, 52 weeks | Probable symptomatic HE, 78 weeks | |
| Insulin Glargine | 1 | 2 | 2 | 447 | 789 | 1033 | 609 | 1093 | 1358 | 240 | 519 | 635 | 20 | 22 | 26 |
| LY2189265 0.75 mg | 0 | 0 | 0 | 315 | 444 | 515 | 484 | 709 | 911 | 117 | 147 | 184 | 19 | 24 | 28 |
| LY2189265 1.5 mg | 1 | 1 | 2 | 311 | 515 | 607 | 500 | 757 | 884 | 145 | 185 | 215 | 11 | 17 | 20 |
Hypoglycemic events (HE) were classified as severe (defined as episodes requiring the assistance of another person to actively administer resuscitative actions), documented symptomatic (defined as any time a participant feels that he/she is experiencing symptoms and/or signs associated with hypoglycemia, and has a plasma glucose level of =<3.9 mmol/L), asymptomatic (defined as events not accompanied by typical symptoms of hypoglycemia but with a measured plasma glucose of =<3.9 mmol/L), nocturnal (defined as any hypoglycemic event that occurred between bedtime and waking), or probable symptomatic (defined as events during which symptoms of hypoglycemia were not accompanied by a plasma glucose determination). The 1-year adjusted rate of hypoglycemic events is summarized cumulatively at 26, 52, and 78 weeks. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module. (NCT01075282)
Timeframe: Baseline through 26, 52, and 78 weeks
| Intervention | events per participant per year (Mean) | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Severe HE, 26 weeks | Severe HE, 52 weeks | Severe HE, 78 weeks | Documented symptomatic HE, 26 weeks | Documented symptomatic HE, 52 weeks | Documented symptomatic HE, 78 weeks | Asymptomatic HE, 26 weeks | Asymptomatic HE, 52 weeks | Asymptomatic HE, 78 weeks | Nocturnal HE, 26 weeks | Nocturnal HE, 52 weeks | Nocturnal HE, 78 weeks | Probable symptomatic HE, 26 weeks | Probable symptomatic HE, 52 weeks | Probable symptomatic HE, 78 weeks | |
| Insulin Glargine | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 3.64 | 3.34 | 3.03 | 4.82 | 4.41 | 3.80 | 1.86 | 2.07 | 1.81 | 0.15 | 0.08 | 0.07 |
| LY2189265 0.75 mg | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.52 | 1.97 | 1.66 | 3.58 | 2.68 | 2.38 | 0.96 | 0.65 | 0.59 | 0.14 | 0.09 | 0.07 |
| LY2189265 1.5 mg | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 2.35 | 2.03 | 1.67 | 3.79 | 3.08 | 2.56 | 1.23 | 0.90 | 0.77 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.05 |
"Change from baseline in body weight after 24 weeks.~Note that adjusted means are provided." (NCT01210001)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 weeks
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.34 |
| Empa 10mg | -1.62 |
| Empa 25mg | -1.47 |
"Change from baseline in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) after 24 weeks of treatment.~Note that adjusted means are provided." (NCT01210001)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 6.47 |
| Empa 10mg | -17.00 |
| Empa 25mg | -21.99 |
"Change From Baseline in HbA1c after 24 weeks.~Note that adjusted means are provided." (NCT01210001)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of HbA1c (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.11 |
| Empa 10mg | -0.59 |
| Empa 25mg | -0.72 |
"Change From Baseline in HbA1c after 24 weeks for patients with pioglitazone (pio) and metformin (met) background medication only.~Note that adjusted means are provided." (NCT01210001)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of HbA1c (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.11 |
| Empa 10mg | -0.55 |
| Empa 25mg | -0.70 |
Number of patients with hypoglycaemic events, as reported as adverse events. (NCT01210001)
Timeframe: From first drug administration until 7 days after last intake of study drug, up to 256 days
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.8 |
| Empa 10mg | 1.2 |
| Empa 25mg | 2.4 |
The estimated mean change in body weight after 26 weeks of treatment. (NCT01617434)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 26
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | -3.54 |
| Placebo | -0.42 |
The estimated mean change from baseline in FPG after 26 weeks of treatment. (NCT01617434)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | -1.44 |
| Placebo | -0.16 |
The estimated mean change from baseline in HbA1c after 26 weeks of treatment. (NCT01617434)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | -1.30 |
| Placebo | -0.11 |
The estimated mean change from baseline in mean SMPG of 7-point profile (7-points were before breakfast, 90 minutes after start of breakfast, before lunch, 90 minutes after start of lunch, before dinner, 90 minutes after start of dinner and at bedtime) after 26 weeks of treatment. (NCT01617434)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | -2.61 |
| Placebo | -1.02 |
A minor hypoglycaemic episode was defined as either, (a) an episode with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia with confirmation by blood glucose <2.8 mmol/L (50 mg/dL) or plasma glucose <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) that was handled by the subject him/herself or (b) any asymptomatic blood glucose value <2.8 mmol/L (50 mg/dL) or plasma glucose value <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL). (NCT01617434)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 26 + 7 days follow up
| Intervention | Events/100 years of patient exposure (Number) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | 126 |
| Placebo | 83 |
Severe hypoglycaemia episode was defined as an episode requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon or other resuscitative actions. (NCT01617434)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 26 + 7 days follow up
| Intervention | Events/100 years of patient exposure (Number) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | 0 |
| Placebo | 0 |
Number of subjects achieving HbA1c below 7.0% (American Diabetes Association [ADA] target) after 26 weeks of treatment (NCT01617434)
Timeframe: At Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | 59.24 |
| Placebo | 14.02 |
Number of subjects achieving HbA1c below or equal to 6.5% (American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists [AACE] target) after 26 weeks of treatment. (NCT01617434)
Timeframe: At Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | 42.91 |
| Placebo | 3.60 |
An AE was defined as treatment emergent if the onset date (or increase in severity) was on or after the first day of exposure to randomised treatment and no later than 7 days after the last day of randomised treatment. The adverse events were categorised as 'serious' and 'non-serious' adverse events. Adverse events were also categorised according to the severity as 'mild', 'moderate' and 'severe' adverse events. (NCT01617434)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 26 + 7 days follow up
| Intervention | Events/1000 years of patient exposure (Number) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adverse Events | Serious Adverse Events | Severe Adverse Events | Moderate Adverse Events | Mild Adverse Events | |
| Liraglutide | 4918 | 149 | 169 | 1274 | 3474 |
| Placebo | 3737 | 101 | 101 | 1060 | 2575 |
2-hour postprandial glucose (PPG) from a liquid meal tolerance test (2-h MTT) Subject must be fasted for at least 8 hrs prior to the MTT. (NCT01646320)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapa+Saxa+Met | -73.5 |
| Pla+Saxa+Met | -38.0 |
Data after rescue medication was excluded from this analysis. Baseline was defined as the last assessment prior to the start date and time of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. In cases where time of the first dose or time of the assessment was not available, baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. Body weights were measured during the qualification and lead-in periods and on Day 1 and Weeks 6, 12, 18, and 24 in the double-blind period. (NCT01646320)
Timeframe: From baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapa+Saxa+Met | -1.91 |
| Pla+Saxa+Met | -0.41 |
Data after rescue medication was excluded from this analysis. Baseline was defined as the last assessment prior to the start date and time of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. In cases where time of the first dose or time of the assessment was not available, baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. FPG measurements were obtained during the qualification and lead-in periods and on Day 1 and Weeks 6, 12, 18, and 24 in the double-blind period (NCT01646320)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapa+Saxa+Met | -32.7 |
| Pla+Saxa+Met | -5.3 |
HbA1c was measured as percent of hemoglobin by a central laboratory. Data after rescue medication was excluded from this analysis. Baseline was defined as the last assessment prior to the start date and time of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. In cases where time of the first dose or time of the assessment was not available, baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. HbA1c measurements were obtained during the qualification and lead-in periods and on Day 1 and Weeks 6, 12, 18, and 24 in the double-blind period. (NCT01646320)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | Percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapa+Saxa+Met | -0.82 |
| Pla+Saxa+Met | -0.1 |
Percent adjusted for baseline HbA1c. Therapeutic glycemic response is defined as HbA1c <7.0%. Data after rescue medication was excluded from this analysis. (NCT01646320)
Timeframe: From baseline to week 24
| Intervention | Percentage of subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Dapa+Saxa+Met | 36.7 |
| Pla+Saxa+Met | 13.3 |
Efficacy as measured by change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at Week 24 (NCT01451398)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| TI Inhalation Powder + OADs | -0.82 |
| Technosphere Powder | -0.42 |
Change in body weight from Baseline to Week 24 (NCT01451398)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| TI Inhalation Powder + OADs | 0.49 |
| Technosphere Powder | -1.13 |
Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second - change from baseline to week 24 (NCT01451398)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | Liters (Mean) |
|---|---|
| TI Inhalation Powder + OADs | -0.13 |
| Technosphere Powder | -0.04 |
Efficacy as measured by mean change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (NCT01451398)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| TI Inhalation Powder + OADs | -11.20 |
| Technosphere Powder | -3.78 |
Severe Hypoglycemia defined as: Requiring 3rd party assistance. (NCT01451398)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| TI Inhalation Powder + OADs | 5.1 |
| Technosphere Powder | 1.7 |
Hypoglycemia, defined as blood glucose <= 70 mg/dL or in absence of blood glucose, symptoms that are resolved by the administration of carbohydrates. (NCT01451398)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| TI Inhalation Powder + OADs | 67.8 |
| Technosphere Powder | 30.7 |
Efficacy as measured in proportion of subjects achieving HbA1c < or = to 6.5% at Week 24 (NCT01451398)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| TI Inhalation Powder + OADs | 15.9 |
| Technosphere Powder | 4.2 |
Efficacy as measured in proportion of subjects achieving HbA1c < or = to 7.0% (NCT01451398)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| TI Inhalation Powder + OADs | 37.7 |
| Technosphere Powder | 19.0 |
(NCT01451398)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| TI Inhalation Powder + OADs | 6.8 |
| Technosphere Powder | 9.7 |
Number of Severe Hypoglycemic Events/Total Subject Exposure Time (in months) (NCT01451398)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | Events/100 Subject-Month (Number) |
|---|---|
| TI Inhalation Powder + OADs | 2.37 |
| Technosphere Powder | 0.60 |
Time from Week 0 (baseline) to initiation of rescue therapy (up to a maximum of 24 weeks/end of treatment) for subjects not responding to treatment (NCT01451398)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | Days (Median) |
|---|---|
| TI Inhalation Powder + OADs | 95 |
| Technosphere Powder | 85 |
Number of Hypoglycemic Events/Total Subject Exposure Time (in months) (NCT01451398)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | Events/Subject-Month (Number) |
|---|---|
| TI Inhalation Powder + OADs | 1.16 |
| Technosphere Powder | 0.50 |
Mean 7-point self-monitored glucose at baseline (NCT01451398)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before Breakfast | After Breakfast | Before Lunch | After Lunch | Before Dinner | After Dinner | Bedtime | |
| Technosphere Powder | 182.2 | 219.9 | 183.6 | 209.1 | 187.6 | 211.2 | 203.8 |
| TI Inhalation Powder + OADs | 178.5 | 212.8 | 176.7 | 197.0 | 176.8 | 205.2 | 203.3 |
Mean 7-point self-monitored blood glucose at Week 24 (NCT01451398)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before Breakfast | After Breakfast | Before Lunch | After Lunch | Before Dinner | After Dinner | Bedtime | |
| Technosphere Powder | 160.9 | 194.7 | 163.4 | 183.8 | 164.7 | 188.5 | 178.7 |
| TI Inhalation Powder + OADs | 156.6 | 170.3 | 152.4 | 158.0 | 157.4 | 164.3 | 163.0 |
(NCT01819272)
Timeframe: Baseline and 4 to 12 weeks after the first dose of study medication
| Intervention | mg/dL*week (Median) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 4.00 |
| 600 mg DR | -96.00 |
| 800 mg DR | -108.00 |
| 1000 mg DR | -156.00 |
| 1000 mg XR | -98.00 |
| 2000 mg XR | -215.00 |
(NCT01819272)
Timeframe: Baseline and 4 weeks after the first dose of study medication
| Intervention | mg/dL (Median) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -4 |
| 600 mg DR | -11 |
| 800 mg DR | -13 |
| 1000 mg DR | -18 |
| 1000 mg XR | -12 |
| 2000 mg XR | -25 |
(NCT01819272)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks after the first dose of study medication
| Intervention | HbA1c (%) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.45 |
| 600 mg DR | -0.03 |
| 800 mg DR | 0.00 |
| 1000 mg DR | 0.10 |
| 1000 mg XR | 0.00 |
| 2000 mg XR | -0.21 |
AUC (0-24) = Area under the curve from the start time of the standardized dinner (0 h) to 24 hours after the standardized dinner. Study medication was administered at t = 0 hours for Treatments B and C and at t = 12 hours for Treatments A and C. (NCT01804842)
Timeframe: Times points to create the AUC (0-24) were: t = -0.08, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 11.92, 12.5, 13, 13.5, 14, 14.5, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24 hours relative to the start time of the standardized dinner.
| Intervention | ng*h/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| 500 mg Met DR BID | 7771 |
| 1000 mg Met DR qAM | 5559 |
| 1000 mg Met DR qPM | 7757 |
Cmax = maximum response from the start time of the standardized dinner (0 h) to 24 hours after the standardized dinner. Study medication was administered at t = 0 hours for Treatments B and C and at t = 12 hours for Treatments A and C. (NCT01804842)
Timeframe: Times points to determine Cmax were: t = -0.08, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 11.92, 12.5, 13, 13.5, 14, 14.5, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24 hours relative to the start time of the standardized dinner.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| 500 mg Met DR BID | 780 |
| 1000 mg Met DR qAM | 868 |
| 1000 mg Met DR qPM | 1035 |
AUC (0-24) = Area under the curve from the start time of the standardized dinner (0 h) to 24 hours after the standardized dinner. Study medication was administered at t = 0 hours for Treatments B and C and at t = 12 hours for Treatments A and C. (NCT01804842)
Timeframe: Times points to create the AUC (0-24) were: t = -0.08, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 11.75, 11.92, 12.5, 13, 13.5, 14, 14.5, 15, 16, 17, 18, 18.5, 19, 19.5, 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24 hours relative to the time of the standardized dinner.
| Intervention | mg*h/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-Treatment | On-Treatment | |
| 1000 mg Met DR qAM | 4947 | 4503 |
| 1000 mg Met DR qPM | 4961 | 4509 |
| 500 mg Met DR BID | 4668 | 4438 |
Rmax (0-24) = maximum response from the start time of the standardized dinner (0 h) to 24 hours after the standardized dinner. Study medication was administered at t = 0 hours for Treatments B and C and at t = 12 hours for Treatments A and C. (NCT01804842)
Timeframe: Times points to determine Rmax were: t = -0.08, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 11.75, 11.92, 12.5, 13, 13.5, 14, 14.5, 15, 16, 17, 18, 18.5, 19, 19.5, 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24 hours relative to the start time of the standardized dinner.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-Treatment | On-Treatment | |
| 1000 mg Met DR qAM | 290 | 262 |
| 1000 mg Met DR qPM | 302 | 273 |
| 500 mg Met DR BID | 279 | 263 |
AUC (0-t) = Area under the curve from the time of dosing (0 h) to the time of the last quantifiable concentration after the standardized dinner. Doses were administered 1 min prior to 0 h (standardized dinner) for once daily in the evening (qPM) and twice daily (BID) dosing and 1 min prior to 12 h (standardized breakfast) for once daily in the morning (qAM) and BID dosing. (NCT02291510)
Timeframe: Time points to create AUC (0-t) were: t = -0.08, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 11.92, 12.5, 13, 13.5, 14, 14.5, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24 hours relative to the start time of the standardized dinner.
| Intervention | ng*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 500 mg Met DR BID | 6164 |
| 1000 mg Met DR BID | 9014 |
| 1000 mg Met IR BID | 18709 |
| 2000 mg Met XR QD | 16989 |
Cmax = Maximum concentration from the first dose of study medication administration (0 h) to the time of the last quantifiable concentration following dose administration. Doses were administered 1 min prior to 0 h (standardized dinner) for qPM and BID dosing and 1 min prior to 12 h (standardized breakfast) for qAM and BID dosing. (NCT02291510)
Timeframe: Time points to create Cmax were: t = -0.08, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 11.92, 12.5, 13, 13.5, 14, 14.5, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24 hours relative to the start time of the standardized dinner.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 500 mg Met DR BID | 607 |
| 1000 mg Met DR BID | 905 |
| 1000 mg Met IR BID | 1328 |
| 2000 mg Met XR QD | 1688 |
Baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. PPG measurements were obtained at Week 24 in the double-blind period, including observations prior to rescue. (NCT01619059)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin 5mg + Dapagliflozin 10mg + Metformin | -37.1 |
| Placebo + Dapagliflozin 10mg + Metformin | -31.3 |
Baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. FPG measurements were obtained at Week 24 in the double-blind period, including observations prior to rescue. (NCT01619059)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin 5mg + Dapagliflozin 10mg + Metformin | -9.1 |
| Placebo + Dapagliflozin 10mg + Metformin | -5.3 |
HbA1c was measured as percent of hemoglobin by a central laboratory. Baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. HbA1c measurements were obtained at Week 24 in the double-blind period, including observations prior to rescue. (NCT01619059)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | Percent of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin 5mg + Dapagliflozin 10mg + Metformin | -0.51 |
| Placebo + Dapagliflozin 10mg + Metformin | -0.16 |
Therapeutic glycemic response is defined as HbA1c <7.0%. Data after rescue medication was excluded from this analysis. HbA1c was measured as a percent of hemoglobin. (NCT01619059)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | Percent of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin 5mg + Dapagliflozin 10mg + Metformin | 35.3 |
| Placebo + Dapagliflozin 10mg + Metformin | 23.1 |
Change from baseline reflects the Week 24 value minus the baseline value. Two-hour post-meal glucose was measured following a standard meal. (NCT01076075)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -36.8 |
| Placebo/Pioglitazone | -3.3 |
Change from baseline reflects the Week 24 value minus the baseline value. (NCT01076075)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -13.2 |
| Placebo/Pioglitazone | 5.3 |
Change from baseline reflects the Week 24 value minus the baseline value. A1C represents the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin. (NCT01076075)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | Percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -0.84 |
| Placebo/Pioglitazone | -0.16 |
(NCT01076075)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 54
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 3 |
| Placebo/Pioglitazone | 9 |
(NCT01076075)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 54
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 120 |
| Placebo/Pioglitazone | 122 |
To determine the exposure-response relationship of metformin and plasma lactate concentrations (NCT01658514)
Timeframe: from the time of dosing (0 h) to 24 hours postdose
| Intervention | R² (Number) |
|---|---|
| Met DR | 0.000011129 |
| Met XR | 0.069527 |
AUC (0-t) = Area under the curve from the time of dosing (0 h) to the time of the last quantifiable concentration following dose administration (NCT01658514)
Timeframe: from the time of dosing (0 h) to 72 hours postdose
| Intervention | ng*h/mL (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal (N = 8) | Mild RI (N = 10) | Moderate RI (N = 9) | Severe RI (N = 7) | |
| Met DR | 5362 | 8705 | 11477 | 22893 |
| Met XR | 10411 | 11788 | 20240 | 43683 |
Cmax = Maximum concentration from the time of dosing (0 h) to the time of the last quantifiable metformin concentration following dose administration (NCT01658514)
Timeframe: from the time of dosing (0 h) to 72 hours postdose
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal (N = 8) | Mild RI (N = 10) | Moderate RI (N = 9) | Severe RI (N = 7) | |
| Met DR | 969 | 1036 | 925 | 1414 |
| Met XR | 1479 | 1340 | 1634 | 2590 |
The change in the value of glycated hemoglobin (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) from baseline at Week 26 was compared between the different treatment groups. (NCT01809327)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin XR | -1.30 |
| Canagliflozin 100 Milligram (mg) | -1.37 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -1.42 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg + Metformin XR | -1.77 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg + Metformin XR | -1.78 |
The change in systolic blood pressure from baseline at Week 26 was compared between the different treatment groups. (NCT01809327)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | millimeter of mercury (mm Hg) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin XR | -0.33 |
| Canagliflozin 100 Milligram (mg) | -2.24 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -2.36 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg + Metformin XR | -2.24 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg + Metformin XR | -1.65 |
An adverse event (AE) was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received study drug without regard to possibility of causal relationship. A serious adverse event (SAE) was an AE resulting in any of the following outcomes or deemed significant for any other reason: death; initial or prolonged inpatient hospitalization; life-threatening experience (immediate risk of dying); persistent or significant disability/incapacity; congenital anomaly. Treatment-emergent were events between administration of study drug and up to 30 days after last dose of study drug that were absent before treatment or that worsened relative to pre-treatment state. (NCT01809327)
Timeframe: Up to 30 weeks of last study drug administration
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Metformin XR | 89 |
| Canagliflozin 100 Milligram (mg) | 88 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | 95 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg + Metformin XR | 99 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg + Metformin XR | 105 |
The percentage change in body weight from baseline to Week 26 was compared between the different treatment groups. (NCT01809327)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin XR | -2.1 |
| Canagliflozin 100 Milligram (mg) | -3.0 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -3.9 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg + Metformin XR | -3.5 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg + Metformin XR | -4.2 |
The percentage change in Fasting High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) from baseline to Week 26 was compared between the different treatment groups. (NCT01809327)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin XR | 10.2 |
| Canagliflozin 100 Milligram (mg) | 17.6 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | 16.6 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg + Metformin XR | 15.5 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg + Metformin XR | 14.5 |
The percentage change in triglycerides from baseline to Week 26 was compared between the different treatment groups. (NCT01809327)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin XR | 13.6 |
| Canagliflozin 100 Milligram (mg) | 1.7 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | 2.8 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg + Metformin XR | 13.0 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg + Metformin XR | 21.2 |
The percentage of participants achieved HbAIc less than 7 percent at Week 26 was compared between the different treatment groups. (NCT01809327)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Metformin XR | 43.0 |
| Canagliflozin 100 Milligram (mg) | 38.8 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | 42.8 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg + Metformin XR | 49.6 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg + Metformin XR | 56.8 |
Estimated mean change from baseline in FPG after 52 Weeks of treatment (NCT01512108)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 0.9 mg/Day | -1.55 |
| Additional OAD | -1.24 |
Estimated mean change in HbA1c from baseline after 52 Weeks of treatment (NCT01512108)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 0.9 mg/Day | -1.21 |
| Additional OAD | -0.94 |
Confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes consisted of the pool of episodes of severe hypoglycaemia as well as minor hypoglycaemic episodes [An episode with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia with confirmation by plasma glucose <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) or full blood glucose <2.8 mmol/L (50 mg/dL) and which is handled by the subject himself or herself or any asymptomatic PG value <3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) or full blood glucose value <2.8 mmol/L (50 mg/dL)] with a confirmed plasma glucose value of less than 3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL). (NCT01512108)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 52
| Intervention | episodes (Number) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide 0.9 mg/Day | 7 |
| Additional OAD | 2 |
Adverse events were defined as events occurring after administration of trial product and no later than 7 days after last day of treatment. Severe AEs: considerable interference with subject's daily activities. Moderate AEs: Marked symptoms, moderate interference with the subject's daily activities. Mild AEs: No or transient symptoms, no interference with the subject's daily activities. Serious AEs: AEs that resulted in any of the following: death, a life-threatening experience, hospitalization/prolongation of existing hospitalization, persistent/significant disability, and congenital anomaly. (NCT01512108)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 52 + 7 days
| Intervention | Events/100 years of patient exposure (Number) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All AEs | Mild AEs | Moderate AEs | Severe AEs | Serious AEs | |
| Additional OAD | 331 | 321 | 9 | 2 | 9 |
| Liraglutide 0.9 mg/Day | 361 | 345 | 14 | 2 | 5 |
Change from baseline in FPG after 26 weeks of treatment (NCT01664247)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| IDeg | -2.60 |
| Placebo | -0.28 |
Change from baseline in HbA1c after 26 weeks of treatment (NCT01664247)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| IDeg | -0.99 |
| Placebo | -0.07 |
Change from baseline in mean of the 8-point profile after 26 weeks of randomised treatment. (NCT01664247)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| IDeg | -2.3 |
| Placebo | -0.5 |
Change from baseline after 26 weeks of treatment in the average of the pre-breakfast self measured plasma glucose (SMPG) measured on the day of the contact and the two days immediately prior to the contact. The least squares means presented are the estimated values after 26 weeks of treatment and the statistical analysis presents the treatment difference of the change from baseline values as the model is adjusted for baseline. (NCT01664247)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| IDeg | 5.88 |
| Placebo | 8.23 |
Number of treatment emergent AEs (TEAEs) from week 0 to week 26 of the randomised treatment. A TEAE was defined as an event that had onset date on or after the first day of exposure to randomised treatment and no later than 7 days after the last day of randomised treatment. (NCT01664247)
Timeframe: Weeks 0 - 26
| Intervention | events (Number) |
|---|---|
| IDeg | 285 |
| Placebo | 252 |
Number of confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes from week 0 to 26 weeks of randomised treatment. A hypoglycaemic episode was defined as treatment emergent if the onset of the episode occurred after the first administration of investigational medicinal product and no later than 7 days after the last day on trial product. Confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes consisted of severe hypoglycaemia or minor hypoglycaemic episodes. (NCT01664247)
Timeframe: Weeks 0 - 26
| Intervention | events (Number) |
|---|---|
| IDeg | 47 |
| Placebo | 9 |
Number of responders for HbA1c below 7.0%, after 26 weeks of randomised treatment. (NCT01664247)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks of randomised treatment.
| Intervention | percentage (%) of subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| IDeg | 77.6 |
| Placebo | 35.5 |
The change from baseline in the 8-point SMPG profile after 26 weeks of randomised treatment. The least squares means presented are the estimated values after 26 weeks of treatment and the statistical analysis presents the treatment difference of the change from baseline values as the model is adjusted for baseline. (NCT01664247)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before breakfast, N=170, 164 | 90 min after breakfast, N=153, 148 | Before lunch, N=151,149 | 90 min after lunch, N=152,150 | Before evening meal, N=154,148 | 90 mins after evening meal, N=147,145 | Before bedtime, N=148, 142 | Before breakfast the next day, N=164,161 | |
| IDeg | 5.85 | 7.65 | 6.33 | 7.73 | 6.77 | 7.93 | 7.21 | 6.05 |
| Placebo | 8.54 | 9.75 | 8.34 | 9.67 | 9.51 | 9.65 | 8.95 | 8.55 |
Change in subject's quality of life was evaluated using the Short-Form 36 Health Survey version 2 (SF-36®v2). Evaluations were performed at baseline and at the last treatment visit (week 26). SF-36 was assessed on a scale range of 0.65 to 80.73 for physical health and -8.81 to 81.65 for mental health respectively, where higher scores indicated a better quality of life. 0-100 scores from the SF-36 were converted to a norm-based score using a T-score transformation in order to obtain a direct interpretation in relation to the distribution of the scores in the 1998 U.S. general population. (NCT01664247)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | T-scores (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Physical health | Mental health | |
| IDeg | 0.5 | 0.6 |
| Placebo | 0.0 | -0.7 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean change in FPG from Baseline to Week 26 for each treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus placebo) in the LS mean change. (NCT01106651)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 7.39 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | -18.1 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -20.3 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean change in HbA1c from Baseline to Week 26 for each treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus placebo) in the LS mean change. (NCT01106651)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.03 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | -0.60 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -0.73 |
Region percent total fat = body fat as a percentage of (body fat + lean body mass + bone mass content). The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean change in region percent total fat from Baseline to Week 26 for each treatment group in patients randomized to the subset of patients undergoing specific dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) analysis for body composition. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus placebo) in the LS mean change. (NCT01106651)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.00 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | -1.03 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -1.18 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean change in SBP from Baseline to Week 26 for each treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus placebo) in the LS mean change. (NCT01106651)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.10 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | -3.52 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -6.79 |
Tissue percent total fat = body fat as a percentage of body fat + lean body mass. The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean change in tissue percent total fat from Baseline to Week 26 for each treatment group in patients randomized to the subset of patients undergoing specific DXA analysis for body composition. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus placebo) in the LS mean change. (NCT01106651)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.02 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | -1.04 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -1.18 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean change in total fat from Baseline to Week 26 for each treatment group in patients randomized to the subset of patients undergoing specific DXA analysis for body composition. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus placebo) in the LS mean change. (NCT01106651)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.28 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | -1.87 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -2.38 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean percent change in body weight from Baseline to Week 26 for each treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus placebo) in the LS mean change. (NCT01106651)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.1 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | -2.4 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -3.1 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean percent change from Baseline to Week 26 in distal forearm BMD for each treatment group as assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus placebo) in LS mean percent change. (NCT01106651)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.5 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | -0.7 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -0.8 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean percent change from Baseline to Week 26 in femoral neck BMD for each treatment group as assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus placebo) in LS mean percent change. (NCT01106651)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -1.0 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | -0.7 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -0.6 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean percent change in HDL-C from Baseline to Week 26 or each treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus placebo) in the LS mean change. (NCT01106651)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.5 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | 6.8 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | 6.2 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean percent change from Baseline to Week 26 in lumbar spine BMD for each treatment group as assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus placebo) in LS mean percent change. (NCT01106651)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.5 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | 0.7 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | 0.2 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean percent change from Baseline to Week 26 in total hip BMD for each treatment group as assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus placebo) in LS mean percent change. (NCT01106651)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.5 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | -0.9 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | -1.0 |
The table below shows the least-squares (LS) mean percent change in triglycerides from Baseline to Week 26 for each treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus placebo) in the LS mean change. (NCT01106651)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 26
| Intervention | Percent change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 7.7 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | 2.8 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | 8.4 |
The table below shows the percentage of patients with HbA1c <7% at Week 26 in each treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin group minus placebo) in the percentage. (NCT01106651)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Percentage of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 28.0 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg | 47.7 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg | 58.5 |
Mean change from baseline in mean of 7-point self-measured plasma glucose at week 26. The 7-point self-measured plasma glucose levels were measured before and after (120 minutes after the start of the meal) the three main meals (breakfast, lunch and dinner), and at bed time. (NCT02008682)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | -2.25 |
| Sitagliptin | -1.36 |
Mean change from baseline in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) at Week 26. (NCT02008682)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | -2.347 |
| Sitagliptin | -1.205 |
Mean change from baseline in glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at Week 26. (NCT02008682)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | Percent (%) glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | -1.666 |
| Sitagliptin | -0.969 |
confirmed hypoglycaemic episode defined as severe (unable to treat her/himself) or biochemically confirmed by a plasma glucose < 3.1 mmol/L (NCT02008682)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-26
| Intervention | episodes (Number) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | 2 |
| Sitagliptin | 1 |
Calculated as the percentage of subjects achieving treatment target of HbA1c < 7.0% at Week 26 (NCT02008682)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | 76.5 |
| Sitagliptin | 52.6 |
Calculated as the percentage of subjects achieving treatment target of HbA1c <= 6.5% at Week 26 (NCT02008682)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | 61.7 |
| Sitagliptin | 26.3 |
The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 42) value. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Day 42
| Intervention | Ratio (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Part B-Placebo+Liraglutide | -0.018 |
| Part B-GSK2890457+Liraglutide | -0.009 |
| Part C-Placebo+Metformin | 0.002 |
| Part C-GSK2890457+Metformin | -0.001 |
Baseline was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline (Day -1) values from the post-Baseline value (Day 42). Adjusted mean is reported as LS mean. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Day 42 of Part B and C
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Part B-Placebo+Liraglutide | -0.384 |
| Part B-GSK2890457+Liraglutide | -0.230 |
| Part C-Placebo+Metformin | 0.136 |
| Part C-GSK2890457+Metformin | -0.387 |
Baseline was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline (Day -1) values from the post-Baseline value (Day 42). Adjusted mean is reported as LS mean. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Day 42
| Intervention | Percent of TL hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Part B-Placebo+Liraglutide | -0.214 |
| Part B-GSK2890457+Liraglutide | -0.278 |
| Part C-Placebo+Metformin | 0.018 |
| Part C-GSK2890457+Metformin | -0.201 |
HOMA-IR was calculated from the Day -1 and Day 42 fasting glucose and insulin values using dataset generated from the HOMA-2 model. It contained the estimates for HOMA-% insulin sensitivity (S) for pairs of fasting glucose and fasting insulin values. Study data was merged with the HOMA dataset by glucose and insulin. HOMA-IR was calculated as 100/HOMA-%S. HOMA-IR was not determined for any values outside the ranges of plasma glucose 3.5 to 25.0 mmol/L (63 - 450 mg/dL) and plasma insulin 20 to 400 pmol/L. Baseline was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline (Day -1) values from the post-Baseline value (Day 42). Data for Part C of the study was not collected because fasting glucose and insulin were not available at the specified time points. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Day 42
| Intervention | mU*mmol/L^2 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Part B-Placebo+Liraglutide | -0.150 |
| Part B-GSK2890457+Liraglutide | 0.017 |
The matsuda index was calculated from the Day -1 and Day 42 glucose and insulin results as 10,000 divided by (fasting plasma glucose x fasting plasma insulin x mean glucose at 0-2 hour post-dose x mean insulin at 0-2 hour post dose)^1/2, where glucose was measured in mmol/L and insulin in pmol/L. Baseline was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline (Day -1) values from the post-Baseline value (Day 42). Data for Part C of the study was not collected because fasting glucose and insulin were not available at the specified time points. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Day 42
| Intervention | Deciliter*mL/mg*mU (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Part B-Placebo+Liraglutide | -0.991 |
| Part B-GSK2890457+Liraglutide | -0.602 |
Hypoglycemia is defined as symptoms consistent with hypoglycemia (e.g. dizziness, light-headedness, shakiness) which are confirmed by glucometer measurement of complete blood count (CBG) or plasma glucose value of <50 milligram per deciliter (mg/dL) for Part A or <70 mg/dL for Parts B and C (when possible, CBG values were confirmed with a laboratory measurement). In situations when no glucose sample could be measured at the time of the event, the investigator, at his or her discretion, characterized an event as 'hypoglycemia' based on reported signs and symptoms alone. Healthy participant also had asymptomatic blood glucose values <70 mg/dL as a physiological response to altered food intake (e.g., fasting). (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Up to Follow-up (8 weeks)
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Part A-Placebo | 0 |
| Part A-GSK2890457 | 0 |
Hypoglycemia is defined as symptoms consistent with hypoglycemia (e.g. dizziness, light-headedness, shakiness) which are confirmed by glucometer measurement of CBG or plasma glucose value of <50 mg/dL for Part A or <70 mg/dL for Parts B and C (when possible, CBG values were confirmed with a laboratory measurement). In situations when no glucose sample could be measured at the time of the event, the investigator, at his or her discretion, characterized an event as 'hypoglycemia' based on reported signs and symptoms alone. Healthy participant also had asymptomatic blood glucose values <70 mg/dL as a physiological response to altered food intake (e.g., fasting). (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Up to Follow-up (8 weeks)
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Part B-Placebo+Liraglutide | 0 |
| Part B-GSK2890457+Liraglutide | 0 |
| Part C-Placebo+Metformin | 0 |
| Part C-GSK2890457+Metformin | 0 |
Blood samples were collected on Day -1 and 42 at pre-dose (0 hour), 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1, 1.5, 2, 4 (pre-lunch), 5.5, 6, 8, 10 (pre-dinner), 11.5, 12, 14 and 24 hours post dose. The AUC (0-t) was determined using the linear trapezoidal rule for increasing concentrations and the logarithmic trapezoidal rule for decreasing concentrations. The analysis population included Liraglutide Pharmacokinetic (PK) Population in Part B comprising of all participants in All Subjects Population for whom a PK sample was obtained and analyzed for Liraglutide. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Day -1 and 42 at pre-dose (0 hour), 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 5.5, 6, 8, 10, 11.5, 12, 14 and 24 hours post-dose
| Intervention | Hour*nanograms/mL (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Day -1 | Day 42 | |
| Part B-GSK2890457+Liraglutide | 1268.65 | 1265.92 |
| Part B-Placebo+Liraglutide | 2210.15 | 2505.23 |
Blood samples were collected on Day 1 and 42 at pre-dose (0 hour), 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1, 1.5, 2, 4 (pre-lunch), 5.5, 6, 8 and 10 (pre-dinner) hours post-dose. The AUC (0-10 hour) was determined using the linear trapezoidal rule for increasing concentrations and the logarithmic trapezoidal rule for decreasing concentrations. The analysis population included Metformin PK Population in Part A comprising of all participants in All Subjects Population for whom a PK sample was obtained and analyzed for metformin. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Day 1 and Day 42 at pre-dose (0 hour), 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 5.5, 6, 8 and 10 hours post-dose
| Intervention | Hour*nanograms/mL (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Day 1 | Day 42 | |
| Part A-GSK2890457 | 3402.6 | 2231.7 |
| Part A-Placebo | 4346.8 | 5081.9 |
The assessments were done pre-dose at Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day 1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1, Randomization) up to Day 42
| Intervention | g/L (Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albumin, Day 7 | Albumin, Day 14 | Albumin, Day 28 | Albumin, Day 42 | Total protein, Day 7 | Total protein, Day 14 | Total protein, Day 28 | Total protein, Day 42 | |
| Part A-GSK2890457 | -0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.0 | -2.1 | -1.2 | -2.2 | -3.1 |
| Part A-Placebo | 0.0 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 2.5 | -0.8 | -0.3 | 1.0 | 0.8 |
The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) up to Day 42
| Intervention | g/L (Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albumin, Day 7 | Albumin, Day 14 | Albumin, Day 28 | Albumin, Day 42 | Total protein, Day 7 | Total protein, Day 14 | Total protein, Day 28 | Total protein, Day 42 | |
| Part B-GSK2890457+Liraglutide | 3.1 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 0.4 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 3.2 | -0.6 |
| Part B-Placebo+Liraglutide | 2.0 | 2.7 | 1.8 | 0.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 3.2 | 0.5 |
| Part C-GSK2890457+Metformin | 0.5 | 1.6 | 1.9 | -1.3 | 1.1 | 2.2 | 3.1 | -1.5 |
| Part C-Placebo+Metformin | 1.3 | 0.8 | 2.3 | -0.8 | 1.0 | 1.7 | 2.8 | -0.7 |
The assessments were done pre-dose at Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day 1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1, Randomization) up to Day 42
| Intervention | International unit per liter (IU/L) (Mean) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALP, Day 7 | ALP, Day 14 | ALP, Day 28 | ALP, Day 42 | ALT, Day 7 | ALT, Day 14 | ALT, Day 28 | ALT, Day 42 | AST, Day 7 | AST, Day 14 | AST, Day 28 | AST, Day 42 | GGT, Day 7 | GGT, Day 14 | GGT, Day 28 | GGT, Day 42 | |
| Part A-GSK2890457 | -3.8 | -1.4 | -1.8 | -1.8 | -4.1 | -4.4 | -8.2 | -7.7 | -0.4 | 1.4 | -3.1 | -0.3 | -0.1 | -0.1 | -2.9 | -0.5 |
| Part A-Placebo | -6.0 | -1.3 | 0.0 | -1.0 | 5.5 | 1.3 | 2.0 | 5.3 | 2.3 | -2.3 | -0.8 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 2.5 |
The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) up to Day 42
| Intervention | IU/L (Mean) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALP, Day 7 | ALP, Day 14 | ALP, Day 28 | ALP, Day 42 | ALT, Day 7 | ALT, Day 14 | ALT, Day 28 | ALT, Day 42 | AST, Day 7 | AST, Day 14 | AST, Day 28 | AST, Day 42 | GGT, Day 7 | GGT, Day 14 | GGT, Day 28 | GGT, Day 42 | |
| Part B-GSK2890457+Liraglutide | 5.5 | 1.8 | 2.8 | 2.2 | -0.1 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 3.8 | -1.2 | -1.4 | 0.8 | 0.2 |
| Part B-Placebo+Liraglutide | 5.3 | 5.2 | -0.3 | 4.3 | -1.3 | -2.3 | -2.5 | -4.3 | -1.2 | -1.3 | -2.0 | -3.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.0 | -0.7 |
| Part C-GSK2890457+Metformin | -2.2 | -3.7 | -2.5 | -2.8 | -1.0 | -6.3 | -3.8 | -4.2 | 0.2 | -0.3 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 1.3 | 2.3 | 0.5 | -0.9 |
| Part C-Placebo+Metformin | 1.8 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 3.0 | 0.7 | -0.5 | -0.5 | -1.0 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 5.3 | 2.3 | -0.7 |
The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 42) value. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Day 42
| Intervention | Units (U)/L (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Amylase, Day 42 | Lipase, Day 42 | |
| Part B-GSK2890457+Liraglutide | 9.2 | 18.8 |
| Part B-Placebo+Liraglutide | 6.0 | 7.5 |
The assessments were done pre-dose at Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day 1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1, Randomization) up to Day 42
| Intervention | Micromoles (umol)/L (Mean) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Direct bilirubin, Day 7 | Direct bilirubin, Day 14 | Direct bilirubin, Day 28 | Direct bilirubin, Day 42 | Total bilirubin, Day 7 | Total bilirubin, Day 14 | Total bilirubin, Day 28 | Total bilirubin, Day 42 | Creatinine, Day 7 | Creatinine, Day 14 | Creatinine, Day 28 | Creatinine, Day 42 | Uric acid, Day 7 | Uric acid, Day 14 | Uric acid, Day 28 | Uric acid, Day 42 | |
| Part A-GSK2890457 | -0.311 | -0.466 | -0.855 | -0.171 | -0.777 | -0.933 | -2.565 | 0.513 | -6.4 | -4.8 | -7.1 | -8.8 | -10.3 | -17.8 | 4.2 | -26.2 |
| Part A-Placebo | 0.000 | 0.428 | -0.428 | -0.855 | 0.000 | 0.428 | 1.283 | 0.855 | 2.2 | -4.4 | 0.0 | -2.2 | -7.4 | -14.9 | -1.5 | -7.4 |
The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) up to Day 42
| Intervention | umol/L (Mean) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Direct bilirubin, Day 7 | Direct bilirubin, Day 14 | Direct bilirubin, Day 28 | Direct bilirubin, Day 42 | Total bilirubin, Day 7 | Total bilirubin, Day 14 | Total bilirubin, Day 28 | Total bilirubin, Day 42 | Creatinine, Day 7 | Creatinine, Day 14 | Creatinine, Day 28 | Creatinine, Day 42 | Uric acid, Day 7 | Uric acid, Day 14 | Uric acid, Day 28 | Uric acid, Day 42 | |
| Part B-GSK2890457+Liraglutide | -0.208 | -0.305 | -0.197 | -0.197 | -0.855 | -0.611 | 0.132 | 0.263 | 3.0 | 4.2 | 2.0 | -2.4 | 25.1 | 15.3 | 16.9 | 7.8 |
| Part B-Placebo+Liraglutide | 0.542 | 0.314 | 0.513 | 0.599 | 0.570 | -0.570 | -0.000 | -1.425 | 4.6 | -0.1 | 1.9 | -1.0 | 15.9 | -11.9 | 2.0 | -5.0 |
| Part C-GSK2890457+Metformin | -0.200 | -0.185 | -0.014 | -0.328 | 0.000 | 0.285 | 0.998 | -0.428 | 3.4 | 4.6 | 8.2 | -0.8 | 9.9 | 25.3 | 34.7 | 0.5 |
| Part C-Placebo+Metformin | -0.513 | -0.086 | -0.171 | -0.200 | -3.705 | -0.855 | -0.855 | -0.285 | 6.9 | 5.7 | 4.9 | 0.6 | 3.0 | -21.8 | -13.9 | 9.9 |
The electrolytes include calcium, chloride, carbon dioxide content/bicarbonate, potassium, magnesium and sodium. Assessments were done pre-dose at on Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day 1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1, Randomization) up to Day 42
| Intervention | Millimoles (mmol)/L (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calcium, Day 7 | Calcium, Day 14 | Calcium, Day 28 | Calcium, Day 42 | Chloride, Day 7 | Chloride, Day 14 | Chloride, Day 28 | Chloride, Day 42 | Carbon dioxide/Bicarbonate, Day 7 | Carbon dioxide/Bicarbonate, Day 14 | Carbon dioxide/Bicarbonate, Day 28 | Carbon dioxide/Bicarbonate, Day 42 | Glucose, Day 7 | Glucose, Day 14 | Glucose, Day 28 | Glucose, Day 42 | Potassium, Day 7 | Potassium, Day 14 | Potassium, Day 28 | Potassium, Day 42 | Magnesium, Day 7 | Magnesium, Day 14 | Magnesium, Day 28 | Magnesium, Day 42 | Sodium, Day 7 | Sodium, Day 14 | Sodium, Day 28 | Sodium, Day 42 | Urea/BUN, Day 7 | Urea/BUN, Day 14 | Urea/BUN, Day 28 | Urea/BUN, Day 42 | Phosphorus inorganic, Day 7 | Phosphorus inorganic, Day 14 | Phosphorus inorganic, Day 28 | Phosphorus inorganic, Day 42 | |
| Part A-GSK2890457 | -0.023 | -0.023 | -0.010 | -0.022 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 | -1.2 | -1.9 | -1.2 | -2.8 | -0.1 | -0.3 | -0.2 | -0.3 | -0.15 | -0.15 | -0.13 | -0.16 | -0.0299 | -0.0486 | -0.0288 | -0.0247 | 0.8 | -0.2 | 1.9 | -0.6 | -0.325 | -0.746 | -0.643 | -0.678 | -0.04 | -0.05 | -0.09 | -0.03 |
| Part A-Placebo | -0.025 | 0.056 | 0.056 | 0.050 | 0.8 | 1.0 | -1.5 | -0.8 | 0.3 | -1.0 | -0.5 | -2.5 | -0.0 | -0.0 | -0.1 | -0.2 | 0.15 | 0.20 | -0.07 | 0.30 | -0.0206 | -0.0617 | -0.0411 | -0.0308 | 0.3 | -0.3 | 1.0 | -1.3 | -0.179 | -0.268 | -0.536 | -0.625 | -0.07 | -0.14 | -0.02 | 0.01 |
The electrolytes include calcium, chloride, carbon dioxide content/bicarbonate, potassium, magnesium and sodium. Assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) up to Day 42
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calcium, Day 7 | Calcium, Day 14 | Calcium, Day 28 | Calcium, Day 42 | Chloride, Day 7 | Chloride, Day 14 | Chloride, Day 28 | Chloride, Day 42 | Carbon dioxide/Bicarbonate, Day 7 | Carbon dioxide/Bicarbonate, Day 14 | Carbon dioxide/Bicarbonate, Day 28 | Carbon dioxide/Bicarbonate, Day 42 | Glucose, Day 7 | Glucose, Day 14 | Glucose, Day 28 | Glucose, Day 42 | Potassium, Day 7 | Potassium, Day 14 | Potassium, Day 28 | Potassium, Day 42 | Magnesium, Day 7 | Magnesium, Day 14 | Magnesium, Day 28 | Magnesium, Day 42 | Sodium, Day 7 | Sodium, Day 14 | Sodium, Day 28 | Sodium, Day 42 | Urea/BUN, Day 7 | Urea/BUN, Day 14 | Urea/BUN, Day 28 | Urea/BUN, Day 42 | Cholesterol, Day 42 | Phosphorus inorganic, Day 7 | Phosphorus inorganic, Day 14 | Phosphorus inorganic, Day 28 | Phosphorus inorganic, Day 42 | |
| Part B-GSK2890457+Liraglutide | 0.053 | 0.041 | 0.046 | -0.040 | -1.2 | -0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | -2.0 | -1.9 | -0.4 | -1.8 | 0.3 | 0.2 | -0.2 | -0.1 | 0.09 | 0.20 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.0294 | 0.0176 | 0.0379 | 0.0063 | 0.2 | 1.4 | 1.7 | -0.4 | 0.383 | 0.128 | 0.302 | -0.412 | -0.103 | 0.01 | 0.05 | -0.01 | -0.04 |
| Part B-Placebo+Liraglutide | 0.083 | 0.050 | 0.021 | -0.025 | -1.5 | -0.8 | 0.8 | -1.0 | 0.0 | -1.8 | -1.0 | 0.5 | -0.3 | -0.1 | -0.1 | 0.2 | 0.33 | 0.17 | 0.28 | -0.05 | 0.0206 | -0.0206 | 0.0274 | -0.0137 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 0.5 | -0.000 | -0.297 | 0.119 | -0.595 | -0.853 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.01 |
| Part C-GSK2890457+Metformin | -0.004 | 0.017 | 0.035 | -0.056 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.3 | -0.6 | -0.7 | -0.3 | -1.3 | -1.7 | -2.2 | -2.0 | 0.1 | 0.06 | 0.07 | -0.07 | 0.08 | -0.0206 | 0.0206 | 0.0240 | -0.0171 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 0.6 | -1.0 | -0.208 | -0.268 | 0.863 | -0.387 | -0.155 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.12 | -0.00 |
| Part C-Placebo+Metformin | 0.025 | 0.067 | 0.004 | -0.071 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.5 | -2.0 | -2.0 | -2.3 | -2.8 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 0.28 | 0.17 | 0.10 | -0.05 | 0.0206 | 0.0069 | 0.0411 | -0.0274 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.0 | -1.0 | 0.179 | 0.178 | 0.714 | -0.655 | -0.052 | -0.03 | -0.10 | -0.12 | -0.05 |
The assessments were done pre-dose at Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day 1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1, Randomization) up to Day 42
| Intervention | Picomoles (pmol)/L (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 7 | Day 14 | Day 28 | Day 42 | |
| Part A-GSK2890457 | 12.516 | 1.973 | 8.969 | -13.735 |
| Part A-Placebo | -1.256 | 8.072 | -11.659 | -22.721 |
The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) up to Day 42
| Intervention | pmol/L (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 7 | Day 14 | Day 28 | Day 42 | |
| Part B-GSK2890457+Liraglutide | -20.05 | -9.62 | -35.18 | -8.12 |
| Part B-Placebo+Liraglutide | -20.21 | -21.65 | -53.41 | -12.99 |
| Part C-GSK2890457+Metformin | -29.59 | -41.14 | -7.22 | 35.28 |
| Part C-Placebo+Metformin | 45.11 | -79.39 | 34.28 | 34.28 |
The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 7 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) up to Day 42
| Intervention | Milliunits (mu/L) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Day 42 | |
| Part B-Placebo+Liraglutide | 0.137 |
| Part C-GSK2890457+Metformin | 0.149 |
| Part C-Placebo+Metformin | -0.187 |
The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 7 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) up to Day 42
| Intervention | Milliunits (mu/L) (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Day 7 | Day 42 | |
| Part B-GSK2890457+Liraglutide | -5.790 | -0.067 |
The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 42) value. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Day 42
| Intervention | Nanomoles (nmol)/L (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Total thyroxine | Total T3 | |
| Part B-GSK2890457+Liraglutide | 1.0891 | 0.1 |
| Part B-Placebo+Liraglutide | 0.8578 | -0.3 |
| Part C-GSK2890457+Metformin | -2.3597 | -0.2 |
| Part C-Placebo+Metformin | -5.1478 | -0.2 |
Single 12-lead ECGs was obtained after participants rested in a supine position for at least 10 minutes using an ECG machine that automatically calculated the HR and measured PR, QRS, QT, QTcB, QTcF and RR intervals. The assessments were done at Day -1 (pre-dose, triplicate), Day 42 (pre-dose) and Follow-up Visit. Baseline value was defined as the average of the triplicate pre-dose assessments done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 42 and Follow-up) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) up to Follow-up (Day 56)
| Intervention | Milliseconds (Mean) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PR Interval, Day 42 | PR Interval, Follow-up | QRS Duration, Day 42 | QRS Duration, Follow-up | QT Interval, Day 42 | QT Interval, Follow-up | QTcB, Day 42 | QTcB, Follow-up | QTcF, Day 42 | QTcF, Follow-up | RR Interval, Day 42 | RR Interval, Follow-up | |
| Part B-GSK2890457+Liraglutide | 3.08 | -3.69 | -2.62 | -1.69 | -1.69 | -5.69 | -1.51 | -10.95 | -1.49 | -9.10 | -0.00 | 0.02 |
| Part B-Placebo+Liraglutide | 5.56 | -1.11 | 0.78 | 0.11 | 8.11 | 1.44 | -2.87 | -5.89 | 1.17 | -3.17 | 0.04 | 0.03 |
| Part C-GSK2890457+Metformin | -4.44 | -6.28 | -1.06 | 0.11 | 0.78 | -5.56 | -4.23 | -2.14 | -2.58 | -3.50 | 0.02 | -0.01 |
| Part C-Placebo+Metformin | -6.44 | -3.11 | 0.11 | 0.78 | 2.78 | 0.78 | 0.43 | -3.20 | 1.22 | -1.78 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
Single 12-lead ECGs was obtained after participants rested in a supine position for at least 10 minutes using an ECG machine that automatically calculated the HR and measured PR, QRS, QT, QT duration corrected for HR by Fridericia's formula (QTcF) and QT duration corrected for HR by Bazett's formula (QTcB intervals. The assessments were done at Day 1 (pre-dose, triplicate), Day 42 (pre-dose) and Follow-up Visit. Baseline value was defined as the average of the triplicate pre-dose assessments done on Day 1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 42 and Follow-up) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1, Randomization) up to Follow-up (Day 56)
| Intervention | Milliseconds (Mean) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PR Interval, Day 42 | PR Interval, Follow-up | QRS Duration, Day 42 | QRS Duration, Follow-up | QT Interval, Day 42 | QT Interval, Follow-up | QTcB, Day 42 | QTcB, Follow-up | QTcF, Day 42 | QTcF, Follow-up | |
| Part A-GSK2890457 | 1.1 | 1.5 | -2.1 | -0.7 | 16.4 | -10.2 | -3.3 | 6.3 | 3.2 | 0.7 |
| Part A-Placebo | 6.3 | 9.0 | 2.2 | 3.9 | 10.8 | 0.3 | 8.2 | 6.9 | 9.1 | 4.8 |
Two fasting samples 5 minutes apart were taken for insulin. Baseline insulin level was the average of the 2 fasting samples. For insulin weighted mean AUC (0-4 hour) and weighted mean AUC (0-24 hour) was calculated for Baseline (Day -1) and end of treatment (Day 42). AUC was calculated using the linear trapezoid method that is the sum of the areas between each chronological pair of assessments at the time points (at Day -1 and Day 42). The weighted mean was then calculated by dividing the AUC by the length of the time interval over which it was calculated. Baseline was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline (Day -1) values from the post-Baseline value (Day 42). Data is reported for weighted mean insulin AUC (0-4 hour) post-breakfast and AUC (0-24 hour) post-breakfast. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Day 42
| Intervention | pmol/L (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Fasting Insulin | Insulin Weighted Mean AUC 0-4 hour | Insulin Weighted Mean AUC 0-24 hour | |
| Part B-GSK2890457+Liraglutide | 1.133 | 14.589 | -13.905 |
| Part B-Placebo+Liraglutide | -4.887 | 69.635 | 1.626 |
| Part C-GSK2890457+Metformin | 12.300 | 10.322 | 17.134 |
| Part C-Placebo+Metformin | -11.946 | 57.887 | 22.740 |
The assessments were done at Day -1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28, Day 42 and Follow-up Visit. Baseline was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline (Day -1) values from the post-Baseline (Day 7, 14, 28, 42 and Follow-up visit) values. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) up to Follow-up (Day 56)
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 7 | Day 14 | Day 28 | Day 42 | Follow-up | |
| Part B-GSK2890457+Liraglutide | 0.285 | 0.210 | -0.201 | -0.098 | 0.444 |
| Part B-Placebo+Liraglutide | -0.278 | -0.093 | -0.111 | 0.194 | 0.962 |
| Part C-GSK2890457+Metformin | -1.665 | -2.216 | -1.989 | 0.074 | -1.226 |
| Part C-Placebo+Metformin | 0.879 | 0.518 | 1.536 | 1.184 | 1.249 |
The assessments were done pre-dose at Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day 1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1, Randomization) up to Day 42
| Intervention | Ratio (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 7 | Day 14 | Day 28 | Day 42 | |
| Part A-GSK2890457 | -0.0128 | -0.0026 | -0.0066 | -0.0089 |
| Part A-Placebo | 0.0000 | 0.0128 | 0.0228 | 0.0060 |
The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) up to Day 42
| Intervention | Ratio (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 7 | Day 14 | Day 28 | Day 42 | |
| Part B-GSK2890457+Liraglutide | 0.0019 | 0.0011 | -0.0003 | -0.0025 |
| Part B-Placebo+Liraglutide | 0.0032 | -0.0028 | -0.0003 | -0.0022 |
| Part C-GSK2890457+Metformin | -0.0072 | -0.0036 | 0.0003 | -0.0159 |
| Part C-Placebo+Metformin | -0.0082 | 0.0057 | -0.0010 | -0.0087 |
The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) up to Day 42
| Intervention | Picograms (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 7 | Day 14 | Day 28 | Day 42 | |
| Part B-GSK2890457+Liraglutide | -0.21 | -0.10 | 0.01 | 0.08 |
| Part B-Placebo+Liraglutide | -0.02 | 0.18 | 0.17 | -0.12 |
| Part C-GSK2890457+Metformin | -0.18 | 0.03 | -0.08 | 0.02 |
| Part C-Placebo+Metformin | -0.23 | -0.25 | -0.20 | -0.28 |
The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) up to Day 42
| Intervention | Femtoliters (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 7 | Day 14 | Day 28 | Day 42 | |
| Part B-GSK2890457+Liraglutide | 0.39 | 0.54 | 0.55 | 0.07 |
| Part B-Placebo+Liraglutide | 0.35 | 0.02 | 0.05 | -0.90 |
| Part C-GSK2890457+Metformin | 0.25 | 0.76 | 0.17 | -0.27 |
| Part C-Placebo+Metformin | 0.40 | -0.47 | -0.18 | -0.78 |
The assessments were done pre-dose at Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day 1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1, Randomization) up to Day 42
| Intervention | Picograms (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 7 | Day 14 | Day 28 | Day 42 | |
| Part A-GSK2890457 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.37 | 0.89 |
| Part A-Placebo | 0.25 | 0.27 | 0.70 | 1.40 |
The assessments were done pre-dose at Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day 1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1, Randomization) up to Day 42
| Intervention | Femtoliters (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 7 | Day 14 | Day 28 | Day 42 | |
| Part A-GSK2890457 | -0.55 | 0.95 | -0.62 | 0.35 |
| Part A-Placebo | 0.15 | 0.85 | -0.30 | -0.90 |
The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) up to Day 42
| Intervention | GI/L (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basophils, Day 7 | Basophils, Day 14 | Basophils, Day 28 | Basophils, Day 42 | Eosinophils, Day 7 | Eosinophils, Day 14 | Eosinophils, Day 28 | Eosinophils, Day 42 | Lymphocytes, Day 7 | Lymphocytes, Day 14 | Lymphocytes, Day 28 | Lymphocytes, Day 42 | Monocytes, Day 7 | Monocytes, Day 14 | Monocytes, Day 28 | Monocytes, Day 42 | Total Neutrophils, Day 7 | Total Neutrophils, Day 14 | Total Neutrophils, Day 28 | Total Neutrophils, Day 42 | Platelet count, Day 7 | Platelet count, Day 14 | Platelet count, Day 28 | Platelet count, Day 42 | WBC count, Day 7 | WBC count, Day 14 | WBC count, Day 28 | WBC count, Day 42 | |
| Part B-GSK2890457+Liraglutide | 0.0047 | 0.0041 | 0.0050 | 0.0019 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.11 | 0.04 | 0.05 | -0.11 | -0.01 | -0.04 | -0.03 | -0.06 | -0.13 | -0.19 | -0.17 | -0.14 | 8.9 | 7.0 | 10.8 | -13.2 | -0.01 | -0.17 | -0.13 | -0.26 |
| Part B-Placebo+Liraglutide | 0.0270 | 0.0037 | -0.0002 | 0.0098 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.31 | 0.18 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.04 | -0.05 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.27 | 0.38 | -0.01 | -0.24 | 18.3 | 12.8 | 4.5 | -2.0 | 0.65 | 0.52 | 0.08 | -0.20 |
| Part C-GSK2890457+Metformin | -0.0078 | -0.0066 | -0.0068 | -0.0122 | -0.03 | -0.00 | -0.00 | -0.01 | 0.14 | 0.18 | 0.25 | -0.07 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.03 | -0.03 | 0.38 | 0.64 | 0.36 | -0.10 | 5.8 | 12.9 | 10.4 | -15.3 | 0.48 | 0.88 | 0.63 | -0.22 |
| Part C-Placebo+Metformin | 0.0047 | -0.0015 | -0.0065 | -0.0190 | -0.01 | -0.02 | 0.01 | -0.02 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.05 | -0.11 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.06 | -0.00 | -0.54 | -0.27 | -0.48 | -0.50 | 5.0 | 1.2 | 0.5 | -13.8 | -0.43 | -0.13 | -0.35 | -0.62 |
The assessments were done pre-dose at Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day 1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1, Randomization) up to Day 42
| Intervention | Giga cells (GI)/L (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basophils, Day 7 | Basophils, Day 14 | Basophils, Day 28 | Basophils, Day 42 | Eosinophils, Day 7 | Eosinophils, Day 14 | Eosinophils, Day 28 | Eosinophils, Day 42 | Lymphocytes, Day 7 | Lymphocytes, Day 14 | Lymphocytes, Day 28 | Lymphocytes, Day 42 | Monocytes, Day 7 | Monocytes, Day 14 | Monocytes, Day 28 | Monocytes, Day 42 | Total Neutrophils, Day 7 | Total Neutrophils, Day 14 | Total Neutrophils, Day 28 | Total Neutrophils, Day 42 | Platelet count, Day 7 | Platelet count, Day 14 | Platelet count, Day 28 | Platelet count, Day 42 | WBC count, Day 7 | WBC count, Day 14 | WBC count, Day 28 | WBC count, Day 42 | |
| Part A-GSK2890457 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | -0.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | -0.01 | -0.06 | -0.32 | 0.05 | -0.05 | -0.05 | 0.01 | -0.06 | 0.02 | -0.13 | 0.14 | -0.01 | -1.9 | 3.8 | 9.7 | 3.1 | -0.11 | -0.15 | -0.16 | -0.01 |
| Part A-Placebo | 0.00 | -0.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 | -0.03 | -0.03 | 0.10 | 0.03 | -0.22 | -0.22 | -0.23 | 0.15 | -0.08 | -0.10 | -0.05 | -0.05 | 0.15 | 0.50 | -0.32 | 0.48 | -4.8 | -14.0 | -11.5 | -8.8 | -0.15 | 0.18 | -0.50 | 0.65 |
The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) up to Day 42
| Intervention | g/L (Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hemoglobin, Day 7 | Hemoglobin, Day 14 | Hemoglobin, Day 28 | Hemoglobin, Day 42 | MCHC, Day 7 | MCHC, Day 14 | MCHC, Day 28 | MCHC, Day 42 | |
| Part B-GSK2890457+Liraglutide | -1.0 | -1.1 | -1.1 | -0.8 | -4.1 | -3.8 | -1.9 | 0.2 |
| Part B-Placebo+Liraglutide | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.0 | -2.0 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 2.0 |
| Part C-GSK2890457+Metformin | -3.4 | -2.1 | -0.3 | -4.8 | -2.8 | -2.6 | -1.4 | 0.8 |
| Part C-Placebo+Metformin | -4.3 | 1.7 | -1.2 | -2.8 | -4.5 | -1.2 | -2.0 | -0.2 |
The assessments were done pre-dose at Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day 1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1, Randomization) up to Day 42
| Intervention | g/L (Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hemoglobin, Day 7 | Hemoglobin, Day 14 | Hemoglobin, Day 28 | Hemoglobin, Day 42 | MCHC, Day 7 | MCHC, Day 14 | MCHC, Day 28 | MCHC, Day 42 | |
| Part A-GSK2890457 | -2.0 | -0.9 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 5.4 | 0.0 | 6.3 | 9.0 |
| Part A-Placebo | 0.8 | 4.0 | 11.3 | 9.8 | 1.8 | -0.5 | 8.5 | 17.5 |
The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) up to Day 42
| Intervention | TI/L (Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RBC count, Day 7 | RBC count, Day 14 | RBC count, Day 28 | RBC count, Day 42 | Reticulocytes, Day 7 | Reticulocytes, Day 14 | Reticulocytes, Day 28 | Reticulocytes, Day 42 | |
| Part B-GSK2890457+Liraglutide | 0.004 | -0.011 | -0.023 | -0.031 | -0.0003 | 0.0095 | 0.0035 | 0.0096 |
| Part B-Placebo+Liraglutide | 0.018 | -0.030 | 0.002 | 0.032 | 0.0020 | -0.0019 | 0.0029 | 0.0062 |
| Part C-GSK2890457+Metformin | -0.085 | -0.072 | -0.003 | -0.168 | -0.0015 | 0.0147 | -0.0052 | -0.0042 |
| Part C-Placebo+Metformin | -0.107 | 0.093 | 0.020 | -0.053 | -0.0210 | -0.0286 | -0.0304 | -0.0200 |
The assessments were done pre-dose at Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day 1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1, Randomization) up to Day 42
| Intervention | Trillion cells (TI)/L (Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RBC count, Day 7 | RBC count, Day 14 | RBC count, Day 28 | RBC count, Day 42 | Reticulocytes, Day 7 | Reticulocytes, Day 14 | Reticulocytes, Day 28 | Reticulocytes, Day 42 | |
| Part A-GSK2890457 | -0.116 | -0.084 | -0.045 | -0.115 | 0.0014 | -0.0017 | 0.0071 | 0.0044 |
| Part A-Placebo | -0.008 | 0.090 | 0.258 | 0.107 | 0.0115 | 0.0077 | 0.0073 | 0.0022 |
During the assessment of body weight in the unit, the participant wore lightweight indoor clothing and removed shoes. The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28, Day 42 and Day 43. Baseline value was defined as the average of Day -1 and Day 1 values. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. Day 42 value was the average of Day 42 and Day 43 values. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1 and Day 1) up to Day 42
| Intervention | Kilograms (kg) (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 7 | Day 14 | Day 28 | Day 42 | |
| Part B-GSK2890457+Liraglutide | 0.20 | 0.05 | 0.47 | -0.39 |
| Part B-Placebo+Liraglutide | -0.12 | 0.37 | 0.15 | -0.74 |
| Part C-GSK2890457+Metformin | 0.47 | 0.56 | 0.27 | 0.42 |
| Part C-Placebo+Metformin | 0.28 | 0.61 | 0.52 | -0.47 |
The impact of GI symptoms on health-related quality of life was assessed using the GSRS. The GSRS is a 15-item related to abdominal pain, reflux, indigestion, diarrhea and constipation syndromes, self-administered questionnaire that assesses the impact of gastrointestinal symptoms during the past week on a scale from 1 (no discomfort at all) to 7 (very severe discomfort). Overall GSRS was the mean of items 1 to 15. Possible overall scores range from 1 to 7, with lower scores indicating a better quality of life with respect to GI symptoms and higher scores indicating a lower quality of life with respect to GI symptoms. Baseline was defined as the assessment done on Day 1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, 14 and 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1, Randomization) up to Day 42
| Intervention | Scores on scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Day 7 | Day 14 | Day 42 | |
| Part A-GSK2890457 | 0.08 | 0.04 | -0.02 |
| Part A-Placebo | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.02 |
The impact of GI symptoms on health-related quality of life was assessed using the GSRS. The GSRS is a 15-item related to abdominal pain, reflux, indigestion, diarrhea and constipation syndromes, self-administered questionnaire that assesses the impact of gastrointestinal symptoms during the past week on a scale from 1 (no discomfort at all) to 7 (very severe discomfort). Overall GSRS was the mean of items 1 to 15. Possible overall scores range from 1 to 7, with lower scores indicating a better quality of life with respect to GI symptoms and higher scores indicating a lower quality of life with respect to GI symptoms. Baseline was defined as the assessment done on Day -2. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, 14, 28 and 41) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -2) up to Day 41
| Intervention | Scores on scale (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 7 | Day 14 | Day 28 | Day 41 | |
| Part B-GSK2890457+Liraglutide | -0.03 | 0.05 | 0.03 | -0.12 |
| Part B-Placebo+Liraglutide | 0.03 | -0.09 | -0.21 | -0.11 |
| Part C-GSK2890457+Metformin | 0.13 | 0.28 | 0.27 | 0.10 |
| Part C-Placebo+Metformin | 0.24 | 0.20 | 0.14 | 0.02 |
Vital sign assessments were performed after resting in a supine or semi-supine position for at least 10 minutes. The assessments were done pre-dose at Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day 1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1, Randomization) up to Day 42
| Intervention | Beats per minute (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 7 | Day 14 | Day 28 | Day 42 | |
| Part A-GSK2890457 | 4.6 | 0.6 | 3.3 | -4.4 |
| Part A-Placebo | 8.0 | 6.3 | 5.5 | -1.3 |
Vital sign assessments were performed after resting in a supine or semi-supine position for at least 10 minutes. The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) up to Day 42
| Intervention | Beats per minute (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 7 | Day 14 | Day 28 | Day 42 | |
| Part B-GSK2890457+Liraglutide | 0.3 | 0.4 | 3.7 | 1.6 |
| Part B-Placebo+Liraglutide | -3.6 | -3.3 | -7.8 | -4.8 |
| Part C-GSK2890457+Metformin | 1.6 | 3.6 | 1.5 | 0.5 |
| Part C-Placebo+Metformin | 0.1 | 0.8 | 1.8 | -3.2 |
Vital sign assessments were performed after resting in a supine or semi-supine position for at least 10 minutes. The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) up to Day 42
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SBP, Day 7 | SBP, Day 14 | SBP, Day 28 | SBP, Day 42 | DBP, Day 7 | DBP, Day 14 | DBP, Day 28 | DBP, Day 42 | |
| Part B-GSK2890457+Liraglutide | 2.0 | 3.6 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.8 |
| Part B-Placebo+Liraglutide | 1.6 | 5.6 | -0.6 | -2.6 | -2.4 | 2.1 | -3.3 | -1.5 |
| Part C-GSK2890457+Metformin | -3.7 | -2.8 | -7.4 | -3.0 | -0.8 | -2.5 | -3.4 | -3.2 |
| Part C-Placebo+Metformin | 3.2 | 3.2 | 4.5 | 0.0 | 0.9 | -0.8 | -0.4 | 1.1 |
Vital sign assessments were performed after resting in a supine or semi-supine position for at least 10 minutes. The assessments were done pre-dose at Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Baseline value was defined as the assessment done on Day 1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day 1, Randomization) up to Day 42
| Intervention | Millimeters of mercury (mmHg) (Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SBP, Day 7 | SBP, Day 14 | SBP, Day 28 | SBP, Day 42 | DBP, Day 7 | DBP, Day 14 | DBP, Day 28 | DBP, Day 42 | |
| Part A-GSK2890457 | -4.0 | -3.9 | -5.5 | -7.5 | -6.2 | -5.0 | -8.4 | -6.4 |
| Part A-Placebo | 0.8 | -0.5 | -3.3 | -1.0 | -5.3 | -1.8 | -1.3 | -0.8 |
AUC was calculated using the linear trapezoid method that is the sum of the areas between each chronological pair of assessments at the time points (at Day -1 and Day 42). The weighted mean was then calculated by dividing the AUC by the length of the time interval over which it was calculated. Baseline was defined as the assessment done on Day -1. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline (Day -1) values from the post-Baseline value (Day 42). Data is reported for weighted mean glucose AUC (0-4 hour) post-breakfast and AUC (0-24 hour) post-breakfast. Adjusted mean is reported as least square (LS) mean. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Day 42
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| AUC (0-4 hour) | AUC (0-24 hour) | |
| Part B-GSK2890457+Liraglutide | -0.164 | -0.968 |
| Part B-Placebo+Liraglutide | 0.018 | -0.613 |
| Part C-GSK2890457+Metformin | 0.341 | 0.156 |
| Part C-Placebo+Metformin | 1.194 | 1.376 |
Blood samples were collected on Day 1 and 42 at pre-dose (0 hour), 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1, 1.5, 2, 4 (pre-lunch), 5.5, 6, 8 and 10 (pre-dinner) hours post-dose. The first occurrence of the Cmax was determined directly from the raw concentration-time data. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Day 1 and Day 42 at pre-dose (0 hour), 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 5.5, 6, 8 and 10 hours post-dose
| Intervention | Nanograms/mL (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Day 1 | Day 42 | |
| Part A-GSK2890457 | 576.2 | 374.1 |
| Part A-Placebo | 681.8 | 860.1 |
Blood samples were collected on Day -1 and 42 at pre-dose (0 hour), 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1, 1.5, 2, 4 (pre-lunch), 5.5, 6, 8, 10 (pre-dinner), 11.5, 12, 14 and 24 hours post-dose. The first occurrence of the Cmax was determined directly from the raw concentration-time data. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Day -1 and 42 at pre-dose (0 hour), 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 5.5, 6, 8, 10, 11.5, 12, 14 and 24 hours post-dose
| Intervention | Nanograms/mL (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Day -1 | Day 42 | |
| Part B-GSK2890457+Liraglutide | 72.24 | 70.86 |
| Part B-Placebo+Liraglutide | 120.00 | 128.57 |
Urinalysis parameter included urine pH. pH was calculated on a scale of 0 to 14, such that, the lower the number, more acidic the urine and higher the number, more alkaline the urine with 7 being neutral. The assessments were done pre-dose on Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: up to Day 42
| Intervention | pH (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 1 | Day 7 | Day 14 | Day 28 | Day 42 | |
| Part A-GSK2890457 | 5.95 | 5.86 | 5.91 | 6.05 | 6.20 |
| Part A-Placebo | 5.25 | 5.88 | 5.50 | 6.13 | 5.63 |
Urinalysis parameter included urine pH. pH was calculated on a scale of 0 to 14, such that, the lower the number, more acidic the urine and higher the number, more alkaline the urine with 7 being neutral. The assessments were done pre-dose on Day -1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Up to Day 42
| Intervention | pH (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day -1 | Day 7 | Day 14 | Day 28 | Day 42 | |
| Part B-GSK2890457+Liraglutide | 6.25 | 5.89 | 6.07 | 5.96 | 6.08 |
| Part B-Placebo+Liraglutide | 5.92 | 5.83 | 5.67 | 5.75 | 6.00 |
| Part C-GSK2890457+Metformin | 5.83 | 5.42 | 5.63 | 5.63 | 5.58 |
| Part C-Placebo+Metformin | 5.67 | 5.83 | 5.67 | 5.67 | 5.58 |
Urinary specific gravity is a measure of the concentration of solutes in urine. It measures the ratio of urine density compared with water density and provides information on the kidney's ability to concentrate urine. The assessments were done pre-dose at Da y 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Up to Day 42
| Intervention | Ratio (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 1 | Day 7 | Day 14 | Day 28 | Day 42 | |
| Part A-GSK2890457 | 1.0175 | 1.0165 | 1.0152 | 1.0122 | 1.0161 |
| Part A-Placebo | 1.0193 | 1.0133 | 1.0153 | 1.0125 | 1.0155 |
Urinary specific gravity is a measure of the concentration of solutes in urine. It measures the ratio of urine density compared with water density and provides information on the kidney's ability to concentrate urine. The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Up to Day 42
| Intervention | Ratio (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day -1 | Day 7 | Day 14 | Day 28 | Day 42 | |
| Part B-GSK2890457+Liraglutide | 1.0174 | 1.0191 | 1.0196 | 1.0239 | 1.0188 |
| Part B-Placebo+Liraglutide | 1.0168 | 1.0208 | 1.0202 | 1.0232 | 1.0137 |
| Part C-GSK2890457+Metformin | 1.0187 | 1.0208 | 1.0201 | 1.0213 | 1.0172 |
| Part C-Placebo+Metformin | 1.0172 | 1.0197 | 1.0198 | 1.0213 | 1.0110 |
The assessments were done pre-dose at Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Only those parameters for which at least one value of abnormal urinalysis result was reported are summarized. The participants were categorized as rare, trace, +1, 2+, RBC's and WBC's as <1, 1, 2, 3 and 4. Protein concentration ranged from trace to 1+, where trace indicated lowest concentration and 1+ indicated highest concentration. Trace was the highest concentration for occult blood. Bacteria concentration ranged from rare to moderate, where rare indicated lowest concentration and moderate indicated highest concentration. Ketones ranged from trace to 1+, where trace indicated lowest concentration and 1+ indicated highest concentration. RBC and WBC ranged from <1 to 4, where <1 indicated lowest concentration and 4 indicated highest concentration. Highest concentration indicated worse outcome. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Up to Day 42
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protein, Trace, Day 1 | Protein, Trace, Day 7 | Protein, 1+, Day 7 | Protein, Trace, Day 14 | Protein, Trace, Day 28 | Protein, Trace, Day 42 | Bacteria, Rare, Day 1 | Bacteria, Rare, Day 42 | Bacteria, Moderate, Day 42 | Occult blood, Trace, Day 1 | Occult blood, Trace, Day 14 | Occult blood, Trace, Day 28 | Ketones, 1+, Day 1 | Ketones, 1+, Day 7 | Ketones, Trace, Day 14 | Ketones, Trace, Day 28 | Ketones, Trace, Day 42 | RBC's, 1, Day 1 | RBC's, 3, Day 1 | RBC's, <1, Day 1 | RBC's, 1, Day 7 | RBC's, <1, Day 7 | RBC's, 2, Day 14 | RBC's, <1, Day 14 | RBC's, 1, Day 28 | RBC's, <1, Day 28 | RBC's, 1, Day 42 | RBC's, 2, Day 42 | RBC's, <1, Day 42 | WBC's, 1, Day 1 | WBC's, <1, Day 1 | WBC's, 1, Day 7 | WBC's, <1, Day 7 | WBC's, 2, Day 14 | WBC's, <1, Day 14 | WBC's, 1, Day 28 | WBC's, <1, Day 28 | WBC's, 1, Day 42 | WBC's, 2, Day 42 | WBC's, 4, Day 42 | |
| Part A-GSK2890457 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Part A-Placebo | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. Only those parameters for which at least one value of abnormal urinalysis result was reported are summarized. The participants were categorized as few, trace, +1, 2+, 3+, 0-3, 10-20, 0-5, 6-10, and 20-40. Few was the highest concentration of bacteria. Occult blood ranged from trace to 1+, trace indicated lowest and 1+ indicated highest concentration. Epithelial cell ranged from 0-5 to 10-20, 0-5 indicated lowest and 10-20 indicated highest concentration. Glucose ranged from trace to 3+, trace indicated lowest and 3+ indicated highest concentration. 0-5 was highest concentration for hyaline casts. Ketone ranged from trace to 1+, trace indicated lowest and 1+ indicated highest concentration. RBC and WBC ranged from 0-3 to 20-40, 0-3 indicated lowest and 20-40 indicated highest concentration. Highest concentration indicated worse outcome. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Up to Day 42
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacteria, Few, Day -1 | Occult Blood, 1+, Day 14 | Occult Blood, Trace, Day 28 | Occult Blood, Trace, Day 42 | Epithelial Cells, 10-20, Day -1 | Epithelial Cells, 0-5, Day 7 | Epithelial Cells, 6-10, Day 7 | Epithelial Cells, 0-5, Day 14 | Epithelial Cells, 0-5, Day 42 | Glucose, 1+, Day -1 | Glucose, 3+, Day -1 | Glucose, Trace, Day -1 | Glucose, 1+, Day 7 | Glucose, 3+, Day 7 | Glucose, Trace, Day 7 | Glucose, 1+, Day 14 | Glucose, 2+, Day 14 | Glucose, 3+, Day 14 | Glucose, Trace, Day 14 | Glucose, 1+, Day 28 | Glucose, 2+, Day 28 | Glucose, 3+, Day 28 | Glucose, Trace, Day 28 | Glucose, 1+, Day 42 | Glucose, 2+, Day 42 | Glucose, 3+, Day 42 | Glucose, Trace, Day 42 | Hyaline Casts, 0-5, Day 14 | Ketones, 1+, Day 7 | Ketones, Trace, Day 14 | Ketones, Trace, Day 28 | RBC's, 0-3, Day-1 | RBC's, 0-3, Day 7 | RBC's, 0-3, Day 14 | RBC's, 0-3, Day 28 | RBC's, 0-3, Day 42 | WBC's, 20-40, Day -1 | WBC's, 0-5, Day 7 | WBC's, 6-10, Day 7 | WBC's, 0-5, Day 14 | WBC's, 0-5, Day 28 | WBC's, 0-5, Day 42 | |
| Part B-GSK2890457+Liraglutide | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Part B-Placebo+Liraglutide | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42. The participants were categorized as few, many, moderate, trace, +1, 2+, 3+, 0-3, 10-20, 0-5, 6-10, 20-40, 40-60. Protein and ketone ranged from trace to 1+, trace indicated lowest and 1+ indicated highest concentration. Bacteria and uric acid crystals ranged from few to moderate, few indicated lowest and moderate indicated highest concentration. Trace was the highest concentration of occult blood. Epithelial cells ranged from 0-5 to >10, 0-5 indicated lowest and >10 indicated highest concentration. Glucose ranged from trace to 3+, trace indicated lowest and 3+ indicated highest concentration. 0-1 was highest concentration for hyaline casts. RBC and WBC ranged from 0-3 to 40-60, 0-3 indicated lowest and 20-40 indicated highest concentration. Highest concentration indicated worse outcome. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Up to Day 42
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protein, 1+, Day 7 | Protein, Trace, Day 7 | Protein, Trace, Day 14 | Protein, 1+, Day 28 | Bacteria, Few, Day -1 | Bacteria, Many, Day -1 | Bacteria, Few, Day 7 | Bacteria, Many, Day 7 | Bacteria, Many, Day 14 | Bacteria, Moderate, Day 14 | Bacteria, Few, Day 28 | Bacteria, Many, Day 28 | Bacteria, Many, Day 42 | Bacteria, Moderate, Day 42 | Occult Blood, Trace, Day 42 | Epithelial Cells, 0-10, Day -1 | Epithelial Cells, 0-10, Day 7 | Epithelial Cells, 0-5, Day 7 | Epithelial Cells, 6-10, Day 7 | Epithelial Cells, 0-5, Day 14 | Epithelial Cells, >10, Day 14 | Epithelial Cells, 0-10, Day 28 | Epithelial Cells, 0-10, Day 42 | Glucose, 1+, Day -1 | Glucose, 2+, Day -1 | Glucose, 3+, Day -1 | Glucose, 1+, Day 7 | Glucose, 2+, Day 7 | Glucose, 3+, Day 7 | Glucose, Trace, Day 7 | Glucose, 1+, Day 14 | Glucose, 3+, Day 14 | Glucose, Trace, Day 14 | Glucose, 2+, Day 28 | Glucose, 3+, Day 28 | Glucose, Trace, Day 28 | Glucose, 1+, Day 42 | Glucose, 2+, Day 42 | Glucose, 3+, Day 42 | Glucose, Trace, Day 42 | Hyaline Casts, 0-1, Day 7 | Ketones, 1+, Day 7 | Ketones, Trace, Day 7 | Ketones, Trace, Day 14 | Ketones, Trace, Day 28 | RBC's, 0-3, Day -1 | RBC's, 0-3, Day 7 | RBC's, 0-3, Day 14 | RBC's, 0-3, Day 28 | RBC's, 0-3, Day 42 | Uric acid crystals, Moderate, Day 7 | Uric acid crystals, Few, Day 14 | WBC's, 0-5, Day -1 | WBC's, 0-5, Day 7 | WBC's, 6-10, Day 7 | WBC's, 0-5, Day 14 | WBC's, 0-5, Day 28 | WBC's, 40-60, Day 28 | WBC's, 6-10, Day 42 | |
| Part C-GSK2890457+Metformin | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Part C-Placebo+Metformin | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
An AE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant, temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. An SAE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence that, at any dose, results in death, is life-threatening, requires hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in disability/incapacity, or is a congenital anomaly/birth defect, may jeopardize the participant or may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the other outcomes listed in this definition, associated with liver injury and impaired liver function defined as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) >=3 x upper limit of normal (ULN), and total bilirubin >=2 x ULN or international normalized ratio >1.5. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Up to Follow-up (8 weeks)
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Any AE | Any SAE | Any Death | |
| Part A-GSK2890457 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
| Part A-Placebo | 3 | 0 | 0 |
An AE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant, temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. An SAE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence that, at any dose, results in death, is life-threatening, requires hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in disability/incapacity, or is a congenital anomaly/birth defect, may jeopardize the participant or may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the other outcomes listed in this definition, associated with liver injury and impaired liver function defined as ALT >=3 x ULN, and total bilirubin >=2 x ULN or international normalized ratio >1.5. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Up to Follow-up (8 weeks)
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Any AE | Any SAE | Any Death | |
| Part B-GSK2890457+Liraglutide | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Part B-Placebo+Liraglutide | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Part C-GSK2890457+Metformin | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Part C-Placebo+Metformin | 3 | 0 | 0 |
During the assessment of body weight in the unit, the participant wore lightweight indoor clothing and removed shoes. The assessments were done pre-dose at Day -1, Day 1, Day 7, Day 14, Day 28, Day 42 and Day 43. Baseline value was defined as the average of Day -1 and Day 1 values. Change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value from the individual post-Baseline (Day 7, Day 14, Day 28 and Day 42) values. Percent change was calculated by multiplying the change from Baseline value with 100. If either the Baseline or post-Baseline value was missing, the change from Baseline was set to be missing. Day 42 value was the average of Day 42 and Day 43 values. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1 and Day 1) up to Day 42
| Intervention | Percent change (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 7 | Day 14 | Day 28 | Day 42 | |
| Part B-GSK2890457+Liraglutide | 0.18 | -0.04 | 0.39 | -0.51 |
| Part B-Placebo+Liraglutide | -0.16 | 0.47 | 0.25 | -0.80 |
| Part C-GSK2890457+Metformin | 0.59 | 0.60 | 0.30 | 0.50 |
| Part C-Placebo+Metformin | 0.36 | 0.79 | 0.66 | -0.53 |
Blood samples were collected on Day -1 and 42 at pre-dose (0 hour), 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1, 1.5, 2, 4 (pre-lunch), 5.5, 6, 8, 10 (pre-dinner), 11.5, 12, 14 and 24 hours post-dose. The time at which Cmax was observed was determined directly from the raw concentration-time data. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Day -1 and 42 at pre-dose (0 hour), 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 5.5, 6, 8, 10, 11.5, 12, 14 and 24 hours post-dose
| Intervention | Hours (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| Day -1 | Day 42 | |
| Part B-GSK2890457+Liraglutide | 8.00 | 9.98 |
| Part B-Placebo+Liraglutide | 9.74 | 9.92 |
Blood samples were collected on Day 1 and 42 at pre-dose (0 hour), 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1, 1.5, 2, 4 (pre-lunch), 5.5, 6, 8 and 10 (pre-dinner) hours post-dose. The time at which Cmax was observed was determined directly from the raw concentration-time data. (NCT01725126)
Timeframe: Day 1 and 42 at pre-dose (0 hour), 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 5.5, 6, 8 and 10 hours post-dose
| Intervention | Hours (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| Day 1 | Day 42 | |
| Part A-GSK2890457 | 2.000 | 2.000 |
| Part A-Placebo | 3.010 | 4.000 |
Change from baseline in FPG after 26 weeks of treatment. (NCT01849289)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| IDeg OD | -3.35 |
| IGlar OD | -3.14 |
Change from baseline in HbA1c (%) after 26 weeks of treatment. (NCT01849289)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean) |
|---|---|
| IDeg OD | -1.3 |
| IGlar OD | -1.2 |
Confirmed hypoglycaemic episodes consisted of episodes of severe hypoglycaemia as well as minor hypoglycaemic episodes with a confirmed PG value of less than 3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL).Minor hypoglycaemic episode is defined as an episode with symptoms consistent with hypoglycaemia with confirmation by full blood glucose < 2.8 mmol/L (50 mg/dL), or PG < 3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) and which is handled by the subject himself/herself or any asymptomatic full blood glucose value < 2.8 mmol/L (50 mg/dL) or PG value < 3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL). (NCT01849289)
Timeframe: On or after the first day of exposure to randomised trial drug (week 0) and no later than 7 days after last exposure to randomised trial drug (week 27)
| Intervention | Episodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number) |
|---|---|
| IDeg OD | 85 |
| IGlar OD | 97 |
Treatment emergent events (after first trial product administration and no later than 7 days after last trial product administration) (NCT01849289)
Timeframe: On or after the first day of exposure to randomised trial drug (week 0) and no later than seven days after last exposure to randomised trial drug (week 27)
| Intervention | number of events (Number) |
|---|---|
| IDeg OD | 612 |
| IGlar OD | 387 |
A responder for HbA1c without severe or confirmed hypoglycaemia is defined as a subject, who meets the HbA1c target at end of trial without treatment emergent severe or confirmed hypoglycaemia during the last 12 weeks of treatment or within 7 days from last treatment. (NCT01849289)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| IDeg OD | 252 |
| IGlar OD | 114 |
Within subject Coefficient of variation(CV[%]) in pre-breakfast self measured plasma glucose for dose adjustment after 26 treatment weeks are displayed below. (NCT01849289)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage (Mean) |
|---|---|
| IDeg OD | 10.65 |
| IGlar OD | 10.01 |
Change from baseline in 2-h PMG at Week 24 is defined as Week 24 2-h PMG minus Week 0 2-h PMG. (NCT01076088)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 50 mg + Metformin 500 mg | -97.05 |
| Sitagliptin 50 mg + Metformin 850 mg | -109.46 |
| Metformin 500 mg | -65.67 |
| Metformin 850 | -90.93 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -48.11 |
| Placebo | -21.88 |
Change from baseline in FPG at Week 24 is defined as Week 24 FPG minus Week 0 FPG. (NCT01076088)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 50 mg + Metformin 500 mg | -39.38 |
| Sitagliptin 50 mg + Metformin 850 mg | -47.74 |
| Metformin 500 mg | -33.66 |
| Metformin 850 | -39.63 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -21.86 |
| Placebo | -11.93 |
A1C is measured as percent. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 24 A1C percent minus the Week 0 A1C percent. (NCT01076088)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | Percent of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 50 mg + Metformin 500 mg | -1.67 |
| Sitagliptin 50 mg + Metformin 850 mg | -1.83 |
| Metformin 500 mg | -1.29 |
| Metformin 850 mg | -1.56 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -0.99 |
| Placebo | -0.59 |
Participants recorded a 7-point plasma glucose profile measured before and 2 hours after each meal and at bedtime three times in a week before baseline, before visit Week 12 and before visit week 26 and the average value across the profiles performed in the week a visit for the 7-time points was calculated. Change in average 7-point SMPG was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 value. Missing data was imputed using LOCF. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug up to the day of last dose of study drug. (NCT01768559)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide | -0.784 |
| Insulin Glulisine QD | -0.782 |
| Insulin Glulisine TID | -1.053 |
"Primary outcome was the comparison between Lixisenatide versus Insulin Glulisine TID.~Change in body weight was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 value. Missing data was imputed using LOCF. On-treatment period for this efficacy variable was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug." (NCT01768559)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide | -0.63 |
| Insulin Glulisine QD | 1.03 |
| Insulin Glulisine TID | 1.37 |
Change in FPG was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 value. Missing data was imputed using LOCF. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable was the time from the first dose of study drug up to 1 day after the last dose of study drug. (NCT01768559)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide | -0.23 |
| Insulin Glulisine QD | -0.21 |
| Insulin Glulisine TID | -0.06 |
Glucose excursion = 2-hour PPG minus plasma glucose 30 minutes prior to the standardized meal test, before study drug administration. Change in glucose excursions was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 value. Missing data was imputed using LOCF. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable was the time from the first dose of study drug up to the day of last dose of study drug. (NCT01768559)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide | -3.42 |
| Insulin Glulisine QD | -1.59 |
| Insulin Glulisine TID | -1.56 |
Change in HbA1C was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 value. Missing data was imputed using last on-treatment observation carried forward (LOCF). On-treatment period for this efficacy variable was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug up to 14 days after the last dose of study drug. Here, number of participants analyzed = participants with baseline and at least one post-baseline HbA1c assessment during on-treatment period. (NCT01768559)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide | -0.63 |
| Insulin Glulisine QD | -0.58 |
| Insulin Glulisine TID | -0.84 |
Change in Insulin glargine dose was calculated by subtracting the baseline value from Week 26 value. Missing data was imputed using LOCF. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable was the time from the first dose of study drug up to the day of last dose of study drug. (NCT01768559)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26
| Intervention | U (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide | 0.7 |
| Insulin Glulisine QD | -0.06 |
| Insulin Glulisine TID | -3.13 |
The 2-hour PPG test measured blood glucose 2 hours after eating a standardized meal. Change in PPG was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 26 value. Missing data was imputed using LOCF. The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable was the time from the first dose of study drug up to the day of last dose of study drug. (NCT01768559)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide | -3.93 |
| Insulin Glulisine QD | -1.62 |
| Insulin Glulisine TID | -1.87 |
The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable was the time from the first dose of study drug up to the day of last dose of study drug. Missing data was imputed using LOCF. (NCT01768559)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | U (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glulisine QD | 9.97 |
| Insulin Glulisine TID | 20.24 |
The on-treatment period for HbA1c assessment was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug up to 14 days after the last dose of study drug. The on-treatment period for body weight assessment was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug. (NCT01768559)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide | 31.2 |
| Insulin Glulisine QD | 16.7 |
| Insulin Glulisine TID | 17.6 |
The on-treatment period for HbA1c assessment was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug up to 14 days after the last dose of study drug. The on-treatment period for symptomatic hypoglycemia assessment was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug up to 1 day after the last dose of study drug. (NCT01768559)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide | 29.4 |
| Insulin Glulisine QD | 24.2 |
| Insulin Glulisine TID | 26.1 |
The on-treatment period for HbA1c assessment was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug up to 14 days after the last dose of study drug. The on-treatment period for body weight assessment was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug. The on-treatment period for symptomatic hypoglycemia assessment was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug up to 1 day after the last dose of study drug. Participants without post-baseline on-treatment values (HbA1c and body weight) that were no more than 30 days apart were counted as non-responders if at least one of the components (HbA1c and/or body weight) was available and showed non-response, or if they experienced at least one documented symptomatic hypoglycemia during the on-treatment period. Otherwise, they were counted as missing data. (NCT01768559)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide | 22.2 |
| Insulin Glulisine QD | 9.2 |
| Insulin Glulisine TID | 10.8 |
The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable was the time from the first dose of study drug up to 3 days after the last dose of study drug. (NCT01768559)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide | 64.7 |
| Insulin Glulisine QD | 36.6 |
| Insulin Glulisine TID | 30.5 |
"The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable was the time from the first dose of study drug up to the day of last dose of study drug. Missing data was imputed using LOCF.~The outcome is reporting results of total insulin (amounts of Insulin Glargine plus Insulin Glulisine ) only for the arms in which Insulin Glulisine was administered and is not applicable for the lixisenatide arm in which only Insulin Glargine is administered. Change in dose of the insulin used by patients in the Lixisenatide arm (i.e. Insulin Glargine) is reported in the secondary Outcome Measure 9." (NCT01768559)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | U (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glulisine QD | 73.61 |
| Insulin Glulisine TID | 81.05 |
Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycemia were accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration of <60 mg/dL (3.3 mmol/L). Severe symptomatic hypoglycemia was symptomatic hypoglycemia event in which the participant required the assistance of another person and was associated with either a plasma glucose level below 36 mg/dL (2.0 mmol/L) or prompt recovery after oral carbohydrate, intravenous glucose, or glucagon administration, if no plasma glucose measurement was available. (NCT01768559)
Timeframe: First dose of study drug up to 3 days after the last dose administration (maximum of 185 days)
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia | Severe symptomatic hypoglycemia | |
| Insulin Glulisine QD | 37.5 | 0.7 |
| Insulin Glulisine TID | 44.6 | 0 |
| Lixisenatide | 31.5 | 0 |
The on-treatment period for this efficacy variable was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug up to 14 days after the last dose of study drug. Missing data was imputed using LOCF. (NCT01768559)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| HbA1c ≤6.5% | HbA1c <7.0% | |
| Insulin Glulisine QD | 17.8 | 38.4 |
| Insulin Glulisine TID | 30.8 | 49.2 |
| Lixisenatide | 20.5 | 42.1 |
Change in body weight following 30 weeks of therapy (i.e., body weight at Week 30 minus body weight at baseline) (NCT00993187)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 30
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin/Metformin | -0.83 |
| Glimepiride | 0.90 |
Blood glucose was measured on a fasting basis (collected after an 8- to 10-hour fast). FPG is expressed as mg/dL. Blood was drawn at predose on Day 1 and after 30 weeks of treatment to determine change in plasma glucose levels (i.e., FPG at Week 30 minus FPG at baseline). (NCT00993187)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 30
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin/Metformin | -47.0 |
| Glimepiride | -23.5 |
HbA1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over a prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). Change in A1C following 30 weeks of therapy (i.e., A1C at Week 30 minus A1C at baseline). (NCT00993187)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 30
| Intervention | Percent of total hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin/Metformin | -1.5 |
| Glimepiride | -0.7 |
An AE is any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function or chemistry of the body temporally associated with study drug administration whether or not considered related to the use of the product. (NCT00993187)
Timeframe: Up to 30 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin/Metformin | 8 |
| Glimepiride | 8 |
An adverse event (AE) is any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function or chemistry of the body temporally associated with study drug administration whether or not considered related to the use of the product. (NCT00993187)
Timeframe: Up to 32 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin/Metformin | 88 |
| Glimepiride | 101 |
HbA1C is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over a prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). (NCT00993187)
Timeframe: Week 30
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin/Metformin | 81.2 |
| Glimepiride | 40.1 |
Symptomatic episodes assessed as likely to be due to hypoglycemia were reported by investigators as adverse experiences of hypoglycemia. Adverse experiences of hypoglycemia were based on all reports of hypoglycemia; a concurrent glucose measurement was not required. (NCT00993187)
Timeframe: Up to Week 30
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin/Metformin | 5.5 |
| Glimepiride | 20.1 |
Missing data was imputed using LOCF. On-treatment period for this efficacy variable was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug till before the introduction of rescue medication and up to the date of last injection of IMP. (NCT01476475)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | Units (U) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination | 36.08 |
| Insulin Glargine | 39.32 |
2-hour plasma glucose excursion = 2-hour PPG minus plasma glucose value obtained 30 minutes prior to the start of the meal and before IMP administration. Change in plasma glucose excursion was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. Missing data was imputed using LOCF. On-treatment period for this efficacy variable was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug till before the introduction of rescue medication and up to the date of last injection of IMP. (NCT01476475)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination | -3.91 |
| Insulin Glargine | -0.67 |
The 2-hour PPG test measured blood glucose 2 hours after eating a standardized meal. Change in PPG was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. Missing data was imputed using LOCF. On-treatment period for this efficacy variable was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug till before the introduction of rescue medication and up to the date of last injection of IMP. (NCT01476475)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination | -7.49 |
| Insulin Glargine | -4.33 |
Participants recorded a 7-point plasma glucose profile measured before and 2-hours after each meal and at bedtime, over a single day, once in a week before baseline, before visit Week 12 and before visit Week 24 and the average value across the profiles performed in the week before a visit for the 7-time points was calculated. Change in average 7-point SMPG was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. Missing data was imputed using LOCF. On-treatment period for this efficacy variable was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug till before the introduction of rescue medication and up to the date of last injection of IMP. (NCT01476475)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination | -3.23 |
| Insulin Glargine | -2.93 |
Change in body weight was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. Missing data was imputed using LOCF. On-treatment period for this efficacy variable was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug till before the introduction of rescue medication and up to 3 days after the last injection of IMP. (NCT01476475)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination | -0.97 |
| Insulin Glargine | 0.48 |
Change in FPG was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. Missing data was imputed using LOCF. On-treatment period for this efficacy variable was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug till before the introduction of rescue medication and up to 1 day after the last injection of IMP. (NCT01476475)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination | -3.35 |
| Insulin Glargine | -3.51 |
Change in HbA1c was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. Missing data was imputed using last observation carried forward (LOCF). On-treatment period for this efficacy variable was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug till before the introduction of rescue medication and up to 14 days after the last injection of investigational medicinal product (IMP). (NCT01476475)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination | -1.82 |
| Insulin Glargine | -1.64 |
Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycemia were accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration of ≤70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). Participants without any post-baseline on-treatment value for HbA1c were counted as non-responders if they experienced at least one documented symptomatic hypoglycemia before the introduction of rescue medication and up to 1 day after the last injection of IMP. Otherwise, they were counted as missing data. On-treatment period for this efficacy variable was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug till before the introduction of rescue medication and up to 14 days after the last injection of IMP. (NCT01476475)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination | 67.5 |
| Insulin Glargine | 59.0 |
Participants without any post-baseline on-treatment values (for HbA1c and body weight) that were no more than 30 days apart were counted as non-responders if at least one of the components (for HbA1c and body weight) was available and showed non-response. Otherwise, they were counted as missing data. (NCT01476475)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination | 56.3 |
| Insulin Glargine | 37.3 |
Routine fasting SMPG and central laboratory FPG (and HbA1c after Week 12) values were used to determine the requirement of rescue medication. If fasting SMPG value exceed the specified limit for 3 consecutive days, the central laboratory FPG (and HbA1c after Week 12) were performed. Threshold values from Week 8 to Week 12: fasting SMPG/FPG >240 mg/dL (13.3 mmol/L), and from Week 12 to Week 30: fasting SMPG/FPG >200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or HbA1c >8%. (NCT01476475)
Timeframe: Baseline up to Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination | 0 |
| Insulin Glargine | 0.6 |
30-minute and 1-hour plasma glucose excursion = 30-minute and 1-hour PPG minus plasma glucose value obtained 30 minutes prior to the start of the meal and before IMP administration. Change in plasma glucose excursion was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. Missing data was imputed using LOCF. On-treatment period for this efficacy variable was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug till before the introduction of rescue medication and up to the date of last injection of IMP. (NCT01476475)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| 30-minute plasma glucose excursion (n=151, 152) | 1-hour plasma glucose excursion (n=150, 152) | |
| Insulin Glargine | -0.05 | -0.44 |
| Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination | -1.47 | -2.34 |
The 30 minute and 1-hour PPG test measured blood glucose 30 minutes and 1-hour after eating a standardized meal. Change in PPG was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 24 value. Missing data was imputed using LOCF. On-treatment period for this efficacy variable was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug till before the introduction of rescue medication and up to the date of last injection of IMP. (NCT01476475)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| 30-minute PPG (n=151, 153) | 1-hour PPG (n=150, 153) | |
| Insulin Glargine | -3.76 | -4.10 |
| Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination | -5.01 | -5.94 |
Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycemia were accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration of ≤70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L).Severe symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event requiring assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. These episodes were associated with sufficient neuroglycopenia to induce seizure, unconsciousness or coma. All episodes in which neurological impairment was severe enough to prevent self-treatment and which were thought to place participants at risk for injury to themselves or others. (NCT01476475)
Timeframe: First dose of study drug up to 3 days after the last dose administration (maximum of 219 days)
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia | Severe Symptomatic Hypoglycemia | |
| Insulin Glargine (Lantus® SoloSTAR®) | 22.8 | 0.0 |
| Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination | 21.7 | 0.0 |
On-treatment period for this efficacy variable was defined as the time from the first dose of study drug till before the introduction of rescue medication and up to 14 days after the last injection of IMP. (NCT01476475)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| HbA1c ≤6.5% | HbA1c <7.0% | |
| Insulin Glargine | 64.6 | 78.3 |
| Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide Fixed Ratio Combination | 71.9 | 84.4 |
Change from baseline in body weight after 26 weeks of treatment. (NCT01973231)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | -4.24 |
| Lixisenatide | -3.69 |
Change from baseline in FPG after 26 weeks of treatment. (NCT01973231)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | -2.904 |
| Lixisenatide | -1.644 |
Change from baseline in HbA1c after 26 weeks of treatment. (NCT01973231)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 26
| Intervention | Percent (%) glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | -1.809 |
| Lixisenatide | -1.238 |
A Treatment Emergent Adverse Event (TEAE) was defined as an event that had onset date on or after the first day of exposure to randomised treatment and no later than 7 days after the last day of randomised treatment. Severity was assessed by investigator. (NCT01973231)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-26
| Intervention | events (Number) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Events | Serious | Severe | Moderate | Mild | |
| Liraglutide | 540 | 13 | 10 | 109 | 421 |
| Lixisenatide | 435 | 7 | 3 | 84 | 348 |
Subjects who achieved HbA1c below 7.0% (53 mmol/mol) after 26 weeks of treatment (yes/no). (NCT01973231)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | percentage (%) of subjects (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Liraglutide | 74.2 | 25.8 |
| Lixisenatide | 45.5 | 54.5 |
Subjects who achieved HbA1c below 7.0% (53 mmol/mol) and no weight gain after 26 weeks of treatment (yes/no). (NCT01973231)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | percentage (%) of subjects (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Liraglutide | 66.5 | 33.5 |
| Lixisenatide | 41.9 | 58.1 |
Subjects who achieved HbA1c below equal to or below 6.5% (48 mmol/mol) after 26 weeks of treatment (yes/no). (NCT01973231)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | percentage (%) of subjects (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Liraglutide | 54.6 | 45.4 |
| Lixisenatide | 26.2 | 73.8 |
(NCT01917656)
Timeframe: Baseline, day 29
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide and Metformin | -5.40 |
| Sulfonylurea and Metformin | -1.46 |
The changes from baseline measured postbaseline (i.e., the changes measured on visit 8 and 12) entered as the dependent variables, and visit, treatment, country, and the stratification variables were included as fixed factors and the corresponding values for the specific endpoint measured at randomisation as covariate. (NCT01917656)
Timeframe: Baseline, day 29
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide and Metformin | -1.8 |
| Sulfonylurea and Metformin | -0.6 |
The level of glycosylated haemoglobin in blood was used to assess the glycaemic control of the patients during the time period described. (NCT01917656)
Timeframe: Baseline, day 29
| Intervention | Percent (%) glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide and Metformin | -1.3 |
| Sulfonylurea and Metformin | -0.7 |
The level of FPG in the blood of fasting patients was addressed to monitor glycaemic control during the period described. (NCT01917656)
Timeframe: Day -1, day 29
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide and Metformin | -0.1 |
| Sulfonylurea and Metformin | 0.1 |
The level of fructosamine in the blood was used to assess the glycaemic control in the patients during the time period described- from start of Ramadan (day -1, visit 8) to end of Ramadan (day 29, visit 12). (NCT01917656)
Timeframe: Day -1, day 29
| Intervention | umol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide and Metformin | -13.2 |
| Sulfonylurea and Metformin | -14.9 |
The fructosamine values at the end of Ramadan (visit 12) were presented (NCT01917656)
Timeframe: Day 29
| Intervention | umol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide and Metformin | 276.8 |
| Sulfonylurea and Metformin | 284.9 |
(NCT01917656)
Timeframe: Day -1 to day 29
| Intervention | Events/1000 years of patient exposure (Number) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide and Metformin | 246 |
| Sulfonylurea and Metformin | 623 |
Subjects who at end of treatment (Visit 14, 4 weeks post Ramadan) achieve (y/n): HbA1c below 7.0% (53 mmol/mol) (ADA target) (NCT01917656)
Timeframe: Visit 14 (4 weeks post Ramadan)
| Intervention | percentage (%) of subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide and Metformin | 51.0 |
| Sulfonylurea and Metformin | 29.9 |
Subjects who at end of treatment (Visit 14, 4 weeks post Ramadan) achieve (y/n): HbA1c below 7.0% (53 mmol/mol) (ADA target) (NCT01917656)
Timeframe: Visit 14 (4 weeks post Ramadan)
| Intervention | percentage (%) of subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide and Metformin | 47.6 |
| Sulfonylurea and Metformin | 25.2 |
"A serious AE was an experience that at any dose resulted in any of the following: Death, a life-threatening experience, in-patient hospitalisation or prolongation of existing hospitalisation, a persistent or significant disability or incapacity, congenital anomaly or birth defect, important medical events.~Mild - no or transient symptoms, no interference with the subject's daily activities Moderate - marked symptoms, moderate interference with the subject's daily activities Severe - considerable interference with the subject's daily activities, unacceptable" (NCT01917656)
Timeframe: Day -1 to day 29
| Intervention | Events/1000 years of patient exposure (Number) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adverse events | Serious adverse events | Severe adverse events | Moderate adverse event | Mild adverse event | |
| Liraglutide and Metformin | 5258 | 164 | 411 | 986 | 3861 |
| Sulfonylurea and Metformin | 3349 | 0 | 78 | 779 | 2492 |
Change from baseline in body weight was analysed after 26 weeks of treatment. Analysis population set: FAS: all randomised subjects receiving at least one dose of any of the trial products. Missing values were imputed using MMRM. (NCT01907854)
Timeframe: From baseline to week 26
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | -3.32 |
| Sitagliptin | -1.80 |
Change from baseline in fasting plasma glucose was analysed after 26 weeks of treatment. Missing values were imputed using MMRM. (NCT01907854)
Timeframe: From baseline to week 26
| Intervention | nmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | -1.967 |
| Sitagliptin | -0.588 |
Change from baseline in HbA1c was analysed after 26 weeks of treatment. Analysis population set: full analysis set (FAS); all randomised subjects receiving at least one dose of any of the trial products. Missing values were imputed using mixed model for repeated measurements (MMRM). (NCT01907854)
Timeframe: From baseline to week 26
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | -1.146 |
| Sitagliptin | -0.529 |
A treatment emergent adverse event (TEAE) was defined as an event that had an onset date (or increase in severity) on or after the first day of exposure to randomised treatment and no later than seven days after the last day of randomised treatment. The number of TEAEs was recorded during 26 weeks of treatment plus one week follow-up period. (NCT01907854)
Timeframe: During 26 weeks of treatment plus one week follow-up period.
| Intervention | number of events (Number) |
|---|---|
| Liraglutide | 455 |
| Sitagliptin | 318 |
Ratio to baseline in fasting blood lipids (total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein [LDL], very low density lipoprotein [VLDL], high density lipoprotein [HDL], triglycerides, and free fatty acids) were analysed after 26 weeks treatment. Missing values were imputed using MMRM. Here we are presenting ratio to baseline data. (NCT01907854)
Timeframe: From baseline to week 26
| Intervention | ratio (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total cholesterol | LDL cholesterol | VLDL cholesterol | HDL cholesterol | Triglycerides | Free Fatty acids | |
| Liraglutide | 1.011 | 1.049 | 1.062 | 1.004 | 1.089 | 1.086 |
| Sitagliptin | 1.045 | 1.121 | 1.075 | 0.997 | 1.099 | 1.104 |
Change from baseline in systolic and diastolic blood pressure were analysed after 26 weeks of treatment. Missing values were imputed using MMRM. (NCT01907854)
Timeframe: From baseline to week 26
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Systolic Blood Pressure | Diastolic Blood Pressure | |
| Liraglutide | -3.6 | -0.23 |
| Sitagliptin | -2.57 | -0.81 |
Number of subjects who achieve HbA1c <7.0% were analysed after 26 weeks of treatment. Missing values were imputed using MMRM. (NCT01907854)
Timeframe: After 26 weeks of treatment
| Intervention | percentage (%) (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |
| Liraglutide | 50.6 | 49.4 |
| Sitagliptin | 26.9 | 73.1 |
"Change from baseline in body weight (kg) after 24 weeks of treatment. Baseline refers to the last observation before the start of any randomised trial treatment. medication. Means presented are the adjusted means." (NCT01719003)
Timeframe: baseline and 24 weeks
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Empagliflozin 12.5 mg Bid+ Metformin 1000 mg Bid | -3.78 |
| Empagliflozin 12.5 mg Bid+ Metformin 500 mg Bid | -3.04 |
| Empagliflozin 5 mg Bid + Metformin 1000 mg Bid | -3.48 |
| Empagliflozin 5 mg Bid + Metformin 500 mg Bid | -2.77 |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg qd | -2.38 |
| Empagliflozin 10 mg qd | -2.39 |
| Metformin 1000 mg Bid | -1.27 |
| Metformin 500 mg Bid | -0.52 |
"Change from baseline in FPG (mg/dL) after 24 weeks of treatment. Baseline refers to the last observation before the start of any randomised trial treatment medication. Means presented are the adjusted means." (NCT01719003)
Timeframe: baseline and 24 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Empagliflozin 12.5 mg Bid+ Metformin 1000 mg Bid | -51.0 |
| Empagliflozin 12.5 mg Bid+ Metformin 500 mg Bid | -44.0 |
| Empagliflozin 5 mg Bid + Metformin 1000 mg Bid | -47.8 |
| Empagliflozin 5 mg Bid + Metformin 500 mg Bid | -45.5 |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg qd | -28.0 |
| Empagliflozin 10 mg qd | -32.9 |
| Metformin 1000 mg Bid | -32.1 |
| Metformin 500 mg Bid | -17.2 |
"Change from baseline in HbA1c (%) after 24 weeks of treatment. Baseline refers to the last observation before the start of any randomised trial treatment medication. Means presented are the adjusted means" (NCT01719003)
Timeframe: baseline and 24 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of HbA1c (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Empagliflozin 12.5 mg Bid+ Metformin 1000 mg Bid | -2.08 |
| Empagliflozin 12.5 mg Bid+ Metformin 500 mg Bid | -1.93 |
| Empagliflozin 5 mg Bid + Metformin 1000 mg Bid | -2.07 |
| Empagliflozin 5 mg Bid + Metformin 500 mg Bid | -1.98 |
| Empagliflozin 25 mg qd | -1.36 |
| Empagliflozin 10 mg qd | -1.35 |
| Metformin 1000 mg Bid | -1.75 |
| Metformin 500 mg Bid | -1.18 |
This change from baseline reflects the 2-hr PMG level at Week 24 minus the 2-hr PMG level at Week 0. (NCT01590771)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -33.4 |
| Placebo | -6.2 |
This change from baseline reflects the 2-hr PMG level at Week 24 minus the 2-hr PMG level at Week 0. (NCT01590771)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -49.5 |
| Placebo | -11.9 |
This change from baseline reflects the 2-hr PMG level at Week 24 minus the 2-hr PMG level at Week 0. (NCT01590771)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -40.7 |
| Placebo | -7.7 |
A1C was measured as a percent. This change from baseline reflects the A1C percent at Week 24 minus the A1C percent at Week 0. (NCT01590771)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | Percent of glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -0.85 |
| Placebo | -0.05 |
A1C was measured as a percent. This change from baseline reflects the A1C percent at Week 24 minus the A1C percent at Week 0. (NCT01590771)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | Percent of glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -0.88 |
| Placebo | -0.27 |
A1C was measured as a percent. This change from baseline reflects the A1C percent at Week 24 minus the A1C percent at Week 0. (NCT01590771)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | Percent of glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -0.86 |
| Placebo | -0.45 |
This change from baseline reflects the FPG level at Week 24 minus the FPG level at Week 0. (NCT01590771)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -26.3 |
| Placebo | -9.3 |
This change from baseline reflects the FPG level at Week 24 minus the FPG level at Week 0. (NCT01590771)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -24.4 |
| Placebo | -7.7 |
This change from baseline reflects the FPG level at Week 24 minus the FPG level at Week 0. (NCT01590771)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -22.2 |
| Placebo | -5.7 |
An adverse event is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant administered study drug which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with the treatment. Adverse events may include the onset of new illness and the exacerbation of pre-existing conditions. (NCT01590771)
Timeframe: Up to 24 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 3 |
| Placebo | 7 |
An adverse event is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant administered study drug which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with the treatment. Adverse events may include the onset of new illness and the exacerbation of pre-existing conditions. (NCT01590771)
Timeframe: Up to 26 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 106 |
| Placebo | 98 |
For those patients that are able to discontinue insulin therapy at or <12 weeks, how long were they able to well controlled with an A1c <7% on the agent that they were randomized to. (NCT01099618)
Timeframe: 3 years
| Intervention | days (Median) |
|---|---|
| Metformin | 472 |
| Sitagliptin | 589 |
| Placebo | 111 |
The change from baseline is the FPG after 24 weeks minus the baseline FPG. Means are adjusted for treatment, continuous baseline HbA1c and continuous baseline fasting plasma glucose. (NCT01512979)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin 5mg + Metformin | -47.1 |
| Linagliptin 5mg | -30.2 |
HbA1c is measured as a percentage. The change from baseline is the Week 24 HbA1c minus the baseline HbA1c. Means are adjusted for treatment and continuous baseline HbA1c (NCT01512979)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 weeks
| Intervention | percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin 5mg + Metformin | -2.81 |
| Linagliptin 5mg | -2.02 |
The proportion of patients who achieved HbA1c lowering by at least 0.5% after 24 weeks of treatment.The model includes treatment, and continuous baseline HbA1c. (NCT01512979)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin 5mg + Metformin | 124 |
| Linagliptin 5mg | 92 |
The proportion of patients who achieved HbA1c lowering by at least 1.0% after 24 weeks of treatment. The model includes treatment, and continuous baseline HbA1c. (NCT01512979)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin 5mg + Metformin | 116 |
| Linagliptin 5mg | 82 |
The proportion of patients who achieved HbA1c below 7.0% after 24 weeks of treatment. The model includes treatment, and continuous baseline HbA1c. (NCT01512979)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin 5mg + Metformin | 81 |
| Linagliptin 5mg | 45 |
The change from baseline is the FPG over time minus the baseline FPG. Means are adjusted for treatment, continuous baseline HbA1c, continuous baseline FPG in addition to week repeated within patient, week by baseline FPG interaction and week by treatment interaction. (NCT01512979)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6, 12, 18 and 24 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change to week 6 | Change to week 12 | Change to week 18 | Change to week 24 | |
| Linagliptin 5mg | -31.9 | -30.5 | -35.4 | -30.1 |
| Linagliptin 5mg + Metformin | -52.3 | -54.1 | -52.4 | -47.1 |
HbA1c is measured as a percentage. The change from baseline is the HbA1c over time minus the baseline HbA1c. The model includes treatment, continuous baseline HbA1c in addition to week repeated within patient, week by baseline HbA1c interaction and week by treatment interaction. (NCT01512979)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6, 12, 18 and 24 weeks
| Intervention | percent (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change to week 6 | Change to week 12 | Change to week 18 | Change to week 24 | |
| Linagliptin 5mg | -1.33 | -1.85 | -2.01 | -2.01 |
| Linagliptin 5mg + Metformin | -1.97 | -2.69 | -2.79 | -2.81 |
Area under the concentration-time curve of Empa in plasma at steady state over a uniform dosing interval τ (AUCτ,ss). (NCT01276288)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, and 24 post-dose on Day 5 with EMPA alone and on Day 9 with EMPA plus diuretic. The Pre-dose values were averaged over Days 1 to 4 with EMPA alone and on Days 7 & 8 with EMPA plus diuretic
| Intervention | nmol*h/L (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Empagliflozin (Empa) | 4990 |
| Empa+ HCT | 5570 |
| Empa + TOR | 5260 |
Area under the concentration-time curve of HCT in plasma at steady state over a uniform dosing interval τ (AUCτ,ss). (NCT01276288)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, and 24 post-dose on Day 4 with HCT alone and on Day 9 with EMPA plus HCT. The Pre-dose values were averaged over Days 1 to 3 with HCT alone and on Days 7 & 8 with EMPA plus HCT
| Intervention | ng*h/mL (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) | 1040 |
| HCT+ Empa | 1000 |
Area under the concentration-time curve of TOR in plasma at steady state over a uniform dosing interval τ (AUCτ,ss). (NCT01276288)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, and 24 post-dose on Day 4 with TOR alone and on Day 9 with EMPA plus TOR. The Pre-dose values were averaged over Days 1 to 3 with TOR alone and on Days 7 & 8 with EMPA plus TOR
| Intervention | ng*h/mL (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Torasemide (TOR) | 1320 |
| TOR+ Empa | 1340 |
| TOR Metabolite (TOR-M1) | 74.8 |
| TOR Metabolite (TOR-M3) | 40.5 |
| TOR-M1+ Empa | 78.1 |
| TOR-M3 + Empa | 41.8 |
"Change in body weight from baseline , where baseline was defined as the last measurement before trial drug administration of each treatment period~The mean change from baseline was evaluated as:~Empa: day 6- baseline, HCT: day 5-baseline, TOR: day 5-baseline, Empa+ HCT: day 10- baseline, Empa+ TOR: day 10- baseline,~The mean for the Empa arm represent combined adjusted means of all four sequences that is Empa administered before or after the administration of either TOR, HCT and their combination with Empa" (NCT01276288)
Timeframe: baseline and then day 6 for Empa, day 5 for TOR and HCT, day 10 for Empa+TOR and Empa+HCT
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Empagliflozin (Empa) | -1.365 |
| Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) | -1.040 |
| Torasemide (TOR) | -0.380 |
| Empa+ HCT | -2.030 |
| Empa + TOR | -1.750 |
"Change in pH in capillary or arterialised blood from baseline, where baseline was defined as the last measurement before trial drug administration of each treatment period~The mean change from baseline was evaluated as:~Empa: day 6- baseline, HCT: day 5-baseline, TOR: day 5-baseline, Empa+ HCT: day 10- baseline, Empa+ TOR: day 10- baseline,~The mean for the Empa arm represent combined adjusted means of all four sequences that is Empa administered before or after the administration of either TOR, HCT and their combination with Empa" (NCT01276288)
Timeframe: baseline and then day 6 for Empa, day 5 for TOR and HCT, day 10 for Empa+TOR and Empa+HCT
| Intervention | pH (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Empagliflozin (Empa) | -0.006 |
| Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) | 0.003 |
| Torasemide (TOR) | -0.002 |
| Empa+ HCT | 0.008 |
| Empa + TOR | -0.005 |
"Change in serum concentration of Aldosterone from baseline , where baseline was defined as the measurement obtained before first drug administration in the first period~The mean change from baseline was evaluated as:~Empa: day 6- baseline, HCT: day 5-baseline, TOR: day 5-baseline, Empa+ HCT: day 10- baseline, Empa+ TOR: day 10- baseline,~The mean for the Empa arm represent combined adjusted means of all four sequences that is Empa administered before or after the administration of either TOR, HCT and their combination with Empa" (NCT01276288)
Timeframe: baseline and then day 6 for Empa, day 5 for TOR and HCT, day 10 for Empa+TOR and Empa+HCT
| Intervention | nmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Empagliflozin (Empa) | -0.018 |
| Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) | 0.099 |
| Torasemide (TOR) | 0.023 |
| Empa+ HCT | 0.124 |
| Empa + TOR | 0.123 |
"Change in serum concentration of ALP from baseline, where baseline was defined as the measurement obtained before first drug administration in the first period~The mean change from baseline was evaluated as:~Empa: day 6- baseline, HCT: day 5-baseline, TOR: day 5-baseline, Empa+ HCT: day 10- baseline, Empa+ TOR: day 10- baseline,~The mean for the Empa arm represent combined adjusted means of all four sequences that is Empa administered before or after the administration of either TOR, HCT and their combination with Empa" (NCT01276288)
Timeframe: baseline and then day 6 for Empa, day 5 for TOR and HCT, day 10 for Empa+TOR and Empa+HCT
| Intervention | U/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Empagliflozin (Empa) | 2.750 |
| Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) | 3.000 |
| Torasemide (TOR) | 2.400 |
| Empa+ HCT | 6.500 |
| Empa + TOR | 5.800 |
"Change in serum concentration of fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF- 23) from baseline, where baseline was defined as the measurement obtained before first drug administration in the first period~The mean change from baseline was evaluated as:~Empa: day 6- baseline, HCT: day 5-baseline, TOR: day 5-baseline, Empa+ HCT: day 10- baseline, Empa+ TOR: day 10- baseline, The mean for the Empa arm represent combined adjusted means of all four sequences that is Empa administered before or after the administration of either TOR, HCT and their combination with Empa" (NCT01276288)
Timeframe: baseline and then day 6 for Empa, day 5 for TOR and HCT, day 10 for Empa+TOR and Empa+HCT
| Intervention | RU/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Empagliflozin (Empa) | 50.305 |
| Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) | 29.050 |
| Torasemide (TOR) | -0.680 |
| Empa+ HCT | 109.860 |
| Empa + TOR | 13.820 |
"Changes in serum osmolality from baseline based on a blood sample.~Baseline was defined as the measurement obtained before the first drug administration in the first period.~The mean change from baseline was evaluated as:~Empa: day 6- baseline, HCT: day 5-baseline, TOR: day 5-baseline, Empa+ HCT: day 10- baseline, Empa+ TOR: day 10- baseline,~The mean for the Empa arm represent combined adjusted means of all four sequences that is Empa administered before or after the administration of either TOR, HCT and their combination with Empa" (NCT01276288)
Timeframe: baseline and then day 6 for Empa, day 5 for TOR and HCT, day 10 for Empa+TOR and Empa+HCT
| Intervention | mOsm/Kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Empagliflozin (Empa) | 3.950 |
| Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) | -7.500 |
| Torasemide (TOR) | -5.500 |
| Empa+ HCT | -2.200 |
| Empa + TOR | 10.500 |
"Change in urea concentration in urine from baseline, where baseline was defined as the measurement obtained before first drug administration in the first period~The mean change from baseline was evaluated as:~Empa: day 6- baseline, HCT: day 5-baseline, TOR: day 5-baseline, Empa+ HCT: day 10- baseline, Empa+ TOR: day 10- baseline,~The mean for the Empa arm represent combined adjusted means of all four sequences that is Empa administered before or after the administration of either TOR, HCT and their combination with Empa" (NCT01276288)
Timeframe: baseline and then day 6 for Empa, day 5 for TOR and HCT, day 10 for Empa+TOR and Empa+HCT
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Empagliflozin (Empa) | -1.515 |
| Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) | 67.570 |
| Torasemide (TOR) | 35.710 |
| Empa+ HCT | 11.780 |
| Empa + TOR | 48.690 |
"Change in urinary excretion in a 24-hour period of N-terminal telopeptide (NTx) from baseline, where baseline was defined as the value obtained from the last 24-hour (h) collection period before the first drug administration in the first treatment period.~The mean change from baseline was evaluated as:~Empa: day 5- baseline, HCT: day 4-baseline, TOR: day 4-baseline, Empa+ HCT: day 9- baseline, Empa+ TOR: day 9- baseline,~The means for the Empa arm represent combined adjusted means of all four sequences that is Empa administered before or after the administration of either TOR, HCT and their combination with Empa" (NCT01276288)
Timeframe: 24 hour sampling interval at baseline and then day 5 for Empa, day 4 for TOR and HCT, day 9 for Empa+TOR and Empa+HCT
| Intervention | nM BCE/ mMC (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Empagliflozin (Empa) | 6.010 |
| Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) | 0.730 |
| Torasemide (TOR) | 2.030 |
| Empa+ HCT | 1.380 |
| Empa + TOR | 3.900 |
"Change from baseline in urinary weight in a 24 hour (h)- collection period, where baseline is the last 24-h collection period before first trial drug administration in each treatment period.~The mean change from baseline was evaluated as:~Empa: day 5- baseline, HCT: day 4-baseline, TOR: day 4-baseline, Empa+ HCT: day 9- baseline, Empa+ TOR: day 9- baseline,~The mean for the Empa arm represent combined adjusted means of all four sequences that is Empa administered before or after the administration of either TOR, HCT and their combination with Empa" (NCT01276288)
Timeframe: 24 hour sampling interval at baseline and then day 5 for Empa, day 4 for TOR and HCT, day 9 for Empa+TOR and Empa+HCT
| Intervention | g/day (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Empagliflozin (Empa) | 134.700 |
| Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) | -55.300 |
| Torasemide (TOR) | -39.000 |
| Empa+ HCT | 429.000 |
| Empa + TOR | 353.200 |
"Change in urine osmolality from baseline, where baseline was defined as the measurement obtained before first drug administration in the first period~The mean change from baseline was evaluated as:~Empa: day 6- baseline, HCT: day 5-baseline, TOR: day 5-baseline, Empa+ HCT: day 10- baseline, Empa+ TOR: day 10- baseline,~The mean for the Empa arm represent combined adjusted means of all four sequences that is Empa administered before or after the administration of either TOR, HCT and their combination with Empa" (NCT01276288)
Timeframe: baseline and then day 6 for Empa, day 5 for TOR and HCT, day 10 for Empa+TOR and Empa+HCT
| Intervention | mOsm/kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Empagliflozin (Empa) | 223.15 |
| Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) | -3.900 |
| Torasemide (TOR) | -5.800 |
| Empa+ HCT | 217.700 |
| Empa + TOR | 330.400 |
"Change in urine pH from baseline, where baseline was defined as the measurement obtained before first drug administration in the first period~The mean change from baseline was evaluated as:~Empa: day 6- baseline, HCT: day 5-baseline, TOR: day 5-baseline, Empa+ HCT: day 10- baseline, Empa+ TOR: day 10- baseline,~The mean for the Empa arm represent combined adjusted means of all four sequences that is Empa administered before or after the administration of either TOR, HCT and their combination with Empa" (NCT01276288)
Timeframe: baseline and then day 6 for Empa, day 5 for TOR and HCT, day 10 for Empa+TOR and Empa+HCT
| Intervention | pH (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Empagliflozin (Empa) | -0.132 |
| Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) | -0.452 |
| Torasemide (TOR) | -0.147 |
| Empa+ HCT | -0.448 |
| Empa + TOR | 0.130 |
Maximum measured concentration of Empa in plasma (Cmax, ss) at steady state (NCT01276288)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, and 24 post-dose on Day 5 with EMPA alone and on Day 9 with EMPA plus diuretic. The Pre-dose values were averaged over Days 1 to 4 with EMPA alone and on Days 7 & 8 with EMPA plus diuretic
| Intervention | nmol/L (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Empagliflozin (Empa) | 939 |
| Empa+ HCT | 1030 |
| Empa + TOR | 949 |
Maximum measured concentration of HCT in plasma (Cmax, ss) at steady state (NCT01276288)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, and 24 post-dose on Day 4 with HCT alone and on Day 9 with EMPA plus HCT. The Pre-dose values were averaged over Days 1 to 3 with HCT alone and on Days 7 & 8 with EMPA plus HCT
| Intervention | ng/mL (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) | 203 |
| HCT+ Empa | 205 |
Maximum measured concentration of Empa in plasma (Cmax, ss) at steady state (NCT01276288)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, and 24 post-dose on Day 4 with TOR alone and on Day 9 with EMPA plus TOR. The Pre-dose values were averaged over Days 1 to 3 with TOR alone and on Days 7 & 8 with EMPA plus TOR
| Intervention | ng/mL (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Torasemide (TOR) | 710 |
| TOR+ Empa | 741 |
| TOR Metabolite (TOR-M1) | 42.6 |
| TOR Metabolite (TOR-M3) | 8.58 |
| TOR-M1+ Empa | 43.8 |
| TOR-M3 + Empa | 8.79 |
"Number of subjects with clinical relevant abnormalities in vital signs (blood pressure, pulse rate), 12-lead resting electrocardiogram (ECG), clinical laboratory tests (haematology, clinical chemistry, urinalysis, and monitoring of fasting plasma glucose), physical examination and assessment of tolerability by the investigator.~New abnormal findings were reported as Adverse Events (AE). Only Alanine aminotransferase normal under system organ class investigations was determined as an existing AE." (NCT01276288)
Timeframe: From first drug administration until up to 14 days after the last drug administration, up to 35 days
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Empagliflozin (Empa) | 1 |
| Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) | 0 |
| Torasemide (TOR) | 0 |
| Empa+ HCT | 0 |
| Empa + TOR | 0 |
For this endpoint the change in total micturition frequency from the baseline was only examined for EMPA where baseline was defined as the day before the first drug administration. (NCT01276288)
Timeframe: Baseline and day 5
| Intervention | voids per day (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Empagliflozin (Empa) | 1.600 |
The change in total Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) that represents an area under the curve of all C-fiber action potentials per minute. This endpoint was evaluated only for Empa. For this endpoint a baseline value was not defined. However, the parameters obtained at 2 measurements time points during the trial were compared. (NCT01276288)
Timeframe: One day before the drug administration, then day 4 after the first drug administration
| Intervention | action potentials per min (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Empagliflozin (Empa) | 0.241 |
"Change in clearance of sodium, potassium, creatinine, magnesium, chloride,calcium, phosphate and uric acid from baseline, where baseline is defined as the value obtained from the last 24-h collection period before the first drug administration in the first treatment period.~The mean change from baseline was evaluated as:~Empa: day 5- baseline, HCT: day 4-baseline, TOR: day 4-baseline, Empa+ HCT: day 9- baseline, Empa+ TOR: day 9- baseline,~The means for the Empa arm represent combined adjusted means of all four sequences that is Empa administered before or after the administration of either TOR, HCT and their combination with Empa" (NCT01276288)
Timeframe: 24 hour sampling interval at baseline and then day 5 for Empa, day 4 for TOR and HCT, day 9 for Empa+TOR and Empa+HCT
| Intervention | ml/min (Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sodium | Chloride | Potassium | Magnesium | Calcium | Phosphate | Uric Acid | Creatinine | |
| Empa + TOR | -0.004 | -0.117 | 2.324 | 0.209 | -0.174 | 2.359 | 4.359 | -11.768 |
| Empa+ HCT | 0.143 | 0.114 | 4.125 | 1.115 | -0.407 | 2.795 | 5.065 | -10.126 |
| Empagliflozin (Empa) | -0.031 | -0.129 | 2.040 | 0.398 | -0.326 | 5.275 | 6.377 | 3.167 |
| Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) | -0.055 | -0.058 | 2.205 | 1.826 | -0.299 | 4.633 | -0.476 | -7.034 |
| Torasemide (TOR) | -0.071 | -0.157 | -0.518 | 1.148 | -0.065 | 4.368 | -1.310 | -4.250 |
"Change in serum concentration of Creatinine and Uric acid from baseline, where baseline was defined as the measurement obtained before first drug administration in the first period~The mean change from baseline was evaluated as:~Empa: day 5- baseline, HCT: day 4-baseline, TOR: day 4-baseline, Empa+ HCT: day 9- baseline, Empa+ TOR: day 9- baseline,~The means for the Empa arm represent combined adjusted means of all four sequences that is Empa administered before or after the administration of either TOR, HCT and their combination with Empa" (NCT01276288)
Timeframe: baseline and then day 5 for Empa, day 4 for TOR and HCT, day 9 for Empa+TOR and Empa+HCT
| Intervention | umol/L (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Creatinine | Uric acid | |
| Empa + TOR | 3.570 | -48.200 |
| Empa+ HCT | 6.280 | -31.000 |
| Empagliflozin (Empa) | 2.175 | -64.950 |
| Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) | -0.340 | 24.200 |
| Torasemide (TOR) | -2.180 | -4.700 |
"Change in serum concentration of Renin, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D from baseline , where baseline was defined as the measurement obtained before first drug administration in the first period~The mean change from baseline was evaluated as:~Empa: day 6- baseline, HCT: day 5-baseline, TOR: day 5-baseline, Empa+ HCT: day 10- baseline, Empa+ TOR: day 10- baseline,~The means for the Empa arm represent combined adjusted means of all four sequences that is Empa administered before or after the administration of either TOR, HCT and their combination with Empa" (NCT01276288)
Timeframe: baseline and then day 6 for Empa, day 5 for TOR and HCT, day 10 for Empa+TOR and Empa+HCT
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Renin | iPTH | 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D | |
| Empa + TOR | 17.050 | 12.190 | -0.970 |
| Empa+ HCT | 32.760 | 9.280 | -5.060 |
| Empagliflozin (Empa) | -0.960 | 8.265 | 0.230 |
| Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) | 16.150 | 6.160 | 1.560 |
| Torasemide (TOR) | 2.550 | 6.910 | 3.530 |
"Change in serum concentration of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, chloride, phosphate, glucose and urea from baseline, where baseline was defined as the measurement obtained before first drug administration in the first period~The mean change from baseline was evaluated as:~Empa: day 6- baseline, HCT: day 5-baseline, TOR: day 5-baseline, Empa+ HCT: day 10- baseline, Empa+ TOR: day 10- baseline,~The means for the Empa arm represent combined adjusted means of all four sequences that is Empa administered before or after the administration of either TOR, HCT and their combination with Empa" (NCT01276288)
Timeframe: baseline and then day 6 for Empa, day 5 for TOR and HCT, day 10 for Empa+TOR and Empa+HCT
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sodium | Potassium | Magnesium | Chloride | Calcium | Phosphate | Urea | Glucose | |
| Empa + TOR | 1.600 | -0.360 | 0.145 | 2.100 | -0.060 | 0.050 | 2.122 | -0.526 |
| Empa+ HCT | -0.100 | -0.530 | 0.130 | -3.200 | -0.010 | 0.170 | 1.504 | -0.033 |
| Empagliflozin (Empa) | 1.500 | -0.170 | 0.139 | 2.050 | -0.055 | 0.045 | 0.710 | -1.123 |
| Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) | -0.500 | -0.470 | 0.025 | -2.600 | -0.040 | 0.060 | 0.650 | 0.849 |
| Torasemide (TOR) | 0.200 | -0.200 | 0.059 | 1.000 | -0.080 | -0.060 | 0.318 | 0.527 |
"Change in urinary excretion in a 24-hour period of sodium, potassium, magnesium, chloride, calcium, phosphate, creatinine, uric acid, glucose from baseline, where baseline was defined as the value obtained from the last 24-hour (h) collection period before the first drug administration in the first treatment period. This applies also to sodium excretion in urine, which is additionally obtained one day before the drug administration before the second period.~The mean change from baseline was evaluated as:~Empa: day 5- baseline, HCT: day 4-baseline, TOR: day 4-baseline, Empa+ HCT: day 9- baseline, Empa+ TOR: day 9- baseline,~The means for the Empa arm represent combined adjusted means of all four sequences that is Empa administered before or after the administration of either TOR, HCT and their combination with Empa" (NCT01276288)
Timeframe: 24 hour sampling interval at baseline and then day 5 for Empa, day 4 for TOR and HCT, day 9 for Empa+TOR and Empa+HCT
| Intervention | mmol/day (Mean) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sodium | Chloride | Potassium | Magnesium | Calcium | Phosphate | Creatinine | Uric acid | Glucose | |
| Empa + TOR | 1.200 | -14.600 | 8.460 | 1.050 | -0.740 | 5.000 | -0.040 | 1.244 | 740.910 |
| Empa+ HCT | 28.900 | 11.400 | 15.790 | 2.030 | -1.360 | 8.300 | 0.022 | 1.555 | 685.233 |
| Empagliflozin (Empa) | -4.300 | -16.300 | 10.370 | 1.190 | -1.160 | 9.250 | 0.091 | 1.641 | 599.449 |
| Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) | -11.700 | -12.300 | 6.200 | 2.270 | -1.020 | 9.000 | -0.078 | -0.037 | 17.584 |
| Torasemide (TOR) | -13.700 | -22.000 | -6.990 | 1.720 | -0.430 | 4.900 | -0.073 | -0.500 | 17.932 |
"Changes in bicarbonate concentrations of calcium, bicarbonate ions and base excess in capillary or arterialised blood from baseline, where baseline was defined as the last measurement before trial drug administration of each treatment period~The mean change from baseline was evaluated as:~Empa: day 6- baseline, HCT: day 5-baseline, TOR: day 5-baseline, Empa+ HCT: day 10- baseline, Empa+ TOR: day 10- baseline,~The means for the Empa arm represent combined adjusted means of all four sequences that is Empa administered before or after the administration of either TOR, HCT and their combination with Empa" (NCT01276288)
Timeframe: baseline and then day 6 for Empa, day 5 for TOR and HCT, day 10 for Empa+TOR and Empa+HCT
| Intervention | mmol/ L (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Bicarbonate concentrations of calcium | bicarbonate ions | Base excess | |
| Empa + TOR | -1.590 | -0.049 | -1.450 |
| Empa+ HCT | 1.860 | -0.053 | 1.720 |
| Empagliflozin (Empa) | -1.090 | -0.049 | -1.045 |
| Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) | 2.020 | -0.043 | 1.640 |
| Torasemide (TOR) | -0.400 | -0.041 | -0.420 |
Urinary sodium excretion over 24-hour run-in periods to assess the harmonisation of electrolytes after intake of a standardised diet (NCT01276288)
Timeframe: Day 3, 2 and 1 before the first drug administration
| Intervention | mmol/day (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 days before the drug administration | 2 days before the drug administration | 1 day before the drug administration | |
| Empagliflozin (Empa) | 198.50 | 174.35 | 163.90 |
| Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) | 211.10 | 183.30 | 170.10 |
| Torasemide (TOR) | 217.90 | 178.70 | 179.10 |
(NCT01590797)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -47.9 |
| Placebo | -21.3 |
(NCT01590797)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | A1C % (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -0.72 |
| Placebo | -0.34 |
(NCT01590797)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | A1C % (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -0.67 |
| Placebo | -0.32 |
An AE is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure, that occurs during the course of the study. (NCT01590797)
Timeframe: Up to Week 24
| Intervention | Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 4 |
| Placebo | 2 |
An adverse event (AE) is defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign including an abnormal laboratory finding, symptom or disease associated with the use of a medical treatment or procedure, regardless of whether it is considered related to the medical treatment or procedure, that occurs during the course of the study. (NCT01590797)
Timeframe: Up to Week 26
| Intervention | Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 126 |
| Placebo | 116 |
"Change from baseline in Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) [%] after 24 weeks of treatment with double-blind trial medication, i.e. HbA1c change from baseline at Week 24. The term baseline was not used to refer to measurements prior to the administration of open-label medication. Such measurements were referred to as pre-treatment. Analyses of change from pre-treatment used the last value before first administration of open-label medication as point of reference.~Observed Case (OC): This method analyse only available data that were observed while patients were on treatment, i.e., excluding the missing data. All values measured after rescue medication taken were set to missing. Full Analysis Set (FAS): Includes all patients in the Treated set who had a baseline HbA1c assessment and at least 1 on-treatment HbA1c assessment during the double-blind part of the trial." (NCT01778049)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lina5 (E10) | -0.53 |
| Plc (E10) | -0.21 |
| Lina5 (E25) | -0.58 |
| Plc (E25) | -0.10 |
Change from baseline FPG (mmol/L) after 24 weeks of treatment with double-blind trial medication, i.e. FPG change from baseline at Week 24. (NCT01778049)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 weeks
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lina5 (E10) | -0.44 |
| Plc (E10) | 0.21 |
| Lina5 (E25) | -0.68 |
| Plc (E25) | -0.24 |
Change from baseline at Week 24 is defined as Week 24 FPG minus Week 0 FPG. Efficacy analyses treated data as missing after the initiation of rescue therapy. (NCT01177384)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -17.9 |
| Placebo | -3.5 |
A1C is measured as a percent. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 24 A1C percent minus the Week 0 A1C percent. Efficacy analyses treated data as missing after the initiation of rescue therapy. (NCT01177384)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -0.76 |
| Placebo | -0.14 |
(NCT01177384)
Timeframe: Up to 24 Weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 5 |
| Placebo | 2 |
(NCT01177384)
Timeframe: Up to Week 24 + 14 Day Post-Study Follow-up
| Intervention | Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 62 |
| Placebo | 58 |
A1C is a measure of the percentage of glycated hemoglobin in the blood. Participant whole blood samples were collected at baseline and Week 24 to determine the least squares mean A1C change from baseline. (NCT01841697)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Omarigliptin 25 mg Once Weekly | -0.47 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg Once Daily | -0.43 |
Participant whole blood samples were collected after an overnight fast at baseline and Week 24 to determine the least squares mean change from baseline in participant FPG. (NCT01841697)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Omarigliptin 25 mg Once Weekly | -13.7 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg Once Daily | -9.5 |
Participant whole blood samples were collected at Week 24 to determine the percentage of participants achieving A1C <6.5% at Week 24. (NCT01841697)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Omarigliptin 25 mg Once Weekly | 27.0 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg Once Daily | 22.8 |
Participant whole blood samples were collected at Week 24 to determine the number of participants achieving A1C <7.0% at Week 24. (NCT01841697)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Omarigliptin 25 mg Once Weekly | 50.9 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg Once Daily | 49.1 |
An adverse event is defined as any unfavourable and unintended sign, symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product or protocol-specified procedure, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product or protocol-specified procedure. Any worsening (i.e., any clinically significant adverse change in frequency and/or intensity) of a preexisting condition that is temporally associated with the use of the Sponsor's product, is also an adverse event. Data presented below excludes data after initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT01841697)
Timeframe: Up to 24 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Omarigliptin 25 mg Once Weekly | 0.9 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg Once Daily | 2.2 |
An adverse event is defined as any unfavourable and unintended sign, symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product or protocol-specified procedure, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product or protocol-specified procedure. Any worsening (i.e., any clinically significant adverse change in frequency and/or intensity) of a preexisting condition that is temporally associated with the use of the Sponsor's product, is also an adverse event. Data presented below excludes data after initiation of glycemic rescue therapy. (NCT01841697)
Timeframe: Up to 27 weeks (including 3-week follow-up)
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Omarigliptin 25 mg Once Weekly | 36.3 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg Once Daily | 40.6 |
Endothelial function 2h post-meal was measured by endothelial independent vasodilation (EIDV). The change from baseline was calculated as the value on Day 28 divided by the respective value at baseline. (NCT01703286)
Timeframe: baseline and day 28 for each treatment arm
| Intervention | percentage (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin 5 mg | 1.003 |
| Glimepiride 1-4 mg | 1.053 |
| Placebo | 0.981 |
Endothelial function 2 hours post meal was measured with flow mediated vasodilation (FMD). The change from baseline was calculated as the value on Day 28 divided by the respective value at baseline. (NCT01703286)
Timeframe: baseline and day 28 for each treatment arm
| Intervention | Percentage (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin 5 mg | 1.262 |
| Glimepiride 1-4 mg | 1.045 |
| Placebo | 1.009 |
Endothelial function under fasted condition was measured with flow mediated vasodilation (FMD). The change from baseline was calculated as the value on Day 28 divided by the respective value at baseline. (NCT01703286)
Timeframe: baseline and day 28 for each treatment arm
| Intervention | percentage (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin 5 mg | 0.885 |
| Glimepiride 1-4 mg | 1.002 |
| Placebo | 1.002 |
Number of patients with any adverse events (NCT01703286)
Timeframe: up to 20 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin 5 mg | 11 |
| Glimepiride 1-4 mg | 25 |
| Placebo | 14 |
| REP - Linagliptin 5 mg | 4 |
| REP - Glimepiride 1-4 mg | 7 |
| Rep - Placebo | 7 |
Echocardiographic epicardial fat thickness is an non invasive, inexpensive, reproducible and direct measure of visceral fat. In fact, epicardial fat strongly reflects the intra-abdominal and intra-myocardial fat accumulation as measured by magnetic resonance imaging procedures. (NCT02014740)
Timeframe: 6 months
| Intervention | mm (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 3-month | 6-month | |
| Liraglutide | 9.6 | 6.8 | 6.2 |
| Metformin | 7.4 | 7.5 | 6.9 |
A measurement of endothelial function in humans (NCT01859793)
Timeframe: Change before and after a single dose (2 hours post) and 8 weeks after daily dosing
| Intervention | %FMD (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Prior To Intervention | 2 hours post acute dose | Following 8 weeks of therapy | |
| Matching Placebo | 5.2 | 5.6 | 6.0 |
| Sitagliptin | 5.6 | 6.3 | 5.8 |
(NCT01859793)
Timeframe: Change before and after acute dose (2 hours) and 8 weeks after daily dosing of medication
| Intervention | mg/mL (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-Intervention | 2 hours post acute dose | post 8 weeks of therapy | |
| Matching Placebo | 226 | 216 | 228 |
| Sitagliptin | 223 | 211 | 232 |
(NCT01859793)
Timeframe: Change before and after acute dose (2 hours) and 8 weeks after daily dosing of medication
| Intervention | mg/mL (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-Intervention | 2 hours post acute dose | post 8 weeks of therapy | |
| Matching Placebo | 584 | 575 | 620 |
| Sitagliptin | 608 | 574 | 620 |
The change in 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose from baseline (Day 1) to Visit 8 (Week 16) was analyzed using a general linear model including treatment, and baseline HbA1c stratum (< 9% or ≥ 9%) as fixed factors, and the baseline 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose concentrations as a covariate. (NCT01652729)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 16
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Experimental: Exenatide | -59.57 |
| Active Comparator: Sitagliptin | -23.61 |
| Placebo Comparator: Placebo | -38.68 |
The change in body weight (kg) from baseline (Day 1) to Week 28/Study Termination. (NCT01652729)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 28
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Experimental: Exenatide | -1.12 |
| Active Comparator: Sitagliptin | -1.19 |
| Placebo Comparator: Placebo | 0.15 |
The change in fasting plasma glucose concentrations from baseline (Day 1) to Week 28/Study Termination. (NCT01652729)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 28
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Experimental: Exenatide | -21.3 |
| Active Comparator: Sitagliptin | -11.3 |
| Placebo Comparator: Placebo | 9.6 |
Absolute change in HbA1c from baseline (Day 1, Visit 3) to Week 28/Study Termination (Visit 11). Hypothesis testing on the primary endpoint followed a serial gated procedure with all tests carried out at a 2-sided significance level of 0.05 to protect the family-wise error rate. These tests were conducted sequentially, and are presented in the statistical analysis section below in the order in which they were performed; each test was the gatekeeper of later tests. (NCT01652729)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 28
| Intervention | percentage of total hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Experimental: Exenatide | -1.13 |
| Active Comparator: Sitagliptin | -0.75 |
| Placebo Comparator: Placebo | -0.40 |
Percentage of subjects achieving HbA1c target values of < 7.0% at Week 28/Study Termination. (NCT01652729)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 28
| Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Yes | Baseline No | Week 28 Yes | Week 28 No | |
| Active Comparator: Sitagliptin | 1.6 | 98.4 | 32.0 | 68.0 |
| Experimental: Exenatide | 3.3 | 96.7 | 43.1 | 56.9 |
| Placebo Comparator: Placebo | 3.3 | 96.7 | 24.6 | 75.4 |
HbA1c is blood marker used to report average blood glucose levels over prolonged periods of time and is reported as a percentage (%). Change from baseline reflects the Week 44 A1C minus baseline A1C. Baseline is defined as Visit 6/Week 20. If this measurement was unavailable, the Week 16 value was used. Change from baseline was based on the constrained longitudinal data analysis (cLDA) model including all available measurements from baseline through the last visit. The terms in the cLDA model include treatment, time in weeks (categorical), regions, and treatment-by-time interaction. (NCT01709305)
Timeframe: Phase 2 Baseline (Week 20) and Week 44
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Glimepiride | -0.65 |
| Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Repaglinide | -0.62 |
| Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Acarbose | -0.46 |
| Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Gliclazide | -0.69 |
Change from baseline in body weight in Phase 2 was reported. Change from baseline reflects the Week 44 body weight minus baseline body weight. Baseline is defined as Visit 6/Week 20. If this measurement was unavailable, the Week 16 value was used. (NCT01709305)
Timeframe: Phase 2 Baseline (Week 20), Week 44
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Glimepiride | 0.4 |
| Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Repaglinide | 0.2 |
| Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Acarbose | -0.9 |
| Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Gliclazide | 0.2 |
"The percentage of participants with a GI AE of nausea was reported." (NCT01709305)
Timeframe: From Week 20 through Week 44
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Glimepiride | 0 |
| Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Repaglinide | 0 |
| Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Acarbose | 0.4 |
| Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Gliclazide | 0.2 |
"The percentage of participants with a GI AE of abdominal pain was reported." (NCT01709305)
Timeframe: From Week 20 through Week 44
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Glimepiride | 0 |
| Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Repaglinide | 0 |
| Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Acarbose | 0.4 |
| Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Gliclazide | 0.2 |
"The percentage of participants with a GI AE of diarrhea was reported." (NCT01709305)
Timeframe: From Week 20 through Week 44
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Glimepiride | 0.5 |
| Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Repaglinide | 0.4 |
| Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Acarbose | 0.4 |
| Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Gliclazide | 0.9 |
"The percentage of participants with a GI AE of vomiting was reported." (NCT01709305)
Timeframe: From Week 20 through Week 44
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Glimepiride | 0.2 |
| Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Repaglinide | 0 |
| Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Acarbose | 0.2 |
| Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Gliclazide | 0.2 |
Hypoglycemia events represent epidsodes symptomatic of hypoglycemia (e.g., weakness, dizziness, shakiness, increased sweating, palpitations, or confusion) and/or finger stick glucose values of ≤70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). The percentage of participants with hypoglycemia events was reported. (NCT01709305)
Timeframe: From Week 20 through Week 44
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Glimepiride | 8.9 |
| Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Repaglinide | 6.1 |
| Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Acarbose | 0.5 |
| Phase 2: Metformin + Sitagliptin + Gliclazide | 3.6 |
Primary Objective: Efficacy of saxagliptin plus metformin on glycemic control compared with acarbose plus metformin in patients with T2D inadequately controlled with metformin. By Measure absolute change from baseline in HbA1c at Week 24 (NCT02243176)
Timeframe: From baseline to 24 week
| Intervention | % (HbA1c) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin | -0.82 |
| Acarbose | -0.78 |
The primary endpoint was analyzed based on Per protocol analysis set as the supportive analysis. (NCT02243176)
Timeframe: From baseline to 24 week
| Intervention | % (HbA1c) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin | -0.83 |
| Acarbose | -0.80 |
Secondary objective: Effects of saxagliptin versus acarbose on the additional parameters, by measure change from baseline in fasting plasma glucose, 2h postprandial glucose, β-cell function, body weight at week 24 (NCT02243176)
Timeframe: From baseline to 24 week
| Intervention | mmol/l (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin | -0.77 |
| Acarbose | -1.07 |
Secondary objective: Effects of saxagliptin versus acarbose on the additional parameters, by measure change from baseline in fasting plasma glucose, 2h postprandial glucose, β-cell function, body weight at week 24 (NCT02243176)
Timeframe: From baseline to 24 week
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin | -1.36 |
| Acarbose | -2.05 |
Secondary objective: Effects of saxagliptin versus acarbose on the additional parameters, by measure change from baseline in fasting plasma glucose, 2h postprandial glucose, β-cell function, body weight at week 24 (NCT02243176)
Timeframe: From baseline to 24 week
| Intervention | mmol/l (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin | -0.99 |
| Acarbose | -1.01 |
Secondary objective: Effects of saxagliptin versus acarbose on the additional parameters, by measure change from baseline in fasting plasma glucose, 2h postprandial glucose, β-cell function was estimated by the Homeostasis model assessment-β (HOMA-β), which was defined as fasting insulin (mU/mL) x 20 / (fasting glucose (mmol/mL) - 3.5, body weight at week 24 (NCT02243176)
Timeframe: From baseline to 24 week
| Intervention | mU/mmol (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin | 20.56 |
| Acarbose | 13.08 |
Secondary Objective: Effects of saxagliptin versus acarbose on the additional parameters, by measure proportion (%) of patients achieving a therapeutic glycemic response defined as HbA1c<7.0% (NCT02243176)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin | 38.3 |
| Acarbose | 41.5 |
Secondary Objective: Assessment of any gastrointestinal adverse events of saxagliptin versus acarbose. by measure proportion (%) of patients achieving HbA1c<7.0% without GI adverse events. (NCT02243176)
Timeframe: Whole study duration
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin | 37.0 |
| Acarbose | 28.8 |
Secondary Objective: Assessment of any gastrointestinal adverse events of saxagliptin versus acarbose. by measure proportion (%) of patients with any gastrointestinal adverse events. (NCT02243176)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| NO | YES | |
| Acarbose | 75.3 | 24.7 |
| Saxagliptin | 94.5 | 5.5 |
Baseline and end-of-treatment fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) values represent average of up to 3 measurements for each value (obtained at baseline weeks -2, -1, and 0 and at the end of study at weeks 8, 9, and 10). (NCT02437084)
Timeframe: 10 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | End of Study | |
| Individuals Without Diabetes Eligible to Receive Statin Therapy | 99 | 100 |
Baseline and end-of-treatment fasting plasma insulin (mU/L) values represent average of up to 3 measurements for each value (obtained at baseline weeks -2, -1, and 0 and at the end of study at weeks 8, 9, and 10). (NCT02437084)
Timeframe: 10 weeks
| Intervention | mU/L (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | End of Study | |
| Individuals Without Diabetes Eligible to Receive Statin Therapy | 10.1 | 10.6 |
Insulin secretion measured by ISR-AUC (pmol/min x 4 h) during the graded glucose infusion test. (NCT02437084)
Timeframe: baseline, week 9 or 10
| Intervention | pmol/min x 4 h (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | End of Study | |
| Individuals Without Diabetes Eligible to Receive Statin Therapy | 1824 | 1942 |
Glucose area under the curve (AUC) (mg/dL x 2 h) measured during a 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). (NCT02437084)
Timeframe: baseline, week 8
| Intervention | mg/dL x 2 h (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | End of Study | |
| Individuals Without Diabetes Eligible to Receive Statin Therapy | 295 | 299 |
Insulin area under the curve (AUC) (mU/L x 2h) measured during a 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). (NCT02437084)
Timeframe: baseline, week 8
| Intervention | mU/L x 2 h (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | End of Study | |
| Individuals Without Diabetes Eligible to Receive Statin Therapy | 127 | 133 |
Insulin sensitivity measured by SSPG concentration (mg/dL) during the insulin suppression test. (NCT02437084)
Timeframe: baseline, week 9 or 10
| Intervention | mg/dL (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | End of Study | |
| Individuals Without Diabetes Eligible to Receive Statin Therapy | 130 | 139 |
Change in percent body fat (NCT01881828)
Timeframe: 0-26 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin | -0 |
| Oral Placebo | 1 |
(NCT01881828)
Timeframe: 0-26 weeks
| Intervention | percentile (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin | -1 |
| Oral Placebo | 1 |
(NCT01881828)
Timeframe: 0-26 weeks
| Intervention | insulin per kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin | -0.1 |
| Oral Placebo | -0.0 |
(NCT01881828)
Timeframe: 0-26 weeks
| Intervention | centimeters (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin | -0 |
| Oral Placebo | 1 |
(NCT01881828)
Timeframe: 0-26 weeks
| Intervention | mm Hg (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Systolic | Change in Diastolic | |
| Metformin | 0 | 0 |
| Oral Placebo | -0 | 0 |
Hemoglobin A1c is a measure of glycemic control over approximately the past 3 months (NCT01881828)
Timeframe: 0-26 weeks
| Intervention | percentage (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| HbA1c | Change from Baseline to 26 Weeks | |
| Metformin | 9.0 | 0.2 |
| Oral Placebo | 8.9 | 0.2 |
Hemoglobin A1c is a measure of glycemic control over approximately the past 3 months (NCT01881828)
Timeframe: 0-26 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| HbA1c Decrease ≥0.5% | HbA1c Increase ≥0.5% | HbA1c <7.5% | |
| Metformin | 19 | 44 | 3 |
| Oral Placebo | 18 | 35 | 4 |
(NCT01881828)
Timeframe: 0-26 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change in LDL | Change in VLDL | Change in HDL | Change in Triglycerides | Change in Total Cholesterol | |
| Metformin | -6 | -0 | -0 | 4 | -5 |
| Oral Placebo | 2 | 1 | -1 | 6 | 3 |
(NCT01954771)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | percentage (Median) |
|---|---|
| Control Group | 6.9 |
| SMBG-4 Group | 6.7 |
| SMBG-7 Group | 6.6 |
The peak value:>16.7mmol/L(which may precipitate ketosis),nadir:≤2.8mmol/L(Severe hypoglycemia). (NCT01954771)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | mmol/L (Median) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peak at baseline | Nadir at baseline | Peak at endpoint | Nadir at endpoint | |
| Control Group | 8.86 | 6.87 | 8.74 | 6.32 |
| SMBG-4 Group | 8.72 | 6.05 | 8.00 | 6.55 |
| SMBG-7 Group | 8.80 | 6.15 | 8.68 | 6.44 |
Severe hypoglycemia is defined as glucose concentration of ≤2.8mmol/L (50 mg/dL). (NCT01954771)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline CGMS | End-point CGMS | SMBG | |
| Control Group | 4 | 3 | 1 |
| SMBG-4 Group | 3 | 1 | 0 |
| SMBG-7 Group | 7 | 3 | 1 |
A correlation coefficient of 0.5 is defined as large effect size.(Cohen Jacob.Statistical power analysis for the the behavioral sciences.2nd edition.Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.1988:80) (NCT01954771)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | mmol/L (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| MBG from SMBG | MBG from CGMS at endpoint | |
| Control Group | 7.92 | 7.62 |
| SMBG-4 Group | 8.00 | 7.24 |
| SMBG-7 Group | 7.81 | 7.76 |
Ambulatory glucose profile (AGP) reports were examined for the changes in the incidence of hypoglycemia (CGM<70 mg/dL) (NCT00993824)
Timeframe: 2 week periods at the start of treatment 1, end of treatment 1, start of treatment 2, and end of treatment 2.
| Intervention | percentage of time <70 mg/dL (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start of Treatment 1 | End of Treatment 1 | Start of Treatment 2 | End of Treatment 2 | |
| Placebo Then Welchol | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.6 |
| Welchol Then Placebo | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.6 |
Overnight glucose captured by CGM. (NCT00993824)
Timeframe: 2 week periods at the start of treatment 1, end of treatment 1, start of treatment 2, and end of treatment 2.
| Intervention | mg/(dL/hr) normalized (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start of Treatment 1 | End of Treatment 1 | Start of Treatment 2 | End of Treatment 2 | |
| Placebo Then Welchol | 161.9 | 160.2 | 147.9 | 143.6 |
| Welchol Then Placebo | 147.4 | 148.0 | 158.8 | 172.0 |
Double Blinded CGM used for 2 week periods at the start of treatment 1, end of treatment 1, start of treatment 2, and end of treatment 2. (NCT00993824)
Timeframe: 2 week periods at the start of treatment 1, end of treatment 1, start of treatment 2, and end of treatment 2.
| Intervention | mg/(dL/hr) normalized (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start of Treatment 1 | End of Treatment 1 | Start of Treatment 2 | End of Treatment 2 | |
| Placebo Then Welchol | 175.9 | 175.1 | 159.4 | 159.4 |
| Welchol Then Placebo | 150.8 | 149.9 | 163.2 | 177.9 |
Wake glucose captured by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). (NCT00993824)
Timeframe: 2 week periods at the start of treatment 1, end of treatment 1, start of treatment 2, and end of treatment 2.
| Intervention | mg/(dL/hr) (normalized) (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start of Treatment 1 | End of Treatment 1 | Start of Treatment 2 | End of Treatment 2 | |
| Placebo Then Welchol | 180.9 | 180.6 | 163.8 | 165.2 |
| Welchol Then Placebo | 153.3 | 151.2 | 165.2 | 180.9 |
Change from baseline in appearance rate of oral glucose after 12 weeks of colesevelam alone or colesevelam plus sitagliptin treatments (NCT01092663)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | umol per kg per min (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | 118 |
| Colesevelam Plus Sitagliptin | -244 |
To evaluate the effect of treatments on plasma GLP-1 concentrations. (NCT01092663)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | pmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | 2.4 |
| Colesevelam Plus Sitagliptin | 2.8 |
Change from baseline in fasting endogenous glucose production after 12 weeks of colesevelam alone or colesevelam plus sitagliptin treatment (NCT01092663)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | micromoles (umol) per kg FFM per min (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | 1.0 |
| Colesevelam Plus Sitagliptin | 1.0 |
Change from baseline in fasting gluconeogenesis after 12 weeks of colesevelam alone or colesevelam plus sitagliptin treatment (NCT01092663)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | umol per kilogram (kg) FFM per min (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | 0.2 |
| Colesevelam Plus Sitagliptin | -0.3 |
Change from baseline in fasting glycogenolysis after 12 weeks of colesevelam alone or colesevelam plus sitagliptin treatment (NCT01092663)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | umol per kg Fat-Free Mass (FFM) per min (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | 0.8 |
| Colesevelam Plus Sitagliptin | 1.7 |
To evaluate the effect of treatments on fasting insulin concentrations (NCT01092663)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | pmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | 6 |
| Colesevelam Plus Sitagliptin | 12 |
To evaluate the effect of treatments on plasma glucagon concentrations. (NCT01092663)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | picograms (pg)/milliliter (ml) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | 1 |
| Colesevelam Plus Sitagliptin | 0 |
To evaluate the effect of treatments on plamsa C-peptide concentrations. (NCT01092663)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | picomoles (pmol)/Liter (L) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | 26 |
| Colesevelam Plus Sitagliptin | 103 |
Change from baseline in fasting plasma glucose concentrations after 12 weeks of colesevelam or colesevelam plus sitagliptin treatments. (NCT01092663)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | millimoles (mmol)/Liter (L) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | -0.8 |
| Colesevelam Plus Sitagliptin | -0.6 |
Change from baseline in fasting plasma glucose clearance after 12 weeks of colesevelam alone or colesevelam plus sitagliptin treatments. (NCT01092663)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | ml per kg FFM per minute (min) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | 0.30 |
| Colesevelam Plus Sitagliptin | 0.27 |
To evaluate the effect of treatments on plasma Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Peptide (GIP) concentrations. (NCT01092663)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | pmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | 1.8 |
| Colesevelam Plus Sitagliptin | -1.3 |
Change from baseline in hemoglobin A1C after 12 weeks of colesevelam or colesevelam plus sitagliptin treatments (NCT01092663)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | percentage (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | 0.3 |
| Colesevelam Plus Sitagliptin | -0.1 |
To evaluate the effects of treatments on postprandial active GLP-1 (AUC) (NCT01092663)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | pmol/l x min (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | 1.8 |
| Colesevelam Plus Sitagliptin | 6.6 |
To evaluate the effect of treatments on postprandial C-peptide (AUC) (NCT01092663)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | pmol/l x min (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | 30 |
| Colesevelam Plus Sitagliptin | 193 |
"Change from baseline in postprandial endogenous glucose production after 12 weeks of colesevelam alone or colesevelam plus sitagliptin treatments~Mean value was calculated using all results measured between 10 and 300 min post meal." (NCT01092663)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | umol per kg per min (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | -0.1 |
| Colesevelam Plus Sitagliptin | -0.2 |
To evaluate the effects of treatment on postprandial glucagon (AUC) (NCT01092663)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | picograms (pg)/milliter (ml) x min (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | -7 |
| Colesevelam Plus Sitagliptin | -4.7 |
Comparison between baseline and 12 weeks values of postrandial glucose (AUC). (NCT01092663)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | millimoles (mmol)/l x min (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | -1.1 |
| Colesevelam Plus Sitagliptin | -1.5 |
To evaluate the effect of treatments on postprandial insulin (AUC) (NCT01092663)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | pmol/l x min (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | -13 |
| Colesevelam Plus Sitagliptin | 40 |
"Change from baseline in postprandial rate of total glucose disposal (AUC) after 12 weeks of colesevelam alone or colesevelam plus sitagliptin treatments~AUC was calculated by the trapezoid method using all results measured between 0 and 300 min during the meal tolerance test." (NCT01092663)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | umol per kg per min (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | -10 |
| Colesevelam Plus Sitagliptin | -256 |
To evaluate the effects of treatment on postprandial total GIP (AUC) (NCT01092663)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | pmol/l x min (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | -2 |
| Colesevelam Plus Sitagliptin | -5 |
Change in baseline in whole-body glycolytic disposal of oral glucose after 12 weeks of colesevelam alone or colesevelam plus glucose treatments (NCT01092663)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | Percent of Load (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Colesevelam | 4 |
| Colesevelam Plus Sitagliptin | 2 |
"Change in beta cell function from baseline (week 0) to 16 weeks (end of treatment). Beta-cell function was derived from fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting insulin concentrations using the homeostasic model assessment (HOMA) method which uses the assumption that normal-weight normal subjects aged under 35 years have a 100% beta-cell function (HOMA-B).~Beta-cell function: HOMA-B (%) = 20∙fasting insulin[uU/mL] divided by (FPG mmol/L]-3.5)." (NCT00318461)
Timeframe: week 0, week 104
| Intervention | percentage point (%point) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 0.6 + Met | 64.48 |
| Lira 1.2 + Met | 27.30 |
| Lira 1.8 + Met | 17.81 |
| Met Mono | -7.89 |
| Met + Glim | 11.25 |
"Change in beta cell function from baseline (week 0) to 16 weeks (end of treatment). Beta-cell function was derived from fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting insulin concentrations using the homeostasic model assessment (HOMA) method which uses the assumption that normal-weight normal subjects aged under 35 years have a 100% beta-cell function (HOMA-B).~Beta-cell function: HOMA-B (%) = 20∙fasting insulin[uU/mL] divided by (FPG mmol/L]-3.5)." (NCT00318461)
Timeframe: week 0, week 26
| Intervention | percentage point (%point) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 0.6 + Met | 20.45 |
| Lira 1.2 + Met | 20.33 |
| Lira 1.8 + Met | 26.12 |
| Met Mono | -1.63 |
| Met + Glim | 24.68 |
Change in body weight from baseline (week 0) to 104 weeks (end of treatment) (NCT00318461)
Timeframe: week 0, week 104
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 0.6 + Met | -2.07 |
| Lira 1.2 + Met | -3.03 |
| Lira 1.8 + Met | -2.91 |
| Met Mono | -1.80 |
| Met + Glim | 0.70 |
Change in body weight from baseline (week 0) to 26 weeks (end of randomisation) (NCT00318461)
Timeframe: week 0, week 26
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 0.6 + Met | -1.78 |
| Lira 1.2 + Met | -2.58 |
| Lira 1.8 + Met | -2.79 |
| Met Mono | -1.51 |
| Met + Glim | 0.95 |
Change in Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from baseline (week 0) to 104 weeks (end of treatment) (NCT00318461)
Timeframe: week 0, week 104
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 0.6 + Met | -0.80 |
| Lira 1.2 + Met | -1.20 |
| Lira 1.8 + Met | -1.18 |
| Met Mono | 0.75 |
| Met + Glim | -0.64 |
Change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from baseline (week 0) to 26 weeks (end of randomisation) (NCT00318461)
Timeframe: week 0, week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 0.6 + Met | -1.13 |
| Lira 1.2 + Met | -1.63 |
| Lira 1.8 + Met | -1.68 |
| Met Mono | 0.40 |
| Met + Glim | -1.31 |
Change in glycosylated A1c (HbA1c) baseline (week 0) to 104 weeks (end of randomisation) (NCT00318461)
Timeframe: week 0, week 104
| Intervention | percentage of total haemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 0.6 + Met | -0.36 |
| Lira 1.2 + Met | -0.56 |
| Lira 1.8 + Met | -0.58 |
| Met Mono | 0.25 |
| Met + Glim | -0.50 |
Percentage point change in Glycosylated A1c (HbA1c) from baseline (week 0) to 26 weeks (end of randomisation) (NCT00318461)
Timeframe: week 0, week 26
| Intervention | Percentage point of total HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 0.6 + Met | -0.69 |
| Lira 1.2 + Met | -0.97 |
| Lira 1.8 + Met | -1.00 |
| Met Mono | 0.09 |
| Met + Glim | -0.98 |
Change in mean post prandial plasma glucose from baseline (Week 0) to 104 weeks (end of treatment) The 7 time points for self-measurements were: before each meal (breakfast, lunch and dinner), at 90 min after start of each meal (breakfast, lunch and dinner) and at bedtime. Mean post prandial plasma glucose were calculated as the sum of the post pradial plasma glucose values divided by three. (NCT00318461)
Timeframe: week 0, week 104
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 0.6 + Met | -1.59 |
| Lira 1.2 + Met | -2.22 |
| Lira 1.8 + Met | -2.10 |
| Met Mono | -0.43 |
| Met + Glim | -1.80 |
Change in mean post prandial plasma glucose from baseline (Week 0) to 26 weeks (end of randomisation). The 7 time points for self-measurements were: before each meal (breakfast, lunch and dinner), at 90 min after start of each meal (breakfast, lunch and dinner) and at bedtime. Mean post prandial plasma glucose were calculated as the sum of the post pradial plasma glucose values divided by three. (NCT00318461)
Timeframe: week 0, week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 0.6 + Met | -1.68 |
| Lira 1.2 + Met | -2.33 |
| Lira 1.8 + Met | -2.57 |
| Met Mono | -0.62 |
| Met + Glim | -2.46 |
"Change in mean prandial increments of plasma glucose based on self-measured 7-point plasma glucose profiles from baseline (week 0) to 104 weeks (end of treatment). The 7 time points for self-measurements were: before each meal (breakfast, lunch and dinner), at 90 min after start of each meal (breakfast, lunch and dinner) and at bedtime.~Mean prandial increments of plasma glucose were calculated as the sum of the plasma glucose differences between values measured before and after a meal (breakfast, lunch and dinner) divided by three." (NCT00318461)
Timeframe: week 0, week 104
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 0.6 + Met | -0.27 |
| Lira 1.2 + Met | -0.56 |
| Lira 1.8 + Met | -0.44 |
| Met Mono | -0.20 |
| Met + Glim | -0.29 |
"Change in mean prandial increments of plasma glucose based on self-measured 7-point plasma glucose profiles from baseline (week 0) to 26 weeks (end of randomisation). The 7 time points for self-measurements were: before each meal (breakfast, lunch and dinner), at 90 min after start of each meal (breakfast, lunch and dinner) and at bedtime.~Mean prandial increments of plasma glucose were calculated as the sum of the plasma glucose differences between values measured before and after a meal (breakfast, lunch and dinner) divided by three." (NCT00318461)
Timeframe: week 0, week 26
| Intervention | mmol/l (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 0.6 + Met | -0.23 |
| Lira 1.2 + Met | -0.40 |
| Lira 1.8 + Met | -0.56 |
| Met Mono | -0.44 |
| Met + Glim | -0.44 |
Total number of hypoglycaemic episodes occuring after baseline (week 0) until 104 weeks (end of treatment). Hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as major, minor, or symptoms only. Major if the subject was unable to treat her/himself. Minor if subject was able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose was below 3.1 mmol/L. Symptoms only if subject was able to treat her/himself and with no plasma glucose measurement or plasma glucose higher than or equal to 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT00318461)
Timeframe: weeks 0-104
| Intervention | episodes (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Major | Minor | Symptoms only | |
| Lira 0.6 + Met | 52 | 0 | 23 | 29 |
| Lira 1.2 + Met | 51 | 1 | 26 | 24 |
| Lira 1.8 + Met | 49 | 0 | 22 | 27 |
| Met + Glim | 524 | 0 | 284 | 240 |
| Met Mono | 18 | 0 | 6 | 12 |
Total number of hypoglycaemic episodes occuring after baseline (week 0) until week 26 (end of randomisation). Hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as major, minor, or symptoms only. Major if the subject was unable to treat her/himself. Minor if subject was able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose was below 3.1 mmol/L. Symptoms only if subject was able to treat her/himself and with no plasma glucose measurement or plasma glucose higher than or equal to 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT00318461)
Timeframe: weeks 0-26
| Intervention | episodes (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Major | Minor | Symptoms only | |
| Lira 0.6 + Met | 0 | 15 | 17 |
| Lira 1.2 + Met | 0 | 3 | 7 |
| Lira 1.8 + Met | 0 | 9 | 22 |
| Met + Glim | 0 | 136 | 175 |
| Met Mono | 0 | 6 | 10 |
The change between Body Weight measured at week 12 and Body Weight measured at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12.
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.28 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.64 |
| Placebo | -0.57 |
The change between Body Weight measured at week 20 and Body Weight measured at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20.
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.38 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.58 |
| Placebo | -0.40 |
The change between Body Weight measured at week 26 or final visit and Body Weight measured at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.39 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.67 |
| Placebo | -0.39 |
The change between Body Weight measured at week 8 and Body Weight measured at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8.
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.30 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.53 |
| Placebo | -0.12 |
The change between the value of C-peptide collected at week 12 and C-peptide collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | 0.154 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 0.246 |
| Placebo | -0.033 |
The change between the value of C-peptide collected at week 16 and C-peptide collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | 0.138 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 0.250 |
| Placebo | -0.018 |
The change between the value of C-peptide collected at week 20 and C-peptide collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | 0.007 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 0.054 |
| Placebo | -0.137 |
The change between the value of C-peptide collected at week 26 or final visit and C-peptide collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.083 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.214 |
| Placebo | -0.476 |
The change between the value of C-peptide collected at week 4 and C-peptide collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | 0.222 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 0.190 |
| Placebo | -0.114 |
The change between the value of C-peptide collected at week 8 and C-peptide collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | 0.215 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 0.238 |
| Placebo | 0.127 |
The change between the value of fasting plasma glucose collected at final visit or week 1 and fasting plasma glucose collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 1.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -14.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -12.5 |
| Placebo | -0.6 |
The change between the value of fasting plasma glucose collected at week 12 and fasting plasma glucose collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -16.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -16.8 |
| Placebo | 0.3 |
The change between the value of fasting plasma glucose collected at week 16 and fasting plasma glucose collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -17.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -15.4 |
| Placebo | 1.3 |
The change between the value of fasting plasma glucose collected at week 2 and fasting plasma glucose collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 2.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -17.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -17.6 |
| Placebo | -0.7 |
The change between the value of fasting plasma glucose collected at week 20 and fasting plasma glucose collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -18.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -15.6 |
| Placebo | -0.1 |
The change between the value of fasting plasma glucose collected at week 26 or final visit and fasting plasma glucose collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -18.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -17.4 |
| Placebo | 0.0 |
The change between the value of fasting plasma glucose collected at week 4 and fasting plasma glucose collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -18.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -18.1 |
| Placebo | -0.6 |
The change between the value of fasting plasma glucose collected at week 8 and fasting plasma glucose collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -19.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -17.2 |
| Placebo | 0.4 |
The change between the value of fasting proinsulin collected at week 12 and fasting proinsulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12.
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -2.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -2.7 |
| Placebo | -1.3 |
The change between the value of fasting proinsulin collected at week 16 and fasting proinsulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16.
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -1.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -2.7 |
| Placebo | -0.5 |
The change between the value of fasting proinsulin collected at week 20 and fasting proinsulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20.
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -4.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -1.1 |
| Placebo | -2.0 |
The change between the value of fasting proinsulin collected at week 26 or final visit and fasting proinsulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -2.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -1.6 |
| Placebo | -3.2 |
The change between the value of fasting proinsulin collected at week 4 and fasting proinsulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4.
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -1.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -5.0 |
| Placebo | -0.5 |
The change between the value of fasting proinsulin collected at week 8 and fasting proinsulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8.
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -2.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -5.0 |
| Placebo | -0.4 |
The change in the value of glycosylated hemoglobin (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) collected at week 26 or final visit and glycosylated hemoglobin collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.
| Intervention | percentage of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.61 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.59 |
| Placebo | -0.10 |
The change in the value of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) collected at week 12 and Glycosylated Hemoglobin collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12.
| Intervention | percentage of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.66 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.66 |
| Placebo | -0.16 |
The change in the value of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) collected at week 16 and Glycosylated Hemoglobin collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16.
| Intervention | percentage of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.66 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.64 |
| Placebo | -0.13 |
The change in the value of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) collected at week 20 and Glycosylated Hemoglobin collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20.
| Intervention | percentage of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.63 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.63 |
| Placebo | -0.12 |
The change in the value of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) collected at week 4 and Glycosylated Hemoglobin collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4.
| Intervention | percentage of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.36 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.40 |
| Placebo | -0.10 |
The change in the value of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) collected at week 8 and Glycosylated Hemoglobin collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8.
| Intervention | percentage of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.59 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.59 |
| Placebo | -0.21 |
The change between the value of insulin collected at week 12 and insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12.
| Intervention | mcIU/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | 1.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 0.46 |
| Placebo | 1.92 |
The change between the value of insulin collected at week 16 and insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16.
| Intervention | mcIU/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | 1.27 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 1.53 |
| Placebo | 0.64 |
The change between the value of insulin collected at week 20 and insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20.
| Intervention | mcIU/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | 0.91 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 0.86 |
| Placebo | -0.21 |
The change between the value of insulin collected at week 26 and insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.
| Intervention | mcIU/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | 0.63 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.01 |
| Placebo | -2.23 |
The change between the value of insulin collected at week 4 and insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4.
| Intervention | mcIU/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | 1.11 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 0.52 |
| Placebo | -1.07 |
The change between the value of insulin collected at week 8 and insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8.
| Intervention | mcIU/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | 2.50 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 0.18 |
| Placebo | 2.68 |
The change between the ratio value of proinsulin and insulin collected at week 12 and the ratio value of proinsulin and insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12.
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.044 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.042 |
| Placebo | -0.005 |
The change between the ratio value of proinsulin and insulin collected at week 16 and the ratio value of proinsulin and insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16.
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.051 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.043 |
| Placebo | 0.001 |
The change between the ratio value of proinsulin and insulin collected at week 20 and the ratio value of proinsulin and insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20.
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.53 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.011 |
| Placebo | -0.007 |
The change between the ratio value of proinsulin and insulin collected at week 26 or final visit and the ratio value of proinsulin and insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.049 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 0.000 |
| Placebo | 0.004 |
The change between the ratio value of proinsulin and insulin collected at week 4 and the ratio value of proinsulin and insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4.
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.045 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.056 |
| Placebo | -0.008 |
The change between the ratio value of proinsulin and insulin collected at week 8 and the ratio value of proinsulin and insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8.
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | -0.055 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | -0.046 |
| Placebo | -0.009 |
The number of participants requiring rescue for failing to achieve pre-specified glycemic targets during the 26 week study. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: 26 Weeks.
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | 19 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 17 |
| Placebo | 25 |
The number of participants with a value for the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound to glucose) less than or equal to 6.5% during the 26 week study. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | 42 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 36 |
| Placebo | 4 |
The number of participants with a value for the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound to glucose) less than or equal to 7.0% during the 26 week study. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | 110 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 92 |
| Placebo | 19 |
The number of participants with a value for the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound to glucose) less than or equal to 7.5% during the 26 week study. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | 153 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 137 |
| Placebo | 47 |
The number of participants with a decrease from baseline in the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound to glucose) greater than or equal to 0.5% during the 26 week study. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | 123 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 122 |
| Placebo | 28 |
The number of participants with a decrease from baseline in the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound to glucose) greater than or equal to 1.0% during the 26 week study. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | 61 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 62 |
| Placebo | 9 |
The number of participants with a decrease from baseline in the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound to glucose) greater than or equal to 1.5% during the 26 week study. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | 20 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 24 |
| Placebo | 6 |
The number of participants with a decrease from baseline in the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound to glucose) greater than or equal to 2.0% during the 26 week study. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | 7 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 5 |
| Placebo | 4 |
The number of participants with a fasting plasma glucose value greater than or equal to 200 mg per dL during the 26 week study. (NCT00286442)
Timeframe: 26 Weeks.
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD | 61 |
| Alogliptin 25 mg QD | 65 |
| Placebo | 53 |
Treatment effect on beta-cell function as measured by the ratio of Week 56 arginine-stimulated insulin secretion during a hyperglycemic clamp(specifically, the incremental AUC of insulin with respect to basal value over a 10 min period [i.e., clamp time 290 min to 300 min]) to that at baseline (i.e., the ratio is calculated as arginine-stimulated insulin secretion at week 56 divided by arginine-stimulated insulin secretion at baseline [week -2]). (NCT00097500)
Timeframe: Baseline (week -2) and 56 weeks
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | 1.02 |
| Insulin Glargine Arm | 1.08 |
Treatment effect on beta-cell function as measured by the ratio of Week 52 arginine-stimulated insulin secretion during a hyperglycemic clamp(specifically, the incremental AUC of insulin with respect to basal value over a 10 min period [i.e., clamp time 290 min to 300 min]) to that at baseline (i.e., the ratio is calculated as arginine-stimulated insulin secretion at week 52 divided by arginine-stimulated insulin secretion at baseline [week -2]). (NCT00097500)
Timeframe: Baseline (week -2) and 52 weeks
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | 2.89 |
| Insulin Glargine Arm | 1.15 |
Change in body weight from week 0 to week 52 (i.e., body weight at week 52 minus body weight at week 0). (NCT00097500)
Timeframe: 0 weeks and 52 weeks
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | -3.80 |
| Insulin Glargine Arm | 0.75 |
Change in fasting plasma glucose from week 0 to week 52 (i.e., fasting plasma glucose at week 52 minus fasting plasma glucose at week 0). (NCT00097500)
Timeframe: 0 weeks and 52 weeks
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | -1.53 |
| Insulin Glargine Arm | -3.10 |
Change in HbA1c from week 0 to week 52 (i.e., HbA1c at week 52 minus HbA1c at week 0). (NCT00097500)
Timeframe: Week 0 and week 52
| Intervention | percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | -0.97 |
| Insulin Glargine Arm | -0.87 |
Ratio of first phase C-peptide response to glucose at 52 weeks (end of on-drug period) and 56 weeks (during off-drug period) compared to first phase C-peptide response to glucose at baseline (i.e., C-peptide response to glucose at week 52 or week 56 divided by C-peptide response to glucose at baseline [week -2]). C-peptide is measured as a surrogate marker of insulin secretion. First phase C-peptide/insulin release is measured during the first ten minutes of glucose infusion during a hyperglycemic clamp procedure. (NCT00097500)
Timeframe: baseline (week -2), 52 weeks, and 56 weeks
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| 52 weeks | 56 weeks | |
| Exenatide Arm | 1.72 | 0.95 |
| Insulin Glargine Arm | 1.13 | 1.06 |
Ratio of second phase C-peptide response to glucose at 52 weeks (end of on-drug period) and 56 weeks (during off-drug period) compared to second phase C-peptide response to glucose at baseline (i.e., C-peptide response to glucose at week 52 or week 56 divided by C-peptide response to glucose at baseline [week -2]). C-peptide is measured as a surrogate marker of insulin secretion. Second phase C-peptide/insulin release is measured from time=10 minutes to time=80 minutes of glucose infusion during a hyperglycemic clamp procedure. (NCT00097500)
Timeframe: baseline (-2 weeks), 52 weeks, and 56 weeks
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| 52 weeks | 56 weeks | |
| Exenatide Arm | 2.88 | 1.00 |
| Insulin Glargine Arm | 1.01 | 1.08 |
M-value at baseline (week -2), week 52 (end of on-drug period), and week 56 (during off-drug period). Insulin sensitivity was assessed during the euglycemic/hyperglycemic clamp test at baseline (week -2), week 52, and week 56. Insulin-mediated glucose uptake (M-value) was calculated as the mean glucose requirement during the 90-120 minute interval of the clamp. (NCT00097500)
Timeframe: baseline (week -2), 52 weeks, and 56 weeks
| Intervention | mg/min/kg (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| baseline (week -2) | week 52 | week 56 | |
| Exenatide Arm | 2.24 | 3.18 | 3.19 |
| Insulin Glargine Arm | 2.79 | 3.85 | 2.81 |
SMBG measured at 7 time points (before and after breakfast, before and after lunch, before and after dinner, at bedtime). (NCT00097500)
Timeframe: 0 weeks and 52 weeks
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-breakfast measurement (week 0) | Pre-breakfast measurement (week 52) | 2-hour post-breakfast measurement (week 0) | 2-hour post-breakfast measurement (week 52) | Pre-lunch measurement (week 0) | Pre-lunch measurement (week 52) | 2-hour post-lunch measurement (week 0) | 2-hour post-lunch measurement (week 52) | Pre-dinner measurement (week 0) | Pre-dinner measurement (week 52) | 2-hour post-dinner measurement (week 0) | 2-hour post-dinner measurement (week 52) | Bedtime measurement (week 0) | Bedtime measurement (week 52) | |
| Exenatide Arm | 8.92 | 7.27 | 11.00 | 6.98 | 8.14 | 6.52 | 9.90 | 7.97 | 8.38 | 7.53 | 10.42 | 6.98 | 9.76 | 7.61 |
| Insulin Glargine Arm | 8.38 | 5.63 | 11.17 | 7.53 | 8.54 | 6.24 | 10.52 | 8.15 | 8.07 | 6.98 | 10.26 | 8.81 | 9.85 | 8.03 |
Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin. (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug
| Intervention | mmol/l (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline FSG | 3rd Month FSG | |
| Metformin ( 002 Group) | 6.2 | 6.5 |
| Pioglitazone (001 Group) | 6.9 | 5.4 |
Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin. (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug
| Intervention | μU/ml (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline FSI | 3rd month FSI | |
| Metformin ( 002 Group) | 13.0 | 13.9 |
| Pioglitazone (001 Group) | 16.2 | 12.3 |
Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin. (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug
| Intervention | percentage (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline HbA1c | 3rd month HbA1c | |
| Metformin ( 002 Group) | 7.8 | 7.0 |
| Pioglitazone (001 Group) | 7.3 | 6.7 |
"Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin.~Analysis 1: Homeostatic Model Assessment of Beta cell function(HOMA percent B) Analysis 2: Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Sensitivity (Homa percent S)" (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug
| Intervention | percentage (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline HOMA percent beta cells function | 3rd month HOMA percent beta cells function | Baseline HOMA percent sensitivity | 3rd month HOMA percent sensitivity | |
| Metformin ( 002 Group) | 109.3 | 116.0 | 76.2 | 67.2 |
| Pioglitazone (001 Group) | 118.9 | 132.3 | 51.1 | 69.3 |
"Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin.~Analysis 1: Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance(HOMA IR) Analysis 2: Quantitative Insulin sensitivity Check Index(QUICKI)" (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug
| Intervention | Score on a scale ( SI unit) (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline QUICKI | 3rd month QUICKI | Baseline HOMA IR | 3rd month HOMA IR | |
| Metformin ( 002 Group) | 0.57 | 0.54 | 3.7 | 4.3 |
| Pioglitazone (001 Group) | 0.52 | 0.59 | 5.1 | 2.9 |
"Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin.~Analysis 1:Total Cholesterol(TC) Analysis 2:Triglyceride(TG) Analysis 3:High Density Lipoprotein(HDL) Analysis 4:Low Density Lipoprotein(LDL)" (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug
| Intervention | mg/dl (Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline TC | 3rd month TC | Baseline TG | 3rd month TG | Baseline HDL | 3rd month HDL | Baseline LDL | 3rd month LDL | |
| Metformin (002 Group) | 193.0 | 177.0 | 166.0 | 175.0 | 34.4 | 34.7 | 125.6 | 112.0 |
| Pioglitazone (001 Group) | 182.0 | 178 | 183 | 195 | 33 | 33.2 | 112.8 | 105.5 |
(NCT00006305)
Timeframe: five years
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Revascularization and Insulin Providing (IP) | 80 |
| Revascularization and Insulin Sensitizing (IS) | 75 |
| Medical Therapy and Insulin Providing (IP) | 80 |
| Medical Therapy and Insulin Sensitizing (IS) | 81 |
(NCT00006305)
Timeframe: five years
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Revascularization and Insulin Providing (IP) | 145 |
| Revascularization and Insulin Sensitizing (IS) | 121 |
| Medical Therapy and Insulin Providing (IP) | 143 |
| Medical Therapy and Insulin Sensitizing (IS) | 140 |
Disposition index was measured by multiplying the insulin secretion (C-peptide AUC/C-peptide AUC glucose) by the Matsuda index. Disposition index reflects the beta-cell function adjusted for total body insulin sensitivity (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months
| Intervention | index (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metfomin & Insulin | 0.12 |
| Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide | 0.16 |
C-peptide AUC during a 3-hours mixed meal challenge testing (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months
| Intervention | ng*min/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin & Insulin | 2096 |
| Metformin, GLyburide & Pioglitazone | 1725 |
Inflammatory markers - hsCRP (C reactive protein) (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months
| Intervention | mg/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metfomin & Insulin | 6.9 |
| Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide | 6.1 |
Inflammatory markers - PAI-1 (Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1) (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months
| Intervention | IU/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metfomin & Insulin | 13.9 |
| Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide | 16.7 |
Inflammatory markers - Fibrinogen (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metfomin & Insulin | 399.0 |
| Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide | 395.4 |
C-peptide-based Matsuda index using following formula: Matsuda index = 500,00 / root square [(fasting c-peptide x fasting glucose x 333) x (average c-peptide 0-120 mins x average glucose 0-120 mins x 333). Higher the Matsuda index, better the insulin sensitivity. (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months
| Intervention | index (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metfomin & Insulin | 3.12 |
| Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide | 2.45 |
Current health perception was measured at randomization and 72 months later using the modified Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire. This questionnaire addresses several areas with respect to diabetes QoL. Answers are in the form of a Likert scale score of 1-5, where 1 = much better than 3 months ago; 2 - Somewhat better now than 3 months ago; 3 - About the same; 4 - Somewhat worse now than 3 months ago; 5 Much worse now than 3 months ago. (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metfomin & Insulin | 2.7 |
| Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide | 2.9 |
Glycemia control perception was measured at randomization and 72 months later using the modified Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire. This questionnaire addresses several areas with respect to diabetes QoL. Answers are in the form of a scale score of 1-7, where 1 - extremely controlled and 7 - not at all controlled. (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metfomin & Insulin | 2.8 |
| Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide | 2.0 |
Hypoglycemia fear was measured at randomization and 72 months later using the modified Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire. This questionnaire addresses several areas with respect to diabetes QoL. Answers are in the form of a Likert scale score of 1-5, where 1 - never worry; 2 - rarely water; 3 - sometimes worry; 4 - often worry; 5 - very often worry (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metfomin & Insulin | 1.8 |
| Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide | 1.8 |
Lifestyle flexibility was measured at randomization and 72 months later using the modified Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire. This questionnaire addresses several areas with respect to diabetes QoL. Answers are in the form of a Likert scale score of 1 to 5, where 1 - a great deal of choice; 2 - a lot of choice; 3 - some choice; 4 - a little choice; 5 - no choice. (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metfomin & Insulin | 2.1 |
| Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide | 2.0 |
Satisfaction with insulin treatment was measured at randomization and 72 months later using the modified Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire. This questionnaire addresses several areas with respect to diabetes QoL. Answers are in the form of a scale score of 1 to 7, where 1 extremely satisfied to 7 - not at all satisfied. (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metfomin & Insulin | 1.2 |
Social or vocational worry was measured at randomization and 72 months later using the modified Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire. This questionnaire addresses several areas with respect to diabetes QoL. Answers are in the form of a Likert scale score of 0-5, where 0 - does not apply; 1 - never; 2 - seldom; 3 - sometimes; 4 - often; 5 - all of the time. (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metfomin & Insulin | 1.8 |
| Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide | 1.7 |
Social stigma was measured at randomization and 72 months later using the modified Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire. This questionnaire addresses several areas with respect to diabetes QoL. Answers are in the form of a Likert scale score of 1 to 5, where 1- strongly agree; 2 - somewhat agree; 3 - neither agree nor disagree; 4 - somewhat disagree; 5 - strongly disagree. (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metfomin & Insulin | 2.2 |
| Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide | 2.2 |
Treatment impact was measured at randomization and 72 months later using the modified Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire. This questionnaire addresses several areas with respect to diabetes QoL. Answers are in the form of a Likert scale score of 1-5, where 1 - very satisfied; 2 - moderately satisfied; 3 - neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; 4 - moderately dissatisfied; 5 - very dissatisfied. (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months
| Intervention | score on a sale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metfomin & Insulin | 1.7 |
| Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide | 1.8 |
Treatment satisfaction was measured at randomization and 72 months later using the modified Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire. This questionnaire addresses several areas with respect to diabetes QoL. Answers are in the form of a Likert scale score of 1-5, where 1 - very satisfied; 2 - moderately satisfied; 3 - neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; 4 - moderately dissatisfied; 5 - very dissatisfied. (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metfomin & Insulin | 1.7 |
| Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide | 2.1 |
Willingness to continue insulin treatment was measured at randomization and 72 months later using the modified Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire. This questionnaire addresses several areas with respect to diabetes QoL. Answers are in the form of a scale score of 1 to 7, where 1 extremely willing to 7 - not at all willing. (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metfomin & Insulin | 1.4 |
Body Weight (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metfomin and Insulin | 107.7 |
| Metformin, Pioglitazone and Glyburide | 107.9 |
The change between Adiponectin collected at final visit or week 24 and Adiponectin collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mcg/ml (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | 7.8 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | 9.2 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.3 |
The change between the Fasting Insulin value collected at final visit or week 24 and Fasting Insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | μIU/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -3.91 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -3.18 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.98 |
The change between the value of Fasting Plasma Glucose collected at final visit or week 24 and Fasting Plasma Glucose collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -39.9 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -22.2 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -24.8 |
The change between High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol collected at final visit or week 24 and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | 14.20 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | 9.88 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | 6.09 |
The change between Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance collected at final visit or week 24 and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance collected at baseline. Homeostasis Model Assessment measures insulin resistance, calculated by insulin times glucose, divided by a constant (22.5). (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | percent of insulin resistance (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -2.704 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -2.075 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -1.085 |
The change between Intermediate-Density Low Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Intermediate-Density Low Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -16.3 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -11.0 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -17.3 |
The change between Intermediate-Medium High Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Intermediate-Medium High Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | μmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | 1.34 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | 1.62 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.09 |
The change between Large High Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Large High Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | μmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | 0.70 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | 1.02 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | 0.52 |
The change between Large Low Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Large Low Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | 96.0 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | 115.7 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | 18.4 |
The change between Large-Chylomicrons Very Low Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Large-Chylomicrons Very Low Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -1.71 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -1.97 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -1.96 |
The change between Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol collected at final visit or week 24 and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | 1.19 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | 6.08 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -1.37 |
The change between High Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and High Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | μmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | 0.28 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -0.80 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | 0.62 |
The change between High Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and High Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nm (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | 0.15 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | 0.19 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | 0.11 |
The change between Low Density Lipoprotein particle concentration collected at final visit or week 24 and Low Density Lipoprotein particle concentration collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -240.6 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -217.2 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -176.4 |
The change between Low Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Low Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nm (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | 0.55 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | 0.6 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | 0.2 |
The change between Very Low Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Very Low Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -2.78 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | 0.98 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -11.30 |
The change between Very Low Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Very Low Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nm (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -2.64 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -3.79 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.20 |
The change between Medium-Intermediate Very Low Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Medium-Intermediate Very Low Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -4.07 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -3.01 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -6.48 |
The change between Medium-Small Low Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Medium-Small Low Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -63.8 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -66.0 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -35.3 |
The change between Small High Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Small High Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | μmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -1.78 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -3.41 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | 0.19 |
The change between Small Low Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Small Low Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -319.3 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -321.3 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -179.0 |
The change between Small Very Low Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Small Very Low Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | 3.05 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | 5.9 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -2.86 |
The change between Total Cholesterol collected at final visit or week 24 and Total Cholesterol collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | 1.06 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | 4.79 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -2.72 |
The change between Triglycerides collected at final visit or week 24 and Triglycerides collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -5.95 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -5.54 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -1.78 |
The change between Very Small Low Density Lipoprotein collected at final visit or week 24 and Very Small Low Density Lipoprotein collected at baseline (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -255.5 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -255.2 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -143.8 |
Measurement for High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein was collected at final visit or week 24 and at baseline. Percent change from baseline is calculated as: [(Week 24 - baseline levels)/baseline]*100 (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | percent (Median) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -36.7 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -34.0 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -26.2 |
The change between the value of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) collected at final visit or week 24 and Glycosylated Hemoglobin collected at baseline. (NCT00727857)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | percentage of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg/Metformin 850 mg BID | -1.83 |
| Pioglitazone 15 mg BID | -0.96 |
| Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.99 |
(NCT00184600)
Timeframe: Week 0 (baseline), month 12
| Intervention | kilogram (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Detemir (Basal Insulin) | 1.9 |
| Insulin Aspart (Prandial Insulin) | 5.7 |
| Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30 (Biphasic Insulin) | 4.7 |
(NCT00184600)
Timeframe: Week 0 (baseline), month 36
| Intervention | kilograms (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Detemir (Basal Insulin) | 3.6 |
| Insulin Aspart (Prandial Insulin) | 6.4 |
| Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30 (Biphasic Insulin) | 5.7 |
(NCT00184600)
Timeframe: Up to month 37 (36 months of treatment plus 1 month follow-up)
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Detemir (Basal Insulin) | 227 |
| Insulin Aspart (Prandial Insulin) | 235 |
| Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30 (Biphasic Insulin) | 228 |
Percentage of participants who achieved the target (HbA1c below or equal to 6.5%) at Month 36 (NCT00184600)
Timeframe: Month 36
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Detemir (Basal Insulin) | 43.2 |
| Insulin Aspart (Prandial Insulin) | 44.8 |
| Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30 (Biphasic Insulin) | 31.9 |
Percentage of participants who required a second insulin formulation to be added to their treatment. This outcome offers evidence to the efficacy and durability of the insulin regimens. (NCT00184600)
Timeframe: Month 12
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Detemir (Basal Insulin) | 17.9 |
| Insulin Aspart (Prandial Insulin) | 4.2 |
| Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30 (Biphasic Insulin) | 8.9 |
Percentage of participants who required a second insulin formulation to be added to their treatment. This outcome offers evidence to the efficacy and durability of the insulin regimens. (NCT00184600)
Timeframe: Month 36
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Detemir (Basal Insulin) | 89 |
| Insulin Aspart (Prandial Insulin) | 82 |
| Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30 (Biphasic Insulin) | 88 |
The EuroQol Group 5-Dimension Self-Report Questionnaire score (EQ5D) is a standardised instrument for use as a measure of health outcome in medical research. Responses can be used to generate a single numerical value associated with a given health state. The scale of values is graded from -0.59 to 1.00, with lower scores indicating a poorer health status. A score of 0 represents no quality of life and scores less than 0 represent states perceived by the respondent to be worse than death. (NCT00184600)
Timeframe: Month 12
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Detemir (Basal Insulin) | 0.78 |
| Insulin Aspart (Prandial Insulin) | 0.76 |
| Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30 (Biphasic Insulin) | 0.76 |
The EuroQol Group 5-Dimension Self-Report Questionnaire score (EQ5D) is a standardised instrument for use as a measure of health outcome in medical research. Responses can be used to generate a single numerical value associated with a given health state. The scale of values is graded from -0.59 to 1.00, with lower scores indicating a poorer health status. A score of 0 represents no quality of life and scores less than 0 represent states perceived by the respondent to be worse than death. (NCT00184600)
Timeframe: Month 36
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Detemir (Basal Insulin) | 0.80 |
| Insulin Aspart (Prandial Insulin) | 0.77 |
| Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30 (Biphasic Insulin) | 0.76 |
For each visit and telephone contact, participants were asked to perform in advance three capillary glucose profiles (using blood glucose metre provided for the trial) obtained before breakfast and before the evening meal for participants in the biphasic and basal groups and before meals and two hours after meals and at bedtime in the prandial group. (NCT00184600)
Timeframe: Baseline, month 12
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All timepoints excluding 3am | Fasting | Postprandial | 3am | |
| Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30 (Biphasic Insulin) | -59 | -45 | -68 | -52 |
| Insulin Aspart (Prandial Insulin) | -65 | -23 | -83 | -34 |
| Insulin Detemir (Basal Insulin) | -43 | -59 | -47 | -40 |
For each visit and telephone contact, participants were asked to perform in advance three capillary glucose profiles (using blood glucose metre provided for the trial) obtained before breakfast and before the evening meal for participants in the biphasic and basal groups and before meals and two hours after meals and at bedtime in the prandial group. (NCT00184600)
Timeframe: Baseline, month 36
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All timepoints excluding 3am | Fasting | Postprandial | 3am | |
| Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30 (Biphasic Insulin) | -56 | -50 | -61 | -38 |
| Insulin Aspart (Prandial Insulin) | -67 | -49 | -85 | -27 |
| Insulin Detemir (Basal Insulin) | -58 | -47 | -67 | -45 |
HbA1c values offer evidence of the efficacy and durability of the insulin regimens. (NCT00184600)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 12
| Intervention | percentage (%) of total haemoglobin (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 12 | |
| Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30 (Biphasic Insulin) | 8.63 | 7.33 |
| Insulin Aspart (Prandial Insulin) | 8.55 | 7.20 |
| Insulin Detemir (Basal Insulin) | 8.45 | 7.64 |
HbA1c values offer evidence of the efficacy and durability of the insulin regimens. (NCT00184600)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 36
| Intervention | percentage (%) of total haemoglobin (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 36 | |
| Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30 (Biphasic Insulin) | 8.63 | 7.22 |
| Insulin Aspart (Prandial Insulin) | 8.55 | 7.04 |
| Insulin Detemir (Basal Insulin) | 8.45 | 7.11 |
Rate of hypoglycaemic events was calculated as the median number of events per participant per year, defined as grade 1 (symptoms only), 2 (minor) and 3 (major). Symptoms only if self-measured plasma glucose level of 3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) or more. Minor (grade 2) if able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose was below 3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL). Major (grade 3) if unable to treat her/himself. Rates are reported for all participants and for the subset of participants who achieved target HbA1c below or equal to 6.5%. (NCT00184600)
Timeframe: Month 12
| Intervention | hypoglycaemic events/participant/year (Median) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All participants, Grade 1 | All participants, Grade 2 | All participants, Grade 3 | All participants, Grade 2 or 3 | Achieved HbA1c target, Grade 1, n=18, 50, 39 | Achieved HbA1c target, Grade 2, n=18, 50, 39 | Achieved HbA1c target, Grade 3, n=18, 50, 39 | Achieved HbA1c target, Grade 2 or 3, n=18, 50, 39 | |
| Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30 (Biphasic Insulin) | 5.0 | 3.9 | 0 | 3.9 | 5.4 | 4.0 | 0 | 4.0 |
| Insulin Aspart (Prandial Insulin) | 8.0 | 8.0 | 0 | 8.0 | 7.8 | 8.0 | 0 | 8.7 |
| Insulin Detemir (Basal Insulin) | 2.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.9 | 3.0 | 0 | 3.0 |
Rate of hypoglycaemic events was calculated as the median number of events per participant per year, defined as grade 1 (symptoms only), 2 (minor) and 3 (major). Symptoms only if self-measured plasma glucose level of 3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) or more. Minor (grade 2) if able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose was below 3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL). Major (grade 3) if unable to treat her/himself. Rates are reported for all participants and for the subset of participants who achieved target HbA1c below or equal to 6.5%. (NCT00184600)
Timeframe: Month 36
| Intervention | hypoglycaemic events/participant/year (Median) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All participants, Grade 1 | All participants, Grade 2 | All participants, Grade 3 | All participants, Grade 2 or 3 | Achieved HbA1c target, Grade 1, n=73, 70, 55 | Achieved HbA1c target, Grade 2, n=73, 70, 55 | Achieved HbA1c target, Grade 3, n=73, 70, 55 | Achieved HbA1c target, Grade 2 or 3, n=73, 70, 55 | |
| Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30 (Biphasic Insulin) | 3.8 | 3.0 | 0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 0 | 3.0 |
| Insulin Aspart (Prandial Insulin) | 5.7 | 5.5 | 0 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.3 | 0 | 5.5 |
| Insulin Detemir (Basal Insulin) | 2.7 | 1.7 | 0 | 1.7 | 3.0 | 2.0 | 0 | 2.0 |
Two participant counts are listed. The first is the percentage of total participants who achieved the target (HbA1c below or equal to 6.5%) at Month 12. The second is the percentage of subset of participants who achieved the target and did not have either minor or major hypoglycaemic episode within the four weeks prior to the month 12 exam. Minor hypoglycaemic episode is an episode in which the participant was able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose was below 3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL). Major hypoglycaemic episode is an episode in which the participant was unable to treat her/himself. (NCT00184600)
Timeframe: Month 12
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Total participants who achieved target | Subset who achieved target, n=18, 50, 39 | |
| Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30 (Biphasic Insulin) | 17.0 | 52.5 |
| Insulin Aspart (Prandial Insulin) | 23.9 | 43.9 |
| Insulin Detemir (Basal Insulin) | 8.1 | 78.9 |
High sensitivity C-reactive protein (range 0 - no maximum) (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks
| Intervention | µg/ml (Median) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 0 |
| Gliclazide | 8.4 |
The change in glucose from baseline to 16 weeks (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks
| Intervention | mmol/L (Median) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -0.2 |
| Gliclazide | -0.1 |
The change in systolic blood pressure from baseline to 16 weeks measured in kg (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks
| Intervention | mmHg (Median) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 4 |
| Gliclazide | -9 |
The change in total cholesterol from baseline to 16 weeks (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks
| Intervention | mmol/L (Median) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 0.1 |
| Gliclazide | -0.1 |
Psoriasis area and severity index 0-72, higher score worse outcome (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: baseline and 32 weeks
| Intervention | score on a scale (Median) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 3 |
| Gliclazide | 1.8 |
Psoriasis area and severity index (0-72), higher scores worse outcome (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks
| Intervention | score on a scale (Median) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 9.5 |
| Gliclazide | 9.4 |
The change in weight from baseline to 16 weeks measured in kg (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks
| Intervention | kg (Median) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -0.5 |
| Gliclazide | -0.6 |
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 levels levels in skin (0-no maximum) (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks
| Intervention | dCt (Median) |
|---|---|
| Gliclazide | -1.12 |
| Sitagliptin | 0 |
Interleukin 17 levels in skin (0-no maximum) (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks
| Intervention | dCt (Median) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 3.41 |
| Gliclazide | 2.09 |
"Secondary outcomes:~The change in serum concentrations of the cytokine interleukin-17 (IL-17) Range: 0-no maximum" (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks
| Intervention | pg/ml (Median) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 0 |
| Gliclazide | 0 |
"Secondary outcomes:~The change in serum concentrations of the cytokine interleukin-23 (IL-23) Range: 0-no maximum" (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks
| Intervention | pg/ml (Median) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 0 |
| Gliclazide | 0 |
"Secondary outcomes:~The change in serum concentrations of the adipokine leptin Range: 0-no maximum" (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks
| Intervention | pg/ml (Median) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -0.07 |
| Gliclazide | 0.43 |
"Secondary outcomes:~The change in serum concentrations of the cytokines tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) Range: 0-no maximum" (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks
| Intervention | pg/ml (Median) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 0 |
| Gliclazide | 0 |
"Dosage: Sitagliptin: 100mg daily, or 50mg daily for participants with moderate kidney disease Gliclazide: 80-320 mg daily.~Secondary outcomes: the number participants with adverse events." (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 32 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 6 |
| Gliclazide | 10 |
"Dermatology life quality index (a skin related quality of life measure) (0-10), higher score worse outcome EQ-5D Euroqol 5 item quality of life index comprising 5 dimensions mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain, anxiety. An index can be derived from these 5 dimensions by conversion with a table of scores. The maximum score of 1 indicates the best health state and minimum score indicating the worst health outcome -0.594.~HADS Hospital anxiety and depression scale 0-16 for anxiety and 0-16 for depression, higher score worse outcome HAQ-8 Stanford 8 item disability scale. Scoring is from 0 (without any difficulty) to 3 (unable to do). The 8 scores from the 8 sections are summed and divided by 8. The result is the disability index (range 0-3 with 25 possible values). A" (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks
| Intervention | score on a scale (Median) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DLQI | HAQ-8 | HADS Anxiety | HADS Depression | EQ-5D | |
| Gliclazide | -1.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | -0.2 |
| Sitagliptin | 0.0 | 0.0 | -1 | 0 | 0 |
"Secondary outcomes:~d. number or participants who acheived a greater than 50% reduction in PASI from baseline (PASI-50); e. number of participants who achieved PASI-75 and PASI-90." (NCT01991197)
Timeframe: 16 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| PASI 50 | PASI 75 | PASI 90 | |
| Gliclazide | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Sitagliptin | 1 | 0 | 0 |
HbA1c is measured as a percent. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 24 HbA1c percent minus the Week 0 HbA1c percent. (NCT00449930)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 weeks
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -0.43 |
| Metformin | -0.57 |
(NCT00449930)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Patients Who Reported Abdominal Pain | Patients Who Did Not Report Abdominal Pain | |
| Metformin | 20 | 502 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 11 | 517 |
(NCT00449930)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Patients Who Reported Diarrhea | Patients Who Did Not Report Diarrhea | |
| Metformin | 57 | 465 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 19 | 509 |
(NCT00449930)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Patients Who Reported Nausea | Patients Who Did Not Report Nausea | |
| Metformin | 16 | 506 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 6 | 522 |
(NCT00449930)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Patients Who Reported Vomiting | Patients Who Did Not Report Vomiting | |
| Metformin | 7 | 515 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 2 | 526 |
Change from baseline at Week 24 is defined as Week 24 minus Week 0. (NCT00395343)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg q.d. | -30.9 |
| Placebo | 5.2 |
"A1C in subset of patients on long-acting or intermediate-acting insulin.~A1C is measured as a percent. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 24 A1C percent minus the Week 0 A1C percent." (NCT00395343)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg q.d. | -0.61 |
| Placebo | -0.04 |
A1C is measured as a percent. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 24 A1C percent minus the Week 0 A1C percent. (NCT00395343)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg q.d. | -0.59 |
| Placebo | -0.03 |
Change from baseline at Week 24 is defined as Week 24 minus Week 0. (NCT00395343)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg q.d. | -18.5 |
| Placebo | -3.5 |
Static sensitivity is a measure of the effect of glucose on beta-cell secretion and is the ratio between the insulin secretion rate and glucose concentration above the threshold level at steady state. (See Breda and Cobelli, Annals of Biomedical Engineering 29, 692-700 (2001) for more details.) (NCT00395343)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg q.d. | 28.4 |
| Placebo | -8.1 |
(NCT00395343)
Timeframe: Week 24
| Intervention | Percent (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg q.d. | 2.3 |
| Placebo | 1.9 |
(NCT00395343)
Timeframe: 24 Weeks
| Intervention | Percent (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg q.d. | 12.8 |
| Placebo | 5.1 |
Average number of episodes of hypoglycemia per 30 days per patient (NCT00135330)
Timeframe: 20 weeks
| Intervention | hypoglycemia events / 30 days / patient (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide | 0.391 |
| Exenatide Plus Rosiglitazone | 0.594 |
| Rosiglitazone | 0.853 |
Number of subjects experiencing hypoglycemia at any point during the study (NCT00135330)
Timeframe: 20 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide | 8 |
| Exenatide Plus Rosiglitazone | 9 |
| Rosiglitazone | 6 |
Change in insulin incremental area under the concentration-time curve (ASIiAUC) from baseline to week 20. ASIiAUC is a measure of beta-cell function. (NCT00135330)
Timeframe: 20 weeks
| Intervention | uIU-min/ml (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline ASIiAUC | Change in ASIiAUC at week 20 | |
| Exenatide | 643.40 | 747.26 |
| Exenatide Plus Rosiglitazone | 686.41 | 194.68 |
| Rosiglitazone | 786.12 | -99.85 |
Ratio (value at endpoint divided by value at baseline) of AUC(15-180 min) for C-peptide (nmol-min/L) during a MCT from baseline to week 20. (NCT00135330)
Timeframe: Week 20
| Intervention | nmol-min/L (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline C-peptide during a MCT | Ratio(endpoint/baseline) of C-peptide during a MCT | |
| Exenatide | 319.77 | 0.908 |
| Exenatide Plus Rosiglitazone | 310.51 | 0.804 |
| Rosiglitazone | 325.65 | 0.854 |
Change in AUC(15-180 min) for glucose during a MCT baseline to week 20. (NCT00135330)
Timeframe: Week 20
| Intervention | mmol-min/L (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline glucose AUC during MCT | Change in glucose AUC during MCT at week 20 | |
| Exenatide | 1782.86 | -560.12 |
| Exenatide Plus Rosiglitazone | 1799.68 | -635.24 |
| Rosiglitazone | 1741.87 | -425.59 |
Change in body fat mass form baseline to week 20, as assessed during an MCT (NCT00135330)
Timeframe: 20 weeks
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline body fat mass | Change in body fat mass at week 20 | |
| Exenatide | 32.05 | -2.76 |
| Exenatide Plus Rosiglitazone | 32.55 | -1.06 |
| Rosiglitazone | 30.54 | -1.99 |
Change in body weight from baseline to week 20. (NCT00135330)
Timeframe: Week 20
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline body weight | Change in body weight at week 20 | |
| Exenatide | 93.05 | -2.82 |
| Exenatide Plus Rosiglitazone | 93.76 | -1.21 |
| Rosiglitazone | 91.78 | 1.48 |
Change in fasting high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol from baseline to week 20. (NCT00135330)
Timeframe: Week 20
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline HDL | Change from baseline HDL at week 20 | |
| Exenatide | 1.13 | 0.022 |
| Exenatide Plus Rosiglitazone | 1.17 | 0.046 |
| Rosiglitazone | 1.17 | 0.055 |
Change in fasting insulin from baseline to week 20. (NCT00135330)
Timeframe: Week 20
| Intervention | uIU/ml (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline fasting insulin | Ratio (wk20/baseline)of fasting insulin | |
| Exenatide | 12.84 | 0.980 |
| Exenatide Plus Rosiglitazone | 10.96 | 0.599 |
| Rosiglitazone | 12.77 | 0.755 |
Change in fasting low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol from baseline to week 20. (NCT00135330)
Timeframe: Week 20
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline LDL | Change from baseline LDL at week 20 | |
| Exenatide | 2.59 | -0.049 |
| Exenatide Plus Rosiglitazone | 2.57 | 0.096 |
| Rosiglitazone | 2.71 | 0.334 |
Ratio (endpoint value divided by baseline value) for fasting proinsulin, comparing endpoint (week 20) to baseline (NCT00135330)
Timeframe: Week 20
| Intervention | pmol/L (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline fasting proinsulin | Ratio(wk20/baseline)of fasting proinsulin | |
| Exenatide | 4.32 | 0.663 |
| Exenatide Plus Rosiglitazone | 3.80 | 0.538 |
| Rosiglitazone | 3.56 | 0.623 |
Change in fasting serum glucose concentration from baseline to week 20. (NCT00135330)
Timeframe: Week 20
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline fasting serum glucose | Change fr baseline fasting serum glucose at wk 20 | |
| Exenatide | 8.42 | -1.46 |
| Exenatide Plus Rosiglitazone | 8.43 | -1.60 |
| Rosiglitazone | 8.48 | -1.80 |
Change in fasting total cholestrol from baseline to week 20. (NCT00135330)
Timeframe: Week 20
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline total cholesterol | Change fr baseline total cholesterol at week 20 | |
| Exenatide | 4.42 | -0.128 |
| Exenatide Plus Rosiglitazone | 4.41 | 0.258 |
| Rosiglitazone | 4.62 | 0.438 |
Ratio (endpint value divided by baseline value) of fasting triglycerides from baseline to week 20. (NCT00135330)
Timeframe: Week 20
| Intervention | mmol/L (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline triglyceride | Ratio (endpoint/baseline) for triglycerides | |
| Exenatide | 1.56 | 0.861 |
| Exenatide Plus Rosiglitazone | 1.67 | 0.977 |
| Rosiglitazone | 1.76 | 0.992 |
Change in HbA1c from baseline to week 20. (NCT00135330)
Timeframe: Week 20
| Intervention | Percentage (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline HbA1c | Change from baseline HbA1c at week 20 | |
| Exenatide | 7.79 | -0.908 |
| Exenatide Plus Rosiglitazone | 7.84 | -1.31 |
| Rosiglitazone | 7.92 | -0.968 |
Change in hip circumference form baseline to week 20 (NCT00135330)
Timeframe: 20 weeks
| Intervention | cm (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline hip circumference | Change in hip circumference at week 20 | |
| Exenatide | 113.29 | -1.28 |
| Exenatide Plus Rosiglitazone | 112.12 | 0.147 |
| Rosiglitazone | 111.90 | 1.51 |
Change in incremental for postprandial C-peptide (mmol/L) during MCT from baseline to week 20. (NCT00135330)
Timeframe: Week 20
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline C-peptide at 15 min | Change fr baseline C-peptide at 15 min at week 20 | Baseline C-peptide at 30 min | Change fr baseline C-peptide at 30 min at week 20 | Baseline C-peptide at 60 min | Change fr baseline C-peptide at 60 min at week 20 | Baseline C-peptide at 90 min | Change fr baseline C-peptide at 90 min at week 20 | Baseline C-peptide at 120 min | Change fr baseline C-peptide at 120 min at week 20 | Baseline C-peptide at 150 min | Change fr baseline C-peptide at 150 min at week 20 | Baseline C-peptide at 180 min | Change fr baseline C-peptide at 180 min at week 20 | |
| Exenatide | 0.238 | -0.006 | 0.521 | -0.071 | 0.818 | -0.148 | 0.895 | -0.185 | 0.817 | -0.259 | 0.843 | -0.251 | 0.610 | -0.075 |
| Exenatide Plus Rosiglitazone | 0.259 | 0.016 | 0.517 | -0.036 | 0.871 | -0.025 | 0.953 | -0.117 | 0.828 | -0.134 | 0.651 | -0.254 | 0.482 | -0.238 |
| Rosiglitazone | 0.206 | 0.087 | 0.560 | 0.099 | 0.881 | 0.054 | 1.03 | -0.052 | 0.972 | -0.016 | 0.813 | -0.093 | 0.619 | -0.092 |
Change in incremental for postprandial glucose (mmol/L) during a MCT from baseline to week 20. (NCT00135330)
Timeframe: Week 20
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline glucose at 15 min | Change fr baseline glucose at 15 min at wk 20 | Baseline glucose at 30 min | Change fr baseline glucose at 30 min at wk 20 | Baseline glucose at 60 minutes | Change fr baseline glucose at 60 min at wk 20 | Baseline glucose at 90 minutes | Change fr baseline glucose at 90 min at wk 20 | Baseline glucose at 120 minutes | Change fr baseline glucose at 120 min at wk 20 | Baseline glucose at 150 minutes | Change fr baseline glucose at 150 min at wk 20 | Baseline glucose at 180 minutes | Change fr baseline glucose at 180 min at wk 20 | |
| Exenatide | 0.950 | -0.651 | 2.39 | -1.46 | 3.59 | -2.56 | 3.24 | -2.87 | 2.49 | -2.24 | 1.62 | -1.42 | 0.461 | -0.583 |
| Exenatide Plus Rosiglitazone | 1.12 | -0.286 | 2.54 | -1.06 | 3.88 | -2.46 | 3.36 | -2.91 | 2.24 | -2.52 | 1.14 | -1.95 | 0.036 | -0.995 |
| Rosiglitazone | 0.828 | 0.150 | 2.23 | -0.066 | 3.48 | -0.720 | 3.48 | -0.952 | 2.31 | -0.912 | 1.25 | -0.830 | 0.279 | -0.481 |
Change in incremental for postprandial insulin (mmol/L) during meal challenge test (MCT) from baseline to week 20. (NCT00135330)
Timeframe: Week 20
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline insulin at 15 min | Change fr baseline insulin at 15 min at wk 20 | Baseline insulin at 30 min | Change fr baseline insulin at 30 min at wk 20 | Baseline insulin at 60 min | Change fr baseline insulin at 60 min at wk 20 | Baseline insulin at 90 min | Change fr baseline insulin at 90 min at wk 20 | Baseline insulin at 120 min | Change fr baseline insulin at 120 min at wk 20 | Baseline insulin at 150 min | Change fr baseline insulin at 150 min at wk 20 | Baseline insulin at 180 min | Change fr baseline insulin at 180 min at wk 20 | |
| Exenatide | 9.97 | -1.71 | 19.81 | -3.00 | 27.92 | -11.04 | 26.06 | -9.42 | 19.56 | -11.26 | 15.67 | -7.48 | 10.58 | 0.031 |
| Exenatide Plus Rosiglitazone | 8.09 | -1.84 | 14.79 | -2.63 | 27.67 | -7.47 | 21.85 | -9.27 | 17.52 | -8.69 | 12.74 | -8.13 | 8.18 | -5.26 |
| Rosiglitazone | 7.53 | -0.455 | 18.83 | -1.04 | 32.09 | -7.42 | 32.25 | -6.19 | 25.47 | -6.43 | 18.11 | -5.57 | 10.74 | -4.04 |
"Change in insulin AUC in the first stage(uIU-min/ml) from baseline to week 20. First stage represents the first 10 minutes after reaching a steady state during a hyperglycemic clamp test." (NCT00135330)
Timeframe: Week 20
| Intervention | uIU-min/ml (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline insulin AUC | Change from baseline insulin AUC at week 20 | |
| Exenatide | 200.50 | 134.88 |
| Exenatide Plus Rosiglitazone | 136.84 | 32.12 |
| Rosiglitazone | 157.49 | -50.81 |
"Change in insulin iAUC in the first stage(uIU-min/ml) from baseline to week 20. First stage represents the first 10 minutes after reaching a steady state during a hyperglycemic clamp test." (NCT00135330)
Timeframe: Week 20
| Intervention | uIU-min/ml (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline insulin iAUC | Change from baseline insulin iAUC at week 20 | |
| Exenatide | 5.98 | 99.08 |
| Exenatide Plus Rosiglitazone | -9.92 | 53.71 |
| Rosiglitazone | 23.09 | 11.51 |
Change of M-Value (mg/kg-min) during hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp test from baseline to week 20. (NCT00135330)
Timeframe: Week 20
| Intervention | mg/kg-min (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| M-Value at baseline | Change in M-Value from baseline at week 20 | |
| Exenatide | 3.89 | 0.477 |
| Exenatide Plus Rosiglitazone | 2.49 | 2.07 |
| Rosiglitazone | 4.02 | 1.42 |
Change in lean body mass from baseline to week 20, as assessed during an MCT (NCT00135330)
Timeframe: 20 weeks
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline lean body mass | Change in lean body mass at week 20 | |
| Exenatide | 64.62 | -2.99 |
| Exenatide Plus Rosiglitazone | 60.94 | 0.532 |
| Rosiglitazone | 61.09 | 1.23 |
Change in percent body fat from baseline to week 20, as assessed during an MCT (NCT00135330)
Timeframe: 20 weeks
| Intervention | percentage (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline percent body fat | Change in percent body fat at week 20 | |
| Exenatide | 33.42 | -1.40 |
| Exenatide Plus Rosiglitazone | 34.07 | -0.347 |
| Rosiglitazone | 32.50 | -1.18 |
Change in waist circumference from baseline to week 20 (NCT00135330)
Timeframe: 20 weeks
| Intervention | cm (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline waist circumference | Change in waist circumference at Week 20 | |
| Exenatide | 105.98 | -2.95 |
| Exenatide Plus Rosiglitazone | 106.85 | -2.38 |
| Rosiglitazone | 105.34 | -0.225 |
Change in waist-to-hip ratio (waist circumference divided by hip circumference) from baseline to week 20 (NCT00135330)
Timeframe: 20 weeks
| Intervention | ratio (cm/cm) (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline waist-to-hip ratio | Change in waist-to-hip ratio at week 20 | |
| Exenatide | 0.939 | -0.016 |
| Exenatide Plus Rosiglitazone | 0.957 | -0.022 |
| Rosiglitazone | 0.943 | -0.016 |
"Pedal edema scores experienced by each patient throughout the study (1+ indicates a patient experienced a pedal edema score of 1 , 2, or 3; 2+ indicates a patient experienced a pedal edema score of 2 or 3, etc.)~Scale:~Slight pitting, no visible distortion, disappears rapidly~A somewhat deeper pit than in 1+, but again no readily detectable distortion, and it disappears in 10 - 15 seconds~The pit is noticeably deep and may last more than a minute; the dependent extremity looks fuller and swollen~The pit is very deep, lasts as long as 2 - 5 minutes, and the dependent extremity is grossly distorted" (NCT00135330)
Timeframe: 20 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No edema | Edema score: 1+ | Edema score: 2+ | Edema score: 3+ | |
| Exenatide | 37 | 7 | 1 | 0 |
| Exenatide Plus Rosiglitazone | 34 | 11 | 3 | 0 |
| Rosiglitazone | 30 | 14 | 6 | 1 |
Ratio (value at endpoint divided by value at baseline) of AUC (15-180 min) for insulin (uIU-min/ml) during MCT. (NCT00135330)
Timeframe: Week 20
| Intervention | uIU-min/ml (Geometric Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline AUC for insulin during MCT | Ratio(endpoint/baseline) of insulin AUC during MCT | |
| Exenatide | 5171.40 | 0.806 |
| Exenatide Plus Rosiglitazone | 4324.13 | 0.664 |
| Rosiglitazone | 5816.83 | 0.722 |
24 hour blood pressure measurements were performed after each treatment/diet phase (NCT01090752)
Timeframe: march 2009
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone Low Salt/High Salt | 128 |
| Placebo Low Salt/High Salt | 129 |
At the end of each treatment diet phase, renal clearances were performed for the determination of GFR and RBF (NCT01090752)
Timeframe: 2008
| Intervention | ml/min/1.73m2 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone Low Salt/High Salt | 68.0 |
| Placebo Low Salt/High Salt | 62.4 |
At the end of each treatment and diet phase, 24 urine collections were collected for the determination of sodium and lithium clearances (NCT01090752)
Timeframe: 2007
| Intervention | ml/min (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone Low Salt/High Salt | 1.05 |
| Placebo Low Salt/High Salt | 1.18 |
Change from baseline at Week 104 is defined as Week 104 minus Week 0. (NCT00094770)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 104
| Intervention | Kilograms (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -1.6 |
| Glipizide | 0.7 |
Change from baseline at Week 52 is defined as Week 52 minus Week 0. (NCT00094770)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | Kilograms (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -1.5 |
| Glipizide | 1.1 |
HbA1c is measured as percent. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 104 HbA1c percent minus the Week 0 HbA1c percent. (NCT00094770)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 104
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -0.54 |
| Glipizide | -0.51 |
HbA1c is measured as percent. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 52 HbA1c percent minus the Week 0 HbA1c percent. (NCT00094770)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 52
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -0.67 |
| Glipizide | -0.67 |
Participants with drug-related (as assessed by an investigator who is a qualified physician according to his/her best clinical judgment) LAEs. (NCT00094770)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 104
| Intervention | Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 18 |
| Glipizide | 21 |
Number of participants who reported 1 or more episodes of the adverse experience of hypoglycemia. (NCT00094770)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 104
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Participants with one or more Hypoglycemic AEs | Total number of Hypoglycemic episodes | Participants with no Hypoglycemic AEs | |
| Glipizide | 199 | 805 | 385 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 31 | 57 | 557 |
Number of participants who reported 1 or more episodes of the adverse experience (AEs) of hypoglycemia. (NCT00094770)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Participants with one or more Hypoglycemic AEs | Total number of Hypoglycemic episodes | Participants with no Hypoglycemic AEs | |
| Glipizide | 187 | 657 | 397 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 29 | 50 | 559 |
An adverse experience (AE) is defined as any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function, or chemistry of the body temporally associated with the use of the SPONSOR'S product, whether or not considered related to the use of the product. (NCT00094770)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 104
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| With CAES | Without CAES | |
| Glipizide | 480 | 104 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 452 | 136 |
Participants with drug-related (as assessed by an investigator who is a qualified physician according to his/her best clinical judgment) CAEs. (NCT00094770)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 104
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| With drug related CAEs | Without drug related CAEs | |
| Glipizide | 193 | 391 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 97 | 491 |
A laboratory adverse experience (LAE) is defined as any unfavorable and unintended change in the chemistry of the body temporally associated with the use of the SPONSOR'S product, whether or not considered related to the use of the product. (NCT00094770)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 104
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| With LAEs | Without LAEs | |
| Glipizide | 74 | 510 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 85 | 503 |
Serious CAEs are any AEs occurring at any dose that; Results in death; or Is life threatening; or Results in a persistent or significant disability/incapacity; or Results in or prolongs an existing inpatient hospitalization; or Is a congenital anomaly/birth defect; or Is a cancer; or Is an overdose. (NCT00094770)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 104
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| With serious CAEs | Without serious CAEs | |
| Glipizide | 73 | 511 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 64 | 524 |
Serious LAEs are any LAEs occurring at any dose that: results in death; or is life threatening; or results in a persistent or significant disability/incapacity; or results in or prolongs an existing inpatient hospitalization; or is a congenital anomaly/birth defect; or is a cancer; or is an overdose. (NCT00094770)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 104
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| With serious LAEs | Without serious LAEs | |
| Glipizide | 0 | 584 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | 0 | 588 |
Change in body weight from baseline (Day 1) to Week 26. (NCT00637273)
Timeframe: Day 1, Week 26
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | -2.31 |
| Sitagliptin | -0.77 |
| Pioglitazone | 2.79 |
Change in diastolic blood pressure from baseline (Day 1) to Week 26. (NCT00637273)
Timeframe: Day 1, Week 26
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | -1.4 |
| Sitagliptin | -0.4 |
| Pioglitazone | -2.5 |
Change in fasting HDL from baseline (Day 1) to Week 26. (NCT00637273)
Timeframe: Day 1, Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | 2.0 |
| Sitagliptin | 2.0 |
| Pioglitazone | 6.2 |
Change in fasting plasma glucose from baseline (Day 1) to Week 26. (NCT00637273)
Timeframe: Day 1, Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | -31.8 |
| Sitagliptin | -16.3 |
| Pioglitazone | -27.3 |
Change in fasting total cholesterol from baseline (Day 1) to Week 26. (NCT00637273)
Timeframe: Day 1, Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | -0.6 |
| Sitagliptin | 3.1 |
| Pioglitazone | 6.2 |
Absolute change in HbA1c from baseline (Day 1) to Week 26 [Week 26 - Baseline]. (NCT00637273)
Timeframe: Day 1, Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of total hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | -1.55 |
| Sitagliptin | -0.92 |
| Pioglitazone | -1.23 |
Change in systolic blood pressure from baseline (Day 1) to Week 26. (NCT00637273)
Timeframe: Day 1, Week 26
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | -3.6 |
| Sitagliptin | 0.2 |
| Pioglitazone | -1.6 |
Percentages of subjects achieving HbA1c target values of <=6.0% at Week 26. (NCT00637273)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | 13.8 |
| Sitagliptin | 9.0 |
| Pioglitazone | 4.8 |
Percentages of subjects achieving HbA1c target values of <=6.5% at Week 26. (NCT00637273)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | 38.8 |
| Sitagliptin | 15.7 |
| Pioglitazone | 26.7 |
Percentages of subjects achieving HbA1c target values of <7% at Week 26. (NCT00637273)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | 58.8 |
| Sitagliptin | 30.7 |
| Pioglitazone | 43.6 |
Ratio of triglycerides (measured in mg/dL) at Week 26 to baseline (Day 1). Log (Postbaseline Triglycerides) - log (Baseline Triglycerides); change from baseline to endpoint is presented as ratio of endpoint to baseline. (NCT00637273)
Timeframe: Day 1, Week 26
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | 0.95 |
| Sitagliptin | 0.95 |
| Pioglitazone | 0.84 |
Major hypoglycemia: events that, in the judgment of the investigator or physician, resulted in loss of consciousness, seizure, coma, or other change in mental status consistent with neuroglycopenia, in which symptoms resolved after administration of intramuscular glucagon or intravenous glucose, required third-party assistance, and was accompanied by a blood glucose concentration < 54 mg/dL prior to treatment. Minor hypoglycemia: symptoms consistent with hypoglycemia and blood glucose concentration < 54 mg/dL prior to treatment and not classified as major hypoglycemia. (NCT00637273)
Timeframe: Day 1 to Week 26
| Intervention | rate per subject-year (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment-Emergent Major Hypoglycemia | Treatment-Emergent Minor Hypoglycemia | |
| Exenatide Once Weekly | 0.00 | 0.03 |
| Pioglitazone | 0.00 | 0.01 |
| Sitagliptin | 0.00 | 0.12 |
Change in homeostatic model assessment-beta cell (HOMA-B) from baseline to endpoint (Week 26) (outcome measure is presented as the ratio of endpoint HOMA-B divided by baseline HOMA-B). HOMA-B is a measure of pancreatic beta-cell function. (NCT00603239)
Timeframe: baseline and 26 weeks
| Intervention | ratio (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Twice Daily (BID) | 1.08 |
| Placebo | 0.84 |
Change in body weight from baseline to endpoint (26 weeks) (NCT00603239)
Timeframe: baseline and 26 weeks
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Twice Daily (BID) | -1.43 |
| Placebo | -0.75 |
Change in FSG from baseline to endpoint (26 weeks) (NCT00603239)
Timeframe: baseline and 26 weeks
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Twice Daily (BID) | -0.65 |
| Placebo | 0.37 |
Change in HbA1c from baseline to endpoint after 26 weeks of treatment (i.e., HbA1c at endpoint minus HbA1c at baseline) (NCT00603239)
Timeframe: baseline and 26 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Twice Daily (BID) | -0.84 |
| Placebo | -0.10 |
Change in homeostatic model assessment-insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S) from baseline to endpoint (26 weeks) (outcome measure is presented as the ratio of endpoint HOMA-S divided by baseline HOMA-S). (NCT00603239)
Timeframe: baseline and 26 weeks
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Twice Daily (BID) | 1.09 |
| Placebo | 1.07 |
Change in waist circumference from baseline to endpoint (26 weeks) (NCT00603239)
Timeframe: baseline and 26 weeks
| Intervention | cm (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Twice Daily (BID) | -2.26 |
| Placebo | -1.85 |
Overall number of subjects who experienced an episode of minor hypoglycemia. (NCT00603239)
Timeframe: 26 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Twice Daily (BID) | 4 |
| Placebo | 1 |
Percentage of ITT patients who had achieved HbA1c <= 6.5% at endpoint (Week 26 or early discontinuation) (NCT00603239)
Timeframe: 26 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Twice Daily (BID) | 33.6 |
| Placebo | 13.0 |
Percentage of intent-to-treat (ITT) patients who had HbA1c > 7% at baseline that decreased to <= 7% at endpoint (Week 26 or early discontinuation) (NCT00603239)
Timeframe: 26 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Twice Daily (BID) | 49.0 |
| Placebo | 36.5 |
EQ-5D Score - change from baseline to endpoint (26 weeks). EQ-5D is a 5-item questionnaire used to characterize current health states. The tool and accompanying visual analog scale (VAS) assess 5 domains of quality of life, including mobility, self-care, usual activity, pain, and anxiety/depression. Weights are used to score the responses to the 5 domains, with 3 options possible in each domain: extreme problems, some/moderate problems, or no problems. Scores range from 0 to 1, with a score of 1 representing a perfect health state. (NCT00603239)
Timeframe: baseline and 26 weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change in Health State Score | Change in Mobility component | Change in Self Care component | Change Usual Activities component | Change in Pain/Discomfort component | Change in Anxiety/Depression component | |
| Exenatide Twice Daily (BID) | 0.79 | 0.14 | 0.08 | 0.17 | 0.29 | -0.10 |
| Placebo | -2.94 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 0.19 | 0.23 | -0.26 |
"IWQOL-Lite analysis of change from baseline to endpoint (26 weeks). IWQOL-Lite is a 31-item questionnaire, assessing the domains of physical function, self-esteem, sexual life, public distress, and work. Response categories for each item range from 1 = never true to 5 = always true." (NCT00603239)
Timeframe: baseline and 26 weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change in Total Score | Change in Physical Function component | Change in Self-Esteem component | Change in Sexual Life component | Change in Public Distress component | Change in Work component | |
| Exenatide Twice Daily (BID) | -1.56 | -3.84 | 0.20 | 0.12 | -0.48 | -0.91 |
| Placebo | 0.11 | -1.05 | -0.54 | 5.01 | -0.28 | 0.08 |
"Change in beta cell function from baseline (week 0) to 16 weeks (end of treatment). Beta-cell function was derived from fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting insulin concentrations using the homeostasic model assessment (HOMA) method which uses the assumption that normal-weight normal subjects aged under 35 years have a 100% beta-cell function (HOMA-B).~Beta-cell function: HOMA-B (%) = 20∙fasting insulin[uU/mL] divided by (FPG mmol/L]-3.5)." (NCT00614120)
Timeframe: week 0, week 16
| Intervention | percentage point (%point) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 0.6 + Met | 15.3 |
| Lira 1.2 + Met | 17.8 |
| Lira 1.8 + Met | 21.7 |
| Glim + Met | 21.8 |
Change in body weight from baseline (week 0) to 16 weeks (end of treatment) (NCT00614120)
Timeframe: week 0, week 16
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 0.6 + Met | -1.8 |
| Lira 1.2 + Met | -2.3 |
| Lira 1.8 + Met | -2.4 |
| Glim + Met | 0.1 |
Change in fasting lipid profiles based on apolipoprotein B (Apo-B) from baseline (week 0) to 16 weeks (end of treatment). (NCT00614120)
Timeframe: week 0, week 16
| Intervention | g/L (Median) |
|---|---|
| Lira 0.6 + Met | 0.02 |
| Lira 1.2 + Met | 0.00 |
| Lira 1.8 + Met | -0.00 |
| Glim + Met | 0.01 |
Percentage point change in Glycosylated Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) from baseline (week 0) to 16 weeks (end of treatment). (NCT00614120)
Timeframe: week 0, week 16
| Intervention | percentage point of total HbA1c (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 0.6 + Met | -1.0 |
| Lira 1.2 + Met | -1.3 |
| Lira 1.8 + Met | -1.4 |
| Glim + Met | -1.3 |
Change in self-measured fasting plasma glucose from baseline (week 0) to 16 weeks (end of treatment). Self-measurement of plasma glucose was performed using a glucose meter and subjects were instructed to record self-measured plasma glucose values into a diary. (NCT00614120)
Timeframe: week 0, week 16
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 0.6 + Met | -1.83 |
| Lira 1.2 + Met | -1.96 |
| Lira 1.8 + Met | -2.28 |
| Glim + Met | -2.13 |
Summary of 7-Point Profiles of Self-Measured Plasma Glucose by Treatment, Week and Time. The 7 time points for self-measurements for all treatment groups were: Before each meal (breakfast, lunch and dinner), at 90 min after start of each meal (breakfast, lunch and dinner) and at bedtime, measured over 16 weeks of treatment (at week 0, 8, 12 and 16). (NCT00614120)
Timeframe: week 0, 8, 12 and 16
| Intervention | mg/dl (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 0 - Before breakfast | Week 0 - 90 minutes after breakfast | Week 0 - Before lunch | Week 0 - 90 minutes after lunch | Week 0 - Before dinner | Week 0 - 90 minutes after dinner | Week 0 - Bedtime | Week 8 - Before breakfast | Week 8 - 90 minutes after breakfast | Week 8 - Before lunch | Week 8 - 90 minutes after lunch | Week 8 - Before dinner | Week 8 - 90 minutes after dinner | Week 8 - Bedtime | Week 12 - Before breakfast | Week 12 - 90 minutes after breakfast | Week 12 - Before lunch | Week 12 - 90 minutes after lunch | Week 12 - Before dinner | Week 12 - 90 minutes after dinner | Week 12 - Bedtime | Week 16 - Before breakfast | Week 16 - 90 minutes after breakfast | Week 16 - Before lunch | Week 16 - 90 minutes after lunch | Week 16 - Before dinner | Week 16 - 90 minutes after dinner | Week 16 - Bedtime | |
| Glim + Met | 163.8 | 238.5 | 175.8 | 227.6 | 180.2 | 231.6 | 202.7 | 130.1 | 201.2 | 132.6 | 184.3 | 143.3 | 190.2 | 163.6 | 128.5 | 200.8 | 129.3 | 185.3 | 144.2 | 188.5 | 159.9 | 131.0 | 195.1 | 128.8 | 182.2 | 144.9 | 192.6 | 157.7 |
| Lira 0.6 + Met | 168.2 | 245.9 | 178.5 | 234.2 | 194.8 | 239.6 | 205.7 | 137.0 | 198.5 | 144.8 | 187.2 | 159.1 | 193.7 | 169.1 | 137.8 | 197.5 | 141.8 | 183.7 | 156.4 | 197.2 | 168.2 | 137.3 | 195.6 | 140.5 | 185.8 | 151.5 | 195.0 | 166.4 |
| Lira 1.2 + Met | 167.5 | 248.0 | 180.5 | 232.3 | 184.8 | 239.6 | 208.1 | 130.4 | 190.1 | 136.5 | 176.9 | 147.8 | 187.1 | 161.6 | 130.2 | 185.7 | 135.6 | 174.7 | 143.4 | 185.7 | 158.9 | 132.9 | 188.7 | 137.0 | 181.4 | 148.4 | 183.3 | 159.8 |
| Lira 1.8 + Met | 168.8 | 245.4 | 176.9 | 234.4 | 190.9 | 244.0 | 219.3 | 133.7 | 178.5 | 138.0 | 177.9 | 144.2 | 183.3 | 155.8 | 130.2 | 178.6 | 134.1 | 173.7 | 144.5 | 183.5 | 158.9 | 128.6 | 177.6 | 137.8 | 173.2 | 140.9 | 173.2 | 151.6 |
"Change in fasting lipid profiles from baseline (week 0) to 16 weeks (end of treatment). Fasting lipid profiles is based on:~Total Cholesterol (TC)~Low-density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C)~Very Low-density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C)~High-density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C)~Triglyceride (TG)~Free Fatty Acid (FFA)" (NCT00614120)
Timeframe: week 0, week 16
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change in TC (Absolute), N=221, 216, 216, 228 | Change in LDL-C (Absolute), N=221, 216, 216, 228 | Change in VLDL-C (Absolute), N=213, 210, 207, 220 | Change in HDL-C (Absolute), N=217, 212, 212, 220 | Change in TG (Absolute), N=220, 212, 213, 226 | Change in FFA (Absolute), N=218, 214, 216, 227 | |
| Glim + Met | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.05 | -0.01 | -0.07 | -0.02 |
| Lira 0.6 + Met | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.03 | -0.02 | -0.08 | -0.03 |
| Lira 1.2 + Met | -0.01 | -0.03 | 0.05 | -0.05 | -0.06 | -0.04 |
| Lira 1.8 + Met | -0.03 | 0.00 | 0.01 | -0.05 | -0.22 | -0.10 |
Total number of hypoglycaemic episodes over 16 weeks of treatment occurring from baseline (week 0) to end of treatment (week 16). Hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as major, minor, or symptoms only. Major if the subject was unable to treat her/himself. Minor if subject was able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose was below 3.1 mmol/L. Symptoms only if subject was able to treat her/himself and with no plasma glucose measurement or plasma glucose higher than or equal to 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT00614120)
Timeframe: weeks 0-16
| Intervention | episodes (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Major | Minor | Symptoms only | |
| Glim + Met | 2 | 80 | 86 |
| Lira 0.6 + Met | 0 | 6 | 12 |
| Lira 1.2 + Met | 0 | 0 | 11 |
| Lira 1.8 + Met | 0 | 5 | 9 |
Change in body weight following 30 weeks of therapy (i.e., body weight at week 30 minus body weight at baseline) (NCT00765817)
Timeframe: baseline and 30 weeks
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | -1.78 |
| Placebo Arm | 0.96 |
Change in daily insulin dose following 30 weeks of therapy (i.e., daily insulin dose at week 30 minus daily insulin dose at baseline) (NCT00765817)
Timeframe: baseline and 30 weeks
| Intervention | insulin units (U) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | 13.19 |
| Placebo Arm | 19.71 |
Change in daily insulin dose per kilogram (kg) following 30 weeks of therapy (i.e., daily insulin dose per kg at week 30 minus daily insulin dose per kg at baseline) (NCT00765817)
Timeframe: baseline and 30 weeks
| Intervention | insulin units per kg (U/kg) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | 0.15 |
| Placebo Arm | 0.20 |
Change in DBP following 30 weeks of therapy (i.e., DBP at week 30 minus DBP at baseline) (NCT00765817)
Timeframe: baseline and 30 weeks
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | -1.73 |
| Placebo Arm | 1.69 |
Change in fasting serum glucose following 30 weeks of therapy (i.e., fasting serum glucose at week 30 minus fasting serum glucose at baseline) (NCT00765817)
Timeframe: baseline and 30 weeks
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | -1.28 |
| Placebo Arm | -0.87 |
Change in HbA1c from baseline following 30 weeks of therapy (i.e., HbA1c at week 30 minus HbA1c at baseline). Unit of measure is percent of hemoglobin that is glycosylated. (NCT00765817)
Timeframe: baseline and 30 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | -1.71 |
| Placebo Arm | -1.00 |
Change in HDL cholesterol following 30 weeks of therapy (i.e., HDL cholesterol at week 30 minus HDL cholesterol at baseline) (NCT00765817)
Timeframe: baseline and 30 weeks
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | 0.01 |
| Placebo Arm | 0.00 |
Change in LDL cholesterol following 30 weeks of therapy (i.e., LDL cholesterol at week 30 minus LDL cholesterol at baseline) (NCT00765817)
Timeframe: baseline and 30 weeks
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | -0.19 |
| Placebo Arm | -0.00 |
Change in SBP following 30 weeks of therapy (i.e., SBP at week 30 minus SBP at baseline) (NCT00765817)
Timeframe: baseline and 30 weeks
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | -2.74 |
| Placebo Arm | 1.71 |
Change in total cholesterol following 30 weeks of therapy (i.e., total cholesterol at week 30 minus total cholesterol at baseline) (NCT00765817)
Timeframe: baseline and 30 weeks
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | -0.16 |
| Placebo Arm | -0.02 |
Change in triglycerides following 30 weeks of therapy (i.e., triglycerides at week 30 minus triglycerides at baseline) (NCT00765817)
Timeframe: baseline and 30 weeks
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | -0.02 |
| Placebo Arm | -0.03 |
Change in waist circumference following 30 weeks of therapy (i.e., waist circumference at week 30 minus waist circumference at baseline) (NCT00765817)
Timeframe: baseline and 30 weeks
| Intervention | cm (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | -1.08 |
| Placebo Arm | -0.25 |
Number of minor hypoglycemia events experienced per subject per year. Minor hypoglycemia was defined as any time a subject felt he or she was experiencing a sign or symptom associated with hypoglycemia that was either self-treated by the subject or resolved on its own and had a concurrent finger stick blood glucose <3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL). (NCT00765817)
Timeframe: baseline and weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, and 30
| Intervention | events per subject per year (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | 1.61 |
| Placebo Arm | 1.55 |
Percentage of patients in each arm who had HbA1c >6.5% at baseline and had HbA1c <=6.5% at week 30 (percentage = [number of subjects with HbA1c <=6.5% at week 30 divided by number of subjects with HbA1c >6.5% at baseline] * 100%). (NCT00765817)
Timeframe: baseline and 30 weeks
| Intervention | percentage (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | 42.0 |
| Placebo Arm | 13.3 |
Percentage of patients in each arm who had HbA1c >7% at baseline and had HbA1c <=7% at week 30 (percentage = [number of subjects with HbA1c <=7% at week 30 divided by number of subjects with HbA1c >7% at baseline] * 100%). (NCT00765817)
Timeframe: baseline and 30 weeks
| Intervention | percentage (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | 58.3 |
| Placebo Arm | 31.1 |
Percentage of subjects in each arm experiencing at least one episode of minor hypoglycemia at any point during the study. Minor hypoglycemia was defined as any time a subject felt he or she was experiencing a sign or symptom associated with hypoglycemia that was either self-treated by the subject or resolved on its own and had a concurrent finger stick blood glucose <3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL). (NCT00765817)
Timeframe: baseline and weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, and 30
| Intervention | percentage (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | 24.8 |
| Placebo Arm | 28.7 |
Change in 7-point (pre-breakfast, 2 hour post-breakfast, pre-lunch, 2 hour post-lunch, pre-dinner, 2 hour post-dinner, 0300 hours) SMBG profile from baseline to week 30 (change = blood glucose value at week 30 minus blood glucose value at baseline) (NCT00765817)
Timeframe: baseline and 30 weeks
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-breakfast: baseline | Pre-breakfast: change at week 30 | 2 hour post-breakfast: baseline | 2 hour post-breakfast: change at week 30 | Pre-lunch: baseline | Pre-lunch: change at week 30 | 2 hour post-lunch: baseline | 2 hour post-lunch: change at week 30 | Pre-dinner: baseline | Pre-dinner: change at week 30 | 2 hour post-dinner: baseline | 2 hour post-dinner: change at week 30 | 0300: baseline | 0300: change at week 30 | |
| Exenatide Arm | 7.89 | -1.58 | 10.89 | -3.56 | 8.95 | -2.23 | 11.35 | -2.74 | 9.85 | -2.25 | 12.03 | -3.87 | 8.95 | -2.27 |
| Placebo Arm | 8.27 | -1.48 | 11.82 | -1.72 | 9.77 | -1.15 | 11.70 | -1.38 | 9.99 | -1.33 | 11.86 | -1.34 | 9.20 | -1.48 |
Change from baseline at Week 30 was defined as Week 30 minus Week 0. (NCT00701090)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 30
| Intervention | Kilograms (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -0.8 |
| Glimepiride | 1.2 |
Change from baseline at Week 30 was defined as Week 30 minus Week 0. (NCT00701090)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 30
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -14.6 |
| Glimepiride | -17.5 |
Patient-level HbA1c is measured as a percent. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 30 HbA1c percent minus the Week 0 HbA1c percent. (NCT00701090)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 30
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -0.47 |
| Glimepiride | -0.54 |
(NCT00701090)
Timeframe: Week 30
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 21.2 |
| Glimepiride | 27.5 |
(NCT00701090)
Timeframe: Week 30
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 52.4 |
| Glimepiride | 59.6 |
(NCT00701090)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 30
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | 7.0 |
| Glimepiride | 22.0 |
(NCT00789191)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | kg/m^2 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Comb | -0.30 |
| Sita | -0.58 |
(NCT00789191)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 26
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Comb | -0.81 |
| Sita | -1.66 |
(NCT00789191)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Comb | 6.08 |
| Sita | 8.52 |
(NCT00789191)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Percent (%) glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Comb | 7.08 |
| Sita | 7.64 |
Overall: All episodes. Minor: Symptomatic, with PG < 3.1 mmol/L. Symptoms only: Symptomatic with PG ≥ 3.1 mmol/L (NCT00789191)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-26
| Intervention | episodes (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Minor | Symptoms Only | Unclassified | |
| Comb | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sita | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Day time: Episodes between 6 pm and 11 am. Overall: All episodes. Minor: Symptomatic, with PG < 3.1 mmol/L. Symptoms only: Symptomatic with PG ≥ 3.1 mmol/L (NCT00789191)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-26
| Intervention | episodes (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Minor | Symptoms Only | Unclassified | |
| Comb | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sita | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Night time: Episodes between 11 am and 6 pm. Overall: All episodes. Minor: Symptomatic, with PG < 3.1 mmol/L. Symptoms only: Symptomatic with PG ≥ 3.1 mmol/L (NCT00789191)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-26
| Intervention | episodes (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Minor | Symptoms Only | Unclassified | |
| Comb | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sita | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
(NCT00789191)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Subjects (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Target achieved | Target not achieved | |
| Comb | 20 | 83 |
| Sita | 11 | 95 |
Symptomatic hypoglycaemia is biochemically confirmed hypoglycaemia or major hypoglycaemia (NCT00789191)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Subjects (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Target achieved | Target not achieved | |
| Comb | 15 | 88 |
| Sita | 8 | 98 |
(NCT00789191)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Subjects (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Target achieved | Target not achieved | |
| Comb | 46 | 57 |
| Sita | 25 | 81 |
Symptomatic hypoglycaemia is biochemically confirmed hypoglycaemia or major hypoglycaemia (NCT00789191)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | Subjects (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Target achieved | Target not achieved | |
| Comb | 37 | 66 |
| Sita | 21 | 85 |
(NCT00789191)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before breakfast | 120 minutes after start of breakfast | Before Lunch | 120 minutes after start of lunch | Before dinner | 120 minutes after start of dinner | Bedtime | At 03:00 A.M. | Before breakfast the following day | |
| Comb | 6.16 | 8.82 | 6.99 | 8.69 | 7.85 | 9.30 | 8.38 | 6.85 | 6.07 |
| Sita | 8.17 | 10.50 | 8.01 | 9.99 | 8.61 | 10.20 | 9.42 | 8.02 | 7.87 |
Change in BMI from baseline after 26 weeks of treatment (i.e., BMI at week 26 minus BMI at week 0) (NCT00434954)
Timeframe: Baseline and 26 weeks
| Intervention | kg/m^2 (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Twice Daily | -1.39 |
| Premixed Insulin Aspart Twice Daily | 0.32 |
Change in body weight from baseline after 26 weeks of treatment (i.e., body weight at week 26 minus body weight at week 0) (NCT00434954)
Timeframe: Baseline and 26 weeks
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Twice Daily | -4.10 |
| Premixed Insulin Aspart Twice Daily | 1.02 |
Change in HbA1c from baseline after 26 weeks of treatment (i.e., HbA1c at week 26 minus HbA1c at week 0) (NCT00434954)
Timeframe: Baseline and 26 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Twice Daily | -1.00 |
| Premixed Insulin Aspart Twice Daily | -1.14 |
Risk for first hypoglycemic episode (blood glucose <=3.9 mmol/L or severe episode) to occur up to week 26 (NCT00434954)
Timeframe: 26 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Twice Daily | 8.0 |
| Premixed Insulin Aspart Twice Daily | 20.5 |
Risk for the first hypoglycemic episode to occur up to Week 26 (percentage of subjects who experienced at least one treatment-emergent hypoglycemic episode during the 26-week treatment period)[ i.e., number of subjects experiencing at least one hypoglycemic episode divided by total number of subjects times 100%] (NCT00434954)
Timeframe: 26 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Twice Daily | 1.8 |
| Premixed Insulin Aspart Twice Daily | 6.3 |
Risk for first nocturnal (night-time) hypoglycemic episode to occur up to week 26 (percentage of subjects who experienced at least one episode of nocturnal hypoglycemia during the 26 week treatment period) [i.e., number of subjects who experienced nocturnal hypoglycemia divided by total number of subjects times 100%]. (NCT00434954)
Timeframe: 26 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Twice Daily | 3.9 |
| Premixed Insulin Aspart Twice Daily | 7.0 |
Percentage of subjects achieving HbA1c target of < 6.5% at the end of study (week 26) [i.e., number of subjects who achieved HbA1c < 6.5% divided by total number of subjects times 100%]. (NCT00434954)
Timeframe: 26 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Twice Daily | 27.6 |
| Premixed Insulin Aspart Twice Daily | 24.9 |
Percentage of subjects achieving HbA1c target of < 7.0% at the end of study (week 26) [i.e., number of subjects who achieved HbA1c < 7.0% divided by total number of subjects times 100%]. (NCT00434954)
Timeframe: 26 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Twice Daily | 49.2 |
| Premixed Insulin Aspart Twice Daily | 56.6 |
7-point self-monitored blood glucose profiles at baseline and the end of the study, measured at 7 times during the day (pre-breakfast, 2 hours post-breakfast, pre-lunch, 2 hours post-lunch, pre-dinner, 2 hours post-dinner, and 3:00am). (NCT00434954)
Timeframe: Baseline and 26 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-breakfast at baseline (week 0) | Pre-breakfast at endpoint (week 26) | 2 hrs post-breakfast at baseline (week 0) | 2 hrs post-breakfast at endpoint (week 26) | Pre-lunch at baseline (week 0) | Pre-lunch at endpoint (week 26) | 2 hrs post-lunch at baseline (week 0) | 2 hrs post-lunch at endpoint (week 26) | Pre-dinner at baseline (week 0) | Pre-dinner at endpoint (week 26) | 2 hrs post-dinner at baseline (week 0) | 2 hrs post-dinner at endpoint (week 26) | 3:00 am at baseline (week 0) | 3:00 am at endpoint (week 26) | |
| Exenatide Twice Daily | 8.933 | 7.774 | 10.821 | 8.014 | 8.443 | 7.506 | 9.698 | 8.513 | 8.684 | 7.616 | 10.241 | 7.727 | 8.323 | 7.518 |
| Premixed Insulin Aspart Twice Daily | 9.005 | 7.293 | 10.902 | 8.304 | 8.357 | 6.656 | 9.899 | 8.216 | 8.759 | 7.194 | 10.259 | 8.143 | 8.475 | 6.999 |
Total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (calculated), and triglyceride levels at baseline (week 0) and the end of the study (week 26) (NCT00434954)
Timeframe: Baseline and 26 weeks
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total cholesterol at baseline (week 0) | Total cholesterol at endpoint (week 26) | HDL cholesterol at baseline (week 0) | HDL cholesterol at endpoint (week 26) | LDL cholesterol (calculated) at baseline (week 0) | LDL cholesterol (calculated) at endpoint (week 26) | Triglycerides at baseline (week 0) | Triglycerides at endpoint (week 26) | |
| Exenatide Twice Daily | 5.147 | 4.971 | 1.234 | 1.244 | 2.845 | 2.738 | 2.391 | 2.234 |
| Premixed Insulin Aspart Twice Daily | 5.084 | 5.050 | 1.255 | 1.319 | 2.768 | 2.852 | 2.410 | 2.006 |
Total DTSQ treatment satisfaction score at baseline (week 0) and after 26 weeks of treatment (LOCF). Total DTSQ treatment satisfaction score is derived as sum score of the individual components 1 and 4-8 of the DTSQ questionnaire. Each component is scored on a scale of 0 (worst case) to 6 (best case). Higher values represent higher treatment satisfaction. (NCT00434954)
Timeframe: Baseline and 26 weeks
| Intervention | scores on DTSQ scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| DTSQ score at baseline (week 0) | DTSQ score at endpoint (week 26) | |
| Exenatide Twice Daily | 29.5 | 30.6 |
| Premixed Insulin Aspart Twice Daily | 29.7 | 29.3 |
SF-12 Physical and Mental Component Summary Scores at baseline (week 0) and after 26 weeks of treatment (LOCF). SF-12 Physical and Mental Component Summary Scores are normalized scores ranging from 0 (worst case) to 100 (best case), and are derived from responses to 12 questions. Scores > 50 indicate an above-average health status. (NCT00434954)
Timeframe: Baseline and 26 weeks
| Intervention | scores on SF-12 scale (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical Component at baseline (week 0) | Physical Component at endpoint (week 26) | Mental Component at baseline (week 0) | Mental Component at endpoint (week 26) | |
| Exenatide Twice Daily | 35.5 | 39.1 | 31.3 | 31.1 |
| Premixed Insulin Aspart Twice Daily | 36.3 | 37.7 | 28.3 | 29.6 |
A1C is measured as percent. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 44 A1C percent minus the Week 0 A1C percent. (NCT00482729)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 44
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sita/Met FDC | -2.25 |
| Metformin | -1.77 |
FPG is measured as mg/dL. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 18 FPG mg/dL minus the Week 0 FPG mg/dL. (NCT00482729)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 18
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sita/Met FDC | -69.4 |
| Metformin | -53.7 |
A1C is measured as percent. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 18 A1C percent minus the Week 0 A1C percent. (NCT00482729)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 18
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sita/Met FDC | -2.37 |
| Metformin | -1.76 |
(NCT00482729)
Timeframe: Week 18
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Patients with A1C <7.0% at Week 18 | Patients with A1C ≥7.0% at Week 18 | |
| Metformin | 193 | 371 |
| Sita/Met FDC | 275 | 284 |
(NCT00482729)
Timeframe: Week 44
| Intervention | Participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Patients with A1C <7.0% at Week 44 | Patients with A1C ≥7.0% at Week 44 | |
| Metformin | 173 | 396 |
| Sita/Met FDC | 258 | 302 |
The change between Adiponectin collected at week 24 or final visit and Adiponectin collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | μg/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 6.79 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 0.72 |
The change between Diastolic Blood Pressure measured at week 24 or final visit and Diastolic Blood Pressure measured at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -1.3 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.1 |
The change between the value of E-Selectin collected at week 24 or final visit and E-Selectin collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -3.7 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.5 |
The change between the 0.30 percent value of Erythrocyte (Red Blood Cell) Deformability collected at week 24 or final visit and Erythrocyte Deformability collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 1.3 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.4 |
The change between the 0.60 percent value of Erythrocyte (Red Blood Cell) Deformability collected at week 24 or final visit and Erythrocyte Deformability collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 2.4 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.5 |
The change between the 1.20 percent value of Erythrocyte (Red Blood Cell) Deformability collected at week 24 or final visit and Erythrocyte Deformability collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 3.2 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -1.1 |
The change between the 12.00 percent value of Erythrocyte (Red Blood Cell) Deformability collected at week 24 or final visit and Erythrocyte Deformability collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 2.7 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -1.3 |
The change between the 3.00 percent value of Erythrocyte (Red Blood Cell) Deformability collected at week 24 or final visit and Erythrocyte Deformability collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 3.3 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -.15 |
The change between the 30.00 percent value of Erythrocyte (Red Blood Cell) Deformability collected at week 24 or final visit and Erythrocyte Deformability collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 2.5 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -1.3 |
The change between the 6.00 percent value of Erythrocyte (Red Blood Cell) Deformability collected at week 24 or final visit and Erythrocyte Deformability collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 3.1 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -1.4 |
The change between the 60.00 percent value of Erythrocyte (Red Blood Cell) Deformability collected at week 24 or final visit and Erythrocyte Deformability collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 2.7 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -1.3 |
The change between Fasting Glucose collected at week 24 or final visit and Fasting Glucose collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -21.6 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -21.1 |
The change between Fasting Intact Proinsulin collected at week 24 or final visit and Fasting Intact Proinsulin collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -5.18 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.11 |
The change between the value of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) collected at week 24 or final visit and Glycosylated Hemoglobin collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.83 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.95 |
The change between the value of High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein less than or equal to 10 mg/L collected at week 24 or final visit and High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein less than or equal to 10 mg/L collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | mg/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.87 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 0.00 |
The change between the value of High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein collected at week 24 or final visit and High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | mg/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.21 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.04 |
The change between HDL-Cholesterol collected at week 24 or final visit and HDL-Cholesterol collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 3.3 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.4 |
The change between High-Density Lipoprotein/Low-Density Lipoprotein Ratio collected at week 24 or final visit and High-Density Lipoprotein/Low-Density Lipoprotein Ratio collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 0.1 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 0.3 |
The change between Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol collected at week 24 or final visit and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 9.7 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 11.2 |
The change between the value of Low-Density Lipoprotein Subfractions collected at week 24 or final visit and Low-Density Lipoprotein Subfractions collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 6.2 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 6.1 |
The change between the value of Baseline in Matrix Metallo Proteinase-9 collected at week 24 or final visit and Baseline in Matrix Metallo Proteinase-9 collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 31.4 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 51.6 |
The change between the value of Nitrotyrosine collected at week 24 or final visit and Nitrotyrosine collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -2.7 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 32.5 |
The change between the value of Platelet Function by PFA 100 collected at week 24 or final visit and Platelet Function by PFA 100 collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | sec (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -30.3 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -1.0 |
The change between the value of Soluble CD40 Ligand collected at week 24 or final visit and Soluble CD40 Ligand collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | pg/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -40.7 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 102.4 |
The change between the value of Baseline in Soluble Intracellular Adhesion molecule at week 24 or final visit and Baseline in Soluble Intracellular Adhesion molecule collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -13.0 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -3.2 |
The change between the value of Soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule collected at week 24 or final visit and Soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 11.6 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 3.3 |
The change between Systolic Blood Pressure measured at week 24 or final visit and Systolic Blood Pressure measured at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -2.5 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 0.5 |
The change between the value of Thromboxane B2 collected at week 24 or final visit and Thromboxane B2 collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | pg/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -216.4 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 527.8 |
The change between the value of Triglycerides collected at week 24 or final visit and Triglycerides collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -40.9 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -16.7 |
The change between the value of Von-Willebrand Factor collected at week 24 or final visit and Von-Willebrand Factor collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -19.5 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 1.4 |
The change between the Intake of study medication greater than 80% at week 24 or final visit and Baseline and the Intake of study medication greater than 80% at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 136 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 137 |
The increase in High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol collected at week 24 or final visit and HDL-Cholesterol collected at baseline. (NCT00770653)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone 15 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | 3.2 |
| Glimepiride 2 mg and Metformin 850 mg BID | -0.3 |
Blood was taken for C-peptide measurements. Change from baseline was calculated as the Week 80 value minus the baseline value with LOCF from Week 32 for withdrawn participants or missing values. This outcome measure was analyzed for a subset of participants in the US and Mexico only. (NCT00386100)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 80
| Intervention | mmol/l (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin | -0.244 |
| Avandamet | -0.473 |
Blood was taken for fasting insulin measurements. Change from baseline was calculated as the Week 80 value minus the baseline value, with LOCF from Week 32 for withdrawn participants or missing values. This outcome measure was analyzed for a subset of participants in the US and Mexico only. (NCT00386100)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 80
| Intervention | picomoles per Liter (pmol/l) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin | -1.5 |
| Avandamet | -35.2 |
Treatment failure was defined as an HbA1c level >= 7% after Week 32 or withdrawal due to insufficient therapeutic effect (ITE) at any time. (NCT00386100)
Timeframe: Randomization to treatment failure (up to Week 80)
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Metformin | 156 |
| Avandamet | 114 |
The ratio Delta I/Delta G is calculated based on the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), where Delta I = (30 minute immunoreactive insulin minus 0 minute immunoreactive insulin) and Delta G = (30 minute plasma glucose minus 0 minute plasma glucose). The 0 minute values are fasting insulin and glucose; the 30 minute values are taken 30 minutes after the oral glucose challenge. This outcome measure was analyzed for a subset of participants in the US and Mexico only. (NCT00386100)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 80
| Intervention | ratio (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin | -86.23 |
| Avandamet | -5.38 |
Blood was taken for serum FPG measurements. Change from baseline was calculated as the Week 80 value minus the baseline value with LOCF from Week 32 for withdrawn participants or missing values. (NCT00386100)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 80
| Intervention | mmol/l (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Change from Baseline | |
| Avandamet | 10.13 | -3.39 |
| Metformin | 10.37 | -2.53 |
Blood was taken for serum HbA1c measurements. Change from baseline was calculated as the Week 80 value minus the baseline value. Last observation carried forward (LOCF) was not used for this analysis. (NCT00386100)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 80
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Change from Baseline | |
| Avandamet | 8.64 | -1.85 |
| Metformin | 8.64 | -1.36 |
Blood was taken for serum FPG measurements. Change from baseline was calculated as the Week 80 value minus the baseline value. (NCT00386100)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 80
| Intervention | millimoles per Liter (mmol/l) (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Change from Baseline | |
| Avandamet | 10.17 | -3.41 |
| Metformin | 10.52 | -2.25 |
Blood was taken for serum Hb1AC measurements. Change from baseline was calculated as the Week 80 value minus the baseline value, with LOCF from Week 32 for withdrawn participants or missing values. (NCT00386100)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 80
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Change from Baseline | |
| Avandamet | 8.66 | -1.91 |
| Metformin | 8.59 | -1.42 |
Blood was taken for serum FPG measurements. FPG responders were described as participants having achieved FPG <=6 mmol/L (110 mg/dL) and <7 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) Hb1AC at Week 80 with LOCF from Week 32. (NCT00386100)
Timeframe: Week 80
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| FPG <=6.1 mmol/l | FPG <=7.0 mmol/l | |
| Avandamet | 83 | 133 |
| Metformin | 31 | 55 |
Blood was taken for serum Hb1AC measurements. Hb1AC responders were described as participants having achieved Hb1AC <=6% and <7% at Week 80 with LOCF from Week 32. (NCT00386100)
Timeframe: Week 80
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| <=6.5% | <7% | |
| Avandamet | 128 | 184 |
| Metformin | 97 | 133 |
(NCT00386100)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 80 or withdrawal
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dose level 1 AVM 4 mg/500 mg, MET 500 mg | Dose level 2 AVM 4 mg/1000 mg, MET 1000 mg | Dose level 3 AVM 6 mg/1500 mg, MET 1500 mg | Dose level 4 AVM 8 mg/2000 mg, MET 2000 mg | |
| Avandamet | 19 | 18 | 34 | 242 |
| Metformin | 17 | 16 | 27 | 236 |
Blood was taken for measurement of 25-hydroxy vitamin D. Percent change from baseline was based on log transformed data. Standard error, SE; Wk, Week; %, percent. This outcome measure was analyzed for a subset of participants in the bone study only. n is the number of evaluable participants, which is the number of participants with a value at baseline and at the specified visit for the parameter of interest. (NCT00386100)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 80
| Intervention | percent change (Number) | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wk80 % change + SE, overall n= 45, 38 | Wk80 % change, overall n=45, 38 | Wk 80 % change - SE, overall n= 45, 38 | Wk80 % change + SE, males n=16, 21 | Wk80 % change, males n=16, 21 | Wk80 % change - SE, males n=16, 21 | Wk80 % change + SE, females n= 29, 17 | Wk80 % change, females n=29, 17 | Wk 80 % change - SE, females n= 29, 17 | Wk80 % change + SE, premenopausal females n=13, 7 | Wk80 % change, premenopausal females n= 13, 7 | Wk80 % change - SE, premenopausal females n=13, 7 | Wk80 % change+ SE, postmenopausal females n=16, 10 | Wk80 % change, postmenopausal females n=16, 10 | Wk80% change - SE, postmenopausal females n=16, 10 | |
| Avandamet | -4.6305 | -12.9210 | -20.4909 | -4.2837 | -14.1507 | -23.0005 | 4.7124 | -9.0412 | -20.9882 | 0.3546 | -16.2325 | -30.0781 | 17.3807 | -2.7100 | -19.3620 |
| Metformin | -7.0053 | -13.9678 | -20.4091 | 8.9639 | -4.4369 | -16.1896 | -7.1080 | -16.4578 | -24.8664 | -2.0833 | -15.3838 | -26.8776 | 8.8368 | -7.1318 | -20.7575 |
Blood was taken for measurement of adiponectin. Percent change from baseline at Week 80 was based on log transformed data. This outcome measure was analyzed for a subset of participants in the US and Mexico only. (NCT00386100)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 80
| Intervention | percent change (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Percent change from baseline + SE | Percent change from baseline | Percent change from baseline - SE | |
| Avandamet | 139.28 | 128.44 | 118.10 |
| Metformin | 18.58 | 12.96 | 7.61 |
Blood was taken for measurement of BSAP. Percent change from baseline was based on log transformed data. Standard error, SE; Wk, Week; %, percent. This outcome measure was analyzed for a subset of participants in the bone study only. n is the number of evaluable participants, which is the number of participants with a value at baseline and at the specified visit for the parameter of interest. (NCT00386100)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 20, 56, and 80
| Intervention | percent change (Number) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wk80 % change + SE, overall n=72, 64 | Wk80 % change, overall n=72, 64 | Wk80 % change - SE, overall n=72, 64 | Wk56 % change + SE, overall n=72, 64 | Wk56 % change, overall n=72, 64 | Wk56 % change - SE, overall n=72, 64 | Wk20 % change + SE, overall n=66, 59 | Wk20 % change, overall n=66, 59 | Wk20 % change - SE, overall n=66, 59 | Wk80 % change + SE, males n=30, 32 | Wk80 % change, males n=30, 32 | Wk80 % change - SE, males n=30, 32 | Wk56 % change + SE, males n=30, 32 | Wk56 % change, males n=30, 32 | Wk56 % change - SE, males n=30, 32 | Wk20 % change + SE, males n=26, 29 | Wk20 % change, males n=26, 29 | Wk20 % change - SE, males n=26, 29 | Wk80 % change + SE, females n=42, 32 | Wk80 % change, females n=42, 32 | Wk80 % change - SE, females n=42, 32 | Wk56 % change + SE, females n=42, 32 | Wk56 % change, females n=42, 32 | Wk56 % change - SE, females n=42, 32 | Wk20 % change + SE, females n=40, 30 | Wk20 % change, females n=40, 30 | Wk20 % change - SE, females n=40, 30 | Wk80 % change + SE, premenopausal females n=19, 10 | Wk80 % change, premenopausal females n=19, 10 | Wk80 % change - SE, premenopausal females n=19, 10 | Wk56 % change + SE, premenopausal females n=19, 10 | Wk56 % change, premenopausal females n=19, 10 | Wk56 % change - SE, premenopausal females n=19, 10 | Wk20 % change + SE, premenopausal females n=17, 10 | Wk20 % change, premenopausal females n=17, 10 | Wk20 % change - SE, premenopausal females n=17, 10 | Wk80 % change+ SE, postmenopausal females n=23, 22 | Wk80 % change, postmenopausal females n=23, 22 | Wk80% change - SE, postmenopausal females n=23, 22 | Wk56 % change+ SE, postmenopausal females n=23, 22 | Wk56 % change, postmenopausal females n=23, 22 | Wk56% change - SE, postmenopausal females n=23, 22 | Wk20 % change+ SE, postmenopausal females n=23, 20 | Wk20 % change, postmenopausal females n=23, 20 | Wk20% change - SE, postmenopausal females n=23, 20 | |
| Avandamet | -23.30 | -26.37 | -29.31 | -24.39 | -27.48 | -30.45 | -31.02 | -33.31 | -35.53 | -21.18 | -25.34 | -29.27 | -21.97 | -25.87 | -29.57 | -26.59 | -30.05 | -33.35 | -23.20 | -27.60 | -31.74 | -24.09 | -28.77 | -33.17 | -31.60 | -35.23 | -38.66 | -23.69 | -29.89 | -35.59 | -27.74 | -32.47 | -36.89 | -32.69 | -37.68 | -42.32 | -25.82 | -31.93 | -37.54 | -23.61 | -31.20 | -38.04 | -32.02 | -36.94 | -41.50 |
| Metformin | -21.19 | -24.23 | -27.15 | -18.29 | -21.52 | -24.61 | -24.16 | -26.46 | -28.70 | -15.44 | -20.35 | -24.97 | -12.22 | -17.05 | -21.62 | -16.27 | -20.50 | -24.51 | -24.30 | -28.11 | -31.74 | -22.54 | -26.75 | -30.73 | -26.82 | -30.23 | -33.48 | -13.89 | -19.28 | -24.33 | -12.43 | -16.84 | -21.02 | -24.73 | -29.57 | -34.10 | -29.10 | -34.39 | -39.29 | -27.51 | -34.04 | -39.99 | -28.14 | -32.70 | -36.97 |
Blood was taken for measurement of CRP. Percent change from baseline at Week 80 was based on log transformed data. This outcome measure was analyzed for a subset of participants in the US and Mexico only. (NCT00386100)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 80
| Intervention | percent change (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Percent change from baseline + SE | Percent change from baseline | Percent change from baseline - SE | |
| Avandamet | 14.28 | -17.96 | -21.49 |
| Metformin | -6.49 | -10.63 | -14.59 |
Blood was taken for measurement of CTX. Percent change from baseline was based on log transformed data. Standard error, SE; Wk, Week; %, percent. This outcome measure was analyzed for a subset of participants in the bone study only. n is the number of evaluable participants, which is the number of participants with a value at baseline and at the specified visit for the parameter of interest. (NCT00386100)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 20, 56, and 80
| Intervention | percent change (Number) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wk80 % change + SE, overall n=69, 62 | Wk80 % change, overall n=69, 62 | Wk80 % change - SE, overall n=79, 62 | Wk56 % change + SE, overall n=68, 62 | Wk56 % change, overall n=68, 62 | Wk56 % change - SE, overall n=68, 62 | Wk20 % change + SE, overall n=61, 56 | Wk20 % change, overall n=61, 56 | Wk20 % change - SE, overall n=61, 56 | Wk80 % change + SE, males n=28, 32 | Wk80 % change, males n=28, 32 | Wk80 % change - SE, males n=28, 32 | Wk56 % change + SE, males n=28, 32 | Wk56 % change, males n=28, 32 | Wk56 % change - SE, males n=28, 32 | Wk20 % change + SE, males n=23, 29 | Wk20 % change, males n=23, 29 | Wk20 % change - SE, males n=23, 29 | Wk80 % change + SE, females n=41, 30 | Wk80 % change, females n=41, 30 | Wk80 % change - SE, females n=41, 30 | Wk56 % change + SE, females n=40, 30 | Wk56 % change, females n=40, 30 | Wk56 % change - SE, females n=40, 30 | Wk20 % change + SE, females n=38, 27 | Wk20 % change, females n=38, 27 | Wk20 % change - SE, females n=38, 27 | Wk80 % change + SE, premenopausal females n=18, 9 | Wk80 % change, premenopausal females n=18, 9 | Wk80 % change - SE, premenopausal females n=18, 9 | Wk56 % change + SE, premenopausal females n=18, 9 | Wk56 % change, premenopausal females n=18, 9 | Wk56 % change - SE, premenopausal females n=18, 9 | Wk20 % change + SE, premenopausal females n=16, 9 | Wk20 % change, premenopausal females n=16, 9 | Wk20 % change - SE, premenopausal females n=16, 9 | Wk80 % change+ SE, postmenopausal females n=23, 21 | Wk80 % change, postmenopausal females n=23, 21 | Wk80% change - SE, postmenopausal females n=23, 21 | Wk56 % change+ SE, postmenopausal females n=22, 21 | Wk56 % change, postmenopausal females n=22, 21 | Wk56% change - SE, postmenopausal females n=22, 21 | Wk20 % change+ SE, postmenopausal females n=22, 18 | Wk20 % change, postmenopausal females n=22, 18 | Wk20% change - SE, postmenopausal females n=22, 18 | |
| Avandamet | -7.5 | -14.0 | -20.1 | 3.7 | -3.2 | -9.6 | -0.8 | -5.9 | -10.7 | -1.8 | -10.9 | -19.1 | 6.5 | -2.2 | -10.2 | 13.2 | 5.8 | -1.1 | -8.2 | -16.9 | -24.8 | 1.2 | -8.0 | -16.4 | -8.3 | -15.3 | -21.7 | 10.9 | -4.7 | -18.1 | 12.6 | 0.8 | -9.8 | -7.8 | -18.9 | -28.8 | -14.3 | -24.4 | -33.4 | 5.1 | -7.4 | -18.4 | -3.2 | -13.6 | -22.8 |
| Metformin | -12.7 | -18.7 | -24.2 | -5.3 | -11.4 | -17.1 | -0.8 | -5.5 | -9.9 | -11.0 | -20.7 | -29.2 | -11.5 | -20.0 | -27.7 | 4.8 | -3.1 | -10.3 | -12.9 | -20.1 | -26.6 | -8.5 | -15.8 | -22.5 | -2.5 | -8.9 | -15.0 | -18.6 | -27.8 | -36.0 | -25.5 | -31.8 | -37.5 | -4.2 | -14.0 | -22.8 | -11.5 | -21.0 | -29.5 | 10.3 | -2.1 | -13.0 | 4.1 | -5.8 | -14.7 |
BMD was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The percent change from baseline in BMD at a given timepoint was defined at the participant level by the following formula: percent change = (BMD at given week minus BMD at baseline)/BMD at baseline x 100. This outcome measure was analyzed for a subset of participants in the bone study only. (NCT00386100)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 20, 56, and 80
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall population, Week 80, n=87, 87 | Overall population, Week 56, n=87, 87 | Overall population, Week 20, n=87, 87 | Male population, Week 80, n=38, 43 | Male population, Week 56, n=38, 43 | Male population, Week 20, n=38, 43 | Female population, Week 80, n=49, 44 | Female population, Week 56, n=49, 44 | Female population, Week 20, n=49, 44 | Premenopausal population, Week 80, n=21, 14 | Premenopausal population, Week 56, n=21, 14 | Premenopausal population, Week 20, n=21, 14 | Postmenopausal population, Week 80, n=28, 30 | Postmenopausal population, Week 56, n=28, 30 | Postmenopausal population, Week 20, n=28, 30 | |
| Avandamet | -0.1 | 0.5 | 0.9 | -0.6 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 1.1 | -0.3 | -0.6 | 0.7 | -0.2 | 0.8 | 1.3 |
| Metformin | 0.3 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 2.2 | 2.6 | -0.5 | -0.3 | 0.5 |
Blood was taken for measurement of estradiol. Percent change from baseline was based on log transformed data. Standard error, SE; Wk, Week; %, percent. This outcome measure was analyzed for a subset of female participants in the bone study only. n is the number of evaluable participants, which is the number of female participants with a value at baseline and at the specified visit for the parameter of interest. (NCT00386100)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 20, 56, and 80
| Intervention | percent change (Number) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wk80 % change + SE, females n= 30, 22 | Wk80 % change, females n=30, 22 | Wk 80 % change - SE, females n= 30, 22 | Wk56 % change + SE, females n= 27, 21 | Wk56 % change, females n=27, 21 | Wk 56 % change - SE, females n= 27, 21 | Wk20 % change + SE, females n= 36, 25 | Wk20 % change, females n=36, 25 | Wk 20 % change - SE, females n= 36, 25 | Wk80 % change + SE, premenopausal females n=13, 9 | Wk80 % change, premenopausal females n= 13, 9 | Wk80 % change - SE, premenopausal females n=13, 9 | Wk56 % change + SE, premenopausal females n=12, 8 | Wk56 % change, premenopausal females n= 12, 8 | Wk56 % change - SE, premenopausal females n=12, 8 | Wk20 % change + SE, premenopausal females n=15, 10 | Wk20 % change, premenopausal females n=15, 10 | Wk20 % change - SE, premenopausal females n=15, 10 | Wk80 % change+ SE, postmenopausal females n=17, 13 | Wk80 % change, postmenopausal females n=17, 13 | Wk80% change - SE, postmenopausal females n=17, 13 | Wk56 % change+ SE, postmenopausal females n=15, 13 | Wk56 % change, postmenopausal females n=15, 13 | Wk56% change - SE, postmenopausal females n=15, 13 | Wk20 % change+ SE, postmenopausal females n=21, 15 | Wk20 % change, postmenopausal females n=21, 15 | Wk20% change - SE, postmenopausal females n=21, 15 | |
| Avandamet | 0.097 | -15.441 | -28.567 | 10.268 | -2.439 | -13.682 | 14.875 | -0.646 | -14.875 | 67.328 | 7.667 | -30.722 | 19.557 | -11.431 | -34.386 | 8.866 | -3.005 | -13.581 | -25.501 | -31.754 | -37.482 | -18.475 | -25.372 | -31.686 | 16.140 | -5.061 | -22.391 |
| Metformin | -8.695 | -21.360 | -32.268 | 12.015 | -0.815 | -12.175 | 7.863 | -5.097 | -16.500 | 25.386 | -17.314 | -45.472 | 35.708 | 1.677 | -23.820 | 5.738 | -3.721 | -12.334 | -27.303 | -33.045 | -38.334 | -25.758 | -32.766 | -39.113 | 3.432 | -12.870 | -26.603 |
BMD was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The percent change from baseline in BMD at a given timepoint was defined at the participant level by the following formula: percent change = (BMD at given week minus BMD at baseline)/BMD at baseline x 100. This outcome measure was analyzed for a subset of participants in the bone study only. (NCT00386100)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 20, 56, and 80
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall population, Week 80, n=87, 87 | Overall population, Week 56, n=87, 87 | Overall population, Week 20, n=87, 87 | Male population, Week 80, n=38, 43 | Male population, Week 56, n=38, 43 | Male population, Week 20, n=38, 43 | Female population, Week 80, n=49, 44 | Female population, Week 56, n=49, 44 | Female population, Week 20, n=49, 44 | Premenopausal population, Week 80, n=21, 14 | Premenopausal population, Week 56, n=21, 14 | Premenopausal population, Week 20, n=21, 14 | Postmenopausal population, Week 80, n=28, 30 | Postmenopausal population, Week 56, n=28, 30 | Postmenopausal population, Week 20, n=28, 30 | |
| Avandamet | -1.4 | -0.8 | -0.2 | -2.2 | -1.3 | -0.7 | -1.2 | -0.5 | -0.2 | -0.3 | -0.4 | -0.3 | -2.1 | -0.7 | -0.4 |
| Metformin | -0.7 | -0.7 | -0.1 | -1.4 | -0.7 | -0.4 | -0.3 | -0.6 | -0.4 | 0.9 | -0.1 | 0.9 | -1.3 | -1.2 | -1.1 |
Blood was taken for measurement of homeostasis model assessment for insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S) and beta-cell function (HOMA-B). Percent change from baseline at Week 80 was based on log transformed data. This outcome measure was analyzed for a subset of participants in the US and Mexico only. GM, geometric mean; SE, standard error. (NCT00386100)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 80
| Intervention | percent change (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percent change HOMA-B + SE | Percent change HOMA-B | Percent change HOMA-B - SE | Percent change HOMA-S + SE | Percent change HOMA-S | Percent change HOMA-S - SE | |
| Avandamet | 92.32 | 83.14 | 74.39 | 63.67 | 55.58 | 47.91 |
| Metformin | 88.25 | 78.85 | 69.92 | 25.13 | 18.65 | 12.49 |
Blood was taken for measurement of intact parathyroid hormone. Percent change from baseline was based on log transformed data. Standard error, SE; Wk, Week; %, percent. This outcome measure was analyzed for a subset of participants in the bone study only. n is the number of evaluable participants, which is the number of participants with a value at baseline and at the specified visit for the parameter of interest. (NCT00386100)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 80
| Intervention | percent change (Number) | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wk80 % change + SE, overall n= 45, 38 | Wk80 % change, overall n=45, 38 | Wk80 % change - SE, overall n= 45, 38 | Wk80 % change + SE, males n=16, 21 | Wk80 % change, males n= 16, 21 | Wk80 % change - SE, males n=16, 21 | Wk80 % change + SE, females n= 30, 22 | Wk80 % change, females n=30, 22 | Wk 80 % change - SE, females n= 30, 22 | Wk80 % change + SE, premenopausal females n=13, 7 | Wk80 % change, premenopausal females n= 13, 7 | Wk80 % change - SE, premenopausal females n=13, 7 | Wk80 % change+ SE, postmenopausal females n=16, 10 | Wk80 % change, postmenopausal females n=16, 10 | Wk80% change - SE, postmenopausal females n=16, 10 | |
| Avandamet | 0.843 | -6.279 | -12.898 | -2.619 | -8.941 | -14.852 | 11.166 | -1.759 | -13.182 | 24.396 | -0.126 | -20.160 | 8.297 | -9.170 | -23.807 |
| Metformin | -1.296 | -7.634 | -13.565 | -1.160 | -9.238 | -16.655 | 4.662 | -4.608 | -13.056 | 14.295 | -7.686 | -25.440 | 3.017 | -12.109 | -25.014 |
BMD was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The percent change from baseline in BMD at a given timepoint was defined at the participant level by the following formula: percent change = (BMD at given week minus BMD at baseline)/BMD at baseline x 100%. This outcome measure was analyzed for a subset of participants in the bone study only. (NCT00386100)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 20, 56, and 80
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall population, Week 80, n=87, 87 | Overall population, Week 56, n=87, 87 | Overall population, Week 20, n=87, 87 | Male population, Week 80, n=38, 43 | Male population, Week 56, n=38, 43 | Male population, Week 20, n=38, 43 | Female population, Week 80, n=49, 44 | Female population, Week 56, n=49, 44 | Female population, Week 20, n=49, 44 | Premenopausal population, Week 80, n=21, 14 | Premenopausal population, Week 56, n=21, 14 | Premenopausal population, Week 20, n=21, 14 | Postmenopausal population, Week 80, n=28, 30 | Postmenopausal population, Week 56, n=28, 30 | Postmenopausal population, Week 20, n=28, 30 | |
| Avandamet | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.7 | -0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 1.2 | -0.7 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0 | -0.1 | -1.1 |
| Metformin | -2.1 | -1.4 | -0.5 | -0.7 | -0.2 | -0.1 | -2.7 | -2.0 | -0.9 | -2.4 | -0.8 | 0.2 | -3.3 | -2.7 | -1.4 |
Blood was taken for measurement of P1NP. Percent change from baseline was based on log transformed data. Standard error, SE; Wk, Week; %, percent. This outcome measure was analyzed for a subset of participants in the bone study only. n is the number of evaluable participants, which is the number of participants with a value at baseline and at the specified visit for the parameter of interest. (NCT00386100)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 20, 56, and 80
| Intervention | percent change (Number) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wk80 % change + SE, overall n= 72, 64 | Wk80 % change, overall n=72, 64 | Wk80 % change - SE, overall n=72, 64 | Wk56 % change + SE, overall n=72, 64 | Wk56 % change, overall n=72, 64 | Wk56 % change - SE, overall n=72, 64 | Wk20 % change + SE, overall n=66, 59 | Wk20 % change, overall n=66, 59 | Wk20 % change - SE, overall n=66, 59 | Wk80 % change + SE, males n=30, 32 | Wk80 % change, males n=30, 32 | Wk80 % change - SE, males n=30, 32 | Wk56 % change + SE, males n=30, 32 | Wk56 % change, males n=30, 32 | Wk56 % change - SE, males n=30, 32 | Wk20 % change + SE, males n=26, 29 | Wk20 % change, males n=26, 29 | Wk20 % change - SE, males n=26, 29 | Wk80 % change + SE, females n=42, 32 | Wk80 % change, females n=42, 32 | Wk80 % change - SE, females n=42, 32 | Wk56 % change + SE, females n=42, 32 | Wk56 % change, females n=42, 32 | Wk56 % change - SE, females n=42, 32 | Wk20 % change + SE, females n=40, 30 | Wk20 % change, females n=40, 30 | Wk20 % change - SE, females n=40, 30 | Wk80 % change + SE, premenopausal females n=19, 10 | Wk80 % change, premenopausal females n=19, 10 | Wk80 % change - SE, premenopausal females n=19, 10 | Wk56 % change + SE, premenopausal females n=19, 10 | Wk56 % change, premenopausal females n=19, 10 | Wk56 % change - SE, premenopausal females n=19, 10 | Wk20 % change + SE, premenopausal females n=17, 10 | Wk20 % change, premenopausal females n=17, 10 | Wk20 % change - SE, premenopausal females n=17, 10 | Wk80 % change+ SE, postmenopausal females n=23, 22 | Wk80 % change, postmenopausal females n=23, 22 | Wk80% change - SE, postmenopausal females n=23, 22 | Wk56 % change+ SE, postmenopausal females n=23, 22 | Wk56 % change, postmenopausal females n=23, 22 | Wk56% change - SE, postmenopausal females n=22, 22 | Wk20 % change+ SE, postmenopausal females n=23, 20 | Wk20 % change, postmenopausal females n=23, 20 | Wk20% change - SE, postmenopausal females n=23, 20 | |
| Avandamet | -20.7 | -24.3 | -27.8 | -26.6 | -30.0 | -33.3 | -31.6 | -34.6 | -37.5 | -18.2 | -23.4 | -28.2 | -23.0 | -27.6 | -31.9 | -24.7 | -29.5 | -33.9 | -19.2 | -24.4 | -29.3 | -27.0 | -32.0 | -36.6 | -31.6 | -36.6 | -41.2 | -11.0 | -20.1 | -28.3 | -23.4 | -30.9 | -37.6 | -29.0 | -36.5 | -43.1 | -27.6 | -33.8 | -39.4 | -35.2 | -41.4 | -47.0 | -34.0 | -40.9 | -47.1 |
| Metformin | -18.4 | -22.0 | -25.5 | -23.5 | -26.9 | -30.2 | -24.0 | -27.0 | -30.0 | -18.5 | -24.1 | -29.4 | -22.7 | -27.7 | -32.4 | -20.2 | -25.4 | -30.3 | -19.3 | -23.8 | -28.2 | -28.6 | -32.8 | -36.9 | -25.2 | -30.0 | -34.5 | -16.9 | -23.6 | -29.7 | -25.3 | -31.0 | -36.2 | -24.6 | -31.4 | -37.7 | -22.5 | -28.4 | -33.8 | -32.1 | -37.9 | -43.2 | -25.2 | -31.9 | -38.0 |
Blood was taken for measurement of serum calcium. Percent change from baseline was based on log transformed data. Geometric mean, GM; standard error, SE. This outcome measure was analyzed for a subset of participants in the bone study only. n is the number of evaluable participants, which is the number of participants with a value at baseline and at the specified visit for the parameter of interest. (NCT00386100)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 32, 56, and 80
| Intervention | percent change (Number) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wk80 % change + SE, overall n= 79, 79 | Wk80 % change, overall n=79, 79 | Wk80 % change - SE, overall n= 79, 79 | Wk56 % change + SE, overall n= 79, 79 | Wk56 % change, overall n= 79, 79 | Wk56 % change - SE, overall n 79, 79 | Wk32 % change + SE, overall n=78, 77 | Wk32 % change, overall n= 78, 77 | Wk32 % change - SE, overall n 78, 79 | Wk12 % change + SE, overall n=81, 78 | Wk12 % change, overall n= 81, 78 | Wk12 % change - SE, overall n 81, 78 | Wk80 % change + SE, males n=34, 39 | Wk80 % change, males n= 34, 39 | Wk80 % change - SE, males n 34, 39 | Wk56 % change + SE, males n=34, 39 | Wk56 % change, males n= 34, 39 | Wk56 % change - SE, males n 34, 39 | Wk32 % change + SE, males n=33, 39 | Wk32 % change, males n= 33, 39 | Wk32 % change - SE, males n 33,39 | Wk12 % change + SE, males n=37, 40 | Wk12 % change, males n= 37, 40 | Wk12 % change - SE, males n 37, 40 | Wk80 % change + SE, females n= 45, 40 | Wk80 % change, females n=45, 40 | Wk80 % change - SE, females n= 45, 40 | Wk56 % change + SE, females n= 45, 40 | Wk56 % change, females n=45, 40 | Wk56 % change - SE, females n= 45, 40 | Wk32 % change + SE, females n= 45, 38 | Wk32 % change, females n=45, 38 | Wk32 % change - SE, females n= 45, 38 | Wk12 % change + SE, females n= 44, 38 | Wk12 % change, females n=44, 38 | Wk12 % change - SE, females n= 44, 38 | Wk80 % change + SE, premenopausal females n=19, 14 | Wk80 % change, premenopausal females n= 19, 14 | Wk80 % change - SE, premenopausal females n 19, 14 | Wk56 % change + SE, premenopausal females n=19, 14 | Wk56 % change, premenopausal females n= 19, 14 | Wk56 % change - SE, premenopausal females n 19, 14 | Wk32 % change + SE, premenopausal females n=19, 13 | Wk32 % change, premenopausal females n= 19, 13 | Wk32 % change - SE, premenopausal females n 19, 13 | Wk12 % change + SE, premenopausal females n=19, 13 | Wk12 % change, premenopausal females n= 19, 13 | Wk12 % change - SE, premenopausal females n 19, 13 | Wk80 % change+ SE, postmenopausal females n=26, 26 | Wk80 % change, postmenopausal females n=26, 26 | Wk80% change - SE, postmenopausal females n=26, 26 | Wk56 % change+ SE, postmenopausal females n=26, 26 | Wk56 % change, postmenopausal females n=26, 26 | Wk56% change - SE, postmenopausal females n=26, 26 | Wk32 % change+ SE, postmenopausal females n=26, 25 | Wk32 % change, postmenopausal females n=26, 25 | Wk32% change - SE, postmenopausal females n=26, 25 | Wk12 % change+ SE, postmenopausal females n=25, 25 | Wk12 % change, postmenopausal females n=25, 25 | Wk12% change - SE, postmenopausal females n=25, 25 | |
| Avandamet | 1.104 | 0.592 | 0.083 | 1.313 | 0.735 | 0.160 | -0.735 | -1.204 | -1.607 | -0.315 | -0.767 | -1.216 | 1.551 | 0.817 | 0.877 | 1.092 | 0.498 | -0.094 | -0.585 | -1.254 | -1.919 | 0.543 | -0.147 | -0.833 | 1.049 | 0.279 | -0.484 | 1.884 | 0.911 | -0.053 | -0.653 | -1.293 | -1.930 | -0.425 | -1.081 | -1.733 | 0.704 | -0.111 | -0.918 | 2.334 | 1.298 | 0.273 | -0.650 | -1.679 | -2.698 | -0.218 | -1.280 | -2.330 | 1.915 | 0.604 | -0.690 | 2.691 | 0.993 | -0.677 | -0.535 | -1.360 | -2.178 | -1.163 | -2.074 | -2.976 |
| Metformin | 0.929 | 0.424 | -0.079 | 1.098 | 0.527 | -0.040 | 0.136 | -0.316 | -0.766 | 0.568 | 0.123 | -0.320 | 0.8777 | 0.071 | -0.728 | 1.304 | 0.646 | -0.009 | -0.538 | -1.281 | -2.019 | 1.410 | 0.656 | -0.091 | 1.508 | 0.735 | -0.033 | 1.692 | 0.720 | -0.242 | 0.637 | 0.038 | -0.557 | 0.715 | 0.055 | -0.600 | 1.429 | 0.531 | -0.359 | 2.091 | 0.960 | -0.159 | 1.074 | 0.070 | -0.923 | 0.420 | -0.657 | -1.722 | 2.019 | 0.760 | -0.484 | 2.181 | 0.560 | -1.035 | 0.844 | 0.056 | -0.726 | 0.844 | -0.042 | -0.921 |
BMD was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The percent change from baseline in BMD at a given timepoint was defined at the participant level by the following formula: percent change = (BMD at given week minus BMD at baseline)/BMD at baseline x 100. This outcome measure was analyzed for a subset of participants in the bone study only. (NCT00386100)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 20, 56, and 80
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall population, Week 80, n=87, 87 | Overall population, Week 56, n=87, 87 | Overall population, Week 20, n=87, 87 | Male population, Week 80, n=38, 43 | Male population, Week 56, n=38, 43 | Male population, Week 20, n=38, 43 | Female population, Week 80, n=49, 44 | Female population, Week 56, n=49, 44 | Female population, Week 20, n=49, 44 | Premenopausal population, Week 80, n=21, 14 | Premenopausal population, Week 56, n=21, 14 | Premenopausal population, Week 20, n=21, 14 | Postmenopausal population, Week 80, n=28, 30 | Postmenopausal population, Week 56, n=28, 30 | Postmenopausal population, Week 20, n=28, 30 | |
| Avandamet | 1.1 | -0.1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0.5 | -0.2 | -1.0 | 0.3 | -0.4 | -0.6 | 0.1 |
| Metformin | 1.1 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 2.0 | 1.9 | -0.2 | 5.3 | 5.2 | -0.2 | 0.2 | -0.2 | -0.2 |
Blood was taken for measurement of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. Percent change from baseline at Week 80 was based on log transformed data. Geometric mean, GM; standard error, SE. n is the number of evaluable participants, which is the number of participants with a value at baseline and at the specified visit for the parameter of interest. (NCT00386100)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 80
| Intervention | percent change (Number) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % change + SE, Total cholesterol, n=258, 265 | % change, Total cholesterol, n=258, 265 | % change - SE, Total cholesterol, n=258, 265 | % change + SE, LDL cholesterol, n=248, 252 | % change, LDL cholesterol, n=248, 252 | % change - SE, LDL cholesterol, n=248, 252 | % change + SE, HDL cholesterol, n=258, 265 | % change, HDL cholesterol, n=258, 265 | % change - SE, HDL cholesterol, n=258, 265 | % change + SE, triglycerides, n=258, 265 | % change, triglycerides, n=258, 265 | % change - SE, triglycerides, n=258, 265 | |
| Avandamet | 4.218 | 2.91 | 1.614 | 3.304 | 0.98 | -1.286 | 9.483 | 8.324 | 7.179 | -2.042 | -4.627 | -7.143 |
| Metformin | -1.615 | -2.89 | -4.140 | -4.933 | -7.11 | -9.228 | 6.761 | 5.60 | 4.453 | -2.696 | -5.330 | -7.893 |
BMD was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The percent change from baseline in BMD at a given timepoint was defined at the participant level by the following formula: percent change = (BMD at given week minus BMD at baseline)/BMD at baseline x 100. This outcome measure was analyzed for a subset of participants in the bone study only. (NCT00386100)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 20, 56, and 80
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall population, Week 80, n=87, 87 | Overall population, Week 56, n=87, 87 | Overall population, Week 20, n=87, 87 | Male population, Week 80, n=38, 43 | Male population, Week 56, n=38, 43 | Male population, Week 20, n=38, 43 | Female population, Week 80, n=49, 44 | Female population, Week 56, n=49, 44 | Female population, Week 20, n=49, 44 | Premenopausal population, Week 80, n=21, 14 | Premenopausal population, Week 56, n=21, 14 | Premenopausal population, Week 20, n=21, 14 | Postmenopausal population, Week 80, n=28, 30 | Postmenopausal population, Week 56, n=28, 30 | Postmenopausal population, Week 20, n=28, 30 | |
| Avandamet | -1.5 | -1.2 | -0.4 | -1.0 | -0.8 | -0.3 | -1.8 | -1.4 | -0.6 | -0.9 | -1.6 | 0.0 | -2.3 | -1.5 | -0.6 |
| Metformin | 0.0 | -0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.0 | -0.2 | -0.3 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.3 | -0.9 | -1.1 | -0.4 |
BMD was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The percent change from baseline in BMD at a given timepoint was defined at the participant level by the following formula: percent change = (BMD at given week minus BMD at baseline)/BMD at baseline x 100. This outcome measure was analyzed for a subset of participants in the bone study only. (NCT00386100)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 20, 56, and 80
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall population, Week 80, n=87, 87 | Overall population, Week 56, n=87, 87 | Overall population, Week 20, n=87, 87 | Male population, Week 80, n=38, 43 | Male population, Week 56, n=38, 43 | Male population, Week 20, n=38, 43 | Female population, Week 80, n=49, 44 | Female population, Week 56, n=49, 44 | Female population, Week 20, n=49, 44 | Premenopausal population, Week 80, n=21, 14 | Premenopausal population, Week 56, n=21, 14 | Premenopausal population, Week 20, n=21, 14 | Postmenopausal population, Week 80, n=28, 30 | Postmenopausal population, Week 56, n=28, 30 | Postmenopausal population, Week 20, n=28, 30 | |
| Avandamet | -2.1 | -1.7 | -0.6 | -0.4 | -0.5 | -0.2 | -2.6 | -2.1 | -0.8 | -1.4 | -2.6 | 0.0 | -3.6 | -2.2 | -1.0 |
| Metformin | -0.1 | -0.2 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.7 | -0.2 | -0.3 | -0.2 | 1.7 | 0.3 | 0.0 | -1.1 | -1.1 | -0.3 |
Blood was taken for measurement of FFA. Percent change from baseline at Week 80 was based on log transformed data. This outcome measure was analyzed for a subset of participants in the US and Mexico only. (NCT00386100)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 80
| Intervention | percent change (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Percent change from baseline + SE | Percent change from baseline | Percent change from baseline - SE | |
| Avandamet | 1.267 | -2.97 | -7.028 |
| Metformin | 14.353 | 9.40 | 4.657 |
"Rescue was defined as meeting 1 of the following criteria, confirmed by a 2nd sample drawn within 7 days after the first sample and analyzed by the central laboratory:~After more than 2 weeks of treatment but prior to the Week 4 Visit: A single fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥275 mg/dL;~From the Week 4 Visit but prior to the Week 8 Visit: A single FPG ≥250 mg/dL;~From the Week 8 Visit but prior to the Week 12 Visit: A single FPG ≥225 mg/dL;~From the Week 12 Visit through the End-of-Treatment Visit: HbA1c ≥8.5% AND ≤0.5% reduction in HbA1c as compared with the baseline HbA1c." (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 10.9 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 21.7 |
Marked Hyperglycemia is defined as fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL (11.10 mmol/L). (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 27.3 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 36.1 |
Change from Baseline in adiponectin was assessed at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline adiponectin as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | μg/mL (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=355, 361) | Week 26 (n=366, 371) | Week 42 (n=367, 371) | Week 52 (n=367, 371) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 1.15 | 1.17 | -0.41 | -0.70 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 2.97 | 4.19 | 3.04 | 2.21 |
Change from Baseline in Apolipoprotein A1 was assessed at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline apolipoprotein A1 as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=348, 355) | Week 26 (n=359, 363) | Week 42 (n=360, 363) | Week 52 (n=360, 363) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 0.5 | 0.1 | -2.1 | -4.5 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 0.0 | -0.9 | -2.2 | -4.4 |
Change from Baseline in Apolipoprotein A2 was assessed at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline apolipoprotein A2 as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=348, 355) | Week 26 (n=359, 363) | Week 42 (n=360, 363) | Week 52 (n=360, 363) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -0.4 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 0.6 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 1.0 |
Change from Baseline in Apolipoprotein B was assessed at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline apolipoprotein B as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 12 [N=348, 355] | Week 26 [N=359, 363] | Week 42 [N=360, 363] | Week 52 [N=360, 363] | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -3.1 | -0.6 | -0.4 | -1.2 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 0.1 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 1.7 |
Change from Baseline in Apolipoprotein C-III was assessed at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline apolipoprotein C-III as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=352, 361) | Week 26 (n=365, 369) | Week 42 (n=366, 369) | Week 52 (n=366, 369) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -0.6 | -0.1 | -0.3 | -0.5 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.0 |
Change from Baseline in body weight was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline body weight as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=354, 344) | Week 8 (n=394, 394 | Week 12 (n=395, 394) | Week 26 (n=395, 394) | Week 42 (n=395, 394) | Week 52 (n=395, 394) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 0.18 | 0.31 | 0.35 | 0.73 | 1.09 | 1.10 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 0.32 | 0.51 | 0.64 | 0.97 | 1.52 | 1.60 |
C-peptide is a byproduct created when the hormone insulin is produced and is measured by a blood test. Change from Baseline was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 26, 34, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline fasting C-peptide as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 26, 34, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=349, 333) | Week 8 (n=393, 389) | Week 12 (n=394, 390) | Week 16 (n=395, 390) | Week 20 (n=395, 390) | Week 26 (n=395, 390) | Week 34 (n=395, 390) | Week 42 (n=395, 390) | Week 52 (n=395, 390) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 0.110 | 0.074 | 0.070 | 0.064 | 0.104 | 0.102 | 0.118 | 0.140 | 0.182 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | -0.033 | -0.038 | 0.030 | 0.010 | -0.001 | -0.013 | 0.003 | 0.037 | 0.108 |
"The Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) estimates steady state beta cell function (%B) as a percentage of a normal reference population.~HOMA %B = 20 * insulin (µIU/mL) / fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) - 3.5~The change from Baseline in the homeostasis model assessment of beta cell function was assessed at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HOMA beta cell function as covariates." (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | percentage beta cell function (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=380, 377) | Week 26 (n=381, 377) | Week 42 (n=381, 377) | Week 52 (n=381, 377) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 14.770 | 30.012 | 15.397 | 15.020 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 4.580 | 3.242 | 2.400 | 2.057 |
"The Homeostasis Model Assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA IR) measures insulin resistance based on fasting glucose and insulin measurements:~HOMA IR = fasting plasma insulin (µIU/mL) * fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) / 22.5~A higher number indicates a greater degree of insulin resistance. The change from Baseline in HOMA IR was assessed at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HOMA insulin resistance as covariates." (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | insulin resistance (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=380, 378) | Week 26 (n=381, 378) | Week 42 (n=381, 378) | Week 52 (n=381, 378) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 0.007 | 0.336 | 0.200 | 0.353 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 0.350 | 0.312 | 0.431 | 0.541 |
The change from Baseline in fasting insulin was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 26, 34, 42 and 52. Least Squares Means were from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline fasting insulin as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 26, 34, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | μIU/mL (Least Squares Mean) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=344, 328) | Week 8 (n=382, 378) | Week 12 (n=382, 378) | Week 16 (n=383, 378) | Week 20 (n=383, 378) | Week 26 (n=383, 378) | Week 34 (n=383, 378) | Week 42 (n=383, 378) | Week 52 (n=383, 378) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 0.53 | 0.72 | 1.21 | 1.19 | 1.60 | 1.94 | 1.41 | 1.79 | 1.91 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | -0.54 | 0.05 | 1.22 | 0.56 | 0.38 | 0.88 | 0.83 | 1.10 | 1.18 |
The change from Baseline in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was assessed at Weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 26, 34, 42 and 52. Least Squares Means were from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline FPG as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 26, 34, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 2 (n=360, 345) | Week 4 (n=397, 394) | Week 8 (n=399, 396) | Week 12 (n=399, 396) | Week 16 (n=399, 396) | Week 20 (n=399, 396) | Week 26 (n=399, 396) | Week 34 (n=399, 396) | Week 42 (n=399, 396) | Week 52 (n=399, 396) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -15.5 | -17.7 | -19.1 | -19.6 | -18.0 | -16.4 | -17.1 | -13.6 | -15.9 | -14.6 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | -0.5 | -1.4 | -5.7 | -4.8 | -4.5 | -5.8 | -4.9 | -6.2 | -4.9 | -3.7 |
Proinsulin is a precursor to insulin, and was measured as an indicator of pancreatic function. The change from Baseline in fasting proinsulin was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 26, 34, 42 and 52. Least Squares Means were from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline fasting proinsulin as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 26, 34, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=342, 325) | Week 8 (n=380, 376) | Week 12 (n=380, 376) | Week 16 (n=381, 376) | Week 20 (n=381, 376) | Week 26 (n=381, 376) | Week 34 (n=381, 376) | Week 42 (n=381, 376) | Week 52 (n=381, 376) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -2.0 | -2.3 | -1.3 | -0.2 | -0.5 | 0.6 | 0.9 | -0.1 | -0.5 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | -0.8 | -0.5 | 1.6 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.1 | 1.2 |
Change from Baseline in free fatty acids was assessed at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline free fatty acids as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42, and 52.
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=355, 360) | Week 26 (n=366, 368) | Week 42 (n=367, 368) | Week 52 (n=367, 368) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -0.0526 | -0.0364 | -0.0243 | -0.0294 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | -0.0332 | -0.0162 | -0.0222 | 0.0019 |
The change from Baseline to Week 26 and Week 52 in HbA1c (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound). (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 26 and 52.
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Change from Baseline at Week 26 | Change from Baseline at Week 52 | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -0.89 | -0.70 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | -0.42 | -0.29 |
The change from Baseline in HbA1c (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) during the study. Least Squares Means were from an Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) model with treatment, study schedule, and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HbA1c as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 34 and 42.
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change from Baseline at Week 4 (n=276, 277) | Change from Baseline at Week 8 (n=303, 306) | Change from Baseline at Week 12 (n=303, 306) | Change from Baseline at Week 16 (n=303, 306) | Change from Baseline at Week 20 (n=303, 306) | Change from Baseline at Week 34 (n=303, 306) | Change from Baseline at Week 42 (n=303, 306) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -0.42 | -0.71 | -0.85 | -0.91 | -0.91 | -0.82 | -0.80 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | -0.15 | -0.27 | -0.35 | -0.43 | -0.45 | -0.37 | -0.36 |
The change from Baseline in levels of total, large, medium and small HDL particles was assessed by NMR fractionation at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HDL particles as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | μmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Particles - Week 12 (n=357, 361) | Total Particles - Week 26 (n=367, 368) | Total Particles - Week 42 (n=367, 369) | Total Particles - Week 52 (n=367, 369) | Large Particles - Week 12 (n=357, 361) | Large Particles - Week 26 (n=367, 368) | Large Particles - Week 42 (n=367, 369) | Large Particles - Week 52 (n=367, 369) | Medium Particles - Week 12 (n=357, 361) | Medium Particles - Week 26 (n=367, 368) | Medium Particles - Week 42 (n=367, 369) | Medium Particles - Week 52 (n=367, 369) | Small Particles - Week 12 (n=357, 361) | Small Particles - Week 26 (n=367, 368) | Small Particles - Week 42 (n=367, 369) | Small Particles - Week 52 (n=367, 369) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -0.18 | 0.37 | 0.09 | 0.38 | 0.08 | 0.19 | 0.06 | 0.19 | 0.10 | 0.71 | 0.57 | 0.66 | -0.38 | -0.53 | -0.54 | -0.47 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | -0.14 | 0.03 | -0.11 | 0.02 | 0.35 | 0.53 | 0.51 | 0.57 | 0.43 | 0.90 | 0.70 | 0.96 | -0.92 | -1.39 | -1.31 | -1.49 |
Change from Baseline in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 26, 34, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HDL cholesterol as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 26, 34, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=397, 392) | Week 8 (n=399, 395) | Week 12 (n=399, 395) | Week 16 (n=399, 395) | Week 20 (n=399, 395) | Week 26 (n=399, 395) | Week 34 (n=399, 395) | Week 42 (n=399, 395) | Week 52 (n=395, 395) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -0.7 | -0.8 | -0.2 | -0.5 | -0.2 | 0.0 | -0.6 | -0.3 | -0.3 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 0.4 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.3 |
Change from Baseline in high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) was assessed at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline hsCRP as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | mg/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=357, 366) | Week 26 (n=366, 373) | Week 42 (n=367, 373) | Week 52 (n=367, 373) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 0.2989 | -0.0632 | 0.7251 | 0.5875 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 0.7049 | 0.9706 | 0.6443 | 1.4085 |
The change from Baseline in levels of IDL particles was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline IDL particles as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=357, 361) | Week 26 (n=367, 368) | Week 42 (n=367, 369) | Week 52 (n=367, 369) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -4.9 | -4.1 | -5.6 | -4.5 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 3.2 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 3.2 |
The change from Baseline in levels of total, large, medium-small, total small and very small LDL particles was assessed by NMR fractionation at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline LDL particles as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Particles - Week 12 (n=357, 361) | Total Particles - Week 26 (n=367, 368) | Total Particles - Week 42 (n=367, 369) | Total Particles - Week 52 (n=367, 369) | Large Particles - Week 12 (n=357, 361) | Large Particles - Week 26 (n=367, 368) | Large Particles - Week 42 (n=367, 369) | Large Particles - Week 52 (n=367, 369) | Medium-small Particles - Week 12 (n=357, 361) | Medium-small Particles - Week 26 (n=367, 368) | Medium-small Particles - Week 42 (n=367, 369) | Medium-small Particles - Week 52 (n=367, 369) | Total Small Particles - Week 12 (n=357, 361) | Total Small Particles - Week 26 (n=367, 368) | Total Small Particles - Week 42 (n=367, 369) | Total Small Particles - Week 52 (n=367, 369) | Very Small Particles - Week 12 (n=357, 361) | Very Small Particles - Week 26 (n=367, 368) | Very Small Particles - Week 42 (n=367, 369) | Very Small Particles - Week 52 (n=367, 369) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -46.9 | -14.0 | -11.7 | -13.0 | -4.4 | 1.1 | -20.8 | -19.2 | -7.0 | -0.7 | 4.1 | 2.4 | -37.6 | -10.9 | 15.0 | 10.9 | -30.6 | -10.1 | 11.0 | 8.6 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | -22.3 | -8.2 | -10.7 | -2.7 | -5.0 | 8.8 | 0.0 | -2.4 | -0.3 | -0.7 | 1.8 | 1.2 | -20.8 | -18.2 | -13.0 | -3.5 | -20.6 | -17.5 | -14.9 | -4.8 |
Change from Baseline in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 26, 34, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline LDL cholesterol as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 26, 34, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=388, 383) | Week 8 (n=390, 386) | Week 12 (n=390, 386) | Week 16 (n=390, 386) | Week 20 (n=390, 386) | Week 26 (n=390, 386) | Week 34 (n=390, 386) | Week 42 (n=390, 386) | Week 52 (n=390, 386) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -2.4 | -0.6 | -1.2 | -1.7 | -2.0 | -0.6 | -1.9 | -1.6 | -1.9 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 0.0 | 2.1 | 1.4 | -0.1 | 0.1 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 1.0 |
Change from Baseline in mean HDL particle size was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline mean HDL particle size as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | nm (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=357, 361) | Week 26 (n=367, 368) | Week 42 (n=367, 369) | Week 52 (n=367, 369) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.08 |
Change from Baseline in mean LDL particle size was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline mean LDL particle size as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | nm (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=357, 361) | Week 26 (n=367, 368) | Week 42 (n=367, 369) | Week 52 (n=367, 369) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 0.05 | 0.03 | -0.02 | -0.04 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.03 |
Change from Baseline in mean VLDL particle size was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline mean VLDL particle size as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | nm (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=355, 361) | Week 26 (n=365, 368) | Week 42 (n=365, 369) | Week 52 (n=365, 369) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -0.67 | 0.11 | 0.44 | -0.12 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | -0.79 | -0.87 | -0.79 | -1.04 |
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) lipid fractionation was used to assess the change from Baseline in total triglyceride levels at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR triglycerides as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=357, 361) | Week 26 (n=367, 368) | Week 42 (n=367, 369) | Week 52 (n=367, 369) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -8.7 | -1.7 | -6.4 | -6.9 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.7 | -0.7 |
Change from Baseline in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) was assessed at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline PAI-1 as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | ng/ml (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=322, 330) | Week 26 (n=342, 343) | Week 42 (n=346, 344) | Week 52 (n=346, 344) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -3.23 | -2.83 | -2.08 | -2.92 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | -3.59 | -3.63 | -4.89 | -4.70 |
The ratio of proinsulin to insulin was calculated as proinsulin (pmol/L) / insulin (μIU/mL) at weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 26, 34, 42 and 52 relative to the Baseline value. Least squares means were from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline fasting proinsulin/insulin ratio as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 26, 34, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=341, 325) | Week 8 (n=380, 375) | Week 12 (n=380, 375) | Week 16 (n=381, 375) | Week 20 (n=381, 375) | Week 26 (n=381, 375) | Week 34 (n=381, 375) | Week 42 (n=381, 375) | Week 52 (n=381, 375) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -0.046 | -0.049 | -0.053 | -0.044 | -0.037 | -0.036 | -0.038 | -0.047 | -0.048 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | -0.005 | -0.001 | 0.004 | 0.002 | -0.004 | -0.015 | -0.004 | -0.010 | -0.007 |
Change from Baseline in total cholesterol was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 26, 34, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline total cholesterol as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 26, 34, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=397, 393) | Week 8 (n=399, 395) | Week 12 (n=399, 395) | Week 16 (n=399, 395) | Week 20 (n=399, 395) | Week 26 (n=399, 395) | Week 34 (n=399, 395) | Week 42 (n=399, 395) | Week 52 (n=399, 395) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -5.2 | -4.0 | -3.6 | -4.3 | -3.9 | -2.1 | -3.5 | -3.8 | -4.4 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | -1.9 | 0.3 | 1.1 | -0.4 | -0.5 | 1.0 | -0.7 | 0.0 | -0.1 |
Change from Baseline in triglycerides was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 26, 34, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline triglycerides as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 26, 34, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=397, 393) | Week 8 (n=399, 395) | Week 12 (n=399, 395) | Week 16 (n=399, 395) | Week 20 (n=399, 395) | Week 26 (n=399, 395) | Week 34 (n=399, 395) | Week 42 (n=399, 395) | Week 52 (n=399, 395) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -16.4 | -17.9 | -16.1 | -16.3 | -12.7 | -11.9 | -7.4 | -14.6 | -16.4 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | -12.2 | -12.3 | -4.5 | -9.4 | -8.5 | -6.3 | -8.1 | -7.0 | -7.8 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of total VLDL/chylomicron particles and large VLDL/chylomicron particles was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline VLDL/chylomicron particles as covariates." (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Particles - Week 12 (n=357, 361) | Total Particles - Week 26 (n=367, 368) | Total Particles - Week 42 (n=367, 369) | Total Particles - Week 52 (n=367, 369) | Large Particles - Week 12 (n=357, 361) | Large Particles - Week 26 (n=367, 368) | Large Particles - Week 42 (n=367, 369) | Large Particles - Week 52 (n=367, 369) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -0.59 | 1.27 | -1.35 | -1.20 | -0.83 | -0.39 | -0.72 | -0.66 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 2.39 | 3.09 | 1.64 | 3.03 | -0.27 | -0.32 | -0.38 | -0.46 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of VLDL/chylomicron triglycerides was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline VLDL/chylomicron triglycerides as covariates." (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=357, 361) | Week 26 (n=367, 368) | Week 42 (n=367, 369) | Week 52 (n=367, 369) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -7.6 | -1.3 | -5.4 | -6.1 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | -0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | -1.5 |
The change from Baseline in levels of medium VLDL particles and small VLDL particles was assessed by NMR fractionation at Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment, study schedule and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline VLDL particles as covariates. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12, 26, 42 and 52.
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medium Particles - Week 12 (n=357, 361) | Medium Particles - Week 26 (n=367, 368) | Medium Particles - Week 42 (n=367, 369) | Medium Particles - Week 52 (n=367, 369) | Small Particles - Week 12 (n=357, 361) | Small Particles - Week 26 (n=367, 368) | Small Particles - Week 42 (n=367, 369) | Small Particles - Week 52 (n=367, 369) | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | -0.09 | 1.30 | 1.03 | 0.26 | -0.04 | 0.07 | -1.86 | -1.02 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 1.74 | 2.23 | 2.43 | 2.12 | 1.30 | 1.47 | -0.21 | 1.58 |
Clinical response at Weeks 26 and 52 was assessed by the percentage of participants with a decrease from Baseline in HbA1c of greater than or equal to 0.5%. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Weeks 26 and 52.
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 72.0 | 60.9 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 42.1 | 37.6 |
Clinical response at Weeks 26 and 52 was assessed by the percentage of participants with a decrease from Baseline in HbA1c of greater than or equal to 1.0%. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Weeks 26 and 52.
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 42.3 | 35.6 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 20.3 | 17.3 |
Clinical response at Weeks 26 and 52 was assessed by the percentage of participants with a decrease from Baseline in HbA1c of greater than or equal to 1.5%. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Weeks 26 and 52.
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 18.6 | 17.1 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 7.5 | 8.0 |
Clinical response at Weeks 26 and 52 was assessed by the percentage of participants with a decrease from Baseline in HbA1c of greater than or equal to 2.0%. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Weeks 26 and 52.
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 8.2 | 7.9 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 3.0 | 3.3 |
Clinical response at Weeks 26 and 52 was assessed by the percentage of participants with HbA1c less than or equal to 6.5%. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Weeks 26 and 52.
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 13.9 | 8.7 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 7.8 | 4.3 |
Clinical response at Weeks 26 and 52 was assessed by the percentage of participants with HbA1c less than or equal to 7%. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Weeks 26 and 52.
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 39.1 | 33.2 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 25.8 | 21.3 |
Clinical response at Weeks 26 and 52 was assessed by the percentage of participants with HbA1c less than or equal to 7.5%. (NCT00432276)
Timeframe: Weeks 26 and 52.
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 26 | Week 52 | |
| Alogliptin 25 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg + Metformin | 64.9 | 59.9 |
| Pioglitazone 45 mg + Metformin | 47.1 | 44.1 |
The number of subjects having a change in Alanine Aminotransferase (ALAT) from 'Normal' or 'Abnormal, not clinically significant' to 'Abnormal, clinically significant'. 'Abnormal, Clinically significant' is an abnormality that suggests a disease and/or organ toxicity and is of a severity, which requires active management. (NCT00819741)
Timeframe: Week -2, week 16
| Intervention | Subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Repaglinide + Metformin | 4 |
| Repaglinide | 5 |
The number of subjects having a change in Aspartate Aminotransferase (ASAT) from 'Normal' or 'Abnormal, not clinically significant' to 'Abnormal, clinically significant'. 'Abnormal, Clinically significant' is an abnormality that suggests a disease and/or organ toxicity and is of a severity, which requires active management. (NCT00819741)
Timeframe: Week -2, week 16
| Intervention | Subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Repaglinide + Metformin | 2 |
| Repaglinide | 4 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change in 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose following a standard test meal after 16 weeks of treatment (NCT00819741)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 16
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Repaglinide + Metformin | -7.525 |
| Repaglinide | -6.794 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change in 2-hour postprandial serum C-peptide after 16 weeks of treatment (NCT00819741)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 16
| Intervention | ng/ml (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Repaglinide + Metformin | 2.301 |
| Repaglinide | 2.081 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change in 2-hour postprandial serum insulin after 16 weeks of treatment. (NCT00819741)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 16
| Intervention | mU/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Repaglinide + Metformin | 34.083 |
| Repaglinide | 28.548 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change in fasting plasma glucose after 16 weeks of treatment. (NCT00819741)
Timeframe: week 0, week 16
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Repaglinide + Metformin | -4.646 |
| Repaglinide | -3.982 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change in fasting serum C-peptide after 16 weeks of treatment (NCT00819741)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 16
| Intervention | ng/ml (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Repaglinide + Metformin | 0.041 |
| Repaglinide | 0.405 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change in fasting serum insulin after 16 weeks of treatment. (NCT00819741)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 16
| Intervention | mU/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Repaglinide + Metformin | 3.163 |
| Repaglinide | 5.694 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change in HbA1c after 16 weeks of treatment. (NCT00819741)
Timeframe: week -2 (screening), week 16
| Intervention | percentage (%) of total haemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Repaglinide + Metformin | -4.450 |
| Repaglinide | -4.148 |
The number of subjects having a electrocardiogram (ECG) that changed from 'Normal' or 'Abnormal, not clinically significant' to 'Abnormal, clinically significant'. 'Abnormal, Clinically significant' is an abnormality that suggests a disease and/or organ toxicity and is of a severity, which requires active management. (NCT00819741)
Timeframe: Week -2, week 16
| Intervention | Subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Repaglinide + Metformin | 3 |
| Repaglinide | 2 |
Haemoglobin was measured. The number of subjects having a change in Haemoglobin measurement from 'Normal' or 'Abnormal, not clinically significant' to 'Abnormal, clinically significant' 'Abnormal, Clinically significant' is an abnormality that suggests a disease and/or organ toxicity and is of a severity, which requires active management. (NCT00819741)
Timeframe: Week -2, week 16
| Intervention | Subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Repaglinide + Metformin | 1 |
| Repaglinide | 0 |
The number of subjects having a physical examination event that changed from 'Normal' or 'Abnormal, not clinically significant' to 'Abnormal, clinically significant'. Physical examination included cardiovascular system, respiratory system, musculoskeletal system, nervous system and abdomen. (NCT00819741)
Timeframe: Week -2, week 16
| Intervention | Subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Repaglinide + Metformin | 3 |
| Repaglinide | 0 |
Calculated as an estimate of the mean change in 7-point (before breakfast, 2 hours after breakfast, before lunch, 2 hours after lunch, before dinner, 2 hours after dinner, bedtime) plasma glucose profile after 16 weeks of treatment. (NCT00819741)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 16
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before breakfast, N=204, 199 | 2 hours after breakfast, N=206, 201 | Before lunch, N=203, 200 | 2 hours after lunch, N=204, 201 | Before dinner N=204, 202 | 2 hours after dinner N=204, 199 | Bedtime N=195, 188 | Average N=207, 202 | |
| Repaglinide | -4.58 | -7.40 | -6.28 | -6.98 | -5.09 | -5.70 | -5.82 | -5.99 |
| Repaglinide + Metformin | -4.99 | -7.85 | -6.85 | -8.00 | -5.62 | -7.13 | -6.93 | -6.78 |
Calculated as the mean change in diastolic and systolic blood pressure after 16 weeks of treatment (NCT00819741)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 16
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Blood pressure diastolic | Blood pressure systolic | |
| Repaglinide | -0.9 | -1.4 |
| Repaglinide + Metformin | -1.0 | -1.5 |
Number of hypoglycaemic episodes from Week 0 to Week 16, defined as major, minor or symptoms only. Major if unable to treat her/himself. Minor if able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. Symptoms only if able to treat her/himself and no plasma glucose measurement or plasma glucose higher than or equal to 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT00819741)
Timeframe: Weeks 0-16
| Intervention | episodes (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Major | Minor | Symptoms only | |
| Repaglinide | 0 | 16 | 71 |
| Repaglinide + Metformin | 0 | 41 | 90 |
The change in PMG compared to baseline was measured using the Meal Tolerance Test (MTT) for the participants treated with Sitagliptin or Pioglitazone at Week 12. Sitagliptin was the only intervention administered to the Sita/Met FDC group during this phase. To calculate Least Squares, the ANCOVA model included a term for treatment and the baseline value as a covariate. (NCT00541450)
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin (Phase A) | -52.8 |
| Pioglitazone (Phase A) | -50.1 |
The change in PMG compared to baseline was measured using the Meal Tolerance Test (MTT) for the Sita/Met FDC and the pioglitazone groups at Week 40. (NCT00541450)
Timeframe: Baseline and 40 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sita/Met FDC | -90.3 |
| Pioglitazone | -69.1 |
The change in FPG compared to baseline was measured for the participants treated with sitagliptin or pioglitazone at Week 12. Sitagliptin was the only intervention administered to the Sita/Met FDC group during this phase. To calculate Least Squares, the ANCOVA model included a term for treatment and the baseline value as a covariate. (NCT00541450)
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin (Phase A) | -26.6 |
| Pioglitazone (Phase A) | -28.0 |
The change in FPG compared to baseline was measured for the Sita/Met FDC and the pioglitazone groups at Week 40. (NCT00541450)
Timeframe: Baseline and 40 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sita/Met FDC | -45.8 |
| Pioglitazone | -37.6 |
The change in A1C compared to baseline was measured for the participants treated with sitagliptin or pioglitazone at Week 12. Sitagliptin was the only intervention administered to the Sita/Met FDC group during this phase. A1c represents percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin. (NCT00541450)
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin (Phase A) | -1.03 |
| Pioglitazone (Phase A) | -0.87 |
The change in A1C, compared to baseline for the Sita/Met FDC and the pioglitazone groups at Week 40. A1C represents percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin. (NCT00541450)
Timeframe: Baseline to 40 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sita/Met FDC | -1.75 |
| Pioglitazone | -1.38 |
Proportion of participants achieving a therapeutic glycemic response, defined as having HbA1c < 7.0% for saxagliptin + metformin versus placebo + metformin at week 24 (NCT00661362)
Timeframe: Baseline , Week 24
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 46.5 |
| Placebo + Metformin | 30.5 |
Adjusted* mean change from baseline in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) achieved with saxagliptin 5 mg + metformin versus placebo + metformin at week 24 (LOCF, Full Analysis set). FPG is a continuous measure, the change from baseline for each subject is calculated as the week 24 values minus the baseline value. *Adjusted for baseline FPG. (NCT00661362)
Timeframe: Baseline , Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 24 | Adjusted Change from Baseline | |
| Placebo + Metformin | 159.73 | 149.54 | -10.42 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 154.54 | 137.15 | -20.52 |
Adjusted* mean change from baseline in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) achieved with saxagliptin 5 mg + metformin versus placebo + metformin at week 24 (Last Observation Carried Out (LOCF), Full Analysis set). FPG is a continuous measure, the change from baseline for each subject is calculated as the week 24 values minus the baseline value. *Adjusted for baseline FPG. (NCT00661362)
Timeframe: Baseline , Week 24
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 24 | Adjusted Change from Baseline | |
| Placebo + Metformin | 8.87 | 8.30 | -0.58 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 8.57 | 7.61 | -1.14 |
Adjusted* mean change from baseline in HbA1c achieved with saxagliptin 5 mg + metformin versus placebo + metformin at week 24 (LOCF, Full Analysis set). HbA1c is a continuous measure, the change from baseline for each subject is calculated as the week 24 values minus the baseline value. *Adjusted for baseline HbA1c. (NCT00661362)
Timeframe: Baseline , Week 24
| Intervention | percent (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 24 | adjusted baseline HbA1c | |
| Placebo + Metformin | 7.94 | 7.55 | -0.37 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 7.90 | 7.10 | -0.78 |
Adjusted* mean change from baseline in PPG AUC achieved with saxagliptin 5 mg + metformin versus placebo + metformin at week 24 (LOCF, Full Analysis set). Trapezoidal method was used to compute AUC under the 3 hour PPG curve. The change from baseline for each subject is calculated as the week 24 value minus the baseline value. *Adjusted for baseline PPG AUC. (NCT00661362)
Timeframe: Baseline , Week 24
| Intervention | mmol*min/L (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 24 | Adjusted Change from Baseline | |
| Placebo + Metformin | 2427 | 2249 | -160 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 2355 | 2058 | -315 |
Adjusted* mean change from baseline in PPG AUC achieved with saxagliptin 5 mg + metformin versus placebo+metformin at week 24 (LOCF, Full Analysis set). Trapezoidal method was used to compute AUC under the 3 hour PPG curve. The change from baseline for each subject is calculated as the week 24 value minus the baseline value. *Adjusted for baseline PPG AUC. (NCT00661362)
Timeframe: Baseline , Week 24
| Intervention | mg*min/dL (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 24 | Adjusted Change from Baseline | |
| Placebo + Metformin | 43719 | 40521 | -2871 |
| Saxagliptin 5 mg + Metformin | 42423 | 37071 | -5673 |
The effect of exenatide and pioglitazone on liver fat content after one year of treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes. (NCT01432405)
Timeframe: one year
| Intervention | percent of liver fat (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone and Exenatide | 4.7 |
| Pioglitazone | 6.5 |
the effect of the intervention on plasma adiponectin levels. (NCT01432405)
Timeframe: one year
| Intervention | microgram per ml (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone and Exenatide | 23.2 |
| Pioglitazone | 15.8 |
Change from baseline reflects the Week 32 2-hour PMG minus the baseline 2-hour PMG (NCT00532935)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 32
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin/Metformin Fixed-Dose Combination | -102.2 |
| Pioglitazone | -82.0 |
A1C is measured as a percent. Thus this change from baseline reflects the Week 32 A1C percent minus the baseline A1C percent (NCT00532935)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 32
| Intervention | Percent of glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin/Metformin Fixed-Dose Combination | -1.86 |
| Pioglitazone | -1.39 |
Change from baseline reflects the Week 1 FPG minus the baseline FPG. At Week 1, the dose was 50/500 mg b.i.d. for Sita/Met FDC and 30 mg q.d. for pioglitazone (NCT00532935)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 1
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin/Metformin Fixed-Dose Combination | -40.5 |
| Pioglitazone | -13.0 |
Change from baseline reflects the Week 32 FPG minus the baseline FPG (NCT00532935)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 32
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin/Metformin Fixed-Dose Combination | -56.0 |
| Pioglitazone | -44.0 |
(NCT00532935)
Timeframe: Week 32
| Intervention | Percent Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin/Metformin Fixed-Dose Combination | 57.3 |
| Pioglitazone | 43.5 |
Percent of subjects achieving therapeutic response (HbA1c <7.0%) at Week 18 (LOCF) (Randomized analysis set) (NCT00960076)
Timeframe: Week 18 (LOCF)
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin + Metformin | 37.2 |
| Metformin (DB) + Metformin (OL) | 26.1 |
Adjusted mean change from baseline in 2-hour PPG (following MMTT) achieved with saxagliptin added on to metformin versus metformin at Week 18 (Randomized Analysis Set). PPG is a continuous measure, the change from baseline for each participant is calculated as the Week 18 value minus the baseline value. (NCT00960076)
Timeframe: Baseline to week 18
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 18 | Adjusted Change from Baseline to Week 18 | |
| Metformin (DB) + Metformin (OL) | 223.68 | 216.24 | -8.20 |
| Saxagliptin + Metformin | 227.36 | 195.11 | -31.52 |
Adjusted mean change from baseline in FPG achieved with saxagliptin added on to metformin versus metformin at Week 18 (Randomized Analysis Set). FPG is a continuous measure, the change from baseline for each participant is calculated as the Week 18 value minus the baseline value. (NCT00960076)
Timeframe: Baseline to week 18
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 18 | Adjusted Change from Baseline to Week 18 | |
| Metformin (DB) + Metformin (OL) | 163.35 | 156.32 | -6.85 |
| Saxagliptin + Metformin | 162.54 | 142.70 | -20.03 |
Adjusted mean change from baseline in HbA1c achieved with saxagliptin added on to metformin versus metformin at Week 18 (Randomized Analysis Set). HbA1c is a continuous measure, the change from baseline for each participant is calculated as the Week 18 value minus the baseline value. (NCT00960076)
Timeframe: Baseline to week 18
| Intervention | Percent (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 18 | Adjusted Change from Baseline to Week 18 | |
| Metformin (DB) + Metformin (OL) | 8.28 | 7.93 | -0.35 |
| Saxagliptin + Metformin | 8.41 | 7.53 | -0.88 |
Major hypoglycemia is defined as any event that has symptoms consistent with hypoglycemia resulting in loss of consciousness or seizure that shows prompt recovery in response to administration of glucagon or glucose, or documented hypoglycemia (blood glucose <3.0 mmol/L [54 mg/dL]) requiring the assistance of another person because of severe impairment in consciousness or behavior (whether or not symptoms of hypoglycemia are detected by the patient). Mean event rate = total number of events for all subjects in a treatment regimen / the total number of subject years of exposure for all subjects in that treatment. Standard error = square root of (total number of events / (subject years of exposure)**2). (NCT00676338)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 26
| Intervention | events per subject-year (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | 0.00 |
| Metformin | 0.00 |
| Pioglitazone | 0.00 |
| Sitagliptin | 0.00 |
Minor hypoglycemia is defined as a sign or symptom associated with hypoglycemia that is either self-treated by the patient or resolves on its own AND has a concurrent finger stick blood glucose <3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL) and not classified as major hypoglycemia. Mean event rate = total number of events for all subjects in a treatment regimen / the total number of subject years of exposure for all subjects in that treatment. Standard error = square root of (total number of events / (subject years of exposure)**2). (NCT00676338)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 26
| Intervention | events per subject-year (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | 0.05 |
| Metformin | 0.00 |
| Pioglitazone | 0.00 |
| Sitagliptin | 0.00 |
Change in Body Weight from baseline to Week 26. (NCT00676338)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | -2.04 |
| Metformin | -2.00 |
| Pioglitazone | 1.52 |
| Sitagliptin | -0.76 |
Change in Diastolic Blood Pressure from baseline to Week 26. (NCT00676338)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | -0.50 |
| Metformin | -0.86 |
| Pioglitazone | -2.50 |
| Sitagliptin | -0.45 |
Change in Fasting HDL from baseline to Week 26. (NCT00676338)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | 0.01 |
| Metformin | 0.07 |
| Pioglitazone | 0.17 |
| Sitagliptin | 0.04 |
Change in FSG from baseline to Week 26. (NCT00676338)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | -2.25 |
| Metformin | -1.98 |
| Pioglitazone | -2.57 |
| Sitagliptin | -1.13 |
Change in Fasting TC from baseline to Week 26. (NCT00676338)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | -0.24 |
| Metformin | -0.22 |
| Pioglitazone | 0.09 |
| Sitagliptin | -0.01 |
Change in HbA1c from baseline to Week 26. (NCT00676338)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of total hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | -1.53 |
| Metformin | -1.48 |
| Pioglitazone | -1.63 |
| Sitagliptin | -1.15 |
Change in Systolic Blood Pressure from baseline to Week 26. (NCT00676338)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | -1.25 |
| Metformin | 0.14 |
| Pioglitazone | -1.74 |
| Sitagliptin | -1.81 |
Percentage of patients achieving HbA1c <=7% at Week 26 (for patients with baseline HbA1c >7%). (NCT00676338)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | 64.2 |
| Metformin | 57.3 |
| Pioglitazone | 63.3 |
| Sitagliptin | 45.5 |
Ratio of Fasting Triglycerides (measured in mmol/L) at Week 26 to baseline. Log(Post-baseline Triglycerides) - log(Baseline Triglycerides); change from baseline to Week 26 is presented as ratio of endpoint to baseline. (NCT00676338)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | 0.98 |
| Metformin | 0.96 |
| Pioglitazone | 0.85 |
| Sitagliptin | 0.94 |
Change in body weight from baseline to endpoint (Week 20) (NCT00870194)
Timeframe: Baseline to 20 Weeks
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide + Placebo | -2.58 |
| Exenatide + Sitagliptin | -2.20 |
Change in fasting serum glucose (FSG) from baseline to endpoint (Week 20) (NCT00870194)
Timeframe: Baseline to 20 Weeks
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide + Placebo | 0.06 |
| Exenatide + Sitagliptin | -0.55 |
Change in HbA1c from baseline to endpoint (Week 20); difference of base percent values [X% - Y%] (NCT00870194)
Timeframe: Baseline to 20 Weeks
| Intervention | Percent HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide + Placebo | -0.38 |
| Exenatide + Sitagliptin | -0.68 |
Change in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol from baseline to endpoint (Week 20) (NCT00870194)
Timeframe: Baseline to 20 Weeks
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide + Placebo | -0.03 |
| Exenatide + Sitagliptin | -0.01 |
Change in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol from baseline to endpoint (Week 20) (NCT00870194)
Timeframe: Baseline to 20 Weeks
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide + Placebo | 0.06 |
| Exenatide + Sitagliptin | 0.10 |
Change in total cholesterol from baseline to endpoint (Week 20) (NCT00870194)
Timeframe: Baseline to 20 Weeks
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide + Placebo | 0.09 |
| Exenatide + Sitagliptin | 0.08 |
Change in triglycerides from baseline to endpoint (Week 20) (NCT00870194)
Timeframe: Baseline to 20 Weeks
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide + Placebo | 0.17 |
| Exenatide + Sitagliptin | -0.07 |
Change in waist circumference from baseline to endpoint (Week 20) (NCT00870194)
Timeframe: Baseline to 20 Weeks
| Intervention | cm (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide + Placebo | -3.25 |
| Exenatide + Sitagliptin | -2.36 |
Incidence of confirmed hypoglycemia experienced overall during the study (NCT00870194)
Timeframe: Baseline to 20 Weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide + Placebo | 1 |
| Exenatide + Sitagliptin | 2 |
Incidence of hypoglycemic episodes experienced overall during the study (NCT00870194)
Timeframe: Baseline to 20 Weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide + Placebo | 5 |
| Exenatide + Sitagliptin | 10 |
Incidence of nocturnal hypoglycemia experienced overall during the study (NCT00870194)
Timeframe: Baseline to 20 Weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide + Placebo | 0 |
| Exenatide + Sitagliptin | 3 |
Incidence of severe hypoglycemia experienced overall during the study (NCT00870194)
Timeframe: Baseline to 20 Weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide + Placebo | 1 |
| Exenatide + Sitagliptin | 0 |
Percentage of patients whose baseline HbA1c was > 6.5% achieving HbA1c <=6.5% at endpoint (Week 20) (NCT00870194)
Timeframe: Baseline to 20 Weeks
| Intervention | Percentage (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide + Placebo | 16.5 |
| Exenatide + Sitagliptin | 20.7 |
Percentage of patients whose baseline HbA1c was > 7.0% achieving HbA1c <=7.0% at endpoint (Week 20) (NCT00870194)
Timeframe: Baseline to 20 Weeks
| Intervention | Percentage (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide + Placebo | 29.5 |
| Exenatide + Sitagliptin | 44.3 |
Percentage of patients whose baseline HbA1c was >=7.0% achieving HbA1c <7.0% at endpoint (Week 20) (NCT00870194)
Timeframe: Baseline to 20 Weeks
| Intervention | Percentage (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide + Placebo | 26.6 |
| Exenatide + Sitagliptin | 41.7 |
7 point Self Monitored Blood Glucose Profiles - daily mean value (Week 20) (NCT00870194)
Timeframe: Baseline to 20 Weeks
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide + Placebo | 8.57 |
| Exenatide + Sitagliptin | 8.16 |
Change in waist-to-hip ratio from baseline to endpoint (Week20) (NCT00870194)
Timeframe: Baseline to 20 Weeks
| Intervention | Ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide + Placebo | -0.01 |
| Exenatide + Sitagliptin | -0.00 |
Secondary endpoints were tested using sequential testing procedure and are presented in hierarchical order. Fasting plasma glucose was measured as milligrams per deciliter(mg/dL) by a central laboratory. Baseline was defined as the last assessment prior to the start date and time of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. In cases where time of the first dose or time of the assessment was not available, baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. FPG measurements were obtained during the qualification and lead-in periods and on Day 1 and Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 in the double-blind period. (NCT00643851)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin 5 mg + Metformin XR | -61.0 |
| Dapagliflozin 5 mg | -42.0 |
| Metformin XR | -33.6 |
HbA1c was measured as percent of hemoglobin by a central laboratory. Data after rescue medication was excluded from this analysis. Baseline was defined as the last assessment prior to the start date and time of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. In cases where time of the first dose or time of the assessment was not available, baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. HbA1c measurements were obtained during the qualification and lead-in periods and on Day 1 and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 in the double- blind period. (NCT00643851)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | % of hemoglobin (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin 5 mg + Metformin XR | -2.05 |
| Dapagliflozin 5 mg | -1.19 |
| Metformin XR | -1.35 |
HbA1c was measured as percent of hemoglobin by a central laboratory. Data after rescue medication was excluded from this analysis. Baseline was defined as the last assessment prior to the start date and time of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. In cases where time of the first dose or time of the assessment was not available, baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. HbA1c measurements were obtained during the qualification and lead-in periods and on Day 1 and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 in the double-blind period. (NCT00643851)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | % of hemoglobin (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin 5 mg + Metformin XR | -3.01 |
| Dapagliflozin 5 mg | -1.67 |
| Metformin XR | -1.82 |
Secondary endpoints were tested using sequential testing procedure and are presented in hierarchical order. Adjusted mean change from baseline in total body weight at Week 24 (or the last postbaseline measurement prior to Week 24 if no Week 24 assessment was available was determined. Data after rescue medication was excluded from this analysis. Baseline was defined as the last assessment prior to the start date and time of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. In cases where time of the first dose or time of the assessment was not available, baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. Body weight measurements were obtained during the qualification and lead-in periods and on Day 1 and Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 of the double-blind period. (NCT00643851)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin 5 mg + Metformin XR | -2.66 |
| Dapagliflozin 5 mg | -2.61 |
| Metformin XR | -1.29 |
Secondary endpoints were tested using sequential testing procedure and are presented in hierarchical order. Adjusted mean change from baseline in total body weight at Week 24 (or the last postbaseline measurement prior to Week 24 if no Week 24 assessment was available was determined. Data after rescue medication was excluded from this analysis. Baseline was defined as the last assessment prior to the start date and time of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. In cases where time of the first dose or time of the assessment was not available, baseline was defined as the last assessment on or prior to the date of the first dose of the double-blind study medication. Body weight measurements were obtained during the qualification and lead-in periods and on Day 1 and Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 of the double-blind period. (NCT00643851)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin 5 mg + Metformin XR | -3.04 |
| Dapagliflozin 5 mg | -2.88 |
| Metformin XR | -1.47 |
Secondary endpoints were tested using sequential testing procedure and are presented in hierarchical order. Percent adjusted for baseline HbA1c. Therapeutic glycemic response is defined as HbA1c <7.0%. Data after rescue medication was excluded from this analysis. HbA1c was measured as a percent of hemoglobin. Mean and standard error for percentage of participants estimated by modified logistic regression model. (NCT00643851)
Timeframe: From Baseline to Week 24
| Intervention | Percentage of participants (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Dapagliflozin 5 mg + Metformin XR | 52.4 |
| Dapagliflozin 5 mg | 22.5 |
| Metformin XR | 34.6 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline fasting plasma glucose as covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 1
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -14.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -18.6 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -6.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -21.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -20.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -23.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -23.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -6.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -23.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -25.0 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline adiponectin as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | μg/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.02 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.44 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.22 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 3.54 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 3.78 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 2.91 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 6.07 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 6.31 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 7.13 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 8.47 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 9.42 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 9.46 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline apolipoprotein A1 as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -1.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -4.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -3.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 1.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 3.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.4 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 1.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.2 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline apolipoprotein A2 as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.4 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 2.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 1.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 1.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 3.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 2.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 1.8 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 3.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 3.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 3.2 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline apolipoprotein B as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 5.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -2.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -3.6 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -7.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -6.1 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -8.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -12.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -6.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -8.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -11.7 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline apolipoprotein C-III as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.4 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.2 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline weight as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.46 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.14 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.56 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.39 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.22 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.39 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.75 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.60 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.98 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.55 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.88 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 1.08 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline C-peptide as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.055 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.083 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.140 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.116 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.155 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.215 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.439 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.212 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.326 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.483 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.381 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.464 |
"The Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) estimates steady state beta cell function (%B) as a percentage of a normal reference population.~HOMA %B = 20 * insulin (µIU/mL) / fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) - 3.5. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HOMA beta cell function as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | percentage beta cell function (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -3.027 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 16.304 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 22.996 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 2.565 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 30.346 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 19.887 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 1.118 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 21.045 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 19.935 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 4.023 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 19.938 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 18.541 |
"The Homeostasis Model Assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA IR) measures insulin resistance based on fasting glucose and insulin measurements:~HOMA IR = fasting plasma insulin (µIU/mL) * fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) / 22.5.~A higher number indicates a greater degree of insulin resistance. Least Squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and HOMA-IR as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | insulin resistance (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.337 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.063 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.041 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.012 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.819 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.305 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.278 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.457 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.665 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.202 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.615 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.742 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline fasting plasma glucose as covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 3.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -19.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -23.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -23.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -42.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -42.5 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -26.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -42.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -49.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -41.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -49.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -51.4 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline proinsulin as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -1.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -2.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -5.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -10.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -8.8 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -11.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -12.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -12.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -8.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -12.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -13.2 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline free fatty acid as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.0067 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.0149 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.0769 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.0879 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.1305 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.1291 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.0395 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.1167 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.1126 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.0848 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.1447 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.1401 |
"The change from Baseline in HbA1c (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) at week 12.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HbA1c as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.28 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.84 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.92 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.65 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.24 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.26 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.77 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -1.29 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.33 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 mg | -1.02 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.34 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.53 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HDL cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 3.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 3.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 3.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 6.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 5.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 5.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 6.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 6.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 6.4 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline hsCRP as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | mg/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -1.1053 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -1.0730 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.3516 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.9166 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.2362 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.4217 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.7023 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.2143 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.0006 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.4212 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.9032 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.2978 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of IDL particles was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR IDL particles as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -11.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -6.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 5.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -6.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -6.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -8.1 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -6.5 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline insulin as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | µIU/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.06 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 1.79 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 1.93 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.29 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.47 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.01 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -3.61 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.36 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.83 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.95 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.35 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -3.01 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline LDL cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 6.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 1.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 3.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 8.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 3.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 3.8 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 6.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 1.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 5.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 4.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.3 |
The change from Baseline in mean HDL particle size was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation. Least squares means are from are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline mean HDL particle size as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | nm (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.00 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.00 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.00 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.06 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.07 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.09 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.10 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.15 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.17 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.18 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.17 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.21 |
"The change from Baseline in mean LDL particle size was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline mean LDL particle size as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | nm (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.05 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.13 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.06 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.25 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.43 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.49 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.44 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.61 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.61 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.58 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.68 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.73 |
"The change from Baseline in mean VLDL particle size was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline mean VLDL particle size as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | nm (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.65 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.12 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.18 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.81 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.10 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.56 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -3.16 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.88 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.49 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.37 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -4.00 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -4.03 |
"NMR lipid fractionation was used to assess the change from Baseline in total triglyceride levels at Week 12.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR total triglycerides as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 20.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -4.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -7.8 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -12.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -21.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -27.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -18.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -29.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -31.6 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -27.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -35.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -36.0 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline PAI-1 as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -4.55 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 3.54 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -1.80 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -5.32 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -6.28 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -10.94 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -8.53 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -10.47 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.71 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 1.85 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -9.13 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -12.63 |
"The ratio of proinsulin to insulin was calculated as proinsulin (pmol/L) / insulin (μIU/mL).~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline proinsulin/insulin ratio as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.006 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.024 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.041 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.041 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.073 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.056 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.063 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.072 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.088 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.021 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.112 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.101 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline total cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 7.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.1 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 8.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 1.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 7.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 3.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 1.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -3.9 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline triglycerides as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 18.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -4.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -18.1 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -24.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -37.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -44.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -37.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -47.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -46.8 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -42.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -57.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -57.4 |
The change from Baseline in VLDL/chylomicron triglyceride levels was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR VLDL/chylomicron triglycerides as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 19.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -3.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -6.4 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -14.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -21.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -26.5 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -19.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -29.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -30.1 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -28.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -35.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -34.8 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline C-peptide as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.076 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.032 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.101 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.242 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.282 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.184 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.410 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.318 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.306 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.404 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.431 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.510 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline fasting plasma glucose as covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -16.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -22.6 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -21.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -41.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -39.1 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -26.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -41.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -43.4 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -36.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -47.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -53.8 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline proinsulin as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -3.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -2.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -3.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -11.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -8.4 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -10.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -12.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -11.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -8.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -13.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -14.4 |
The change from Baseline in HbA1c (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) at week 16. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HbA1c as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.27 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.82 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -1.03 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.74 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.36 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.36 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.91 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -1.42 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.45 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 mg | -1.12 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.53 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.66 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HDL cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 3.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 4.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 4.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 5.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 5.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 4.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 5.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 6.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 6.7 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline insulin as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16
| Intervention | µIU/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.34 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 1.22 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 1.83 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.63 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.28 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.11 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -3.46 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.50 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.82 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.48 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -3.00 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -3.52 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline LDL cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 4.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 1.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 7.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 2.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 4.6 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 7.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 2.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.8 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 4.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 4.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 1.8 |
"The ratio of proinsulin to insulin was calculated as proinsulin (pmol/L) / insulin (μIU/mL).~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline proinsulin/insulin ratio as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.026 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.036 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.046 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.035 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.078 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.066 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.035 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.094 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.061 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.030 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.102 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.104 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline total cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 5.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -2.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 7.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 3.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 10.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 2.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 2.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.8 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline triglycerides as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 10.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -7.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -26.8 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -10.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -53.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -33.8 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -28.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -44.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -45.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -49.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -50.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -59.1 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline fasting plasma glucose as covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 2
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 4.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -21.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -18.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -10.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -30.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -31.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -4.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -30.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -31.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -19.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -30.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -31.7 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline weight as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.55 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.08 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.48 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.76 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.96 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.85 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 1.51 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 1.45 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 1.76 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 1.35 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 1.93 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 1.76 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline C-peptide as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.046 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.114 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.019 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.193 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.377 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.184 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.380 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.343 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.266 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.506 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.329 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.430 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline fasting plasma glucose as covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 6.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -8.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -23.5 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -22.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -43.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -39.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -26.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -41.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -43.1 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -35.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -46.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -52.4 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline proinsulin as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 1.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -3.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -3.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -11.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -8.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -9.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -10.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -10.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -7.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -10.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -12.5 |
"The change from Baseline in HbA1c (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) at week 20.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HbA1c as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.24 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.75 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.99 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.75 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.39 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.37 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.90 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -1.43 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.49 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 mg | -1.10 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.57 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.66 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HDL cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.5 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 3.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 4.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 3.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 5.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 5.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 5.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 5.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 7.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 6.5 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline insulin as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | µIU/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.18 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 2.03 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.76 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.66 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.35 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.90 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -3.29 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.20 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.29 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -3.12 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.16 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -3.01 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline LDL cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 6.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 2.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 1.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 7.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 4.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 3.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 6.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 2.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 4.1 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 6.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 6.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 1.9 |
"The ratio of proinsulin to insulin was calculated as proinsulin (pmol/L) / insulin (μIU/mL).~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline proinsulin/insulin ratio as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.007 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.014 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.046 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.039 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.081 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.065 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.042 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.085 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.077 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.020 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.099 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.092 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline total cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 6.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 1.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -1.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 6.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 4.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 1.4 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 7.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 1.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 3.4 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 4.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 4.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.3 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline triglycerides as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 5.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -7.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -23.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -18.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -41.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -34.6 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -37.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -43.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -42.4 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -49.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -46.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -51.2 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline adiponectin as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | μg/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.43 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.48 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.26 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 3.30 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 4.80 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 2.93 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 5.90 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 6.30 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 6.87 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 8.75 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 8.18 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 9.59 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline apolipoprotein A1 as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -4.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -3.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -4.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -3.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -3.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -3.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.2 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline apolipoprotein A2 as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.4 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 1.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 1.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 1.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 2.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 2.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 1.6 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 2.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 3.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 2.7 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline apolipoprotein B as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -3.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -6.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -4.8 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -3.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -7.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -8.8 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -3.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -6.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -5.5 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline apolipoprotein C-III as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.6 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.5 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline weight as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.66 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.02 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.67 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.94 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 1.25 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 1.27 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 1.88 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 1.89 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 2.10 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 1.65 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 2.30 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 2.25 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline C-peptide as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.011 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.000 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.059 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.239 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.380 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.204 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.353 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.235 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.300 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.429 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.421 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.474 |
"The Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) estimates steady state beta cell function (%B) as a percentage of a normal reference population.~HOMA %B = 20 * insulin (µIU/mL) / fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) - 3.5. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HOMA beta cell function as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | percentage beta cell function (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.924 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 11.812 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 17.814 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 2.770 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 10.977 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 19.320 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 8.983 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 22.474 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 23.475 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 3.427 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 21.068 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 23.752 |
"The Homeostasis Model Assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA IR) measures insulin resistance based on fasting glucose and insulin measurements:~HOMA IR = fasting plasma insulin (µIU/mL) * fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) / 22.5.~A higher number indicates a greater degree of insulin resistance. Least Squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and HOMA-IR as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | insulin resistance (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.464 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.311 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.179 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.864 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.300 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.223 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.061 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.871 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.056 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.789 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.456 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.854 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline fasting plasma glucose as covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 6.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -13.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -18.6 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -23.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -42.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -38.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -28.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -42.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -41.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -32.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -51.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -52.7 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline proinsulin as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -3.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -3.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -10.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -7.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -8.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -8.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -8.8 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -4.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -12.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -12.6 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline free fatty acid as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.0387 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.0427 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.0386 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.0561 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.0752 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.0972 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.0737 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.0956 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.1232 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.0730 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.1125 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.1228 |
"The change from Baseline to Week 26 in HbA1c (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound).~The primary analysis compared the groupings (combinations of individual treatment groups) of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone (Pioglitazone Alone)." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone Alone | -0.89 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -1.43 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -1.42 |
The change from Baseline to Week 26 in HbA1c (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound). (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.13 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.64 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.90 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.75 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.34 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.27 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.92 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.39 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.39 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.00 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.55 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.60 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HDL cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 1.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 3.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 4.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 4.1 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 5.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 6.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 5.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 6.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 6.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 6.0 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline hsCRP as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.0550 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.6606 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.2618 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.2375 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.2490 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.9438 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.0480 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.1725 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.1697 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.8562 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.8933 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.2191 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of IDL particles was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR IDL particles as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 5.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -7.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -3.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 5.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 3.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -5.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -5.5 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -5.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 1.0 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline insulin as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | µIU/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 6.78 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 1.33 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 1.43 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.78 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -3.05 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.76 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.56 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.76 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.42 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.88 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.33 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.79 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline LDL cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 3.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 2.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 3.6 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 7.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 3.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 6.1 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 6.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 2.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 3.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 8.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 9.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 7.7 |
The change from Baseline in mean HDL particle size was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation. Least squares means are from are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline mean HDL particle size as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | nm (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.03 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.00 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.07 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.06 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.06 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.11 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.10 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.15 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.20 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.19 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.16 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.19 |
"The change from Baseline in mean LDL particle size was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline mean LDL particle size as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | nm (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.06 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.01 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.07 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.26 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.38 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.41 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.38 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.48 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.57 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.59 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.55 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.63 |
"The change from Baseline in mean VLDL particle size was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline mean VLDL particle size as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | nm (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.26 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.52 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.35 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.99 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.66 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.36 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.88 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -3.69 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -3.30 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.60 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -4.65 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -4.12 |
"NMR lipid fractionation was used to assess the change from Baseline in total triglyceride levels at Week 26.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR total triglycerides as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 12.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 7.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -6.8 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -18.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -20.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -23.1 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -6.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -23.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -19.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -8.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -32.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -25.8 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline PAI-1 as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -3.00 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.57 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -3.29 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -5.43 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -4.75 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -9.62 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -5.24 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 1.89 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -6.66 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -3.02 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -5.22 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -11.48 |
"The ratio of proinsulin to insulin was calculated as proinsulin (pmol/L) / insulin (μIU/mL).~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline proinsulin/insulin ratio as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.007 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.001 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.064 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.038 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.071 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.063 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.030 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.081 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.072 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.014 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.109 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.092 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline total cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 4.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 2.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 5.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 4.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 3.5 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 8.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 2.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 3.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 9.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 6.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 5.1 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline triglycerides as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 3.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -1.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -15.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -29.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -37.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -38.5 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -27.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -37.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -33.5 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -32.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -49.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -50.1 |
The change from Baseline in VLDL/chylomicron triglyceride levels was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR VLDL/chylomicron triglycerides as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 11.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 8.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -7.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -20.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -20.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -23.8 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -8.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -23.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -18.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -10.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -32.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -26.2 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline C-peptide as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.002 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.032 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.076 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.246 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.248 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.238 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.232 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.259 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.268 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.393 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.252 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.337 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline fasting plasma glucose as covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 3.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -20.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -22.8 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -20.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -35.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -37.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -13.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -37.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -36.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -26.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -37.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -46.2 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline proinsulin as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -4.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -2.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -4.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -9.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -8.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -6.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -9.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -9.5 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -7.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -11.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -11.7 |
The change from Baseline in HbA1c (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) at week 4. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HbA1c as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.22 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.46 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.51 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.32 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.53 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.61 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.24 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.60 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.60 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.40 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.58 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.63 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HDL cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.5 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 2.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 1.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 1.6 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 3.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 2.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 3.5 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 3.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 4.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 5.1 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline insulin as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4
| Intervention | µIU/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.06 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.33 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 2.31 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.68 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -3.03 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.86 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.43 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.45 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.05 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.76 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.85 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.65 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline LDL cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 2.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -2.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 1.4 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 2.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 1.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 3.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.4 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 3.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -3.4 |
"The ratio of proinsulin to insulin was calculated as proinsulin (pmol/L) / insulin (μIU/mL).~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline proinsulin/insulin ratio as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.015 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.039 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.058 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.029 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.054 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.054 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.023 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.068 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.045 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.009 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.111 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.072 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline total cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -3.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -3.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 2.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -10.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 3.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -7.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -3.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -6.7 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline triglycerides as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -2.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -2.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -25.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -21.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -35.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -51.1 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -26.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -42.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -44.4 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -47.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -39.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -49.1 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline weight as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.13 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.05 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.45 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.32 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.09 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.22 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.57 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.49 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.74 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.46 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.43 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.93 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline C-peptide as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.044 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.114 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.108 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.221 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.315 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.261 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.380 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.365 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.207 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.467 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.300 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.464 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline fasting plasma glucose as covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 5.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -19.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -19.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -22.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -42.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -39.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -24.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -40.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -44.1 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -35.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -44.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -52.3 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline proinsulin as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -2.6 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -3.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -11.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -10.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -8.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -11.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -9.4 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -9.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -11.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -13.8 |
The change from Baseline in HbA1c (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) at week 8. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HbA1c as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.30 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.75 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.80 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.50 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.01 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.04 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.57 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 mg + Pioglitazone 30 mg | -1.05 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.02 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 mg | -0.76 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.11 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.20 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HDL cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.6 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 2.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 2.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 2.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 4.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 4.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 4.6 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 4.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 5.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 6.3 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline insulin as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | µIU/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.46 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 1.80 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 1.69 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.47 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.21 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.78 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.74 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -3.15 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -1.20 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.83 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.96 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -3.09 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline LDL cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 9.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 2.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 3.4 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 7.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 1.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 5.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 2.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 2.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 4.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 2.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -3.2 |
"The ratio of proinsulin to insulin was calculated as proinsulin (pmol/L) / insulin (μIU/mL).~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline proinsulin/insulin ratio as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.005 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.025 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.045 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.007 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.086 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -0.077 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.036 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.054 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.072 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.013 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.098 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -0.093 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline total cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 10.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -1.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -0.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 7.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -4.1 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 6.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -3.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -6.2 |
Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline triglycerides as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 26.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -16.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -23.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -20.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -30.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -46.4 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -30.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -43.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -44.5 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -53.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -60.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -52.7 |
"Rescue was defined as meeting 1 of the following criteria, confirmed by a 2nd sample drawn within 5 days of the first and analyzed by the central laboratory:~After the Week 1 Visit but prior to the Week 4 Visit: a single fasting plasma glucose ≥300 mg/dL;~From the Week 4 Visit but prior to the Week 8 Visit: a single fasting plasma glucose ≥275 mg/dL;~From the Week 8 Visit but prior to the Week 12 Visit: a single fasting plasma glucose ≥250 mg/dL;~From the Week 12 Visit through the End-of-Treatment Visit: HbA1c ≥8.5% and ≤0.5% reduction in HbA1c as compared with Baseline HbA1c." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: From Week 1 to Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 32.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 14.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 12.8 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 10.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 4.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 3.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 15.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 4.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 4.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 8.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 2.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 1.6 |
"Rescue was defined as meeting 1 of the following criteria, confirmed by a 2nd sample drawn within 5 days of the first and analyzed by the central laboratory:~After the Week 1 Visit but prior to the Week 4 Visit: a single fasting plasma glucose ≥300 mg/dL;~From the Week 4 Visit but prior to the Week 8 Visit: a single fasting plasma glucose ≥275 mg/dL;~From the Week 8 Visit but prior to the Week 12 Visit: a single fasting plasma glucose ≥250 mg/dL;~From the Week 12 Visit through the End-of-Treatment Visit: HbA1c ≥8.5% and ≤0.5% reduction in HbA1c as compared with Baseline HbA1c." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: From Week 1 to Week 26.
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone Alone | 11.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | 3.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | 3.4 |
Clinical response at Week 26 was assessed by the percentage of participants with a decrease from Baseline in HbA1c of greater than or equal to 0.5%. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 31.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 57.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 66.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 61.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 86.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 79.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 68.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 86.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 83.8 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 72.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 83.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 86.9 |
"Clinical response at Week 26 was assessed by the percentage of participants with a decrease from Baseline in HbA1c of greater than or equal to 0.5%.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone Alone | 67.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | 85.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | 83.3 |
Clinical response at Week 26 was assessed by the percentage of participants with a decrease from Baseline in HbA1c of greater than or equal to 1.5%. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 5.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 15.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 28.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 21.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 41.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 46.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 27.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 45.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 46.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 34.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 50.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 58.5 |
"Clinical response at Week 26 was assessed by the percentage of participants with a decrease from Baseline in HbA1c of greater than or equal to 1.5%.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone Alone | 27.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | 45.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | 50.3 |
Clinical response at Week 26 was assessed by the percentage of participants with a decrease from Baseline in HbA1c of greater than or equal to 1%. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 16.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 33.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 47.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 36.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 69.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 66.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 46.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 73.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 69.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 54.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 73.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 72.3 |
"Clinical response at Week 26 was assessed by the percentage of participants with a decrease from Baseline in HbA1c of greater than or equal to 1%.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone Alone | 45.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | 71.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | 69.5 |
"Clinical response at Week 26 was assessed by the percentage of participants with a decrease from Baseline in HbA1c of greater than or equal to 2.0%.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone Alone | 11.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | 25.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | 27.7 |
Clinical response at Week 26 was assessed by the percentage of participants with a decrease from Baseline in HbA1c of greater than or equal to 2%. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 7.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 11.6 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 7.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 23.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 21.5 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 9.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 22.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 26.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 17.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 30.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 35.4 |
Clinical response at Week 26 was assessed by the percentage of participants with HbA1c less than or equal to 6.5%. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 8.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 12.4 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 6.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 21.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 24.6 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 11.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 30.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 30.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 19.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 32.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 33.1 |
"Clinical response at Week 26 was assessed by the percentage of participants with HbA1c less than or equal to 6.5%.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone Alone | 12.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | 27.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | 29.2 |
"Clinical response at Week 26 was assessed by the percentage of participants with HbA1c less than or equal to 7%.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone Alone | 30.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | 54.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | 55.9 |
Clinical response at Week 26 was assessed by the percentage of participants with HbA1c less than or equal to 7.5%. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 24.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 38.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 55.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 51.9 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 77.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 71.5 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 55.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 73.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 72.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 56.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 80.8 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 78.5 |
"Clinical response at Week 26 was assessed by the percentage of participants with HbA1c less than or equal to 7.5%.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone Alone | 54.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | 77.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | 74.1 |
Clinical response at Week 26 was assessed by the percentage of participants with HbA1c less than or equal to 7%. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 6.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 22.7 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 27.1 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 25.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 49.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 54.6 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 29.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 53.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 53.1 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 36.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 61.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 60.0 |
Marked hyperglycemia is defined as fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL (11.10 mmol/L). (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: From Week 1 to Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 60.5 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 42.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 39.7 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 37.8 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 27.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 22.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 39.2 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 26.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 23.6 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 41.1 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 20.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 20.5 |
"Marked hyperglycemia is defined as fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL (11.10 mmol/L).~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: From Week 1 to Week 26
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone Alone | 39.4 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | 24.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | 22.1 |
Change from Baseline in adiponectin was assessed at Weeks 12 and 26. This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline adiponectin as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26.
| Intervention | μg/mL (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=339, 357, 348) | Week 26 (n=356, 369, 361) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | 6.51 | 6.43 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | 6.51 | 6.46 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | 6.03 | 5.98 |
Change from Baseline in Apolipoprotein A1 was assessed at Weeks 12 and 26. This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline apolipoprotein A1 as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=339, 354, 346) | Week 26 (n=354, 367, 356) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | 0.2 | -1.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | 0.3 | -2.8 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | 1.4 | -1.6 |
Change from Baseline in Apolipoprotein A2 was assessed at Weeks 12 and 26. This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline apolipoprotein A2 as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=339, 354, 345) | Week 26 (n=354, 367, 355) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | 2.5 | 2.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | 2.3 | 1.8 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | 3.1 | 2.4 |
Change from Baseline in Apolipoprotein B was assessed at Weeks 12 and 26. This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline apolipoprotein B as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=338, 354, 346) | Week 26 (n=354, 367, 356) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -7.9 | -6.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -10.0 | -6.4 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -3.0 | -2.8 |
Change from Baseline in apolipoprotein C-III was assessed at Weeks 12 and 26. This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline apolipoprotein C-III as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=337, 352, 345) | Week 26 (n=353, 366, 355) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -1.2 | -0.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -1.3 | -0.6 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -0.6 | -0.1 |
Change from Baseline in body weight was assessed at Weeks 8, 12, 20 and 26. This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline weight as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 8, 12, 20 and 26.
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 8 (n=361, 372, 367) | Week 12 (n=368, 374, 373) | Week 20 (n=368, 374, 373) | Week 26 (n=368, 374, 373) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | 0.34 | 0.57 | 1.45 | 1.81 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | 0.63 | 0.82 | 1.46 | 1.87 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | 0.45 | 0.56 | 1.21 | 1.49 |
"C-peptide is a byproduct created when the hormone insulin is produced and is measured by a blood test. Change from Baseline was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline C-peptide as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=335, 335, 336) | Week 8 (n=367, 366, 371) | Week 12 (n=367, 369, 374) | Week 16 (n=369, 374, 374) | Week 20 (n=369, 375, 375) | Week 26 (n=371, 378, 375) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -0.255 | -0.327 | -0.249 | -0.343 | -0.350 | -0.346 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -0.282 | -0.311 | -0.334 | -0.333 | -0.293 | -0.326 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -0.292 | -0.356 | -0.268 | -0.352 | -0.360 | -0.341 |
"HOMA IR measures insulin resistance based on fasting glucose and insulin measurements:~HOMA IR = fasting plasma insulin (µIU/mL) * fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) / 22.5.~A higher number indicates a greater insulin resistance. This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone.~Least Squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and HOMA-IR as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26.
| Intervention | insulin resistance (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=347, 344, 351) | Week 26 (n=348, 346, 352) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -1.966 | -2.209 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -2.572 | -1.711 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -1.832 | -1.571 |
"The change from Baseline in fasting plasma glucose was assessed at weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline fasting plasma glucose as covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 1 (n=358, 355, 354) | Week 2 (n=379, 383, 381) | Week 4 (n=381, 386, 383) | Week 8 (n=381, 386, 383) | Week 12 (n=381, 386, 383) | Week 16 (n=381, 386, 383) | Week 20 (n=381, 386, 383) | Week 26 (n=381, 386, 383) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -22.6 | -30.3 | -36.8 | -42.3 | -45.0 | -43.7 | -43.6 | -45.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -23.1 | -31.6 | -39.8 | -45.2 | -47.6 | -45.4 | -45.0 | -44.2 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -4.1 | -11.3 | -19.9 | -27.3 | -30.3 | -27.9 | -28.1 | -28.3 |
"Proinsulin is a precursor to insulin, and was measured as an indicator of pancreatic function. The change from Baseline in fasting proinsulin was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and proinsulin as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=328, 319, 327) | Week 8 (n=357, 347, 358) | Week 12 (n=357, 347, 358) | Week 16 (n=358, 348, 358) | Week 20 (n=358, 349, 359) | Week 26 (n=358, 349, 359) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -10.3 | -11.3 | -11.6 | -12.2 | -10.4 | -10.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -10.1 | -11.3 | -11.6 | -11.3 | -10.7 | -9.5 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -6.2 | -7.2 | -8.2 | -7.2 | -6.6 | -5.3 |
Change from Baseline in free fatty acids (FFA) was assessed at Weeks 12 and 26. This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline free fatty acid as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26.
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=339, 356, 352) | Week 26 (n=353, 368, 363) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -0.1306 | -0.0945 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -0.1273 | -0.1144 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -0.0707 | -0.0676 |
"The change from Baseline to Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 in HbA1c (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound).~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and HbA1c as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20.
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=345, 359, 346) | Week 8 (n=376, 385, 377) | Week 12 (n=376, 385, 377) | Week 16 (n=376, 385, 377) | Week 20 (n=376, 385, 377) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -0.57 | -1.06 | -1.29 | -1.44 | -1.46 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -0.61 | -1.09 | -1.38 | -1.49 | -1.51 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -0.32 | -0.61 | -0.81 | -0.92 | -0.92 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of total, large, medium and small HDL particles was assessed by NMR fractionation at Weeks 12 and 26.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR HDL particles as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26.
| Intervention | μMOL/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Particles - Week 12 (n=332, 345, 343) | Total Particles - Week 26 (n=348, 359, 357) | Large Particles - Week 12 (n=332, 345, 343) | Large Particles - Week 26 (n=348, 359, 357) | Medium Particles - Week 12 (n=332, 345, 343) | Medium Particles - Week 26 (n=348, 359, 357) | Small Particles - Week 12 (n=332, 345, 343) | Small Particles - Week 26 (n=348, 359, 357) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | 0.58 | 1.18 | 0.78 | 0.90 | 1.16 | 1.10 | -1.39 | -0.85 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | 0.43 | 0.78 | 0.89 | 1.01 | 1.63 | 1.46 | -2.12 | -1.73 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | 0.86 | 0.62 | 0.89 | 0.81 | 1.38 | 1.34 | -1.35 | -1.45 |
"Change from Baseline in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HDL cholesterol as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=345, 353, 348) | Week 8 (n=374, 380, 376) | Week 12 (n=374, 380, 376) | Week 16 (n=374, 380, 376) | Week 20 (n=374, 380, 376) | Week 26 (n=374, 380, 376) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | 2.7 | 4.1 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.7 | 5.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | 3.4 | 4.6 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 5.0 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | 3.0 | 4.0 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.1 |
"Change from Baseline in high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) was assessed at Weeks 12 and 26.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline hsCRP as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26.
| Intervention | mg/L (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=346, 356, 355) | Week 26 (n=359, 369, 363) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -2.4653 | -1.7716 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -1.9208 | -0.9977 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -2.0274 | -0.8889 |
"The homeostatic model assessment estimates steady state beta cell function as a percentage of a normal reference population (%B).~HOMA %B = 20 * insulin (µIU/mL) / fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) - 3.5.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline HOMA beta cell function as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26
| Intervention | percentage beta cell function (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=347, 344, 350) | Week 26 (n=348, 346, 351) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | 23.799 | 18.173 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | 19.477 | 22.182 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | 2.591 | 5.060 |
The change from Baseline in fasting insulin was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26. This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline insulin as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.
| Intervention | µIU/mL (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=325, 318, 326) | Week 8 (n=355, 346, 356) | Week 12 (n=355, 347, 356) | Week 16 (n=356, 348, 356) | Week 20 (n=356, 349, 357) | Week 26 (n=356, 349, 357) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -2.11 | -2.44 | -1.73 | -2.60 | -1.91 | -2.05 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -2.19 | -2.36 | -2.62 | -2.48 | -2.06 | -1.66 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -2.29 | -2.35 | -2.62 | -2.19 | -2.35 | -1.74 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of IDL particles was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation at Weeks 12 and 26.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR IDL particles as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=332, 345, 343) | Week 26 (n=348, 359, 357) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -3.9 | -4.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -5.7 | -1.5 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | 0.4 | 2.8 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of total, large, medium-small, total small and very small LDL particles was assessed by NMR fractionation at Weeks 12 and 26.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR LDL particles as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Particles - Week 12 (n=332, 345, 343) | Total Particles - Week 26 (n=348, 359, 357) | Large Particles - Week 12 (n=332, 345, 343) | Large Particles - Week 26 (n=348, 359, 357) | Medium-Small Particles - Week 12 (n=332, 345, 343) | Medium-Small Particles - Week 26 (n=348, 359, 357) | Total Small Particles - Week 12 (n=332, 345, 343) | Total Small Particles - Week 26 (n=348, 359, 357) | Very Small Particles - Week 12 (n=332, 345, 343) | Very Small Particles - Week 26 (n=348, 359, 357) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -180.5 | -146.2 | 111.6 | 93.9 | -55.3 | -44.9 | -287.5 | -235.0 | -232.3 | -190.3 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -236.8 | -182.9 | 102.3 | 106.1 | -60.1 | -49.6 | -331.4 | -285.9 | -271.3 | -236.2 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -104.1 | -78.2 | 85.5 | 95.8 | -36.6 | -34.3 | -191.4 | -178.1 | -154.6 | -143.6 |
"Change from Baseline in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline LDL cholesterol as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=330, 336, 338) | Week 8 (n=365, 365, 365) | Week 12 (n=365, 367, 366) | Week 16 (n=365, 368, 366) | Week 20 (n=365, 368, 366) | Week 26 (n=365, 368, 366) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -0.5 | 1.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 4.2 | 5.2 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -1.9 | 0.1 | 1.5 | 2.4 | 3.0 | 5.6 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | 3.1 | 5.9 | 6.9 | 6.1 | 6.9 | 7.4 |
"The change from Baseline in mean HDL particle size was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation at Weeks 12 and 26.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline mean HDL particle size as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26
| Intervention | nm (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=332, 345, 343) | Week 26 (n=348, 359, 357) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | 0.13 | 0.12 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | 0.16 | 0.17 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | 0.11 | 0.11 |
"The change from Baseline in mean LDL particle size was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation at Weeks 12 and 26.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline mean LDL particle size as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26
| Intervention | nm (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=332, 345, 343) | Week 26 (n=348, 359, 357) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | 0.58 | 0.47 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | 0.61 | 0.54 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | 0.43 | 0.41 |
"The change from Baseline in mean VLDL particle size was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation at Weeks 12 and 26.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline mean VLDL particle size as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26
| Intervention | nm (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=332, 344, 343) | Week 26 (n=348, 358, 357) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -2.98 | -3.67 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -3.02 | -3.26 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -2.77 | -2.49 |
"Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) lipid fractionation was used to assess the change from Baseline in total triglyceride levels at Weeks 12 and 26.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR total triglycerides as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=332, 345, 343) | Week 26 (n=348, 359, 357) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -28.8 | -25.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -31.5 | -22.9 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -19.6 | -11.5 |
"Change from Baseline in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) was assessed at Weeks 12 and 26.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline PAI-1 as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=311, 333, 328) | Week 26 (n=341, 354, 348) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -8.76 | -2.69 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -8.57 | -9.25 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -4.14 | -4.56 |
"The ratio of proinsulin to insulin was calculated as proinsulin (pmol/L) / insulin (μIU/mL) at weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26 relative to the Baseline value.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline proinsulin/insulin ratio as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.
| Intervention | ratio (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=325, 315, 326) | Week 8 (n=355, 344, 356) | Week 12 (n=355, 345, 356) | Week 16 (n=356, 346, 356) | Week 20 (n=356, 347, 357) | Week 26 (n=356, 347, 357) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -0.078 | -0.079 | -0.086 | -0.091 | -0.088 | -0.087 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -0.057 | -0.081 | -0.082 | -0.077 | -0.078 | -0.076 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -0.021 | -0.019 | -0.042 | -0.033 | -0.034 | -0.027 |
Change from Baseline in total cholesterol was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26. This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline total cholesterol as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=345, 354, 348) | Week 8 (n=374, 380, 376) | Week 12 (n=374, 380, 376) | Week 16 (n=374, 380, 376) | Week 20 (n=374, 380, 376) | Week 26 (n=374, 380, 376) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -4.3 | -1.8 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 3.0 | 4.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -6.5 | -3.3 | -1.7 | 0.1 | 1.5 | 3.9 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | 1.6 | 4.8 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 5.9 | 8.0 |
Change from Baseline in triglycerides was assessed at Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26. This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline triglycerides as continuous covariates. (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 26.
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 4 (n=345, 354, 348) | Week 8 (n=374, 380, 376) | Week 12 (n=374, 380, 376) | Week 16 (n=374, 380, 376) | Week 20 (n=374, 380, 376) | Week 26 (n=374, 380, 376) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -38.9 | -44.4 | -47.5 | -49.3 | -43.6 | -41.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -48.0 | -47.9 | -49.4 | -46.3 | -42.7 | -40.7 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -31.5 | -34.7 | -34.5 | -29.4 | -34.9 | -29.6 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of total VLDL/chylomicron particles and large VLDL/chylomicron particles was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation at Weeks 12 and 26.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR VLDL/chylomicron particles as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Particles - Week 12 (n=332, 345, 343) | Total Particles - Week 26 (n=348, 359, 357) | Large Particles - Week 12 (n=332, 345, 343) | Large Particles - Week 26 (n=348, 359, 357) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -6.40 | -1.87 | -2.20 | -2.25 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -7.26 | -1.31 | -2.17 | -1.98 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -1.85 | -1.05 | -1.61 | -1.05 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of VLDL/chylomicron triglycerides was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation at Weeks 12 and 26.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR VLDL/chylomicron triglycerides as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 12 (n=332, 345, 343) | Week 26 (n=348, 359, 357) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -28.5 | -25.4 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -30.3 | -23.0 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -20.4 | -13.0 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of medium VLDL particles and small VLDL particles was assessed by NMR fractionation at Weeks 12 and 26.~This analysis compared the groupings of participants who received the combination of pioglitazone with each dose of alogliptin with the grouping of participants who received pioglitazone alone. Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR VLDL particles as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Weeks 12 and 26
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medium Particles - Week 12 (n=332, 345, 343) | Medium Particles - Week 26 (n=348, 359, 357) | Small Particles - Week 12 (n=332, 345, 343) | Small Particles - Week 26 (n=348, 359, 357) | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone | -5.36 | -3.02 | 1.33 | 3.55 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone | -7.30 | -4.88 | 1.91 | 5.22 |
| Pioglitazone Alone | -4.44 | -2.28 | 4.16 | 2.30 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of total, large, medium and small HDL particles was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR HDL particles as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | μmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Particles | Large Particles | Medium Particles | Small Particles | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.37 | 0.24 | 1.15 | -1.09 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.75 | 0.95 | 0.97 | -1.18 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.63 | 1.17 | 1.30 | -1.84 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -0.06 | -0.29 | -0.24 | 0.43 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.55 | 0.50 | 0.65 | -0.63 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.15 | 1.12 | 1.89 | -2.82 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.60 | 1.06 | 2.31 | -2.84 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 0.16 | -0.10 | -0.01 | 0.27 |
| Placebo | -0.08 | -0.21 | 0.17 | -0.07 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.90 | 0.53 | 0.81 | -0.25 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 1.29 | 1.09 | 1.21 | -0.92 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.40 | 1.06 | 2.06 | -2.82 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of total, large, medium-small, total small and very small LDL particles was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR LDL particles as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Particles | Large Particles | Medium-Small Particles | Total Small Particles | Very Small Particles | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -143.5 | 73.8 | -41.1 | -211.0 | -170.3 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -195.8 | 126.2 | -58.2 | -313.7 | -255.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -202.2 | 135.2 | -66.8 | -337.9 | -271.0 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -39.1 | 21.1 | -7.7 | -52.0 | -44.1 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -175.6 | 85.7 | -48.0 | -256.3 | -207.6 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -248.8 | 105.7 | -64.1 | -345.4 | -281.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -285.8 | 116.1 | -68.2 | -392.7 | -325.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -69.9 | -8.0 | -5.1 | -56.5 | -51.9 |
| Placebo | 52.0 | 4.7 | 9.4 | 45.1 | 36.4 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -48.8 | 56.2 | -20.3 | -109.9 | -89.2 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -96.2 | 83.9 | -34.4 | -184.1 | -149.8 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -167.0 | 116.9 | -55.4 | -280.4 | -225.0 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of total VLDL/chylomicron particles and large VLDL/chylomicron particles was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR VLDL/chylomicron particles as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Total Particles | Large Particles | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -3.46 | -1.63 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -7.82 | -2.19 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -7.99 | -2.81 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -1.59 | -0.42 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -5.57 | -1.81 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -6.54 | -2.29 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -9.76 | -2.45 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -5.32 | -0.27 |
| Placebo | 5.82 | 1.12 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 2.52 | -1.20 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.45 | -1.69 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -8.58 | -1.97 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of medium VLDL particles and small VLDL particles was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR VLDL particles as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Medium Particles | Small Particles | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -3.16 | 1.16 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -6.70 | 1.15 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -6.38 | 1.80 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -1.13 | 0.39 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -6.51 | 2.60 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -7.05 | 2.51 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -8.50 | 0.73 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -2.88 | -2.30 |
| Placebo | 2.13 | 2.76 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.25 | 5.99 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.59 | 4.39 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -8.64 | 2.22 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of total, large, medium and small HDL particles was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR HDL particles as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | μmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Particles | Large Particles | Medium Particles | Small Particles | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.77 | 0.55 | 0.86 | -0.68 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | 1.15 | 1.13 | 1.47 | -1.47 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | 1.61 | 1.02 | 0.96 | -0.40 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.43 | -0.16 | 0.16 | 0.41 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | 1.31 | 0.75 | 0.67 | -0.17 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.26 | 1.34 | 1.69 | -2.77 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.77 | 0.95 | 2.01 | -2.24 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | 1.03 | 0.39 | 0.54 | 0.10 |
| Placebo | 0.18 | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.00 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | 0.37 | 0.53 | 0.81 | -0.78 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.67 | 0.64 | 1.48 | -1.35 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | 0.83 | 1.26 | 1.71 | -2.21 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of total, large, medium-small, total small and very small LDL particles was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR LDL particles as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Particles | Large Particles | Medium-Small Particles | Total Small Particles | Very Small Particles | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -115.1 | 63.2 | -29.9 | -175.1 | -145.7 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -158.9 | 96.6 | -47.4 | -248.7 | -201.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -164.6 | 121.9 | -57.6 | -281.1 | -223.6 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | -14.5 | -12.3 | 0.0 | 2.2 | 2.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -119.4 | 93.1 | -36.2 | -211.5 | -174.5 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -209.4 | 102.7 | -55.0 | -304.9 | -250.0 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -219.9 | 122.7 | -57.8 | -341.3 | -283.9 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -30.8 | 15.3 | -6.9 | -42.9 | -36.6 |
| Placebo | 15.0 | -23.8 | 9.1 | 32.4 | 24.0 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -46.3 | 70.5 | -25.8 | -122.5 | -96.3 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | -68.6 | 79.3 | -30.0 | -154.9 | -124.9 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -119.7 | 137.7 | -47.1 | -256.9 | -209.6 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of total VLDL/chylomicron particles and large VLDL/chylomicron particles was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR VLDL/chylomicron particles as continuous covariates." (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Total Particles | Large Particles | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -3.31 | -1.71 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.59 | -2.24 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -1.70 | -2.80 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.59 | 0.94 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -5.15 | -1.80 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -0.35 | -1.79 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | 1.56 | -2.36 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -5.79 | -0.14 |
| Placebo | 2.80 | 1.31 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -2.99 | -1.56 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 3.68 | -0.90 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -3.83 | -0.67 |
"The change from Baseline in levels of medium VLDL particles and small VLDL particles was assessed by NMR lipid fractionation.~Least squares means are from an ANCOVA model with treatment and geographic region as class variables, and baseline metformin dose and baseline NMR VLDL particles as continuous covariates" (NCT00328627)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26
| Intervention | nmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Medium Particles | Small Particles | |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 15 | -1.78 | -0.19 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 30 | -2.17 | 4.07 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Pioglitazone 45 | -5.09 | 6.77 |
| Alogliptin 12.5 + Placebo | 0.85 | -0.87 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 15 | -5.42 | 1.90 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 30 | -4.38 | 5.45 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Pioglitazone 45 | -4.83 | 8.33 |
| Alogliptin 25 + Placebo | -2.94 | -2.91 |
| Placebo | 1.54 | 0.26 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 15 | -4.43 | 2.83 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 30 | 0.28 | 4.16 |
| Placebo + Pioglitazone 45 | -2.70 | -0.08 |
The table below shows the mean absolute change in body weight from Baseline to Week 12 for each treatment group. (NCT00642278)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 12
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.78 |
| Canagliflozin 50 mg Daily | -1.96 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg Daily | -2.25 |
| Canagliflozin 200 mg Daily | -2.32 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg Daily | -2.88 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg Twice Daily | -2.87 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg Daily | -0.43 |
The table below shows the mean change in FPG from Baseline to Week 12 for each treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin or sitagliptin group minus placebo) in the least-squares mean change. (NCT00642278)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 12
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.2 |
| Canagliflozin 50 mg Daily | -0.9 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg Daily | -1.4 |
| Canagliflozin 200 mg Daily | -1.5 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg Daily | -1.4 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg Twice Daily | -1.3 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg Daily | -0.7 |
The table below shows the mean change in HbA1c from Baseline to Week 12 for each treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin or sitagliptin group minus placebo) in the least-squares mean change. (NCT00642278)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 12
| Intervention | Percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.22 |
| Canagliflozin 50 mg Daily | -0.79 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg Daily | -0.76 |
| Canagliflozin 200 mg Daily | -0.70 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg Daily | -0.92 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg Twice Daily | -0.95 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg Daily | -0.74 |
The table below shows the mean change in overnight urine glucose/creatinine ratio from Baseline to Week 12 for each treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin or sitagliptin group minus placebo) in the least-squares mean change. (NCT00642278)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 12
| Intervention | mg/mg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.9 |
| Canagliflozin 50 mg Daily | 35.4 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg Daily | 51.5 |
| Canagliflozin 200 mg Daily | 50.5 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg Daily | 49.4 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg Twice Daily | 61.6 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg Daily | -1.9 |
The table below shows the mean percent change in body weight from Baseline to Week 12 for each treatment group. The statistical analyses show the treatment differences (ie, each canagliflozin or sitagliptin group minus placebo) in the least-squares mean change. (NCT00642278)
Timeframe: Day 1 (Baseline) and Week 12
| Intervention | Percent change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -1.1 |
| Canagliflozin 50 mg Daily | -2.3 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg Daily | -2.6 |
| Canagliflozin 200 mg Daily | -2.7 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg Daily | -3.4 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg Twice Daily | -3.4 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg Daily | -0.6 |
The table below shows the percentage of patients who experienced symptomatic hypoglycemic events between Baseline and Week 12. (NCT00642278)
Timeframe: Up to Week 12
| Intervention | Percentage of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 2 |
| Canagliflozin 50 mg Daily | 0 |
| Canagliflozin 100 mg Daily | 2 |
| Canagliflozin 200 mg Daily | 6 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg Daily | 0 |
| Canagliflozin 300 mg Twice Daily | 3 |
| Sitagliptin 100 mg Daily | 5 |
(NCT00856986)
Timeframe: Run-in (week -12) to Week 52
| Intervention | events (Number) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.8 | 716 |
| Insulin Detemir + Lira 1.8 | 845 |
| Non-Randomised Lira 1.8 | 2389 |
| Early Withdrawals Lira 1.8 | 383 |
| Intensified Group | 30 |
(NCT00856986)
Timeframe: Week 0 (Randomisation), Week 26
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.8 | -0.95 |
| Insulin Detemir + Lira 1.8 | -0.16 |
(NCT00856986)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 52
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.8 | -1.02 |
| Insulin Detemir + Lira 1.8 | -0.05 |
(NCT00856986)
Timeframe: Week 0 (Randomisation), Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.8 | -0.08 |
| Insulin Detemir + Lira 1.8 | -0.32 |
(NCT00856986)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.8 | 0.02 |
| Insulin Detemir + Lira 1.8 | -0.34 |
(NCT00856986)
Timeframe: Week 0 (Randomisation), Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.8 | -0.39 |
| Insulin Detemir + Lira 1.8 | -2.12 |
(NCT00856986)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.8 | -0.14 |
| Insulin Detemir + Lira 1.8 | -1.91 |
(NCT00856986)
Timeframe: Week 0 (Randomisation), Week 26
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.8 | -1.12 |
| Insulin Detemir + Lira 1.8 | -9.78 |
(NCT00856986)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 52
| Intervention | pmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.8 | 1.47 |
| Insulin Detemir + Lira 1.8 | -4 |
(NCT00856986)
Timeframe: Week 0 (Randomisation), week 26
| Intervention | Percentage point of total HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.8 | 0.02 |
| Insulin Detemir + Lira 1.8 | -0.51 |
(NCT00856986)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 52
| Intervention | Percentage point of total HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.8 | -0.1 |
| Insulin Detemir + Lira 1.8 | -0.51 |
(NCT00856986)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 52
| Intervention | Percentage point of total HbA1c (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.8 | 0.01 |
| Insulin Detemir + Lira 1.8 | -0.5 |
(NCT00856986)
Timeframe: Week 0 (Randomisation), Week 26
| Intervention | cm (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.8 | -0.36 |
| Insulin Detemir + Lira 1.8 | -0.38 |
(NCT00856986)
Timeframe: Week 0, week 52
| Intervention | cm (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.8 | -0.79 |
| Insulin Detemir + Lira 1.8 | -0.28 |
(NCT00856986)
Timeframe: Week 0 (Randomisation), Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.8 | -0.03 |
| Insulin Detemir + Lira 1.8 | -0.11 |
(NCT00856986)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.8 | -0.03 |
| Insulin Detemir + Lira 1.8 | -0.07 |
(NCT00856986)
Timeframe: Week 0 (Randomisation), Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.8 | -0.24 |
| Insulin Detemir + Lira 1.8 | -0.33 |
(NCT00856986)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.8 | -0.22 |
| Insulin Detemir + Lira 1.8 | -0.37 |
(NCT00856986)
Timeframe: Week 0 (Randomisation), Week 26
| Intervention | cm (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.8 | -0.66 |
| Insulin Detemir + Lira 1.8 | -0.78 |
(NCT00856986)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 52
| Intervention | participants (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.8 | -0.83 |
| Insulin Detemir + Lira 1.8 | -0.83 |
Waist to Hip Ratio is calculated by dividing Waist circumference with Hip circumference (NCT00856986)
Timeframe: Week 0 (Randomisation), Week 26
| Intervention | cm/cm (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.8 | -0.00356 |
| Insulin Detemir + Lira 1.8 | -0.00332 |
Waist to Hip Ratio is calculated by dividing Waist circumference with Hip circumference (NCT00856986)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 52
| Intervention | cm/cm (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lira 1.8 | -0.00146 |
| Insulin Detemir + Lira 1.8 | -0.00438 |
Number of hypoglycaemic episodes from Week 0 to Week 26, defined as major, minor, or symptoms only. Major if unable to treat her/himself. Minor if able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. Symptoms only if able to treat her/himself and no plasma glucose measurement or plasma glucose higher than or equal to 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT00856986)
Timeframe: weeks 0-26
| Intervention | episodes (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Major | Minor | Symptoms only | |
| Insulin Detemir + Lira 1.8 | 0 | 22 | 19 |
| Lira 1.8 | 0 | 2 | 9 |
| Non-Randomised Lira 1.8 | 0 | 31 | 26 |
Number of hypoglycaemic episodes from Week 0 to Week 52, defined as major, minor, or symptoms only. Major if unable to treat her/himself. Minor if able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. Symptoms only if able to treat her/himself and no plasma glucose measurement or plasma glucose higher than or equal to 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT00856986)
Timeframe: Week 0-52
| Intervention | episodes (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Major | Minor | Symptoms only | Unknown | |
| Insulin Detemir + Lira 1.8 | 0 | 33 | 57 | 1 |
| Intensified Group | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Lira 1.8 | 0 | 4 | 14 | 0 |
| Non-Randomised Lira 1.8 | 0 | 53 | 42 | 2 |
Calculated as an estimate of the change in mean prandial increment of plasma glucose after breakfast, lunch and dinner (from baseline/randomisation (week 0) to 26 weeks), respectively. Prandial increments of plasma glucose were calculated as the difference between glucose values measured before and after each of these three meals, respectively. (NCT00856986)
Timeframe: Week 0 (Randomisation), Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Change at Breakfast, N=133, 144 | Change at Lunch, N= 134, 143 | Change at Dinner, N= 133, 139 | |
| Insulin Detemir + Lira 1.8 | -2.09 | -1.43 | -1.18 |
| Lira 1.8 | -0.97 | -0.83 | -0.48 |
Calculated as an estimate of the change in mean prandial increment of plasma glucose after breakfast, lunch and dinner (from baseline (week 0) to 52 weeks), respectively. Prandial increments of plasma glucose were calculated as the difference between glucose values measured before and after each of these three meals, respectively. (NCT00856986)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Change at Breakfast, N=148, 135 | Change at Lunch, N= 145, 136 | Change at Dinner, N= 144, 135 | |
| Insulin Detemir + Lira 1.8 | -2.43 | -1.14 | -1.4 |
| Lira 1.8 | -0.68 | -0.51 | -0.96 |
(NCT00856986)
Timeframe: Week 0 (Randomisation), Week 26
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Systolic Blood Pressure | Diastolic Blood Pressure | |
| Insulin Detemir + Lira 1.8 | 0.41 | -0.4 |
| Lira 1.8 | 1.11 | -1.1 |
(NCT00856986)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 52
| Intervention | mmHg (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Systolic Blood Pressure | Diastolic Blood Pressure | |
| Insulin Detemir + Lira 1.8 | 0.16 | 0.11 |
| Lira 1.8 | -0.74 | -0.66 |
Cholesterol Lipids cover: Total Cholesterol, Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C), Very Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (VLDL-C), High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) (NCT00856986)
Timeframe: Week 0 (Randomisation), Week 26
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change in Total Cholesterol | Change in LDL-C | Change in VLDL-C | Change in HDL-C | |
| Insulin Detemir + Lira 1.8 | 0.05 | -0.03 | 0.01 | 0.05 |
| Lira 1.8 | 0.04 | -0.04 | 0.05 | 0.02 |
Cholesterol Lipids cover: Total Cholesterol, Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C), Very Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (VLDL-C), High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) (NCT00856986)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change in Total Cholesterol | Change in LDL-C | Change in VLDL-C | Change in HDL-C | |
| Insulin Detemir + Lira 1.8 | -0.03 | -0.1 | -0.03 | 0.07 |
| Lira 1.8 | -0.02 | -0.08 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
Change from baseline in HbA1c after 16 weeks of treatment (NCT00613951)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 16
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated haemoglobin (Mean) |
|---|---|
| SIAC 30 (B) | -1.79 |
| SIAC 45 (B) | -1.87 |
| BIAsp 30 | -1.84 |
Estimate of the overall mean of SMPG after 16 weeks of treatment. Plasma glucose measured: before breakfast, 120 minutes after start of breakfast, before lunch, 120 minutes after start of lunch, before dinner, 120 minutes after start of dinner, before bedtime, at 4 am and before breakfast. (NCT00613951)
Timeframe: Week 16
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| SIAC 30 (B) | 7.52 |
| SIAC 45 (B) | 7.44 |
| BIAsp 30 | 7.52 |
Laboratory values at screening (Week -4) and at Week 16 (NCT00613951)
Timeframe: Week -4, Week 16
| Intervention | IU/L (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week -4, N=60, 57, 62 | Week 16, N=54, 57, 53 | |
| BIAsp 30 | 36.9 | 23.6 |
| SIAC 30 (B) | 33.0 | 22.9 |
| SIAC 45 (B) | 31.4 | 22.5 |
Laboratory values at screening (Week -4) and at Week 16 (NCT00613951)
Timeframe: Week -4, Week 16
| Intervention | IU/L (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week -4, N=60, 56, 62 | Week 16, N=54, 57, 53 | |
| BIAsp 30 | 26.4 | 23.1 |
| SIAC 30 (B) | 23.6 | 22.6 |
| SIAC 45 (B) | 25.2 | 22.9 |
Laboratory values at screening (Week -4) and at Week 16 (NCT00613951)
Timeframe: Week -4, Week 16
| Intervention | umol/L (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week -4, N=60, 57, 62 | Week 16, N=56, 57, 56 | |
| BIAsp 30 | 74.8 | 78.1 |
| SIAC 30 (B) | 72.7 | 73.6 |
| SIAC 45 (B) | 75.8 | 76.3 |
Observed rate of major and minor hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure (PYE). Major if unable to treat her/himself. Minor if able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT00613951)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 16 + 5 days follow up
| Intervention | Episodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Major | Minor | |
| BIAsp 30 | 0 | 730 |
| SIAC 30 (B) | 0 | 287 |
| SIAC 45 (B) | 0 | 679 |
Rate of nocturnal major and minor hypoglycaemic episodes per 100 patient years of exposure (PYE). Major if unable to treat her/himself. Minor if able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose below 3.1 mmol/L. Episodes were defined as nocturnal if the time of onset was between 23:00 (included) and 05:59 (included). (NCT00613951)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 16 + 5 days follow up
| Intervention | Episodes/100 years of patient exposure (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Major | Minor | |
| BIAsp 30 | 0 | 108 |
| SIAC 30 (B) | 0 | 39 |
| SIAC 45 (B) | 0 | 79 |
Corresponds to rate of AEs per 100 patient years of exposure. Severity assessed by investigator. Mild: no or transient symptoms, no interference with subject's daily activities. Moderate: marked symptoms, moderate interference with subject's daily activities. Severe: considerable interference with subject's daily activities, unacceptable. Serious AE: AE that at any dose results in any of the following: death, a life-threatening experience, in-subject hospitalization/prolongation of existing hospitalisation, persistent/significant disability/incapacity/congenital anomaly/birth defect. (NCT00613951)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 16 + 5 days follow up
| Intervention | Events/100 years of patient exposure (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adverse events (AEs) | Serious AEs | Severe AEs | Moderate AEs | Mild AEs | Fatal AEs | |
| BIAsp 30 | 379 | 11 | 5 | 38 | 335 | 5 |
| SIAC 30 (B) | 298 | 0 | 0 | 56 | 242 | 0 |
| SIAC 45 (B) | 545 | 0 | 0 | 67 | 477 | 0 |
Values at baseline (Week 0) and at Week 16 (NCT00613951)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 16
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 0 (Baseline), N=60, 59, 62 | Week 16, N=58, 56, 58 | |
| BIAsp 30 | 81 | 76 |
| SIAC 30 (B) | 80 | 78 |
| SIAC 45 (B) | 81 | 79 |
Values at baseline (Week 0) and at Week 16 (NCT00613951)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 16
| Intervention | beats/minute (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 0 (Baseline), N=60, 59, 62 | Week 16, N=58, 56, 58 | |
| BIAsp 30 | 75 | 77 |
| SIAC 30 (B) | 74 | 73 |
| SIAC 45 (B) | 76 | 73 |
Values at baseline (Week 0) and at Week 16 (NCT00613951)
Timeframe: Week 0, Week 16
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Week 0 (Baseline), N=60, 59, 62 | Week 16, N=58, 56, 58 | |
| BIAsp 30 | 137 | 133 |
| SIAC 30 (B) | 134 | 128 |
| SIAC 45 (B) | 138 | 135 |
Change from baseline at Week 24 is defined as Week 24 minus Week 0. (NCT00813995)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -43.4 |
| Placebo | -10.0 |
Change from baseline at Week 24 is defined as Week 24 minus Week 0. (NCT00813995)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -20.3 |
| Placebo | 0.5 |
A1C is measured as percent. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 24 A1C percent minus the Week 0 A1C percent. (NCT00813995)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -1.02 |
| Placebo | -0.14 |
A1C is measured as percent. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 24 A1C percent minus the Week 0 A1C percent. (NCT00813995)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -0.84 |
| Placebo | -0.01 |
A1C is measured as percent. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 24 A1C percent minus the Week 0 A1C percent. (NCT00813995)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -1.14 |
| Placebo | -0.21 |
(NCT00751114)
Timeframe: baseline (week 0), study endpoint: visit 14 (week 24) or visit 12 (week 16) or visit 11 (week 12) or visit 8 (week 6) depending on last available value
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine | 0.44 |
| Sitagliptin | -1.08 |
(NCT00751114)
Timeframe: study endpoint: visit 14 (week 24) or visit 11 (week 12) if value not available at visit 14
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine | 40.2 |
| Sitagliptin | 16.9 |
(NCT00751114)
Timeframe: study endpoint: visit 14 (week 24) or visit 11 (week 12) if value not available at visit 14
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine | 67.9 |
| Sitagliptin | 41.9 |
Change in HbA1c from baseline to study endpoint defined as the last available HbA1c value measured during the 24-week treatment period. (NCT00751114)
Timeframe: baseline (week 0), study endpoint: visit 14 (week 24) or visit 11 (week 12) if value not available at visit 14
| Intervention | percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine | -1.72 |
| Sitagliptin | -1.13 |
Severe symptomatic hypoglycemia was defined as an event with clinical symptoms which required assistance of another person and with either a Plasma Glucose level < 36 mg/dL (2 mmol/L) or with a prompt recovery after oral carbohydrate, intravenous glucose, or glucagon administration (NCT00751114)
Timeframe: During the treatment phase (24 weeks) plus 7 days after last dose
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine | 3 |
| Sitagliptin | 1 |
Symptomatic hypoglycemia was defined as an event with clinical symptoms that were considered to result from hypoglycemia confirmed or not by a plasma glucose measurement <= 70mg/dL [3.9 mmol/L] (NCT00751114)
Timeframe: During the treatment phase (24 weeks) plus 7 days after last dose
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine | 108 |
| Sitagliptin | 35 |
"SMFPG mean = mean of the fasting plasma glucose values recorded on the 6 consecutive days before the visit (at least 3 values needed).~Study endpoint was defined as the last available SMFPG mean value collected on-treatment.~Change= study endpoint - baseline" (NCT00751114)
Timeframe: baseline (week 0), study endpoint: visit 14 (week 24) or visit 12 (week 16) or visit 11 (week 12) or visit 8 (week 6) depending on last available value
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Glargine | -60.52 |
| Sitagliptin | -19.35 |
"7-point plasma glucose recorded before and after breakfast, before and after lunch, before and after dinner and at bedtime.~Change = study endpoint - baseline." (NCT00751114)
Timeframe: baseline (week 0), study endpoint: visit 14 (week 24) or visit 11 (week 12) if value not available at visit 14
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before breakfast (N ig = 203 & N s = 226) | After breakfast (N ig = 202 & N s = 220) | Before lunch (N ig = 201 & N s = 223) | After lunch (N ig = 202 & N s = 226) | Before dinner (N ig = 199 & N s = 223) | After dinner (N ig = 196 & N s = 220) | At bedtime (N ig = 177 & N s = 210) | |
| Insulin Glargine | -59.90 | -66.25 | -48.00 | -45.54 | -40.68 | -45.88 | -45.58 |
| Sitagliptin | -20.39 | -36.41 | -19.82 | -26.10 | -25.07 | -33.78 | -31.16 |
Daily dose at the face-to-face visits. (NCT00751114)
Timeframe: visit 4 (week 2), visit 8 (week 6), visit 11 (week 12), visit 12 (week 16), visit 14 (week 24), first dose received defined as first available value, study endpoint defined as last available value
| Intervention | unit per kg body weight (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First dose received N=236 | Visit 4 (week 2) N=230 | Visit 8 (week 6) N=222 | Visit 11 (week 12) N=219 | Visit 12 (week 16) N=214 | Visit 14 (week 24) N=220 | Study endpoint N=237 | |
| Insulin Glargine | 0.19 | 0.27 | 0.38 | 0.45 | 0.48 | 0.50 | 0.49 |
(NCT00751114)
Timeframe: baseline (week 0), study endpoint: visit 14 (week 24) or visit 11 (week 12) if value not available at visit 14
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change in Total Cholesterol | Change in LDL Cholesterol | Change in HDL Cholesterol | Change in Triglycerides | |
| Insulin Glargine | -7.94 | -3.68 | 0.13 | -34.07 |
| Sitagliptin | -1.54 | -0.19 | 0.57 | 0.31 |
Change from baseline at Week 18 is defined as Week 18 minus Week 0 (NCT00350779)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 18
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -59.9 |
| Placebo | -22.0 |
Change from baseline at Week 54 is defined as Week 54 minus Week 0. (NCT00350779)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -50.7 |
| Placebo | -16.6 |
Change from baseline at Week 18 is defined as Week 18 minus Week 0 (NCT00350779)
Timeframe: Baseline and 18 Weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -30.7 |
| Placebo | -11.7 |
Change from baseline at Week 54 is defined as Week 54 minus Week 0 (NCT00350779)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -28.0 |
| Placebo | -10.7 |
HbA1c is measured as a percent. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 18 HbA1c percent minus the Week 0 HbA1c percent. (NCT00350779)
Timeframe: Baseline and 18 Weeks
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -1.03 |
| Placebo | -0.31 |
HbA1c is measured as a percent. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 54 HbA1c percent minus the Week 0 HbA1c percent. (NCT00350779)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 54
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -1.05 |
| Placebo | -0.28 |
This change from baseline reflects the Week 104 2 hr PPG minus the Baseline 2hr PPG. Means are treatment adjusted for baseline HbA1c, baseline 2hr PPG and number of previous anti-diabetic medications. (NCT00622284)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 104
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin | -28.47 |
| Glimepiride | -18.72 |
This key secondary endpoint, change from baseline, reflects the Week 104 body weight minus the baseline body weight. Means are treatment adjusted for baseline HbA1c, baseline weight and the number of previous antidiabetic-medications. (NCT00622284)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 104
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin | -1.39 |
| Glimepiride | 1.29 |
This key secondary endpoint, change from baseline, reflects the Week 52 body weight minus the baseline body weight. Means are treatment adjusted for baseline HbA1c, baseline weight and the number of previous antidiabetic-medications. (NCT00622284)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 52
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin | -1.12 |
| Glimepiride | 1.38 |
(NCT00622284)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 104
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin | 0 |
| Glimepiride | 1 |
(NCT00622284)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 104
| Intervention | mg/dl (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin | 1 |
| Glimepiride | 0 |
(NCT00622284)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 104
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin | 1 |
| Glimepiride | 3 |
(NCT00622284)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 104
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin | -11 |
| Glimepiride | -7 |
This change from baseline reflects the Week 104 FPG minus the Baseline FPG. Means are treatment adjusted for baseline HbA1c, baseline FPG and number of previous anti-diabetic medications. (NCT00622284)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 104
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin | -2.34 |
| Glimepiride | -8.72 |
This change from baseline reflects the Week 52 FPG minus the Baseline FPG. Means are treatment adjusted for baseline HbA1c, baseline FPG and the number of previous anti-diabetic medications. (NCT00622284)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 52
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin | -8.40 |
| Glimepiride | -15.24 |
The Full Analysis Set (FAS) included all treated and randomized patients with a baseline and at least one on-treatment HbA1c measurement available during the first phase of the study. Last observation carried forward (LOCF) was used as imputation rule. (NCT00622284)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 104
| Intervention | Percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin | -0.21 |
| Glimepiride | -0.41 |
(NCT00622284)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 12
| Intervention | Percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin | -0.43 |
| Glimepiride | -0.75 |
(NCT00622284)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 16
| Intervention | Percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin | -0.45 |
| Glimepiride | -0.78 |
(NCT00622284)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 28
| Intervention | Percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin | -0.43 |
| Glimepiride | -0.74 |
Difference of base percent value [Week x(%) - baseline (%)] (NCT00622284)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 4
| Intervention | Percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin | -0.26 |
| Glimepiride | -0.33 |
(NCT00622284)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 40
| Intervention | Percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin | -0.42 |
| Glimepiride | -0.69 |
(NCT00622284)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 52
| Intervention | Percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin | -0.41 |
| Glimepiride | -0.63 |
(NCT00622284)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 65
| Intervention | Percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin | -0.32 |
| Glimepiride | -0.53 |
(NCT00622284)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 78
| Intervention | Percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin | -0.22 |
| Glimepiride | -0.43 |
(NCT00622284)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 8
| Intervention | Percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin | -0.37 |
| Glimepiride | -0.58 |
(NCT00622284)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 91
| Intervention | Percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin | -0.21 |
| Glimepiride | -0.43 |
This co-primary endpoint, change from baseline, reflects the Week 104 HbA1c percent minus the baseline HbA1c percent. Means are treatment adjusted for baseline HbA1c and the number of previous anti-diabetic medications. (NCT00622284)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 104
| Intervention | Percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin | -0.16 |
| Glimepiride | -0.36 |
This co-primary endpoint, change from baseline, reflects the Week 52 HbA1c percent minus the baseline HbA1c percent. Means are treatment adjusted for baseline HbA1c and the number of previous anti-diabetic medications. (NCT00622284)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 52
| Intervention | Percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin | -0.36 |
| Glimepiride | -0.57 |
A hypoglycaemic event is defined as patient showing clinical signs suggestive of low blood glucose confirmed by a HBGM of below 55 mg/dl (3.1 mmol/L) (NCT00622284)
Timeframe: Week 104
| Intervention | Patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin | 58 |
| Glimepiride | 280 |
A hypoglycaemic event is defined as patient showing clinical signs suggestive of low blood glucose confirmed by a home blood glucose monitoring (HBGM) of below 55 mg/dl (3.1 mmol/L) (NCT00622284)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | Patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin | 41 |
| Glimepiride | 249 |
The percentage of patients with an HbA1c value below 6.5% at week 104, based upon patients with baseline HbA1c >= 6.5%. If a patient did not have an HbA1c value at week 104 they were considered a failure, so HbA1c >= 6.5%. The logistic regression is treatment adjusted for baseline HbA1c and number of previous anti-diabetic medications. (NCT00622284)
Timeframe: Week 104
| Intervention | Percentage of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin | 10.9 |
| Glimepiride | 14.7 |
The percentage of patients with an HbA1c value below 6.5% at week 52, based upon patients with baseline HbA1c >= 6.5%. If a patient did not have an HbA1c value at week 52 they were considered a failure, so HbA1c >= 6.5%. The logistic regression is treatment adjusted for baseline HbA1c and number of previous anti-diabetic medications. (NCT00622284)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | Percentage of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin | 16.9 |
| Glimepiride | 22.7 |
The percentage of patients with an HbA1c value below 7.0% at week 104, based upon patients with baseline HbA1c >= 7%. If a patient did not have an HbA1c value at week 104 they were considered a failure, so HbA1c >= 7.0%. The logistic regression is treatment adjusted for baseline HbA1c and number of previous anti-diabetic medications. (NCT00622284)
Timeframe: Week 104
| Intervention | Percentage of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin | 21.0 |
| Glimepiride | 28.3 |
The percentage of patients with an HbA1c value below 7.0% at week 52, based upon patients with baseline HbA1c >= 7%. If a patient did not have an HbA1c value at week 52 they were considered a failure, so HbA1c >= 7.0%. The logistic regression is treatment adjusted for baseline HbA1c and number of previous anti-diabetic medications. (NCT00622284)
Timeframe: Week 52
| Intervention | Percentage of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin | 29.6 |
| Glimepiride | 38.9 |
Occurrence of relative efficacy response, defined as a lowering of 0.5% HbA1c at week 104 (NCT00622284)
Timeframe: Week 104
| Intervention | Percentage of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Linagliptin | 26.2 |
| Glimepiride | 33.5 |
8-Iso Prostaglandin F2α (8-iso PGF2α) excretion rate measured during the 24 hours preceding the CGM system removal. The nocturnal glycemia measured by CGM system will be defined as the average of glycemic values collected between midnight and breakfast time. (NCT00318656)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 12 weeks | |
| Avandamet® (Rosiglitazone/Metformin) | 361.9 | 373.5 |
| Glimepiride/Metformin | 325.1 | 320.4 |
Continuous Glycemic Monitoring System, Medtronic (CGMS®) System Gold downloads data to a computer for evaluation of glucose variations. (NCT00318656)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | Hours (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 12 weeks | |
| Avandamet® (Rosiglitazone/Metformin) | 17.31 | 15.30 |
| Glimepiride/Metformin | 17.53 | 10.83 |
Continuous Glycemic Monitoring System, Medtronic (CGMS®) System Gold downloads data to a computer for evaluation of glucose variations. (NCT00318656)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | Hours (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 12 weeks | |
| Avandamet® (Rosiglitazone/Metformin) | 0.51 | 0.14 |
| Glimepiride/Metformin | 0 | 0.08 |
Continuous Glycemic Monitoring System, Medtronic (CGMS®) System Gold downloads data to a computer for evaluation of glucose variations. (NCT00318656)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | Hours (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 12 weeks | |
| Avandamet® (Rosiglitazone/Metformin) | 0.85 | 0.64 |
| Glimepiride/Metformin | 0.24 | 0.41 |
Continuous Glycemic Monitoring System, Medtronic (CGMS®) System Gold downloads data to a computer for evaluation of glucose variations. (NCT00318656)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | Hours (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 12 weeks | |
| Avandamet® (Rosiglitazone/Metformin) | 11.28 | 6.39 |
| Glimepiride/Metformin | 12.35 | 4.23 |
Continuous Glycemic Monitoring System, Medtronic (CGMS®) System Gold downloads data to a computer for evaluation of glucose variations. (NCT00318656)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | Episodes (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 12 weeks | |
| Avandamet® (Rosiglitazone/Metformin) | 3.91 | 5.36 |
| Glimepiride/Metformin | 4.05 | 5.90 |
Continuous Glycemic Monitoring System, Medtronic (CGMS®) System Gold downloads data to a computer for evaluation of glucose variations. (NCT00318656)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | Episodes (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 12 weeks | |
| Avandamet® (Rosiglitazone/Metformin) | 0.50 | 0.14 |
| Glimepiride/Metformin | 0 | 0.1 |
Continuous Glycemic Monitoring System, Medtronic (CGMS®) System Gold downloads data to a computer for evaluation of glucose variations. (NCT00318656)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | Episodes (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 12 weeks | |
| Avandamet® (Rosiglitazone/Metformin) | 0.64 | 0.50 |
| Glimepiride/Metformin | 0.30 | 0.80 |
Continuous Glycemic Monitoring System, Medtronic (CGMS®) System Gold downloads data to a computer for evaluation of glucose variations. (NCT00318656)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | Episodes (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 12 weeks | |
| Avandamet® (Rosiglitazone/Metformin) | 4.00 | 5.00 |
| Glimepiride/Metformin | 3.55 | 2.95 |
Continuous Glycemic Monitoring System, Medtronic (CGMS®) System Gold downloads data to a computer for evaluation of glucose variations. The concentrations of glucose will be assessed from the AUC calculations on glycaemic values measured by CGM system. (NCT00318656)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 12 weeks | |
| Avandamet® (Rosiglitazone/Metformin) | 905.6 | 534.5 |
| Glimepiride/Metformin | 850.1 | 355.0 |
"Continuous Glycemic Monitoring System, Medtronic (CGMS®) System Gold downloads data to a computer for evaluation of glucose variations.The glycemia at dawn measured by CGM system will be defined as the average of glycemic values recorded between 4 AM and breakfast time." (NCT00318656)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 12 weeks | |
| Avandamet® (Rosiglitazone/Metformin) | 145.0 | 130.6 |
| Glimepiride/Metformin | 138.6 | 124.7 |
Continuous Glycemic Monitoring System, Medtronic (CGMS®) System Gold downloads data to a computer for evaluation of glucose variations.The diurnal glycemia measured by CGM system will be the average of glycemic values recorded between breakfast time and midnight. (NCT00318656)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 12 weeks | |
| Avandamet® (Rosiglitazone/Metformin) | 162.1 | 139.1 |
| Glimepiride/Metformin | 158.7 | 130.13 |
Calculation of the Mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE) was obtained by measuring the arithmetic mean of the major glucose concentration increases or decreases on days 2 and 3 of glycaemic profile and then averaging results on the two days. (NCT00318656)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 12 weeks | |
| Avandamet® (Rosiglitazone/Metformin) | 75.1 | 44.2 |
| Glimepiride/Metformin | 61.6 | 50.8 |
Continuous Glycemic Monitoring System, Medtronic (CGMS®) System Gold downloads data to a computer for evaluation of glucose variations.The nocturnal glycemia measured by CGM system will be defined as the average of glycemic values collected between midnight and breakfast time. (NCT00318656)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 12 weeks | |
| Avandamet® (Rosiglitazone/Metformin) | 148.4 | 130.2 |
| Glimepiride/Metformin | 140.4 | 126.3 |
Continuous Glycemic Monitoring System, Medtronic (CGMS®) System Gold downloads data to a computer for evaluation of glucose variations. The concentrations of glucose will be assessed from the AUC calculations on glycaemic values measured by CGM system. (NCT00318656)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 12 weeks | |
| Avandamet® (Rosiglitazone/Metformin) | 522.8 | 356.9 |
| Glimepiride/Metformin | 443.0 | 362.7 |
Continuous Glycemic Monitoring System, Medtronic (CGMS®) System Gold downloads data to a computer for evaluation of glucose variations. The concentrations of glucose will be assessed from the AUC calculations on glycaemic values measured by CGM system. (NCT00318656)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 12 weeks | |
| Avandamet® (Rosiglitazone/Metformin) | 1428.2 | 891.4 |
| Glimepiride/Metformin | 1293.1 | 717.7 |
Uncontrolled HbA1c>8.5%. HbA1c and fasting blood glucose taken at hospital (NCT00318656)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 12 weeks | |
| Avandamet® (Rosiglitazone/Metformin) | 7.8 | 7.4 |
| Glimepiride/Metformin | 7.7 | 7.1 |
This change from baseline reflects the Week 18 FPG minus the Week 0 FPG. Means are adjusted for baseline FPG, baseline HbA1c, prior OADs and reason for metformin intolerance (Interim Analysis). (NCT00740051)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 18
| Intervention | mg/dl (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 7.2 |
| Linagliptin | -13.3 |
HbA1c is measured as a percentage. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 18 HbA1c percent minus the Week 0 HbA1c percent. Means are adjusted for baseline HbA1c, prior OADs and reason for metformin intolerance. HbA1c is measured as a percentage. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 18 HbA1c percent minus the Week 0 HbA1c percent. Means are adjusted for baseline HbA1c, prior OADs and reason for metformin intolerance. The primary analysis was re-run at the completion of the study in the final study report. (NCT00740051)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 18
| Intervention | percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.21 |
| Linagliptin | -0.39 |
HbA1c is measured as a percentage. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 18 HbA1c percent minus the Week 0 HbA1c percent. Means are adjusted for baseline HbA1c, prior OADs and reason for metformin intolerance. (NCT00740051)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 18
| Intervention | percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.14 |
| Linagliptin | -0.44 |
Odds ratios are adjusted for baseline HbA1c, prior OADs and reason for metformin intolerance. (NCT00740051)
Timeframe: Week 18
| Intervention | percent of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 17.8 |
| Linagliptin | 36.1 |
Odds ratios are adjusted for baseline HbA1c, prior OADs and reason for metformin intolerance. (NCT00740051)
Timeframe: Week 18
| Intervention | percent of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 2.9 |
| Linagliptin | 8.9 |
Odds ratios are adjusted for baseline HbA1c, prior OADs and reason for metformin intolerance. (NCT00740051)
Timeframe: Week 18
| Intervention | percent of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 11.8 |
| Linagliptin | 23.5 |
This change from baseline reflects the FPG (at weeks 6, 12, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34, 40, 46, 52) minus the Week 0 FPG. (NCT00740051)
Timeframe: Baseline and weeks 6,12,18, 22, 26, 30, 34, 40, 46, 52
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline at week 6 (N=63, 134) | Change from baseline at week 12 (N=55,92) | Change from baseline at week 18 (N=47, 115) | Change from baseline at week 22 (N=46, 110) | Change from baseline at week 26 (N=50, 108) | Change from baseline at week 30 (N=48, 95) | Change from baseline at week 34 (N=48, 95) | Change from baseline at week 40 (N=47, 92) | Change from baseline at week 46 (N=47, 92) | Change from baseline at week 52 (N=43, 86) | |
| Linagliptin | -8.4 | -14.3 | -12.9 | -14.0 | -17.0 | -19.1 | -15.8 | -19.0 | -18.1 | -14.0 |
| Placebo/Glimepiride | 9.7 | 5.4 | 5.0 | -19.3 | -22.6 | -31.4 | -25.6 | -19.5 | -22.8 | -19.1 |
HbA1c is measured as a percentage. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the HbA1c percent (at weeks 6, 12, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34, 40, 46, 52) minus the Week 0 HbA1c percent. (NCT00740051)
Timeframe: Baseline and weeks 6,12, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34, 40, 46, 52
| Intervention | percent (Mean) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline at week 6 (N=64, 136) | Change from baseline at week 12 (N=57, 129) | Change from baseline at week 18 (N=47, 118) | Change from baseline at week 22 (N=46, 113) | Change from baseline at week 26 (N=50, 110) | Change from baseline at week 30 (N=49, 98) | Change from baseline at week 34 (N=50, 96) | Change from baseline at week 40 (N=49, 94) | Change from baseline at week 46 (N=45, 92) | Change from baseline at week 52 (N=45, 92) | |
| Linagliptin | -0.21 | -0.43 | -0.38 | -0.40 | -0.48 | -0.49 | -0.49 | -0.45 | -0.42 | -0.44 |
| Placebo/Glimepiride | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.10 | -0.32 | -0.53 | -0.79 | -0.75 | -0.73 | -0.78 | -0.72 |
(NCT01006590)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 weeks
| Intervention | Percent (%) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin | -0.47 |
| Metformin Uptitration | -0.38 |
(NCT01006590)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 weeks
| Intervention | Percent (%) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin | 4.70 |
| Metformin Uptitration | 2.34 |
(NCT01006590)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 weeks
| Intervention | microUnit/milliLiter (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin | -1.9 |
| Metformin Uptitration | -2.3 |
(NCT01006590)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 weeks
| Intervention | millimol/Liter (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin | -1.07 |
| Metformin Uptitration | -1.14 |
Proportion, percentage of patients in each treatment group, achieving therapeutic response, HbA1c below or equal to 6.5 percent (NCT01006590)
Timeframe: 24 Weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin | 20.5 |
| Metformin Uptitration | 16.8 |
Proportion, percentage of patients in each treatment group, achieving therapeutic response, HbA1c below 7.0 percent (NCT01006590)
Timeframe: 24 Weeks
| Intervention | Percentage of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Saxagliptin | 43.8 |
| Metformin Uptitration | 35.0 |
Change in body weight from baseline to endpoint (NCT00753896)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | -1.50 |
Change in fasting serum glucose from baseline to endpoint (NCT00753896)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | -1.59 |
Change in HbA1c from baseline to endpoint (NCT00753896)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52
| Intervention | percentage of total hemoglobin (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | -0.78 |
Change in HDL from baseline to endpoint (NCT00753896)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | 0.04 |
Change in Total Cholesterol from baseline to endpoint (NCT00753896)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | -0.18 |
Change in Triglycerides from baseline to endpoint (NCT00753896)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | -0.19 |
Percentage of patients achieving HbA1c <=6.5% at endpoint (for patients with HbA1c >6.5% at baseline) (NCT00753896)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52
| Intervention | percentage of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | 54.2 |
Percentage of patients achieving HbA1c <=7% at endpoint (for patients with HbA1c >7% at baseline) (NCT00753896)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52
| Intervention | percentage of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | 68.8 |
Percentage of patients experiencing treatment-emergent adverse events over 52 weeks (NCT00753896)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52
| Intervention | percentage of patients (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Once Weekly | 73.1 |
Major hypoglycemia: any episode with symptoms consistent with hypoglycemia that resulted in loss of consciousness or seizure with prompt recovery in response to administration of glucagon or glucose OR documented hypoglycemia (blood glucose <3.0 mmol/L [54 mg/dL]) and required the assistance of another person. Minor hypoglycemia: any sign or symptom associated with hypoglycemia that is either self-treated by the patient or resolves on its own AND has a concurrent finger stick blood glucose <3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL) and not classified as major hypoglycemia. Mean event rate = total number of events for all subjects in a treatment regimen / the total number of subject years of exposure for all subjects in that treatment. Standard error = square root of (total number of events / (subject years of exposure)**2). (NCT00753896)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52
| Intervention | events per subject-year (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Major Hypoglycemia | Minor Hypoglycemia | |
| Exenatide Once Weekly | 0.00 | 0.02 |
Change in Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure from baseline to endpoint (NCT00753896)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 52
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Systolic Blood Pressure | Diastolic Blood Pressure | |
| Exenatide Once Weekly | -1.69 | -0.19 |
(NCT00835861)
Timeframe: Baseline throughout pregnancy until last prenatal visit.
| Intervention | kg/week (Median) |
|---|---|
| Metformin | 0.28 |
| Insulin | 0.30 |
Resuscitation in the delivery room, preterm birth < 37 weeks, neonatal intensive care unit care, birth injury or diagnosis of neonatal complication, glucose infusion, antibiotics, or phototherapy. (NCT00835861)
Timeframe: Delivery until hospital discharge
| Intervention | number of babies (Number) |
|---|---|
| Metformin | 4 |
| Insulin | 7 |
Initial neonatal glucose < 40 mg/dL (NCT00835861)
Timeframe: Time of delivery through hospital discharge
| Intervention | Number of babies (Number) |
|---|---|
| Metformin | 2 |
| Insulin | 0 |
Maternal glucose < 60 mg/dL (NCT00835861)
Timeframe: Baseline throughout pregnancy until time of delivery
| Intervention | Number of episodes (Number) |
|---|---|
| Metformin | 1 |
| Insulin | 7 |
Maternal complications were stillbirths, major malformations, shoulder dystocia, or postpartum hemorrhage requiring transfusion. (NCT00835861)
Timeframe: Throughout pregnancy until hospital discharge following delivery.
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Metformin | 0 |
| Insulin | 0 |
Patients self monitored glucose measures throughout pregnancy to aid glycemic control. Fasting morning measures and postprandial measures were taken at 1 hour after breakfast, lunch, and dinner. (NCT00835861)
Timeframe: Daily fasting and 1-hr post prandial measures were taken from time of enrollment until delivery
| Intervention | mg/dL (Median) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fasting throughout enrollment | Fasting 18-20 weeks | Fasting 28-30 weeks | Fasting 36-38 weeks | Postprandial throughout enrollment | Postprandial 18-20 weeks | Postprandial 28-30 weeks | Postprandial 36-38 weeks | |
| Insulin | 95.04 | 92.38 | 90.64 | 85.18 | 128.62 | 120.46 | 126.45 | 125.25 |
| Metformin | 97.38 | 97.00 | 92.43 | 89.49 | 120.40 | 118.40 | 119.00 | 122.59 |
(NCT00835861)
Timeframe: 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimester
| Intervention | percentage of glycosolated hemoglobin (Median) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st trimester | 2nd trimester | 3rd trimester | |
| Insulin | 6.2 | 5.5 | 5.6 |
| Metformin | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.9 |
NUMBER OF ASSESSMENTS OF FASTING GLUCOSE VALUES <95 (NCT00835861)
Timeframe: Baseline throughout pregnancy until time of delivery
| Intervention | percent of glucose values (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Throughout enrollment; n=1634, 1432 | 18-20 weeks; n=148, 259 | 28-30 weeks; n=253, 201 | 36-38 weeks; n=115, 83 | |
| Insulin | 58 | 64 | 62 | 96 |
| Metformin | 48 | 42 | 64 | 76 |
NUMBER OF ASSESSMENTS OF POSTPRANDIAL GLUCOSE VALUES <130 (NCT00835861)
Timeframe: Baseline throughout pregnancy until time of delivery
| Intervention | percent of glucose values (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Throughout enrollment; n=4195, 3796 | 18-20 weeks; n=368, 428 | 28-30 weeks; n=652, 559 | 36-38 weeks; n=272,228 | |
| Insulin | 61 | 67 | 58 | 65 |
| Metformin | 69 | 72 | 71 | 66 |
The area under the plasma glucose concentration time curve (GLU-AUC0:30-4:30h) was calculated using the linear trapezoidal rule from time of breakfast start (30 minutes after study drug administration [time: 0.5 hours] on Day 28) to 4 hours after breakfast start (time: 4.5 hours) and corrected by subtracting pre-breakfast plasma glucose concentration (time: 0.5 hours). GLU-AUC0:30-4:30h on Day -1 was the baseline. Change in GLU-AUC0:30-4:30h = GLU-AUC0:30-4:30h on Day 28 minus GLU-AUC0:30-4:30h on Day -1. (NCT01175473)
Timeframe: 0.5 (8:00 clock time; prior to standardized breakfast), 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 hours on Day -1 (baseline), 0.5 (prior to standardized breakfast), 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 hours post study drug administration on Day 28
| Intervention | h*mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide | -227.25 |
| Liraglutide | -72.83 |
The area under the C-peptide concentration time curve (AUC0:30-4:30h) was calculated using the linear trapezoidal rule from time of breakfast start (30 minutes after study drug administration [time: 0.5 hours] on Day 28) to 4 hours after breakfast start (time: 4.5 hours) and corrected by subtracting pre-breakfast C-peptide concentration (time: 0.5 hours). C-peptide AUC0:30-4:30h on Day -1 was the baseline. Change in C-peptide AUC0:30-4:30h = C-peptide AUC0:30-4:30h on Day 28 minus C-peptide AUC0:30-4:30h on Day -1. (NCT01175473)
Timeframe: 0.5 (8:00 clock time; prior to standardized breakfast), 1, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 hours on Day -1 (baseline), 0.5 (prior to standardized breakfast), 1, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 hours post study drug administration on Day 28
| Intervention | h*ng/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide | -5.03 |
| Liraglutide | 1.04 |
The area under the glucagon concentration time curve (AUC0:30-4:30h) was calculated using the linear trapezoidal rule from time of breakfast start (30 minutes after study drug administration [time: 0.5 hours] on Day 28) to 4 hours after breakfast start (time: 4.5 hours) and corrected by subtracting pre-breakfast glucagon concentration (time: 0.5 hours). Glucagon AUC0:30-4:30h on Day -1 was the baseline. Change in glucagon AUC0:30-4:30h = glucagon AUC0:30-4:30h on Day 28 minus glucagon AUC0:30-4:30h on Day -1. (NCT01175473)
Timeframe: 0.5 (8:00 clock time; prior to standardized breakfast), 1, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 hours on Day -1 (baseline), 0.5 (prior to standardized breakfast), 1, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 hours post study drug administration on Day 28
| Intervention | h*pg/mL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide | -46.71 |
| Liraglutide | -25.28 |
Change = HbA1c value at Day 29 (24 hours post-dose on Day 28) minus HbA1c value at baseline (pre-dose [Hour 0] on Day 1). (NCT01175473)
Timeframe: Pre-dose (Hour 0) on Day 1 and 29 (that is, 24 hours post-dose on Day 28)
| Intervention | percentage of hemoglobin (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide | -0.32 |
| Liraglutide | -0.45 |
The area under the insulin concentration time curve (AUC0:30-4:30h) was calculated using the linear trapezoidal rule from time of breakfast start (30 minutes after study drug administration [time: 0.5 hours] on Day 28) to 4 hours after breakfast start (time: 4.5 hours) and corrected by subtracting pre-breakfast insulin concentration (time: 0.5 hours). Insulin AUC0:30-4:30h on Day -1 was the baseline. Change in insulin AUC0:30-4:30h = insulin AUC0:30-4:30h on Day 28 minus insulin AUC0:30-4:30h on Day -1. (NCT01175473)
Timeframe: 0.5 (8:00 clock time; prior to standardized breakfast), 1, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 hours on Day -1 (baseline), 0.5 (prior to standardized breakfast), 1, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 hours post study drug administration on Day 28
| Intervention | hour*micro international unit/milliliter (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide | -64.22 |
| Liraglutide | 5.34 |
PPG excursion was determined on Day -1 (Baseline) and 28 as the maximum change in PPG from time of breakfast start (time: 0.5 hours) until 4 hours later subtracted from pre-meal plasma concentration. (NCT01175473)
Timeframe: 0.5 (8:00 clock time; prior to standardized breakfast), 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 hours on Day -1 (baseline), 0.5 (prior to standardized breakfast), 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 hours post study drug administration on Day 28
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide | -70.43 |
| Liraglutide | -24.93 |
The area under the pro-insulin concentration time curve (AUC0:30-4:30h) was calculated using the linear trapezoidal rule from time of breakfast start (30 minutes after study drug administration [time: 0.5 hours] on Day 28) to 4 hours after breakfast start (time: 4.5 hours) and corrected by subtracting pre-breakfast pro-insulin concentration (time: 0.5 hours). Pro-insulin AUC0:30-4:30h on Day -1 was the baseline. Change in pro-insulin AUC0:30-4:30h = pro-insulin AUC0:30-4:30h on Day 28 minus pro-insulin AUC0:30-4:30h on Day -1. (NCT01175473)
Timeframe: 0.5 (8:00 clock time; prior to standardized breakfast), 1, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 hours on Day -1 (baseline), 0.5 (prior to standardized breakfast), 1, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 hours post study drug administration on Day 28
| Intervention | hour*micro international unit/milliliter (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Lixisenatide | -1.27 |
| Liraglutide | -2.47 |
Change was calculated by subtracting time-matched baseline value from Day 28 value. Baseline value was the Day -1 time-matched obestatin assessment. (NCT01175473)
Timeframe: 0.5 (8:00 clock time; prior to standardized breakfast), 2.5, 4.5 hours on Day -1 (baseline), 0.5 (prior to standardized breakfast), 2.5, 4.5 hours post study drug administration on Day 28
| Intervention | nmol/L (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Change at Day 28: 0.5 h | Change at Day 28: 2.5 h | Change at Day 28: 4.5 h | |
| Liraglutide | 0.02 | 0.01 | -0.01 |
| Lixisenatide | 0.04 | 0.03 | -0.01 |
Change was calculated by subtracting time-matched baseline value from Day 28 value. Baseline value was the Day -1 time-matched PYY-36 assessment. (NCT01175473)
Timeframe: 0.5 (8:00 clock time; prior to standardized breakfast), 2.5, 4.5 hours on Day -1 (baseline), 0.5 (prior to standardized breakfast), 2.5, 4.5 hours post study drug administration on Day 28
| Intervention | pmol/L (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Change at Day 28: 0.5 h | Change at Day 28: 2.5 h | Change at Day 28: 4.5 h | |
| Liraglutide | -0.79 | -3.14 | -2.47 |
| Lixisenatide | 0.02 | -7.09 | -8.33 |
Percentage of patients with oxyntomodulin level less than or equal to (<=) limit of detection (LOD), above limit of quantification (LOQ) and between LOD and LOQ were reported. The LOD and LOQ values for oxyntomodulin were 70 and 200 picogram per milliliter (pg/mL) respectively. (NCT01175473)
Timeframe: 0.5 (8:00 clock time; prior to standardized breakfast), 2.5, 4.5 hours on Day -1 (baseline), 0.5 (prior to standardized breakfast), 2.5, 4.5 hours post study drug administration on Day 28
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day -1, 0.5 h: <=LOD (n = 75, 68) | Day -1, 0.5 h: LOD-LOQ (n = 75, 68) | Day -1, 0.5 h: >LOQ (n = 75, 68) | Day -1, 2.5 h: <=LOD (n = 75, 68) | Day -1, 2.5 h: LOD-LOQ (n = 75, 68) | Day -1, 2.5 h: >LOQ (n = 75, 68) | Day -1, 4.5 h: <=LOD (n = 75, 68) | Day -1, 4.5 h: LOD-LOQ (n = 75, 68) | Day -1, 4.5 h: >LOQ (n = 75, 68) | Day 28, 0.5 h: <=LOD (n = 75, 68) | Day 28, 0.5 h: LOD-LOQ (n = 75, 68) | Day 28, 0.5 h: >LOQ (n = 75, 68) | Day 28, 2.5 h: <=LOD (n = 74, 68) | Day 28, 2.5 h: LOD-LOQ (n = 74, 68) | Day 28, 2.5 h: >LOQ (n = 74, 68) | Day 28, 4.5 h: <=LOD (n = 75, 68) | Day 28, 4.5 h: LOD-LOQ (n = 75, 68) | Day 28, 4.5 h: >LOQ (n = 75, 68) | |
| Liraglutide | 20.6 | 55.9 | 23.5 | 8.8 | 23.5 | 67.6 | 11.8 | 39.7 | 48.5 | 30.9 | 51.5 | 17.6 | 16.2 | 48.5 | 35.3 | 20.6 | 52.9 | 26.5 |
| Lixisenatide | 33.3 | 49.3 | 17.3 | 12.0 | 25.3 | 62.7 | 17.3 | 34.7 | 48.0 | 38.7 | 40.0 | 21.3 | 52.7 | 32.4 | 14.9 | 52.0 | 33.3 | 14.7 |
The ability of serum HDL to remove cholesterol from cultured cells will be assessed as an in vitro method to evaluate a functional changes in HDL mediated by changes due to pioglitazone treatment. Cells were incubated with 2% serum from each study subject diluted in culture medium and incubations were performed for a total of 4 hours. Cholesterol efflux was calculated as the percent of cholesterol removed from the cells and appearing in the culture medium normalized to a reference serum pool as described in detail by de la Llera-Moya et al (de la Llera-Moya M, Drazul-Schrader D, Asztalos BF, Cuchel M, Rader DJ, Rothblat GH. The ability to promote efflux via ABCA1 determines the capacity of serum specimens with similar high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to remove cholesterol from macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010 Apr;30(4):796-801. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.199158. PMID: 20075420). (NCT01156597)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
| Intervention | Ratio (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pioglitazone Group | 1.02 |
| Comparator Group | 1.05 |
Lipoproteins will be isolated and analyzed using the gradient ultracentrifugation-high pressure liquid chromatography technique to isolate very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), LDL, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions. Protein and lipid compositions of HDL is determined (NCT01156597)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HDL-apoAI at end point | HDL-apoAII at end point | HDL-apoCI at end point | HDL-apoCII at end point | HDL-apoCIII at end point | HDL-apoM at end point | |
| Comparator Group | 65.7 | 22.6 | 8.4 | 2.8 | 12.5 | 0.43 |
| Pioglitazone Group | 65.0 | 26.6 | 10.9 | 3.5 | 11.8 | 0.62 |
"The primary endpoint will be increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased triglycerides measured as the difference after 12 or 24 weeks of treatment from baseline levels. The data are expressed as the percent change from the baseline value and calculated using he equation:~Change=[100%*(Endpoint value - Baseline Value)/Baseline Value]" (NCT01156597)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
| Intervention | % Change (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| % Change in HDL cholesterol at 12 weeks | % Change in HDL cholesterol at 24 weeks | % Change in triglycerides at 12 weeks | % Change in triglycerides at 24 weeks | |
| Comparator Group | 2.7 | -1.5 | 7.4 | 19.7 |
| Pioglitazone Group | 7.9 | 15.7 | -10.9 | -15.4 |
Report quitting smoking for at least 24 hours during intervention (NCT03194958)
Timeframe: 6 months post-baseline
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Standard Quitline | 241 |
| Specialized Quitline | 219 |
| Standard Quitline With Basic Needs Navigator | 248 |
| Specialized Quitline With Basic Needs Navigator | 235 |
Report 7-day point prevalence abstinence measured at 3-months post-baseline (NCT03194958)
Timeframe: 3 months post-baseline
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Standard Quitline | 97 |
| Specialized Quitline | 104 |
| Standard Quitline With Basic Needs Navigator | 80 |
| Specialized Quitline With Basic Needs Navigator | 105 |
Report 7-day point prevalence abstinence measured at 6-months post --baseline (NCT03194958)
Timeframe: 6 months post-baseline
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Standard Quitline | 101 |
| Specialized Quitline | 90 |
| Standard Quitline With Basic Needs Navigator | 74 |
| Specialized Quitline With Basic Needs Navigator | 103 |
A comparison between the ramelteon group and the placebo group of change in abdominal fat measured by a DEXA scan, assessed at Baseline and Week 8. (NCT00595504)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | g (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ramelteon | 3934.86 |
| Placebo (Sugar Pill) | 5120.92 |
A comparison between the ramelteon group and the placebo group of change in insulin resistance measured by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), assessed at Baseline and Week 8. (NCT00595504)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | HOMA score (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ramelteon | 2.4 |
| Placebo (Sugar Pill) | 2.36 |
A comparison between the ramelteon group and the placebo group in change in waist circumference (measured in cm) measured at Baseline and Week 8. (NCT00595504)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | cm (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Ramelteon | 106.09 |
| Placebo (Sugar Pill) | 108.37 |
(NCT01082588)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 12
| Intervention | mg/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pravastatin | 0.8063 |
| Placebo | -0.5136 |
(NCT01082588)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 12
| Intervention | mg/dl (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pravastatin | -25.565 |
| Placebo | -2.913 |
"The Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery measures cognitive functioning within 7 domains: speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory (non verbal and verbal), verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning and problem solving and social cognition.~The composite score is calculated by the MATRICS computer program, which equally weights each of the 7 domain scores. The range of composite scores is 20-80. Higher scores indicate higher levels or cognitive functioning, while lower scores indicate lower levels of cognitive functioning." (NCT01082588)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 12
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pravastatin | 4.0417 |
| Placebo | 4.125 |
This is a subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The range for this subscale is 15-105. All items are summed to calculate the total score. Better outcomes have lower numbers and worse outcomes have higher numbers. (NCT01082588)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 12
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pravastatin | -5.625 |
| Placebo | -3.76 |
This is a subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The range for this subscale is 7-49. All items are summed to calculate the total score. Better outcomes have lower numbers and worse outcomes have higher numbers. (NCT01082588)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 12
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pravastatin | -0.83 |
| Placebo | -0.28 |
This is a subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The range for this subscale is 7-49. All items are summed to calculate the total score. Better outcomes have lower numbers and worse outcomes have higher numbers. (NCT01082588)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 12
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pravastatin | -2.9583 |
| Placebo | -2.44 |
The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) is a scale used to rate severity of schizophrenia. All items are summed to calculate the total score. The scale range is 30-210. Better outcomes have lower numbers and worse outcomes have higher numbers. (NCT01082588)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 12
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Pravastatin | -9.416 |
| Placebo | -6.48 |
All muscle samples obtained by 9/30/07, final date for examination of samples 9/30/08 Muscle dependent ability to diminish blood glucose levels during insulin treatment. (NCT00690755)
Timeframe: PKC-zeta mRNA levels and aPKC activity in muscle evaluated 40 minutes post-insulin treatment
| Intervention | arbitrary units/ng rRNA (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Group 1 | 1.76 |
| Group 3 | 3.58 |
| Group 4 | 2.14 |
| Group 6 | 2.22 |
users of the mail order pharmacy service - if they utilized the mail order system to deliver medications anytime in the 12 months following the date of outreach into the intervention (NCT02621476)
Timeframe: 12 months following the date of outreach into the intervention
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Standardized Intervention | 10.6 |
| Control | 9.3 |
Change from baseline at Week 24 is defined as PMG at Week 24 minus PMG at Week 0. (NCT00086515)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -62.0 |
| Placebo / Glipizide 5 mg | -11.4 |
"Change from baseline at Week 24 is defined as FPG at~Week 24 minus FPG at Week 0." (NCT00086515)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -16.9 |
| Placebo / Glipizide 5 mg | 8.5 |
"A1C is measured as a percent. Thus, this change from~baseline reflects the Week 24 A1C percent minus the Week 0 A1C percent." (NCT00086515)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 24
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -0.67 |
| Placebo / Glipizide 5 mg | -0.02 |
Percentage of patients in each arm who had HbA1c >7% at baseline and had HbA1c <=7% at week 52 (percentage = [number of subjects with HbA1c <=7% at week 52 divided by number of subjects with HbA1c >7% at baseline] * 100%). (NCT00082407)
Timeframe: 52 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | 31.7 |
| Biphasic Insulin Aspart Arm | 24.1 |
Percentage of patients who experienced at least one episode of hypoglycemia at any point during the 52 week Parent Study (incidence of hypoglycemia = number of patients who experienced at least one episode of hypoglycemia at any point during the 52 week Parent Study divided by the total number of patients who particiapted in the 52 week Parent Study (NCT00082407)
Timeframe: 52 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide Arm | 53.0 |
| Biphasic Insulin Aspart Arm | 51.6 |
Change in 7-point (pre-breakfast, after breakfast, pre-lunch, after lunch, pre-dinner, after dinner, 0300 hours) SMBG profile from baseline to week 52 (NCT00082407)
Timeframe: baseline, week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-breakfast: Baseline SMBG | Pre-breakfast: Change in SMBG at week 52 | After breakfast: Baseline SMBG | After breakfast: Change in SMBG at week 52 | Pre-lunch: Baseline SMBG | Pre-lunch: Change in SMBG at week 52 | After lunch: Baseline SMBG | After lunch: Change in SMBG at week 52 | Pre-dinner: Baseline SMBG | Pre-dinner: Change in SMBG at week 52 | After dinner: Baseline SMBG | After dinner: Change in SMBG at week 52 | 3:00 AM: Baseline SMBG | 3:00 AM: Change in SMBG at week 52 | |
| Biphasic Insulin Aspart Arm | 9.86 | -1.68 | 12.71 | -3.06 | 9.86 | -2.40 | 11.39 | -1.76 | 9.57 | -1.52 | 11.68 | -2.44 | 9.58 | -1.95 |
| Exenatide Arm | 9.57 | -1.15 | 12.30 | -3.83 | 9.38 | -1.47 | 11.18 | -1.72 | 9.35 | -1.06 | 11.25 | -3.11 | 9.08 | -0.96 |
Change in body weight from baseline to week 52. (NCT00082407)
Timeframe: baseline, week 52
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline body weight | Change in body weight at week 52 | |
| Biphasic Insulin Aspart Arm | 83.38 | 2.92 |
| Exenatide Arm | 85.51 | -2.54 |
Change in fasting serum glucose from baseline to week 52 (NCT00082407)
Timeframe: baseline, week 52
| Intervention | mmol/L (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline fasting serum glucose | Change in fasting serum glucose at week 52 | |
| Biphasic Insulin Aspart Arm | 11.30 | -1.64 |
| Exenatide Arm | 11.00 | -1.75 |
Change in HbA1c from baseline to week 52 (NCT00082407)
Timeframe: baseline, week 52
| Intervention | percentage (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline HbA1c | Change in HbA1c at week 52 | |
| Biphasic Insulin Aspart Arm | 8.65 | -0.88 |
| Exenatide Arm | 8.59 | -0.98 |
Change in rate of hypoglycemic events per 30 days per patient from baseline to week 52 (NCT00082407)
Timeframe: baseline, week 52
| Intervention | events per 30 days per patient (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline event rate | Change in event rate at week 52 | |
| Biphasic Insulin Aspart Arm | 0.18 | 0.26 |
| Exenatide Arm | 0.22 | 0.19 |
Mean decrease between pre- and post-randomization in 5 Weeks between the exenatide and placebo groups. (NCT00856609)
Timeframe: 5 weeks
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide | 1.6 |
| Placebo | 0.27 |
Mean of 3-day food intake change between 3 days (Day 6-7-8) at baseline assessment and 3 days (Day 12-13-14) during the intervention period between the exenatide and placebo groups (NCT00856609)
Timeframe: Day 6-7-8 (at baseline) and Day 12-13-14 (3 days after starting study intervention)
| Intervention | kcal/day (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide | 1016.1 |
| Placebo | 245.1 |
Change of twenty-four-hour energy expenditure between at Day 5 at baseline assessment and at Day 11 two days after starting study medication between the exenatide and placebo groups (NCT00856609)
Timeframe: Day 5 and Day 11
| Intervention | kcal/day (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide | 51.6 |
| Placebo | 28.9 |
(NCT01722266)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | grams (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -13.4 |
| Liraglutide 1.8mg | -46.4 |
| Liraglutide 1.2mg | -47.6 |
| Liraglutide 0.6 mg | -23.7 |
(NCT01722266)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | Kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.3 |
| Liraglutide 1.8mg | -4.8 |
| Liraglutide 1.2mg | -5.0 |
| Liraglutide 0.6 mg | -2.7 |
(NCT01722266)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 Weeks
| Intervention | Percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -0.30 |
| Liraglutide 1.8mg | -0.42 |
| Liraglutide 1.2mg | -0.78 |
| Liraglutide 0.6 mg | -0.26 |
The primary endpoint of the study is to detect a difference from baseline in mean weekly blood glucose concentrations before and after 12 weeks of treatment in each of the Liraglutide groups. (NCT01722266)
Timeframe: 12 Weeks
| Intervention | mg/dl (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1 |
| Liraglutide 1.8mg | -10 |
| Liraglutide 1.2mg | -10 |
| Liraglutide 0.6 mg | -0.3 |
Total insulin dose = Basal insulin dose plus bolus insulin dose. (NCT01722266)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | Units (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -3.4 |
| Liraglutide 1.8mg | -10 |
| Liraglutide 1.2mg | -12.1 |
| Liraglutide 0.6 mg | -2.8 |
(NCT00529204)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
| Intervention | IU (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide | 61 |
(NCT00529204)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
| Intervention | adverse events (Number) |
|---|---|
| Exenatide | 0 |
"Steatosis was grades on a scale of 0 (< 5%); 1 (5%- 33%); 2 (> 33% - 66%); and 3 (> 66%).~Inflammation was graded on a scale of 0 (No foci); 1 (< 2 foci per 200 X field); 2 (2-4 foci per 200 X field); and 3 (>4 foci per 200 X field) Fibrosis was graded on a scale of 0 (None); 1 (Mild periportal or perisinusoidal); 2 (Moderate periportal or perisinusoidal); 3 (Bridging fibrosis); and 4 (cirrhosis)" (NCT00529204)
Timeframe: 24 weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| steatosis | inflammation | fibrosis | |
| Exenatide | -1 | -1 | 0 |
Hemoglobin A1C (A1C) is measured as percent. Thus this change from baseline reflects the Week 24 A1C percent minus the Week 0 A1C percent. (NCT00106704)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 Weeks
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -0.45 |
| Placebo/ Pioglitazone | 0.28 |
The change from baseline is the Week 24 Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) minus the Week 0 FPG. (NCT00106704)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 Weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -4.4 |
| Placebo/ Pioglitazone | 15.7 |
Change from baseline at Week 18 is defined as Week 18 minus Week 0. (NCT00337610)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 18
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -67.6 |
| Placebo | -13.5 |
A1C was measured as a percent. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 18 A1C percent minus the Week 0 A1C percent. (NCT00337610)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 18
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -1.00 |
| Placebo | 0.02 |
A1C was measured as a percent. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 30 A1C percent minus the Week 0 A1C percent. (NCT00337610)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 30
| Intervention | Percent (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -0.98 |
| Placebo | 0.04 |
Change from baseline at Week 18 is defined as Week 18 FPG minus Week 0 FPG. (NCT00337610)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 18
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin 100 mg | -32.0 |
| Placebo | -6.5 |
The change from baseline is the Week 18 PMG minus the Week 0 PMG. (NCT00541775)
Timeframe: Baseline and 18 Weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -35.4 |
| Rosiglitazone | -51.3 |
| Placebo | -4.9 |
The change from baseline is the Week 18 FPG minus the Week 0 FPG. (NCT00541775)
Timeframe: Baseline and 18 Weeks
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -11.7 |
| Rosiglitazone | -24.5 |
| Placebo | 6.1 |
"A1C is measured as percent. Thus, this change from baseline reflects the Week 18 A1C percent minus the Week 0 A1C percent.~The study hypothesis comparison was between sitagliptin versus placebo." (NCT00541775)
Timeframe: Baseline and 18 Weeks
| Intervention | Percent of glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Sitagliptin | -0.73 |
| Rosiglitazone | -0.79 |
| Placebo | -0.22 |
(NCT01170208)
Timeframe: Twelve week period from week 4 to week 16
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Group I | 4.6 |
| Group II | 8.1 |
| Group III | 29.5 |
(NCT01170208)
Timeframe: January 2011
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Group I | 0 |
| Group II | 0 |
| Group III | 0 |
(NCT01170208)
Timeframe: 12 week period from Week 4 to Week 16
| Intervention | µM (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Group I | -4.2 |
| Group II | 10.2 |
| Group III | 37.0 |
(NCT01170208)
Timeframe: Twelve week period from week 4 to week 16
| Intervention | percentage of A1c (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Group I | 0.1 |
| Group II | 0.6 |
| Group III | 1.3 |
(NCT00105066)
Timeframe: Baseline and 4.5 months
| Intervention | meters / second (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -7.2 |
| Metformin | -7.3 |
to evaluate improvement in endothelial function (NCT00105066)
Timeframe: Baseline and 4.5 months
| Intervention | percentage change in diameter (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 8.8 |
| Metformin | 10.5 |
Homeostatic Model Assessment of insulin sensitivity (NCT00105066)
Timeframe: 4.5 months
| Intervention | HOMA Score (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 57.4 |
| Metformin | 64.5 |
Change from baseline in Adiponectin after 3 months of treatment. (NCT01410604)
Timeframe: baseline and 3 months
| Intervention | µg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin | -0.71 |
| Placebo | -7.52 |
Change from baseline in Body Mass Index after 3 months of treatment. (NCT01410604)
Timeframe: baseline and 3 months
| Intervention | kg/m^2 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin | -0.74 |
| Placebo | -0.71 |
Change from baseline in Fasting insulin after 3 months of treatment. (NCT01410604)
Timeframe: baseline and 3 months
| Intervention | µU/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin | -3.97 |
| Placebo | 11.03 |
Change from baseline in Fasting plasma glucose after 3 months of treatment. (NCT01410604)
Timeframe: baseline and 3 months
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin | -1.08 |
| Placebo | 1.71 |
Change from baseline in High-sensitivity C-reactive protein after 3 months of treatment. (NCT01410604)
Timeframe: baseline and 3 months
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin | -1.26 |
| Placebo | -1.35 |
Change from baseline in Interleukin 6 after 3 months of treatment. (NCT01410604)
Timeframe: baseline and 3 months
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin | -34.09 |
| Placebo | 16.42 |
Change from baseline in Tumour necrosis factor alpha after 3 months of treatment. (NCT01410604)
Timeframe: baseline and 3 months
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin | -34.08 |
| Placebo | -4.01 |
Change from baseline in Waist circumference after 3 months of treatment. (NCT01410604)
Timeframe: baseline and 3 months
| Intervention | cm (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Metformin | -0.57 |
| Placebo | -3.29 |
(NCT01004848)
Timeframe: Change from Baseline to 6 Months
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Peer-Led Lifestyle Education on Weight Loss | -0.47 |
| Delayed Intervention | -1.07 |
Change in sugar level as measured from fingerstick, at 6 Months as compared to Baseline (NCT01004848)
Timeframe: Change from Baseline to 6 Months
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Peer-Led Lifestyle Education on Weight Loss | -1.79 |
| Delayed Intervention | -0.47 |
Change in sugar level as measured from fingerstick after a meal, at 6 Months as compared to Baseline (NCT01004848)
Timeframe: Change in 6 Months from Baseline
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Peer-Led Lifestyle Education on Weight Loss | 1.41 |
| Delayed Intervention | 3.85 |
(NCT01004848)
Timeframe: Change from Baseline to 6 Months
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Peer-Led Lifestyle Education on Weight Loss | -1.39 |
| Delayed Intervention | -1.45 |
(NCT01004848)
Timeframe: Change from Baseline to 6 Months
| Intervention | pounds (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Peer-Led Lifestyle Education on Weight Loss | -2.85 |
| Delayed Intervention | -1.13 |
percent energy expenditure (NCT01004848)
Timeframe: Change from Baseline to 6 Months
| Intervention | percent expenditure/day (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Peer-Led Lifestyle Education on Weight Loss | -58.08 |
| Delayed Intervention | -12.54 |
(NCT01004848)
Timeframe: Change from Baseline to 6 Months
| Intervention | grams per day (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Peer-Led Lifestyle Education on Weight Loss | -0.19 |
| Delayed Intervention | 0.013 |
(NCT01004848)
Timeframe: Change from Baseline to 6 Months
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Peer-Led Lifestyle Education on Weight Loss | 0.03 |
| Delayed Intervention | 1.20 |
(NCT01004848)
Timeframe: Change from Baseline to 6 Months
| Intervention | mg/dl (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Peer-Led Lifestyle Education on Weight Loss | 0.68 |
| Delayed Intervention | .029 |
(NCT01004848)
Timeframe: Change from Baseline to 6 Months
| Intervention | mg/dl (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Peer-Led Lifestyle Education on Weight Loss | -2.93 |
| Delayed Intervention | -1.18 |
(NCT01004848)
Timeframe: Change from Baseline to 6 Months
| Intervention | mg/dl (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Peer-Led Lifestyle Education on Weight Loss | -2.78 |
| Delayed Intervention | -0.66 |
(NCT01004848)
Timeframe: Change from Baseline to 6 Months
| Intervention | mg/dl (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Peer-Led Lifestyle Education on Weight Loss | -0.1 |
| Delayed Intervention | 2.92 |
(NCT01004848)
Timeframe: Change from Baseline to 6 Months
| Intervention | inches (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Peer-Led Lifestyle Education on Weight Loss | -0.5 |
| Delayed Intervention | -0.29 |
(NCT00409786)
Timeframe: Baseline and 1 year
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Group 1 | -4.79 |
A secondary outcome for this study will be change in diastolic blood pressure, measured pre and post intervention. (NCT00480779)
Timeframe: Baseline and 3 months
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| GLB Group | -3.6 |
| GLB DVD | -1.43 |
A secondary outcome for this study will be change in fasting glucose, measured pre and post intervention. (NCT00480779)
Timeframe: Baseline and 3 months
| Intervention | mg/dl (Mean) |
|---|---|
| GLB Group | 1.15 |
| GLB DVD | -4.71 |
A secondary outcome for this study will be change in HDL cholesterol, measured pre and post intervention. (NCT00480779)
Timeframe: Baseline and 3 months
| Intervention | mg/dl (Mean) |
|---|---|
| GLB Group | -2.08 |
| GLB DVD | -0.72 |
A secondary outcome for this study will be change in HbA1c, measured pre and post intervention. The hemoglobin HbA1c test provides information regarding how well blood glucose (sugar) has been controlled for the previous 8-12 weeks.. (NCT00480779)
Timeframe: Baseline and 3 months
| Intervention | percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (Mean) |
|---|---|
| GLB Group | -0.31 |
| GLB DVD | -0.16 |
A secondary outcome for this study will be change in LDL cholesterol, measured pre and post intervention. (NCT00480779)
Timeframe: Baseline and 3 months
| Intervention | mg/dl (Mean) |
|---|---|
| GLB Group | 0.33 |
| GLB DVD | -2.67 |
A secondary outcome for this study will be change in systolic blood pressure, measured pre and post intervention. (NCT00480779)
Timeframe: Baseline and 3 months
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| GLB Group | -6.55 |
| GLB DVD | -4.95 |
A secondary outcome for this study will be change in total cholesterol, measured pre and post intervention. (NCT00480779)
Timeframe: Baseline and 3 months
| Intervention | mg/dl (Mean) |
|---|---|
| GLB Group | -8.29 |
| GLB DVD | -9.94 |
A secondary outcome for this study will be change in Triglyceride level, measured pre and post intervention. (NCT00480779)
Timeframe: Baseline and 3 months
| Intervention | mg/dl (Median) |
|---|---|
| GLB Group | -2.0 |
| GLB DVD | 0 |
A secondary outcome for this study will be change in waist circumference, measured pre and post intervention. (NCT00480779)
Timeframe: Baseline and 3 months
| Intervention | inches (Mean) |
|---|---|
| GLB Group | -2.49 |
| GLB DVD | -1.87 |
The primary outcome for this study will be change in weight measured pre and post intervention. (NCT00480779)
Timeframe: Baseline and 3 months
| Intervention | pounds (Mean) |
|---|---|
| GLB Group | -13.9 |
| GLB DVD | -11.8 |
(NCT03042936)
Timeframe: 16 weeks
| Intervention | A1c percentage points (Median) |
|---|---|
| Insulin Superheroes Club Curriculum | -0.5 |
Estimated maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) standardized to age and sex (NCT01616563)
Timeframe: Change at 12 months compared to baseline
| Intervention | percentile (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Diet and Exercise Intervention | 15.6 |
Canadian Health Eating Index (HEI-C) is reported on a 100 point score with a higher score indicating a better outcome. A higher score means a better outcome. HEI-C is on a 100 point score. (NCT01616563)
Timeframe: Change at 12 months compared to baseline
| Intervention | score on a scale out of 100 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Diet and Exercise Intervention | 9.6 |
Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) is reported on a 0-14 point score with a higher score indicating a better outcome. (NCT01616563)
Timeframe: Change at 12 months compared to baseline
| Intervention | score on a scale out of 14 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Diet and Exercise Intervention | 1.4 |
Metabolic syndrome risk score is a composite continuous score that measures the severity of metabolic syndrome as a continuous variable rather than dichotomized with arbitrary cut-points . The score is the principal component of waist circumference, glucose, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides. It has a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1 with higher score meaning greater risk. Reference Hillier TA, et al., Practical way to assess metabolic syndrome using a continuous score obtained from principal components analysis. Diabetologia (2006) 49:1528-1535 (NCT01616563)
Timeframe: Change at 12 months compared to baseline
| Intervention | z-score (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Diet and Exercise Intervention | 0.4 |
Changes in PROCAM score, which estimates the risk of a myocardial infarction or dying from an acute coronary event within the next 10 years. Similar to Framingham risk score but for metabolic syndrome. A lower score means a better outcome. PROCAM score varies from 0-87,0 means there are no risk factors (pt is younger than 39), while 87 means the patient is a smoker and older than 60 years and presents all risk factors (NCT01616563)
Timeframe: Change at 12 months compared to baseline
| Intervention | percentage (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Diet and Exercise Intervention | 1.4 |
Percentage of the prescribed diet visits visits attended over 12 months. Each participant was to attend a total of 21 prescribed diet visits over 12 months. (NCT01616563)
Timeframe: At 12 months
| Intervention | prescribed diet visits (Count of Units) |
|---|---|
| Diet and Exercise Intervention | 4782 |
Percentage of the prescribed exercise visits attended over 12 months. Each participant was to attend a total of 21 prescribed exercise visits over 12 months. (NCT01616563)
Timeframe: At 12 months
| Intervention | prescribed exercise visits (Count of Units) |
|---|---|
| Diet and Exercise Intervention | 4038 |
Metabolic syndrome is defined as having 3/5 of the following: elevated blood pressure (or on medication), elevated blood sugars (or on medication), elevated triglycerides (or on medication), low HDL-C and a large waist circumference. Reversal of metabolic syndrome is defined as having less than 3/5 criteria (NCT01616563)
Timeframe: At 12 months compared to baseline measures
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Diet and Exercise Intervention | 48 |
Improvements in blood pressure (or elimination of medication), blood sugars (or elimination of medication), triglycerides (or elimination of medication), HDL-C and waist circumference (NCT01616563)
Timeframe: At 12 months compared to baseline
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Diet and Exercise Intervention | 106 |
mg/dL (NCT01132118)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Period | Change | |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 58.1 | 59.4 | 1.3 |
| Placebo | 58.1 | 60.3 | 2.2 |
HOMA-B = (360 x Insulin)/(Glucose - 63) (NCT01132118)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | (mIU x dL)/(L x mg) (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Period | Change | |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 116.5 | 110.8 | -5.8 |
| Placebo | 116.5 | 109.7 | -6.8 |
"We will examine the effect of HCQ on HOMA-IR during the active treatment phase compared with placebo phase.~HOMA-IR = (Glucose x insulin)/405" (NCT01132118)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | (mg x mIU)/(dL*L) (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Period | Change | |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 2.0 | 1.7 | -0.3 |
| Placebo | 2.0 | 1.6 | -0.42 |
"We will examine the effect of HCQ on the Matsuda Insulin Sensitivity Index (ISI) during the active treatment phase compared with placebo phase.~ISI is based on insulin and glucose levels in a fasting state during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and is calculated as follows:~ISI (Matsuda) = 10000/√ G0 X I0 X Gmean X Imean~G0 - fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) I0 - fasting plasma insulin (mIU/L) Gmean - mean plasma glucose during OGTT (mg/dL) Imean - mean plasma insulin during OGTT (mIU/L)" (NCT01132118)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | (dL x L)/(mg x mIU) (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Period Value | Change | |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 7.7 | 8.1 | 0.4 |
| Placebo | 7.7 | 7.8 | 0.14 |
mg/dL (NCT01132118)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Period | Change | |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 114.1 | 101.7 | -12.4 |
| Placebo | 114.1 | 109.9 | -4.2 |
mg/dL (NCT01132118)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Period | Change | |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 192.4 | 179.7 | -12.7 |
| Placebo | 192.4 | 189.4 | -3.0 |
mg/dL (NCT01132118)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Period | Change | |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 100.6 | 92.4 | -8.2 |
| Placebo | 100.6 | 95.6 | -5.0 |
The reported percent change is the difference between TG levels obtained on initial visit (day 0) and TG levels obtained at final visit (week 12) as per protocol (NCT00819910)
Timeframe: 12 weeks from initial visit (day 0) to final visit (12 weeks)
| Intervention | % change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Rosiglitazone + Placebo | 7.4 |
| Fenofibrate + Placebo | -2.2 |
| Rosiglitazone +Fenofibrate | 20 |
| Placebo Therapy Daily | 7.6 |
The reported percent change is the difference between HDL levels obtained on initial visit (day 0) and HDL levels obtained at final visit (week 12) as per protocol (NCT00819910)
Timeframe: 12 weeks from initial visit (day 0) to final visit (12 weeks)
| Intervention | % change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Rosiglitazone and Placebo | 1.9 |
| Fenofibrate + Placebo | 14.5 |
| Rosiglitazone +Fenofibrate | 5.8 |
| Placebo Therapy Daily | 1.7 |
The reported percent change is the difference between LDL levels obtained on initial visit (day 0) and LDL levels obtained at final visit (week 12) as per protocol (NCT00819910)
Timeframe: 12 weeks from initial visit (day 0) to final visit (12 weeks)
| Intervention | % change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Rosiglitazone + Placebo | -0.5 |
| Fenofibrate + Placebo | 2.6 |
| Rosiglitazone + Fenofibrate | 37.3 |
| Placebo Therapy Daily | 13.7 |
The mean Levels of AST and ALT measured at initial visit (Day 0) and final visit (Week 12) annotated as AST 1, AST 12, and ALT 1 and ALT 12, respectively. (NCT00819910)
Timeframe: 12 weeks from initial visit (day 0) to final visit (12 weeks)
| Intervention | mg/dl (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AST 1 (aspartate aminotransferase [10-35 U/L]) | AST 12 (aspartate aminotransferase [15-37 U/L]) | ALT 1 (alanine aminotransferase [6-60 U/L]) | ALT 12 (alanine aminotransferase [6-60 U/L]) | |
| Fenofibrate + Placebo | 25.25 | 26.50 | 25.88 | 26.38 |
| Placebo Therapy Daily | 19.88 | 17.88 | 20.88 | 14.88 |
| Rosiglitazone + Placebo | 24.00 | 30.29 | 28.14 | 27.43 |
| Rosiglitazone +Fenofibrate | 24.30 | 19.70 | 24.10 | 21.10 |
Post-treatment median change in Apo AI, Apo AII and Apo CIII levels reported in mg/dL with Interquartile ranges provided (NCT00819910)
Timeframe: 12 weeks from initial visit (day 0) to final visit (12 weeks)
| Intervention | % Change (Median) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Apo AI | Apo AII | Apo CIII | |
| Fenofibrate + Placebo | 13 | 3.4 | -4.35 |
| Placebo Therapy Daily | 5 | -3.5 | -2.3 |
| Rosiglitazone + Placebo | -1.00 | 10.25 | 0.30 |
| Rosiglitazone +Fenofibrate | 1 | 7.2 | -5.3 |
1392 reviews available for metformin and Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Development of the renal glucose reabsorption inhibitors: a new mechanism for the pharmacotherapy of diabetes mellitus type 2.
Topics: Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Glucose; | 2009 |
Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitors Versus Metformin as the First-Line Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes: Is It Time for a Revolution?
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Age | 2023 |
Metformin in Pregnancy for Women with Type 2 Diabetes: a Review.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2021 |
Postpartum Use of Weight Loss and Metformin for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a Review of the Evidence.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Metformin; Postpartum Period; Preg | 2021 |
New Insight into the Effects of Metformin on Diabetic Retinopathy, Aging and Cancer: Nonapoptotic Cell Death, Immunosuppression, and Effects beyond the AMPK Pathway.
Topics: Aging; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Blood Glucose; Cell Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic | 2021 |
Metformin - a new approach.
Topics: COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pregnancy; SARS | 2021 |
Rationality, Efficacy, Tolerability of Empagliflozin Plus Linagliptin Combination for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Observational Studies.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucoside | 2022 |
Metformin for pregnancy and beyond: the pros and cons.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Gestational W | 2022 |
Effect of metformin use on the risk and prognosis of colorectal cancer in diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Odds Ratio; | 2022 |
Metabolomic Approaches to Investigate the Effect of Metformin: An Overview.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Met | 2021 |
Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Cardioprotective Benefit in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Without Baseline Metformin: A Systematic Review and Update Meta-analysis.
Topics: Cardiotonic Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Rece | 2021 |
Effect of metformin on
Topics: Animals; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Colonic Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2022 |
Impact of pharmacological interventions on insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Acarbose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Female; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Metform | 2022 |
Obesity and Diabetes.
Topics: Behavior Therapy; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Gastric Bypass; Humans; Hypo | 2021 |
Perspectives of metformin use in endometrial cancer and other gynaecological malignancies.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endometrial Neoplasms; Female; Genital Neoplasms, Female; Humans; Hypogly | 2022 |
Efficacy and Safety of Metformin Versus the Other Oral Antidiabetic Drugs in Japanese Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Network Meta-analysis.
Topics: Adult; Bayes Theorem; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated | 2022 |
Metformin and its therapeutic applications in autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; | 2022 |
Integrated or Independent Actions of Metformin in Target Tissues Underlying Its Current Use and New Possible Applications in the Endocrine and Metabolic Disorder Area.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gluconeogenesis; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2021 |
Creatine Supplementation in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Creatine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2022 |
Effects of Metformin in Heart Failure: From Pathophysiological Rationale to Clinical Evidence.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Metformin; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic | 2021 |
Comparative efficacy and safety of antihyperglycemic drug classes for patients with type 2 diabetes following failure with metformin monotherapy: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated H | 2022 |
Comparative effectiveness of cardiovascular, renal and safety outcomes of second-line antidiabetic drugs use in people with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Humans; Hypogl | 2022 |
Association of Preadmission Metformin Use and Prognosis in Patients With Sepsis and Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Mortal | 2021 |
Association of Metformin with the Mortality and Incidence of Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Pre-existing Cardiovascular Diseases.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Incidence; Metformin; Myo | 2022 |
An update on mode of action of metformin in modulation of meta-inflammation and inflammaging.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inflammation; | 2022 |
Metformin and retinal diseases in preclinical and clinical studies: Insights and review of literature.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Macular Degeneration | 2022 |
Metformin and mortality after surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2022 |
Metformin in Alzheimer's disease: An overview of potential mechanisms, preclinical and clinical findings.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Brain; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypogly | 2022 |
Metformin and the heart: Update on mechanisms of cardiovascular protection with special reference to comorbid type 2 diabetes and heart failure.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Glucose; Heart | 2022 |
Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic literature review.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Economics, Pharmaceutical; Humans; Hy | 2022 |
Metformin and the risk of neurodegenerative diseases in patients with diabetes: A meta-analysis of population-based cohort studies.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2022 |
Effect of metformin on microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Quality of Life | 2022 |
Metformin and Breast Cancer: Where Are We Now?
Topics: Animals; Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2022 |
Metformin: Sex/Gender Differences in Its Uses and Effects-Narrative Review.
Topics: COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metfo | 2022 |
Preadmission use of antidiabetic medications and mortality among patients with COVID-19 having type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis.
Topics: COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glucagon-Lik | 2022 |
The effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on serum uric acid concentration: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Glucose; Human | 2022 |
Glucose-lowering drugs, cognition, and dementia: The clinical evidence.
Topics: Cognition; Dementia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glucose; Humans; | 2022 |
Metformin-Induced Vitamin B12 Deficiency among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus' Patients: A Systematic Review.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Defici | 2023 |
Metformin in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Molecular Pathways and Its Clinical Implications.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Cell Cycle; Cell Proliferation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Insulin Resistanc | 2022 |
Semaglutide reduces cardiovascular events regardless of metformin use: a post hoc subgroup analysis of SUSTAIN 6 and PIONEER 6.
Topics: Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptides; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2022 |
Semaglutide reduces cardiovascular events regardless of metformin use: a post hoc subgroup analysis of SUSTAIN 6 and PIONEER 6.
Topics: Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptides; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2022 |
Semaglutide reduces cardiovascular events regardless of metformin use: a post hoc subgroup analysis of SUSTAIN 6 and PIONEER 6.
Topics: Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptides; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2022 |
Semaglutide reduces cardiovascular events regardless of metformin use: a post hoc subgroup analysis of SUSTAIN 6 and PIONEER 6.
Topics: Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptides; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2022 |
Metformin-induced vitamin B12 deficiency can cause or worsen distal symmetrical, autonomic and cardiac neuropathy in the patient with diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Calcium; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Peripheral Nervous | 2022 |
Considering metformin as a second-line treatment for children and adolescents with prediabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; Metfor | 2022 |
Efficacy and safety of combination therapy with vildagliptin and metformin vs. metformin monotherapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus therapy: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diarrhea; Dizziness; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2022 |
Investigating the pro-cognitive and anti-depressant efficacy of metformin: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
Topics: Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pioglitazone; Randomiz | 2022 |
The effect of metformin on glucose metabolism in patients receiving glucocorticoids.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids; Glucocorticoids; Hu | 2022 |
Diabetes mellitus and multiple myeloma; common features of two distinct entities.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Multiple Myeloma; Pioglitazone | 2022 |
Antidiabetic Drugs in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.
Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformin | 2022 |
Pharmacology: Non-Insulin Agents.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; | 2022 |
The role of MicroRNA networks in tissue-specific direct and indirect effects of metformin and its application.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; MicroRNAs; Neoplasms | 2022 |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus accelerates brain aging and cognitive decline: Complementary findings from UK Biobank and meta-analyses.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Atrophy; Biological Specimen Banks; Cognitive Dysfunction; Cross-Sec | 2022 |
Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Patients with Diabetes on Metformin: Arab Countries.
Topics: Arabs; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency | 2022 |
Association of the SLC47A1 Gene Variant With Responses to Metformin Monotherapy in Drug-naive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformi | 2022 |
Metformin: Is it a drug for all reasons and diseases?
Topics: Animals; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; In | 2022 |
Protection by metformin against severe Covid-19: An in-depth mechanistic analysis.
Topics: COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Microcirculation; SARS-CoV-2 | 2022 |
Metformin plus a low hypoglycemic risk antidiabetic drug vs. metformin monotherapy for untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2022 |
The Association Between Antidiabetic Agents and Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients With Diabetes: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis.
Topics: Bayes Theorem; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitor | 2022 |
Metformin as an emerging concern in wastewater: Occurrence, analysis and treatment methods.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Wastewater | 2022 |
Histomorphometric and oxidative evaluation of the offspring's testis from type 2 diabetic female rats treated with metformin and pentoxifylline.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Metformin; Oxidative Stress; P | 2022 |
Recent Insights of Metformin on Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC).
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liver Neoplasms; | 2023 |
Association Between Metformin and Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Observational Studies.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2022 |
The Potential Therapeutic Impact of Metformin in Glioblastoma Multiforme.
Topics: Animals; Brain Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glioblast | 2023 |
Vascular complications in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: a continuous process arising from a common pathology.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metf | 2022 |
Letter to the Editor: "Effect of metformin on microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis".
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2022 |
Metformin and thyroid carcinoma incidence and prognosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Metformin; Thyroid Neoplasms | 2022 |
Intestinal lipid absorption and transport in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Apolipoprotein B-48; Cholesterol; Chylomicron Remnants; Chylomicrons; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dip | 2022 |
Actions of Metformin in the Brain: A New Perspective of Metformin Treatments in Related Neurological Disorders.
Topics: Brain; Depressive Disorder, Major; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2022 |
Metformin: When Should We Fear Lactic Acidosis?
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fear; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; M | 2022 |
Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents: distinct characteristics and evidence-based management.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Insulin; Life Style; Liraglutide; Metformin | 2022 |
Comparative efficacy and safety of glucose-lowering drugs in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Glucose; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans | 2022 |
Economic Evaluation of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Interventions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of the Literature.
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Developing Countries; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Income; Metformin | 2022 |
Advances in metformin for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Insulin; Metformin; Non-alcoholi | 2022 |
Diabetes mellitus and endometrial carcinoma: Risk factors and etiological links.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endometrial Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2022 |
Effect of SGLT2 Inhibitors and Metformin on Inflammatory and Prognostic Biomarkers in Type 2 Diabetes Patients.
Topics: Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Prognosis; Sodium-Glu | 2023 |
Protective effects of metformin in various cardiovascular diseases: Clinical evidence and AMPK-dependent mechanisms.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2022 |
Importance of Bmal1 in Alzheimer's disease and associated aging-related diseases: Mechanisms and interventions.
Topics: Adiponectin; Aging; Alzheimer Disease; ARNTL Transcription Factors; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Human | 2022 |
Effects of single-nucleotide polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metformin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Membrane Transport Proteins; Metfor | 2022 |
Incretins as a Potential Treatment Option for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; | 2022 |
Defining explicit definitions of potentially inappropriate prescriptions for antidiabetic drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inappropriate Prescribing; Kidney Dise | 2022 |
Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
Topics: Adolescent; Advisory Committees; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Mass | 2022 |
Enhancing Metformin Effects by Adding Gut Microbiota Modulators to Ameliorate the Metabolic Status of Obese, Insulin-Resistant Hosts.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Insulin; Metformin; Obesity; Prebiot | 2022 |
Is metformin a possible treatment for diabetic neuropathy?
Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Neuropathies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2022 |
Antidiabetics, Anthelmintics, Statins, and Beta-Blockers as Co-Adjuvant Drugs in Cancer Therapy.
Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Anthelmintics; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antihype | 2022 |
Heterocyclic Compounds as Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitors with Special Emphasis on Oxadiazoles as Potent Anti-Diabetic Agents.
Topics: Benzothiazoles; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diamines; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dipeptidyl- | 2022 |
Knocking on GDF15's door for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Growth Differentiation Factor 15; Humans; | 2022 |
Oncodiabetology II. Antidiabetics and cancer prevention
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformin; Mu | 2022 |
Should antidiabetic medicines be considered to reduce cardiometabolic risk in patients with serious mental illness?
Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Re | 2022 |
Gastrointestinal adverse events of metformin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diarrhea; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2022 |
The effect of Chinese herbal formulas combined with metformin on modulating the gut microbiota in the amelioration of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glycated Hemoglobin; H | 2022 |
Effects of glucose-lowering agents on cardiovascular and renal outcomes in subjects with type 2 diabetes: An updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with external adjudication of events.
Topics: Adult; Albuminuria; Cardiovascular Diseases; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Pe | 2023 |
Metformin Prevents or Delays the Development and Progression of Osteoarthritis: New Insight and Mechanism of Action.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Osteoarthritis; Sirtuin | 2022 |
The efficacy of vitamin B
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Homocysteine; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2022 |
Mechanism of metformin regulation in central nervous system: Progression and future perspectives.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Central Nervous System; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2022 |
Systematic review and meta-analysis of head-to-head trials comparing sulfonylureas and low hypoglycaemic risk antidiabetic drugs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dipeptidyl-Peptida | 2022 |
Effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on insulin resistance; a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Metformin; Sodi | 2023 |
The efficacy of Da Chaihu decoction combined with metformin tablets for type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Metf | 2022 |
A blast from the past: To tame time with metformin.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Geriatrics; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Longevity; Metfo | 2022 |
Lactic Acidosis Associated with Metformin in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; La | 2022 |
Effect of Antidiabetic Therapy on Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Topics: COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Rec | 2023 |
Effect of metformin on nonalcoholic fatty liver based on meta-analysis and network pharmacology.
Topics: Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Metfo | 2022 |
Role of metformin in inflammation.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Inflamm | 2023 |
Contemporary choice of glucose lowering agents in heart failure patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Contraindications, Drug; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glucagon-Lik | 2022 |
Metformin: A Promising Antidiabetic Medication for Cancer Treatment.
Topics: Apoptosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Neoplasms | 2023 |
Metformin Improves Ovarian Cancer Sensitivity to Paclitaxel and Platinum-Based Drugs: A Review of In Vitro Findings.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Carboplatin; Carcinoma, Ovari | 2022 |
Research progress on the therapeutic effect and mechanism of metformin for lung cancer (Review).
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lung Neoplasms; Metformin; Middle Aged | 2023 |
Metformin and bladder cancer: Drug repurposing as a potential tool for novel therapy: A review.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Repositioning; Humans; Metformin; Quality of Life; Urinary Bladder N | 2022 |
Metformin and bladder cancer: Drug repurposing as a potential tool for novel therapy: A review.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Repositioning; Humans; Metformin; Quality of Life; Urinary Bladder N | 2022 |
Metformin and bladder cancer: Drug repurposing as a potential tool for novel therapy: A review.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Repositioning; Humans; Metformin; Quality of Life; Urinary Bladder N | 2022 |
Metformin and bladder cancer: Drug repurposing as a potential tool for novel therapy: A review.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Repositioning; Humans; Metformin; Quality of Life; Urinary Bladder N | 2022 |
Metformin and bladder cancer: Drug repurposing as a potential tool for novel therapy: A review.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Repositioning; Humans; Metformin; Quality of Life; Urinary Bladder N | 2022 |
Metformin and bladder cancer: Drug repurposing as a potential tool for novel therapy: A review.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Repositioning; Humans; Metformin; Quality of Life; Urinary Bladder N | 2022 |
Metformin and bladder cancer: Drug repurposing as a potential tool for novel therapy: A review.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Repositioning; Humans; Metformin; Quality of Life; Urinary Bladder N | 2022 |
Metformin and bladder cancer: Drug repurposing as a potential tool for novel therapy: A review.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Repositioning; Humans; Metformin; Quality of Life; Urinary Bladder N | 2022 |
Metformin and bladder cancer: Drug repurposing as a potential tool for novel therapy: A review.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Repositioning; Humans; Metformin; Quality of Life; Urinary Bladder N | 2022 |
Mechanism Underlying Metformin Action and Its Potential to Reduce Gastric Cancer Risk.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; St | 2022 |
Mechanism Underlying Metformin Action and Its Potential to Reduce Gastric Cancer Risk.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; St | 2022 |
Mechanism Underlying Metformin Action and Its Potential to Reduce Gastric Cancer Risk.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; St | 2022 |
Mechanism Underlying Metformin Action and Its Potential to Reduce Gastric Cancer Risk.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; St | 2022 |
Mechanism Underlying Metformin Action and Its Potential to Reduce Gastric Cancer Risk.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; St | 2022 |
Mechanism Underlying Metformin Action and Its Potential to Reduce Gastric Cancer Risk.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; St | 2022 |
Mechanism Underlying Metformin Action and Its Potential to Reduce Gastric Cancer Risk.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; St | 2022 |
Mechanism Underlying Metformin Action and Its Potential to Reduce Gastric Cancer Risk.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; St | 2022 |
Mechanism Underlying Metformin Action and Its Potential to Reduce Gastric Cancer Risk.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; St | 2022 |
Metformin and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A hidden treasure.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Growth Differentiation Factor 15; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Metformin; | 2022 |
Metformin and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A hidden treasure.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Growth Differentiation Factor 15; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Metformin; | 2022 |
Metformin and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A hidden treasure.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Growth Differentiation Factor 15; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Metformin; | 2022 |
Metformin and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A hidden treasure.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Growth Differentiation Factor 15; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Metformin; | 2022 |
Use of Antihyperglycemic Drugs and Risk of Cancer in Patients with Diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformin; Neoplasms; Systematic Re | 2023 |
Use of Antihyperglycemic Drugs and Risk of Cancer in Patients with Diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformin; Neoplasms; Systematic Re | 2023 |
Use of Antihyperglycemic Drugs and Risk of Cancer in Patients with Diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformin; Neoplasms; Systematic Re | 2023 |
Use of Antihyperglycemic Drugs and Risk of Cancer in Patients with Diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformin; Neoplasms; Systematic Re | 2023 |
Dorzagliatin: First Approval.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Glucokinase; Humans; Hypogl | 2022 |
Dorzagliatin: First Approval.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Glucokinase; Humans; Hypogl | 2022 |
Dorzagliatin: First Approval.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Glucokinase; Humans; Hypogl | 2022 |
Dorzagliatin: First Approval.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Glucokinase; Humans; Hypogl | 2022 |
The Effect of Prebiotics and Oral Anti-Diabetic Agents on Gut Microbiome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Network Meta-Analy | 2022 |
The Effect of Prebiotics and Oral Anti-Diabetic Agents on Gut Microbiome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Network Meta-Analy | 2022 |
The Effect of Prebiotics and Oral Anti-Diabetic Agents on Gut Microbiome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Network Meta-Analy | 2022 |
The Effect of Prebiotics and Oral Anti-Diabetic Agents on Gut Microbiome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Network Meta-Analy | 2022 |
Breast cancer risk for women with diabetes and the impact of metformin: A meta-analysis.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Early Detection of Cancer; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2023 |
Effects of Metformin Delivery via Biomaterials on Bone and Dental Tissue Engineering.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Biocompatible Materials; Bone Regeneration; Cell Differentiation; Dia | 2022 |
Research Progress of Population Pharmacokinetic of Metformin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Models, Biological; Obesity; Polymorphism, Genetic | 2022 |
The effect of metformin usage on survival outcomes for hepatocellular carcinoma patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after curative therapy.
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Metformin; Odds Ratio | 2022 |
Metformin and Its Immune-Mediated Effects in Various Diseases.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Co | 2023 |
A Review of the Impact of Pharmacogenetics and Metabolomics on the Efficacy of Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metabolomics; Metformin; Pharmacogenetics | 2023 |
Metformin in SARS-CoV-2 infection: A hidden path - from altered inflammation to reduced mortality. A review from the literature.
Topics: COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Inflammation; Metformin; SARS-CoV-2 | 2023 |
Clinical Evidence and Practice-Based Guidelines on the Utility of Basal Insulin Combined Oral Therapy (Metformin and Glimepiride) in the Current Era.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglyce | 2023 |
A systematic review of the uses of metformin in dermatology.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Dermatology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformi | 2023 |
Noninsulin-based antihyperglycemic medications in patients with diabetes and COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Rec | 2023 |
The National Clinical Care Commission Report to Congress: Leveraging Federal Policies and Programs to Prevent Diabetes in People With Prediabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Medicare; Metfor | 2023 |
Impact of metformin on the incidence of human cholangiocarcinoma in diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Bile Duct Neoplasms; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Cholangiocarcinoma; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Melli | 2023 |
Association of metformin use with fracture risk in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Risk | 2022 |
Can metformin use reduce the risk of stroke in diabetic patients? A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2023 |
Metformin therapy in pediatric type 2 diabetes mellitus and its comorbidities: A review.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Insulin; Metformin; Obesity | 2022 |
Is metformin use associated with low mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus hospitalized for COVID-19? a multivariable and propensity score-adjusted meta-analysis.
Topics: COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Propensity Score; Retro | 2023 |
The relationship between the use of metformin and the risk of pancreatic cancer in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pancreatic Neoplasms | 2023 |
Action Mechanism of Metformin and Its Application in Hematological Malignancy Treatments: A Review.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hematologic Neoplasms; Humans; Metformin; | 2023 |
Tuberous Sclerosis, Type II Diabetes Mellitus and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathways-Case Report and Literature Review.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Infant; Metformin; Phosphati | 2023 |
Long-term use of metformin and Alzheimer's disease: beneficial or detrimental effects.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Brain; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, | 2023 |
Metformin and long non-coding RNAs in breast cancer.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Metformin; RNA, Long Noncoding | 2023 |
Metformin counters oxidative stress and mitigates adverse effects of radiation exposure: An overview.
Topics: Antioxidants; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; Me | 2023 |
Association between oral metformin use and the risk of age-related macular degeneration: A systematic review with meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Macular Degeneration; Metformin | 2023 |
Metformin, a biological and synthetic overview.
Topics: Blood Glucose; COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2023 |
The function, mechanisms, and clinical applications of metformin: potential drug, unlimited potentials.
Topics: Aging; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Neoplasms | 2023 |
Pharmacological approaches to the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Metformin; Quality of Life; Risk Factors | 2023 |
Metformin: evidence from preclinical and clinical studies for potential novel applications in cardiovascular disease.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Humans; Hypogl | 2023 |
Meta-analysis of factors associated with antidiabetic drug prescribing for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glycated Hemo | 2023 |
Molecular mechanisms of action of metformin: latest advances and therapeutic implications.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2023 |
Liraglutide combined with metformin treatment for obese people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liraglutide; Metformin; Obesity | 2023 |
Metformin and HER2-positive breast cancer: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2023 |
[Evolution of the non-insulin therapeutic strategy in type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metfor | 2023 |
Pharmacological management of youth with type 2 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease: a comprehensive review of current treatments and future directions.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Humans; Kidney; Metformin; Sod | 2023 |
Treatment of type 2 diabetes patients with heart conditions.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Metformin; Sodium-Glucose | 2023 |
The Effects of Cardioprotective Antidiabetic Therapy on Microbiota in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-A Systematic Review.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Humans; Hypogl | 2023 |
Metformin: update on mechanisms of action and repurposing potential.
Topics: COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2023 |
Efficacy and Safety of Triple Therapy with SGLT-2 Inhibitor, DPP-4 Inhibitor, and Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Ther | 2023 |
Metformin and Cancer: Solutions to a Real-World Evidence Failure.
Topics: Bias; Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2023 |
Striking a gut-liver balance for the antidiabetic effects of metformin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liver; Metformin | 2023 |
Metabolic complications of glucocorticoids - Prevention by metformin.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucocorti | 2023 |
Comparison of the Effects of Metformin and Thiazolidinediones on Bone Metabolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Topics: Bone Density; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Osteoporosis; Thiazolidinediones | 2023 |
Effects of DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT-2 inhibitors and sulphonylureas on mortality, cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: A network meta-analyses-driven approach.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glucagon-Lik | 2023 |
Cardiovascular Protection by Metformin: Latest Advances in Basic and Clinical Research.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Heart Failure; Humans; | 2023 |
Crosstalk between Alzheimer's disease and diabetes: a focus on anti-diabetic drugs.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2023 |
The potential effect of metformin on fibroblast growth factor 21 in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Glucose; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Metformin | 2023 |
Metformin and cancer hallmarks: shedding new lights on therapeutic repurposing.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Repositioning; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulins; | 2023 |
Focus on Metformin: Its Role and Safety in Pregnancy and Beyond.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Infant; Insul | 2023 |
Repurposing Metformin in hematologic tumor: State of art.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Repositioning; Hematologic Neoplasms; Humans; Metformin; Mu | 2023 |
Effects of combined treatment of probiotics and metformin in management of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Probiotics | 2023 |
Metformin: A Review of Potential Mechanism and Therapeutic Utility Beyond Diabetes.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2023 |
Position paper of the Italian Association of Medical Diabetologists (AMD), Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), and the Italian Study Group of Diabetes in pregnancy: Metformin use in pregnancy.
Topics: Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Infant | 2023 |
The development and benefits of metformin in various diseases.
Topics: Aging; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metfor | 2023 |
Novel Approaches to the Management of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV | 2023 |
Lights and shadows on the use of metformin in pregnancy: from the preconception phase to breastfeeding and beyond.
Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Breast Feeding; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Hum | 2023 |
[Acute Renal Failure, Lactic Acidosis, and Metformin: Two Case Reports and Literature Review].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metfo | 2023 |
Impact of concomitant oral glucose-lowering medications on the success of basal insulin titration in insulin-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin, Regular, Human; M | 2023 |
Repurposing Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus as Potential Pharmacological Treatments for Sarcopenia - A Narrative Review.
Topics: Aged; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Repositioning; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2023 |
Comparative efficacy and safety profile of once-weekly Semaglutide versus once-daily Sitagliptin as an add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; | 2023 |
Clinical Efficacy of Different Doses of Canagliflozin Combined with Metformin in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: Meta-Analysis.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2023 |
Do oral antidiabetic medications alter the risk of Parkinson's disease? An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Parkinso | 2023 |
Alpha Lipoic Acid Efficacy in PCOS Treatment: What Is the Truth?
Topics: Antioxidants; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Inositol; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Metf | 2023 |
Cost-Effectiveness of Newer Antidiabetic Drugs as Second-Line Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review.
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glucagon-Like | 2023 |
High risk and low prevalence diseases: Metformin toxicities.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lactic Acid; Metformin; Pr | 2023 |
Metformin-mediated epigenetic modifications in diabetes and associated conditions: Biological and clinical relevance.
Topics: Clinical Relevance; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA Methylation; Epigenesis, Genetic; Glucose; Humans | 2023 |
Association between organic cation transporter genetic polymorphisms and metformin response and intolerance in T2DM individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Cations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pol | 2023 |
Review of the Case Reports on Metformin, Sulfonylurea, and Thiazolidinedione Therapies in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin, Regular, Hu | 2023 |
Identification of Novel Intronic SNPs in Transporter Genes Associated with Metformin Side Effects.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Female; Humans; Introns; | 2023 |
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and safety in the preconception period.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Recepto | 2023 |
The Impact of Metformin on Tumor-Infiltrated Immune Cells: Preclinical and Clinical Studies.
Topics: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Immunothe | 2023 |
Effects of metformin on the gut microbiota: A systematic review.
Topics: Bacteria; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Metformin | 2023 |
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of 10 glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review.
Topics: Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Glycated Hemogl | 2023 |
Comparing the effectiveness of metformin with lifestyle modification for the primary prevention of type II diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Adolescent; Behavior Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Life Style; Metformin; Middle Aged; | 2023 |
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of six GLP-1RAs for treatment of Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients that inadequately controlled on metformin: a micro-simulation model.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Comorbidity; Computer Simulation; Cost of Illness; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Cost-Effe | 2023 |
Second-Line Pharmaceutical Treatments for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Antiviral Agents; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitor | 2023 |
Metformin in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Dementia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin | 2023 |
The effect of metformin therapy on serum thyrotropin and free thyroxine concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Metformin; Thyroid Hormones; T | 2023 |
Efficacy and safety of polyethylene glycol loxenatide in type 2 diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Nausea; Randomized Controlled Tri | 2023 |
The Effects of Oral Probiotics on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM): A Clinical Trial Systematic Literature Review.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Lipids; Metformin; Probiotics | 2023 |
[The role of antidiabetic drugs in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: systematic review].
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incretins; Insul | 2023 |
Epidemiological, Pathophysiological, and Clinical Considerations on the Interplay between Thyroid Disorders and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Thyroid Diseases | 2023 |
Metformin as Anti-Aging Therapy: Is It for Everyone?
Topics: Aging; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lysosomes; Metformin; Mitochondria; P | 2019 |
Efficacy and safety of ipragliflozin as add-on to metformin for type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of double-blind randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug The | 2019 |
Topics: Acetylcholine; Acinetobacter baumannii; Actinobacteria; Action Potentials; Adalimumab; Adaptation, P | 2019 |
Understanding the glucoregulatory mechanisms of metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Electron Transport; Gastrointesti | 2019 |
Clinical and genetic predictors of diabetes drug's response.
Topics: Acarbose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Precision Medicine; Pre | 2019 |
Mechanism of glucose-lowering by metformin in type 2 diabetes: Role of bile acids.
Topics: Bile Acids and Salts; Blood Glucose; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Hu | 2020 |
Is the use of metformin in patients undergoing dialysis hazardous for life? A systematic review of the safety of metformin in patients undergoing dialysis.
Topics: Acidosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Monitoring; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Kidney; Kidney Di | 2019 |
Considerations when using alpha-glucosidase inhibitors in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: 1-Deoxynojirimycin; Acarbose; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2019 |
Metformin lactic acidosis: Should we still be afraid?
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2019 |
Impact of metformin on the risk and treatment outcomes of tuberculosis in diabetics: a systematic review.
Topics: Antitubercular Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Odds Ratio | 2019 |
Recent Insights Into Mechanisms of β-Cell Lipo- and Glucolipotoxicity in Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Autophagy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; Fatty Acids, Nonesterif | 2020 |
Meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors and incretin based agents combination therapy vs. SGLT2i alone or add-on to metformin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; In | 2020 |
Metformin: Up to Date.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypergl | 2020 |
Metformin: A Salutary Candidate for Colorectal Cancer Treatment in Patients with Diabetes.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2019 |
[Interest of a pharmacovigilance medical consultation: Example of metformin-induced-vitamin B12 deficiency].
Topics: Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Aged; Anemia, Megaloblastic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dru | 2019 |
A Review of Cardiovascular Outcomes Trials of Glucose-Lowering Therapies and Their Effects on Heart Failure Outcomes.
Topics: Acarbose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Rec | 2019 |
Neglecting regression to the mean continues to lead to unwarranted conclusions: Letter regarding "The magnitude of weight loss induced by metformin is independently associated with BMI at baseline in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: Post-hoc analysis from
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2019 |
The Changing Landscape of Pharmacotherapy for Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Cardiovascular Outcomes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-L | 2019 |
Glucose-lowering therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Humans; Hypogl | 2019 |
Drugs for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Compounding; Glucagon-Like Pepti | 2019 |
The right place for metformin today.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Middle Aged | 2020 |
Metformin for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in persons at increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Intolerance; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Me | 2019 |
Cost Utility of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Metformin Monotherapy Failed Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Female; Humans | 2019 |
Suppressive effects of metformin on colorectal adenoma incidence and malignant progression.
Topics: Adenoma; Asian People; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Humans; | 2020 |
Monotherapy with Metformin versus Sulfonylureas and Risk of Cancer in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Metformin; Neoplasms; Sulfonylure | 2019 |
Effect of antidiabetic treatment on bone.
Topics: Animals; Bone and Bones; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypogl | 2019 |
Sulfonylurea and fracture risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformin; Risk Fa | 2020 |
Metformin and cognition from the perspectives of sex, age, and disease.
Topics: Animals; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Longevity; Metformin | 2020 |
Cardiovascular risk following metformin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Results from meta-analysis.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Metformi | 2020 |
A review of phenformin, metformin, and imeglimin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Me | 2020 |
Efficacy and safety of anti-hyperglycaemic drugs in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with or without diabetes: An updated systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Hum | 2020 |
Metformin: An old drug against old age and associated morbidities.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Mo | 2020 |
Reduction in HbA1c with SGLT2 inhibitors vs. DPP-4 inhibitors as add-ons to metformin monotherapy according to baseline HbA1c: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glycated Hemoglobin; H | 2020 |
Metformin and cardiorenal outcomes in diabetes: A reappraisal.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Prospect | 2020 |
An investigation into the pleiotropic activity of metformin. A glimpse of haemostasis.
Topics: Blood Platelets; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelium, Vascular; Hemostas | 2020 |
Fixed-dose combination of empagliflozin and linagliptin for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fe | 2020 |
Reducing the Burden of Diabetes Treatment: A Review of Low-cost Oral Hypoglycemic Medications.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Cost of Illness; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; | 2020 |
Context-Dependent Pharmacological Effects of Metformin on the Immune System.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Immune System; Metformin; Neoplasms | 2020 |
The effect of metformin on gastric cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Asian People; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Prognosis; Stomach | 2020 |
[Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adolescents and young adults in primary care].
Topics: Adolescent; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Insulin; Metformin; Primary Health Care; Transition t | 2020 |
Metformin Treatment for Patients with Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Korean Diabetes Association and Korean Society of Nephrology Consensus Statement.
Topics: Contrast Media; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2020 |
Effect of metformin on the mortality of colorectal cancer patients with T2DM: meta-analysis of sex differences.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Male; Metform | 2020 |
Second revolution in cardiovascular prevention.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glucagon-Lik | 2020 |
Toxicity of Metformin and Hypoglycemic Therapies.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Monitoring; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2020 |
Metformin therapy and cognitive dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis and systematic review.
Topics: Cognitive Dysfunction; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin | 2020 |
Metformin and heart failure-related outcomes in patients with or without diabetes: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Randomized Control | 2021 |
[Relative frequency of urinary tract infections in patients affected by diabetes mellitus type 2 treated with metformin and SGLT2 inhibitor.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Network Meta-Analysis; Randomized | 2020 |
Clinical Review: Safety and Efficacy Comparison between Sulfonylureas and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors as Second-Line Therapies in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases | 2020 |
Role of Impaired Nutrient and Oxygen Deprivation Signaling and Deficient Autophagic Flux in Diabetic CKD Development: Implications for Understanding the Effects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2-Inhibitors.
Topics: Adenylate Kinase; Autophagy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Disease Progression; | 2020 |
Abdominal aortic aneurysm: a review on the role of oral antidiabetic drugs.
Topics: Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agent | 2020 |
Metformin in Oncology - How Far Is Its Repurposing as an Anticancer Drug?
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Repositionin | 2020 |
Novel Targets of Metformin in Cardioprotection: Beyond the Effects Mediated by AMPK.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Metformin; Myocard | 2021 |
The effect of metformin on lung cancer risk and survival in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Lung Neoplasms; Metformin | 2020 |
COVID-19 in diabetic patients: Related risks and specifics of management.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Betacoronavirus; Comorbidity; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Critical Illness; | 2020 |
Metformin and Its Benefits for Various Diseases.
Topics: Aging; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Neoplasms; Signal | 2020 |
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists or sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors as add-on therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes? A systematic review and meta-analysis of surrogate metabolic endpoints.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diarrhea; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucagon-Like Peptide | 2020 |
Impact of antidiabetic agents on dementia risk: A Bayesian network meta-analysis.
Topics: Bayes Theorem; Dementia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Humans; Hypo | 2020 |
Advances in the management of diabetes: therapies for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glucagon-Like Peptide- | 2020 |
The impact of metformin and aspirin on T-cell mediated inflammation: A systematic review of in vitro and in vivo findings.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitu | 2020 |
Metformin Biodistribution: A Key to Mechanisms of Action?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Tissue Distribution | 2020 |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus management in patients with chronic kidney disease: an update.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Humans; Hypogly | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2020 |
The effect of metformin on esophageal cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta‑analysis.
Topics: Asian People; Case-Control Studies; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Esophageal Neop | 2021 |
Incretin mimetics and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors as monotherapy or add-on to metformin for treatment of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therap | 2021 |
Mechanisms of action of metformin in type 2 diabetes: Effects on mitochondria and leukocyte-endothelium interactions.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelium; Humans; Leukocytes; Metformin; Mitochondria | 2020 |
Pharmaceutical Analytical Profile for Novel SGL-2 Inhibitor: Dapagliflozin.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucosides; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; | 2021 |
Significance of Metformin Use in Diabetic Kidney Disease.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Disease Progression; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2020 |
Long-term efficacy of gliflozins versus gliptins for Type 2 Diabetes after metformin failure: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Humans; Hypogly | 2020 |
Liraglutide: New Perspectives for the Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; | 2020 |
Noninsulin Diabetes Therapies in Older Adults.
Topics: Aged; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Management; Healthy Lifestyle; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2020 |
Metformin and colorectal cancer: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression.
Topics: Adenoma; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2020 |
Metformin and risk of cancer among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Neoplasms | 2021 |
Glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists for treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes who fail metformin monotherapy: systematic review and meta-analysis of economic evaluation studies.
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2020 |
Comparisons between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and other classes of hypoglycemic drugs using two distinct biomarkers of pancreatic beta-cell function: A meta-analysis.
Topics: Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2020 |
Association between metformin and neurodegenerative diseases of observational studies: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Thiaz | 2020 |
Relationship between metformin therapy and risk of colorectal cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Europe; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2020 |
Fighting Diabetes Mellitus: Pharmacological and Non-pharmacological Approaches.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Humans; Hypo | 2020 |
Metformin and COVID-19: From cellular mechanisms to reduced mortality.
Topics: Aged; Comorbidity; COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hospitalization; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2020 |
Metformin treatment in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2020 |
Association between combined treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors and metformin for type 2 diabetes mellitus on fracture risk: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Randomized Controlled Trials as T | 2020 |
Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin plus saxagliptin vs monotherapy as added to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis.
Topics: Adamantane; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2020 |
Efficacy of Once-Weekly Semaglutide vs Empagliflozin Added to Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: Patient-Level Meta-analysis.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2020 |
Efficacy of Once-Weekly Semaglutide vs Empagliflozin Added to Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: Patient-Level Meta-analysis.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2020 |
Efficacy of Once-Weekly Semaglutide vs Empagliflozin Added to Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: Patient-Level Meta-analysis.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2020 |
Efficacy of Once-Weekly Semaglutide vs Empagliflozin Added to Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: Patient-Level Meta-analysis.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2020 |
Efficacy of Once-Weekly Semaglutide vs Empagliflozin Added to Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: Patient-Level Meta-analysis.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2020 |
Efficacy of Once-Weekly Semaglutide vs Empagliflozin Added to Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: Patient-Level Meta-analysis.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2020 |
Efficacy of Once-Weekly Semaglutide vs Empagliflozin Added to Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: Patient-Level Meta-analysis.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2020 |
Efficacy of Once-Weekly Semaglutide vs Empagliflozin Added to Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: Patient-Level Meta-analysis.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2020 |
Efficacy of Once-Weekly Semaglutide vs Empagliflozin Added to Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: Patient-Level Meta-analysis.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2020 |
Efficacy of Once-Weekly Semaglutide vs Empagliflozin Added to Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: Patient-Level Meta-analysis.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2020 |
Efficacy of Once-Weekly Semaglutide vs Empagliflozin Added to Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: Patient-Level Meta-analysis.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2020 |
Efficacy of Once-Weekly Semaglutide vs Empagliflozin Added to Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: Patient-Level Meta-analysis.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2020 |
Efficacy of Once-Weekly Semaglutide vs Empagliflozin Added to Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: Patient-Level Meta-analysis.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2020 |
Efficacy of Once-Weekly Semaglutide vs Empagliflozin Added to Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: Patient-Level Meta-analysis.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2020 |
Efficacy of Once-Weekly Semaglutide vs Empagliflozin Added to Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: Patient-Level Meta-analysis.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2020 |
Efficacy of Once-Weekly Semaglutide vs Empagliflozin Added to Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: Patient-Level Meta-analysis.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2020 |
Association of Metformin Use with Asthma Exacerbation in Patients with Concurrent Asthma and Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.
Topics: Asthma; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Humans; Metformin; Observational Studies as | 2020 |
The feasibility of Chinese massage as an auxiliary way of replacing or reducing drugs in the clinical treatment of adult type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; China; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitu | 2020 |
Metformin May Contribute to Inter-individual Variability for Glycemic Responses to Exercise.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Glycemic Con | 2020 |
Shared signaling pathways in Alzheimer's and metabolic disease may point to new treatment approaches.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Cerebral Cortex; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pep | 2021 |
Antidiabetic drugs for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: Repurposing insulin, metformin, and thiazolidinediones.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Repositioning; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insul | 2020 |
Psychological distress among health care professionals of the three COVID-19 most affected Regions in Cameroon: Prevalence and associated factors.
Topics: 3' Untranslated Regions; 5'-Nucleotidase; A549 Cells; Accidental Falls; Acetylcholinesterase; Acryli | 2021 |
Oral Semaglutide: The First-available Noninjectable Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Glucagon-Like Pep | 2020 |
Pharmacotherapeutic options for prediabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; Metformin; | 2021 |
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Metformin Action.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2021 |
Metformin: A Growing Journey from Glycemic Control to the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease and Depression.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycemic Control; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2021 |
Anti-inflammatory properties of antidiabetic drugs: A "promised land" in the COVID-19 era?
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Comorbidity; COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV | 2020 |
Mortality risk with preadmission metformin use in patients with COVID-19 and diabetes: A meta-analysis.
Topics: Cohort Studies; COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Observational Studies as Top | 2021 |
[Statement of the Spanish Interdisciplinary Vascular Prevention Committee on the updated European Cardiovascular Prevention Guidelines.]
Topics: Cardiology; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Exercise; Humans; Kidney Failu | 2020 |
The clinical application of metformin in children and adolescents: A short update.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistanc | 2020 |
Relationships are between metformin use and survival in pancreatic cancer patients concurrent with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male | 2020 |
Time course and dose effect of metformin on weight in patients with different disease states.
Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Huma | 2020 |
Risk of Skin Cancer Associated with Metformin Use: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and Observational Studies.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Observational Studies as Topic; Prediabetic State; Ran | 2021 |
Pharmacogenetics of Type 2 Diabetes-Progress and Prospects.
Topics: Benzamides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 R | 2020 |
Role of metformin in various pathologies: state-of-the-art microcapsules for improving its pharmacokinetics.
Topics: Biological Availability; Capsules; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2020 |
Clinical Evidence of Antidepressant Effects of Insulin and Anti-Hyperglycemic Agents and Implications for the Pathophysiology of Depression-A Literature Review.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Huma | 2020 |
Efficacy and safety of a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor versus placebo as an add-on therapy for people with type 2 diabetes inadequately treated with metformin and a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor: a systematic review and meta-analysis of ran
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hy | 2021 |
Early combination versus initial metformin monotherapy in the management of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: An East Asian perspective.
Topics: Asia, Eastern; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglo | 2021 |
Durability of glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis for its association with body weight changes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Ther | 2021 |
Adipokines as a therapeutic target by metformin to improve metabolic function: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Adipokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Metabolic Sy | 2021 |
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2020 |
Osmolar-gap in the setting of metformin-associated lactic acidosis: Case report and a literature review highlighting an apparently unusual association.
Topics: Acid-Base Imbalance; Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypog | 2020 |
Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors with and without metformin: A meta-analysis of cardiovascular, kidney and mortality outcomes.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Kidney; Metformin; Sodium; Sodi | 2021 |
Pharmacotherapeutic considerations for the management of diabetes mellitus among hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Blood Glucose; Comorbidity; COVID-19; Deprescriptions; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2021 |
Evaluating the Evidence behind the Novel Strategy of Early Combination from Vision to Implementation.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Vildagliptin | 2020 |
Metformin Use and Risk of All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Met | 2020 |
Targeting ageing and preventing organ degeneration with metformin.
Topics: Aging; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2021 |
Could metformin modulate cardiovascular outcomes differently with DPP-4 inhibitors compared with SGLT2 inhibitors?
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Humans; Hypo | 2021 |
Prescription trends and costs of diabetes medications in Australia between 2003 and 2019: an analysis and review of the literature.
Topics: Aged; Australia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; National Health | 2022 |
Current Status and Application of Metformin for Prostate Cancer: A Comprehensive Review.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Pr | 2020 |
[New and old glucose lowering drugs; a state-of-the-art review].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibit | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Bias; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Efficacy and Cardiovascular Safety of Sulfonylureas.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhi | 2021 |
Metformin: still the sweet spot for CV protection in diabetes?
Topics: Animals; Cardiotonic Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2020 |
Rationale for the use of metformin and exercise to counteract statin-associated side effects.
Topics: Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase I | 2021 |
Metformin: Is it Still the First Line in Type 2 Diabetes Management Algorithm?
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Quality of Lif | 2021 |
SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP1 agonists administered without metformin compared to other glucose-lowering drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus to prevent cardiovascular events: A systematic review.
Topics: Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Drug Therapy, Comb | 2021 |
Metformin, chronic nephropathy and lactic acidosis: a multi-faceted issue for the nephrologist.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Kidney Failure, Chronic; M | 2021 |
NOX-Dependent Signaling Dysregulation in Severe COVID-19: Clues to Effective Treatments.
Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; Cardiovascular Diseases; Comorbidity; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treat | 2020 |
Effect of Metformin on Circulating Levels of Inflammatory Markers in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Topics: Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Inflammation; Metformin; Randomized Controlled Trials | 2021 |
Efficacy and Cardiovascular Safety of Metformin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2021 |
Cardiovascular safety and efficacy of metformin-SGLT2i versus metformin-sulfonylureas in type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Heart; Human | 2021 |
[Metformin Therapy During Surgical Interventions and Iodinated Contrast Agent Use].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Contrast Media; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Hyp | 2021 |
Association of metformin monotherapy or combined therapy with cardiovascular risks in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Heart Disease Risk Fa | 2021 |
Cost-effectiveness of Diabetes Prevention Interventions Targeting High-risk Individuals and Whole Populations: A Systematic Review.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Community Networks; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endocrinology; He | 2020 |
Effect of metformin on all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events: An updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Met | 2021 |
Efficacy and safety of glucokinase activators for type 2 diabetes mellitus therapy: a meta-analysis of double-blind randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, C | 2021 |
Interventions for preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with mental disorders in low- and middle-income countries.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Antioxidants; Antipsychotic Agents; Blood Glucose; Bo | 2021 |
Cardiovascular outcomes associated with SGLT-2 inhibitors versus other glucose-lowering drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes: A real-world systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV I | 2021 |
Novel antidiabetic drugs and risk of cardiovascular events in patients without baseline metformin use: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Heart Failure; | 2021 |
Metformin Benefits: Another Example for Alternative Energy Substrate Mechanism?
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Prospective Stu | 2021 |
Comparison of the effect of glucose-lowering agents on the risk of atrial fibrillation: A network meta-analysis.
Topics: Atrial Fibrillation; Bayes Theorem; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformi | 2021 |
T helper 17 cells: A new actor on the stage of type 2 diabetes and aging?
Topics: Aging; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Metformi | 2021 |
Metformin and health outcomes: An umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fema | 2021 |
Mechanism and application of metformin in kidney diseases: An update.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephro | 2021 |
Metformin use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease: An evidence-based review.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Renal Insuf | 2021 |
Metformin improves survival in patients with concurrent diabetes and small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lung Neoplasms; Metformin; Small Cell Lung C | 2023 |
Glucose-Lowering Drugs to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 R | 2021 |
Metformin: Is It the Well Wisher of Bone Beyond Glycemic Control in Diabetes Mellitus?
Topics: Animals; Bone Density; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycemic Control; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Met | 2021 |
Multifaceted Mechanisms of Action of Metformin Which Have Been Unraveled One after Another in the Long History.
Topics: Autophagy; COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Insulin-Secreti | 2021 |
The Relationship between the Gut Microbiome and Metformin as a Key for Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Bile Acids and Salts; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Gastrointesti | 2021 |
Effects of Metformin on Hepatic Steatosis in Adults with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Diabetes: Insights from the Cellular to Patient Levels.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Metf | 2021 |
The therapeutic potentials of apelin in obesity-associated diseases.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Obesity Agents; Apelin; Apelin Receptors; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Cardiomy | 2021 |
Biguanides: Species with versatile therapeutic applications.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Biguanides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; | 2021 |
Metformin for Preventing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Women with a Previous Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes: A Narrative Review.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Life Style; Metformin; Postpartum | 2020 |
Metformin extended-release versus metformin immediate-release for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Randomized Controlled Tria | 2021 |
How far along are we in revealing the connection between metformin and colorectal cancer?
Topics: Colonic Neoplasms; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Met | 2021 |
Glucose-lowering action through targeting islet dysfunction in type 2 diabetes: Focus on dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition.
Topics: Asia, Eastern; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipep | 2021 |
Metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure: a review.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pharmaceutical Pre | 2021 |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and sepsis: state of the art, certainties and missing evidence.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Insulin; Metformin; Sepsis | 2021 |
The different hypoglycemic effects between East Asian and non-Asian type 2 diabetes patients when treated with SGLT-2 inhibitors as an add-on treatment for metformin: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Asian People; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglob | 2021 |
Repurposing metformin for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer.
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformin | 2021 |
Repurposing metformin for covid-19 complications in patients with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance.
Topics: COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Repositioning; Humans; Insulin Resistance; | 2021 |
Beneficial Effects of Metformin on the Central Nervous System, with a Focus on Epilepsy and Lafora Disease.
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Epilepsy; Humans | 2021 |
Youth-onset type 2 diabetes: translating epidemiology into clinical trials.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycemic Control; Hu | 2021 |
GLP-1 receptor agonists for cardiovascular outcomes with and without metformin. A systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcomes trials.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Humans; Hypogl | 2021 |
Prediabetes: how pathophysiology drives potential intervention on a subclinical disease with feared clinical consequences.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Metformin; Prediabetic State; Sodium-Glucose | 2021 |
Metformin and insulin-resistant related diseases: Emphasis on the role of microRNAs.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Metfor | 2021 |
Clinical Perspectives on the Use of Subcutaneous and Oral Formulations of Semaglutide.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Comorbidity; Decision Making; Diabetes M | 2021 |
Could the use of butyric acid have a positive effect on microbiota and treatment of type 2 diabetes?
Topics: Butyric Acid; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; M | 2021 |
Therapy of Type 2 Diabetes in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection.
Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase | 2021 |
The effect of metformin on mortality and severity in COVID-19 patients with diabetes mellitus.
Topics: COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2021 |
Role of metformin and other metabolic drugs in the prevention and therapy of endocrine-related cancers.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endocrine Gland Neoplasms; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformi | 2021 |
Autosomic dominant polycystic kidney disease and metformin: Old knowledge and new insights on retarding progression of chronic kidney disease.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Kidney; Metformin; Mutation; Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominan | 2022 |
Impact of metformin use on risk and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma in diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2022 |
Potential mechanisms of metformin-induced memory impairment.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Memory Disorders; Metformin | 2021 |
The Relationship between Diabetes Mellitus and Gastric Cancer and the Potential Benefits of Metformin: An Extensive Review of the Literature.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gastrectomy; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hy | 2021 |
The efficacy and safety of metformin alone or as an add-on therapy to insulin in pregnancy with GDM or T2DM: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 21 randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Birth Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; G | 2022 |
GDF15: emerging biology and therapeutic applications for obesity and cardiometabolic disease.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Growth Differentiation Factor 15; Human | 2021 |
SGLT2 Inhibitors or GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Reduce Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Glucagon-Lik | 2021 |
Diabetes and pancreatic cancer: recent insights with implications for early diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Early Detection of Cancer; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pancre | 2021 |
Effects of Sitagliptin as Monotherapy and Add-On to Metformin on Weight Loss among Overweight and Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2021 |
The Protective Effect of Metformin on Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Topics: Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Humans; H | 2021 |
Treatment of type 2 diabetes in children: what are the specific considerations?
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liraglutide; Metformin; W | 2021 |
A Critical Review of the Evidence That Metformin Is a Putative Anti-Aging Drug That Enhances Healthspan and Extends Lifespan.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Caenorhabditis elegans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Longevity; Metformin; Mic | 2021 |
The Impact of Glucose-Lowering Drugs on Sarcopenia in Type 2 Diabetes: Current Evidence and Underlying Mechanisms.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Hand Strength; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2021 |
Network Meta-analysis of the Therapeutic Effects of Hypoglycemic Drugs and Intensive Lifestyle Modification on Impaired Glucose Tolerance.
Topics: Acarbose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; M | 2021 |
Metformin-like antidiabetic, cardio-protective and non-glycemic effects of naringenin: Molecular and pharmacological insights.
Topics: Animals; Cardiotonic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Flavanones; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Met | 2017 |
Evaluating the costs of glycemic response with canagliflozin versus dapagliflozin and empagliflozin as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the United Arab Emirates.
Topics: Bayes Theorem; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucos | 2017 |
SODIUM GLUCOSE COTRANSPORTER 2 AND DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE-4 INHIBITION: PROMISE OF A DYNAMIC DUO.
Topics: Adamantane; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptide | 2017 |
Pioglitazone utilization, efficacy & safety in Indian type 2 diabetic patients: A systematic review & comparison with European Medicines Agency Assessment Report.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions | 2016 |
Hot Topics in Primary Care: Titratable Fixed-Ratio Combinations in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Focus on GLP-1R Agonists Combined With Basal Insulin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycat | 2017 |
Cost-effectiveness of vildagliptin for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Brazil; findings and implications.
Topics: Adamantane; Brazil; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibi | 2017 |
Metformin Use Is Associated with Reduced Incidence and Improved Survival of Endometrial Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endometrial Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pr | 2017 |
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA): Moving towards a new paradigm.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Risk F | 2017 |
Sulfonylureas and the Risks of Cardiovascular Events and Death: A Methodological Meta-Regression Analysis of the Observational Studies.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Regressi | 2017 |
Diabetes, bone and glucose-lowering agents: basic biology.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Glucose; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Diabetes Mell | 2017 |
The gut microbiome as a target for prevention and treatment of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes: from current human evidence to future possibilities.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Metformin | 2017 |
Metformin is associated with survival benefit in pancreatic cancer patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Proportiona | 2017 |
New insights into antidiabetic drugs: Possible applications in cancer treatment.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; Biguanides; Cell Proliferation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hum | 2017 |
Dipeptidyl-peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 analogues for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adamantane; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Exenatide; | 2017 |
Transporters Involved in Metformin Pharmacokinetics and Treatment Response.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Transporter Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Polymorphism, Gen | 2017 |
Malaria and diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Antimalarials; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency | 2017 |
Cardiovascular Protection in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: A Review of Clinical Trial Results Across Drug Classes.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV I | 2017 |
Pharmacologic Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Diabetes: A Case for Therapies in Addition to Statins.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dyslipidemias; Fenofibrate; Glucagon-Like Peptid | 2017 |
Diabetes Update: New Pharmacotherapy for Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Ther | 2017 |
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of metformin treatment on overall mortality rates in women with endometrial cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endometrial Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Re | 2017 |
Enemies or weapons in hands: investigational anti-diabetic drug glibenclamide and cancer risk.
Topics: Animals; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2017 |
Preventing progression from gestational diabetes mellitus to diabetes: A thought-filled review.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Hypogl | 2017 |
Update on Cardiovascular Effects of Older and Newer Anti-diabetic Medications.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl- | 2018 |
A network meta-analysis for efficacy and safety of seven regimens in the treatment of type II diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2017 |
Metformin - a Future Therapy for Neurodegenerative Diseases : Theme: Drug Discovery, Development and Delivery in Alzheimer's Disease Guest Editor: Davide Brambilla.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Antioxidants; Chol | 2017 |
Cardiovascular Protection in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: A Review of Clinical Trial Results Across Drug Classes.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV I | 2017 |
Pharmacologic Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Available Therapies.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV I | 2017 |
THE PHYSIOLOGY BEHIND DIABETES MELLITUS IN PATIENTS WITH PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE.
Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Catecholamines; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mel | 2017 |
Effect of the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus on the development of cognitive impairment and dementia.
Topics: Carbamates; Cause of Death; Cognition Disorders; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glyburide; Humans; Hypog | 2017 |
[Effect of metformin on colorectal carcinoma in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a Markov model analysis].
Topics: Adult; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pros | 2017 |
Cancer risks of anti-hyperglycemic drugs for type 2 diabetes treatment - a clinical appraisal.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incretins; Insulin | 2017 |
Efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors as monotherapy or add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Anti-Obesity Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Resistance; | 2018 |
Long-term efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors as add-on to metformin treatment in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Membrane Transpor | 2017 |
Can Fundus Fluorescein Angiography be Performed for Diabetic Patients on Oral Metformin?.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Contrast Media; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Fluorescein A | 2017 |
Optimizing diabetes treatment in the presence of obesity.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Obesity Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Gly | 2017 |
Acid-base and electrolyte disorders associated with the use of antidiabetic drugs.
Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Acid-Base Imbalance; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2017 |
Cardiovascular benefits and safety of non-insulin medications used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Benzamides; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2017 |
Pharmaceutical Interventions for Diabetes Prevention in Patients at Risk.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Obesity; Randomize | 2018 |
Metformin: clinical use in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Biguanides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2017 |
Metformin for diabetes prevention: insights gained from the Diabetes Prevention Program/Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Prediabetic State | 2017 |
Metformin for diabetes prevention: insights gained from the Diabetes Prevention Program/Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Prediabetic State | 2017 |
Metformin for diabetes prevention: insights gained from the Diabetes Prevention Program/Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Prediabetic State | 2017 |
Metformin for diabetes prevention: insights gained from the Diabetes Prevention Program/Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Prediabetic State | 2017 |
Impact of metformin on cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of randomised trials among people with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metf | 2017 |
The pharmacogenetics of metformin.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Metformin; Pharmacogeneti | 2017 |
Repurposing metformin for the prevention of cancer and cancer recurrence.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Repositioning; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Neop | 2017 |
The mechanisms of action of metformin.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Biguanides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2017 |
The mechanisms of action of metformin.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Biguanides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2017 |
The mechanisms of action of metformin.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Biguanides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2017 |
The mechanisms of action of metformin.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Biguanides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2017 |
[Pharmacological approaches for correction of thyroid dysfunctions in diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Antioxidants; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gene Expression; Humans; Hypothy | 2017 |
Systematic review of metformin monotherapy and dual therapy with sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT-2) in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2017 |
Metformin reduces all-cause mortality and diseases of ageing independent of its effect on diabetes control: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Aging; Cardiovascular Diseases; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2017 |
Metformin - a new old drug.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Liver; Metformin; Polycystic | 2017 |
Metformin: a review of its potential indications.
Topics: Aging; Antineoplastic Agents; Blood Glucose; Cardiotonic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; | 2017 |
Still sour about lactic acidosis years later: role of metformin in heart failure.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Global Health; Heart Failure; Humans; Hy | 2018 |
Dapagliflozin/Saxagliptin Fixed-Dose Tablets: A New Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 and Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Combination for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Drug Combinations; Drug The | 2018 |
Combination therapy of metformin plus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor versus metformin plus sulfonylurea and their association with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inh | 2017 |
The pathophysiological basis of the protective effects of metformin in heart failure.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Myocardium; | 2017 |
Medical comorbidity in polycystic ovary syndrome with special focus on cardiometabolic, autoimmune, hepatic and cancer diseases: an updated review.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Liver; Femal | 2017 |
Antidiabetic drugs and stroke risk. Current evidence.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptides; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metfo | 2018 |
Efficacy and safety of liraglutide versus sitagliptin both in combination with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Monitoring; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; | 2017 |
Risk of pre-eclampsia in women taking metformin: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Adult; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2018 |
Efficacy and safety of metformin in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in older adults: a systematic review for the development of recommendations to reduce potentially inappropriate prescribing.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inappropriate Prescribing; Metformin; | 2017 |
Metformin Use May Moderate the Effect of DPP-4 Inhibitors on Cardiovascular Outcomes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Interactions; Humans; Metformin; | 2017 |
Management of Diabetes in Children and Adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child Welfare; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy | 2017 |
Effectiveness of sitagliptin compared to sulfonylureas for type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pep | 2017 |
[Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: an insufficiently recognised problem].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2017 |
Preventing type 2 diabetes: systematic review of studies of cost-effectiveness of lifestyle programmes and metformin, with and without screening, for pre-diabetes.
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Life Style; Metformin; Prediabetic State; | 2017 |
Metformin Use in Children and Adolescents with Prediabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pediatric Obes | 2017 |
5. Prevention or Delay of Type 2 Diabetes:
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Chemoprevention; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2018 |
A reappraisal on metformin.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2018 |
When metformin is not enough: Pros and cons of SGLT2 and DPP-4 inhibitors as a second line therapy.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2018 |
Metformin, Asian ethnicity and risk of prostate cancer in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Asian People; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ethnicity; Humans; Male; Metformin; Prostatic Neoplasms; Ri | 2018 |
Diabetes medications and cardiovascular disease: at long last progress.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hy | 2018 |
A clinical update on metformin and lung cancer in diabetic patients.
Topics: Animals; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Cell Cycle; Clinical Trials as T | 2018 |
Efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors as add-on to metformin and sulfonylurea treatment for the management of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; | 2018 |
GLP-1 receptor agonists show neuroprotective effects in animal models of diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Brain; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Glucago | 2018 |
Epigenetic effects of metformin: From molecular mechanisms to clinical implications.
Topics: Acetylation; Animals; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DN | 2018 |
Higher mortality rate in patients with heart failure who are taking commonly prescribed antidiabetic medications and achieve recommended levels of glycaemic control.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Heart Failure; Humans; | 2018 |
Ertugliflozin: First Global Approval.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Approval; Hu | 2018 |
Metformin for lung cancer prevention and improved survival: a novel approach.
Topics: Carcinogenesis; Carcinogens; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Huma | 2019 |
Pharmacogenetics and target identification in diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Genotype; Glucose Transporter Type 2; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha; | 2018 |
Effect of hypoglycemic agents on survival outcomes of lung cancer patients with diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Lung Neo | 2018 |
Pharmacogenetics of oral antidiabetic therapy.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformin; Ph | 2018 |
Association of Metformin with Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Patients with Type II Diabetes: A GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Metform | 2018 |
Metformin: old friend, new ways of action-implication of the gut microbiome?
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dysbiosis; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Gastr | 2018 |
Prediabetes in Colombia: Expert Consensus.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Colombia; Consensus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Humans | 2017 |
Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: A Pathophysiological-Based Approach.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Genomics; Humans; Metformin; Predia | 2018 |
Glycemic control of type 2 diabetes mellitus across stages of renal impairment: information for primary care providers.
Topics: Benzamides; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase I | 2018 |
Cardioprotective Effects of Metformin.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes | 2018 |
Comparative efficacy of once-weekly semaglutide and SGLT-2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy: a systematic literature review and network meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptides; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Sodium-Gl | 2018 |
Comparative efficacy of once-weekly semaglutide and SGLT-2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy: a systematic literature review and network meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptides; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Sodium-Gl | 2018 |
Comparative efficacy of once-weekly semaglutide and SGLT-2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy: a systematic literature review and network meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptides; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Sodium-Gl | 2018 |
Comparative efficacy of once-weekly semaglutide and SGLT-2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy: a systematic literature review and network meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptides; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Sodium-Gl | 2018 |
Glucose lowering strategies and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes - teachings from the TOSCA.IT study.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2018 |
Effect of different glucose-lowering therapies on cancer incidence in type 2 diabetes: An observational population-based study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2018 |
Metformin in cancer.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Neoplasms | 2018 |
Analysis of Fractures in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Empagliflozin in Pooled Data From Placebo-Controlled Trials and a Head-to-Head Study Versus Glimepiride.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Bone Density; Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic; Clinical Trials, | 2018 |
Treatment of 'Diabesity': Beyond Pharmacotherapy.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Obesity; | 2018 |
Metformin and Colorectal Cancer - A Systematic Review.
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Metformin | 2019 |
Understanding the impact of commonly utilized, non-insulin, glucose-lowering drugs on body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Ex | 2018 |
Actions of metformin and statins on lipid and glucose metabolism and possible benefit of combination therapy.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interac | 2018 |
Metformin in Pregnancy: Mechanisms and Clinical Applications.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Insulin; Me | 2018 |
Genetic polymorphisms of organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) and responses to metformin therapy in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review.
Topics: Alleles; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genotype; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hy | 2018 |
Making sense of newer treatment options for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glucagon-Lik | 2018 |
Should Metformin Remain First-Line Medical Therapy for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease? An Alternative Approach.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; M | 2018 |
SGLT2 Inhibitors in Combination Therapy: From Mechanisms to Clinical Considerations in Type 2 Diabetes Management.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, | 2018 |
mTOR Inhibitor Therapy and Metabolic Consequences: Where Do We Stand?
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Metformin; TOR S | 2018 |
Association of metformin intake with bladder cancer risk and oncologic outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Disease-Free Survival; Female; Humans; Hypogly | 2018 |
[Polycystic ovary syndrome - current state of knowledge].
Topics: Adult; Clomiphene; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fertility Agents, Female; Humans; Infertility, | 2018 |
Safe Use of Metformin in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease: Lower Dosages and Sick-Day Education Are Essential.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Hyp | 2019 |
The present and future treatment of pediatric type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glucagon-Like Pept | 2018 |
The safety of empagliflozin plus metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2018 |
Sex and BMI Alter the Benefits and Risks of Sulfonylureas and Thiazolidinediones in Type 2 Diabetes: A Framework for Evaluating Stratification Using Routine Clinical and Individual Trial Data.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Datasets as T | 2018 |
A preclinical overview of metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug | 2018 |
Review of Metformin Use for Type 2 Diabetes Prevention.
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2018 |
[Cardiovascular safety of DPP-4 inhibitors compared to that of sulfonylureas].
Topics: Cardiotoxicity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2018 |
Efficacy of different antidiabetic drugs based on metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A network meta-analysis involving eight eligible randomized-controlled trials.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Exenatide; Female; Glyburide; Humans; M | 2019 |
Comparison of antidiabetic drugs added to sulfonylurea monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A network meta-analysis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Comb | 2018 |
Metformin as an Anticancer Agent.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Electron T | 2018 |
Metformin improves survival in lung cancer patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis.
Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; China; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans | 2019 |
Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin added to treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with premixed insulin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Drug | 2019 |
Metformin and blood cancers.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Leukemia; Lymphoma | 2018 |
Protective effects of metformin, statins and anti-inflammatory drugs on head and neck cancer: A systematic review.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studi | 2018 |
Is metformin still the most efficacious first-line oral hypoglycaemic drug in treating type 2 diabetes? A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformi | 2019 |
Metformin: An Old Drug with New Applications.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metabolic Syndrome; Metform | 2018 |
Metabolic Effects of Metformin in the Failing Heart.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypogly | 2018 |
Metabolic Effects of Metformin in Humans.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Glycogen; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin | 2019 |
Thyrovigilance in diabetes; glucovigilance in thyroidology.
Topics: Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypert | 2018 |
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ins | 2018 |
Pleiotropic effects of metformin: Shaping the microbiome to manage type 2 diabetes and postpone ageing.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Managemen | 2018 |
Metformin in Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pr | 2018 |
Metformin transporter pharmacogenomics: insights into drug disposition-where are we now?
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Genetic Variation; Genome-Wide Association Study; | 2018 |
Efficacy of DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 analogues, and SGLT2 inhibitors as add-ons to metformin monotherapy in T2DM patients: a model-based meta-analysis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Administration Sc | 2019 |
Emerging hormonal-based combination pharmacotherapies for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
Topics: Animals; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Com | 2019 |
The Metformin Paradox.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cell Membrane; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Erythrocyte Membrane; | 2020 |
Of mice and men: Is there a future for metformin in the treatment of hepatic steatosis?
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lipid Metabolism; Lipo | 2019 |
Body Weight Considerations in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase | 2019 |
Reflections on the sulphonylurea story: A drug class at risk of extinction or a drug class worth reviving?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dose-Response Rela | 2019 |
Impact of currently used anti-diabetic drugs on myoendothelial communication.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2019 |
Efficacy of Metformin Treatment with Respect to Weight Reduction in Children and Adults with Obesity: A Systematic Review.
Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, D | 2018 |
Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients With Prediabetes.
Topics: Cost Savings; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life S | 2019 |
Metformin; an old antidiabetic drug with new potentials in bone disorders.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Bone Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fractures, Bone; H | 2019 |
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Blood Glucose; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Exercise; Fasting; Glucose | 2018 |
Molecular mechanisms by which aerobic exercise induces insulin sensitivity.
Topics: Adipokines; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2019 |
Clinical management of combined tuberculosis and diabetes.
Topics: Antitubercular Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Me | 2018 |
Associations between metformin use and vitamin B
Topics: Anemia; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Per | 2019 |
SGLT2 inhibitors and metformin: Dual antihyperglycemic therapy and the risk of metabolic acidosis in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Benzhydryl Compounds; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Ketoacido | 2019 |
Conducting and interpreting results of network meta-analyses in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review of network meta-analyses that include sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucosides; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2019 |
Cost-effectiveness analysis of dapagliflozin treatment versus metformin treatment in Chinese population with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Age Factors; Age of Onset; Benzhydryl Compounds; Body Weight; China; Cholester | 2019 |
[Application of new glucose lowering drugs: DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glucagon-Like Peptide- | 2019 |
The Screening and Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Mass Scre | 2019 |
Metformin and gut microbiota: their interactions and their impact on diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Homeostasis; Humans; Metformin; Treatment Ou | 2019 |
Fixed-dose combination of ertugliflozin and metformin hydrochloride for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug C | 2019 |
Impact of Active Antihyperglycemic Components as Herbal Therapy for Preventive Health Care Management of Diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Peptides; | 2019 |
Antidiabetic Medications and the Risk of Endometrial Cancer in Patients.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endometrial Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2019 |
Anti-diabetic treatment leads to changes in gut microbiome.
Topics: alpha-Glucosidases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase | 2019 |
Review of Interventions for the Frailty Syndrome and the Role of Metformin as a Potential Pharmacologic Agent for Frailty Prevention.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Frailty; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Syndr | 2019 |
Metformin: Mechanisms in Human Obesity and Weight Loss.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Huma | 2019 |
Metformin Use and Lung Cancer Risk in Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lung Neoplasms; Metformin | 2019 |
Metformin use and prostate cancer risk: A meta-analysis of cohort studies.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; | 2019 |
Metformin and Breast Cancer: Molecular Targets.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2019 |
Myths about Insulin Resistance: Tribute to Gerald Reaven.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Hy | 2019 |
Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Therapies for the Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet Therapy; Dietary Fiber; Dysbiosis; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; | 2019 |
Ertugliflozin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Met | 2019 |
Effect of metformin on the risk of prostate cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes by considering different confounding factors: a meta-analysis of observational studies.
Topics: Alcoholism; Case-Control Studies; Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gly | 2020 |
Metformin and second- or third-generation sulphonylurea combination therapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Met | 2019 |
Metformin in 2019.
Topics: Contraindications, Drug; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Practice | 2019 |
Metformin in 2019.
Topics: Contraindications, Drug; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Practice | 2019 |
Metformin in 2019.
Topics: Contraindications, Drug; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Practice | 2019 |
Metformin in 2019.
Topics: Contraindications, Drug; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Practice | 2019 |
The association between metformin therapy and risk of gynecological cancer in patients: Two meta-analyses.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genital Neoplasms, Female; Humans; Incidence; Metformin; Protecti | 2019 |
Drugs to Control Diabetes During Pregnancy.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Glycated Hemogl | 2019 |
The role of gut microbiota in obesity, diabetes mellitus, and effect of metformin: new insights into old diseases.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metfor | 2019 |
Mechanisms of action of metformin with special reference to cardiovascular protection.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Prognosi | 2019 |
Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors Compared with Sulfonylureas in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Metformin: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypogly | 2019 |
Metformin as a protective agent against natural or chemical toxicities: a comprehensive review on drug repositioning.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Repositioning; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Huma | 2020 |
Metformin in tuberculosis: beyond control of hyperglycemia.
Topics: Antitubercular Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metfor | 2019 |
[GLP-1 analogues in 2019 : for whom and how ?]
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metf | 2019 |
Metformin: A review of its potential as enhancer for anti tuberculosis efficacy in diabetes mellitus-tuberculosis coinfection patients.
Topics: Antitubercular Agents; Coinfection; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combina | 2019 |
A systematic literature review of the effect of insulin sensitizers on the cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease in transgenic mice.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Animals; Brain; Cognition; | 2019 |
Does diabetes prevention translate into reduced long-term vascular complications of diabetes?
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes | 2019 |
Efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes mellitus with inadequate glycemic control on metformin: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Random | 2019 |
For colorectal cancer patients with type II diabetes, could metformin improve the survival rate? A meta-analysis.
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2020 |
Diabetes drugs in the fight against Alzheimer's disease.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyp | 2019 |
Comparative efficacy of once-weekly semaglutide versus SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients inadequately controlled with one to two oral antidiabetic drugs: a systematic literature review and network meta-analysis.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptides; Glucosides; | 2019 |
SHIPping out diabetes-Metformin, an old friend among new SHIP2 inhibitors.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Glomerular Filtration Barrier; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2020 |
Mitochondrial targets of metformin-Are they physiologically relevant?
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; | 2019 |
Envisioning the neuroprotective effect of Metformin in experimental epilepsy: A portrait of molecular crosstalk.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Epilepsy; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2019 |
[De-escalation of antihyperglycemic treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes - when less is more].
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; In | 2019 |
Effect of metformin on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with coronary artery diseases: a systematic review and an updated meta-analysis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cause of Death; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2019 |
The Association between Metformin Therapy and Lactic Acidosis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Causality; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Rena | 2019 |
Metformin and sulfonylureas in relation to cancer risk in type II diabetes patients: a meta-analysis using primary data of published studies.
Topics: Animals; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Carcinogens; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; | 2013 |
Efficacy and safety of Jentadueto® (linagliptin plus metformin).
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Linagliptin; Met | 2013 |
Diabetes and cancer: placing the association in perspective.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Diabetes Complications | 2013 |
Metformin therapy in diabetes: the role of cardioprotection.
Topics: Animals; Cardiotonic Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathi | 2013 |
Once weekly exenatide: efficacy, tolerability and place in therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diarrhea; Drug Administration | 2013 |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and youth.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Developing Countries; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes M | 2013 |
[Diabetes drugs and body weight].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Obesity; Overweight; Prognosis; R | 2013 |
Pharmacokinetic considerations for the treatment of diabetes in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Topics: Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glomerular Filtration Rat | 2013 |
Metformin and cancer.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; N | 2013 |
Metformin revisited: a critical review of the benefit-risk balance in at-risk patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2013 |
Evaluating second-line treatment options for type 2 diabetes: focus on secondary effects of GLP-1 agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors | 2013 |
[Which anti-tumour benefits to be expected from metformin?].
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2013 |
Revisiting the mechanisms of metformin action in the liver.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Galega; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; History, M | 2013 |
[New perspectives for metformin in cancer therapy].
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Repositioning; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2013 |
Efficacy and safety of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in combination with metformin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hy | 2013 |
Sulfonylureas and risk of falls and fractures: a systematic review.
Topics: Accidental Falls; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Fractures, Bone; Hu | 2013 |
[Management of type 2 diabetes: new or previous agents, how to choose?].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Body Weight; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pep | 2013 |
The effects of sulfonylureas plus metformin on lipids, blood pressure, and adverse events in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; L | 2013 |
Combination therapy of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and metformin in type 2 diabetes: rationale and evidence.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2014 |
Choice of therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin and a sulphonylurea: a systematic review and mixed-treatment comparison meta-analysis.
Topics: Bayes Theorem; Comparative Effectiveness Research; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
Obesity and its impact on breast cancer: tumor incidence, recurrence, survival, and possible interventions.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Neoplas | 2013 |
Update on the protective molecular pathways improving pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction.
Topics: Calcium; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin-Se | 2013 |
Physiologic and weight-focused treatment strategies for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus: the metformin, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, and insulin (MGI) approach.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; Exercise Therapy; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Human | 2013 |
Repositioning metformin for cancer prevention and treatment.
Topics: Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Hypogl | 2013 |
Clinical effects of once-weekly exenatide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Delayed-Acti | 2013 |
Clinically relevant reductions in HbA1c without hypoglycaemia: results across four studies of saxagliptin.
Topics: Adamantane; Area Under Curve; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipept | 2013 |
Clinically relevant reductions in HbA1c without hypoglycaemia: results across four studies of saxagliptin.
Topics: Adamantane; Area Under Curve; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipept | 2013 |
Clinically relevant reductions in HbA1c without hypoglycaemia: results across four studies of saxagliptin.
Topics: Adamantane; Area Under Curve; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipept | 2013 |
Clinically relevant reductions in HbA1c without hypoglycaemia: results across four studies of saxagliptin.
Topics: Adamantane; Area Under Curve; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipept | 2013 |
Clinically relevant reductions in HbA1c without hypoglycaemia: results across four studies of saxagliptin.
Topics: Adamantane; Area Under Curve; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipept | 2013 |
Clinically relevant reductions in HbA1c without hypoglycaemia: results across four studies of saxagliptin.
Topics: Adamantane; Area Under Curve; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipept | 2013 |
Clinically relevant reductions in HbA1c without hypoglycaemia: results across four studies of saxagliptin.
Topics: Adamantane; Area Under Curve; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipept | 2013 |
Clinically relevant reductions in HbA1c without hypoglycaemia: results across four studies of saxagliptin.
Topics: Adamantane; Area Under Curve; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipept | 2013 |
Clinically relevant reductions in HbA1c without hypoglycaemia: results across four studies of saxagliptin.
Topics: Adamantane; Area Under Curve; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipept | 2013 |
Clinically relevant reductions in HbA1c without hypoglycaemia: results across four studies of saxagliptin.
Topics: Adamantane; Area Under Curve; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipept | 2013 |
Clinically relevant reductions in HbA1c without hypoglycaemia: results across four studies of saxagliptin.
Topics: Adamantane; Area Under Curve; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipept | 2013 |
Clinically relevant reductions in HbA1c without hypoglycaemia: results across four studies of saxagliptin.
Topics: Adamantane; Area Under Curve; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipept | 2013 |
Clinically relevant reductions in HbA1c without hypoglycaemia: results across four studies of saxagliptin.
Topics: Adamantane; Area Under Curve; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipept | 2013 |
Clinically relevant reductions in HbA1c without hypoglycaemia: results across four studies of saxagliptin.
Topics: Adamantane; Area Under Curve; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipept | 2013 |
Clinically relevant reductions in HbA1c without hypoglycaemia: results across four studies of saxagliptin.
Topics: Adamantane; Area Under Curve; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipept | 2013 |
Clinically relevant reductions in HbA1c without hypoglycaemia: results across four studies of saxagliptin.
Topics: Adamantane; Area Under Curve; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipept | 2013 |
Complementing insulin therapy to achieve glycemic control.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucagon-L | 2013 |
AMPK: a target for drugs and natural products with effects on both diabetes and cancer.
Topics: Adenylate Kinase; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Energy Metabolism; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metform | 2013 |
Efficacy and safety of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and metformin as initial combination therapy and as monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Ther | 2014 |
Molecular mechanism of action of metformin: old or new insights?
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Energy Metabolism; Gluconeogenesis; Humans | 2013 |
Diabetes: glycaemic control in type 2 (drug treatments).
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metf | 2012 |
Systematic review of metformin use in obese nondiabetic children and adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Life Style; Metformin; Ped | 2013 |
Comparative effects of sitagliptin and metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2013 |
Metformin therapy and risk of cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes: systematic review.
Topics: Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Meta-Analysis as Top | 2013 |
A "glucose eater" drug as a therapeutic agent in psychiatry.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Depressive Disorder, Major; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2013 |
Options for combination therapy in type 2 diabetes: comparison of the ADA/EASD position statement and AACE/ACE algorithm.
Topics: Algorithms; Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, | 2013 |
[Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus--which role do GLP-1 receptor agonists play?].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, | 2011 |
Diabetes, antihyperglycemic medications and cancer risk: smoke or fire?
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incretins; Insulin; Metformin; Neop | 2013 |
Metformin: an old drug with new potential.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; N | 2013 |
Insulin sensitizers in polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Animals; Clomiphene; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hyperandrogenism; Hyperinsulinism; I | 2013 |
[Metformin: the overlap of diabetology and oncology].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Neoplasms; Prognosis; Risk | 2013 |
[Use of metformin in diabetic patients with cardiac disease: benefit-risk balance].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Diseases; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Risk Assessment | 2013 |
What are the preferred strategies for control of glycaemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhib | 2013 |
Effects of sulfonylureas on tumor growth: a review of the literature.
Topics: Apoptosis; Cell Proliferation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Imidazoles; Insulin; Insulin-Like | 2013 |
[SGLT-2 inhibitors: diabetes treatment by glycosuria; literature review on the effect of dapagliflozin].
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucosides; Glycated He | 2013 |
Liuwei dihuang pills enhance the effect of Western medicine in treating type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Fasting; Glic | 2013 |
Clinical Inquiry: Does metformin prevent diabetes in at-risk adults?
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Evidence-Based Medicine; Exercise; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2013 |
[Metformin, an antidiabetic molecule with anti-cancer properties].
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Neoplasms | 2013 |
[Jentadueto, fixed combination of linagliptin plus metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Combin | 2013 |
Impact of three oral antidiabetic drugs on markers of β-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Homeostasis; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2013 |
Early combination therapy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hu | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin compared with other oral anti-diabetes treatments when added to metformin monotherapy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2014 |
Bright renoprotective properties of metformin: beyond blood glucose regulatory effects.
Topics: Albuminuria; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathi | 2013 |
Mitochondrial dysfunction and complications associated with diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Insulin; Metformin; Mit | 2014 |
Metformin is associated with survival benefit in cancer patients with concurrent type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Neoplasms | 2013 |
Unleash metformin: reconsideration of the contraindication in patients with renal impairment.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Kidney | 2013 |
Safety and efficacy of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic hepatitis C.
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2013 |
Nonalcoholic Fatty liver: a possible new target for type 2 diabetes prevention and treatment.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fatty Liver; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Re | 2013 |
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Mid | 2015 |
Pharmacogenetic variation and metformin response.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Biological Availability; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Genetic | 2013 |
Antidiabetic drugs and their potential role in treating mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cognition Diso | 2013 |
Lixisenatide, a novel GLP-1 receptor agonist: efficacy, safety and clinical implications for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration S | 2014 |
Alogliptin: A new dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated H | 2014 |
Effect of metformin on ballooning degeneration in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): when to use metformin in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hepatocytes; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insu | 2014 |
Metformin--mode of action and clinical implications for diabetes and cancer.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Energy Metabolism; Glucagon; Gluconeogenes | 2014 |
[Attention to the use of oral anti-diabetic medication in older adults with type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Cognition Disorders; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2013 |
Novel hypoglycaemic agents: considerations in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors | 2014 |
[Limitations of insulin-dependent drugs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Comb | 2013 |
[Oral add-on therapy to metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a direct comparison beween canagliflozin and glimepiride].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Canagliflozin; Clinical Trials, Phase III | 2014 |
[Oral add-on therapy to metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a direct comparison between canagliflozin and sitagliptin].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Bod | 2014 |
Effects of pharmacological treatments on micro- and macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes: what is the level of evidence?
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Evidence-B | 2014 |
Type 2 diabetes: a protective factor for prostate cancer? An overview of proposed mechanisms.
Topics: Carcinogenesis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet Therapy; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; | 2014 |
The pharmacogenetics of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review.
Topics: Acarbose; Biomarkers, Pharmacological; Blood Glucose; Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; | 2014 |
Systematic reviews to ascertain the safety of diabetes medications.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidence-Based Medicine; Female; Fractur | 2014 |
Metformin and other antidiabetic agents in renal failure patients.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibit | 2015 |
An update on the pharmacogenomics of metformin: progress, problems and potential.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pharmacogenetics | 2014 |
Vildagliptin: a review of its use in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adamantane; Administration, Oral; Aged; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV | 2014 |
The long-term efficacy and safety of DPP-IV inhibitors monotherapy and in combination with metformin in 18,980 patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus--a meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated H | 2014 |
Survival benefits of metformin for colorectal cancer patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Neoplasm Staging; Proportional H | 2014 |
Pharmacokinetic and toxicological considerations for the treatment of diabetes in patients with liver disease.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Hepatic Insufficiency; Humans; Hypogl | 2014 |
Lixisenatide as add-on to oral anti-diabetic therapy: an effective treatment for glycaemic control with body weight benefits in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Melli | 2014 |
Metformin in chronic kidney disease: time for a rethink.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metform | 2014 |
Use of metformin in diseases of aging.
Topics: Aging; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Drug Administratio | 2014 |
Managing recent-onset diabetes: choosing durable, well-tolerated therapies and understanding the role of incretin-based therapies.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incretins; Metformin; Recepto | 2014 |
Chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes: lessons from the Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Italian Multicentre Study.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Glycated Hem | 2014 |
The effect of a dual combination of noninsulin antidiabetic drugs on lipids: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy | 2014 |
The safety of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors or sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors added to metformin background therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diarrhea; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug | 2014 |
Microbiota and diabetes: an evolving relationship.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet Therapy; Feces; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Immunity, Innate; Intes | 2014 |
Metformin is associated with reduced risk of pancreatic cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pancreatic | 2014 |
Vildagliptin , a DPP-4 inhibitor for the twice-daily treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with or without metformin.
Topics: Adamantane; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D | 2014 |
Acarbose monotherapy and weight loss in Eastern and Western populations with hyperglycaemia: an ethnicity-specific meta-analysis.
Topics: Acarbose; Asian People; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agent | 2014 |
Cancer cachexia and diabetes: similarities in metabolic alterations and possible treatment.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Cachexia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Humans; Hy | 2014 |
Reduced risk of lung cancer with metformin therapy in diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lung Neoplasms; Metformin; Risk; Risk Factor | 2014 |
Conventional hypoglycaemic agents and the risk of lung cancer in patients with diabetes: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Lung Neoplasms; Metformin; Publicat | 2014 |
Diabetes and cancer: 5 years into the recent controversy.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformin; Neoplasms; Risk Factors | 2014 |
IRS1 G972R missense polymorphism is associated with failure to oral antidiabetes drugs in white patients with type 2 diabetes from Italy.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; I | 2014 |
Vitamin B12 status in metformin treated patients: systematic review.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome | 2014 |
Acarbose plus metformin fixed-dose combination in the management of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Acarbose; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, | 2014 |
Metformin and cancer risk and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis taking into account biases and confounders.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Neoplasms; Risk | 2014 |
Comparison of repaglinide and metformin versus metformin alone for type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypog | 2014 |
Combinational therapy with metformin and sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors in management of type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analyses.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Diabet | 2014 |
The effect of metformin on mortality following cancer among patients with diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Neoplasms | 2014 |
Mortality rate in so-called "metformin-associated lactic acidosis": a review of the data since the 1960s.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion | 2014 |
Safety profile of dapagliflozin for type 2 diabetes: pooled analysis of clinical studies for overall safety and rare events.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Diabe | 2014 |
Effects of metformin on weight loss: potential mechanisms.
Topics: Appetite Depressants; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Eating; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Hypothalamus; | 2014 |
Assessment of the relative effectiveness and tolerability of treatments of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a network meta-analysis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glycat | 2014 |
What are the pharmacotherapy options for treating prediabetes?
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance | 2014 |
Efficacy and safety of basal insulin glargine 12 and 24 weeks after initiation in persons with type 2 diabetes: a pooled analysis of data from treatment arms of 15 treat-to-target randomised controlled trials.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glycated Hemoglobi | 2014 |
Effects of the antidiabetic drugs on the age-related atrophy and sarcopenia associated with diabetes type II.
Topics: Age Factors; Aging; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2014 |
The risk of heart failure associated with the use of noninsulin blood glucose-lowering drugs: systematic review and meta-analysis of published observational studies.
Topics: Bias; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Chi-Square Distribution; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; | 2014 |
Relationship of the Serum CRP Level With the Efficacy of Metformin in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; C-Reactive Protein; Databases as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Male | 2016 |
A 42-year-old man with elevated ferritin.
Topics: Adult; Arthralgia; Blood Chemical Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatigue; Ferritins; Follow-Up | 2015 |
[Thyroid dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metf | 2014 |
Anti-diabetic drug metformin: challenges and perspectives for cancer therapy.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; N | 2014 |
Indirect comparison of lixisenatide versus neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin as add-on to metformin and sulphonylurea in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2014 |
Interventions to modify the progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus in women with gestational diabetes: a systematic review of literature.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Diet, D | 2014 |
Metformin in cancer treatment and prevention.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Neoplasms | 2015 |
Safety and efficacy of dulaglutide, a once weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist, for the management of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Glucagon- | 2014 |
Stratified medicine for the use of antidiabetic medication in treatment of type II diabetes and cancer: where do we go from here?
Topics: Administration, Oral; Biguanides; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidence-Base | 2015 |
[Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on carbohydrate metabolism control].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Clinical Trials as Topic; Consensus Development Conferences | 2014 |
[Twice-daily and weekly exenatide: clinical profile of two pioneer formulations in incretin therapy].
Topics: Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Adm | 2014 |
Oral antihyperglycemic treatment options for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Costs; Drug Monitorin | 2015 |
Metformin: from mechanisms of action to therapies.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Energy Metabolism; Humans; Hypogl | 2014 |
Screening and management of gestational diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Diet | 2015 |
Sex-specific differences in diabetes prevention: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin | 2015 |
The role of metformin on vitamin B12 deficiency: a meta-analysis review.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin B 12; | 2015 |
Metformin: the past, presence, and future.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidence-Based Medicine; | 2015 |
Dulaglutide: the newest GLP-1 receptor agonist for the management of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Glu | 2015 |
Predictors of response in initial users of metformin and sulphonylurea derivatives: a systematic review.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Monitoring; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Glycated Hem | 2015 |
Impact of metformin on clinical outcomes among men with prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Male; Metformin; Neoplasm Staging; Orchiect | 2015 |
Pharmacologic treatment of type 2 diabetes: oral medications.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypogl | 2015 |
Effectiveness and safety of glimepiride and iDPP4, associated with metformin in second line pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; | 2015 |
Metformin association with lower prostate cancer recurrence in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; | 2015 |
Association between metformin therapy and incidence, recurrence and mortality of prostate cancer: evidence from a meta-analysis.
Topics: Aged; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidence-Based Med | 2015 |
The impact of diabetes and diabetes medications on bone health.
Topics: Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Bone Remodeling; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV In | 2015 |
Metformin for Prevention and Treatment of Colon Cancer: A Reappraisal of Experimental and Clinical Data.
Topics: Animals; Cell Proliferation; Colonic Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Repositioning; Drug | 2016 |
[The role of SGLT-2 inhibitors in the treatment of type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucoside | 2015 |
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis in a peritoneal dialysis patient.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Humans; Hypo | 2015 |
Novel therapeutic targets of metformin: metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Re | 2015 |
Combination therapy when metformin is not an option for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hy | 2015 |
Metformin and Inflammation: Its Potential Beyond Glucose-lowering Effect.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypogl | 2015 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin: our understanding in the past, present and future.
Topics: Androgens; Anovulation; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2015 |
Pharmacologic treatment of type 2 diabetes: injectable medications.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformin | 2015 |
[Metformin is also recommended in mild and moderate renal failure].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ki | 2015 |
Comparative efficacy and safety of antidiabetic drug regimens added to metformin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a network meta-analysis.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglob | 2015 |
Nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease, diabetes, obesity, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Chemoprevention; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; | 2015 |
Should we be concerned about thyroid cancer in patients taking glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists?
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2015 |
Hypoglycaemic therapy in type 2 diabetes. Part I. Metformin is the only glucose-lowering drug known to prevent complications of diabetes.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidence-Based Medicin | 2015 |
A Comprehensive Review of Drug-Drug Interactions with Metformin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Herb-Drug Interactions; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; M | 2015 |
Type 2 diabetes and metformin. First choice for monotherapy: weak evidence of efficacy but well-known and acceptable adverse effects.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Practic | 2014 |
Comparison of glucose lowering effect of metformin and acarbose in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Acarbose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin | 2015 |
Therapeutic Challenges in Diabetes Prevention: We Have Not Found the "Exercise Pill".
Topics: Animals; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Exercise; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metfor | 2015 |
Metformin: An Old Drug for the Treatment of Diabetes but a New Drug for the Protection of the Endothelium.
Topics: Adenylyl Cyclases; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relations | 2015 |
Effects of oral hypoglycemic agents on platelet function.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Platelets; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; H | 2015 |
[Metformin can reduce the risk of colorectal cancer].
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Risk Factor | 2015 |
Glucose-lowering treatment of type 2 diabetes. Part II--Glucose-lowering drugs after metformin: a choice based largely on adverse effects.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; Human | 2015 |
Type 2 diabetes drugs: a review.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycoside Hydrola | 2015 |
Glucose-lowering medicines for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Acarbose; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy | 2015 |
The efficacy and safety of DPP4 inhibitors compared to sulfonylureas as add-on therapy to metformin in patients with Type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated H | 2015 |
Therapeutic Use of Metformin in Prediabetes and Diabetes Prevention.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Prediabetic State | 2015 |
Impact of glucose-lowering drugs on cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Carbamates; Clinical Trials as Topic; Coronary Artery Disease; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2015 |
Pharmacologic Therapy of Diabetes and Overall Cancer Risk and Mortality: A Meta-Analysis of 265 Studies.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Met | 2015 |
[Cardiovascular outcome trials in type 2 diabetes and the sulphonylurea controversy: Rationale for the active-comparator CAROLINA® trial].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy | 2015 |
Efficacy and safety of antihyperglycaemic drug regimens added to metformin and sulphonylurea therapy in Type 2 diabetes: a network meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Monitoring; Drug Resistance; Drug Therapy, Combination; Evidence-Bas | 2015 |
Oral hypoglycemic agents and the heart failure conundrum: Lessons from and for outcome trials.
Topics: Adamantane; Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; | 2015 |
Impact of Metformin on Male Reproduction.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Infertility, Male; Male; Metformin; | 2015 |
[Metformin: new data for an old molecule].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2015 |
Comparative efficacy and safety of antidiabetic drug regimens added to stable and inadequate metformin and thiazolidinedione therapy in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Random | 2015 |
An Overview of Metformin and Implications in the Workplace.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Costs; Female; Humans; Male; Metformin; Middle | 2015 |
Expanding the therapeutic spectrum of metformin: from diabetes to cancer.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Neoplasms | 2015 |
Effects of three injectable antidiabetic agents on glycaemic control, weight change and drop-out in type 2 diabetes suboptimally controlled with metformin and/or a sulfonylurea: A network meta-analysis.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Community Networks; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glycat | 2015 |
Imeglimin: A Potential New Multi-Target Drug for Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Apoptosis; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gluconeogenesis; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; H | 2015 |
Metabolic Syndrome: Insulin Resistance and Prediabetes.
Topics: Bariatric Surgery; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agent | 2015 |
Efficacy and tolerability of canagliflozin as add-on to metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hy | 2015 |
Therapeutic Concentrations of Metformin: A Systematic Review.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Dosage Calculations; Huma | 2016 |
Benefits of combination of insulin degludec and liraglutide are independent of baseline glycated haemoglobin level and duration of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hyp | 2016 |
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and hypoglycemic safety of gliclazide versus other insulinotropic agents.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glicl | 2015 |
Achieving the composite endpoint of glycated haemoglobin <7.0%, no weight gain and no hypoglycaemia in the once-weekly dulaglutide AWARD programme.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Exenatide; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptides; | 2016 |
User's guide to mechanism of action and clinical use of GLP-1 receptor agonists.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; En | 2015 |
Obesity and cancer: mechanistic insights from transdisciplinary studies.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antineoplastic Agents; Breast Neoplasms; Caloric R | 2015 |
Microparticulate and nanoparticulate drug delivery systems for metformin hydrochloride.
Topics: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of once-weekly glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists for the management of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide | 2015 |
WITHDRAWN: Metformin monotherapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Randomized Controlled Trials as T | 2015 |
Use of oral combination therapy for type 2 diabetes in primary care: Meeting individualized patient goals.
Topics: Age Factors; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinatio | 2015 |
Metformin Use Is Associated With Better Survival of Breast Cancer Patients With Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Metformin; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Prognos | 2015 |
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: Practical Considerations for Clinical Practice.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug | 2015 |
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors in Diverse Patient Populations With Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipepti | 2015 |
Effects of metformin on survival outcomes of lung cancer patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lung Neoplasms; Metformin; Prognosis | 2016 |
Repurposing metformin: an old drug with new tricks in its binding pockets.
Topics: Biguanides; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Neoplasms; Protei | 2015 |
Repurposing metformin: an old drug with new tricks in its binding pockets.
Topics: Biguanides; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Neoplasms; Protei | 2015 |
Repurposing metformin: an old drug with new tricks in its binding pockets.
Topics: Biguanides; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Neoplasms; Protei | 2015 |
Repurposing metformin: an old drug with new tricks in its binding pockets.
Topics: Biguanides; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Neoplasms; Protei | 2015 |
[Polycystic ovary syndrome].
Topics: Androgen Antagonists; Anovulation; Combined Modality Therapy; Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; Diabet | 2015 |
Combination therapy for type 2 diabetes: dapagliflozin plus metformin.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Thera | 2016 |
Dapagliflozin combination therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucosides; Humans; Hypo | 2016 |
Impact of Metformin on Exercise-Induced Metabolic Adaptations to Lower Type 2 Diabetes Risk.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Exercise T | 2016 |
[Prevention and treatment of the complications of polycystic ovarian syndrome--the significance of evidence-based, interdisciplinary management].
Topics: Biomarkers; Counseling; Dermatology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Management; Endocrinology; E | 2015 |
Effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combina | 2016 |
A Safety Evaluation of Empagliflozin for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Benzhydryl Compounds; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucosides | 2016 |
Network meta-analysis of treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus following failure with metformin plus sulfonylurea.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2016 |
Systematic review and meta-analysis of vildagliptin for treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Met | 2016 |
HYPERGLYCEMIA MANAGEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH POSTTRANSPLANTATION DIABETES.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic A | 2016 |
Metformin and pancreatic cancer: Is there a role?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperinsulinism; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Metform | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis and systematic review.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Glucagon-Like Peptides; Glycated H | 2016 |
Current understanding of metformin effect on the control of hyperglycemia in diabetes.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme Activation; Enzyme Inhibitors; Gast | 2016 |
Current understanding of metformin effect on the control of hyperglycemia in diabetes.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme Activation; Enzyme Inhibitors; Gast | 2016 |
Current understanding of metformin effect on the control of hyperglycemia in diabetes.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme Activation; Enzyme Inhibitors; Gast | 2016 |
Current understanding of metformin effect on the control of hyperglycemia in diabetes.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme Activation; Enzyme Inhibitors; Gast | 2016 |
Cardiovascular risk associated with the use of glitazones, metformin and sufonylureas: meta-analysis of published observational studies.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Myocardi | 2016 |
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: Current perspectives on causes and risk.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Risk Factors | 2016 |
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: Current perspectives on causes and risk.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Risk Factors | 2016 |
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: Current perspectives on causes and risk.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Risk Factors | 2016 |
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: Current perspectives on causes and risk.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Risk Factors | 2016 |
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: Current perspectives on causes and risk.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Risk Factors | 2016 |
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: Current perspectives on causes and risk.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Risk Factors | 2016 |
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: Current perspectives on causes and risk.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Risk Factors | 2016 |
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: Current perspectives on causes and risk.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Risk Factors | 2016 |
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: Current perspectives on causes and risk.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Risk Factors | 2016 |
[Treatment of type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Evidence-Based M | 2016 |
Relationship of Serum Adiponectin Levels and Metformin Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin as add-on to metformin for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucosides; Humans; Hypo | 2016 |
[Advances of the anti-tumor research of metformin].
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Metformin; Neoplasms | 2015 |
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors: an evidence-based practice approach to their use in the natural history of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2016 |
Metformin Is Associated With Slightly Reduced Risk of Colorectal Cancer and Moderate Survival Benefits in Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis.
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2016 |
AMP-activated protein kinase and its multifaceted regulation of hepatic metabolism.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Human | 2016 |
SGLT-2 receptor inhibitors for treating patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Topics: Bayes Theorem; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Pressure; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug | 2016 |
A New Role for an Old Drug: Metformin Targets MicroRNAs in Treating Diabetes and Cancer.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; M | 2015 |
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2: A Driving Force for Urological Complications.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Male; Metformin; Prostatic Neopla | 2016 |
Diabetes mellitus in patients with cirrhosis: clinical implications and management.
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Tolerance Test; Hypoglycemic Agents; I | 2016 |
What next when metformin isn't enough for type 2 diabetes?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Medication Therapy Mana | 2016 |
Safety and efficacy of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors vs sulfonylurea in metformin-based combination therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2016 |
Pharmacogenomics in diabetes mellitus: insights into drug action and drug discovery.
Topics: Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Discovery; Drug-Related Side | 2016 |
[Modern antihyperglycaemic agents--what is the patient benefit?].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Drug Therapy, Combination; | 2016 |
Efficacy, safety and impact on β-cell function of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors plus metformin combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes and the difference between Asians and Caucasians: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Asian People; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combinati | 2016 |
Diabetes Medications as Monotherapy or Metformin-Based Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Topics: Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Comparative Effectiveness Research; Diabetes Mellitu | 2016 |
Sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitors for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Glucose Intolerance; Glucosides; Glycated | 2016 |
The cardiovascular phenotype: impact on choice of glucose- lowering therapy.
Topics: Acarbose; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2016 |
Major malformation risk, pregnancy outcomes, and neurodevelopmental outcomes associated with metformin use during pregnancy.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Infan | 2016 |
Short- and long-term outcomes of metformin compared with insulin alone in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Fetal Development; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2017 |
Reduced colorectal cancer incidence in type 2 diabetic patients treated with metformin: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Metformin; | 2016 |
Novel approaches to the treatment of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Bariatric Surgery; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperg | 2016 |
Role of Metformin in Women's Health: Review of Its Current Place in Clinical Practice and Emerging Indications for Future.
Topics: Anticarcinogenic Agents; Clomiphene; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Ferti | 2016 |
Hypothalamic AMPK: a canonical regulator of whole-body energy balance.
Topics: Adipose Tissue, Brown; Adipose Tissue, White; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Anti-Obesity Agents; Di | 2016 |
Obviating much of the need for insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A re-assessment of insulin therapy's safety profile.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes | 2016 |
[Metformin - new data for an "old", but efficient, safe and reliable antidiabetic drug].
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Huma | 2016 |
Pharmacologic Therapy of Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Aging; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dr | 2016 |
Involvement of glucagon-like peptide-1 in the glucose-lowering effect of metformin.
Topics: Bile Acids and Salts; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glucago | 2016 |
[Management of Type 2 Diabetes: a Practical Approach].
Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glucagon-L | 2016 |
SGLT2 inhibitors in the management of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2016 |
Treatment of Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glucagon-Like Pept | 2016 |
Colon neoplasia in patients with type 2 diabetes on metformin: A meta-analysis.
Topics: Colonic Neoplasms; Colonic Polyps; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2016 |
[Impact of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on nasopharyngitis and upper respiratory tract infection among patients with type 2 diabetes: a network meta-analysis].
Topics: Bayes Theorem; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glucagon-Like Peptide- | 2016 |
Gastrointestinal Conditions in the Obese Patient.
Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Anti-Obesity Agents; Constipation; Contraceptiv | 2016 |
Effects of metformin treatment on blood leptin and ghrelin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ghrelin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Leptin; Metformin; Randomized Contr | 2017 |
An Integrative Analysis of the Effect of Lifestyle and Pharmacological Interventions on Glucose Metabolism in the Prevention and Treatment of Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Age of Onset; Delivery of Health Care, Integrated; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Life | 2016 |
Hypoglycaemia when adding sulphonylurea to metformin: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Met | 2016 |
Update on Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: Lessons Learned from the Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth Clinical Trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; | 2016 |
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes and Adverse Events Associated With Glucose-Lowering Drugs in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-analysis.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glyca | 2016 |
Diabetes mellitus and metformin in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Live | 2016 |
Sitagliptin/metformin fixed-dose combination in type 2 diabetes mellitus: an evidence-based review of its place in therapy.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hum | 2016 |
Metformin use improves survival of diabetic liver cancer patients: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liver Neoplasms; Metformin; Prognosis | 2016 |
Targeting the gastrointestinal tract to treat type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Tract; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Me | 2016 |
Updates on Managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Natural Products: Towards Antidiabetic Drug Development.
Topics: Biological Products; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Discovery; Gliclazide; Glucose Transporter Type | 2018 |
METFORMIN: NONGLYCEMIC EFFECTS AND POTENTIAL NOVEL INDICATIONS.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Rep | 2016 |
The efficacy and safety of liraglutide added to metformin in patients with diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2016 |
Metformin and Anti-Cancer Therapeutics: Hopes for a More Enhanced Armamentarium Against Human Neoplasias?
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Proliferation; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans | 2017 |
Progressing From Metformin to Sulfonylureas or Meglitinides.
Topics: Age Factors; Benzamides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycemic Index; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Met | 2016 |
Update and Next Steps for Real-World Translation of Interventions for Type 2 Diabetes Prevention: Reflections From a Diabetes Care Editors' Expert Forum.
Topics: Adult; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2016 |
Relationships Between Metformin, Paraoxonase-1 and the Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 2.
Topics: Animals; Aryldialkylphosphatase; Chemokine CCL2; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gene Expression Regulati | 2016 |
Is an SGLT2 inhibitor right for your patient with type 2 diabetes?
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Female; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2016 |
Metformin-related lactic acidosis: is it a myth or an underestimated reality?
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Renal Insuffici | 2016 |
Could metformin be used in patients with diabetes and advanced chronic kidney disease?
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2017 |
Current management of diabetic patients with kidney disease: a renal‑cardio‑endocrine perspective.
Topics: alpha-Glucosidases; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabet | 2017 |
Metformin, beyond an insulin sensitizer, targeting heart and pancreatic β cells.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin-Secreting Ce | 2017 |
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metf | 2016 |
Metformin: Candidate host-directed therapy for tuberculosis in diabetes and non-diabetes patients.
Topics: Antitubercular Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2016 |
Insulin secretagogues for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in persons at increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Benzamides; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2016 |
Beneficial effect of lixisenatide after 76 weeks of treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis from the GetGoal programme.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Femal | 2017 |
EndoBarrier gastrointestinal liner. Delineation of underlying mechanisms and clinical effects.
Topics: Animals; Bariatric Surgery; Bile Acids and Salts; Cholecystokinin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastri | 2016 |
An update on DPP-4 inhibitors in the management of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Combinations; Drug Desi | 2016 |
Drugs for the treatment of pediatric type 2 diabetes mellitus and related co-morbidities.
Topics: Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Comorbidity; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hum | 2016 |
Empagliflozin/metformin fixed-dose combination: a review in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Co | 2016 |
Metformin: From Research to Clinical Practice.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Po | 2016 |
A review for clinicians: Prostate cancer and the antineoplastic properties of metformin.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Androgens; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2017 |
A review of maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) and challenges in the management of glucokinase-MODY.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genetic Testing; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycem | 2016 |
Fixed-Dose Combination of Canagliflozin and Metformin for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: An Overview.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Diab | 2017 |
Variants in Pharmacokinetic Transporters and Glycemic Response to Metformin: A Metgen Meta-Analysis.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; F | 2017 |
Occurrence of nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea reported as adverse events in clinical trials studying glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: A systematic analysis of published clinical trials.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diarrhea; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; | 2017 |
Cardiovascular Effects of Glucose-lowering Therapies for Type 2 Diabetes: New Drugs in Perspective.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Glucose; Human | 2017 |
Cost-Effectiveness of Saxagliptin versus Acarbose as Second-Line Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes in China.
Topics: Adamantane; Asian People; Cardiovascular Diseases; China; Costs and Cost Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus | 2016 |
Long-term studies of treatments for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Follow-Up Studies; Glycated Hemoglobin; Glycos | 2017 |
Metformin therapy and the risk of colorectal adenoma in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis.
Topics: Adenoma; Aged; Chi-Square Distribution; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hum | 2017 |
Is Metformin a Perfect Drug? Updates in Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics.
Topics: Carrier Proteins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Genetic Variation; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metform | 2017 |
Metformin therapy and risk of colorectal adenomas and colorectal cancer in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Adenoma; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin | 2017 |
The Role of Carbonic Anhydrase in Hepatic Glucose Production.
Topics: Animals; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; Carbonic Anhydrases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gluconeogene | 2018 |
New insights into the anti-diabetic actions of metformin: from the liver to the gut.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Hypog | 2017 |
Understanding and overcoming metformin gastrointestinal intolerance.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2017 |
Understanding and overcoming metformin gastrointestinal intolerance.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2017 |
Understanding and overcoming metformin gastrointestinal intolerance.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2017 |
Understanding and overcoming metformin gastrointestinal intolerance.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2017 |
Gliclazide-Induced Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome: A Rare Case Report and Review on Literature.
Topics: Acarbose; Aged; Autoimmune Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Substitution; Gliclazide; Human | 2016 |
Metformin and cancer in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and comprehensive bias evaluation.
Topics: Bias; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Neoplasms; Observational St | 2017 |
The global agenda for the prevention of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; Metformin | 2017 |
Metformin; a review of its history and future: from lilac to longevity.
Topics: Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; History, 17th Century; History, 18th Ce | 2017 |
Efficacy and effectiveness of screen and treat policies in prevention of type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of screening tests and interventions.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Tolerance Test; Glycated Hemoglobin; H | 2017 |
Clinical Outcomes of Metformin Use in Populations With Chronic Kidney Disease, Congestive Heart Failure, or Chronic Liver Disease: A Systematic Review.
Topics: Cause of Death; Chronic Disease; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans | 2017 |
Drugs for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; | 2017 |
Which treatment for type 2 diabetes associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Liver; Metformin; Non-al | 2017 |
Prognostic role of metformin intake in diabetic patients with colorectal cancer: An updated qualitative evidence of cohort studies.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metfor | 2017 |
Metformin: New Preparations and Nonglycemic Benefits.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Huma | 2017 |
[The safety of anti-diabetic drugs in heart failure].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination; Heart Fail | 2017 |
PURLs: Need an add-on to metformin? Consider this.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hu | 2017 |
Metformin Improves Overall Survival of Colorectal Cancer Patients with Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis.
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Prognosis; | 2017 |
Analytical Methods for Metformin Estimation.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Electrochemical Techniques | 2017 |
Pharmacogenetics in type 2 diabetes: precision medicine or discovery tool?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Ph | 2017 |
Type 2 diabetes: a well-characterised but suboptimally controlled disease. Can we bridge the divide?
Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin | 2008 |
Pharmacotherapy for obesity in menopausal women.
Topics: Anti-Obesity Agents; Bariatric Surgery; Cyclobutanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Female; | 2008 |
Metformin: a review.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2008 |
Novel combination treatment of type 2 diabetes DPP-4 inhibition + metformin.
Topics: Adamantane; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase I | 2008 |
[Metformin role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes in 2008].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2008 |
[Metformin and kidneys].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Animals; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2008 |
Therapeutic approach of type 2 diabetes mellitus with GLP-1 based therapies.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; | 2008 |
Initiating insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Monitoring; Drug Therapy, C | 2007 |
Thiazolidinediones in type 2 diabetes: a cardiology perspective.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Met | 2008 |
[New therapies for type 2 diabetes: what place for incretin-based agents and rimonabant compared to the previous ones?].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; Humans; H | 2008 |
Approach to the patient with prediabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Prediabetic | 2008 |
Metformin therapy and clinical uses.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellit | 2008 |
Janumet: a combination product suitable for use in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Combinations; Drug Interactions; | 2008 |
Combination treatment in the management of type 2 diabetes: focus on vildagliptin and metformin as a single tablet.
Topics: Adamantane; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Disease Prog | 2008 |
Mechanisms of action of metformin in type 2 diabetes and associated complications: an overview.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic Neuropat | 2008 |
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Selected practical issues in their evaluation and management.
Topics: Bariatric Surgery; Biomarkers; Biopsy; Cardiovascular Diseases; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2009 |
New combination treatments in the management of diabetes: focus on sitagliptin-metformin.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors | 2008 |
The effects of metformin on endogenous androgens and SHBG in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Androgens; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2009 |
Alogliptin: a new, highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dose-Respon | 2009 |
Drug evaluation: vildagliptin-metformin single-tablet combination.
Topics: Adamantane; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Combina | 2009 |
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily insulin injections in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Huma | 2009 |
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Recepto | 2009 |
Safety and efficacy of nateglinide/metformin combination therapy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Comb | 2008 |
Treating prediabetes with metformin: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dr | 2009 |
Metformin--the gold standard in type 2 diabetes: what does the evidence tell us?
Topics: Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metfor | 2009 |
The scientific evidence: vildagliptin and the benefits of islet enhancement.
Topics: Adamantane; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2009 |
Translating science into clinical practice: focus on vildagliptin in combination with metformin.
Topics: Adamantane; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2009 |
[Anti-diabetic treatment, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Drug Co | 2009 |
PCOS.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Flutamide; Hair Removal; Hirsutism; Humans; Metformin; Polycystic Ovary S | 2009 |
Diabetes: glycaemic control in type 2.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformin | 2008 |
The backbone of oral glucose-lowering therapy: time for a paradigm shift?
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipe | 2009 |
[Progress in therapy for diabetes mellitus--insulin-resistance ameliorating agents].
Topics: Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2009 |
The cardiovascular effects of metformin: further reasons to consider an old drug as a cornerstone in the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; | 2010 |
Ethnic origin is unrelated to autoimmunity and residual pancreatic function in 471 youth with clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Algorithms; Autoimmunity; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug C | 2009 |
Diabetes medications and body weight.
Topics: Abdominal Fat; Benzamides; Body Weight; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipepti | 2009 |
Antidiabetic agents and cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2009 |
Non-functional parathyroid carcinoma: a review of the literature and report of a case requiring extensive surgery.
Topics: Amlodipine; Antihypertensive Agents; Deglutition Disorders; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Esophagectomy | 2009 |
Advances in oral therapy for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Acarbose; Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Carbamates; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2000 |
[Usefulness of metformin in diabetes-related bone disease].
Topics: Bone Density; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Cell Differentiation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fractures, | 2009 |
[HbA1c 8.5% in elderly people with diabetes: is it good enough?].
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2009 |
Selecting among ADA/EASD tier 1 and tier 2 treatment options.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dr | 2009 |
Practical applications of therapy with a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 | 2009 |
Patient education and monitoring recommendations for the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, | 2009 |
Clinical results of treating type 2 diabetic patients with sitagliptin, vildagliptin or saxagliptin--diabetes control and potential adverse events.
Topics: Adamantane; Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptid | 2009 |
Oral antidiabetic agents: anti-atherosclerotic properties beyond glucose lowering?
Topics: Acarbose; Administration, Oral; Animals; Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular | 2009 |
Effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone combined with metformin on body weight in people with diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hy | 2009 |
[Insulin and type 2 diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combina | 2009 |
Goals of treatment for type 2 diabetes: beta-cell preservation for glycemic control.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Glucose I | 2009 |
Changing the treatment paradigm for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Delivery of Health Care; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies | 2009 |
Clinical practice in type 2 diabetes: After metformin and lifestyle, then what?
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hum | 2009 |
Dapagliflozin, an oral sodium glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Benzhydryl Compounds; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2009 |
[Liraglutide: a human GLP-1 analogue for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2009 |
[Could oral antidiabetic agents be useful in the management of different types of diabetes and syndromes of insulin resistance in children and adolescents?].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Femal | 2009 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome and metabolic comorbidities: therapeutic options.
Topics: Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insuli | 2009 |
Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Cohort Studies; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2010 |
Reaching HbA1c goals with saxagliptin in combination with other oral antidiabetic drugs.
Topics: Adamantane; Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase I | 2010 |
Hemoglobin A1c for the diagnosis of diabetes: practical considerations.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; False Negative R | 2010 |
[GLP-1: a new therapeutic principle for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidyl-Peptid | 2010 |
Epidemiological aspects of neoplasms in diabetes.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Case-Control Studies; Cell Divis | 2010 |
Effect of noninsulin antidiabetic drugs added to metformin therapy on glycemic control, weight gain, and hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hyp | 2010 |
Effect of noninsulin antidiabetic drugs added to metformin therapy on glycemic control, weight gain, and hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hyp | 2010 |
Effect of noninsulin antidiabetic drugs added to metformin therapy on glycemic control, weight gain, and hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hyp | 2010 |
Effect of noninsulin antidiabetic drugs added to metformin therapy on glycemic control, weight gain, and hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hyp | 2010 |
Effect of noninsulin antidiabetic drugs added to metformin therapy on glycemic control, weight gain, and hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hyp | 2010 |
Effect of noninsulin antidiabetic drugs added to metformin therapy on glycemic control, weight gain, and hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hyp | 2010 |
Effect of noninsulin antidiabetic drugs added to metformin therapy on glycemic control, weight gain, and hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hyp | 2010 |
Effect of noninsulin antidiabetic drugs added to metformin therapy on glycemic control, weight gain, and hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hyp | 2010 |
Effect of noninsulin antidiabetic drugs added to metformin therapy on glycemic control, weight gain, and hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hyp | 2010 |
Effect of noninsulin antidiabetic drugs added to metformin therapy on glycemic control, weight gain, and hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hyp | 2010 |
Effect of noninsulin antidiabetic drugs added to metformin therapy on glycemic control, weight gain, and hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hyp | 2010 |
Effect of noninsulin antidiabetic drugs added to metformin therapy on glycemic control, weight gain, and hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hyp | 2010 |
Effect of noninsulin antidiabetic drugs added to metformin therapy on glycemic control, weight gain, and hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hyp | 2010 |
Effect of noninsulin antidiabetic drugs added to metformin therapy on glycemic control, weight gain, and hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hyp | 2010 |
Effect of noninsulin antidiabetic drugs added to metformin therapy on glycemic control, weight gain, and hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hyp | 2010 |
Effect of noninsulin antidiabetic drugs added to metformin therapy on glycemic control, weight gain, and hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hyp | 2010 |
Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Cohort Studies; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2010 |
Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Cohort Studies; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2010 |
Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Cohort Studies; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2010 |
Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Cohort Studies; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2010 |
Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Cohort Studies; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2010 |
Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Cohort Studies; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2010 |
Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Cohort Studies; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2010 |
Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Cohort Studies; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2010 |
Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Cohort Studies; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2010 |
Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Cohort Studies; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2010 |
Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Cohort Studies; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2010 |
Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Cohort Studies; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2010 |
Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Cohort Studies; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2010 |
Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Cohort Studies; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2010 |
Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Cohort Studies; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2010 |
Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Cohort Studies; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2010 |
Insulin, insulin resistance, obesity, and cancer.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Metformin; Neoplasms; Obesity | 2010 |
The effect of metformin on anthropometrics and insulin resistance in patients receiving atypical antipsychotic agents: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Anthropometry; Antipsychotic Agents; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans | 2010 |
Insulin resistance and response to antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis C: mechanisms and management.
Topics: Animals; Antiviral Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Liver; Glucose Clamp Technique; Hepatiti | 2010 |
Metformin: fifty-two not out.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2009 |
Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in polycystic ovary syndrome: what are the risks and can they be reduced?
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female; Glucose Toleranc | 2010 |
An energetic tale of AMPK-independent effects of metformin.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gene Expression; | 2010 |
Review: metformin: potential benefits and use in chronic kidney disease.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Blood Glucose; Chronic Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; | 2010 |
Improving glycemic control and cardiometabolic risk through integrated treatment plans.
Topics: Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Glycated Hemoglobin; Glycemi | 2010 |
Risks and benefits of attaining HbA(1c) goals: examining the evidence.
Topics: Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; G | 2010 |
Metformin: taking away the candy for cancer?
Topics: Adipokines; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Cell Cycle; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitu | 2010 |
Lactic acidosis induced by metformin: incidence, management and prevention.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Metfor | 2010 |
Lactic acidosis induced by metformin: incidence, management and prevention.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Metfor | 2010 |
Lactic acidosis induced by metformin: incidence, management and prevention.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Metfor | 2010 |
Lactic acidosis induced by metformin: incidence, management and prevention.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Metfor | 2010 |
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of sitagliptin plus metformin.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Interactions; Hum | 2010 |
Novel drugs in familial combined hyperlipidemia: lessons from type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Discovery; Fatty Liver; Genetic Pr | 2010 |
Intensive glucose control and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Age Factors; Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2011 |
Thiazolidinediones plus metformin association on body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metf | 2011 |
[Anti-cancer activity of metformin: new perspectives for an old drug].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Neoplasms | 2010 |
Metformin action on AMP-activated protein kinase: a translational research approach to understanding a potential new therapeutic target.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2010 |
BI-10773, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor for the potential oral treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Evaluation, Precli | 2010 |
Early clinical studies with liraglutide.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cardiotonic Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials, Phase I as | 2010 |
[Hypoglycemic therapy in heart disease patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Human | 2010 |
Metformin and cancer risk in diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Metformin; Neoplasms; Risk | 2010 |
Metformin and cancer risk in diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Metformin; Neoplasms; Risk | 2010 |
Metformin and cancer risk in diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Metformin; Neoplasms; Risk | 2010 |
Metformin and cancer risk in diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Metformin; Neoplasms; Risk | 2010 |
Metabolic syndrome in severe mental disorders.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Environment; Humans; Lif | 2011 |
Diabetes mellitus and increased risk of cancer: focus on metformin and the insulin analogs.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Glargine; Insulin, Long-Act | 2010 |
Evaluation of metformin in early breast cancer: a modification of the traditional paradigm for clinical testing of anti-cancer agents.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Breast Neoplasms; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2011 |
[New clinical data with metformin therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Complications; Dia | 2010 |
Management of type 2 diabetes: evolving strategies for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hu | 2011 |
Add-on therapies to metformin for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Disease Progression; Drug Therapy, Co | 2011 |
What to add in with metformin in type 2 diabetes?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Synergism; Fractures, Bone; Gluc | 2011 |
[Antidiabetic therapy--a new possibility in the complex therapy of cancer?].
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antineoplastic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Feeding Behavior; Humans; | 2010 |
Pharmacological management of type 2 diabetes: the potential of incretin-based therapies.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glycated Hem | 2011 |
Clinical evidence and mechanistic basis for vildagliptin's action when added to metformin.
Topics: Adamantane; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Evid | 2011 |
Effect of metformin on cardiovascular events and mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2011 |
Metformin and digestive disorders.
Topics: Bile Acids and Salts; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diarrhea; Digestive System Diseases; Glucose; Human | 2011 |
Clinical pharmacokinetics of metformin.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Half-Life; | 2011 |
Clinical pharmacokinetics of metformin.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Half-Life; | 2011 |
Clinical pharmacokinetics of metformin.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Half-Life; | 2011 |
Clinical pharmacokinetics of metformin.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Half-Life; | 2011 |
Clinical pharmacokinetics of metformin.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Half-Life; | 2011 |
Clinical pharmacokinetics of metformin.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Half-Life; | 2011 |
Clinical pharmacokinetics of metformin.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Half-Life; | 2011 |
Clinical pharmacokinetics of metformin.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Half-Life; | 2011 |
Clinical pharmacokinetics of metformin.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Half-Life; | 2011 |
Clinical pharmacokinetics of metformin.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Half-Life; | 2011 |
Clinical pharmacokinetics of metformin.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Half-Life; | 2011 |
Clinical pharmacokinetics of metformin.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Half-Life; | 2011 |
Clinical pharmacokinetics of metformin.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Half-Life; | 2011 |
Clinical pharmacokinetics of metformin.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Half-Life; | 2011 |
Clinical pharmacokinetics of metformin.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Half-Life; | 2011 |
Clinical pharmacokinetics of metformin.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Half-Life; | 2011 |
[Metformin as the first line antidiabetic agent].
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Prediabetic State | 2010 |
Sitagliptin and metformin--novel combination therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2011 |
Advantages of extended-release metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Medication Adhe | 2011 |
Metformin and cancer: new applications for an old drug.
Topics: Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Neoplasms | 2012 |
Insulin resistance: pathophysiology and rationale for treatment.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Humans; Hyperinsulin | 2011 |
Predictors of response to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: evidence from randomized clinical trials.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glycated He | 2011 |
Sitagliptin/metformin fixed-dose combination: in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Comb | 2011 |
Disposition of metformin: variability due to polymorphisms of organic cation transporters.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Kidney; Metformin; Organic Cation Transport | 2012 |
Use of metformin in pediatric age.
Topics: Adolescent; Antipsychotic Agents; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty | 2011 |
Optimizing outcomes for GLP-1 agonists.
Topics: Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Glucagon-Like Peptide | 2011 |
Lixisenatide for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drug The | 2011 |
Diabetes and pancreatic cancer: chicken or egg?
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Case-Control Studies; Causality; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabe | 2011 |
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: the hidden epidemic.
Topics: Bariatric Surgery; Biopsy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Exercise; Fatty Liver; Hu | 2011 |
Saxagliptin/metformin (kombiglyze XR) for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2011 |
An analysis of early insulin glargine added to metformin with or without sulfonylurea: impact on glycaemic control and hypoglycaemia.
Topics: Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Co | 2011 |
Targeting type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Caloric Restriction; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; | 2011 |
Insulin treatment for type 2 diabetes: when to start, which to use.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Humans; Hyperglycemia | 2011 |
Management of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabet | 2011 |
Effect of antihyperglycemic agents added to metformin and a sulfonylurea on glycemic control and weight gain in type 2 diabetes: a network meta-analysis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2011 |
Clinical practice and implications of recent diabetes trials.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes M | 2011 |
Liraglutide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, | 2011 |
[Colorectal cancer and diabetes].
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Obesity; Ri | 2011 |
Use of metformin in the setting of mild-to-moderate renal insufficiency.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Contraindications; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glomerular Filtr | 2011 |
Use of metformin in the setting of mild-to-moderate renal insufficiency.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Contraindications; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glomerular Filtr | 2011 |
Use of metformin in the setting of mild-to-moderate renal insufficiency.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Contraindications; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glomerular Filtr | 2011 |
Use of metformin in the setting of mild-to-moderate renal insufficiency.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Contraindications; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glomerular Filtr | 2011 |
Use of metformin in the setting of mild-to-moderate renal insufficiency.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Contraindications; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glomerular Filtr | 2011 |
Use of metformin in the setting of mild-to-moderate renal insufficiency.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Contraindications; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glomerular Filtr | 2011 |
Use of metformin in the setting of mild-to-moderate renal insufficiency.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Contraindications; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glomerular Filtr | 2011 |
Use of metformin in the setting of mild-to-moderate renal insufficiency.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Contraindications; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glomerular Filtr | 2011 |
Use of metformin in the setting of mild-to-moderate renal insufficiency.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Contraindications; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glomerular Filtr | 2011 |
Anticancer effects of metformin and its potential use as a therapeutic agent for breast cancer.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Biomarkers; Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Evalua | 2011 |
[Metformin - mechanisms of action and use for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Treatment Outcome | 2011 |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus: practical approaches for primary care physicians.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Hypog | 2011 |
[Diabetes and cancer risk: oncologic considerations].
Topics: Adipokines; Age Factors; Animals; Cytokines; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Feed | 2011 |
The role of metformin and thiazolidinediones in the regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism and its clinical impact.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Glucose; Humans; | 2011 |
Glucolipotoxicity and beta cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus: target for durable therapy?
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Metformin; | 2011 |
Recent diabetes issues affecting the primary care clinician.
Topics: Adamantane; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV | 2011 |
[Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors (gliptins): a new class of oral antidiabetic drugs].
Topics: Adamantane; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug | 2011 |
The cardioprotective effects of metformin.
Topics: Animals; Cardiotonic Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Cardiomyo | 2011 |
Weight beneficial treatments for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insuli | 2011 |
Interventions for latent autoimmune diabetes (LADA) in adults.
Topics: Adult; Autoimmune Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glutamate Decarboxylas | 2011 |
Reduced risk of colorectal cancer with metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2011 |
Cost-effectiveness of second-line antihyperglycemic therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin.
Topics: Computer Simulation; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhib | 2011 |
Metformin effects revisited.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Treatment Outcome | 2012 |
[Hypoglycemia].
Topics: Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gliclazide; Humans; | 2011 |
Diabetes mellitus and the risk of cancer.
Topics: Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2011 |
Linagliptin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (pharmacokinetic evaluation).
Topics: Area Under Curve; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dose-Response Relat | 2011 |
Gestational diabetes: implications for cardiovascular health.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Ge | 2012 |
Second-line therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy: a systematic review and mixed-treatment comparison meta-analysis.
Topics: Bayes Theorem; Body Weight; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV | 2011 |
[Incretin-based therapy for treating patients with type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Adamantane; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibito | 2011 |
Metabolic correction in the management of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: improving clinical results beyond symptom control.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Neuropathies; Dietary Supplements; Disease Progre | 2011 |
Beyond metformin: initiating combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Patien | 2011 |
Management of diabetes in pregnancy.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Glyburide; Huma | 2012 |
Metformin + saxagliptin for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Combinat | 2012 |
[Metformin and insulin in chronic heart failure: contraindications not contraindicated and indications not indicated].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Cardiovascular Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Contraindications; Diabetes Melli | 2011 |
DPP-4 inhibitors in the management of type 2 diabetes: a critical review of head-to-head trials.
Topics: Adamantane; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; | 2012 |
Evaluation of guideline recommendations on oral medications for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review.
Topics: Canada; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; | 2012 |
Type 2 diabetes and obesity metabolic interactions: common factors for breast cancer risk and novel approaches to prevention and therapy.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Estrogens; Female; Human | 2012 |
Quantifying the effect of metformin treatment and dose on glycemic control.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2012 |
Saxagliptin plus metformin combination in patients with type 2 diabetes and renal impairment.
Topics: Adamantane; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV I | 2012 |
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: 3 years of experience.
Topics: Adamantane; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors | 2012 |
The effect of linagliptin on glycaemic control and tolerability in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptid | 2012 |
Iodine-based radiographic contrast medium may precipitate metformin-associated lactic acidosis in diabetic patients. A case report, literature review and practical approach.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged, 80 and over; Atrial Fibrillation; Contraindications; Contrast Media; Creatin | 2012 |
Intensifying insulin therapy with insulin analog premixes: transitioning from basal insulin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2012 |
Combination therapy with metformin plus vildagliptin in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adamantane; Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV | 2012 |
Metformin use among individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Early Diagnosis; Fasting; Female; Humans; | 2012 |
The design of the liraglutide clinical trial programme.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combina | 2012 |
Liraglutide: from clinical trials to clinical practice.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Respo | 2012 |
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the clinical setting: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Di | 2012 |
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the clinical setting: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Di | 2012 |
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the clinical setting: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Di | 2012 |
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the clinical setting: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Di | 2012 |
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the clinical setting: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Di | 2012 |
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the clinical setting: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Di | 2012 |
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the clinical setting: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Di | 2012 |
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the clinical setting: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Di | 2012 |
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the clinical setting: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Di | 2012 |
The influence of antidiabetic medications on the development and progression of prostate cancer.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2012 |
Cancer risk in diabetic patients treated with metformin: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Meta-An | 2012 |
A gene variant near ATM is significantly associated with metformin treatment response in type 2 diabetes: a replication and meta-analysis of five cohorts.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA Replication; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; | 2012 |
Drug interactions with oral antidiabetic agents: pharmacokinetic mechanisms and clinical implications.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Benzamides; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8; Cytochrome | 2012 |
Effect of antidiabetic agents added to metformin on glycaemic control, hypoglycaemia and weight change in patients with type 2 diabetes: a network meta-analysis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobi | 2012 |
Does use of metformin protect against cancer in Type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2012 |
Reappraisal of metformin efficacy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Humans; Metformin; Outcome Assessment, Health Care | 2012 |
Comparison of metformin and insulin versus insulin alone for type 2 diabetes: systematic review of randomised clinical trials with meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses.
Topics: Bias; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemogl | 2012 |
Metformin for liver cancer prevention in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Algorithms; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Chemoprevention; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2012 |
Diabetes and cancer II: role of diabetes medications and influence of shared risk factors.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperinsulinism; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformin; Neoplas | 2012 |
Recommendations for improving adherence to type 2 diabetes mellitus therapy--focus on optimizing oral and non-insulin therapies.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Directive Counseling; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, | 2012 |
Therapeutic choices, and the nurse practitioner's role, in type 2 diabetes when metformin alone is no longer enough.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Decision Making; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypogl | 2012 |
Insulin initiation in type 2 diabetes: what are the treatment regimen options and how can we best help patients feel empowered?
Topics: Algorithms; Decision Making; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2012 |
Metformin in obesity, cancer and aging: addressing controversies.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metform | 2012 |
Cancer risk associated with use of metformin and sulfonylurea in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Neoplasms; Risk Factors; Sulfonyl | 2012 |
Cardiovascular disease and oral agent glucose-lowering therapies in the management of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Dip | 2012 |
Probable hepatotoxicity associated with the use of metformin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diagnosis, Differential; F | 2011 |
Drug-induced hypoglycaemia in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Exenati | 2012 |
[Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Adult; Child; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, D | 2012 |
Metformin pathways: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2012 |
Insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic youth.
Topics: Adolescent; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise Tolerance; Female | 2012 |
Role of AMPK in pancreatic beta cell function.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2013 |
Overview of metformin: special focus on metformin extended release.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hy | 2012 |
Metformin and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis and critical literature review.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Postmen | 2012 |
Targeting the consequences of the metabolic syndrome in the Diabetes Prevention Program.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dyslipidemias; Humans; | 2012 |
Momordica charantia for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Momordica charantia; P | 2012 |
Linagliptin: a review of its use in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl | 2012 |
Management of diabetes and pancreatic cancer.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Antiemetics; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Combined Modality Thera | 2012 |
Early and tight glycaemic control - the key to managing type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Australia; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Glycated Hemoglobin; Human | 2012 |
Long-term efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride and placebo, all in combination with metformin in type 2 diabetes: 2-year results from the LEAD-2 study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2013 |
Long-term efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride and placebo, all in combination with metformin in type 2 diabetes: 2-year results from the LEAD-2 study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2013 |
Long-term efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride and placebo, all in combination with metformin in type 2 diabetes: 2-year results from the LEAD-2 study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2013 |
Long-term efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride and placebo, all in combination with metformin in type 2 diabetes: 2-year results from the LEAD-2 study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2013 |
Insulin sensitization therapy and the heart: focus on metformin and thiazolidinediones.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Heart; Heart Failur | 2012 |
[Proposal for the modification of metformin use in patients with chronic kidney disease].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2012 |
Combine and conquer: advantages and disadvantages of fixed-dose combination therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Administration Sc | 2013 |
Incretin-based therapy in combination with basal insulin: a promising tactic for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Ther | 2013 |
[Role of metformin in diabetes treatment--is metformin falling from grace?].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformin; Patient Safety; Risk Ass | 2012 |
AMP-activated protein kinase: a target for drugs both ancient and modern.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Diabetes | 2012 |
Combination of glibenclamide-metformin HCl for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Tre | 2012 |
Pathophysiology of prediabetes and treatment implications for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; Metformin | 2013 |
Metformin and reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in diabetic patients: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liver Neoplasms; | 2013 |
Dapagliflozin: a review of its use in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glipizide; Glucosides; H | 2012 |
Dapagliflozin: a review of its use in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glipizide; Glucosides; H | 2012 |
Dapagliflozin: a review of its use in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glipizide; Glucosides; H | 2012 |
Dapagliflozin: a review of its use in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glipizide; Glucosides; H | 2012 |
Metformin and the risk of cancer: time-related biases in observational studies.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Neoplasms | 2012 |
The impact of current and novel anti-diabetic therapies on cardiovascular risk.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2012 |
Linagliptin/Metformin fixed-dose combination treatment: a dual attack to type 2 diabetes pathophysiology.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Li | 2012 |
Diabetes and pancreatic cancer.
Topics: Age Factors; Body Mass Index; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Early Detection o | 2012 |
Initial combination with linagliptin and metformin in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and severe hyperglycemia.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglyc | 2012 |
PCOS: metabolic impact and long-term management.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antihypertensive Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Comorbidity; Diabetes Me | 2012 |
A review of the efficacy and safety of oral antidiabetic drugs.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2013 |
Evolution of exenatide as a diabetes therapeutic.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; D | 2013 |
Second line therapy: type 2 diabetic subjects failing on metformin GLP-1/DPP-IV inhibitors versus sulphonylurea/insulin: for GLP-1/DPP-IV inhibitors.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Humans; Hypo | 2012 |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus in 2012: Optimal management of T2DM remains elusive.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; | 2013 |
Alzheimer's disease and diabetes: new insights and unifying therapies.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; Diabetes Mell | 2013 |
Antidiabetic therapy effects on bone metabolism and fracture risk.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Bone Density; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pepti | 2013 |
Linagliptin plus metformin: a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibito | 2013 |
Anti-diabetic medications and the risk of hepatocellular cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2013 |
Oral hypoglycaemics. When not to use what.
Topics: Acarbose; Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glyburide; H | 2002 |
Should patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome be treated with metformin?: an enthusiastic endorsement.
Topics: Contraceptives, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2002 |
Can reducing peaks prevent type 2 diabetes: implication from recent diabetes prevention trials.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Exercise; Humans | 2002 |
Efficacy, effectiveness and safety of sulphonylurea-metformin combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Comb | 2002 |
[Primary prevention of diabetes mellitus by pharmacological intervention].
Topics: Acarbose; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mel | 2002 |
[Follow-up system for diabetic subjects screened in the place of work].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Follow-Up Studies; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; L | 2002 |
[Structure and mechanisms of action of biguanides].
Topics: Animals; Biguanides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Intestinal Abs | 2002 |
[Metformin--its regimen and effects].
Topics: Acarbose; Biguanides; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therap | 2002 |
[Adverse effect of biguanides].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Biguanides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2002 |
[Clinical usefulness of treatment with biguanide and insulin].
Topics: Biguanides; Buformin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug | 2002 |
[Combination therapy with biguanides].
Topics: Acarbose; Biguanides; Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, C | 2002 |
Therapeutic options for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: 1-Deoxynojirimycin; Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Management; Education, Medical, Contin | 2002 |
The contentious nature of gestational diabetes: diet, insulin, glyburide and metformin.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Glyburide; Human | 2002 |
Oral anti diabetic polychemotherapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; H | 2002 |
Is metformin cardioprotective?
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Risk Fac | 2003 |
Insulin sensitisation in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1; Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists; Cardiovascular Dis | 2003 |
Combination of drugs in the management of diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypogl | 2002 |
Oral hypoglycaemic agent failure.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gliclazide; Glycated Hem | 2002 |
Addition of rosiglitazone to metformin is most effective in obese, insulin-resistant patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double- | 2003 |
Influence of initial hyperglycaemia, weight and age on the blood glucose lowering efficacy and incidence of hypoglycaemic symptoms with a single-tablet metformin-glibenclamide therapy (Glucovance) in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relation | 2003 |
Repaglinide in combination therapy.
Topics: Carbamates; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2002 |
Prevention of type 2 diabetes: are we ready?
Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lactones; Life Style; Lipase; Metf | 2003 |
[Drug compliance in type 2 diabetes: role of drug treatment regimens and consequences on their benefits].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metfor | 2003 |
Metformin and its liver targets in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liver; Metfo | 2003 |
Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Cohort Studies; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2003 |
Combination agents for diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Female; Glipizide; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2003 |
Treatment of patients over 64 years of age with type 2 diabetes: experience from nateglinide pooled database retrospective analysis.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Comorbidity; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic | 2003 |
Metformin and gestational diabetes.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Glucose; Humans; | 2003 |
[Insulin-sensitizing agents: metformin and thiazolidinedione derivatives].
Topics: Adipocytes; Adiponectin; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mell | 2003 |
[Nateglinide and mitiglinide].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; | 2003 |
Glyburide/metformin tablets: a new therapeutic option for the management of Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Cost of Illness; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Glyburide; | 2003 |
Reducing coronary heart disease associated with type 2 diabetes: lifestyle intervention and treatment of dyslipidaemia.
Topics: Body Weight; Clinical Trials as Topic; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Co | 2003 |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus in youth.
Topics: Adolescent; Behavior Therapy; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Child; Comorbidity; Diab | 2003 |
Laparoscopic treatment of polycystic ovaries: is it time to relinquish the procedure?
Topics: Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; Humans; Hypogl | 2003 |
[Is it possible to prevent type 2 diabetes?].
Topics: Acarbose; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Exercise; Female; Glucose Intolerance; Human | 2003 |
Metformin: new understandings, new uses.
Topics: Anti-Obesity Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Liver; Female; HIV I | 2003 |
Metformin: new understandings, new uses.
Topics: Anti-Obesity Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Liver; Female; HIV I | 2003 |
Metformin: new understandings, new uses.
Topics: Anti-Obesity Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Liver; Female; HIV I | 2003 |
Metformin: new understandings, new uses.
Topics: Anti-Obesity Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Liver; Female; HIV I | 2003 |
[Medication of the month. Glucovance in type 2 diabetes, a fixed combination of metformin-glibenclamide for the treatment of a bipolar metabolic disease].
Topics: Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; In | 2003 |
Management of diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance in patients with cardiovascular disease.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Hyperten | 2003 |
Insulin in the early management of diabetic complications.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformi | 2003 |
Is metformin more than an oral hypoglycaemic agent?
Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; H | 2003 |
Improving survival with metformin: the evidence base today.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus | 2003 |
Beneficial effects of metformin on haemostasis and vascular function in man.
Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Blood Coagulation; Blood Platelets; Blood Vessels; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabet | 2003 |
Potential contribution of metformin to the management of cardiovascular disease risk in patients with abdominal obesity, the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Abdomen; Adipose Tissue; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Glucose; Body Constitution; Cardiovascular Diseases | 2003 |
Do effects on blood pressure contribute to improved clinical outcomes with metformin?
Topics: Blood Pressure; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2003 |
Antiatherogenic properties of metformin: the experimental evidence.
Topics: Animals; Aortic Diseases; Arteries; Arteriosclerosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Ani | 2003 |
Mitochondrial metabolism and type-2 diabetes: a specific target of metformin.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Cell Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Energy Metabolism; Ger | 2003 |
The potential of metformin for diabetes prevention.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; Metformin; | 2003 |
Metformin and vascular protection: a cardiologist's view.
Topics: Cardiology; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic | 2003 |
Metformin and vascular protection: a diabetologist's view.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Hyperglycemia; | 2003 |
[Optimized diabetes therapy in type 2 diabetics].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Benzamides; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mel | 2003 |
Insulin resistance: from predisposing factor to therapeutic target in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resi | 2003 |
[Is type-2 diabetes mellitus preventable?].
Topics: Acarbose; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Anti-Obesity Agents; Antihypertensive Agents; Cl | 2003 |
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists in atherosclerosis: current evidence and future directions.
Topics: Albuminuria; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Pressure; C-Reactive Protein; Carotid Arteries; Coronary Resten | 2003 |
Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Phenformin; Ris | 2003 |
Thiazolidinedione use, fluid retention, and congestive heart failure: a consensus statement from the American Heart Association and American Diabetes Association. October 7, 2003.
Topics: Blood Volume; Clinical Trials as Topic; Comorbidity; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2003 |
[Drug treatment of type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Cause of Death; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2003 |
[Insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Controlled Clinical Trials as | 2003 |
[Progress in the prevention of type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Acarbose; Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Blood Glucose; Chromans | 2003 |
Metformin and lactic acidosis: cause or coincidence? A review of case reports.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypogly | 2004 |
Metformin hydrochloride in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a clinical review with a focus on dual therapy.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Drug Ther | 2003 |
Metformin in obstetric and gynecologic practice: a review.
Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Anovulation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gastrointestinal Tract; Human | 2004 |
Metformin for the treatment of the polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amenorrhea; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clomiphene; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diab | 2004 |
[Continuation 50. Type 2 diabetes: possibilities and limitations of pharmacological therapy].
Topics: 1-Deoxynojirimycin; Acarbose; Aged; Blood Glucose; Carbamates; Contraindications; Cyclohexanes; Diab | 2003 |
Role of oral anti-diabetic agents in modifying cardiovascular risk factors.
Topics: Albuminuria; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Hemostasis; | 2003 |
Should the insulin resistance syndrome be treated in the elderly?
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Geriatrics; Humans; Hypogly | 2004 |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus: what is the optimal treatment regimen?
Topics: Administration, Oral; Algorithms; B-Lymphocytes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2004 |
[Etiology of and therapy for type-2 diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Environment; Exercise; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insuli | 2004 |
Long-term glycaemic control with pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gliclazide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metfo | 2004 |
Treatment of insulin resistance in diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hyp | 2004 |
Glycemic treatment: Control of glycemia.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Intolerance; H | 2004 |
Metformin therapy and diabetes in pregnancy.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Po | 2004 |
Rosiglitazone plus metformin: combination therapy for Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Combinat | 2004 |
The effect of metformin on blood pressure, plasma cholesterol and triglycerides in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellit | 2004 |
Metformin extended release--DepoMed: metformin, metformin gastric retention, metformin GR.
Topics: Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Rand | 2004 |
A comparison of the effects of thiazolidinediones and metformin on metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; In Vitro Techniques; | 2004 |
Towards single-tablet therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Rationale and recent developments.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Rosiglitazone; | 2004 |
Extended-release metformin hydrochloride. Single-composition osmotic tablet formulation.
Topics: Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Osmo | 2004 |
Single-composition extended-release metformin hydrochloride. A viewpoint by David Bell.
Topics: Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2004 |
Single-composition extended-release metformin hydrochloride. A viewpoint by Vivian Fonseca.
Topics: Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2004 |
Rosiglitazone maleate/metformin hydrochloride: a new formulation therapy for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2004 |
[Assessment of the management of type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Anthropometry; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diagnosis, Differe | 2004 |
Current indications for metformin therapy.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin R | 2003 |
Cardiovascular effects of treatment of type 2 diabetes with pioglitazone, metformin and gliclazide.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glicl | 2004 |
Avandamet: combined metformin-rosiglitazone treatment for insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insuli | 2004 |
[Oral diabetes treatment. Which substance is indicated at which time?].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Germany; Glucagon; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glucago | 2004 |
Pharmacologic prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lactones; Meta-Analysis | 2005 |
Tolerability profile of metformin/glibenclamide combination tablets (Glucovance): a new treatment for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Drug | 2004 |
Islet adaptation to insulin resistance: mechanisms and implications for intervention.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cholinergic Agonists; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2005 |
Initiating oral glucose-lowering therapy with metformin in type 2 diabetic patients: an evidence-based strategy to reduce the burden of late-developing diabetes complications.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Hypoglycemic Agents; Islets of Lang | 2004 |
Glycemic management of type 2 diabetes: an emerging strategy with oral agents, insulins, and combinations.
Topics: Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglob | 2005 |
Insulin monotherapy vs. combination therapy.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2005 |
[Pathophysiological conditions progressing from impaired glucose tolerance: type 2 diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Disease Progression; Exercise Therapy; Glucose Into | 2005 |
[Characteristic of metformin for treatment of impaired glucose tolerance].
Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Biguanides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Hypog | 2005 |
[Diabetes prevention program (metformin)].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Follow-Up Studies; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insu | 2005 |
[Diet therapy for impaired glucose tolerance].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Dietary Fiber; Energy Intake; Evidence-Based Med | 2005 |
[Therapies for newly-onset diabetic patients].
Topics: Acarbose; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet Therapy; Enzyme Inhibitors; Exercise Therapy | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet | 2005 |
[Perioperative treatment of patients with Diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Anesthesia; Blood Transfusion; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2005 |
[Therapy with oral antidiabetic agents -- special considerations in the case of coronary heart disease].
Topics: Acarbose; Administration, Oral; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinati | 2005 |
Pioglitazone in a subgroup of patients with type 2 diabetes meeting the criteria for metabolic syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2005 |
[Controversial therapeutic strategies in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Follow-Up Studies; Gli | 2005 |
[Medical management of primary nonalcoholic fatty liver disease].
Topics: Anti-Obesity Agents; Anticholesteremic Agents; Atorvastatin; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fa | 2005 |
Metformin monotherapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Randomized Controlled Trials as T | 2005 |
[Polycystic ovary syndrome. New pathophysiological discoveries--therapeutic consequences].
Topics: Contraceptives, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; | 2005 |
Metformin extended release: metformin gastric retention, metformin GR, metformin XR.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Tablets | 2005 |
Metformin's contraindications should be contraindicated.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2005 |
[Metformin for type-2 diabetes mellitus. Systematic review and meta-analysis].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Chi-Square Distribution; Cholesterol, LDL; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2005 |
[Triple oral therapy in type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2005 |
Combination therapy using metformin or thiazolidinediones and insulin in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2005 |
Metformin revisited: re-evaluation of its properties and role in the pharmacopoeia of modern antidiabetic agents.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Me | 2005 |
Metformin revisited: re-evaluation of its properties and role in the pharmacopoeia of modern antidiabetic agents.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Me | 2005 |
Metformin revisited: re-evaluation of its properties and role in the pharmacopoeia of modern antidiabetic agents.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Me | 2005 |
Metformin revisited: re-evaluation of its properties and role in the pharmacopoeia of modern antidiabetic agents.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Me | 2005 |
Metformin revisited: re-evaluation of its properties and role in the pharmacopoeia of modern antidiabetic agents.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Me | 2005 |
Metformin revisited: re-evaluation of its properties and role in the pharmacopoeia of modern antidiabetic agents.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Me | 2005 |
Metformin revisited: re-evaluation of its properties and role in the pharmacopoeia of modern antidiabetic agents.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Me | 2005 |
Metformin revisited: re-evaluation of its properties and role in the pharmacopoeia of modern antidiabetic agents.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Me | 2005 |
Metformin revisited: re-evaluation of its properties and role in the pharmacopoeia of modern antidiabetic agents.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Me | 2005 |
Treating insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes with metformin and thiazolidinediones.
Topics: Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Monitoring; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypergly | 2005 |
Insulin-sensitisers in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Drug Approval; Exercise; Fema | 2005 |
Metformin lactic acidosis and anaesthesia: myth or reality?
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Anesthesia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2005 |
[Traditional contraindications to the use of metformin -- more harmful than beneficial?].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Age Factors; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Hear | 2006 |
Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Cohort Studies; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2006 |
Effects of metformin and thiazolidinediones on suppression of hepatic glucose production and stimulation of glucose uptake in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucose; Humans; Liver; Metformin; Th | 2006 |
Metformin: old wine in new bottle--evolving technology and therapy in diabetes.
Topics: Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2005 |
Metformin extended release for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Animals; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin | 2006 |
Drug therapy in prediabetes.
Topics: Acarbose; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Hu | 2005 |
[Regulation of energy metabolism by AMPK: a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases].
Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Adipogenesis; Allosteric Regulation; AMP-Activated | 2006 |
Glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug T | 2005 |
Insulin resistance and improvements in signal transduction.
Topics: Adiponectin; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Appetite Regulation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme A | 2006 |
Long-term efficacy of sulfonylureas: a United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study perspective.
Topics: Cerebral Cortex; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gly | 2006 |
Prevention of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in women with PCOS: treatment with insulin sensitizers.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Res | 2006 |
Thiazolidinedione derivatives in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Piogli | 2006 |
Inhibitors of the Maillard reaction and AGE breakers as therapeutics for multiple diseases.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Guanidines; Humans; Hyp | 2006 |
Cost-effectiveness of rosiglitazone combination therapy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the UK.
Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2006 |
Cost-effectiveness of rosiglitazone oral combination for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in Germany.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2006 |
Lifetime health consequences and cost-effectiveness of rosiglitazone in combination with metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in Spain.
Topics: Adult; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combi | 2006 |
Incretin mimetics and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors: a review of emerging therapies for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2006 |
Pharmacological and surgical intervention for the prevention of diabetes.
Topics: Acarbose; Bariatric Surgery; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; Met | 2006 |
Exenatide: an incretin mimetic for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Fasting; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glycated Hemo | 2006 |
Role of metformin in the initiation of pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes: an Asian-Pacific perspective.
Topics: Asia; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inciden | 2007 |
The treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in youth : which therapies?
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adolescent; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2006 |
Metformin and pioglitazone: Effectively treating insulin resistance.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Metformin; Pioglitazone; | 2006 |
A fixed-dose combination of pioglitazone and metformin: A promising alternative in metabolic control.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pioglita | 2006 |
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors for people with impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting blood glucose.
Topics: Acarbose; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme Inhibitors; Fasting; Glucose Intolerance; | 2006 |
Clinical inquiries. What is the role of combination therapy (insulin plus oral medication) in type 2 diabetes?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2006 |
[Development of body weight during antidiabetic treatment].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Energy Metabolism; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2006 |
[Oral antidiabetic therapy].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2006 |
Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes: the end of recurrent failure?
Topics: Algorithms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin- | 2006 |
Antidiabetic agents in subjects with mild dysglycaemia: prevention or early treatment of type 2 diabetes?
Topics: Acarbose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformin; | 2007 |
[Drug treatment of type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Humans; Hypo | 2007 |
[Exenatide--an incretin-mimetic agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenat | 2007 |
Exenatide: a review of its use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (as an adjunct to metformin and/or a sulfonylurea).
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2007 |
Meglitinide analogues for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Benzamides; Carbamates; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metfor | 2007 |
Pharmacogenetics of metformin response: a step in the path toward personalized medicine.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Genetic Variation; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pharm | 2007 |
Progress in the treatment of diabetes type 1 and 2.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Female; Genetic | 2007 |
[Diabetes type 2 in pediatrics: diagnosis and management].
Topics: Adolescent; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2007 |
Oral antidiabetic agents in pregnancy and lactation: a paradigm shift?
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Breast Feeding; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2007 |
Metformin/rosiglitazone combination pill (Avandamet) for the treatment of patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistan | 2007 |
Metformin and body weight.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Body Weight; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agent | 2008 |
Cardiovascular benefits and safety profile of acarbose therapy in prediabetes and established type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Acarbose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Ang | 2007 |
Pioglitazone and metformin.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Piogl | 2007 |
Metformin, heart failure, and lactic acidosis: is metformin absolutely contraindicated?
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2007 |
Antiretroviral therapy and the human immunodeficiency virus--improved survival but at what cost?
Topics: Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2008 |
beta-cell function and anti-diabetic pharmacotherapy.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Insulin-Secreti | 2007 |
An overview of pancreatic beta-cell defects in human type 2 diabetes: implications for treatment.
Topics: Cell Count; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insu | 2008 |
Comparison of different drugs as add-on treatments to metformin in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Patien | 2008 |
Unmet needs in controlling metabolic disease.
Topics: Anti-Obesity Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Exercise; Humans; Hyp | 2007 |
Adipose tissue and diabetes therapy: do we hit the target?
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2007 |
Treatment update: thiazolidinediones in combination with metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hy | 2007 |
FPIN's clinical inquiries. Metformin therapy and diabetes prevention in adolescents who are obese.
Topics: Adolescent; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metform | 2007 |
Effects of insulin resistance on endothelial function: possible mechanisms and clinical implications.
Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelium, Vascular; Exercise | 2008 |
DPP-4 inhibitors.
Topics: Adamantane; Animals; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dru | 2007 |
Rosiglitazone : a review of its use in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Human | 2007 |
Cardiovascular risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exerci | 2007 |
Metabolic syndrome: are we at risk?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Lif | 2007 |
Management of type 2 diabetes in the obese patient: current concerns and emerging therapies.
Topics: Anti-Obesity Agents; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incretins; | 2008 |
Who should benefit from the use of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?
Topics: Acarbose; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2007 |
Sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes: a review of recent clinical trials.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; H | 2008 |
A review of thiazolidinediones and metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes with focus on cardiovascular complications.
Topics: Cardiomyopathies; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; I | 2007 |
Clinical management strategies for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase I | 2007 |
Metformin beyond diabetes: new life for an old drug.
Topics: Anti-Obesity Agents; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2006 |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibit | 2008 |
Optimizing antidiabetic treatment options for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular comorbidities.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Benzamides; Cardiovascular Diseases; Comorbidity; Contraindications; Dia | 2008 |
Treatment of type 2 diabetes with combined therapy: what are the pros and cons?
Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; H | 2008 |
Emerging concepts in the medical and surgical treatment of obesity.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Amyloid; Anticonvulsants; Antidepressive Agents; Anxiety; Appetite Regulation; Baria | 2008 |
Metformin.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular System; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinatio | 2007 |
Role of metformin in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: the state of the art.
Topics: Clomiphene; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Fertility Age | 2008 |
Metformin: effects on micro and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus | 2008 |
The nurse's role in discouraging clinical inertia in diabetes management: optimizing cardiovascular health among African-Americans.
Topics: Black or African American; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus | 2007 |
Sitagliptin: a novel agent for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Digoxin; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2008 |
[Metformin and AMPK: an old drug and a new enzyme in the context of metabolic syndrome].
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Energy Metabolism; Exercise; Glucose | 2008 |
Identification and treatment of prediabetes to prevent progression to type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Acarbose; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Glucose Intolerance; Glucos | 2007 |
Metformin: effective and safe in renal disease?
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Animals; Contraindications; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiop | 2008 |
[Metformin and type-2 diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Algorithms; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypogly | 2008 |
Polymorphism in human organic cation transporters and metformin action.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Genetic Variation; Humans; Metformin; Organic Cation Transport P | 2008 |
Incretin enhancers and the evolution of antihyperglycemic therapy in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: alpha-Glucosidases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glycoside Hydrola | 2007 |
CB1 receptor blockade and its impact on cardiometabolic risk factors: overview of the RIO programme with rimonabant.
Topics: Algorithms; Anti-Obesity Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitu | 2008 |
Glycaemic control and adverse events in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin + sulphonylurea: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobi | 2008 |
Is the combination of sulfonylureas and metformin associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease or all-cause mortality?: a meta-analysis of observational studies.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Drug Therapy, Combi | 2008 |
Effect of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on beta-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes: a model-based approach.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Female; Humans; Hypogl | 2008 |
Metformin as a weight-loss tool in "at-risk" obese adolescents: a magic bullet?
Topics: Adolescent; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Obesity; Risk Factors | 2008 |
Oral combination therapy: repaglinide plus metformin for treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2008 |
[Action of metformin at and beyond insulin receptors. Studies in humans].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Erythrocytes; Humans; Insulin; Metformin; Mono | 1983 |
Metformin. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 1995 |
Metformin. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 1995 |
Metformin. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 1995 |
Metformin. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 1995 |
[Metformin -- biguanid of choice].
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular System; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Obesity | 1995 |
[The value of metformin in therapy of type 2 diabetes: effect on insulin resistance, diabetic control and cardiovascular risk factors].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathi | 1994 |
Drugs and insulin resistance: clinical methods of evaluation and new pharmacological approaches to metabolism.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Benzothiadiazines; Diabetes Mell | 1994 |
[Principles of the prospective study on diabetes at Royaume-Uni].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Insulin; Metformin; Prospective Studies; Sulfonami | 1994 |
Treatment of poorly controlled type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Insulin; Metformin; Sulfonylurea Compounds | 1994 |
Metformin--an update.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 1993 |
Is it time to introduce metformin in the U.S.?
Topics: Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; United States | 1993 |
Effect of metformin on liver insulin metabolism and regional blood flow.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Liver; Liver Circulation; | 1995 |
Metformin and intestinal glucose handling.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Intestin | 1995 |
Metformin and free fatty acid metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 1995 |
Metformin-insulin interactions: from organ to cell.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Humans; Insulin; Metformin; Receptor, Insulin | 1995 |
The effects of metformin on cardiovascular risk factors.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fibrinolysis; Glucose; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Hypertension; Hy | 1995 |
Mechanisms of metformin action in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Intestinal Absorption; Liv | 1995 |
Worldwide experience of metformin as an effective glucose-lowering agent: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 1995 |
Lessons from UK prospective diabetes study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic Foot; Diabeti | 1995 |
What therapy do our NIDDM patients need? Insulin releasers.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Sec | 1995 |
Insulin therapy in type II diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Drug Therapy, Com | 1995 |
Metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 1996 |
Metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 1996 |
Metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 1996 |
Metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 1996 |
Metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 1996 |
Metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 1996 |
Metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 1996 |
Metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 1996 |
Metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 1996 |
Metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 1996 |
Metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 1996 |
Metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 1996 |
Metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 1996 |
Metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 1996 |
Metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 1996 |
Metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 1996 |
Metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 1996 |
Metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 1996 |
Metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 1996 |
Metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 1996 |
Metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 1996 |
Metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 1996 |
Metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 1996 |
Metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 1996 |
Metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 1996 |
Metformin: a new treatment option for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Biguanides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; In | 1996 |
Pharmacologic treatment options for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Costs and Cost Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme | 1996 |
Clinical pharmacokinetics of metformin.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inj | 1996 |
Clinical pharmacokinetics of metformin.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inj | 1996 |
Clinical pharmacokinetics of metformin.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inj | 1996 |
Clinical pharmacokinetics of metformin.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inj | 1996 |
Syndrome X. Recognition and management of this metabolic disorder in primary care.
Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypertension; Metabolic Diseases; Metformin; Ob | 1996 |
Metformin: an antihyperglycemic agent for treatment of type II diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 1996 |
Pharmacokinetics of oral antihyperglycaemic agents in patients with renal insufficiency.
Topics: Acarbose; Administration, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; R | 1996 |
Does treatment of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus reduce the risk of coronary heart disease?
Topics: Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hyperinsulinism; Hypogl | 1996 |
[Drug therapy in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance].
Topics: Acarbose; Biguanides; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Intolerance; Glycoside Hydrolase | 1996 |
Type II diabetes: exploring treatment options.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Male; Metfo | 1996 |
Cardiovascular effects of oral hypoglycaemic drugs.
Topics: Biguanides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glyburide; Heart; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 1996 |
Recent advances in the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Decision Making; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combi | 1997 |
Metformin: a safe and effective treatment in the management of NIDDM.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Tolerance; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 1997 |
Metformin hydrochloride: an antihyperglycemic agent.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Female; Glucose; Humans; Hyp | 1997 |
Pharmacological regulation of blood glucose levels in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hyp | 1997 |
An overview of metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lipids; Metformin | 1997 |
An overview of metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lipids; Metformin | 1997 |
An overview of metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lipids; Metformin | 1997 |
An overview of metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lipids; Metformin | 1997 |
[Steps toward the primary prevention of type II diabetes mellitus. Various epidemiological considerations].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Chromans; Comorbidity; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing | 1997 |
Drug treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the 1990s. Achievements and future developments.
Topics: Acarbose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformin; Trisaccharides | 1997 |
[Treatment of hypertension associated with diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antihypertensive Agents; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Chroma | 1997 |
[Insulin sparing and metabolic control with metformin-insulin combination].
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 1997 |
Metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Met | 1997 |
[Value of biguanide in therapy of diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Biguanides; Blood Glucose; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 1997 |
New oral therapies for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Acarbose; Administration, Oral; Algorithms; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combi | 1997 |
Oral antidiabetic agents. A guide to selection.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; Humans; Hypog | 1998 |
[Metformin in diabetes therapy].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperinsulinism; Metformin; Obe | 1998 |
Clinical efficacy of acarbose in diabetes mellitus: a critical review of controlled trials.
Topics: Acarbose; Blood Glucose; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyp | 1998 |
Type 2 diabetes: glycemic targets and oral therapies for older patients.
Topics: 1-Deoxynojirimycin; Acarbose; Age Factors; Aged; Blood Glucose; Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 1998 |
An evaluation of new agents in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Algorithms; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metf | 1998 |
Metformin and contrast media--a dangerous combination?
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Algorithms; Contraindications; Contrast Media; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Int | 1999 |
Insulin resistance syndrome: options for treatment.
Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hyperlipid | 1999 |
Therapy for type 2 diabetes: where do we stand after the UK prospective diabetes study?
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet Therapy; Dose-Res | 1999 |
Exploring the role of sulfonylureas in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Management; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Sul | 1997 |
Managing therapy and adverse effects with antihyperglycemic agents: a focus on metformin and acarbose.
Topics: Acarbose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Management; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Tre | 1997 |
Effects of oral antihyperglycemic agents in modifying macrovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Humans; Hypog | 1999 |
Overview of current therapeutic options in type 2 diabetes. Rationale for combining oral agents with insulin therapy.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination | 1999 |
[Therapeutic utility of biguanides in the treatment of NIDDM].
Topics: Biguanides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 1999 |
Insulin resistance: site of the primary defect or how the current and the emerging therapies work.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Appetite Depressants; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fenfluramine; Humans; Hypog | 1998 |
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: a rare or very rare clinical entity?
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Administration, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; England; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 1999 |
Efficacy of metformin in the treatment of NIDDM. Meta-analysis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 1999 |
Insulin and type 2 diabetes. Last resort or rational management?
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Clinical Protocols; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; D | 1999 |
[Glycemic regulation and management of essential hypertension in diabetics with type 2 diabetes mellitus; the 'United Kingdom prospective diabetes study' of diabetic complications].
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antihypertensive | 1999 |
A risk-benefit assessment of metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Body Weight; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose; Humans | 1999 |
Membrane physiology as a basis for the cellular effects of metformin in insulin resistance and diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cell Membrane; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; | 1999 |
Pharmacologic therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Administration, Oral; Algorithms; Carbamates; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidenc | 1999 |
Pharmacologic therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Administration, Oral; Algorithms; Carbamates; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidenc | 1999 |
Pharmacologic therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Administration, Oral; Algorithms; Carbamates; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidenc | 1999 |
Pharmacologic therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Administration, Oral; Algorithms; Carbamates; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidenc | 1999 |
[Current status of the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The revival of insulin-resistance drugs].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme Inhibitors; Exercise; Fenfluramine | 1999 |
Troglitazone: antihyperglycemic activity and potential role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resi | 1999 |
[Insulin resistance: therapeutic approaches].
Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise Therapy; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 1999 |
The use of insulin secretagogues in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Acarbose; Carbamates; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucagon; Gluc | 1999 |
The use of insulin alone and in combination with oral agents in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Acarbose; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy | 1999 |
A review of metabolic and cardiovascular effects of oral antidiabetic agents: beyond glucose-level lowering.
Topics: Antioxidants; Blood Coagulation; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Cholesterol, LDL; C | 1999 |
Treatment of diabetes mellitus: implications of the use of oral agents.
Topics: Acarbose; Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; G | 1999 |
Clinical efficacy of metformin against insulin resistance parameters: sinking the iceberg.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angio | 1999 |
The antihyperglycaemic effect of metformin: therapeutic and cellular mechanisms.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids; Gluconeogenesis; Glycogen Synthase; | 1999 |
Insulin resistance, polycystic ovary syndrome and metformin.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Res | 1999 |
Strategies for the management of diabetic dyslipidaemia.
Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hyperlipidemia | 1999 |
Prevention of type 2 diabetes: role of metformin.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypogl | 1999 |
New drugs for diabetes.
Topics: Carbamates; Chromans; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin | 1999 |
Oral pharmacologic management of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: 1-Deoxynojirimycin; Acarbose; Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug T | 1999 |
New directions in type 2 diabetes mellitus: an update of current oral antidiabetic therapy.
Topics: Carbamates; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Piperidines | 1999 |
[Combination treatment with insulin and metformin in type 2 diabetes. Improves glycemic control and prevents weight gain].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; In | 1999 |
[Metformin-induced lactic acidosis].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Disease; Coma; Combined Modality Therapy; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellit | 2000 |
Implications of the United Kingdom prospective diabetes study for patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2000 |
Combining sulfonylureas and other oral agents.
Topics: Acarbose; Administration, Oral; Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, D | 2000 |
Improving management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: 2. Biguanides.
Topics: Biguanides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypogly | 1999 |
[++UKPDS Study. Metformin in obese patients with Type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 340].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; | 2000 |
[Metformin efficacious in poorly controlled diabetes mellitus type 2].
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Blood Glucose; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabete | 2000 |
[Current role of metformin in treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2000 |
[Prevention of lactic acidosis due to metformin intoxication in contrast media nephropathy].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Clinical Protocols; Contraindications; Contrast Media; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellit | 2000 |
Optimising therapy for insulin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin | 2000 |
Rosiglitazone in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a critical review.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Biological Availability; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2000 |
[Clinically important effects of oral antidiabetic drug interactions].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; H | 2000 |
Diabetes in elderly adults.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet Therapy; Exercise; Female; Glyburide; Glycoside Hydrola | 2001 |
Metformin and lactic acidosis in diabetic humans.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Met | 2000 |
Using dose-response characteristics of therapeutics agents for treatment decisions in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Acarbose; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug | 2000 |
UKPDS and beyond: into the next millennium. United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endocrinology; Humans; Hypoglyce | 1999 |
Combination therapy in type 2 diabetes: the role of repaglinide.
Topics: Carbamates; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; | 2001 |
Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of hepatic glucose metabolism in humans.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Glucose; Glycogen; Humans; Hyperglyce | 2001 |
[Should the occurrence of a first coronary event change the management of diabetes?].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Disease; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Agents; | 2000 |
Rosiglitazone.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Drug Therap | 2001 |
Management of type 2 diabetes. Evolving strategies for treatment.
Topics: Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise Therapy; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; Humans; Hy | 2001 |
[Type 2 diabetes mellitus: Which place for thiazolidinediones in the therapeutic strategy?].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Europe; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; | 2001 |
Metformin: intrinsic vasculoprotective properties.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycosylation; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypo | 2000 |
Safety of drugs commonly used to treat hypertension, dyslipidemia, and Type 2 diabetes (the metabolic syndrome): part 2.
Topics: Acarbose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Human | 2000 |
Obesity medications and the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Acarbose; Anti-Obesity Agents; Appetite Depressants; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 1999 |
[Repaglinide, potentially a therapeutic improvement for diabetes mellitus type 2].
Topics: Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoglycemia; H | 2001 |
Nateglinide: a new rapid-acting insulinotropic agent.
Topics: Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2001 |
The blooming of the French lilac.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metf | 2001 |
The blooming of the French lilac.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metf | 2001 |
The blooming of the French lilac.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metf | 2001 |
The blooming of the French lilac.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metf | 2001 |
Glyburide/metformin HCl clinical overview.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Glyburide; Gl | 2001 |
Oral antihyperglycemic therapy for type 2 diabetes: scientific review.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Biguanides; Blood Glucose; Carbamates; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Di | 2002 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Anovulation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Glucose Intoler | 2002 |
Type 2 diabetes management: a comprehensive clinical review of oral medications.
Topics: Benzamides; Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycoside Hydrolase In | 2002 |
Restoring post-prandial insulin release in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2002 |
Should patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome be treated with metformin? A note of cautious optimism.
Topics: Anovulation; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gastrointestin | 2002 |
Children with type 2 diabetes: the risks of complications.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insul | 2002 |
[The effect of metformin on late diabetic complications and cardiovascular events in obese patients with type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; H | 2002 |
[Metformin. Mode of action and effect of monotherapy and combination therapy on glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Acarbose; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2002 |
Management of hyperglycemia in minority children with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adolescent; Black People; Blood Glucose; Child; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2002 |
Polycystic ovary syndrome. Long term sequelae and management.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diag | 2002 |
[Rosiglitazone: clinical data].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Me | 2002 |
[Is a new therapeutic class justified in the treatment of type 2 diabetes?].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2002 |
Current oral agents for type 2 diabetes. Many options, but which to choose when?
Topics: Carbamates; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Monitoring; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gly | 2002 |
[Therapeutic renaissance. Biguanides in type-2 diabetes: metformin].
Topics: Animals; Biguanides; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agent | 2002 |
Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Cohort Studies; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2002 |
Metformin: an update.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Huma | 2002 |
Biguanide-associated lactic acidosis. Case report and review of the literature.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Biguanides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Emigration and Immi | 1992 |
[Lipid anomalies in NIDDM and insulin resistance. Role of metformin].
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Insulin Resist | 1992 |
Hypoglycaemic and anti-hyperglycaemic drugs for the control of diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Sec | 1991 |
[Glycemic equilibrium and weight evolution in diabetics taking metformin].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Meta-Analys | 1991 |
Basal glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes. A critical review.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Tritium | 1991 |
The effects of metformin on the fibrinolytic system in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fibrinolysis; Humans; Metformin; Reference Values | 1991 |
[Identification and prevention of vascular risk. Significance of metformin].
Topics: Anthropometry; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Humans; I | 1990 |
Practical management of diabetes in the tropics.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose | 1990 |
[Action of metformin in insulin resistance].
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Insulin Secretion; | 1985 |
Treatment--metformin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin | 1988 |
[Update on metformin].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin | 1987 |
1738 trials available for metformin and Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Renal hemodynamic effects differ between antidiabetic combination strategies: randomized controlled clinical trial comparing empagliflozin/linagliptin with metformin/insulin glargine.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase | 2021 |
The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Metabolic and Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A 6-Month Follow Up Randomized Controlled Study.
Topics: Antioxidants; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Drug Therap | 2021 |
Comparison of the Efficacy, Tolerability and Side Effect Profile of Vildagliptin-Metformin with Metformin-GlibenclamideMamong Nigerian.
Topics: Adamantane; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Metformin; Nigeria; Nitril | 2021 |
Long-term effects of dapagliflozin plus saxagliptin versus glimepiride on a background of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: Results of a 104-week extension to a 52-week randomized, phase 3 study and liver fat MRI substudy.
Topics: Adamantane; Adipose Tissue; Adolescent; Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipe | 2022 |
Safety, feasibility and efficacy of metformin and sitagliptin in patients with a TIA or minor ischaemic stroke and impaired glucose tolerance.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Brain Ischemia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combina | 2021 |
Shape of the OGTT glucose response curve: relationship with β-cell function and differences by sex, race, and BMI in adults with early type 2 diabetes treated with metformin.
Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose; Glucose | 2021 |
HbA1c-Triggered Endocrinology Electronic Consultation for Type 2 Diabetes Management.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Metformin; Remote Consultati | 2022 |
Maintenance of glycaemic control with liraglutide versus oral antidiabetic drugs as add-on therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled with metformin alone: A randomized clinical trial in primary care (LIRA-PRIME).
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated Hemoglo | 2022 |
Comparison of Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Metformin Sustained-Release Tablet (II) (Dulening) and Metformin Tablet (Glucophage) in Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglo | 2021 |
Effects of probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1 on the gastrointestinal symptoms of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin: An open-label, single-arm, exploratory research trial.
Topics: Aged; Bifidobacterium bifidum; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Gastrointestinal Dise | 2022 |
Effect of Metformin and Lifestyle Interventions on Mortality in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; | 2021 |
Effect of Metformin and Lifestyle Interventions on Mortality in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; | 2021 |
Effect of Metformin and Lifestyle Interventions on Mortality in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; | 2021 |
Effect of Metformin and Lifestyle Interventions on Mortality in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; | 2021 |
Remission of Type 2 Diabetes Following a Short-term Intensive Intervention With Insulin Glargine, Sitagliptin, and Metformin: Results of an Open-label Randomized Parallel-Design Trial.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hy | 2022 |
A randomized clinical trial of the efficacy and safety of sitagliptin as initial oral therapy in youth with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Meth | 2022 |
A randomized clinical trial of the efficacy and safety of sitagliptin as initial oral therapy in youth with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Meth | 2022 |
A randomized clinical trial of the efficacy and safety of sitagliptin as initial oral therapy in youth with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Meth | 2022 |
A randomized clinical trial of the efficacy and safety of sitagliptin as initial oral therapy in youth with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Meth | 2022 |
Effects of 18-months metformin versus placebo in combination with three insulin regimens on RNA and DNA oxidation in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A post-hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformin; RNA | 2022 |
Effect of acupuncture and metformin on insulin sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin resistance: a three-armed randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Male; M | 2022 |
Pharmacometabolomic profiles in type 2 diabetic subjects treated with liraglutide or glimepiride.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Meth | 2021 |
Pharmacometabolomic profiles in type 2 diabetic subjects treated with liraglutide or glimepiride.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Meth | 2021 |
Pharmacometabolomic profiles in type 2 diabetic subjects treated with liraglutide or glimepiride.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Meth | 2021 |
Pharmacometabolomic profiles in type 2 diabetic subjects treated with liraglutide or glimepiride.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Meth | 2021 |
A behavioral weight-loss intervention, but not metformin, decreases a marker of gut barrier permeability: results from the SPIRIT randomized trial.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Metformin; | 2022 |
Effect of Metformin on Testosterone Levels in Male Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With Insulin.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Male; Metformi | 2021 |
Metformin maintains intrahepatic triglyceride content through increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis.
Topics: Adult; Body Weight; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2022 |
Efficacy and safety of alogliptin versus acarbose in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients with high cardiovascular risk or coronary heart disease treated with aspirin and inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy or drug-naive: A multicentre, randomi
Topics: Acarbose; Adult; Aspirin; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Glycated | 2022 |
Effect of Subcutaneous Tirzepatide vs Placebo Added to Titrated Insulin Glargine on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The SURPASS-5 Randomized Clinical Trial.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Dru | 2022 |
One Bout of Resistance Training Does Not Enhance Metformin Actions in Prediabetic and Diabetic Individuals.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2022 |
Effectiveness and safety of teneligliptin added to patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by oral triple combination therapy: A multicentre, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Huma | 2022 |
Gestational weight gain in women with type 2 diabetes and perinatal outcomes: A secondary analysis of the metformin in women with type 2 diabetes in pregnancy (MiTy) trial.
Topics: Birth Weight; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Gestational | 2022 |
Benefits of metformin add-on insulin therapy (MAIT) for HbA1c and lipid profile in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: preliminary report from a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Child; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2022 |
Fixed-ratio combination of insulin glargine plus lixisenatide (iGlarLixi) improves ß-cell function in people with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Re | 2022 |
Quantitative trait loci, G×E and G×G for glycemic traits: response to metformin and placebo in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP).
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Insulin; Metformin; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotid | 2022 |
Enhancement of Impaired Olfactory Neural Activation and Cognitive Capacity by Liraglutide, but Not Dapagliflozin or Acarbose, in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A 16-Week Randomized Parallel Comparative Study.
Topics: Acarbose; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucosides; Gly | 2022 |
Enhancement of Impaired Olfactory Neural Activation and Cognitive Capacity by Liraglutide, but Not Dapagliflozin or Acarbose, in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A 16-Week Randomized Parallel Comparative Study.
Topics: Acarbose; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucosides; Gly | 2022 |
Enhancement of Impaired Olfactory Neural Activation and Cognitive Capacity by Liraglutide, but Not Dapagliflozin or Acarbose, in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A 16-Week Randomized Parallel Comparative Study.
Topics: Acarbose; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucosides; Gly | 2022 |
Enhancement of Impaired Olfactory Neural Activation and Cognitive Capacity by Liraglutide, but Not Dapagliflozin or Acarbose, in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A 16-Week Randomized Parallel Comparative Study.
Topics: Acarbose; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucosides; Gly | 2022 |
Enhancement of Impaired Olfactory Neural Activation and Cognitive Capacity by Liraglutide, but Not Dapagliflozin or Acarbose, in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A 16-Week Randomized Parallel Comparative Study.
Topics: Acarbose; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucosides; Gly | 2022 |
Enhancement of Impaired Olfactory Neural Activation and Cognitive Capacity by Liraglutide, but Not Dapagliflozin or Acarbose, in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A 16-Week Randomized Parallel Comparative Study.
Topics: Acarbose; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucosides; Gly | 2022 |
Enhancement of Impaired Olfactory Neural Activation and Cognitive Capacity by Liraglutide, but Not Dapagliflozin or Acarbose, in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A 16-Week Randomized Parallel Comparative Study.
Topics: Acarbose; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucosides; Gly | 2022 |
Enhancement of Impaired Olfactory Neural Activation and Cognitive Capacity by Liraglutide, but Not Dapagliflozin or Acarbose, in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A 16-Week Randomized Parallel Comparative Study.
Topics: Acarbose; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucosides; Gly | 2022 |
Enhancement of Impaired Olfactory Neural Activation and Cognitive Capacity by Liraglutide, but Not Dapagliflozin or Acarbose, in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A 16-Week Randomized Parallel Comparative Study.
Topics: Acarbose; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucosides; Gly | 2022 |
Enhancement of Impaired Olfactory Neural Activation and Cognitive Capacity by Liraglutide, but Not Dapagliflozin or Acarbose, in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A 16-Week Randomized Parallel Comparative Study.
Topics: Acarbose; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucosides; Gly | 2022 |
Enhancement of Impaired Olfactory Neural Activation and Cognitive Capacity by Liraglutide, but Not Dapagliflozin or Acarbose, in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A 16-Week Randomized Parallel Comparative Study.
Topics: Acarbose; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucosides; Gly | 2022 |
Enhancement of Impaired Olfactory Neural Activation and Cognitive Capacity by Liraglutide, but Not Dapagliflozin or Acarbose, in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A 16-Week Randomized Parallel Comparative Study.
Topics: Acarbose; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucosides; Gly | 2022 |
Enhancement of Impaired Olfactory Neural Activation and Cognitive Capacity by Liraglutide, but Not Dapagliflozin or Acarbose, in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A 16-Week Randomized Parallel Comparative Study.
Topics: Acarbose; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucosides; Gly | 2022 |
Enhancement of Impaired Olfactory Neural Activation and Cognitive Capacity by Liraglutide, but Not Dapagliflozin or Acarbose, in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A 16-Week Randomized Parallel Comparative Study.
Topics: Acarbose; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucosides; Gly | 2022 |
Enhancement of Impaired Olfactory Neural Activation and Cognitive Capacity by Liraglutide, but Not Dapagliflozin or Acarbose, in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A 16-Week Randomized Parallel Comparative Study.
Topics: Acarbose; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucosides; Gly | 2022 |
Enhancement of Impaired Olfactory Neural Activation and Cognitive Capacity by Liraglutide, but Not Dapagliflozin or Acarbose, in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A 16-Week Randomized Parallel Comparative Study.
Topics: Acarbose; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucosides; Gly | 2022 |
Comparison of Efficacy of Glimepiride, Alogliptin, and Alogliptin-Pioglitazone as the Initial Periods of Therapy in Patients with Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Open-Label, Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Study.
Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2022 |
Cost-Effectiveness of Once-Weekly Semaglutide 1 mg versus Canagliflozin 300 mg in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Canadian Setting.
Topics: Canada; Canagliflozin; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptides; Hum | 2022 |
Effect of metformin as an add-on therapy on neuregulin-4 levels and vascular-related complications in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Atherosclerosis; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carotid Int | 2022 |
Pregnancy Outcomes: Effects of Metformin (POEM) study: a protocol for a long-term, multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial in gestational diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Infant, Newbo | 2022 |
Metformin and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I and T trajectories in type 2 diabetes patients: a post-hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Prospective Studies; Trop | 2022 |
Efficacy and safety benefits of iGlarLixi versus insulin glargine 100 U/mL or lixisenatide in Asian Pacific people with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes on oral agents: The LixiLan-O-AP randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Glycated H | 2022 |
Efficacy and Safety of a Fixed Dose Combination of Remogliflozin Etabonate and Vildagliptin in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized, Active-Controlled, Double-Blind, Phase III Study.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glu | 2022 |
Effect of aerobic exercise as a treatment on type 2 diabetes mellitus with depression-like behavior zebrafish.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Metformin; Zebrafish | 2022 |
Antidiabetic Treatment in Patients at High Risk for a Subsequent Keratinocyte Carcinoma.
Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hy | 2022 |
Effect of once-weekly semaglutide versus thrice-daily insulin aspart, both as add-on to metformin and optimized insulin glargine treatment in participants with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 11): A randomized, open-label, multinational, phase 3b trial.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucagon-Li | 2022 |
Dorzagliatin add-on therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucokinas | 2022 |
A double-blind, Randomized controlled trial on glucose-lowering EFfects and safety of adding 0.25 or 0.5 mg lobeglitazone in type 2 diabetes patients with INadequate control on metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor therapy: REFIND study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases | 2022 |
Can metformin relieve tibiofemoral cartilage volume loss and knee symptoms in overweight knee osteoarthritis patients? Study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Cartilage; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Metformin; Multicenter Studies as | 2022 |
Effects of Long-term Metformin and Lifestyle Interventions on Cardiovascular Events in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Its Outcome Study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; Metformin; Myocardial Infarction | 2022 |
Effects of Long-term Metformin and Lifestyle Interventions on Cardiovascular Events in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Its Outcome Study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; Metformin; Myocardial Infarction | 2022 |
Effects of Long-term Metformin and Lifestyle Interventions on Cardiovascular Events in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Its Outcome Study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; Metformin; Myocardial Infarction | 2022 |
Effects of Long-term Metformin and Lifestyle Interventions on Cardiovascular Events in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Its Outcome Study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; Metformin; Myocardial Infarction | 2022 |
Efficacy and safety of a basal insulin + 2-3 oral antihyperglycaemic drugs regimen versus a twice-daily premixed insulin + metformin regimen after short-term intensive insulin therapy in individuals with type 2 diabetes: The multicentre, open-label, rando
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglyc | 2022 |
Once-Weekly Dulaglutide for the Treatment of Youths with Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Glucagon-Like Pept | 2022 |
Determinants of Small for Gestational Age in Women With Type 2 Diabetes in Pregnancy: Who Should Receive Metformin?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Hypertension; Hyp | 2022 |
Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Efpeglenatide Monotherapy Versus Placebo in Type 2 Diabetes: The AMPLITUDE-M Randomized Controlled Trial.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Com | 2022 |
Once-Weekly Exenatide in Youth With Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; | 2022 |
FGF21 contributes to metabolic improvements elicited by combination therapy with exenatide and pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Glipizide; Glycated | 2022 |
Metformin improves the weight reduction effect of mazindol in prediabetic obese Mexican subjects.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2022 |
Effect of metformin on arginine and dimethylarginines in patients with advanced type 2 diabetes: A post hoc analysis of a randomized trial.
Topics: Arginine; Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Nitric Oxide | 2022 |
Efficacy and safety of DBPR108 (prusogliptin) as an add-on to metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: A 24-week, multi-centre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, superiority, phase III clinical trial.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Butanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dipept | 2022 |
Comparative efficacy and safety of two insulin aspart formulations (Rapilin and NovoRapid) when combined with metformin, for patients with diabetes mellitus: a multicenter, randomized, open-label, controlled clinical trial.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hy | 2022 |
A multi-centered trial investigating gestational treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid compared to metformin to reduce effects of diabetes mellitus (GUARD): a randomized controlled trial protocol.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Glucose; Humans; Infant, Ne | 2022 |
A Randomized Study on the Effect of Metformin Combined with Intensive-Exercise Diet Therapy on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism and Islet Function in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma and Diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Hypog | 2022 |
Weight loss and β-cell responses following gastric banding or pharmacotherapy in adults with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastroplasty; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2022 |
Weight loss and β-cell responses following gastric banding or pharmacotherapy in adults with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastroplasty; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2022 |
Weight loss and β-cell responses following gastric banding or pharmacotherapy in adults with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastroplasty; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2022 |
Weight loss and β-cell responses following gastric banding or pharmacotherapy in adults with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastroplasty; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2022 |
A Randomized Controlled Trial of R-Form Verapamil Added to Ongoing Metformin Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated H | 2022 |
Cardiorenal Outcomes With Ertugliflozin by Baseline Metformin Use: Post Hoc Analyses of the VERTIS CV Trial.
Topics: Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; | 2022 |
Comparison of empagliflozin and vildagliptin for efficacy and safety in type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Pakistani population.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucosides; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hum | 2022 |
Weight Loss, Lifestyle Intervention, and Metformin Affect Longitudinal Relationship of Insulin Secretion and Sensitivity.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Secre | 2022 |
Effects of sitagliptin on intrahepatic lipid content in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glycated Hemoglobin; H | 2022 |
Metformin with Versus without Concomitant Probiotic Therapy in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Type 2 Diabetes or Prediabetes: A Comparative Analysis in Relation to Glycemic Control, Gastrointestinal Side Effects, and Treatment Compliance.
Topics: Bifidobacterium animalis; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therap | 2022 |
Glycemia Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes - Microvascular and Cardiovascular Outcomes.
Topics: Albuminuria; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Comparative Effectiveness Research; Diabetes Co | 2022 |
Glycemia Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes - Glycemic Outcomes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Comparative Effectiveness Research; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase I | 2022 |
Effect of a Personalized Diet to Reduce Postprandial Glycemic Response vs a Low-fat Diet on Weight Loss in Adults With Abnormal Glucose Metabolism and Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Female; Glucose; Glycated Hem | 2022 |
A 96-week, double-blind, randomized controlled trial comparing bexagliflozin to glimepiride as an adjunct to metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in adults.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin | 2023 |
Growth differentiation factor 15 is not associated with glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin: a post-hoc analysis of AIM study.
Topics: Acarbose; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Glycemic Control; Growth Di | 2022 |
Add-on imeglimin versus metformin dose escalation regarding glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor plus low-dose metformin: study protocol for a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, p
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl | 2022 |
Add-on imeglimin versus metformin dose escalation regarding glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor plus low-dose metformin: study protocol for a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, p
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl | 2022 |
Add-on imeglimin versus metformin dose escalation regarding glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor plus low-dose metformin: study protocol for a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, p
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl | 2022 |
Add-on imeglimin versus metformin dose escalation regarding glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor plus low-dose metformin: study protocol for a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, p
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl | 2022 |
Add-on imeglimin versus metformin dose escalation regarding glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor plus low-dose metformin: study protocol for a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, p
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl | 2022 |
Add-on imeglimin versus metformin dose escalation regarding glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor plus low-dose metformin: study protocol for a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, p
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl | 2022 |
Add-on imeglimin versus metformin dose escalation regarding glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor plus low-dose metformin: study protocol for a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, p
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl | 2022 |
Add-on imeglimin versus metformin dose escalation regarding glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor plus low-dose metformin: study protocol for a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, p
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl | 2022 |
Add-on imeglimin versus metformin dose escalation regarding glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor plus low-dose metformin: study protocol for a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, p
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl | 2022 |
A randomized controlled trial of a shared decision making intervention for diabetes prevention for women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus: The Gestational diabetes Risk Attenuation for New Diabetes (GRAND study).
Topics: Decision Making, Shared; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Metformin | 2023 |
A randomized controlled trial of a shared decision making intervention for diabetes prevention for women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus: The Gestational diabetes Risk Attenuation for New Diabetes (GRAND study).
Topics: Decision Making, Shared; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Metformin | 2023 |
A randomized controlled trial of a shared decision making intervention for diabetes prevention for women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus: The Gestational diabetes Risk Attenuation for New Diabetes (GRAND study).
Topics: Decision Making, Shared; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Metformin | 2023 |
A randomized controlled trial of a shared decision making intervention for diabetes prevention for women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus: The Gestational diabetes Risk Attenuation for New Diabetes (GRAND study).
Topics: Decision Making, Shared; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Metformin | 2023 |
A randomized controlled trial of a shared decision making intervention for diabetes prevention for women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus: The Gestational diabetes Risk Attenuation for New Diabetes (GRAND study).
Topics: Decision Making, Shared; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Metformin | 2023 |
A randomized controlled trial of a shared decision making intervention for diabetes prevention for women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus: The Gestational diabetes Risk Attenuation for New Diabetes (GRAND study).
Topics: Decision Making, Shared; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Metformin | 2023 |
A randomized controlled trial of a shared decision making intervention for diabetes prevention for women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus: The Gestational diabetes Risk Attenuation for New Diabetes (GRAND study).
Topics: Decision Making, Shared; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Metformin | 2023 |
A randomized controlled trial of a shared decision making intervention for diabetes prevention for women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus: The Gestational diabetes Risk Attenuation for New Diabetes (GRAND study).
Topics: Decision Making, Shared; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Metformin | 2023 |
A randomized controlled trial of a shared decision making intervention for diabetes prevention for women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus: The Gestational diabetes Risk Attenuation for New Diabetes (GRAND study).
Topics: Decision Making, Shared; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Metformin | 2023 |
Effect of polyethylene Glycol Loxenatide (long-acting GLP-1RA) on lipid, glucose levels and weight in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with obesity.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Lipids; Male; Metformin; Obesity; Polyethy | 2022 |
Effect of polyethylene Glycol Loxenatide (long-acting GLP-1RA) on lipid, glucose levels and weight in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with obesity.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Lipids; Male; Metformin; Obesity; Polyethy | 2022 |
Effect of polyethylene Glycol Loxenatide (long-acting GLP-1RA) on lipid, glucose levels and weight in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with obesity.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Lipids; Male; Metformin; Obesity; Polyethy | 2022 |
Effect of polyethylene Glycol Loxenatide (long-acting GLP-1RA) on lipid, glucose levels and weight in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with obesity.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Lipids; Male; Metformin; Obesity; Polyethy | 2022 |
Effect of polyethylene Glycol Loxenatide (long-acting GLP-1RA) on lipid, glucose levels and weight in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with obesity.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Lipids; Male; Metformin; Obesity; Polyethy | 2022 |
Effect of polyethylene Glycol Loxenatide (long-acting GLP-1RA) on lipid, glucose levels and weight in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with obesity.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Lipids; Male; Metformin; Obesity; Polyethy | 2022 |
Effect of polyethylene Glycol Loxenatide (long-acting GLP-1RA) on lipid, glucose levels and weight in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with obesity.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Lipids; Male; Metformin; Obesity; Polyethy | 2022 |
Effect of polyethylene Glycol Loxenatide (long-acting GLP-1RA) on lipid, glucose levels and weight in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with obesity.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Lipids; Male; Metformin; Obesity; Polyethy | 2022 |
Effect of polyethylene Glycol Loxenatide (long-acting GLP-1RA) on lipid, glucose levels and weight in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with obesity.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Lipids; Male; Metformin; Obesity; Polyethy | 2022 |
Effects of Food and Multiple-dose Administration on the Pharmacokinetic Properties of HR20033, a Sustained-release Formulation of Henagliflozin and Metformin for the Treatment of Diabetes, in Healthy Chinese Volunteers.
Topics: Area Under Curve; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; East Asian People; Healthy | 2023 |
Effects of Food and Multiple-dose Administration on the Pharmacokinetic Properties of HR20033, a Sustained-release Formulation of Henagliflozin and Metformin for the Treatment of Diabetes, in Healthy Chinese Volunteers.
Topics: Area Under Curve; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; East Asian People; Healthy | 2023 |
Effects of Food and Multiple-dose Administration on the Pharmacokinetic Properties of HR20033, a Sustained-release Formulation of Henagliflozin and Metformin for the Treatment of Diabetes, in Healthy Chinese Volunteers.
Topics: Area Under Curve; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; East Asian People; Healthy | 2023 |
Effects of Food and Multiple-dose Administration on the Pharmacokinetic Properties of HR20033, a Sustained-release Formulation of Henagliflozin and Metformin for the Treatment of Diabetes, in Healthy Chinese Volunteers.
Topics: Area Under Curve; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; East Asian People; Healthy | 2023 |
Effects of Food and Multiple-dose Administration on the Pharmacokinetic Properties of HR20033, a Sustained-release Formulation of Henagliflozin and Metformin for the Treatment of Diabetes, in Healthy Chinese Volunteers.
Topics: Area Under Curve; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; East Asian People; Healthy | 2023 |
Effects of Food and Multiple-dose Administration on the Pharmacokinetic Properties of HR20033, a Sustained-release Formulation of Henagliflozin and Metformin for the Treatment of Diabetes, in Healthy Chinese Volunteers.
Topics: Area Under Curve; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; East Asian People; Healthy | 2023 |
Effects of Food and Multiple-dose Administration on the Pharmacokinetic Properties of HR20033, a Sustained-release Formulation of Henagliflozin and Metformin for the Treatment of Diabetes, in Healthy Chinese Volunteers.
Topics: Area Under Curve; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; East Asian People; Healthy | 2023 |
Effects of Food and Multiple-dose Administration on the Pharmacokinetic Properties of HR20033, a Sustained-release Formulation of Henagliflozin and Metformin for the Treatment of Diabetes, in Healthy Chinese Volunteers.
Topics: Area Under Curve; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; East Asian People; Healthy | 2023 |
Effects of Food and Multiple-dose Administration on the Pharmacokinetic Properties of HR20033, a Sustained-release Formulation of Henagliflozin and Metformin for the Treatment of Diabetes, in Healthy Chinese Volunteers.
Topics: Area Under Curve; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; East Asian People; Healthy | 2023 |
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between DWP16001, an sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor and metformin in healthy subjects.
Topics: Area Under Curve; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Healthy Volunteers; Humans | 2023 |
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between DWP16001, an sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor and metformin in healthy subjects.
Topics: Area Under Curve; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Healthy Volunteers; Humans | 2023 |
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between DWP16001, an sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor and metformin in healthy subjects.
Topics: Area Under Curve; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Healthy Volunteers; Humans | 2023 |
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between DWP16001, an sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor and metformin in healthy subjects.
Topics: Area Under Curve; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Healthy Volunteers; Humans | 2023 |
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between DWP16001, an sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor and metformin in healthy subjects.
Topics: Area Under Curve; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Healthy Volunteers; Humans | 2023 |
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between DWP16001, an sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor and metformin in healthy subjects.
Topics: Area Under Curve; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Healthy Volunteers; Humans | 2023 |
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between DWP16001, an sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor and metformin in healthy subjects.
Topics: Area Under Curve; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Healthy Volunteers; Humans | 2023 |
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between DWP16001, an sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor and metformin in healthy subjects.
Topics: Area Under Curve; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Healthy Volunteers; Humans | 2023 |
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between DWP16001, an sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor and metformin in healthy subjects.
Topics: Area Under Curve; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Healthy Volunteers; Humans | 2023 |
Efficacy and safety of janagliflozin as add-on therapy to metformin in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone: A multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therap | 2023 |
Efficacy and safety of janagliflozin as add-on therapy to metformin in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone: A multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therap | 2023 |
Efficacy and safety of janagliflozin as add-on therapy to metformin in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone: A multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therap | 2023 |
Efficacy and safety of janagliflozin as add-on therapy to metformin in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone: A multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therap | 2023 |
Efficacy and safety of janagliflozin as add-on therapy to metformin in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone: A multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therap | 2023 |
Efficacy and safety of janagliflozin as add-on therapy to metformin in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone: A multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therap | 2023 |
Efficacy and safety of janagliflozin as add-on therapy to metformin in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone: A multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therap | 2023 |
Efficacy and safety of janagliflozin as add-on therapy to metformin in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone: A multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therap | 2023 |
Efficacy and safety of janagliflozin as add-on therapy to metformin in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone: A multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therap | 2023 |
Significance of Orlistat in management of dyslipidemia, systolic blood pressure and body mass index.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dysl | 2022 |
Significance of Orlistat in management of dyslipidemia, systolic blood pressure and body mass index.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dysl | 2022 |
Significance of Orlistat in management of dyslipidemia, systolic blood pressure and body mass index.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dysl | 2022 |
Significance of Orlistat in management of dyslipidemia, systolic blood pressure and body mass index.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dysl | 2022 |
Study protocol: Behavioral economics and self-determination theory to change diabetes risk (BEST Change).
Topics: Adult; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Economics, Behavioral; Humans; Metformin; Motivation; | 2023 |
Study protocol: Behavioral economics and self-determination theory to change diabetes risk (BEST Change).
Topics: Adult; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Economics, Behavioral; Humans; Metformin; Motivation; | 2023 |
Study protocol: Behavioral economics and self-determination theory to change diabetes risk (BEST Change).
Topics: Adult; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Economics, Behavioral; Humans; Metformin; Motivation; | 2023 |
Study protocol: Behavioral economics and self-determination theory to change diabetes risk (BEST Change).
Topics: Adult; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Economics, Behavioral; Humans; Metformin; Motivation; | 2023 |
Gut microbiota is correlated with gastrointestinal adverse events of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glucagon | 2022 |
Gut microbiota is correlated with gastrointestinal adverse events of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glucagon | 2022 |
Gut microbiota is correlated with gastrointestinal adverse events of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glucagon | 2022 |
Gut microbiota is correlated with gastrointestinal adverse events of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glucagon | 2022 |
Patient preference for second- and third-line therapies in type 2 diabetes: a prespecified secondary endpoint of the TriMaster study.
Topics: Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated H | 2023 |
Patient preference for second- and third-line therapies in type 2 diabetes: a prespecified secondary endpoint of the TriMaster study.
Topics: Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated H | 2023 |
Patient preference for second- and third-line therapies in type 2 diabetes: a prespecified secondary endpoint of the TriMaster study.
Topics: Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated H | 2023 |
Patient preference for second- and third-line therapies in type 2 diabetes: a prespecified secondary endpoint of the TriMaster study.
Topics: Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated H | 2023 |
Safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics following once-daily doses of BI 187004, an inhibitor of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1, over 28 days in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and overweight or obesity.
Topics: 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1; Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans | 2023 |
Safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics following once-daily doses of BI 187004, an inhibitor of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1, over 28 days in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and overweight or obesity.
Topics: 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1; Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans | 2023 |
Safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics following once-daily doses of BI 187004, an inhibitor of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1, over 28 days in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and overweight or obesity.
Topics: 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1; Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans | 2023 |
Safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics following once-daily doses of BI 187004, an inhibitor of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1, over 28 days in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and overweight or obesity.
Topics: 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1; Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans | 2023 |
Circulating selenoprotein P levels predict glucose-lowering and insulinotropic effects of metformin, but not alogliptin: A post-hoc analysis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2023 |
Circulating selenoprotein P levels predict glucose-lowering and insulinotropic effects of metformin, but not alogliptin: A post-hoc analysis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2023 |
Circulating selenoprotein P levels predict glucose-lowering and insulinotropic effects of metformin, but not alogliptin: A post-hoc analysis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2023 |
Circulating selenoprotein P levels predict glucose-lowering and insulinotropic effects of metformin, but not alogliptin: A post-hoc analysis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2023 |
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction of DWP16001, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, with gemigliptin and metformin in healthy adults.
Topics: Adult; Area Under Curve; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Glucose; | 2023 |
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction of DWP16001, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, with gemigliptin and metformin in healthy adults.
Topics: Adult; Area Under Curve; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Glucose; | 2023 |
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction of DWP16001, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, with gemigliptin and metformin in healthy adults.
Topics: Adult; Area Under Curve; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Glucose; | 2023 |
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction of DWP16001, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, with gemigliptin and metformin in healthy adults.
Topics: Adult; Area Under Curve; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Glucose; | 2023 |
A phase 2a, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-arm, parallel-group study to assess the efficacy, safety, tolerability and pharmacodynamics of PF-06835919 in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Metformin; Non-a | 2023 |
A phase 2a, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-arm, parallel-group study to assess the efficacy, safety, tolerability and pharmacodynamics of PF-06835919 in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Metformin; Non-a | 2023 |
A phase 2a, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-arm, parallel-group study to assess the efficacy, safety, tolerability and pharmacodynamics of PF-06835919 in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Metformin; Non-a | 2023 |
A phase 2a, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-arm, parallel-group study to assess the efficacy, safety, tolerability and pharmacodynamics of PF-06835919 in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Metformin; Non-a | 2023 |
An Examination of Whether Diabetes Control and Treatments Are Associated With Change in Frailty Index Across 8 Years: An Ancillary Exploratory Study From the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) Trial.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Frailty; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Metformin; | 2023 |
Anagliptin twice-daily regimen improves glycaemic variability in subjects with type 2 diabetes: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inh | 2023 |
A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled add-on trial to assess the efficacy, safety, and anti-atherogenic effect of spirulina platensis in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metfo | 2023 |
Effects of Initial Combinations of Gemigliptin Plus Metformin Compared with Glimepiride Plus Metformin on Gut Microbiota and Glucose Regulation in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: The INTESTINE Study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gl | 2023 |
Pharmacokinetic and Bioequivalence Studies of 2 Metformin Glibenclamide Tablets in Healthy Chinese Subjects Under Fasting and Fed Conditions.
Topics: Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; East Asian People; Fasting; Glyburide; Humans; Metfor | 2023 |
MetfOrmin BenefIts Lower Extremities with Intermittent Claudication (MOBILE IC): randomized clinical trial protocol.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Intermittent Claudication; Lower Extremity; Metformin; Peripheral | 2023 |
Adjunctive Probio-X Treatment Enhances the Therapeutic Effect of a Conventional Drug in Managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Promoting Short-Chain Fatty Acid-Producing Bacteria and Bile Acid Pathways.
Topics: Bacteria; Bile Acids and Salts; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Humans; Metformin | 2023 |
Ertugliflozin Delays Insulin Initiation and Reduces Insulin Dose Requirements in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Analyses From VERTIS CV.
Topics: Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Hyp | 2023 |
Fecal microbiota transplantation reverses insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes: A randomized, controlled, prospective study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Feces; Humans; Insulin R | 2022 |
Outcomes in children of women with type 2 diabetes exposed to metformin versus placebo during pregnancy (MiTy Kids): a 24-month follow-up of the MiTy randomised controlled trial.
Topics: Canada; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; In | 2023 |
Efficacy and Safety of Enavogliflozin versus Dapagliflozin as Add-on to Metformin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A 24-Week, Double-Blind, Randomized Trial.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformi | 2023 |
Short-term effect of polyethylene glycol loxenatide on weight loss in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes: An open-label, parallel-arm, randomized, metformin-controlled trial.
Topics: Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Obesity; Overweight; | 2023 |
Circulating follistatin concentrations in adolescent PCOS: Divergent effects of randomized treatments.
Topics: Adolescent; Cyproterone Acetate; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follistatin; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2023 |
Association of metformin, aspirin, and cancer incidence with mortality risk in adults with diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Aspirin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Incidence; Metformin; Neoplasms | 2023 |
Adherence to antidiabetic drug therapy and reduction of fatal events in elderly frail patients.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Frail Elderly; Humans; Hyp | 2023 |
Efficacy and safety of enavogliflozin versus dapagliflozin added to metformin plus gemigliptin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes: A double-blind, randomized, comparator-active study: ENHANCE-D study.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, C | 2023 |
Vascular and metabolic effects of ipragliflozin versus sitagliptin (IVS) in type 2 diabetes treated with sulphonylurea and metformin: IVS study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV In | 2023 |
Cardiovascular Safety in Type 2 Diabetes With Sulfonylureas as Second-line Drugs: A Nationwide Population-Based Comparative Safety Study.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2023 |
Comparison of the effects of gemigliptin versus glimepiride on cardiac function in patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled with metformin: The gemi-heart study.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Echocardiography; Female; Heart; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; | 2023 |
Combination therapy with saxagliptin and vitamin D for the preservation of β-cell function in adult-onset type 1 diabetes: a multi-center, randomized, controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, | 2023 |
Effectiveness and safety of Daixie Decoction granules combined with metformin for the treatment of T2DM patients with obesity: study protocol for a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicentre clinical trial.
Topics: Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Metformin; Multicenter Studies | 2023 |
[Effect of Liraglutide on platelet distribution width and carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetic mellitus patients with obesity].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Liraglutid | 2023 |
A nurse-led intervention in patients with newly diagnosed cancer and Type 2 diabetes: A pilot randomized controlled trial feasibility study.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Feasibility Studies; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Metformin; Neopl | 2023 |
Comparative Effects of Glucose-Lowering Medications on Kidney Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes: The GRADE Randomized Clinical Trial.
Topics: Adult; Albuminuria; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Female; Glomerular Filtration Ra | 2023 |
Fixed-Dose Combination of Dapagliflozin + Sitagliptin + Metformin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Poorly Controlled with Metformin: Phase 3, Randomized Comparison with Dual Combinations.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gly | 2023 |
Metformin and Bee Venom: a Comparative Detection of Histological Alteration of the Pancreas and Systemic Inflammatory Markers in Diabetic Mice.
Topics: Alloxan; Animals; Bee Venoms; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2022 |
Effect and Safety of Pioglitazone-Metformin Tablets in the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Shaanxi Province: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Double-Simulated Multicenter Study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Pioglitazone; Table | 2023 |
Efficacy and safety of luseogliflozin in Caucasian patients with type 2 diabetes: results from a phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Met | 2023 |
Use of comprehensive recruitment strategies in the glycemia reduction approaches in diabetes: A comparative effectiveness study (GRADE) multi-center clinical trial.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Metformin; Middle Aged; Patient Selection | 2023 |
Insulin analogs as an add-on to metformin after failure to oral treatment in type 2 diabetic patients increase diastole duration. The INSUlin Regimens and VASCular Functions (INSUVASC) study.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diastole; Female; Humans; Insulin; Insulin, Regular, Human; Male; | 2023 |
Efficacy of Gemigliptin Add-on to Dapagliflozin and Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study (SOLUTION).
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformi | 2023 |
Bexagliflozin as an adjunct to metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in adults: A 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gly | 2023 |
Safety and effectiveness of metformin plus lifestyle intervention compared with lifestyle intervention alone in preventing progression to diabetes in a Chinese population with impaired glucose regulation: a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled t
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; East Asian People; Female; Glucose; Glucose Into | 2023 |
Pharmacokinetic Variables of Dapagliflozin/Metformin Extended-release Fixed-dose Combination in Healthy Chinese Volunteers and Regional Comparison.
Topics: Adult; Area Under Curve; Cross-Over Studies; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2023 |
Metformin for the prevention of diabetes among people with HIV and either impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance (prediabetes) in Tanzania: a Phase II randomised placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Fasting; | 2023 |
The effects of early short-term insulin treatment vs. glimepiride on beta cell function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes with HbA1c above 9.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hy | 2023 |
Pharmacokinetic Comparison Between a Fixed-Dose Combination of Empagliflozin L-Proline/Metformin and Empagliflozin/Metformin in Healthy Korean Subjects.
Topics: Area Under Curve; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Healthy Voluntee | 2023 |
Determinants of sustained stabilization of beta-cell function following short-term insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; I | 2023 |
Diabetes remission and relapse following an intensive metabolic intervention combining insulin glargine/lixisenatide, metformin and lifestyle approaches: Results of a randomised controlled trial.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin | 2023 |
Adding empagliflozin to sitagliptin plus metformin vs. adding sitagliptin to empagliflozin plus metformin as triple therapy in Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes: a 12-week open trial.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Egypt; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Metformin | 2023 |
Design and rationale of the myocardial infarction and new treatment with metformin study (MIMET) - Study protocol for a registry-based randomised clinical trial.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Multicenter Studies as T | 2023 |
A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, phase 3 trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cetagliptin added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes with metformin monotherapy.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2023 |
Efficacy and Safety of Evogliptin Add-on Therapy to Dapagliflozin/Metformin Combinations in Patients with Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A 24-Week Multicenter Randomized Placebo-Controlled Parallel-Design Phase-3 Trial with a 28-Week Extensio
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucose; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2023 |
Clinical Trial: Probiotics in Metformin Intolerant Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (ProGasMet).
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diarrhea; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Metformin; Polyest | 2023 |
Remission effect of Canagliflozin in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: a protocol for a multicenter, parallel-group, randomized, controlled, open-label trial.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2023 |
Repurposing Metformin for periodontal disease management as a form of oral-systemic preventive medicine.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Management; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2023 |
Predictors of ≥15% Weight Reduction and Associated Changes in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors With Tirzepatide in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes in SURPASS 1-4.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cardiometabolic Risk Factors; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2023 |
Coronary Artery Calcium and Cognitive Decline in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Adult; Calcinosis; Calcium; Calcium, Dietary; Cognitive Dysfunction; Coronary Artery Disease; Corona | 2023 |
Impact of Treviamet® & Treviamet XR® on quality of life besides glycemic control in type 2 DM patients.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Glycemic C | 2023 |
Metformin in the prevention of type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes in postnatal women (OMAhA): a UK multicentre randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind feasibility trial with nested qualitative study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Double-Blind Method; Feasibility Studies; Female; | 2023 |
Treatment intensification strategies after initial metformin therapy in adult patients with type-2 diabetes: results of the DPV and DIVE registries.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Germany; G | 2020 |
Effectiveness of Shared Decision-making for Diabetes Prevention: 12-Month Results from the Prediabetes Informed Decision and Education (PRIDE) Trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Decision Making, Shared; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2019 |
Efficacy and safety of gemigliptin as add-on therapy to insulin, with or without metformin, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (ZEUS II study).
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; D | 2020 |
Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Linagliptin in a Japanese Population with Type 2 Diabetes Aged ≥ 60 Years Treated with Basal Insulin: A Randomised Trial.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Glycated H | 2019 |
Effects of acarbose and metformin on the inflammatory state in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients: a one-year randomized clinical study.
Topics: Acarbose; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans | 2019 |
Comparison of the effects of gemigliptin and dapagliflozin on glycaemic variability in type 2 diabetes: A randomized, open-label, active-controlled, 12-week study (STABLE II study).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2020 |
Efficacy of metformin in preventing progression to diabetes in a Chinese population with impaired glucose regulation: Protocol for a multicentre, open-label, randomized controlled clinical study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Male | 2020 |
Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Oral Semaglutide Versus Placebo Added to Insulin With or Without Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The PIONEER 8 Trial.
Topics: Adult; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Femal | 2019 |
Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide 1.0mg vs once-daily liraglutide 1.2mg as add-on to 1-3 oral antidiabetic drugs in subjects with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 10).
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fem | 2020 |
Resistance Training Modulates the Humoral Inflammatory (but Not the DNA Methylation) Profile of Diabetic Older Adults Using Metformin.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA Methylation; Female; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2019 |
Randomized controlled trial comparing hydroxychloroquine with pioglitazone as third-line agents in type 2 diabetic patients failing metformin plus a sulfonylurea: A pilot study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antimalarials; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated H | 2020 |
Antidiabetic Effect of Fenugreek Seed Powder Solution (
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Hypoglycemic | 2019 |
Hypoglycaemia leads to a delayed increase in platelet and coagulation activation markers in people with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin only: Results from a stepwise hypoglycaemic clamp study.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Blood Coagulation; Blood Coagulation Tests; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gl | 2020 |
Interaction Between Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Strategies and Genetic Determinants of Coronary Artery Disease on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors.
Topics: Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Exerci | 2020 |
The Effect of Acarbose on Glycemic Variability in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using Premixed Insulin Compared to Metformin (AIM): An Open-Label Randomized Trial.
Topics: Acarbose; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycate | 2020 |
Effects of anagliptin on plasma glucagon levels and gastric emptying in patients with type 2 diabetes: An exploratory randomized controlled trial versus metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gastric Emptying; Glucagon; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2019 |
Effect of clomiphene citrate treatment on the Sertoli cells of dysmetabolic obese men with low testosterone levels.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Mullerian Hormone; Clomiphene; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dihydrotes | 2020 |
Effect of dapagliflozin on obstructive sleep apnea in patients with type 2 diabetes: a preliminary study.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2019 |
Effects of Metformin on Left Ventricular Size and Function in Hypertensive Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Results of a Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter, Phase IV Trial.
Topics: Aged; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Heart Ventricles; Humans | 2020 |
Pharmacodynamics of Metformin in Pregnant Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Nonpregnant Women With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Healthy | 2020 |
Persistent whole day meal effects of three dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on glycaemia and hormonal responses in metformin-treated type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors | 2020 |
The renal hemodynamic effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin are caused by post-glomerular vasodilatation rather than pre-glomerular vasoconstriction in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes in the randomized, double-blind RED trial.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Double-Blind Method; | 2020 |
Effect of medication adherence on clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes: analysis of the SIMPLE study.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glycated Hemoglobin | 2019 |
Combination of empagliflozin and linagliptin improves blood pressure and vascular function in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Arterial Pressure; Benzhydryl Compounds; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2020 |
Evaluation of the Short-Term Cost-Effectiveness of IDegLira Versus Basal Insulin and Basal-Bolus Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Based on Attainment of Clinically Relevant Treatment Targets.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Glycated | 2020 |
[Metformin treatment of antipsychotic-induced dyslipidemia: analysis of two randomized, placebo-controlled trials].
Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Dyslipidemias; | 2019 |
The combination of linagliptin, metformin and lifestyle modification to prevent type 2 diabetes (PRELLIM). A randomized clinical trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Metho | 2020 |
Infertility, Gravidity, and Risk Of Diabetes among High-Risk Women in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gravidity; Humans; Incidence; Infertility, Female; L | 2020 |
Liraglutide improves memory in obese patients with prediabetes or early type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; Liraglutide; Longitudina | 2020 |
Liraglutide as add-on to sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes: LIRA-ADD2SGLT2i, a 26-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2020 |
Short-Term Effect of Hypergastrinemia Following Esomeprazole Treatment On Well-Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Study.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Esomep | 2020 |
Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin plus saxagliptin versus insulin glargine over 52 weeks as add-on to metformin with or without sulphonylurea in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, parallel-design, open-label, Phase 3 trial.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipe | 2020 |
Exercise improves metformin 72-h glucose control by reducing the frequency of hyperglycemic peaks.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2020 |
Impact of baseline characteristics on glycemic effects of add-on saxagliptin or acarbose to metformin therapy: Subgroup analysis of the SMART study in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Adamantane; Aged; Blood Glucose; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Drug Therap | 2020 |
Abrogation of postprandial triglyceridemia with dual PPAR α/γ agonist in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2020 |
Efficacy and safety of dual add-on therapy with dapagliflozin plus saxagliptin versus glimepiride in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes on a stable dose of metformin: Results from a 52-week, randomized, active-controlled trial.
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Double | 2020 |
Efficacy of the treatment with dapagliflozin and metformin compared to metformin monotherapy for weight loss in patients with class III obesity: a randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Clinical Trials, Phase IV as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Res | 2020 |
Beta cell function and insulin sensitivity in obese youth with maturity onset diabetes of youth mutations vs type 2 diabetes in TODAY: Longitudinal observations and glycemic failure.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; | 2020 |
Diet-induced weight loss alters hepatic glucocorticoid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Paleolithic; Diet, Reducing; Exercise; Exercise Therap | 2020 |
Dapagliflozin plus saxagliptin add-on to metformin reduces liver fat and adipose tissue volume in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Adipose Tissue; Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Drug Therap | 2020 |
Efficacy and safety of once-monthly efpeglenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes: Results of a phase 2 placebo-controlled, 16-week randomized dose-finding study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucagon-Like Peptides; G | 2020 |
Efficacy and Safety of Basal Insulin-Based Treatment Versus Twice-Daily Premixed Insulin After Short-Term Intensive Insulin Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in China: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (BEYOND V).
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; | 2020 |
Efficacy and safety of generic exenatide injection in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: a multicenter, randomized, controlled, non-inferiority trial.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drugs, Generic; E | 2020 |
Early prevention of diabetes microvascular complications in people with hyperglycaemia in Europe. ePREDICE randomized trial. Study protocol, recruitment and selected baseline data.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Diabetic Neuropathi | 2020 |
Efficacy and safety of metformin and sitagliptin-based dual and triple therapy in elderly Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: Subgroup analysis of STRATEGY study.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follo | 2020 |
Comparison of tofogliflozin versus glimepiride as the third oral agent added to metformin plus a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, 24-week, open-label, controlled trial (STOP-OB).
Topics: Administration, Oral; Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhib | 2020 |
Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists, Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors, and Their Combination on Endothelial Glycocalyx, Arterial Function, and Myocardial Work Index in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus After 12-Month Treatme
Topics: Adult; Aged; Arterial Pressure; Arteries; Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Ther | 2020 |
Triple fixed-dose combination empagliflozin, linagliptin, and metformin for patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Cross-Over Studies; Delayed-Action Prepar | 2020 |
Effect of short-term prednisone on beta-cell function in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy subjects.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; In | 2020 |
The effect of luseogliflozin on bone microarchitecture in older patients with type 2 diabetes: study protocol for a randomized controlled pilot trial using second-generation, high-resolution, peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT).
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bone Density; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Fractur | 2020 |
Remission of Type 2 Diabetes Following a Short-term Intervention With Insulin Glargine, Metformin, and Dapagliflozin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug | 2020 |
Efficacy and safety of lobeglitazone versus sitagliptin as an add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes with two or more components of metabolic syndrome over 24 weeks.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated H | 2020 |
Effectiveness and acceptability of metformin in preventing the onset of type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes in postnatal women: a protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind feasibility trial—Optimising health outcomes with Metformi
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Feasibility Studies; Female; Humans; London; Metfo | 2020 |
Biphasic human insulin 30 thrice daily, is it reasonable?
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biphasic Insulins; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Fe | 2020 |
Effect of Metformin vs. Placebo in Combination with Insulin Analogues on Bone Markers P1NP and CTX in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Biomarkers; Bone Remodeling; C-Reactive Protein; Collagen Type I; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycate | 2020 |
Linagliptin, when compared to placebo, improves CD34+ve endothelial progenitor cells in type 2 diabetes subjects with chronic kidney disease taking metformin and/or insulin: a randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antigens, CD34; Biomarkers; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephro | 2020 |
Circulating adhesion molecules and associations with HbA1c, hypertension, nephropathy, and retinopathy in the Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescent and Youth study.
Topics: Adolescent; Age of Onset; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Child; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellit | 2020 |
Mexican population sub-analysis of the lixilan clinical program with the fixed ratio combination of insulin glargine and lixisenatide (iGlarLixi).
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Ethnicity; Female; Glycated Hemog | 2020 |
Design of a cluster-randomized trial of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of metformin on prevention of type 2 diabetes among prediabetic Mexican adults (the PRuDENTE initiative of Mexico City).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Mexico; Middle Age | 2020 |
Efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine as add-on therapy in uncontrolled type 2 diabetes patients who were using two oral antidiabetic drugs.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antimalarials; Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2021 |
Metformin use in prediabetes: is earlier intervention better?
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female; Humans; Insulin; I | 2020 |
Effects of ipragliflozin versus metformin in combination with sitagliptin on bone and muscle in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Subanalysis of a prospective, randomized, controlled study (PRIME-V study).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Bone and Bones; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2021 |
Targeting the Intestinal Microbiota to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes and Enhance the Effect of Metformin on Glycaemia: A Randomised Controlled Pilot Study.
Topics: Aged; Bacteroidetes; Blood Glucose; Butyrates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Fem | 2020 |
Consumption of Beverages Containing Low-Calorie Sweeteners, Diet, and Cardiometabolic Health in Youth With Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Beverages; Body Mass Index; Cardiometabolic Risk Factors; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2020 |
Plasma levels of DPP4 activity and sDPP4 are dissociated from inflammation in mice and humans.
Topics: Aged; Animals; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Atherogenic; Di | 2020 |
Prediction of carotid intima-media thickness and its relation to cardiovascular events in persons with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2020 |
Efficacy and safety of polyethylene glycol loxenatide as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: A multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3b trial.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Huma | 2020 |
The effect of Sancai powder on glycemic variability of type 2 diabetes in the elderly: A randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therap | 2020 |
Plasma gonadotropin levels in metformin-treated men with prediabetes: a non-randomized, uncontrolled pilot study.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gonadotropins; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Hypogon | 2021 |
Efficacy and Safety Over 2 Years of Exenatide Plus Dapagliflozin in the DURATION-8 Study: A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Phase 3, Randomized Controlled Trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blin | 2020 |
Psychological distress among health care professionals of the three COVID-19 most affected Regions in Cameroon: Prevalence and associated factors.
Topics: 3' Untranslated Regions; 5'-Nucleotidase; A549 Cells; Accidental Falls; Acetylcholinesterase; Acryli | 2021 |
Randomised cross-over trial of vildagliptin and pioglitazone as add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: predicting Which One is Right Here (WORTH) study protocol.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glyca | 2020 |
Early combination therapy delayed treatment escalation in newly diagnosed young-onset type 2 diabetes: A subanalysis of the VERIFY study.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2021 |
Effects of DPP-4 Inhibitor Linagliptin Versus Sulfonylurea Glimepiride as Add-on to Metformin on Renal Physiology in Overweight Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (RENALIS): A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Chemokine CXCL12; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidyl-Peptida | 2020 |
Gender-differential effects on blood glucose levels between acarbose and metformin in Chinese patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a sub-analysis of the MARCH trial.
Topics: Acarbose; Adult; Blood Glucose; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; | 2021 |
Resistance Exercise Versus Aerobic Exercise Combined with Metformin Therapy in the Treatment of type 2 Diabetes: A 12-Week Comparative Clinical Study.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Exercise Thera | 2021 |
Once-Weekly Insulin for Type 2 Diabetes without Previous Insulin Treatment.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; D | 2020 |
Metformin may adversely affect orthostatic blood pressure recovery in patients with type 2 diabetes: substudy from the placebo-controlled Copenhagen Insulin and Metformin Therapy (CIMT) trial.
Topics: Aged; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Neuropa | 2020 |
Withdrawal of medications leads to worsening of OGTT parameters in youth with impaired glucose tolerance or recently-diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glu | 2020 |
Comparative clinical study evaluating the effect of adding Vildagliptin versus Glimepiride to ongoing Metformin therapy on diabetic patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease.
Topics: Adiponectin; Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2020 |
Long-term metformin adherence in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ethnicity; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Metformin | 2020 |
Liraglutide or insulin glargine treatments improves hepatic fat in obese patients with type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in twenty-six weeks: A randomized placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fema | 2020 |
Rationale and design of a randomised controlled trial testing the effect of personalised diet in individuals with pre-diabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin.
Topics: Adult; Australia; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Gly | 2020 |
Effect of Dapagliflozin in DAPA-HF According to Background Glucose-Lowering Therapy.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Ther | 2020 |
Empagliflozin treatment effects across categories of baseline HbA1c, body weight and blood pressure as an add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2021 |
Empagliflozin treatment effects across categories of baseline HbA1c, body weight and blood pressure as an add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2021 |
Empagliflozin treatment effects across categories of baseline HbA1c, body weight and blood pressure as an add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2021 |
Empagliflozin treatment effects across categories of baseline HbA1c, body weight and blood pressure as an add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2021 |
No effects of dapagliflozin, metformin or exercise on plasma glucagon concentrations in individuals with prediabetes: A post hoc analysis from the randomized controlled PRE-D trial.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Ther | 2021 |
Long-Term Glycaemic Durability of Early Combination Therapy Strategy versus Metformin Monotherapy in Korean Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2021 |
Similar cardiovascular outcomes in patients with diabetes and established or high risk for coronary vascular disease treated with dulaglutide with and without baseline metformin.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; | 2021 |
Impact of Metformin on Statin Persistence: a Post Hoc Analysis of a Large Randomized Controlled Trial.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2022 |
Glycaemic control with add-on thiazolidinedione or a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor in patients with type 2 diabetes after the failure of an oral triple antidiabetic regimen: A 24-week, randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucose; Glycated Hemoglobin; Glycemic Control | 2021 |
Metformin dose increase versus added linagliptin in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes: An analysis of the J-LINK study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated H | 2021 |
Postintervention Effects of Varying Treatment Arms on Glycemic Failure and β-Cell Function in the TODAY Trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2021 |
Circulating sex hormone binding globulin levels are modified with intensive lifestyle intervention, but their changes did not independently predict diabetes risk in the Diabetes Prevention Program.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Life Style; Male; Metformin; Sex Hor | 2020 |
A randomized trial of dapagliflozin and metformin, alone and combined, in overweight women after gestational diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Glucosides; Humans; | 2020 |
An Efficacy and Safety Study of Remogliflozin in Obese Indian Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Who Were Inadequately Controlled on Insulin Glargine Plus other Oral Hypoglycemic Agents.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hy | 2021 |
A 52-week randomized controlled trial of ipragliflozin or sitagliptin in type 2 diabetes combined with metformin: The N-ISM study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Co | 2021 |
Association of Intensive Lifestyle and Metformin Interventions With Frailty in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Frailty; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Sty | 2021 |
Association of Intensive Lifestyle and Metformin Interventions With Frailty in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Frailty; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Sty | 2021 |
Association of Intensive Lifestyle and Metformin Interventions With Frailty in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Frailty; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Sty | 2021 |
Association of Intensive Lifestyle and Metformin Interventions With Frailty in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Frailty; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Sty | 2021 |
Liraglutide and sitagliptin have no effect on intestinal microbiota composition: A 12-week randomized placebo-controlled trial in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bile Acids and Salts; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV I | 2021 |
The role of GLP-1 in the postprandial effects of acarbose in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Acarbose; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Denmark; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2021 |
High baseline FGF21 levels are associated with poor glucose-lowering efficacy of exenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers, Pharmacological; Blood Glucose; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, C | 2021 |
Combined exenatide and dapagliflozin has no additive effects on reduction of hepatocellular lipids despite better glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin: EXENDA, a 24-week, prospective, randomized, placebo-contr
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diabetes Me | 2021 |
A randomized, placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy and safety of sitagliptin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycaemic control on ipragliflozin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Co | 2021 |
Role of Canagliflozin on function of CD34+ve endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antigens, CD34; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Canagliflozin; Cells, Cultured; Chemotaxis; | 2021 |
Effect of Dapagliflozin on Urine Metabolome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucosides; Glycated H | 2021 |
Effect of metformin and insulin vs. placebo and insulin on whole body composition in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Body Composition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Insulin; Metformin; Overweight | 2021 |
Efficacy of metformin and fermentable fiber combination therapy in adolescents with severe obesity and insulin resistance: study protocol for a double-blind randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Res | 2021 |
Effects of Metformin-Single Therapy on the Level of Inflammatory Markers in Serum of Non-Obese T2DM Patients with NAFLD.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Human | 2022 |
Antidiabetic Drugs and Prostate Cancer Prognosis in a Finnish Population-Based Cohort.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Finland; Glycemic Control; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2021 |
Thymoquinone with Metformin Decreases Fasting, Post Prandial Glucose, and HbA1c in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Animals; Benzoquinones; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; | 2021 |
Two-Year Treatment With Metformin During Puberty Does Not Preserve β-Cell Function in Youth With Obesity.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adolescent; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dou | 2021 |
Henagliflozin as add-on therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin: A multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Meth | 2021 |
Efficacy and safety of ertugliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established cardiovascular disease using insulin: A VERTIS CV substudy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2021 |
Dapagliflozin effect on endothelial dysfunction in diabetic patients with atherosclerotic disease: a randomized active-controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Brazil; Carotid Artery Diseases; Diabe | 2021 |
Physiologically based metformin pharmacokinetics model of mice and scale-up to humans for the estimation of concentrations in various tissues.
Topics: Animals; Computer Simulation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; H | 2021 |
Metformin and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide in type 2 diabetes patients, a post-hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Male; Metformin; Middle Ag | 2021 |
Exenatide Twice Daily Plus Glargine Versus Aspart 70/30 Twice Daily in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes With Inadequate Glycemic Control on Premixed Human Insulin and Metformin.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Glycated Hemoglobin; Glycemic Control; Humans; | 2021 |
Metformin for early comorbid glucose dysregulation and schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a pilot double-blind randomized clinical trial.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2021 |
Short-term intensive insulin as induction and maintenance therapy for the preservation of beta-cell function in early type 2 diabetes (RESET-IT Main): A 2-year randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Glarg | 2021 |
Islet Autoimmunity in Adults With Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Recently Diagnosed, Treatment Naïve Type 2 Diabetes in the Restoring Insulin SEcretion (RISE) Study.
Topics: Autoantibodies; Autoantigens; Autoimmunity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; | 2021 |
Effects of vancomycin-induced gut microbiome alteration on the pharmacodynamics of metformin in healthy male subjects.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Dysbiosis; Enterobacter; Faecalibacterium; Fece | 2021 |
Efficacy and safety of ipragliflozin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycaemic control on sitagliptin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucosides; Glycated Hemo | 2021 |
Efficacy and safety of ipragliflozin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycaemic control on sitagliptin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucosides; Glycated Hemo | 2021 |
Efficacy and safety of ipragliflozin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycaemic control on sitagliptin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucosides; Glycated Hemo | 2021 |
Efficacy and safety of ipragliflozin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycaemic control on sitagliptin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucosides; Glycated Hemo | 2021 |
Dapagliflozin increases the lean-to total mass ratio in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Body Wei | 2021 |
Assessment of safety and tolerability of remogliflozin etabonate (GSK189075) when administered with total daily dose of 2000 mg of metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Interacti | 2021 |
Danuglipron (PF-06882961) in type 2 diabetes: a randomized, placebo-controlled, multiple ascending-dose phase 1 trial.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Rece | 2021 |
Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide Once Weekly in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Sche | 2021 |
Activation of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Ameliorates Cognitive Decline in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Through a Metabolism-Independent Pathway.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Foll | 2021 |
SITAgliptin for Depressive Symptoms in Type 2 Diabetes: A Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial.
Topics: Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Feasibility S | 2021 |
Effect of Dosage Reduction of Hypoglycemic Multidrug Regimens on the Incidences of Acute Glycemic Complications in People With Type 2 Diabetes Who Fast During Ramaḍān: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fasting; Female; Glycemic | 2021 |
Changes in the gut microbiome influence the hypoglycemic effect of metformin through the altered metabolism of branched-chain and nonessential amino acids.
Topics: Amino Acids; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Me | 2021 |
Comparison of the clinical effect of empagliflozin on glycemic and non-glycemic parameters in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease treated with or without baseline metformin.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2021 |
A registry-based randomised trial comparing an SGLT2 inhibitor and metformin as standard treatment of early stage type 2 diabetes (SMARTEST): Rationale, design and protocol.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Randomized Controlled Trials as T | 2021 |
Add on DPP-4 inhibitor alogliptin alone or in combination with pioglitazone improved β-cell function and insulin sensitivity in metformin treated PCOS.
Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitor | 2017 |
Piloting a Remission Strategy in Type 2 Diabetes: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.
Topics: Acarbose; Aged; Ambulatory Care; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; Exercise; | 2017 |
Randomized trial comparing the effects of gliclazide, liraglutide, and metformin on diabetes with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gliclazide; Glyc | 2017 |
Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide versus once-daily insulin glargine as add-on to metformin (with or without sulfonylureas) in insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 4): a randomised, open-label, parallel-group, multicentre, mul
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptides; Humans; | 2017 |
Effect of bromocriptine-QR therapy on glycemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus whose dysglycemia is inadequately controlled on insulin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bromocriptine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dopamine Agonists; Double- | 2017 |
Rationale and design of a multicenter placebo-controlled double-blind randomized trial to evaluate the effect of empagliflozin on endothelial function: the EMBLEM trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Atherosclerosis; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mell | 2017 |
Effect of Saxagliptin on Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Endothelial Function in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic Patients.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Endothelial Progenitor Cells; Endoth | 2017 |
Impact of demographics and disease progression on the relationship between glucose and HbA1c.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hu | 2017 |
Variation in Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young Genes Influence Response to Interventions for Diabetes Prevention.
Topics: Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise Therapy; Genetic V | 2017 |
Metformin and daclatasvir: absence of a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic drug interaction in healthy volunteers.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Carbamates; Cross-Over Studies; Diabet | 2017 |
Effect of Long-Term Metformin and Lifestyle in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Its Outcome Study on Coronary Artery Calcium.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Calcium; Coronary Artery Disease; Coronary Vessels; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Adm | 2017 |
Efficacy and safety of ipragliflozin and metformin for visceral fat reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving treatment with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in Japan: a study protocol for a prospective, multicentre, blinded-endpoint phase IV
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucosides; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2017 |
Metformin, Lifestyle Intervention, and Cognition in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ethnicity; Female; Follow-Up | 2017 |
Metformin, Lifestyle Intervention, and Cognition in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ethnicity; Female; Follow-Up | 2017 |
Metformin, Lifestyle Intervention, and Cognition in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ethnicity; Female; Follow-Up | 2017 |
Metformin, Lifestyle Intervention, and Cognition in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ethnicity; Female; Follow-Up | 2017 |
Metformin, Lifestyle Intervention, and Cognition in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ethnicity; Female; Follow-Up | 2017 |
Metformin, Lifestyle Intervention, and Cognition in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ethnicity; Female; Follow-Up | 2017 |
Metformin, Lifestyle Intervention, and Cognition in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ethnicity; Female; Follow-Up | 2017 |
Metformin, Lifestyle Intervention, and Cognition in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ethnicity; Female; Follow-Up | 2017 |
Metformin, Lifestyle Intervention, and Cognition in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ethnicity; Female; Follow-Up | 2017 |
Metformin, Lifestyle Intervention, and Cognition in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ethnicity; Female; Follow-Up | 2017 |
Metformin, Lifestyle Intervention, and Cognition in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ethnicity; Female; Follow-Up | 2017 |
Metformin, Lifestyle Intervention, and Cognition in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ethnicity; Female; Follow-Up | 2017 |
Metformin, Lifestyle Intervention, and Cognition in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ethnicity; Female; Follow-Up | 2017 |
Metformin, Lifestyle Intervention, and Cognition in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ethnicity; Female; Follow-Up | 2017 |
Metformin, Lifestyle Intervention, and Cognition in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ethnicity; Female; Follow-Up | 2017 |
Metformin, Lifestyle Intervention, and Cognition in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ethnicity; Female; Follow-Up | 2017 |
Metformin alters the gut microbiome of individuals with treatment-naive type 2 diabetes, contributing to the therapeutic effects of the drug.
Topics: Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA, Bacterial; Double-Blind Method; Fatty | 2017 |
The addition of vildagliptin to metformin prevents the elevation of interleukin 1ß in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease: a prospective, randomized, open-label study.
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiac Rehabilitation; Coronary Artery Disease; D | 2017 |
The addition of vildagliptin to metformin prevents the elevation of interleukin 1ß in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease: a prospective, randomized, open-label study.
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiac Rehabilitation; Coronary Artery Disease; D | 2017 |
The addition of vildagliptin to metformin prevents the elevation of interleukin 1ß in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease: a prospective, randomized, open-label study.
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiac Rehabilitation; Coronary Artery Disease; D | 2017 |
The addition of vildagliptin to metformin prevents the elevation of interleukin 1ß in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease: a prospective, randomized, open-label study.
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiac Rehabilitation; Coronary Artery Disease; D | 2017 |
A randomized clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of the once-weekly dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor omarigliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin monotherapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Heterocyclic Compounds | 2017 |
Effects of saxagliptin on glucose homeostasis and body composition of obese patients with newly diagnosed pre-diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase | 2017 |
A Double-Blinded Randomized Study Investigating a Possible Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Saxagliptin versus Placebo as Add-On Therapy in Patients with Both Type 2 Diabetes And Stable Coronary Artery Disease.
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipe | 2017 |
Long-term Cost-effectiveness of Two GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Italian Setting: Liraglutide Versus Lixisenatide.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; G | 2017 |
Insulin degludec/liraglutide (IDegLira) was effective across a range of dysglycaemia and body mass index categories in the DUAL V randomized trial.
Topics: Anti-Obesity Agents; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; D | 2018 |
Alprostadil protects type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with metformin from contrast-induced nephropathy.
Topics: Aged; Alprostadil; Contrast Media; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Emergencies; Female; Fluid | 2017 |
Insulin Glargine/Lixisenatide: A Review in Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gluca | 2017 |
Metformin-associated prevention of weight gain in insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients cannot be explained by decreased energy intake: A post hoc analysis of a randomized placebo-controlled 4.3-year trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Obesity Agents; Appetite Depressants; Body Mass Index; Diabetes | 2018 |
The magnitude of weight loss induced by metformin is independently associated with BMI at baseline in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: Post-hoc analysis from data of a phase IV open-labeled trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2017 |
The efficacy and safety of adding either vildagliptin or glimepiride to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adamantane; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dinoprost; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; | 2017 |
Luseogliflozin improves liver fat deposition compared to metformin in type 2 diabetes patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A prospective randomized controlled pilot study.
Topics: Adiposity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans | 2018 |
The effect of empagliflozin on muscle sympathetic nerve activity in patients with type II diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2017 |
Metformin treatment significantly enhances intestinal glucose uptake in patients with type 2 diabetes: Results from a randomized clinical trial.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2017 |
The bile acid-sequestering resin sevelamer eliminates the acute GLP-1 stimulatory effect of endogenously released bile acids in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Bile Acids and Salts; Chelating Agents; Cholagogues and Choleretics; Cross-Over Studies; Diabe | 2018 |
Combined effect of metformin with ascorbic acid versus acetyl salicylic acid on diabetes-related cardiovascular complication; a 12-month single blind multicenter randomized control trial.
Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Aspirin; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2017 |
Exploring residual risk for diabetes and microvascular disease in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (DPPOS).
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diet, Reducing; Exercise Therapy; Female; F | 2017 |
Exploring residual risk for diabetes and microvascular disease in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (DPPOS).
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diet, Reducing; Exercise Therapy; Female; F | 2017 |
Exploring residual risk for diabetes and microvascular disease in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (DPPOS).
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diet, Reducing; Exercise Therapy; Female; F | 2017 |
Exploring residual risk for diabetes and microvascular disease in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (DPPOS).
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diet, Reducing; Exercise Therapy; Female; F | 2017 |
Metformin extended-release versus immediate-release: An international, randomized, double-blind, head-to-head trial in pharmacotherapy-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Combined Modality Therapy; Delayed-Action Preparations | 2018 |
Effect of ertugliflozin on glucose control, body weight, blood pressure and bone density in type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin monotherapy (VERTIS MET).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Bone Density; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D | 2018 |
Comparative assessment of the efficacy and safety of acarbose and metformin combined with premixed insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combi | 2017 |
Effects of Liraglutide on Weight Loss, Fat Distribution, and β-Cell Function in Obese Subjects With Prediabetes or Early Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adipocytes; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide | 2017 |
Effects on the incidence of cardiovascular events of the addition of pioglitazone versus sulfonylureas in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin (TOSCA.IT): a randomised, multicentre trial.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; | 2017 |
Efficacy and safety of the addition of ertugliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with metformin and sitagliptin: The VERTIS SITA2 placebo-controlled randomized study.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2018 |
Use of Prohibited Medication, a Potentially Overlooked Confounder in Clinical Trials: Omarigliptin (Once-weekly DPP-4 Inhibitor) Monotherapy Trial in 18- to 45-year-olds.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; Diabetes Mell | 2017 |
Efficacy and safety of saxagliptin in combination with metformin as initial therapy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: Results from the START study, a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, phase 3 trial.
Topics: Adamantane; Analysis of Variance; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Double-Blind Method; Drug T | 2018 |
Pharmacokinetics and Preliminary Pharmacodynamics of Single- and Multiple-dose Lyophilized Recombinant Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist (rE-4) in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Female; Glucagon-Like Pept | 2017 |
Single-Dose Metformin Enhances Bile Acid-Induced Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Secretion in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Bile Acids and Salts; Blood Glucose; Cholecystokinin; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2017 |
Peri-operative continuation of metformin does not improve glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans | 2018 |
Effects of insulin analogs as an add-on to metformin on cutaneous microcirculation in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endoth | 2018 |
Metformin and β-cell function in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized placebo-controlled 4.3-year trial.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; In | 2018 |
The effects of vildagliptin compared with metformin on vascular endothelial function and metabolic parameters: a randomized, controlled trial (Sapporo Athero-Incretin Study 3).
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy | 2017 |
Impact of Lifestyle and Metformin Interventions on the Risk of Progression to Diabetes and Regression to Normal Glucose Regulation in Overweight or Obese People With Impaired Glucose Regulation.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Exercise; Fem | 2017 |
Treatment satisfaction with ITCA 650, a novel drug-device delivering continuous exenatide, versus twice-daily injections of exenatide in type 2 diabetics using metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Th | 2018 |
A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of the once-weekly DPP-4 inhibitor omarigliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled by glimepiride and metformin.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fema | 2017 |
Patient-reported Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Dulaglutide Added to Titrated Insulin Glargine (AWARD-9).
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucagon-L | 2017 |
Impact of continuation of metformin prior to elective coronary angiography on acute contrast nephropathy in patients with normal or mildly impaired renal functions.
Topics: Contrast Media; Coronary Angiography; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Sch | 2017 |
Initial Presentation of Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents Predicts Durability of Successful Treatment with Metformin Monotherapy: Insights from the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium T2D Registry.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; H | 2018 |
Safety and efficacy of metformin up-titration in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with vildagliptin and low-dose metformin.
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; | 2017 |
Saxagliptin add-on therapy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by insulin with or without metformin: Results from the SUPER study, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Asian People; Blood Glucose; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; | 2018 |
Sex-Dependent Effect of Metformin on Serum Prolactin Levels In Hyperprolactinemic Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hyperprolactinemia; Lactotrophs; Male; | 2018 |
Effect of metformin combined with lifestyle modification versus lifestyle modification alone on proinflammatory-oxidative status in drug-naïve pre-diabetic and diabetic patients: A randomized controlled study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glycat | 2018 |
Homocysteine as a non-classical risk factor for atherosclerosis in relation to pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Atherosclerosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Homocysteine; Humans; H | 2017 |
Comparative effectiveness of metformin monotherapy in extended release and immediate release formulations for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in treatment-naïve Chinese patients: Analysis of results from the CONSENT trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asian People; China; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Compo | 2018 |
Cardiac Biomarkers in Youth with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Results from the TODAY Study.
Topics: Adolescent; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus | 2018 |
Ertugliflozin plus sitagliptin versus either individual agent over 52 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with metformin: The VERTIS FACTORIAL randomized trial.
Topics: Aged; Body Mass Index; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidy | 2018 |
Ertugliflozin plus sitagliptin versus either individual agent over 52 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with metformin: The VERTIS FACTORIAL randomized trial.
Topics: Aged; Body Mass Index; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidy | 2018 |
Ertugliflozin plus sitagliptin versus either individual agent over 52 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with metformin: The VERTIS FACTORIAL randomized trial.
Topics: Aged; Body Mass Index; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidy | 2018 |
Ertugliflozin plus sitagliptin versus either individual agent over 52 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with metformin: The VERTIS FACTORIAL randomized trial.
Topics: Aged; Body Mass Index; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidy | 2018 |
Long-term effects on glycaemic control and β-cell preservation of early intensive treatment in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: A multicentre randomized trial.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Foll | 2018 |
Randomized Trial of the Effects of Insulin and Metformin on Myocardial Injury and Stress in Diabetes Mellitus: A Post Hoc Exploratory Analysis.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combina | 2017 |
Effects of exenatide once weekly plus dapagliflozin, exenatide once weekly, or dapagliflozin, added to metformin monotherapy, on body weight, systolic blood pressure, and triglycerides in patients with type 2 diabetes in the DURATION-8 study.
Topics: Anti-Obesity Agents; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Me | 2018 |
DECLARE-TIMI 58: Participants' baseline characteristics.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials, Phase III as | 2018 |
Two-year trial of intermittent insulin therapy vs metformin for the preservation of β-cell function after initial short-term intensive insulin induction in early type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Gly | 2018 |
Metformin does not affect postabsorptive hepatic free fatty acid uptake, oxidation or resecretion in humans: A 3-month placebo-controlled clinical trial in patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy controls.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Fatt | 2018 |
Green tea extract outperforms metformin in lipid profile and glycaemic control in overweight women: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Die | 2017 |
A 52-week extension study of switching from gemigliptin vs sitagliptin to gemigliptin only as add-on therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes who are inadequately controlled with metformin alone.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; Drug Admin | 2018 |
Safety and tolerability of dapagliflozin, saxagliptin and metformin in combination: Post-hoc analysis of concomitant add-on versus sequential add-on to metformin and of triple versus dual therapy with metformin.
Topics: Adamantane; Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inh | 2018 |
Effects of canagliflozin versus glimepiride on adipokines and inflammatory biomarkers in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2018 |
Comparison of glycemic control and β-cell function in new onset T2DM patients with PCOS of metformin and saxagliptin monotherapy or combination treatment.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Age of Onset; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; D | 2018 |
CoMET: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial of co-commencement of METformin as an adjunctive treatment to attenuate weight gain and metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia newly commenced on clozapine.
Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Clozapine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2018 |
Comparison of Surgical and Medical Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes in Severely Obese Adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Anthropometry; Bariatric Surgery; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellit | 2018 |
Comparison of Surgical and Medical Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes in Severely Obese Adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Anthropometry; Bariatric Surgery; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellit | 2018 |
Comparison of Surgical and Medical Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes in Severely Obese Adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Anthropometry; Bariatric Surgery; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellit | 2018 |
Comparison of Surgical and Medical Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes in Severely Obese Adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Anthropometry; Bariatric Surgery; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellit | 2018 |
Comparison of Surgical and Medical Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes in Severely Obese Adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Anthropometry; Bariatric Surgery; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellit | 2018 |
Comparison of Surgical and Medical Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes in Severely Obese Adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Anthropometry; Bariatric Surgery; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellit | 2018 |
Comparison of Surgical and Medical Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes in Severely Obese Adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Anthropometry; Bariatric Surgery; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellit | 2018 |
Comparison of Surgical and Medical Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes in Severely Obese Adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Anthropometry; Bariatric Surgery; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellit | 2018 |
Comparison of Surgical and Medical Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes in Severely Obese Adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Anthropometry; Bariatric Surgery; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellit | 2018 |
Exenatide with Metformin Ameliorated Visceral Adiposity and Insulin Resistance.
Topics: Adiposity; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Fat Distribution; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therap | 2018 |
The antidiabetic drug metformin blunts NETosis in vitro and reduces circulating NETosis biomarkers in vivo.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Com | 2018 |
The effect of vitamin C and/or E supplementations on type 2 diabetic adult males under metformin treatment: A single-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial.
Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellit | 2018 |
Effects of exenatide once weekly plus dapagliflozin, exenatide once weekly alone, or dapagliflozin alone added to metformin monotherapy in subgroups of patients with type 2 diabetes in the DURATION-8 randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dru | 2018 |
Thiazolidinediones and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation Among Patients with Diabetes and Coronary Disease.
Topics: Atrial Fibrillation; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agent | 2018 |
Alogliptin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Receiving Metformin and Sulfonylurea Therapies in the EXAMINE Trial.
Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy | 2018 |
Gut microbiota varies by opioid use, circulating leptin and oxytocin in African American men with diabetes and high burden of chronic disease.
Topics: Bacteria; Black or African American; Chronic Disease; Cost of Illness; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diab | 2018 |
A randomized controlled trial to compare the effects of sulphonylurea gliclazide MR (modified release) and the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin on glycemic variability and control measured by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in Brazilian women with type 2
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Brazil; Delayed-Action Prepar | 2018 |
Effect of metformin on plasma metabolite profile in the Copenhagen Insulin and Metformin Therapy (CIMT) trial.
Topics: Aged; Carnitine; Chromatography, Liquid; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glyca | 2018 |
Liraglutide suppresses non-esterified free fatty acids and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 compared with metformin in patients with recent-onset type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Biomarkers; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Down-Regulation; Fatty Ac | 2018 |
Effects on the glucagon response to hypoglycaemia during DPP-4 inhibition in elderly subjects with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase | 2018 |
Effects of metformin, rosiglitazone and insulin on bone metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Biomarkers; Bone and Bones; Bone Remodeling; Collagen Type I; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hum | 2018 |
Long-term treatment with metformin in type 2 diabetes and vitamin D levels: A post-hoc analysis of a randomized placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; Age Factors; Aged; Body Mass Index; Calcifediol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2018 |
Menstrual Dysfunction in Girls From the Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) Study.
Topics: Adolescent; Androgens; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug | 2018 |
The synergistic effects of saxagliptin and metformin on CD34+ endothelial progenitor cells in early type 2 diabetes patients: a randomized clinical trial.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Antigens, CD34; Arterial Pressure; Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2018 |
Comparison of Adherence to Glimepiride/Metformin Sustained Release Once-daily Versus Glimepiride/Metformin Immediate Release BID Fixed-combination Therapy Using the Medication Event Monitoring System in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Body Mass Index; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemo | 2018 |
Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of crude seeds of Centratherum anthelminticum in healthy volunteers and type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Adult; Asteraceae; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucose Tolerance T | 2018 |
Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of glimepiride combined with other drugs in the treatment of diabetes.
Topics: Acarbose; Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combin | 2018 |
Assessment of the Drug Interaction Potential of Ertugliflozin With Sitagliptin, Metformin, Glimepiride, or Simvastatin in Healthy Subjects.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2019 |
Structural Alteration of Gut Microbiota during the Amelioration of Human Type 2 Diabetes with Hyperlipidemia by Metformin and a Traditional Chinese Herbal Formula: a Multicenter, Randomized, Open Label Clinical Trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Obesity Agents; Bacteria; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dr | 2018 |
A gene variant near ATM affects the response to metformin and metformin plasma levels: a post hoc analysis of an RCT.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; F | 2018 |
Efficacy and safety of ipragliflozin as an add-on therapy to sitagliptin and metformin in Korean patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2018 |
Efficacy of oral vitamin D on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in type 2 diabetics having vitamin D deficiency - A randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Female; Glycated | 2018 |
Effect of Aspirin on Cancer Chemoprevention in Japanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: 10-Year Observational Follow-up of a Randomized Controlled Trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aspirin; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chemoprevention; Diabetes Mellitus | 2018 |
Saxagliptin Upregulates Nesfatin-1 Secretion and Ameliorates Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Profiles in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Adamantane; Aged; Blood Glucose; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipe | 2018 |
Efficacy and safety of the glucagon receptor antagonist PF-06291874: A 12-week, randomized, dose-response study in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on background metformin therapy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; beta-Alanine; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dos | 2018 |
Efficacy and safety of Sancai powder in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; G | 2016 |
A case risk study of lactic acidosis risk by metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus tuberculosis coinfection patients.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lactic Acid | 2018 |
Impact of Insulin and Metformin Versus Metformin Alone on β-Cell Function in Youth With Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Recently Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Blood Glucose; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; | 2018 |
Metformin add-on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion on precise insulin doses in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combin | 2018 |
Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin or dapagliflozin plus saxagliptin versus glimepiride as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; | 2018 |
Safety and Tolerability of Combinations of Empagliflozin and Linagliptin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Pooled Data from Two Randomized Controlled Trials.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Monitoring; | 2018 |
THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF CO-ADMINISTRATION OF SITAGLIPTIN WITH METFORMIN IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES AT HOSPITAL DISCHARGE.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated H | 2018 |
Effects of liraglutide, metformin and gliclazide on body composition in patients with both type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fem | 2019 |
A randomized, open-label, multicentre, parallel-controlled study comparing the efficacy and safety of biphasic insulin aspart 30 plus metformin with biphasic insulin aspart 30 monotherapy for type 2 diabetes patients inadequately controlled with oral anti
Topics: Aged; Biphasic Insulins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated Hemo | 2018 |
Empagliflozin compared with glimepiride in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes: 208-week data from a masked randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug The | 2018 |
Glycaemic control and mortality in older people with type 2 diabetes: The Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female | 2018 |
A 26-week, randomized trial of insulin detemir versus NPH insulin in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes (iDEAt2).
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hy | 2018 |
Combination GLP-1 and Insulin Treatment Fails to Alter Myocardial Fuel Selection vs. Insulin Alone in Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Coronary Circulation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fe | 2018 |
The effect of metformin versus placebo in combination with insulin analogues on bone mineral density and trabecular bone score in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bone Density; Cancellous Bone; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug The | 2018 |
Preoperative Continuation Versus Interruption of Oral Hypoglycemics in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Undergoing Ambulatory Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabet | 2018 |
Preoperative Continuation Versus Interruption of Oral Hypoglycemics in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Undergoing Ambulatory Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabet | 2018 |
Preoperative Continuation Versus Interruption of Oral Hypoglycemics in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Undergoing Ambulatory Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabet | 2018 |
Preoperative Continuation Versus Interruption of Oral Hypoglycemics in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Undergoing Ambulatory Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabet | 2018 |
Effect of a nonsystemic, orally administered hydrogel, GS100, on metformin pharmacokinetics.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Fasti | 2018 |
Efficacy and safety of once-weekly dulaglutide versus insulin glargine in mainly Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on metformin and/or a sulphonylurea: A 52-week open-label, randomized phase III trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asian People; Blood Glucose; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Sche | 2019 |
Which is better, high-dose metformin monotherapy or low-dose metformin/linagliptin combination therapy, in improving glycemic variability in type 2 diabetes patients with insufficient glycemic control despite low-dose metformin monotherapy? A randomized,
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2019 |
Single and multiple ascending-dose study of glucagon-receptor antagonist RN909 in type 2 diabetes: a phase 1, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2018 |
Pharmacokinetics of metformin in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 4 and metformin-naïve type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glomerular Filtrat | 2018 |
Effects of Dapagliflozin on 24-Hour Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabete | 2018 |
Successful treatment of prediabetes in clinical practice using physiological assessment (STOP DIABETES).
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2018 |
Efficacy and tolerability of novel triple combination therapy in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes from the TRIPLE-AXEL trial: protocol for an open-label randomised controlled trial.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptid | 2018 |
Improved glycemic control with minimal systemic metformin exposure: Effects of Metformin Delayed-Release (Metformin DR) targeting the lower bowel over 16 weeks in a randomized trial in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Doubl | 2018 |
Use of a Metabolic Syndrome Severity
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progress | 2018 |
Use of a Metabolic Syndrome Severity
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progress | 2018 |
Use of a Metabolic Syndrome Severity
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progress | 2018 |
Use of a Metabolic Syndrome Severity
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progress | 2018 |
Impact of Gastric Banding Versus Metformin on β-Cell Function in Adults With Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Mild Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gastroplasty; Glucose Intolerance; Gl | 2018 |
Cardiovascular safety of oral semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes: Rationale, design and patient baseline characteristics for the PIONEER 6 trial.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Diabe | 2019 |
Pharmacokinetic Equivalence of the High Dose Strength Fixed-Dose Combination Tablet of Gemigliptin/Metformin Sustained Release (SR) and Individual Component Gemigliptin and Metformin XR Tablets in Healthy Subjects.
Topics: Adult; Area Under Curve; Cross-Over Studies; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2018 |
Dapagliflozin versus saxagliptin as add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin.
Topics: Adamantane; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2018 |
Liraglutide, Sitagliptin, and Insulin Glargine Added to Metformin: The Effect on Body Weight and Intrahepatic Lipid in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relat | 2019 |
Teneligliptin versus sitagliptin in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin and glimepiride: A randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority trial.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Equi | 2019 |
Comparative effects of proximal and distal small intestinal administration of metformin on plasma glucose and glucagon-like peptide-1, and gastric emptying after oral glucose, in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Routes; Female; Gastric Emptying | 2019 |
High intensity interval training protects the heart during increased metabolic demand in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial.
Topics: Aged; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diet; Exercise Th | 2019 |
A phase 3 randomized placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy and safety of ipragliflozin as an add-on therapy to metformin in Russian patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucosides; Human | 2018 |
Double-blind, randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy and safety of continuing or discontinuing the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin when initiating insulin glargine therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: The CompoSIT-I Study.
Topics: Aged; Deprescriptions; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind M | 2019 |
Hospital-Based Korean Diabetes Prevention Study: A Prospective, Multi-Center, Randomized, Open-Label Controlled Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Algorithms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Early Intervention, Educational; Humans; Hypogly | 2019 |
Hypoglycaemia as a function of HbA1c in type 2 diabetes: Insulin glargine 300 U/mL in a patient-level pooled analysis of EDITION 1, 2 and 3.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, D | 2019 |
Mealtime fast-acting insulin aspart versus insulin aspart for controlling postprandial hyperglycaemia in people with insulin-resistant Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Dr | 2019 |
Sustained 52-week efficacy and safety of triple therapy with dapagliflozin plus saxagliptin versus dual therapy with sitagliptin added to metformin in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Double | 2019 |
Metformin-induced glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion contributes to the actions of metformin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Australia; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Me | 2018 |
A whey/guar "preload" improves postprandial glycaemia and glycated haemoglobin levels in type 2 diabetes: A 12-week, single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Energ | 2019 |
Comparative effect of saxagliptin and glimepiride with a composite endpoint of adequate glycaemic control without hypoglycaemia and without weight gain in patients uncontrolled with metformin therapy: Results from the SPECIFY study, a 48-week, multi-centr
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Female; | 2019 |
Sitagliptin vs. pioglitazone as add-on treatments in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes on the maximal dose of metformin plus sulfonylurea.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up S | 2019 |
Rationale, design, and methods for the Medical Optimization and Management of Pregnancies with Overt Type 2 Diabetes (MOMPOD) study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Birth Injuries; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Management; Double-Blind Metho | 2018 |
Efficacy and Safety of Voglibose Plus Metformin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2019 |
Impact of Metformin Use and Diabetic Status During Adjuvant Fluoropyrimidine-Oxaliplatin Chemotherapy on the Outcome of Patients with Resected Colon Cancer: A TOSCA Study Subanalysis.
Topics: Aged; Antineoplastic Agents; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Colonic Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; F | 2019 |
Double-blind, randomized clinical trial assessing the efficacy and safety of early initiation of sitagliptin during metformin uptitration in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes: The CompoSIT-M study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blin | 2019 |
Long-term efficacy and safety of ertugliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy: 104-week VERTIS MET trial.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Bone Density; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2019 |
Metformin attenuates the postprandial fall in blood pressure in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Ga | 2019 |
Effects of DAPAgliflozin on CARDiac substrate uptake, myocardial efficiency, and myocardial contractile work in type 2 diabetes patients-a description of the DAPACARD study.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind M | 2019 |
The Role of Vildagliptin in Treating Hypertension Through Modulating Serum VEGF in Diabetic Hypertensive Patients.
Topics: Adult; Antihypertensive Agents; Biomarkers; Blood Pressure; Captopril; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Di | 2019 |
Does metformin therapy influence the effects of intensive lifestyle intervention? Exploring the interaction between first line therapies in the Look AHEAD trial.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cardiorespiratory Fitness; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemog | 2019 |
Phytochemical screening and preliminary clinical trials of the aqueous extract mixture of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees and Syzygium polyanthum (Wight.) Walp leaves in metformin treated patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Andrographis; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; | 2019 |
Metformin use and cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Darbepoetin alfa; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic | 2019 |
Efficacy of metformin on postprandial plasma triglyceride concentration by administration timing in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized cross-over pilot study.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; | 2019 |
A PK/PD study comparing twice-daily to once-daily dosing regimens of ertugliflozin in healthy subjects
.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2019 |
Safety and efficacy of ertugliflozin in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy: VERTIS Asia.
Topics: Aged; Asia, Eastern; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug-Relate | 2019 |
Effect of Additional Oral Semaglutide vs Sitagliptin on Glycated Hemoglobin in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Uncontrolled With Metformin Alone or With Sulfonylurea: The PIONEER 3 Randomized Clinical Trial.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Bli | 2019 |
Neuro-Protective Role of Metformin in Patients with Acute Stroke and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus via AMPK/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Signaling Pathway and Oxidative Stress.
Topics: Adult; Aged; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Survival; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2019 |
Comparison of therapeutic effects of acarbose and metformin under different β-cell function status in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Acarbose; Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated | 2019 |
Hepatic exposure of metformin in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biopsy; Carbon Radioisotopes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gene Expression Profil | 2019 |
Comparing the effects of ipragliflozin versus metformin on visceral fat reduction and metabolic dysfunction in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes treated with sitagliptin: A prospective, multicentre, open-label, blinded-endpoint, randomized controlled
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucosides | 2019 |
Efficacy and safety of an albiglutide liquid formulation compared with the lyophilized formulation: A 26-week randomized, double-blind, repeat-dose study in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response | 2019 |
Long-Term Weight Loss With Metformin or Lifestyle Intervention in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; Male; Metformin; Middle | 2019 |
Long-Term Weight Loss With Metformin or Lifestyle Intervention in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; Male; Metformin; Middle | 2019 |
Long-Term Weight Loss With Metformin or Lifestyle Intervention in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; Male; Metformin; Middle | 2019 |
Long-Term Weight Loss With Metformin or Lifestyle Intervention in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; Male; Metformin; Middle | 2019 |
Liraglutide in Children and Adolescents with Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Doubl | 2019 |
Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin added to metformin and insulin compared with voglibose in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inositol; Male; Metform | 2019 |
Efficacy and safety of an expanded dulaglutide dose range: A phase 2, placebo-controlled trial in patients with type 2 diabetes using metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2019 |
Effect of liraglutide on estimates of lipolysis and lipid oxidation in obese patients with stable coronary artery disease and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: A randomized trial.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Coronary Artery Disease; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double- | 2019 |
A pre-specified statistical analysis plan for the VERIFY study: Vildagliptin efficacy in combination with metformin for early treatment of T2DM.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2019 |
Triple therapy with low-dose dapagliflozin plus saxagliptin versus dual therapy with each monocomponent, all added to metformin, in uncontrolled type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; | 2019 |
Effect of Nigella Sativa oil versus metformin on glycemic control and biochemical parameters of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Me | 2019 |
The impact of GDF-15, a biomarker for metformin, on the risk of coronary artery disease, breast and colorectal cancer, and type 2 diabetes and metabolic traits: a Mendelian randomisation study.
Topics: Biomarkers; Breast Neoplasms; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Colorectal Neoplasms; Coronary Art | 2019 |
A 24-week, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled clinical trial comparing bexagliflozin with sitagliptin as an adjunct to metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in adults.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glycate | 2019 |
Changes in Visceral and Subcutaneous Fat in Youth With Type 2 Diabetes in the TODAY Study.
Topics: Adiposity; Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Body Fat Distribution; Child; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabe | 2019 |
Regression to Normal Glucose Regulation in American Indians and Alaska Natives of a Diabetes Prevention Program.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alaskan Natives; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Female; Follow-Up | 2019 |
Olfactory Dysfunction Mediates Adiposity in Cognitive Impairment of Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From Clinical and Functional Neuroimaging Studies.
Topics: Adiposity; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Brain; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2019 |
Olfactory Dysfunction Mediates Adiposity in Cognitive Impairment of Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From Clinical and Functional Neuroimaging Studies.
Topics: Adiposity; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Brain; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2019 |
Olfactory Dysfunction Mediates Adiposity in Cognitive Impairment of Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From Clinical and Functional Neuroimaging Studies.
Topics: Adiposity; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Brain; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2019 |
Olfactory Dysfunction Mediates Adiposity in Cognitive Impairment of Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From Clinical and Functional Neuroimaging Studies.
Topics: Adiposity; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Brain; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2019 |
Olfactory Dysfunction Mediates Adiposity in Cognitive Impairment of Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From Clinical and Functional Neuroimaging Studies.
Topics: Adiposity; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Brain; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2019 |
Olfactory Dysfunction Mediates Adiposity in Cognitive Impairment of Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From Clinical and Functional Neuroimaging Studies.
Topics: Adiposity; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Brain; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2019 |
Olfactory Dysfunction Mediates Adiposity in Cognitive Impairment of Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From Clinical and Functional Neuroimaging Studies.
Topics: Adiposity; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Brain; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2019 |
Olfactory Dysfunction Mediates Adiposity in Cognitive Impairment of Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From Clinical and Functional Neuroimaging Studies.
Topics: Adiposity; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Brain; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2019 |
Olfactory Dysfunction Mediates Adiposity in Cognitive Impairment of Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From Clinical and Functional Neuroimaging Studies.
Topics: Adiposity; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Brain; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2019 |
Olfactory Dysfunction Mediates Adiposity in Cognitive Impairment of Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From Clinical and Functional Neuroimaging Studies.
Topics: Adiposity; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Brain; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2019 |
Olfactory Dysfunction Mediates Adiposity in Cognitive Impairment of Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From Clinical and Functional Neuroimaging Studies.
Topics: Adiposity; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Brain; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2019 |
Olfactory Dysfunction Mediates Adiposity in Cognitive Impairment of Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From Clinical and Functional Neuroimaging Studies.
Topics: Adiposity; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Brain; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2019 |
Olfactory Dysfunction Mediates Adiposity in Cognitive Impairment of Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From Clinical and Functional Neuroimaging Studies.
Topics: Adiposity; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Brain; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2019 |
Olfactory Dysfunction Mediates Adiposity in Cognitive Impairment of Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From Clinical and Functional Neuroimaging Studies.
Topics: Adiposity; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Brain; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2019 |
Olfactory Dysfunction Mediates Adiposity in Cognitive Impairment of Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From Clinical and Functional Neuroimaging Studies.
Topics: Adiposity; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Brain; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2019 |
Olfactory Dysfunction Mediates Adiposity in Cognitive Impairment of Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From Clinical and Functional Neuroimaging Studies.
Topics: Adiposity; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Brain; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2019 |
Glycemic Control and Insulin Treatment Alter Fracture Risk in Older Men With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bone Density; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fractures, | 2019 |
Comparison of Safety and Efficacy of Glimepiride-Metformin and Vildagliptin- Metformin Treatment in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic Patients.
Topics: Adamantane; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin | 2018 |
A comparison study on efficacy, insulin sensitivity and safety of Glimepiride/Metformin fixed dose combination versus glimepiride single therapy on type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with basal insulin therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hu | 2019 |
Liraglutide in combination with metformin may improve the atherogenic lipid profile and decrease C-reactive protein level in statin treated obese patients with coronary artery disease and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: A randomized trial.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Coronary Artery Disease; Cross-Over Studies; De | 2019 |
Metformin Use and Clinical Outcomes Among Patients With Diabetes Mellitus With or Without Heart Failure or Kidney Dysfunction: Observations From the SAVOR-TIMI 53 Trial.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Heart Failur | 2019 |
Effects of taspoglutide on glycemic control and body weight in obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T-emerge 7 study).
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Obesity Agents; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2013 |
Determinants of weight gain in the action to control cardiovascular risk in diabetes trial.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Male; Metfo | 2013 |
A comparison between sitagliptin or glibenclamide in addition to metformin + pioglitazone on glycaemic control and β-cell function: the triple oral therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fasting; F | 2013 |
Once-daily initiation of basal insulin as add-on to metformin: a 26-week, randomized, treat-to-target trial comparing insulin detemir with insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Argentina; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administrati | 2013 |
Dapagliflozin add-on to metformin in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 102-week trial.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, C | 2013 |
Dapagliflozin add-on to metformin in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 102-week trial.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, C | 2013 |
Dapagliflozin add-on to metformin in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 102-week trial.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, C | 2013 |
Dapagliflozin add-on to metformin in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 102-week trial.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, C | 2013 |
Dapagliflozin add-on to metformin in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 102-week trial.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, C | 2013 |
Dapagliflozin add-on to metformin in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 102-week trial.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, C | 2013 |
Dapagliflozin add-on to metformin in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 102-week trial.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, C | 2013 |
Dapagliflozin add-on to metformin in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 102-week trial.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, C | 2013 |
Dapagliflozin add-on to metformin in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 102-week trial.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, C | 2013 |
A randomized, double-blind, comparative therapy evaluating sitagliptin versus glibenclamide in type 2 diabetes patients already treated with pioglitazone and metformin: a 3-year study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fasting; F | 2013 |
Effects of insulin glargine versus metformin on glycemic variability, microvascular and beta-cell function in early type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2013 |
Sitagliptin as add-on therapy in insulin deficiency: biomarkers of therapeutic efficacy respond differently in type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Di | 2013 |
Effect of emulin on blood glucose in type 2 diabetics.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Chlorogenic Acid; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dou | 2013 |
Rosiglitazone decreases bone mineral density and increases bone turnover in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bone Density; Bone Remodeling; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Meth | 2013 |
Efficacy and safety of traditional chinese medicine for diabetes: a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Humans; Male; Medicin | 2013 |
Dose-ranging study with the glucokinase activator AZD1656 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on metformin.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Azetidines; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL | 2013 |
Impact of baseline BMI on glycemic control and weight change with metformin monotherapy in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients: phase IV open-label trial.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemo | 2013 |
A randomised trial of enteric-coated nutrient pellets to stimulate gastrointestinal peptide release and lower glycaemia in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Colon; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gluca | 2013 |
Population pharmacokinetics of metformin in healthy subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: simulation of doses according to renal function.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2013 |
Glimepiride strongly enhances the glucose-lowering effect in triple oral antidiabetes therapy with sitagliptin and metformin for Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug | 2013 |
Pioglitazone Randomised Italian Study on Metabolic Syndrome (PRISMA): effect of pioglitazone with metformin on HDL-C levels in Type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Fe | 2013 |
Variation at the melanocortin 4 receptor gene and response to weight-loss interventions in the diabetes prevention program.
Topics: Adult; Alleles; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Exercise; Female; Genotype; Humans | 2013 |
Ultrasonography modifications of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue after pioglitazone or glibenclamide therapy combined with rosuvastatin in type 2 diabetic patients not well controlled by metformin.
Topics: Adipokines; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2013 |
[Long-term efficacy of dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving high doses of insulin].
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Rel | 2013 |
[Dapagliflozin versus glipizide as add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycemic control with metformin].
Topics: Aged; Balanitis; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Diabet | 2013 |
Alogliptin versus glipizide monotherapy in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with mild hyperglycaemia: a prospective, double-blind, randomized, 1-year study.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitor | 2013 |
Early management of type 2 diabetes based on a SMBG strategy: the way to diabetes regression--the St Carlos study : a 3-year, prospective, randomized, clinic-based, interventional study with parallel groups.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemo | 2013 |
Optimal macronutrient content of the diet for adolescents with prediabetes; RESIST a randomised control trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Body Mass Index; Child; Child Behavior; Combined Modality Therapy; | 2013 |
The effect of intensive glucose lowering on lipoprotein particle profiles and inflammatory markers in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT).
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; | 2013 |
The effect of intensive glucose lowering on lipoprotein particle profiles and inflammatory markers in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT).
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; | 2013 |
The effect of intensive glucose lowering on lipoprotein particle profiles and inflammatory markers in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT).
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; | 2013 |
The effect of intensive glucose lowering on lipoprotein particle profiles and inflammatory markers in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT).
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; | 2013 |
Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once-daily morning or evening injections in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin (GetGoal-M).
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; | 2013 |
Canagliflozin compared with sitagliptin for patients with type 2 diabetes who do not have adequate glycemic control with metformin plus sulfonylurea: a 52-week randomized trial.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucosid | 2013 |
Canagliflozin compared with sitagliptin for patients with type 2 diabetes who do not have adequate glycemic control with metformin plus sulfonylurea: a 52-week randomized trial.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucosid | 2013 |
Canagliflozin compared with sitagliptin for patients with type 2 diabetes who do not have adequate glycemic control with metformin plus sulfonylurea: a 52-week randomized trial.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucosid | 2013 |
Canagliflozin compared with sitagliptin for patients with type 2 diabetes who do not have adequate glycemic control with metformin plus sulfonylurea: a 52-week randomized trial.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucosid | 2013 |
Canagliflozin compared with sitagliptin for patients with type 2 diabetes who do not have adequate glycemic control with metformin plus sulfonylurea: a 52-week randomized trial.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucosid | 2013 |
Canagliflozin compared with sitagliptin for patients with type 2 diabetes who do not have adequate glycemic control with metformin plus sulfonylurea: a 52-week randomized trial.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucosid | 2013 |
Canagliflozin compared with sitagliptin for patients with type 2 diabetes who do not have adequate glycemic control with metformin plus sulfonylurea: a 52-week randomized trial.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucosid | 2013 |
Canagliflozin compared with sitagliptin for patients with type 2 diabetes who do not have adequate glycemic control with metformin plus sulfonylurea: a 52-week randomized trial.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucosid | 2013 |
Canagliflozin compared with sitagliptin for patients with type 2 diabetes who do not have adequate glycemic control with metformin plus sulfonylurea: a 52-week randomized trial.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucosid | 2013 |
Vildagliptin in addition to metformin improves retinal blood flow and erythrocyte deformability in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus - results from an exploratory study.
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhi | 2013 |
Linagliptin provides effective, well-tolerated add-on therapy to pre-existing oral antidiabetic therapy over 1 year in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Asian People; Biguanides; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Femal | 2013 |
Mechanisms of glucose lowering of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin when used alone or with metformin in type 2 diabetes: a double-tracer study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Fasting; Ga | 2013 |
Efficacy and safety over 26 weeks of an oral treatment strategy including sitagliptin compared with an injectable treatment strategy with liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin: a randomised clinical tri
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glycated Hemogl | 2013 |
RETRACTED: Evaluation of the positive effects on insulin-resistance and β-cell measurements of vildagliptin in addition to metformin in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Adamantane; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fe | 2013 |
Tolerability and efficacy of glycemic control with saxagliptin in older patients (aged ≥ 65 years) with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analysis of Variance; Area Under Curve; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2013 |
Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once daily versus placebo in type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on pioglitazone (GetGoal-P).
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Monitoring; | 2013 |
Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once daily versus placebo in type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on pioglitazone (GetGoal-P).
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Monitoring; | 2013 |
Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once daily versus placebo in type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on pioglitazone (GetGoal-P).
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Monitoring; | 2013 |
Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once daily versus placebo in type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on pioglitazone (GetGoal-P).
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Monitoring; | 2013 |
Study design and rationale of a dose-ranging trial of LX4211, a dual inhibitor of SGLT1 and SGLT2, in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin monotherapy.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Clinical Protocols; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Femal | 2013 |
Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of remogliflozin etabonate, a novel SGLT2 inhibitor, and metformin when co-administered in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucosides; Glycosuria; | 2013 |
Saxagliptin vs. glipizide as add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin alone: long-term (52-week) extension of a 52-week randomised controlled trial.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Di | 2013 |
Comparative efficacy of exenatide versus insulin glargine on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients inadequately treated with metformin monotherapy.
Topics: Anthropometry; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; | 2013 |
Randomized trial of continuous subcutaneous delivery of exenatide by ITCA 650 versus twice-daily exenatide injections in metformin-treated type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Humans; H | 2013 |
Efficacy and safety of linagliptin added to metformin and sulphonylurea in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: a sub-analysis of data from a randomised clinical trial.
Topics: Aged; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2013 |
The lost correlation between leptin and CRP in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: C-Reactive Protein; Case-Control Studies; Demography; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2013 |
Rationale and design of the glycemia reduction approaches in diabetes: a comparative effectiveness study (GRADE).
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Comparative Effectiveness Research; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2013 |
Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once daily versus exenatide twice daily in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin: a 24-week, randomized, open-label, active-controlled study (GetGoal-X).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Hum | 2013 |
Effects of metformin, metformin plus rosiglitazone, and metformin plus lifestyle on insulin sensitivity and β-cell function in TODAY.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2013 |
Treatment effects on measures of body composition in the TODAY clinical trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; | 2013 |
Safety and tolerability of the treatment of youth-onset type 2 diabetes: the TODAY experience.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Female; Glycated Hem | 2013 |
Individualised treatment targets for elderly patients with type 2 diabetes using vildagliptin add-on or lone therapy (INTERVAL): a 24 week, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, C | 2013 |
Impact of diagnosis of diabetes on health-related quality of life among high risk individuals: the Diabetes Prevention Program outcomes study.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; | 2014 |
Impact of diagnosis of diabetes on health-related quality of life among high risk individuals: the Diabetes Prevention Program outcomes study.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; | 2014 |
Impact of diagnosis of diabetes on health-related quality of life among high risk individuals: the Diabetes Prevention Program outcomes study.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; | 2014 |
Impact of diagnosis of diabetes on health-related quality of life among high risk individuals: the Diabetes Prevention Program outcomes study.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; | 2014 |
Concomitant use of miglitol and mitiglinide as initial combination therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: 1-Deoxynojirimycin; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; F | 2013 |
Variation in inflammatory markers and glycemic parameters after 12 months of exenatide plus metformin treatment compared with metformin alone: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Aged; Arginine; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; C-Peptide; Chimerin Protein | 2013 |
Saxagliptin efficacy and safety in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease history or cardiovascular risk factors: results of a pooled analysis of phase 3 clinical trials.
Topics: Adamantane; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV | 2013 |
[Clinical efficacy of special effect san xiao decoction on type 2 diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dru | 2013 |
Differential effects of vildagliptin and glimepiride on glucose fluctuations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus assessed using continuous glucose monitoring.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitu | 2013 |
Differential effects of vildagliptin and glimepiride on glucose fluctuations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus assessed using continuous glucose monitoring.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitu | 2013 |
Differential effects of vildagliptin and glimepiride on glucose fluctuations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus assessed using continuous glucose monitoring.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitu | 2013 |
Differential effects of vildagliptin and glimepiride on glucose fluctuations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus assessed using continuous glucose monitoring.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitu | 2013 |
Effects of rosiglitazone on serum paraoxonase activity and metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Aryldialkylphosphatase; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabe | 2013 |
Long-term 4-year safety of saxagliptin in drug-naive and metformin-treated patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors | 2013 |
Long-term 4-year safety of saxagliptin in drug-naive and metformin-treated patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors | 2013 |
Long-term 4-year safety of saxagliptin in drug-naive and metformin-treated patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors | 2013 |
Long-term 4-year safety of saxagliptin in drug-naive and metformin-treated patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors | 2013 |
Insulin degludec once-daily in type 2 diabetes: simple or step-wise titration (BEGIN: once simple use).
Topics: Aged; Algorithms; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationsh | 2013 |
Eight weeks of treatment with long-acting GLP-1 analog taspoglutide improves postprandial insulin secretion and sensitivity in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2013 |
Respiratory effects of insulin sensitisation with metformin: a prospective observational study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dyspnea; Exercise Tolerance; Female; Hand S | 2014 |
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin versus glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin (CANTATA-SU): 52 week results from a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 non-inferiority trial.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2013 |
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin versus glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin (CANTATA-SU): 52 week results from a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 non-inferiority trial.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2013 |
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin versus glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin (CANTATA-SU): 52 week results from a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 non-inferiority trial.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2013 |
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin versus glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin (CANTATA-SU): 52 week results from a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 non-inferiority trial.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2013 |
Effects of metformin dose on cancer risk reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 6-year follow-up study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Fo | 2014 |
Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin, a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, as add-on to metformin in type 2 diabetes with mild hyperglycaemia.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind | 2013 |
Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin, a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, as add-on to metformin in type 2 diabetes with mild hyperglycaemia.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind | 2013 |
Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin, a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, as add-on to metformin in type 2 diabetes with mild hyperglycaemia.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind | 2013 |
Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin, a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, as add-on to metformin in type 2 diabetes with mild hyperglycaemia.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind | 2013 |
Empagliflozin improves glycaemic and weight control as add-on therapy to pioglitazone or pioglitazone plus metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Meth | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin maintains glycaemic control while reducing weight and body fat mass over 2 years in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Bone Density; Diabetes | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin maintains glycaemic control while reducing weight and body fat mass over 2 years in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Bone Density; Diabetes | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin maintains glycaemic control while reducing weight and body fat mass over 2 years in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Bone Density; Diabetes | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin maintains glycaemic control while reducing weight and body fat mass over 2 years in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Bone Density; Diabetes | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin maintains glycaemic control while reducing weight and body fat mass over 2 years in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Bone Density; Diabetes | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin maintains glycaemic control while reducing weight and body fat mass over 2 years in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Bone Density; Diabetes | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin maintains glycaemic control while reducing weight and body fat mass over 2 years in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Bone Density; Diabetes | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin maintains glycaemic control while reducing weight and body fat mass over 2 years in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Bone Density; Diabetes | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin maintains glycaemic control while reducing weight and body fat mass over 2 years in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Bone Density; Diabetes | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving high doses of insulin: efficacy and safety over 2 years.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving high doses of insulin: efficacy and safety over 2 years.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving high doses of insulin: efficacy and safety over 2 years.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving high doses of insulin: efficacy and safety over 2 years.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2014 |
A direct comparison of long- and short-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists (taspoglutide once weekly and exenatide twice daily) on postprandial metabolism after 24 weeks of treatment.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Female; Glu | 2014 |
Vitamin D supplementation in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 on different therapeutic regimens: a one-year prospective study.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Cholecalciferol; Diabe | 2013 |
Saxagliptin add-on therapy to insulin with or without metformin for type 2 diabetes mellitus: 52-week safety and efficacy.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV | 2013 |
The beneficial effect of metformin on β-cell function in non-obese Chinese subjects with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Area Under Curve; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glipi | 2013 |
Efficacy and safety of combination therapy with vildagliptin and metformin versus metformin up-titration in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: study design and rationale of the vision study.
Topics: Adamantane; Age Factors; Asian People; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; China; Clinical Protocols; Diabe | 2013 |
Empagliflozin as add-on to metformin plus sulfonylurea in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2013 |
Empagliflozin as add-on to metformin plus sulfonylurea in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2013 |
Empagliflozin as add-on to metformin plus sulfonylurea in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2013 |
Empagliflozin as add-on to metformin plus sulfonylurea in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2013 |
Lifestyle and metformin treatment favorably influence lipoprotein subfraction distribution in the Diabetes Prevention Program.
Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2013 |
Long-term effects of metformin on endothelial function in type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Monitoring; Drug Therapy, Combination; Endothelium | 2014 |
Effects of exenatide and metformin in combination on some adipocytokine levels: a comparison with metformin monotherapy.
Topics: Adipokines; Analysis of Variance; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Chi-Square Distributio | 2013 |
Short-term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion combined with insulin sensitizers rosiglitazone, metformin, or antioxidant α-lipoic acid in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antioxidants; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, | 2013 |
Acarbose plus metformin fixed-dose combination outperforms acarbose monotherapy for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Acarbose; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Fem | 2013 |
Rationale, design and baseline characteristics of a 4-year (208-week) phase III trial of empagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, versus glimepiride as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with insufficient glycemic control.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Biomarkers; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Clinical Protocols; Diabete | 2013 |
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin compared with placebo and sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes on background metformin monotherapy: a randomised trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Diab | 2013 |
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin compared with placebo and sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes on background metformin monotherapy: a randomised trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Diab | 2013 |
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin compared with placebo and sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes on background metformin monotherapy: a randomised trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Diab | 2013 |
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin compared with placebo and sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes on background metformin monotherapy: a randomised trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Diab | 2013 |
Feasibility of closed-loop insulin delivery in type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Carbo | 2014 |
Impact of sex on the heart's metabolic and functional responses to diabetic therapies.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Chi-Square Distribution; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diastole; Dietary Suppleme | 2013 |
A comparative study of the effects of a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor and sulfonylurea on glucose variability in patients with type 2 diabetes with inadequate glycemic control on metformin.
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D | 2013 |
Effects of adding linagliptin to basal insulin regimen for inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes: a ≥52-week randomized, double-blind study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blin | 2013 |
Impact of interleukin-1β antibody (canakinumab) on glycaemic indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: results of secondary endpoints from a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Area Under Curve | 2013 |
Variations in inflammatory biomarkers following the addition of sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes not controlled with metformin.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Bli | 2013 |
Association of hypoglycemic treatment regimens with cardiovascular outcomes in overweight and obese subjects with type 2 diabetes: a substudy of the SCOUT trial.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Protocols; Cyclobutanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; | 2013 |
Exenatide once weekly versus daily basal insulin as add-on treatment to metformin with or without a sulfonylurea: a retrospective pooled analysis in patients with poor glycemic control.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; E | 2013 |
Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once daily vs. placebo in people with Type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on metformin (GetGoal-F1).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2014 |
Initial combination of linagliptin and metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: efficacy and safety in a randomised, double-blind 1-year extension study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Comb | 2013 |
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with metformin and sulphonylurea: a randomised trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Canagliflozin; Diabetes M | 2013 |
Metabolic syndrome components and their response to lifestyle and metformin interventions are associated with differences in diabetes risk in persons with impaired glucose tolerance.
Topics: Age Factors; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathie | 2014 |
Activin A is associated with impaired myocardial glucose metabolism and left ventricular remodeling in patients with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Activins; Adipose Tissue; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Cardiomyop | 2013 |
Metformin, but not rosiglitazone, attenuates the increasing plasma levels of a new cardiovascular marker, fibulin-1, in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Cardiovascular System; Diabetes Me | 2014 |
[A combination of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor and metformin in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: effective control of glycemia, weight, and quantitative body composition].
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adamantane; Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; D | 2013 |
Dapagliflozin is effective as add-on therapy to sitagliptin with or without metformin: a 24-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double- | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin is effective as add-on therapy to sitagliptin with or without metformin: a 24-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double- | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin is effective as add-on therapy to sitagliptin with or without metformin: a 24-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double- | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin is effective as add-on therapy to sitagliptin with or without metformin: a 24-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double- | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin is effective as add-on therapy to sitagliptin with or without metformin: a 24-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double- | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin is effective as add-on therapy to sitagliptin with or without metformin: a 24-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double- | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin is effective as add-on therapy to sitagliptin with or without metformin: a 24-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double- | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin is effective as add-on therapy to sitagliptin with or without metformin: a 24-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double- | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin is effective as add-on therapy to sitagliptin with or without metformin: a 24-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double- | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin is effective as add-on therapy to sitagliptin with or without metformin: a 24-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double- | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin is effective as add-on therapy to sitagliptin with or without metformin: a 24-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double- | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin is effective as add-on therapy to sitagliptin with or without metformin: a 24-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double- | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin is effective as add-on therapy to sitagliptin with or without metformin: a 24-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double- | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin is effective as add-on therapy to sitagliptin with or without metformin: a 24-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double- | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin is effective as add-on therapy to sitagliptin with or without metformin: a 24-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double- | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin is effective as add-on therapy to sitagliptin with or without metformin: a 24-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double- | 2014 |
Exenatide twice daily versus insulin glargine for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in Poland - subgroup data from a randomised multinational trial GWAA.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Sch | 2013 |
Effects of sitagliptin and metformin treatment on incretin hormone and insulin secretory responses to oral and "isoglycemic" intravenous glucose.
Topics: Administration, Intravesical; Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; | 2014 |
Long-term safety and efficacy of empagliflozin, sitagliptin, and metformin: an active-controlled, parallel-group, randomized, 78-week open-label extension study in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Respon | 2013 |
Restoring Insulin Secretion (RISE): design of studies of β-cell preservation in prediabetes and early type 2 diabetes across the life span.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Arginine; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug | 2014 |
Restoring Insulin Secretion (RISE): design of studies of β-cell preservation in prediabetes and early type 2 diabetes across the life span.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Arginine; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug | 2014 |
Restoring Insulin Secretion (RISE): design of studies of β-cell preservation in prediabetes and early type 2 diabetes across the life span.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Arginine; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug | 2014 |
Restoring Insulin Secretion (RISE): design of studies of β-cell preservation in prediabetes and early type 2 diabetes across the life span.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Arginine; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug | 2014 |
Restoring Insulin Secretion (RISE): design of studies of β-cell preservation in prediabetes and early type 2 diabetes across the life span.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Arginine; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug | 2014 |
Restoring Insulin Secretion (RISE): design of studies of β-cell preservation in prediabetes and early type 2 diabetes across the life span.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Arginine; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug | 2014 |
Restoring Insulin Secretion (RISE): design of studies of β-cell preservation in prediabetes and early type 2 diabetes across the life span.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Arginine; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug | 2014 |
Restoring Insulin Secretion (RISE): design of studies of β-cell preservation in prediabetes and early type 2 diabetes across the life span.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Arginine; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug | 2014 |
Restoring Insulin Secretion (RISE): design of studies of β-cell preservation in prediabetes and early type 2 diabetes across the life span.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Arginine; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug | 2014 |
Intensive insulin therapy increases sex hormone-binding globulin in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; gamma-Glutamy | 2014 |
Efficacy and safety of vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with dual combination of metformin and sulphonylurea.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitu | 2014 |
Efficacy and safety of vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with dual combination of metformin and sulphonylurea.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitu | 2014 |
Efficacy and safety of vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with dual combination of metformin and sulphonylurea.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitu | 2014 |
Efficacy and safety of vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with dual combination of metformin and sulphonylurea.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitu | 2014 |
A randomized controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of saxagliptin as add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycaemic control on metformin plus a sulphonylurea.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Australia; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Canada; Diabetes Mellitus | 2014 |
Changes in insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion with the sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2014 |
Dose response of continuous subcutaneous infusion of recombinant glucagon-like peptide-1 in combination with metformin and sulphonylurea over 12 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2014 |
Rationale, design, and organization of a randomized, controlled Trial Evaluating Cardiovascular Outcomes with Sitagliptin (TECOS) in patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angina, Unstable; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Doubl | 2013 |
[Hepatocellular carcinoma - metformin reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes in a dose-dependent manner].
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; | 2013 |
Efficacy of metformin versus insulin in the management of pregnancy with diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Fasting; Female; Huma | 2013 |
Acetylsalicylic acid therapy: influence of metformin use and other variables on urinary 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 levels.
Topics: Aspirin; Biological Transport; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2014 |
Common variation at PPARGC1A/B and change in body composition and metabolic traits following preventive interventions: the Diabetes Prevention Program.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Carrier Proteins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2014 |
Effects of aerobic exercise with or without metformin on plasma incretins in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise Therapy; Female; | 2013 |
Effect of once-daily insulin detemir on oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) use in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; | 2014 |
Effect of once-daily insulin detemir on oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) use in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; | 2014 |
Effect of once-daily insulin detemir on oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) use in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; | 2014 |
Effect of once-daily insulin detemir on oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) use in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; | 2014 |
[Efficacy and safety of vildagliptin as a second-line therapy vs other oral antidiabetic agents in patients with type 2 diabetes: Czech results within the worldwide prospective cohort EDGE study].
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Czech Republic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Co | 2013 |
A randomized controlled trial comparing the GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide to a sulphonylurea as add on to metformin in patients with established type 2 diabetes during Ramadan: the Treat 4 Ramadan Trial.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fasting; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide | 2014 |
Urinary tract infection in randomized phase III studies of canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canagliflozi | 2014 |
Saxagliptin versus glipizide as add-on therapy to metformin: assessment of hypoglycemia.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptid | 2014 |
Efficacy and safety of initial combination therapy with alogliptin plus metformin versus either as monotherapy in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, 6-month study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2014 |
Exenatide improves type 2 diabetes concomitant with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; C-React | 2013 |
Comparison of acarbose and voglibose in diabetes patients who are inadequately controlled with basal insulin treatment: randomized, parallel, open-label, active-controlled study.
Topics: Acarbose; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; | 2014 |
Statins in low doses reduce VEGF and bFGF serum levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Deoxyglucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fibroblast Growth | 2014 |
A comparison of adding liraglutide versus a single daily dose of insulin aspart to insulin degludec in subjects with type 2 diabetes (BEGIN: VICTOZA ADD-ON).
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Combin | 2014 |
Changes in weight loss-related quality of life among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with dapagliflozin.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, C | 2014 |
A phase II, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multi-dose study of SRT2104, a SIRT1 activator, in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blin | 2014 |
Alterations in left ventricular, left atrial, and right ventricular structure and function to cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents with type 2 diabetes participating in the TODAY clinical trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Atrial Function, Left; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabet | 2015 |
Effect of linagliptin compared with glimepiride on postprandial glucose metabolism, islet cell function and vascular function parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving ongoing metformin treatment.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, C | 2014 |
Effects of Juglans regia L. leaf extract on hyperglycemia and lipid profiles in type two diabetic patients: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glyburide; Glyca | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin improves muscle insulin sensitivity but enhances endogenous glucose production.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Glucagon; Gluc | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin improves muscle insulin sensitivity but enhances endogenous glucose production.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Glucagon; Gluc | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin improves muscle insulin sensitivity but enhances endogenous glucose production.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Glucagon; Gluc | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin improves muscle insulin sensitivity but enhances endogenous glucose production.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Glucagon; Gluc | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin improves muscle insulin sensitivity but enhances endogenous glucose production.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Glucagon; Gluc | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin improves muscle insulin sensitivity but enhances endogenous glucose production.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Glucagon; Gluc | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin improves muscle insulin sensitivity but enhances endogenous glucose production.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Glucagon; Gluc | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin improves muscle insulin sensitivity but enhances endogenous glucose production.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Glucagon; Gluc | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin improves muscle insulin sensitivity but enhances endogenous glucose production.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Glucagon; Gluc | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin improves muscle insulin sensitivity but enhances endogenous glucose production.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Glucagon; Gluc | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin improves muscle insulin sensitivity but enhances endogenous glucose production.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Glucagon; Gluc | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin improves muscle insulin sensitivity but enhances endogenous glucose production.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Glucagon; Gluc | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin improves muscle insulin sensitivity but enhances endogenous glucose production.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Glucagon; Gluc | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin improves muscle insulin sensitivity but enhances endogenous glucose production.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Glucagon; Gluc | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin improves muscle insulin sensitivity but enhances endogenous glucose production.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Glucagon; Gluc | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin improves muscle insulin sensitivity but enhances endogenous glucose production.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Glucagon; Gluc | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Metabolic response to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry; Diabetes | 2014 |
Profiling of circulating microRNAs reveals common microRNAs linked to type 2 diabetes that change with insulin sensitization.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blin | 2014 |
Adding glimepiride to insulin+metformin in type 2 diabetes of more than 10 years' duration--a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therap | 2014 |
Health status and hypoglycaemia with insulin degludec versus insulin glargine: a 2-year trial in insulin-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Administration Sc | 2014 |
Health-related quality of life (EQ-5D) among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with dapagliflozin over 2 years.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Com | 2014 |
Attainment of diabetes-related quality measures with canagliflozin versus sitagliptin.
Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Canagliflozin; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2014 |
Pharmacodynamics of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide in Japanese and Caucasian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus poorly controlled on sulphonylureas with/without metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asian People; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Dr | 2014 |
Both glimepiride and high-dose metformin are important for sustained glucose lowering in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients on glimepiride-sitagliptin-metformin therapy: subanalysis of a single-center, open-label, randomized study.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2014 |
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin over 52 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes on background metformin and pioglitazone.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Canagliflozin; Candidiasis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diuretics, Osm | 2014 |
Circulating natriuretic peptide concentrations reflect changes in insulin sensitivity over time in the Diabetes Prevention Program.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adiposity; Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellit | 2014 |
The association of basal insulin glargine and/or n-3 fatty acids with incident cancers in patients with dysglycemia.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Female; | 2014 |
Canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, improves model-based indices of beta cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method | 2014 |
Canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, improves model-based indices of beta cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method | 2014 |
Canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, improves model-based indices of beta cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method | 2014 |
Canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, improves model-based indices of beta cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method | 2014 |
Canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, improves model-based indices of beta cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method | 2014 |
Canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, improves model-based indices of beta cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method | 2014 |
Canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, improves model-based indices of beta cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method | 2014 |
Canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, improves model-based indices of beta cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method | 2014 |
Canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, improves model-based indices of beta cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method | 2014 |
The effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in treatment of obese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes | 2013 |
Metformin decreases glycated albumin to glycated haemoglobin ratio in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule | 2015 |
Comparison between the therapeutic effect of metformin, glimepiride and their combination as an add-on treatment to insulin glargine in uncontrolled patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response | 2014 |
Acarbose compared with metformin as initial therapy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: an open-label, non-inferiority randomised trial.
Topics: Acarbose; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gly | 2014 |
Effect of vildagliptin add-on treatment to metformin on plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Arginine; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptida | 2014 |
Lixisenatide treatment improves glycaemic control in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin with or without sulfonylurea: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 24-week trial (GetGoal-M-Asia).
Topics: Adult; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Mult | 2014 |
Effects of sitagliptin on glycemia, incretin hormones, and antropyloroduodenal motility in response to intraduodenal glucose infusion in healthy lean and obese humans and patients with type 2 diabetes treated with or without metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ene | 2014 |
Tumour-educated macrophages display a mixed polarisation and enhance pancreatic cancer cell invasion.
Topics: CD11c Antigen; Cell Line, Tumor; Coculture Techniques; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose; H | 2014 |
Efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double blind, randomized comparison with pioglitazone.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; | 2014 |
Metformin does not attenuate the acute insulin-sensitizing effect of a single bout of exercise in individuals with insulin resistance.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise Therapy; Female; Human | 2014 |
Metformin does not attenuate the acute insulin-sensitizing effect of a single bout of exercise in individuals with insulin resistance.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise Therapy; Female; Human | 2014 |
Metformin does not attenuate the acute insulin-sensitizing effect of a single bout of exercise in individuals with insulin resistance.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise Therapy; Female; Human | 2014 |
Metformin does not attenuate the acute insulin-sensitizing effect of a single bout of exercise in individuals with insulin resistance.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise Therapy; Female; Human | 2014 |
Comparison of repaglinide and metformin monotherapy as an initial therapy in Chinese patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response | 2014 |
Gut hormone pharmacology of a novel GPR119 agonist (GSK1292263), metformin, and sitagliptin in type 2 diabetes mellitus: results from two randomized studies.
Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug T | 2014 |
Gut hormone pharmacology of a novel GPR119 agonist (GSK1292263), metformin, and sitagliptin in type 2 diabetes mellitus: results from two randomized studies.
Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug T | 2014 |
Gut hormone pharmacology of a novel GPR119 agonist (GSK1292263), metformin, and sitagliptin in type 2 diabetes mellitus: results from two randomized studies.
Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug T | 2014 |
Gut hormone pharmacology of a novel GPR119 agonist (GSK1292263), metformin, and sitagliptin in type 2 diabetes mellitus: results from two randomized studies.
Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug T | 2014 |
Youth-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus: lessons learned from the TODAY study.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Child; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy | 2014 |
Comparison of effects of gliclazide, metformin and pioglitazone monotherapies on glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with newly diagnosed uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gliclazide; Humans; Hypogly | 2014 |
Effect of metformin on methylglyoxal metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lactoylglutathione Lyase; Mal | 2014 |
Empagliflozin as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2014 |
Can a selective PPARγ modulator improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes with fewer side effects compared with pioglitazone?
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blin | 2014 |
Insulin lispro low mixture twice daily versus basal insulin glargine once daily and prandial insulin lispro once daily in patients with type 2 diabetes requiring insulin intensification: a randomized phase IV trial.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; | 2014 |
Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide versus sitagliptin after 52 weeks in type 2 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial (AWARD-5).
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Metho | 2014 |
Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide versus sitagliptin after 52 weeks in type 2 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial (AWARD-5).
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Metho | 2014 |
Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide versus sitagliptin after 52 weeks in type 2 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial (AWARD-5).
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Metho | 2014 |
Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide versus sitagliptin after 52 weeks in type 2 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial (AWARD-5).
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Metho | 2014 |
Dose-finding results in an adaptive, seamless, randomized trial of once-weekly dulaglutide combined with metformin in type 2 diabetes patients (AWARD-5).
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Obesity Agents; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2014 |
Comparison of metformin and repaglinide monotherapy in the treatment of new onset type 2 diabetes mellitus in China.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Carbamates; China; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diab | 2014 |
Efficacy of metformin-based oral antidiabetic drugs is not inferior to insulin glargine in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients with severe hyperglycemia after short-term intensive insulin therapy.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-U | 2015 |
Linagliptin improved glycaemic control without weight gain or hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by a combination of metformin and pioglitazone: a 24-week randomized, double-blind study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2014 |
Lifestyle and metformin interventions have a durable effect to lower CRP and tPA levels in the diabetes prevention program except in those who develop diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body Weight; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; | 2014 |
Comparison of vildagliptin and glimepiride: effects on glycaemic control, fat tolerance and inflammatory markers in people with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Adiponectin; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Cholesterol, HDL; Chol | 2014 |
Long-term changes in dietary and food intake behaviour in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Diet, Reducing; Dietary Fats; Dietary Fiber; | 2014 |
Safety, efficacy and weight effect of two 11β-HSD1 inhibitors in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1; Adult; Aged; Austria; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Pep | 2014 |
Efficacy and safety comparison of add-on therapy with liraglutide, saxagliptin and vildagliptin, all in combination with current conventional oral hypoglycemic agents therapy in poorly controlled Chinese type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipep | 2014 |
Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide monotherapy versus metformin in type 2 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial (AWARD-3).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glu | 2014 |
Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide monotherapy versus metformin in type 2 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial (AWARD-3).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glu | 2014 |
Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide monotherapy versus metformin in type 2 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial (AWARD-3).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glu | 2014 |
Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide monotherapy versus metformin in type 2 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial (AWARD-3).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glu | 2014 |
Metformin may produce antidepressant effects through improvement of cognitive function among depressed patients with diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Cognition; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; | 2014 |
Study to determine the durability of glycaemic control with early treatment with a vildagliptin-metformin combination regimen vs. standard-of-care metformin monotherapy-the VERIFY trial: a randomized double-blind trial.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidas | 2014 |
Vildagliptin compared to glimepiride on post-prandial lipemia and on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method | 2014 |
Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide added onto pioglitazone and metformin versus exenatide in type 2 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial (AWARD-1).
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2014 |
A pilot randomized, controlled trial of metformin versus insulin in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus during pregnancy.
Topics: Adult; Birth Weight; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dystocia; Female; Fetal Macrosomia; G | 2015 |
Advancing basal insulin replacement in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with insulin glargine plus oral agents: a comparison of adding albiglutide, a weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist, versus thrice-daily prandial insulin lispro.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Sch | 2014 |
Advancing basal insulin replacement in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with insulin glargine plus oral agents: a comparison of adding albiglutide, a weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist, versus thrice-daily prandial insulin lispro.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Sch | 2014 |
Advancing basal insulin replacement in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with insulin glargine plus oral agents: a comparison of adding albiglutide, a weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist, versus thrice-daily prandial insulin lispro.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Sch | 2014 |
Advancing basal insulin replacement in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with insulin glargine plus oral agents: a comparison of adding albiglutide, a weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist, versus thrice-daily prandial insulin lispro.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Sch | 2014 |
Advancing basal insulin replacement in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with insulin glargine plus oral agents: a comparison of adding albiglutide, a weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist, versus thrice-daily prandial insulin lispro.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Sch | 2014 |
Advancing basal insulin replacement in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with insulin glargine plus oral agents: a comparison of adding albiglutide, a weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist, versus thrice-daily prandial insulin lispro.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Sch | 2014 |
Advancing basal insulin replacement in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with insulin glargine plus oral agents: a comparison of adding albiglutide, a weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist, versus thrice-daily prandial insulin lispro.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Sch | 2014 |
Advancing basal insulin replacement in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with insulin glargine plus oral agents: a comparison of adding albiglutide, a weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist, versus thrice-daily prandial insulin lispro.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Sch | 2014 |
Advancing basal insulin replacement in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with insulin glargine plus oral agents: a comparison of adding albiglutide, a weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist, versus thrice-daily prandial insulin lispro.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Sch | 2014 |
HARMONY 3: 104-week randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled trial assessing the efficacy and safety of albiglutide compared with placebo, sitagliptin, and glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes taking metformin.
Topics: Aged; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female | 2014 |
Effects of rosiglitazone vs metformin on circulating osteoclast and osteogenic precursor cells in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Bone Remodeling; Cell Lineage; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Doubl | 2014 |
Effect of exogenously administered glucagon versus spontaneous endogenous counter-regulation on glycaemic recovery from insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with a novel glucokinase activator, AZD1656, and metformin.
Topics: Azetidines; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Catecholamines; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2014 |
Durability of glycaemic efficacy over 2 years with dapagliflozin versus glipizide as add-on therapies in patients whose type 2 diabetes mellitus is inadequately controlled with metformin.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Re | 2014 |
Durability of glycaemic efficacy over 2 years with dapagliflozin versus glipizide as add-on therapies in patients whose type 2 diabetes mellitus is inadequately controlled with metformin.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Re | 2014 |
Durability of glycaemic efficacy over 2 years with dapagliflozin versus glipizide as add-on therapies in patients whose type 2 diabetes mellitus is inadequately controlled with metformin.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Re | 2014 |
Durability of glycaemic efficacy over 2 years with dapagliflozin versus glipizide as add-on therapies in patients whose type 2 diabetes mellitus is inadequately controlled with metformin.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Re | 2014 |
Ipragliflozin in combination with metformin for the treatment of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: ILLUMINATE, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Aged; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug | 2015 |
Improved glucose control with weight loss, lower insulin doses, and no increased hypoglycemia with empagliflozin added to titrated multiple daily injections of insulin in obese inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Dr | 2014 |
Improved glucose control with weight loss, lower insulin doses, and no increased hypoglycemia with empagliflozin added to titrated multiple daily injections of insulin in obese inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Dr | 2014 |
Improved glucose control with weight loss, lower insulin doses, and no increased hypoglycemia with empagliflozin added to titrated multiple daily injections of insulin in obese inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Dr | 2014 |
Improved glucose control with weight loss, lower insulin doses, and no increased hypoglycemia with empagliflozin added to titrated multiple daily injections of insulin in obese inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Dr | 2014 |
Improved glucose control with weight loss, lower insulin doses, and no increased hypoglycemia with empagliflozin added to titrated multiple daily injections of insulin in obese inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Dr | 2014 |
Improved glucose control with weight loss, lower insulin doses, and no increased hypoglycemia with empagliflozin added to titrated multiple daily injections of insulin in obese inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Dr | 2014 |
Improved glucose control with weight loss, lower insulin doses, and no increased hypoglycemia with empagliflozin added to titrated multiple daily injections of insulin in obese inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Dr | 2014 |
Improved glucose control with weight loss, lower insulin doses, and no increased hypoglycemia with empagliflozin added to titrated multiple daily injections of insulin in obese inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Dr | 2014 |
Improved glucose control with weight loss, lower insulin doses, and no increased hypoglycemia with empagliflozin added to titrated multiple daily injections of insulin in obese inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Dr | 2014 |
Improved glucose control with weight loss, lower insulin doses, and no increased hypoglycemia with empagliflozin added to titrated multiple daily injections of insulin in obese inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Dr | 2014 |
Improved glucose control with weight loss, lower insulin doses, and no increased hypoglycemia with empagliflozin added to titrated multiple daily injections of insulin in obese inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Dr | 2014 |
Improved glucose control with weight loss, lower insulin doses, and no increased hypoglycemia with empagliflozin added to titrated multiple daily injections of insulin in obese inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Dr | 2014 |
Improved glucose control with weight loss, lower insulin doses, and no increased hypoglycemia with empagliflozin added to titrated multiple daily injections of insulin in obese inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Dr | 2014 |
Improved glucose control with weight loss, lower insulin doses, and no increased hypoglycemia with empagliflozin added to titrated multiple daily injections of insulin in obese inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Dr | 2014 |
Improved glucose control with weight loss, lower insulin doses, and no increased hypoglycemia with empagliflozin added to titrated multiple daily injections of insulin in obese inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Dr | 2014 |
Improved glucose control with weight loss, lower insulin doses, and no increased hypoglycemia with empagliflozin added to titrated multiple daily injections of insulin in obese inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Dr | 2014 |
Effect of the sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor canagliflozin on plasma volume in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Dia | 2014 |
Saxagliptin improves glycemic control by modulating postprandial glucagon and C-peptide levels in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Asian People; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidy | 2014 |
Comparison of empagliflozin and glimepiride as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 104-week randomised, active-controlled, double-blind, phase 3 trial.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, D | 2014 |
Comparison of empagliflozin and glimepiride as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 104-week randomised, active-controlled, double-blind, phase 3 trial.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, D | 2014 |
Comparison of empagliflozin and glimepiride as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 104-week randomised, active-controlled, double-blind, phase 3 trial.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, D | 2014 |
Comparison of empagliflozin and glimepiride as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 104-week randomised, active-controlled, double-blind, phase 3 trial.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, D | 2014 |
Comparison of empagliflozin and glimepiride as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 104-week randomised, active-controlled, double-blind, phase 3 trial.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, D | 2014 |
Comparison of empagliflozin and glimepiride as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 104-week randomised, active-controlled, double-blind, phase 3 trial.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, D | 2014 |
Comparison of empagliflozin and glimepiride as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 104-week randomised, active-controlled, double-blind, phase 3 trial.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, D | 2014 |
Comparison of empagliflozin and glimepiride as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 104-week randomised, active-controlled, double-blind, phase 3 trial.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, D | 2014 |
Comparison of empagliflozin and glimepiride as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 104-week randomised, active-controlled, double-blind, phase 3 trial.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, D | 2014 |
Comparison of empagliflozin and glimepiride as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 104-week randomised, active-controlled, double-blind, phase 3 trial.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, D | 2014 |
Comparison of empagliflozin and glimepiride as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 104-week randomised, active-controlled, double-blind, phase 3 trial.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, D | 2014 |
Comparison of empagliflozin and glimepiride as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 104-week randomised, active-controlled, double-blind, phase 3 trial.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, D | 2014 |
Comparison of empagliflozin and glimepiride as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 104-week randomised, active-controlled, double-blind, phase 3 trial.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, D | 2014 |
Comparison of empagliflozin and glimepiride as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 104-week randomised, active-controlled, double-blind, phase 3 trial.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, D | 2014 |
Comparison of empagliflozin and glimepiride as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 104-week randomised, active-controlled, double-blind, phase 3 trial.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, D | 2014 |
Comparison of empagliflozin and glimepiride as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 104-week randomised, active-controlled, double-blind, phase 3 trial.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, D | 2014 |
Effect of fat loss on arterial elasticity in obese adolescents with clinical insulin resistance: RESIST study.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adipose Tissue; Adolescent; Body Composition; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2014 |
Modulation of insulin dose titration using a hypoglycaemia-sensitive algorithm: insulin glargine versus neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin in insulin-naïve people with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Asia; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Circadian Rhythm; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Dosage | 2015 |
Study of optimal basal insulin glargine dose requirement in Indian population as an add on therapy to oral hypoglycaemic agents to achieve target fasting blood glucose levels.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fasting; Female; H | 2013 |
Improved Insulin Secretion by Autologous Islet Transplantation, Compared to Oral Antidiabetic Agents, After Distal Pancreatectomy.
Topics: Adamantane; Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gly | 2015 |
Novel gut-based pharmacology of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bile Acids and Salts; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glu | 2014 |
Effect of piglitazone and metformin on retinol-binding protein-4 and adiponectin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with non-alcohol fatty acid liver diseases.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Male; Metformin; M | 2014 |
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist or bolus insulin with optimized basal insulin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Exenatide | 2014 |
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist or bolus insulin with optimized basal insulin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Exenatide | 2014 |
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist or bolus insulin with optimized basal insulin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Exenatide | 2014 |
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist or bolus insulin with optimized basal insulin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Exenatide | 2014 |
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist or bolus insulin with optimized basal insulin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Exenatide | 2014 |
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist or bolus insulin with optimized basal insulin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Exenatide | 2014 |
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist or bolus insulin with optimized basal insulin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Exenatide | 2014 |
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist or bolus insulin with optimized basal insulin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Exenatide | 2014 |
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist or bolus insulin with optimized basal insulin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Exenatide | 2014 |
Lipid profiling reveals different therapeutic effects of metformin and glipizide in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Doub | 2014 |
Once-weekly dulaglutide versus once-daily liraglutide in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes (AWARD-6): a randomised, open-label, phase 3, non-inferiority trial.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Fastin | 2014 |
Once-weekly dulaglutide versus once-daily liraglutide in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes (AWARD-6): a randomised, open-label, phase 3, non-inferiority trial.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Fastin | 2014 |
Once-weekly dulaglutide versus once-daily liraglutide in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes (AWARD-6): a randomised, open-label, phase 3, non-inferiority trial.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Fastin | 2014 |
Once-weekly dulaglutide versus once-daily liraglutide in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes (AWARD-6): a randomised, open-label, phase 3, non-inferiority trial.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Fastin | 2014 |
Adding liraglutide to the backbone therapy of biguanide in patients with coronary artery disease and newly diagnosed type-2 diabetes (the AddHope2 study): a randomised controlled study protocol.
Topics: Coronary Artery Disease; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Th | 2014 |
Metformin reduces circulating malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lipoproteins, L | 2014 |
Canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, reduces post-meal glucose excursion in patients with type 2 diabetes by a non-renal mechanism: results of a randomized trial.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Canagliflozin; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Fa | 2014 |
Contribution of liraglutide in the fixed-ratio combination of insulin degludec and liraglutide (IDegLira).
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy | 2014 |
Efficacy and safety of oral methazolamide in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, placebo-controlled, double-blind study.
Topics: Aged; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glycate | 2014 |
Durability of the efficacy and safety of alogliptin compared with glipizide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 2-year study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase | 2014 |
Comparative effects of metformin and pioglitazone on YKL-40 in type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial.
Topics: Adipokines; Biomarkers; Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; | 2014 |
MARCH2: comparative assessment of therapeutic effects of acarbose and metformin in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients.
Topics: Acarbose; Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Glycoside Hydro | 2014 |
Efficacy and safety of once-weekly glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist albiglutide (HARMONY 1 trial): 52-week primary endpoint results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus not controlled
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Th | 2014 |
Effects of different doses of metformin treatment for 6 months on aberrant crypt foci in Chinese patients with impaired glucose tolerance.
Topics: Aberrant Crypt Foci; Adult; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; | 2015 |
Mechanism of increase in plasma intact GLP-1 by metformin in type 2 diabetes: stimulation of GLP-1 secretion or reduction in plasma DPP-4 activity?
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Glucagon-Like | 2014 |
Canagliflozin in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes on metformin alone or metformin in combination with sulphonylurea.
Topics: Aged; Canagliflozin; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blin | 2015 |
Twice-daily dapagliflozin co-administered with metformin in type 2 diabetes: a 16-week randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | 2015 |
Canagliflozin provides durable glycemic improvements and body weight reduction over 104 weeks versus glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes on metformin: a randomized, double-blind, phase 3 study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Ther | 2015 |
HARMONY 4: randomised clinical trial comparing once-weekly albiglutide and insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin with or without sulfonylurea.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administr | 2014 |
HARMONY 4: randomised clinical trial comparing once-weekly albiglutide and insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin with or without sulfonylurea.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administr | 2014 |
HARMONY 4: randomised clinical trial comparing once-weekly albiglutide and insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin with or without sulfonylurea.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administr | 2014 |
HARMONY 4: randomised clinical trial comparing once-weekly albiglutide and insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin with or without sulfonylurea.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administr | 2014 |
Greater dose-ranging effects on A1C levels than on glucosuria with LX4211, a dual inhibitor of SGLT1 and SGLT2, in patients with type 2 diabetes on metformin monotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Adm | 2015 |
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of single-dose Canakinumab in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Biomarkers; C-Re | 2014 |
Restoration of the insulinotropic effect of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide contributes to the antidiabetic effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.
Topics: C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; Drug | 2015 |
Weight loss increases follicle stimulating hormone in overweight postmenopausal women [corrected].
Topics: Aged; Behavior Therapy; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Estradiol; Female; Follicle Stimulat | 2015 |
Initial combination of linagliptin and metformin compared with linagliptin monotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and marked hyperglycaemia: a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, parallel group, multinational clinical trial.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; D | 2015 |
[Effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pepti | 2014 |
A pharmacogenetic association between a variation in calpain 10 (CAPN10) gene and the response to metformin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Calpain; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2015 |
Addition of sitagliptin or metformin to insulin monotherapy improves blood glucose control via different effects on insulin and glucagon secretion in hyperglycemic Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Resistance; Drug Therapy, | 2015 |
Metformin powder formulation compared to metformin tablets on glycemic control and on treatment satisfaction in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2015 |
HbA1c as a predictor of diabetes and as an outcome in the diabetes prevention program: a randomized clinical trial.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follo | 2015 |
HbA1c as a predictor of diabetes and as an outcome in the diabetes prevention program: a randomized clinical trial.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follo | 2015 |
HbA1c as a predictor of diabetes and as an outcome in the diabetes prevention program: a randomized clinical trial.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follo | 2015 |
HbA1c as a predictor of diabetes and as an outcome in the diabetes prevention program: a randomized clinical trial.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follo | 2015 |
Dual add-on therapy in type 2 diabetes poorly controlled with metformin monotherapy: a randomized double-blind trial of saxagliptin plus dapagliflozin addition versus single addition of saxagliptin or dapagliflozin to metformin.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; | 2015 |
Dual add-on therapy in type 2 diabetes poorly controlled with metformin monotherapy: a randomized double-blind trial of saxagliptin plus dapagliflozin addition versus single addition of saxagliptin or dapagliflozin to metformin.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; | 2015 |
Dual add-on therapy in type 2 diabetes poorly controlled with metformin monotherapy: a randomized double-blind trial of saxagliptin plus dapagliflozin addition versus single addition of saxagliptin or dapagliflozin to metformin.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; | 2015 |
Dual add-on therapy in type 2 diabetes poorly controlled with metformin monotherapy: a randomized double-blind trial of saxagliptin plus dapagliflozin addition versus single addition of saxagliptin or dapagliflozin to metformin.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; | 2015 |
Comparison of insulin glargine and liraglutide added to oral agents in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2015 |
Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin monotherapy in people with Type 2 diabetes: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled 102-week trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2015 |
Liraglutide reduces oxidative stress and restores heme oxygenase-1 and ghrelin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes: a prospective pilot study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Ghrelin; Glucagon-Like Pe | 2015 |
Liraglutide reduces oxidative stress and restores heme oxygenase-1 and ghrelin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes: a prospective pilot study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Ghrelin; Glucagon-Like Pe | 2015 |
Liraglutide reduces oxidative stress and restores heme oxygenase-1 and ghrelin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes: a prospective pilot study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Ghrelin; Glucagon-Like Pe | 2015 |
Liraglutide reduces oxidative stress and restores heme oxygenase-1 and ghrelin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes: a prospective pilot study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Ghrelin; Glucagon-Like Pe | 2015 |
Efficacy and tolerability of albiglutide versus placebo or pioglitazone over 1 year in people with type 2 diabetes currently taking metformin and glimepiride: HARMONY 5.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; D | 2015 |
Glycemic effects and safety of L-Glutamine supplementation with or without sitagliptin in type 2 diabetes patients-a randomized study.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, C | 2014 |
Saxagliptin efficacy and safety in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus stratified by cardiovascular disease history and cardiovascular risk factors: analysis of 3 clinical trials.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2014 |
Saxagliptin efficacy and safety in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus stratified by cardiovascular disease history and cardiovascular risk factors: analysis of 3 clinical trials.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2014 |
Saxagliptin efficacy and safety in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus stratified by cardiovascular disease history and cardiovascular risk factors: analysis of 3 clinical trials.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2014 |
Saxagliptin efficacy and safety in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus stratified by cardiovascular disease history and cardiovascular risk factors: analysis of 3 clinical trials.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2014 |
Saxagliptin efficacy and safety in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus stratified by cardiovascular disease history and cardiovascular risk factors: analysis of 3 clinical trials.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2014 |
Saxagliptin efficacy and safety in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus stratified by cardiovascular disease history and cardiovascular risk factors: analysis of 3 clinical trials.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2014 |
Saxagliptin efficacy and safety in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus stratified by cardiovascular disease history and cardiovascular risk factors: analysis of 3 clinical trials.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2014 |
Saxagliptin efficacy and safety in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus stratified by cardiovascular disease history and cardiovascular risk factors: analysis of 3 clinical trials.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2014 |
Saxagliptin efficacy and safety in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus stratified by cardiovascular disease history and cardiovascular risk factors: analysis of 3 clinical trials.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2014 |
Initial combination therapy with metformin, pioglitazone and exenatide is more effective than sequential add-on therapy in subjects with new-onset diabetes. Results from the Efficacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (EDICT
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans | 2015 |
Initial combination therapy with metformin, pioglitazone and exenatide is more effective than sequential add-on therapy in subjects with new-onset diabetes. Results from the Efficacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (EDICT
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans | 2015 |
Initial combination therapy with metformin, pioglitazone and exenatide is more effective than sequential add-on therapy in subjects with new-onset diabetes. Results from the Efficacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (EDICT
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans | 2015 |
Initial combination therapy with metformin, pioglitazone and exenatide is more effective than sequential add-on therapy in subjects with new-onset diabetes. Results from the Efficacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (EDICT
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans | 2015 |
Initial combination therapy with metformin, pioglitazone and exenatide is more effective than sequential add-on therapy in subjects with new-onset diabetes. Results from the Efficacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (EDICT
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans | 2015 |
Initial combination therapy with metformin, pioglitazone and exenatide is more effective than sequential add-on therapy in subjects with new-onset diabetes. Results from the Efficacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (EDICT
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans | 2015 |
Initial combination therapy with metformin, pioglitazone and exenatide is more effective than sequential add-on therapy in subjects with new-onset diabetes. Results from the Efficacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (EDICT
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans | 2015 |
Initial combination therapy with metformin, pioglitazone and exenatide is more effective than sequential add-on therapy in subjects with new-onset diabetes. Results from the Efficacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (EDICT
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans | 2015 |
Initial combination therapy with metformin, pioglitazone and exenatide is more effective than sequential add-on therapy in subjects with new-onset diabetes. Results from the Efficacy and Durability of Initial Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes (EDICT
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans | 2015 |
The effect of metformin on glucose homeostasis during moderate exercise.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; | 2015 |
Efficacy and safety of teneligliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, combined with metformin in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 16-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; D | 2015 |
The study of once- and twice-daily biphasic insulin aspart 30 (BIAsp 30) with sitagliptin, and twice-daily BIAsp 30 without sitagliptin, in patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled on sitagliptin and metformin-The Sit2Mix trial.
Topics: Aged; Asia; Australia; Biomarkers; Biphasic Insulins; Blood Glucose; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes | 2015 |
Long-term efficacy and safety of canagliflozin over 104 weeks in patients aged 55-80 years with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Cholesterol, HDL | 2015 |
Insulin degludec/insulin aspart versus biphasic insulin aspart 30 in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on basal or pre-/self-mixed insulin: a 26-week, randomised, treat-to-target trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asian People; Biphasic Insulins; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combina | 2015 |
Anagliptin and sitagliptin as add-ons to metformin for patients with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, multicentre, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, phase III clinical trial with a 28-week extension.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fasting; Glycated Hemoglo | 2015 |
Cancer and bone fractures in observational follow-up of the RECORD study.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up Stu | 2015 |
Multifactorial effects of vildagliptin added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol, LDL; Cytokines | 2015 |
Polymorphism of organic cation transporter 2 improves glucose-lowering effect of metformin via influencing its pharmacokinetics in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Area Under Curve; Biological Transport; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fema | 2015 |
Lobeglitazone and pioglitazone as add-ons to metformin for patients with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, multicentre, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, active-controlled, phase III clinical trial with a 28-week extension.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fast | 2015 |
Diurnal variation in skeletal muscle and liver glycogen in humans with normal health and Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Carbon Isotopes; Circadian Rhythm; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycogen; Humans; Insulin Resi | 2015 |
Combination of empagliflozin and linagliptin as second-line therapy in subjects with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; | 2015 |
Dapagliflozin improves glycemic control and reduces body weight as add-on therapy to metformin plus sulfonylurea: a 24-week randomized, double-blind clinical trial.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2015 |
Dapagliflozin improves glycemic control and reduces body weight as add-on therapy to metformin plus sulfonylurea: a 24-week randomized, double-blind clinical trial.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2015 |
Dapagliflozin improves glycemic control and reduces body weight as add-on therapy to metformin plus sulfonylurea: a 24-week randomized, double-blind clinical trial.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2015 |
Dapagliflozin improves glycemic control and reduces body weight as add-on therapy to metformin plus sulfonylurea: a 24-week randomized, double-blind clinical trial.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2015 |
The comparative effect of pioglitazone and metformin on serum osteoprotegerin, adiponectin and intercellular adhesion molecule concentrations in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial.
Topics: Adiponectin; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Me | 2015 |
Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Linagliptin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; | 2015 |
More effective glycaemic control by metformin in African Americans than in Whites in the prediabetic population.
Topics: Adult; Black or African American; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2015 |
Effect of vildagliptin on hepatic steatosis.
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Administration | 2015 |
Presentation and effectiveness of early treatment of type 2 diabetes in youth: lessons from the TODAY study.
Topics: Adolescent; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Patient | 2016 |
Improving diabetes prevention with benefit based tailored treatment: risk based reanalysis of Diabetes Prevention Program.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Life Style; Male; Met | 2015 |
The effect of lifestyle intervention and metformin on preventing or delaying diabetes among women with and without gestational diabetes: the Diabetes Prevention Program outcomes study 10-year follow-up.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2015 |
The effect of lifestyle intervention and metformin on preventing or delaying diabetes among women with and without gestational diabetes: the Diabetes Prevention Program outcomes study 10-year follow-up.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2015 |
The effect of lifestyle intervention and metformin on preventing or delaying diabetes among women with and without gestational diabetes: the Diabetes Prevention Program outcomes study 10-year follow-up.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2015 |
The effect of lifestyle intervention and metformin on preventing or delaying diabetes among women with and without gestational diabetes: the Diabetes Prevention Program outcomes study 10-year follow-up.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2015 |
The effect of lifestyle intervention and metformin on preventing or delaying diabetes among women with and without gestational diabetes: the Diabetes Prevention Program outcomes study 10-year follow-up.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2015 |
The effect of lifestyle intervention and metformin on preventing or delaying diabetes among women with and without gestational diabetes: the Diabetes Prevention Program outcomes study 10-year follow-up.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2015 |
The effect of lifestyle intervention and metformin on preventing or delaying diabetes among women with and without gestational diabetes: the Diabetes Prevention Program outcomes study 10-year follow-up.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2015 |
The effect of lifestyle intervention and metformin on preventing or delaying diabetes among women with and without gestational diabetes: the Diabetes Prevention Program outcomes study 10-year follow-up.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2015 |
The effect of lifestyle intervention and metformin on preventing or delaying diabetes among women with and without gestational diabetes: the Diabetes Prevention Program outcomes study 10-year follow-up.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2015 |
Effects of sevelamer carbonate on advanced glycation end products and antioxidant/pro-oxidant status in patients with diabetic kidney disease.
Topics: Adiponectin; Age Factors; Aged; Albuminuria; Chelating Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic N | 2015 |
Efficacy, safety and tolerability of aleglitazar in patients with type 2 diabetes: pooled findings from three randomized phase III trials.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fasting; Female; Glycated Hemog | 2015 |
Efficacy, safety and tolerability of aleglitazar in patients with type 2 diabetes: pooled findings from three randomized phase III trials.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fasting; Female; Glycated Hemog | 2015 |
Efficacy, safety and tolerability of aleglitazar in patients with type 2 diabetes: pooled findings from three randomized phase III trials.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fasting; Female; Glycated Hemog | 2015 |
Efficacy, safety and tolerability of aleglitazar in patients with type 2 diabetes: pooled findings from three randomized phase III trials.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fasting; Female; Glycated Hemog | 2015 |
Effect of insulin sensitizer therapy on amino acids and their metabolites.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acids; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucose C | 2015 |
Long-term glycaemic response and tolerability of dapagliflozin versus a sulphonylurea as add-on therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: 4-year data.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2015 |
Efficacy and safety of liraglutide monotherapy compared with metformin in Japanese overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2015 |
Efficacy and safety of linagliptin in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled by metformin: A multinational 24-week, randomized clinical trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibit | 2016 |
Dose-ranging efficacy and safety study of ertugliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes on a background of metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Di | 2015 |
Comparison of thrice-daily premixed insulin (insulin lispro premix) with basal-bolus (insulin glargine once-daily plus thrice-daily prandial insulin lispro) therapy in east Asian patients with type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled with twice-daily pre
Topics: Acarbose; Aged; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated Hemogl | 2015 |
Efficacy and tolerability of saxagliptin compared with glimepiride in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled study (GENERATION).
Topics: Adamantane; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptid | 2015 |
Long-term treatment with empagliflozin as add-on to oral antidiabetes therapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Biguanides; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl- | 2015 |
Depressive symptoms, antidepressant medication use, and new onset of diabetes in participants of the diabetes prevention program and the diabetes prevention program outcomes study.
Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2015 |
Depressive symptoms, antidepressant medication use, and new onset of diabetes in participants of the diabetes prevention program and the diabetes prevention program outcomes study.
Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2015 |
Depressive symptoms, antidepressant medication use, and new onset of diabetes in participants of the diabetes prevention program and the diabetes prevention program outcomes study.
Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2015 |
Depressive symptoms, antidepressant medication use, and new onset of diabetes in participants of the diabetes prevention program and the diabetes prevention program outcomes study.
Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2015 |
Interaction between exogenous insulin, endogenous insulin, and glucose in type 2 diabetes patients.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Fe | 2015 |
Addition of a Gastrointestinal Microbiome Modulator to Metformin Improves Metformin Tolerance and Fasting Glucose Levels.
Topics: Adult; Aged; beta-Glucans; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2015 |
Efficacy and safety of linagliptin co-administered with low-dose metformin once daily versus high-dose metformin twice daily in treatment-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind randomized trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2015 |
The study to understand the genetics of the acute response to metformin and glipizide in humans (SUGAR-MGH): design of a pharmacogenetic resource for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alleles; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genetic Predispo | 2015 |
Effects of Insulin Glargine and Liraglutide Therapy on Liver Fat as Measured by Magnetic Resonance in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Trial.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fatty Liv | 2015 |
The cost-effectiveness of dapagliflozin versus sulfonylurea as an add-on to metformin in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Cohort Studies; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellit | 2015 |
Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin twice daily versus once daily in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin: a 16-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Admin | 2015 |
Saxagliptin is similar in glycaemic variability more effective in metabolic control than acarbose in aged type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin.
Topics: Acarbose; Adamantane; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Melli | 2015 |
Treatment escalation options for patients with type 2 diabetes after failure of exenatide twice daily or glimepiride added to metformin: results from the prospective European Exenatide (EUREXA) study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule | 2015 |
Long-term efficacy of sitagliptin as either monotherapy or add-on therapy to metformin: improvement in glycemic control over 2 years in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2015 |
The impact of lifestyle intervention on sedentary time in individuals at high risk of diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Incidence; Life Style; Male; Me | 2015 |
Differential associations of circulating asymmetric dimethylarginine and cell adhesion molecules with metformin use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and stable coronary artery disease.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arginine; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellit | 2015 |
Tissue factor expression in obese type 2 diabetic subjects and its regulation by antidiabetic agents.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Fem | 2015 |
Metformin treatment in type 2 diabetes in pregnancy: an active controlled, parallel-group, randomized, open label study in patients with type 2 diabetes in pregnancy.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gestational Age; Hu | 2015 |
Metformin treatment in type 2 diabetes in pregnancy: an active controlled, parallel-group, randomized, open label study in patients with type 2 diabetes in pregnancy.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gestational Age; Hu | 2015 |
Metformin treatment in type 2 diabetes in pregnancy: an active controlled, parallel-group, randomized, open label study in patients with type 2 diabetes in pregnancy.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gestational Age; Hu | 2015 |
Metformin treatment in type 2 diabetes in pregnancy: an active controlled, parallel-group, randomized, open label study in patients with type 2 diabetes in pregnancy.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gestational Age; Hu | 2015 |
Two dose-ranging studies with PF-04937319, a systemic partial activator of glucokinase, as add-on therapy to metformin in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Benzofurans; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Doubl | 2015 |
Two dose-ranging studies with PF-04937319, a systemic partial activator of glucokinase, as add-on therapy to metformin in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Benzofurans; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Doubl | 2015 |
Two dose-ranging studies with PF-04937319, a systemic partial activator of glucokinase, as add-on therapy to metformin in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Benzofurans; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Doubl | 2015 |
Two dose-ranging studies with PF-04937319, a systemic partial activator of glucokinase, as add-on therapy to metformin in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Benzofurans; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Doubl | 2015 |
Contrasting Effects of Lixisenatide and Liraglutide on Postprandial Glycemic Control, Gastric Emptying, and Safety Parameters in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes on Optimized Insulin Glargine With or Without Metformin: A Randomized, Open-Label Trial.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fem | 2015 |
Safety and efficacy of once-weekly dulaglutide versus sitagliptin after 2 years in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes (AWARD-5): a randomized, phase III study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Th | 2015 |
Combination of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin with insulin-based regimens in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Dipeptidyl-P | 2015 |
Metformin versus Insulin in the Management of Pre-Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestat | 2015 |
Altered volume, morphology and composition of the pancreas in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liver; | 2015 |
Efficacy and safety of avandamet or uptitrated metformin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy | 2015 |
Inspiratory muscle loading: a new approach for lowering glucose levels and glucose variability in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise Therapy; Glycated Hemoglobin; | 2015 |
One-year efficacy and safety of a fixed combination of insulin degludec and liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes: results of a 26-week extension to a 26-week main trial.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Comb | 2015 |
Comparison of vildagliptin as an add-on therapy and sulfonylurea dose-increasing therapy in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes using metformin and sulfonylurea (VISUAL study): A randomized trial.
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug T | 2015 |
SLC47A1 gene rs2289669 G>A variants enhance the glucose-lowering effect of metformin via delaying its excretion in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Asian People; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genotype; Humans; Hypog | 2015 |
The comparative efficacy of lifestyle intervention and metformin by educational attainment in the Diabetes Prevention Program.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Educational Status; Exercise; Female; Health Promotion; Humans; Hy | 2015 |
Empagliflozin as add-on to metformin in people with Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Body Mass Index; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2015 |
Design of FLAT-SUGAR: Randomized Trial of Prandial Insulin Versus Prandial GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Together With Basal Insulin and Metformin for High-Risk Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Albuminuria; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathie | 2015 |
Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Dulaglutide Versus Insulin Glargine in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes on Metformin and Glimepiride (AWARD-2).
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseas | 2015 |
Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Dulaglutide Versus Insulin Glargine in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes on Metformin and Glimepiride (AWARD-2).
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseas | 2015 |
Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Dulaglutide Versus Insulin Glargine in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes on Metformin and Glimepiride (AWARD-2).
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseas | 2015 |
Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Dulaglutide Versus Insulin Glargine in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes on Metformin and Glimepiride (AWARD-2).
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseas | 2015 |
The Efficacy and Safety of Chinese Herbal Medicine Jinlida as Add-On Medication in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Ineffectively Managed by Metformin Monotherapy: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Trial.
Topics: Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drugs, Chine | 2015 |
Triglyceride High-Density Lipoprotein Ratios Predict Glycemia-Lowering in Response to Insulin Sensitizing Drugs in Type 2 Diabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis of the BARI 2D.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Cohort Studies; Coronary Artery Bypass; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus | 2015 |
Empagliflozin as Add-on Therapy to Pioglitazone With or Without Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2015 |
Empagliflozin as Add-on Therapy to Pioglitazone With or Without Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2015 |
Empagliflozin as Add-on Therapy to Pioglitazone With or Without Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2015 |
Empagliflozin as Add-on Therapy to Pioglitazone With or Without Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2015 |
The Effect of Atorvastatin on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Bromocriptine-Treated Premenopausal Women with Isolated Hypercholesterolemia.
Topics: Adult; Atorvastatin; Bromocriptine; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; D | 2015 |
Influence of glycemic control on gain in VO2 peak, in patients with type 2 diabetes enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation after an acute coronary syndrome. The prospective DARE study.
Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise Therapy; Female; F | 2015 |
Allogeneic Mesenchymal Precursor Cells in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Escalation Safety and Tolerability Pilot Study.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Meth | 2015 |
A Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Drug-Drug Interaction Study of Tofogliflozin (a New SGLT2 Inhibitor) and Selected Anti-Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Drugs.
Topics: 1-Deoxynojirimycin; Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Inter | 2016 |
Vitamin D status is associated with skin autofluorescence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a preliminary report.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Comb | 2015 |
A novel and selective sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, tofogliflozin, improves glycaemic control and lowers body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Combined Modality The | 2015 |
Efficacy and safety of liraglutide versus placebo added to basal insulin analogues (with or without metformin) in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Dr | 2015 |
Metformin modulates human leukocyte/endothelial cell interactions and proinflammatory cytokines in polycystic ovary syndrome patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers; Cell Adhesion; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Cells, Cultured; Coculture Te | 2015 |
Durability and tolerability of dapagliflozin over 52 weeks as add-on to metformin and sulphonylurea in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellit | 2015 |
Effects of commonly used antidiabetic drugs on antioxidant enzymes and liver function test markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects - pilot study.
Topics: Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Antioxidants; Bilirubin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combi | 2015 |
Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 3 Trial of Triple Therapy With Dapagliflozin Add-on to Saxagliptin Plus Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; | 2015 |
Inhaled Technosphere Insulin Versus Inhaled Technosphere Placebo in Insulin-Naïve Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Oral Antidiabetes Agents.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therap | 2015 |
Inhaled Technosphere Insulin Versus Inhaled Technosphere Placebo in Insulin-Naïve Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Oral Antidiabetes Agents.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therap | 2015 |
Inhaled Technosphere Insulin Versus Inhaled Technosphere Placebo in Insulin-Naïve Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Oral Antidiabetes Agents.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therap | 2015 |
Inhaled Technosphere Insulin Versus Inhaled Technosphere Placebo in Insulin-Naïve Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Oral Antidiabetes Agents.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therap | 2015 |
[The efficacy and safety of human glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue liraglutide in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes with glycosylated hemoglobin A1c > 9].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypo | 2015 |
Effects of a standardized Ayurvedic formulation on diabetes control in newly diagnosed Type-2 diabetics; a randomized active controlled clinical study.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Medicine | 2015 |
Gender-specific Effects of Treatment with Lifestyle, Metformin or Sulfonylurea on Glycemic Control and Body Weight: A German Multicenter Analysis on 9 108 Patients.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycemic Load; Humans; Life Style; Male; Metformin; Middle | 2015 |
The Primary Glucose-Lowering Effect of Metformin Resides in the Gut, Not the Circulation: Results From Short-term Pharmacokinetic and 12-Week Dose-Ranging Studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Delayed-Action | 2016 |
The Primary Glucose-Lowering Effect of Metformin Resides in the Gut, Not the Circulation: Results From Short-term Pharmacokinetic and 12-Week Dose-Ranging Studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Delayed-Action | 2016 |
The Primary Glucose-Lowering Effect of Metformin Resides in the Gut, Not the Circulation: Results From Short-term Pharmacokinetic and 12-Week Dose-Ranging Studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Delayed-Action | 2016 |
The Primary Glucose-Lowering Effect of Metformin Resides in the Gut, Not the Circulation: Results From Short-term Pharmacokinetic and 12-Week Dose-Ranging Studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Delayed-Action | 2016 |
The Primary Glucose-Lowering Effect of Metformin Resides in the Gut, Not the Circulation: Results From Short-term Pharmacokinetic and 12-Week Dose-Ranging Studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Delayed-Action | 2016 |
The Primary Glucose-Lowering Effect of Metformin Resides in the Gut, Not the Circulation: Results From Short-term Pharmacokinetic and 12-Week Dose-Ranging Studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Delayed-Action | 2016 |
The Primary Glucose-Lowering Effect of Metformin Resides in the Gut, Not the Circulation: Results From Short-term Pharmacokinetic and 12-Week Dose-Ranging Studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Delayed-Action | 2016 |
The Primary Glucose-Lowering Effect of Metformin Resides in the Gut, Not the Circulation: Results From Short-term Pharmacokinetic and 12-Week Dose-Ranging Studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Delayed-Action | 2016 |
The Primary Glucose-Lowering Effect of Metformin Resides in the Gut, Not the Circulation: Results From Short-term Pharmacokinetic and 12-Week Dose-Ranging Studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Delayed-Action | 2016 |
The Primary Glucose-Lowering Effect of Metformin Resides in the Gut, Not the Circulation: Results From Short-term Pharmacokinetic and 12-Week Dose-Ranging Studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Delayed-Action | 2016 |
The Primary Glucose-Lowering Effect of Metformin Resides in the Gut, Not the Circulation: Results From Short-term Pharmacokinetic and 12-Week Dose-Ranging Studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Delayed-Action | 2016 |
The Primary Glucose-Lowering Effect of Metformin Resides in the Gut, Not the Circulation: Results From Short-term Pharmacokinetic and 12-Week Dose-Ranging Studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Delayed-Action | 2016 |
The Primary Glucose-Lowering Effect of Metformin Resides in the Gut, Not the Circulation: Results From Short-term Pharmacokinetic and 12-Week Dose-Ranging Studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Delayed-Action | 2016 |
The Primary Glucose-Lowering Effect of Metformin Resides in the Gut, Not the Circulation: Results From Short-term Pharmacokinetic and 12-Week Dose-Ranging Studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Delayed-Action | 2016 |
The Primary Glucose-Lowering Effect of Metformin Resides in the Gut, Not the Circulation: Results From Short-term Pharmacokinetic and 12-Week Dose-Ranging Studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Delayed-Action | 2016 |
The Primary Glucose-Lowering Effect of Metformin Resides in the Gut, Not the Circulation: Results From Short-term Pharmacokinetic and 12-Week Dose-Ranging Studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Delayed-Action | 2016 |
The Primary Glucose-Lowering Effect of Metformin Resides in the Gut, Not the Circulation: Results From Short-term Pharmacokinetic and 12-Week Dose-Ranging Studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Delayed-Action | 2016 |
The Primary Glucose-Lowering Effect of Metformin Resides in the Gut, Not the Circulation: Results From Short-term Pharmacokinetic and 12-Week Dose-Ranging Studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Delayed-Action | 2016 |
The Primary Glucose-Lowering Effect of Metformin Resides in the Gut, Not the Circulation: Results From Short-term Pharmacokinetic and 12-Week Dose-Ranging Studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Delayed-Action | 2016 |
The Primary Glucose-Lowering Effect of Metformin Resides in the Gut, Not the Circulation: Results From Short-term Pharmacokinetic and 12-Week Dose-Ranging Studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Delayed-Action | 2016 |
The Primary Glucose-Lowering Effect of Metformin Resides in the Gut, Not the Circulation: Results From Short-term Pharmacokinetic and 12-Week Dose-Ranging Studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Delayed-Action | 2016 |
The Primary Glucose-Lowering Effect of Metformin Resides in the Gut, Not the Circulation: Results From Short-term Pharmacokinetic and 12-Week Dose-Ranging Studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Delayed-Action | 2016 |
The Primary Glucose-Lowering Effect of Metformin Resides in the Gut, Not the Circulation: Results From Short-term Pharmacokinetic and 12-Week Dose-Ranging Studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Delayed-Action | 2016 |
The Primary Glucose-Lowering Effect of Metformin Resides in the Gut, Not the Circulation: Results From Short-term Pharmacokinetic and 12-Week Dose-Ranging Studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Delayed-Action | 2016 |
The Primary Glucose-Lowering Effect of Metformin Resides in the Gut, Not the Circulation: Results From Short-term Pharmacokinetic and 12-Week Dose-Ranging Studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Delayed-Action | 2016 |
Empagliflozin as add-on to metformin plus sulphonylurea in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2015 |
Randomized, Double-Blind Trial of Triple Therapy With Saxagliptin Add-on to Dapagliflozin Plus Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; | 2015 |
Long-term changes in cardiovascular risk markers during administration of exenatide twice daily or glimepiride: results from the European exenatide study.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabet | 2015 |
High intensity intermittent exercise improves cardiac structure and function and reduces liver fat in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diastole; Diet; Exercise; E | 2016 |
Effect of liraglutide vs. NPH in combination with metformin on blood glucose fluctuations assessed using continuous glucose monitoring in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Ther | 2015 |
Effects of Liraglutide Monotherapy on Beta Cell Function and Pancreatic Enzymes Compared with Metformin in Japanese Overweight/Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Subpopulation Analysis of the KIND-LM Randomized Trial.
Topics: Amylases; Blood Glucose; Body Fat Distribution; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Adminis | 2015 |
Long-term effects of lifestyle intervention or metformin on diabetes development and microvascular complications over 15-year follow-up: the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; Male; | 2015 |
Long-term effects of lifestyle intervention or metformin on diabetes development and microvascular complications over 15-year follow-up: the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; Male; | 2015 |
Long-term effects of lifestyle intervention or metformin on diabetes development and microvascular complications over 15-year follow-up: the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; Male; | 2015 |
Long-term effects of lifestyle intervention or metformin on diabetes development and microvascular complications over 15-year follow-up: the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; Male; | 2015 |
Circulating hepcidin in type 2 diabetes: A multivariate analysis and double blind evaluation of metformin effects.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Ferritins; H | 2015 |
Effects of metformin plus gliclazide versus metformin plus glimepiride on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combin | 2015 |
Open-label randomized non-inferiority trial of a fixed-dose combination of glimepiride and atorvastatin for the treatment of people whose Type 2 diabetes is uncontrolled on metformin.
Topics: Aged; Atorvastatin; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Co | 2016 |
Postprandial hyperglycemia was ameliorated by taking metformin 30 min before a meal than taking metformin with a meal; a randomized, open-label, crossover pilot study.
Topics: Animals; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Humans; Hyperglycem | 2016 |
Lifestyle and Metformin Ameliorate Insulin Sensitivity Independently of the Genetic Burden of Established Insulin Resistance Variants in Diabetes Prevention Program Participants.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Variation; Huma | 2016 |
HbA1c After a Short Period of Monotherapy With Metformin Identifies Durable Glycemic Control Among Adolescents With Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2015 |
Effect of the GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Lixisenatide on Counterregulatory Responses to Hypoglycemia in Subjects With Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucagon; | 2016 |
Patient-reported outcomes among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with dapagliflozin in a triple-therapy regimen for 52 weeks.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diagnostic Self Evaluation; Double-Blind Meth | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Latin America.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Latin America.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Latin America.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Latin America.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Latin America.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Latin America.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Latin America.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Latin America.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Latin America.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Latin America.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Latin America.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Latin America.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Latin America.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Latin America.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Latin America.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Latin America.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Latin America.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Latin America.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Latin America.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Latin America.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Latin America.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Latin America.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Latin America.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Latin America.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Latin America.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes after metformin failure: A randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2016 |
The rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of PREVENT-DM: A community-based comparative effectiveness trial of lifestyle intervention and metformin among Latinas with prediabetes.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Community Health Workers; Comparative Effecti | 2015 |
Effect of Acarbose on Glycemic Variability in Patients with Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Receiving Stable Background Therapy: A Placebo-Controlled Trial.
Topics: Acarbose; Adamantane; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, C | 2015 |
A randomized clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of sitagliptin added to the combination of sulfonylurea and metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and inadequate glycemic control.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2016 |
Apparent subadditivity of the efficacy of initial combination treatments for type 2 diabetes is largely explained by the impact of baseline HbA1c on efficacy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Algorithms; Canagliflozin; Combined Modality Therapy; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diab | 2016 |
Cardiovascular and Other Outcomes Postintervention With Insulin Glargine and Omega-3 Fatty Acids (ORIGINALE).
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; | 2016 |
Metabolic consequences of acute and chronic empagliflozin administration in treatment-naive and metformin pretreated patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucosides; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2016 |
The Effect of Exercise with or Without Metformin on Glucose Profiles in Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exe | 2016 |
Factors that influence the efficacy of acarbose and metformin as initial therapy in Chinese patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a subanalysis of the MARCH trial.
Topics: Acarbose; Adult; Area Under Curve; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; China; Clinical Tri | 2016 |
Effect of ranolazine on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with either glimepiride or metformin.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Interactions; Dr | 2016 |
[Efficacy and safety of alogliptin in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III clinical trial in mainland China].
Topics: Asian People; Blood Glucose; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Co | 2015 |
A Protein Preload Enhances the Glucose-Lowering Efficacy of Vildagliptin in Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Doub | 2016 |
Initial Combination Therapy With Canagliflozin Plus Metformin Versus Each Component as Monotherapy for Drug-Naïve Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; G | 2016 |
Glycemic excursions are positively associated with changes in duration of asymptomatic hypoglycemia after treatment intensification in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Acarbose; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; | 2016 |
Liraglutide is effective and well tolerated in combination with an oral antidiabetic drug in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, 52-week, open-label, parallel-group trial.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Asian People; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fema | 2016 |
Strategies for glucose control in a study population with diabetes, renal disease and anemia (Treat study).
Topics: Aged; Anemia; Australia; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Europe; Female; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2016 |
The Impact of Pharmacotherapy of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 Secretion.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; | 2016 |
A comparison study of metformin only therapy and metformin combined with Chinese medicine jianyutangkang therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Glycated Hemog | 2016 |
Metabolite Profiles of Diabetes Incidence and Intervention Response in the Diabetes Prevention Program.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabete | 2016 |
Comparison of alogliptin and glipizide for composite endpoint of glycated haemoglobin reduction, no hypoglycaemia and no weight gain in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug | 2016 |
Empagliflozin reduces body weight and indices of adipose distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adiposity; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2016 |
Effect of metformin therapy on circulating amino acids in a randomized trial: the CAMERA study.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabet | 2016 |
Switching from sulphonylurea to a sodium-glucose cotransporter2 inhibitor in the fasting month of Ramadan is associated with a reduction in hypoglycaemia.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Substitution; Drug Therapy, Combi | 2016 |
The Effect of Metformin on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis Activity in Women with Interferon-Induced Hypothyroidism: A Pilot Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female; Hashimoto Disease; Humans; H | 2016 |
Long-term Metformin Use and Vitamin B12 Deficiency in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anemia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Homocysteine; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; M | 2016 |
Vitamin B12 screening in metformin-treated diabetics in primary care: were elderly patients less likely to be tested?
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Healthcare D | 2017 |
Metformin versus placebo in combination with insulin analogues in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus-the randomised, blinded Copenhagen Insulin and Metformin Therapy (CIMT) trial.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Denmark; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glyc | 2016 |
Effects of biphasic, basal-bolus or basal insulin analogue treatments on carotid intima-media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the randomised Copenhagen Insulin and Metformin Therapy (CIMT) trial.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Denmark; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug | 2016 |
A Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of an Anti-Interleukin-18 Monoclonal Antibody in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Com | 2016 |
Effect of Insulin Glargine Up-titration vs Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide on Glycated Hemoglobin Levels in Patients With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes: The DUAL V Randomized Clinical Trial.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; I | 2016 |
Glucose and lipid effects of the ileal apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter inhibitor GSK2330672: double-blind randomized trials with type 2 diabetes subjects taking metformin.
Topics: Adult; Apolipoproteins B; Area Under Curve; Bile Acids and Salts; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, LDL; C | 2016 |
Effects of vildagliptin versus saxagliptin on daily acute glucose fluctuations in Chinese patients with T2DM inadequately controlled with a combination of metformin and sulfonylurea.
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Asian People; Blood Glucose; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipepti | 2016 |
[New attempt in a benefit evaluation].
Topics: Adamantane; Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Drug Therapy, Combination; | 2015 |
Sitagliptin/Metformin Versus Insulin Glargine Combined With Metformin in Obese Subjects With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Monitoring; Drug Therapy, Combination; | 2016 |
Polyethylene glycol loxenatide injections added to metformin effectively improve glycemic control and exhibit favorable safety in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Blood Glucose; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Dr | 2017 |
Effect of adding insulin degludec to treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin and liraglutide: a double-blind randomized controlled trial (BEGIN: ADD TO GLP-1 Study).
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fasting; F | 2016 |
Exenatide Treatment Causes Suppression of Serum Ghrelin Levels following Mixed Meal Test in Obese Diabetic Women.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Down-Regulation; Drug Therapy | 2016 |
Glycemic excursions are positively associated with HbA1c reduction from baseline after treatment with acarbose in patients with type 2 diabetes on metformin monotherapy.
Topics: Acarbose; Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glybur | 2017 |
Rationale and design of a randomized trial to test the safety and non-inferiority of canagliflozin in patients with diabetes with chronic heart failure: the CANDLE trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Canagliflozin; | 2016 |
Comparison of Acarbose and Metformin on Albumin Excretion in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Topics: Acarbose; Albuminuria; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metform | 2016 |
Insulin degludec/insulin aspart versus biphasic insulin aspart 30 twice daily in insulin-experienced Japanese subjects with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes: Subgroup analysis of a Pan-Asian, treat-to-target Phase 3 Trial.
Topics: Aged; Asian People; Biphasic Insulins; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopath | 2017 |
Effects of multiple ascending doses of the glucagon receptor antagonist PF-06291874 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Amino Acids; Aspartate Aminotransferases; beta-Alanine; Blood Glu | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of liraglutide versus sitagliptin, both in combination with metformin, in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: a 26-week, open-label, randomized, active comparator clinical trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anorexia; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Chin | 2016 |
Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of AZP-531, a first-in-class analogue of unacylated ghrelin, in healthy and overweight/obese subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diarrhea; Double-Bli | 2016 |
Change in adiponectin explains most of the change in HDL particles induced by lifestyle intervention but not metformin treatment in the Diabetes Prevention Program.
Topics: Adiponectin; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Cohort Studies; Combined Modalit | 2016 |
Weight and Glucose Reduction Observed with a Combination of Nutritional Agents in Rodent Models Does Not Translate to Humans in a Randomized Clinical Trial with Healthy Volunteers and Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Biological Factors; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2016 |
A Multinational, Randomized, Open-label, Treat-to-Target Trial Comparing Insulin Degludec and Insulin Glargine in Insulin-Naïve Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemia; | 2016 |
Pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction study of ranolazine and metformin in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Angina Pectoris; Animals; Area Under Curve; Cardiovascular Agents; CHO Cells; Chronic D | 2015 |
Prediction of excessive weight gain in insulin treated patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Biphasic Insulins; Blood Glucose; Chi-Square Distribution; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug The | 2017 |
Comparative evaluation of the therapeutic effect of metformin monotherapy with metformin and acupuncture combined therapy on weight loss and insulin sensitivity in diabetic patients.
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Adiponectin; Adult; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cholesterol, HDL; | 2016 |
[The effect of liraglutide in combination with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells treatment on glucose metabolism and β cell function in type 2 diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Tolerance Test; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypog | 2016 |
Combination of Saxagliptin and Metformin Is Effective as Initial Therapy in New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Severe Hyperglycemia.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Drug Therapy, Combination; | 2016 |
Different clinical prognostic factors are associated with improved glycaemic control: findings from MARCH randomized trial.
Topics: Acarbose; Adult; Aged; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2017 |
Efficacy and safety of titrated canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin and sitagliptin.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-B | 2016 |
Weight change in the management of youth-onset type 2 diabetes: the TODAY clinical trial experience.
Topics: Adolescent; Anthropometry; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combin | 2017 |
Efficacy and safety of alogliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A multicentre randomized double-blind placebo-controlled Phase 3 study in mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asian People; Blood Glucose; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Dru | 2017 |
Efficacy and safety of ipragliflozin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes stratified by body mass index: A subgroup analysis of five randomized clinical trials.
Topics: Asian People; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug T | 2016 |
The efficacy and safety of teneligliptin added to ongoing metformin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized study with open label extension.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2016 |
Randomized clinical trial of the safety and efficacy of sitagliptin and metformin co-administered to Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; Drug Ther | 2016 |
Glucose Variability in a 26-Week Randomized Comparison of Mealtime Treatment With Rapid-Acting Insulin Versus GLP-1 Agonist in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes at High Cardiovascular Risk.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cardiovascular | 2016 |
Glucose Variability in a 26-Week Randomized Comparison of Mealtime Treatment With Rapid-Acting Insulin Versus GLP-1 Agonist in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes at High Cardiovascular Risk.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cardiovascular | 2016 |
Glucose Variability in a 26-Week Randomized Comparison of Mealtime Treatment With Rapid-Acting Insulin Versus GLP-1 Agonist in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes at High Cardiovascular Risk.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cardiovascular | 2016 |
Glucose Variability in a 26-Week Randomized Comparison of Mealtime Treatment With Rapid-Acting Insulin Versus GLP-1 Agonist in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes at High Cardiovascular Risk.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cardiovascular | 2016 |
Prandial Options to Advance Basal Insulin Glargine Therapy: Testing Lixisenatide Plus Basal Insulin Versus Insulin Glulisine Either as Basal-Plus or Basal-Bolus in Type 2 Diabetes: The GetGoal Duo-2 Trial.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin/metformin fixed-dose combination compared with glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes: A multicenter randomized double-blind study.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diarrhea; Double-Blind Method; Drug Th | 2017 |
Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes from Asian countries: pooled data from four phase III trials.
Topics: Asia; Asian People; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Re | 2016 |
Effect of testosterone on insulin sensitivity, oxidative metabolism and body composition in aging men with type 2 diabetes on metformin monotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; | 2016 |
Baseline factors associated with glycaemic response to treatment with once-weekly dulaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Fas | 2016 |
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Drug Interaction Study of Piragliatin, a Glucokinase Activator, and Glyburide, a Sulfonylurea, in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Benzeneacetamides; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double | 2016 |
Efficacy and Safety of LixiLan, a Titratable Fixed-Ratio Combination of Lixisenatide and Insulin Glargine, Versus Insulin Glargine in Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Metformin Monotherapy: The LixiLan Proof-of-Concept Randomized Trial.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combin | 2016 |
Feedback suppression of meal-induced glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion mediated through elevations in intact GLP-1 caused by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition: a randomized, prospective comparison of sitagliptin and vildagliptin treatment.
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Di | 2016 |
Once-Daily Liraglutide Versus Lixisenatide as Add-on to Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: A 26-Week Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administ | 2016 |
Which oral antidiabetic drug to combine with metformin to minimize the risk of hypoglycemia when initiating basal insulin?: A randomized controlled trial of a DPP4 inhibitor versus insulin secretagogues.
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug | 2016 |
Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ipragliflozin in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and inadequate glycemic control with metformin: Results of a phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial.
Topics: Asian People; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glu | 2016 |
Correlates of Medication Adherence in the TODAY Cohort of Youth With Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Cohort Studies; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2016 |
Sublingual vitamin B12 compared to intramuscular injection in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin: a randomised trial.
Topics: Administration, Sublingual; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Hy | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of liraglutide compared to sulphonylurea during Ramadan in patients with type 2 diabetes (LIRA-Ramadan): a randomized trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Substitution; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fasting; Femal | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of switching from sitagliptin to liraglutide in subjects with type 2 diabetes (LIRA-SWITCH): a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, active-controlled 26-week trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Asia; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double- | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of triple therapy with dapagliflozin add-on to saxagliptin plus metformin over 52 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipe | 2016 |
Canagliflozin provides greater attainment of both HbA1c and body weight reduction versus sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2016 |
Canagliflozin provides greater attainment of both HbA1c and body weight reduction versus sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2016 |
Canagliflozin provides greater attainment of both HbA1c and body weight reduction versus sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2016 |
Canagliflozin provides greater attainment of both HbA1c and body weight reduction versus sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2016 |
One-year efficacy and safety of saxagliptin add-on in patients receiving dapagliflozin and metformin.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of combination therapy with vildagliptin and metformin versus metformin uptitration in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy: a randomized, open-label, prospective study (VISION).
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Di | 2016 |
Metformin in women with type 2 diabetes in pregnancy (MiTy): a multi-center randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Clinical Protocols; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method | 2016 |
Biliary effects of liraglutide and sitagliptin, a 12-week randomized placebo-controlled trial in type 2 diabetes patients.
Topics: Aged; Bile Acids and Salts; Blood Glucose; Chenodeoxycholic Acid; Cholic Acid; Deoxycholic Acid; Dia | 2016 |
Metformin Increases Cortisol Regeneration by 11βHSD1 in Obese Men With and Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1; Comorbidity; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2016 |
Initial Combination of Empagliflozin and Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, D | 2016 |
Randomized trial assessing the safety and efficacy of sitagliptin in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on sulfonylurea alone or combined with metformin.
Topics: Aged; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipept | 2017 |
Randomized Controlled Study of Metformin and Sitagliptin on Long-term Normoglycemia Remission in African American Patients With Hyperglycemic Crises.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Black or African American; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic K | 2016 |
Sitagliptin and risk of fractures in type 2 diabetes: Results from the TECOS trial.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Blood Preservation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Neuropathies; Double-Blin | 2017 |
Efficacy and safety of initial combination therapy with gemigliptin and metformin compared with monotherapy with either drug in patients with type 2 diabetes: A double-blind randomized controlled trial (INICOM study).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors | 2017 |
Hypoglycemia in Frail Elderly Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With Sulfonylurea.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Frail Eld | 2017 |
Linagliptin plus metformin in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and marked hyperglycemia.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhi | 2016 |
Impact of bromocriptine-QR therapy on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects on metformin.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Bromocriptine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dopamine Ago | 2016 |
Pharmacodynamic Effects of Single and Multiple Doses of Empagliflozin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus | 2016 |
Addition of a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, to ongoing therapy with the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide: A randomized controlled trial in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pep | 2017 |
A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Effects of Sitagliptin and Glimepiride on Endothelial Function and Metabolic Parameters: Sapporo Athero-Incretin Study 1 (SAIS1).
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antioxidants; Biomarkers; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Ind | 2016 |
Sexual Functioning and Depressive Symptoms in Women with Diabetes and Prediabetes Receiving Metformin Therapy: A Pilot Study.
Topics: Adult; Coitus; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Metformin; Prediabetic State | 2017 |
Sitagliptin added to stable insulin therapy with or without metformin in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Asian People; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2017 |
Metformin reduces the rate of small intestinal glucose absorption in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: 3-O-Methylglucose; Aged; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Glucago | 2017 |
Linagliptin as add-on to empagliflozin and metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: Two 24-week randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group trials.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Ther | 2017 |
The effects of exenatide twice daily compared to insulin lispro added to basal insulin in Latin American patients with type 2 diabetes: A retrospective analysis of the 4B trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Argentina; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration S | 2016 |
Heart rate acceleration with GLP-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes patients: an acute and 12-week randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Exenatide; Fema | 2017 |
Add-on therapy with anagliptin in Japanese patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin and miglitol can maintain higher concentrations of biologically active GLP-1/total GIP and a lower concentration of leptin.
Topics: 1-Deoxynojirimycin; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Femal | 2016 |
Effects of Liraglutide on Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study.
Topics: Aged; Circadian Rhythm; Coronary Artery Disease; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Doub | 2017 |
Renal Outcomes of Pioglitazone Compared with Acarbose in Diabetic Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study.
Topics: Acarbose; Aged; Albumins; Albuminuria; Blood Glucose; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Th | 2016 |
Effects of Glimepiride versus Saxagliptin on β-Cell Function and Hypoglycemia: A Post Hoc Analysis in Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled with Metformin.
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double- | 2016 |
COMBINED TREATMENT WITH SAXAGLIPTIN PLUS DAPAGLIFLOZIN REDUCES INSULIN LEVELS BY INCREASED INSULIN CLEARANCE AND IMPROVES β-CELL FUNCTION.
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Area Under Curve; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitu | 2017 |
Resveratrol as Add-on Therapy in Subjects With Well-Controlled Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug | 2016 |
Sustained influence of metformin therapy on circulating glucagon-like peptide-1 levels in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2017 |
Linagliptin improves endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized study of linagliptin effectiveness on endothelial function.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Linag | 2017 |
Glycemic Effect and Safety of a Systemic, Partial Glucokinase Activator, PF-04937319, in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Inadequately Controlled on Metformin-A Randomized, Crossover, Active-Controlled Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Benzofurans; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind | 2016 |
Novel hepato-preferential basal insulin peglispro (BIL) does not differentially affect insulin sensitivity compared with insulin glargine in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fema | 2017 |
Reversal of type 2 diabetes in youth who adhere to a very-low-energy diet: a pilot study.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; Fa | 2017 |
Randomized, double-blind, phase III study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of once-daily treatment with alogliptin and metformin hydrochloride in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administrat | 2017 |
Liraglutide improves metabolic parameters and carotid intima-media thickness in diabetic patients with the metabolic syndrome: an 18-month prospective study.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Carotid Artery Diseases; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2016 |
Liraglutide improves metabolic parameters and carotid intima-media thickness in diabetic patients with the metabolic syndrome: an 18-month prospective study.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Carotid Artery Diseases; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2016 |
Liraglutide improves metabolic parameters and carotid intima-media thickness in diabetic patients with the metabolic syndrome: an 18-month prospective study.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Carotid Artery Diseases; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2016 |
Liraglutide improves metabolic parameters and carotid intima-media thickness in diabetic patients with the metabolic syndrome: an 18-month prospective study.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Carotid Artery Diseases; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2016 |
Lobeglitazone, a Novel Thiazolidinedione, Improves Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Type 2 Diabetes: Its Efficacy and Predictive Factors Related to Responsiveness.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Elasticity Imag | 2017 |
Lobeglitazone, a Novel Thiazolidinedione, Improves Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Type 2 Diabetes: Its Efficacy and Predictive Factors Related to Responsiveness.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Elasticity Imag | 2017 |
Lobeglitazone, a Novel Thiazolidinedione, Improves Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Type 2 Diabetes: Its Efficacy and Predictive Factors Related to Responsiveness.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Elasticity Imag | 2017 |
Lobeglitazone, a Novel Thiazolidinedione, Improves Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Type 2 Diabetes: Its Efficacy and Predictive Factors Related to Responsiveness.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Elasticity Imag | 2017 |
Host-microbiome interactions in human type 2 diabetes following prebiotic fibre (galacto-oligosaccharide) intake.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Dysbiosis; | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of gemigliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with combination treatment of metformin and sulphonylurea: a 24-week, multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; Drug Monit | 2017 |
Diurnal glucose exposure profiles of patients treated with lixisenatide before breakfast or the main meal of the day: An analysis using continuous glucose monitoring.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Breakfast; Circadian Rhythm; Diabetes Mel | 2017 |
A randomized clinical trial of the safety and efficacy of sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled by acarbose alone.
Topics: Acarbose; Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Monitoring; Dru | 2017 |
Effect of Almond Supplementation on Glycemia and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Asian Indians in North India with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A 24-Week Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asian People; Cardiovascular Diseases; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2017 |
Efficacy and safety of adding evogliptin versus sitagliptin for metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes: A 24-week randomized, controlled trial with open label extension.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Monitoring; Drug Resistanc | 2017 |
Effect of gemigliptin on glycaemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes (STABLE study).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated H | 2017 |
Efficacy and safety of fixed-dose combination therapy, alogliptin plus metformin, in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes: A phase 3 trial.
Topics: China; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV | 2017 |
Efficacy and safety of linagliptin/metformin single-pill combination as initial therapy in drug-naïve Asian patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibit | 2017 |
A randomised, active- and placebo-controlled, three-period crossover trial to investigate short-term effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin on macro- and microvascular endothelial function in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Brachial Artery; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopath | 2017 |
Causal Effects of Intensive Lifestyle and Metformin Interventions on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Pre-Diabetic People: An Application of G-Estimation.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2017 |
Effects of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Patients on Treatment With Glibenclamide and Metformin on Carvedilol Enantiomers Metabolism.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Area Under Curve; Carba | 2017 |
Liraglutide causes large and rapid epicardial fat reduction.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; | 2017 |
Effects of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes and stable coronary artery disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.
Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Coronary Artery Disease; Cross-Over Stu | 2017 |
Dynamic population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling and simulation supports similar efficacy in glycosylated haemoglobin response with once or twice-daily dosing of canagliflozin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedu | 2017 |
Impact of DPP-4 inhibition on acute and chronic endothelial function in humans with type 2 diabetes on background metformin therapy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipe | 2017 |
Effects of Oral Antidiabetic Drugs on Changes in the Liver-to-Spleen Ratio on Computed Tomography and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2017 |
Efficacy and safety of autoinjected exenatide once-weekly suspension versus sitagliptin or placebo with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: The DURATION-NEO-2 randomized clinical study.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic | 2017 |
Combining the G-protein-coupled receptor 40 agonist fasiglifam with sitagliptin improves glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes with or without metformin: A randomized, 12-week trial.
Topics: Benzofurans; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitor | 2017 |
Cross-Over Study Comparing Postprandial Glycemic Increase After Addition of a Fixed-Dose Mitiglinide/Voglibose Combination or a Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor to Basal Insulin Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripep | 2017 |
Efficacy and safety of metformin and sitagliptin based triple antihyperglycemic therapy (STRATEGY): a multicenter, randomized, controlled, non-inferiority clinical trial.
Topics: Acarbose; Adult; Blood Glucose; Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fe | 2017 |
Effects of postmeal exercise on postprandial glucose excursions in people with type 2 diabetes treated with add-on hypoglycemic agents.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2017 |
Efficacy and safety of saxagliptin compared with acarbose in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus uncontrolled on metformin monotherapy: Results of a Phase IV open-label randomized controlled study (the SMART study).
Topics: Acarbose; Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Asian People; Blood Glucose; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Di | 2017 |
Thiazolidinedione addition reduces the serum retinol-binding protein 4 in type 2 diabetic patients treated with metformin and sulfonylurea.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hy | 2008 |
Hyperbolic relationship between insulin secretion and sensitivity on oral glucose tolerance test.
Topics: Adult; Area Under Curve; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucose Toler | 2008 |
An observational study of reduction of insulin resistance and prevention of development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women with polycystic ovary syndrome treated with metformin and diet.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabete | 2008 |
Effects of pretreatment with low-dose metformin on metabolic parameters and weight gain by pioglitazone in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, C | 2008 |
[Effect of insulin plus rosiglitazone or metformin on serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized-controlled study].
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ins | 2008 |
Effects of pioglitazone on serum fetuin-A levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein; Blood Proteins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Exercise Therapy | 2008 |
First versus repeat treatment with a lifestyle intervention program: attendance and weight loss outcomes.
Topics: Behavior Therapy; Caloric Restriction; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Fe | 2008 |
Efficacy and safety of vildagliptin monotherapy during 2-year treatment of drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes: comparison with metformin.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; | 2008 |
Efficacy and safety of vildagliptin monotherapy during 2-year treatment of drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes: comparison with metformin.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; | 2008 |
Efficacy and safety of vildagliptin monotherapy during 2-year treatment of drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes: comparison with metformin.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; | 2008 |
Efficacy and safety of vildagliptin monotherapy during 2-year treatment of drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes: comparison with metformin.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; | 2008 |
Improvement of glycaemic and lipid profiles with muraglitazar plus metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: an active-control trial with glimepiride.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Ther | 2008 |
The effects of pioglitazone and metformin on plasma visfatin levels in patients with treatment naive type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2008 |
Pioglitazone reduces monocyte activation in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Human | 2009 |
The effect of metformin on leptin in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Fatty Liver; Female; Glycated Hemoglobi | 2009 |
A randomized, controlled trial of the effects of rosiglitazone on adipokines, and inflammatory and fibrinolytic markers in diabetic patients: study design and protocol.
Topics: Adipokines; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Cytokines | 2008 |
Colesevelam hydrochloride therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin: glucose and lipid effects.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Allylamine; Anticholesteremic Agents; Blood Glucose; Colesevelam Hydrochlor | 2008 |
Colesevelam hydrochloride therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin: glucose and lipid effects.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Allylamine; Anticholesteremic Agents; Blood Glucose; Colesevelam Hydrochlor | 2008 |
Colesevelam hydrochloride therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin: glucose and lipid effects.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Allylamine; Anticholesteremic Agents; Blood Glucose; Colesevelam Hydrochlor | 2008 |
Colesevelam hydrochloride therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin: glucose and lipid effects.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Allylamine; Anticholesteremic Agents; Blood Glucose; Colesevelam Hydrochlor | 2008 |
Colesevelam hydrochloride therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin: glucose and lipid effects.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Allylamine; Anticholesteremic Agents; Blood Glucose; Colesevelam Hydrochlor | 2008 |
Colesevelam hydrochloride therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin: glucose and lipid effects.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Allylamine; Anticholesteremic Agents; Blood Glucose; Colesevelam Hydrochlor | 2008 |
Colesevelam hydrochloride therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin: glucose and lipid effects.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Allylamine; Anticholesteremic Agents; Blood Glucose; Colesevelam Hydrochlor | 2008 |
Colesevelam hydrochloride therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin: glucose and lipid effects.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Allylamine; Anticholesteremic Agents; Blood Glucose; Colesevelam Hydrochlor | 2008 |
Colesevelam hydrochloride therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin: glucose and lipid effects.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Allylamine; Anticholesteremic Agents; Blood Glucose; Colesevelam Hydrochlor | 2008 |
Colesevelam hydrochloride therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin: glucose and lipid effects.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Allylamine; Anticholesteremic Agents; Blood Glucose; Colesevelam Hydrochlor | 2008 |
Colesevelam hydrochloride therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin: glucose and lipid effects.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Allylamine; Anticholesteremic Agents; Blood Glucose; Colesevelam Hydrochlor | 2008 |
Colesevelam hydrochloride therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin: glucose and lipid effects.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Allylamine; Anticholesteremic Agents; Blood Glucose; Colesevelam Hydrochlor | 2008 |
Colesevelam hydrochloride therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin: glucose and lipid effects.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Allylamine; Anticholesteremic Agents; Blood Glucose; Colesevelam Hydrochlor | 2008 |
Colesevelam hydrochloride therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin: glucose and lipid effects.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Allylamine; Anticholesteremic Agents; Blood Glucose; Colesevelam Hydrochlor | 2008 |
Colesevelam hydrochloride therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin: glucose and lipid effects.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Allylamine; Anticholesteremic Agents; Blood Glucose; Colesevelam Hydrochlor | 2008 |
Colesevelam hydrochloride therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin: glucose and lipid effects.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Allylamine; Anticholesteremic Agents; Blood Glucose; Colesevelam Hydrochlor | 2008 |
Differences in effects of insulin glargine or pioglitazone added to oral anti-diabetic therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: what to add--insulin glargine or pioglitazone?
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Benzamides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated | 2008 |
Efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride, and placebo, all in combination with metformin, in type 2 diabetes: the LEAD (liraglutide effect and action in diabetes)-2 study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride, and placebo, all in combination with metformin, in type 2 diabetes: the LEAD (liraglutide effect and action in diabetes)-2 study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride, and placebo, all in combination with metformin, in type 2 diabetes: the LEAD (liraglutide effect and action in diabetes)-2 study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride, and placebo, all in combination with metformin, in type 2 diabetes: the LEAD (liraglutide effect and action in diabetes)-2 study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride, and placebo, all in combination with metformin, in type 2 diabetes: the LEAD (liraglutide effect and action in diabetes)-2 study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride, and placebo, all in combination with metformin, in type 2 diabetes: the LEAD (liraglutide effect and action in diabetes)-2 study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride, and placebo, all in combination with metformin, in type 2 diabetes: the LEAD (liraglutide effect and action in diabetes)-2 study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride, and placebo, all in combination with metformin, in type 2 diabetes: the LEAD (liraglutide effect and action in diabetes)-2 study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride, and placebo, all in combination with metformin, in type 2 diabetes: the LEAD (liraglutide effect and action in diabetes)-2 study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride, and placebo, all in combination with metformin, in type 2 diabetes: the LEAD (liraglutide effect and action in diabetes)-2 study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride, and placebo, all in combination with metformin, in type 2 diabetes: the LEAD (liraglutide effect and action in diabetes)-2 study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride, and placebo, all in combination with metformin, in type 2 diabetes: the LEAD (liraglutide effect and action in diabetes)-2 study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride, and placebo, all in combination with metformin, in type 2 diabetes: the LEAD (liraglutide effect and action in diabetes)-2 study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride, and placebo, all in combination with metformin, in type 2 diabetes: the LEAD (liraglutide effect and action in diabetes)-2 study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride, and placebo, all in combination with metformin, in type 2 diabetes: the LEAD (liraglutide effect and action in diabetes)-2 study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride, and placebo, all in combination with metformin, in type 2 diabetes: the LEAD (liraglutide effect and action in diabetes)-2 study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride, and placebo, all in combination with metformin, in type 2 diabetes: the LEAD (liraglutide effect and action in diabetes)-2 study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride, and placebo, all in combination with metformin, in type 2 diabetes: the LEAD (liraglutide effect and action in diabetes)-2 study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride, and placebo, all in combination with metformin, in type 2 diabetes: the LEAD (liraglutide effect and action in diabetes)-2 study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride, and placebo, all in combination with metformin, in type 2 diabetes: the LEAD (liraglutide effect and action in diabetes)-2 study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride, and placebo, all in combination with metformin, in type 2 diabetes: the LEAD (liraglutide effect and action in diabetes)-2 study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride, and placebo, all in combination with metformin, in type 2 diabetes: the LEAD (liraglutide effect and action in diabetes)-2 study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride, and placebo, all in combination with metformin, in type 2 diabetes: the LEAD (liraglutide effect and action in diabetes)-2 study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride, and placebo, all in combination with metformin, in type 2 diabetes: the LEAD (liraglutide effect and action in diabetes)-2 study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride, and placebo, all in combination with metformin, in type 2 diabetes: the LEAD (liraglutide effect and action in diabetes)-2 study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; | 2009 |
Clinical and behavioral correlates of achieving and maintaining glycemic targets in an underserved population with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Follow-Up Studies; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2009 |
Addition of neutral protamine lispro insulin or insulin glargine to oral type 2 diabetes regimens for patients with suboptimal glycemic control: a randomized trial.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinati | 2008 |
Rosiglitazone, but not glimepiride, improves myocardial diastolic function in association with reduction in oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic patients without overt heart disease.
Topics: Adiponectin; Aged; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diastole; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2008 |
Assessment of the efficacy and tolerability of a fixed dose combination of atorvastatin 10 mg + metformin SR 500 mg in diabetic dyslipidaemia in adult Indian patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anticholesteremic Agents; Atorvastatin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combin | 2008 |
Colesevelam HCl effects on atherogenic lipoprotein subclasses in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Allylamine; Anticholesteremic Agents; Biomarkers; Colesevelam Hydrochloride; Diabetes Mellitus | 2009 |
The association of ENPP1 K121Q with diabetes incidence is abolished by lifestyle modification in the diabetes prevention program.
Topics: Chromans; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise Therapy; Female; Gene Frequ | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety of exenatide in patients of Asian descent with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin or metformin and a sulphonylurea.
Topics: Asian People; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metfo | 2009 |
Comparison of glycaemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes on basal insulin and fixed combination oral antidiabetic treatment: results of a pilot study.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gl | 2009 |
[Six-month effectiveness and tolerability of pioglitazone in combination with sulfonylureas or metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Adult; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fem | 2008 |
Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic N | 2009 |
Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic N | 2009 |
Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic N | 2009 |
Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic N | 2009 |
Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic N | 2009 |
Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic N | 2009 |
Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic N | 2009 |
Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic N | 2009 |
Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic N | 2009 |
Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic N | 2009 |
Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic N | 2009 |
Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic N | 2009 |
Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic N | 2009 |
Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic N | 2009 |
Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic N | 2009 |
Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic N | 2009 |
Sodium-glucose cotransport inhibition with dapagliflozin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diuretics; | 2009 |
Sodium-glucose cotransport inhibition with dapagliflozin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diuretics; | 2009 |
Sodium-glucose cotransport inhibition with dapagliflozin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diuretics; | 2009 |
Sodium-glucose cotransport inhibition with dapagliflozin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diuretics; | 2009 |
Sodium-glucose cotransport inhibition with dapagliflozin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diuretics; | 2009 |
Sodium-glucose cotransport inhibition with dapagliflozin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diuretics; | 2009 |
Sodium-glucose cotransport inhibition with dapagliflozin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diuretics; | 2009 |
Sodium-glucose cotransport inhibition with dapagliflozin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diuretics; | 2009 |
Sodium-glucose cotransport inhibition with dapagliflozin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diuretics; | 2009 |
Sodium-glucose cotransport inhibition with dapagliflozin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diuretics; | 2009 |
Sodium-glucose cotransport inhibition with dapagliflozin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diuretics; | 2009 |
Sodium-glucose cotransport inhibition with dapagliflozin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diuretics; | 2009 |
Sodium-glucose cotransport inhibition with dapagliflozin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diuretics; | 2009 |
Sodium-glucose cotransport inhibition with dapagliflozin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diuretics; | 2009 |
Sodium-glucose cotransport inhibition with dapagliflozin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diuretics; | 2009 |
Sodium-glucose cotransport inhibition with dapagliflozin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diuretics; | 2009 |
Fifty-two-week efficacy and safety of vildagliptin vs. glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin monotherapy.
Topics: Adamantane; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Adminis | 2009 |
Nateglinide and glibenclamide metabolic effects in naïve type 2 diabetic patients treated with metformin.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug T | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety of adding the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin to metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fema | 2009 |
Pioglitazone vs glimepiride: Differential effects on vascular endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2009 |
Relationship between HbA1c and hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with different insulin regimens in combination with metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hum | 2009 |
Relationship between HbA1c and hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with different insulin regimens in combination with metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hum | 2009 |
Relationship between HbA1c and hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with different insulin regimens in combination with metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hum | 2009 |
Relationship between HbA1c and hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with different insulin regimens in combination with metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hum | 2009 |
Effect of progression from impaired glucose tolerance to diabetes on cardiovascular risk factors and its amelioration by lifestyle and metformin intervention: the Diabetes Prevention Program randomized trial by the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Gro
Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2009 |
Simulated physician learning intervention to improve safety and quality of diabetes care: a randomized trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cholesterol, LDL; Computer Simulation; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Me | 2009 |
Determinants of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein vary in polycystic ovary syndrome, as do effects of short- and long-term metformin therapy.
Topics: Adiposity; Adult; C-Reactive Protein; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellit | 2009 |
One-year treatment with exenatide improves beta-cell function, compared with insulin glargine, in metformin-treated type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized, controlled trial.
Topics: Arginine; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Female; G | 2009 |
Metformin treatment in diabetes and heart failure: when academic equipoise meets clinical reality.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alberta; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety of biphasic insulin aspart 70/30 versus exenatide in subjects with type 2 diabetes failing to achieve glycemic control with metformin and a sulfonylurea.
Topics: Adult; Biphasic Insulins; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Female; Humans; Hypog | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety of biphasic insulin aspart 70/30 versus exenatide in subjects with type 2 diabetes failing to achieve glycemic control with metformin and a sulfonylurea.
Topics: Adult; Biphasic Insulins; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Female; Humans; Hypog | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety of biphasic insulin aspart 70/30 versus exenatide in subjects with type 2 diabetes failing to achieve glycemic control with metformin and a sulfonylurea.
Topics: Adult; Biphasic Insulins; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Female; Humans; Hypog | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety of biphasic insulin aspart 70/30 versus exenatide in subjects with type 2 diabetes failing to achieve glycemic control with metformin and a sulfonylurea.
Topics: Adult; Biphasic Insulins; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Female; Humans; Hypog | 2009 |
Efficacy and tolerability of vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administra | 2009 |
Efficacy and tolerability of vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administra | 2009 |
Efficacy and tolerability of vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administra | 2009 |
Efficacy and tolerability of vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administra | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety of initial combination therapy with sitagliptin and metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 54-week study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Huma | 2009 |
Metabolic effect of repaglinide or acarbose when added to a double oral antidiabetic treatment with sulphonylureas and metformin: a double-blind, cross-over, clinical trial.
Topics: Acarbose; Administration, Oral; Adult; Blood Glucose; Carbamates; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Melli | 2009 |
Pioglitazone metabolic effect in metformin-intolerant obese patients treated with sibutramine.
Topics: Appetite Depressants; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cyclobutanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double | 2009 |
Study rationale and design of the CIMT trial: the Copenhagen Insulin and Metformin Therapy trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biphasic Insulins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therap | 2009 |
Pioglitazone treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus when combined with portion control diet modifies the metabolic syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anthropometry; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; Fe | 2009 |
Exogenous glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide worsens post prandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Cyclic AMP; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Di | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety of the human glucagon-like peptide-1 analog liraglutide in combination with metformin and thiazolidinedione in patients with type 2 diabetes (LEAD-4 Met+TZD).
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Meth | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety of the human glucagon-like peptide-1 analog liraglutide in combination with metformin and thiazolidinedione in patients with type 2 diabetes (LEAD-4 Met+TZD).
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Meth | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety of the human glucagon-like peptide-1 analog liraglutide in combination with metformin and thiazolidinedione in patients with type 2 diabetes (LEAD-4 Met+TZD).
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Meth | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety of the human glucagon-like peptide-1 analog liraglutide in combination with metformin and thiazolidinedione in patients with type 2 diabetes (LEAD-4 Met+TZD).
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Meth | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety of the human glucagon-like peptide-1 analog liraglutide in combination with metformin and thiazolidinedione in patients with type 2 diabetes (LEAD-4 Met+TZD).
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Meth | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety of the human glucagon-like peptide-1 analog liraglutide in combination with metformin and thiazolidinedione in patients with type 2 diabetes (LEAD-4 Met+TZD).
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Meth | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety of the human glucagon-like peptide-1 analog liraglutide in combination with metformin and thiazolidinedione in patients with type 2 diabetes (LEAD-4 Met+TZD).
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Meth | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety of the human glucagon-like peptide-1 analog liraglutide in combination with metformin and thiazolidinedione in patients with type 2 diabetes (LEAD-4 Met+TZD).
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Meth | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety of the human glucagon-like peptide-1 analog liraglutide in combination with metformin and thiazolidinedione in patients with type 2 diabetes (LEAD-4 Met+TZD).
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Meth | 2009 |
Failure to metformin and insulin secretagogue monotherapy: an observational cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glycated Hemoglo | 2010 |
Free fatty acid kinetics during long-term treatment with pioglitazone added to sulfonylurea or metformin in Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Fa | 2009 |
Effect of two starting insulin regimens in patients with type II diabetes not controlled on a combination of oral antihyperglycemic medications.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administrat | 2009 |
Long-term effects of metformin on metabolism and microvascular and macrovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Dr | 2009 |
Long-term effects of metformin on metabolism and microvascular and macrovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Dr | 2009 |
Long-term effects of metformin on metabolism and microvascular and macrovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Dr | 2009 |
Long-term effects of metformin on metabolism and microvascular and macrovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Dr | 2009 |
Efficacy and safety of therapy with metformin plus pioglitazone in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial.
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; | 2009 |
Vildagliptin plus metformin combination therapy provides superior glycaemic control to individual monotherapy in treatment-naive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Americas; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Do | 2009 |
Concomitant reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glycated hemoglobin with colesevelam hydrochloride in patients with type 2 diabetes: a pooled analysis.
Topics: Aged; Allylamine; Anticholesteremic Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Cohort Studie | 2009 |
Pioglitazone improves cardiac function and alters myocardial substrate metabolism without affecting cardiac triglyceride accumulation and high-energy phosphate metabolism in patients with well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Aged; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combi | 2009 |
Combined treatment of intrapancreatic autologous bone marrow stem cells and hyperbaric oxygen in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Blood Glucose; Bone Marrow Cells; C-Peptide; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mel | 2008 |
Study of the pharmacokinetic interaction of vildagliptin and metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2009 |
Treatment with the human once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 analog taspoglutide in combination with metformin improves glycemic control and lowers body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone: a double-blind p
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Glycated Hemog | 2009 |
Supplementation with cholecalciferol does not improve glycaemic control in diabetic subjects with normal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Calcifediol; Calcium; Cholecalciferol; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2009 |
Metformin in combination with structured lifestyle intervention improved body mass index in obese adolescents, but did not improve insulin resistance.
Topics: Adipokines; Adolescent; Body Mass Index; Child; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2009 |
Nateglinide combination therapy with basal insulin and metformin in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Co | 2009 |
Direct comparison among oral hypoglycemic agents and their association with insulin resistance evaluated by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp: the 60's study.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Caloric Restriction; Diabetes Mel | 2009 |
Independent anti-inflammatory effect of insulin in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2009 |
The ADDITION-Cambridge trial protocol: a cluster -- randomised controlled trial of screening for type 2 diabetes and intensive treatment for screen-detected patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Aspirin; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ea | 2009 |
Pleiotropic action of short-term metformin and fenofibrate treatment, combined with lifestyle intervention, in type 2 diabetic patients with mixed dyslipidemia.
Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Combined Modality Therapy; Cytokines; Di | 2009 |
Weight loss, HbA1c reduction, and tolerability of cetilistat in a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial in obese diabetics: comparison with orlistat (Xenical).
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzoxazines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; | 2010 |
Twice-daily dosing of a repaglinide/metformin fixed-dose combination tablet provides glycaemic control comparable to rosiglitazone/metformin tablet.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2009 |
Comparison of vildagliptin and metformin monotherapy in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, double-blind, randomized trial.
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptid | 2009 |
Three different premixed combinations of biphasic insulin aspart - comparison of the efficacy and safety in a randomized controlled clinical trial in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Biphasic Insulins; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Ther | 2009 |
The efficacy and safety of saxagliptin when added to metformin therapy in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes with metformin alone.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Double-Bl | 2009 |
Short-term treatment with metformin improves the cardiovascular risk profile in first-degree relatives of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have a metabolic syndrome and normal glucose tolerance without changes in C-reactive protein or fibrinogen
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bl | 2009 |
Soluble CD40 ligand, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor-1-antigen in normotensive type 2 diabetic subjects without diabetic complications. Effects of metformin and rosiglitazone.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anticholesteremic Agents; Blood Pressure; Carboxypeptidase B2; CD40 Ligand; Cholesterol | 2009 |
Rosiglitazone evaluated for cardiovascular outcomes in oral agent combination therapy for type 2 diabetes (RECORD): a multicentre, randomised, open-label trial.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Angina, Unstable; Body Weight; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Me | 2009 |
TSH-lowering effect of metformin in type 2 diabetic patients: differences between euthyroid, untreated hypothyroid, and euthyroid on L-T4 therapy patients.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Hypothyroidism; Metformin; Thyroid Diseases; | 2009 |
A randomized trial of therapies for type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease.
Topics: Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Combined Modality Therapy; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Artery Byp | 2009 |
A randomized trial of therapies for type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease.
Topics: Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Combined Modality Therapy; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Artery Byp | 2009 |
A randomized trial of therapies for type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease.
Topics: Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Combined Modality Therapy; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Artery Byp | 2009 |
A randomized trial of therapies for type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease.
Topics: Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Combined Modality Therapy; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Artery Byp | 2009 |
A randomized trial of therapies for type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease.
Topics: Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Combined Modality Therapy; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Artery Byp | 2009 |
A randomized trial of therapies for type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease.
Topics: Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Combined Modality Therapy; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Artery Byp | 2009 |
A randomized trial of therapies for type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease.
Topics: Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Combined Modality Therapy; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Artery Byp | 2009 |
A randomized trial of therapies for type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease.
Topics: Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Combined Modality Therapy; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Artery Byp | 2009 |
A randomized trial of therapies for type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease.
Topics: Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Combined Modality Therapy; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Artery Byp | 2009 |
Comparison of vildagliptin and pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptid | 2009 |
Saxagliptin given in combination with metformin as initial therapy improves glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes compared with either monotherapy: a randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inh | 2009 |
Effects of rosiglitazone on fasting plasma fibroblast growth factor-21 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Pressure; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female; Fi | 2009 |
Twice-daily and three-times-daily dosing of a repaglinide/metformin fixed-dose combination tablet provide similar glycaemic control.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Ther | 2009 |
Regression from pre-diabetes to normal glucose regulation in the diabetes prevention program.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insul | 2009 |
Changes in insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in relation to the glycemic outcomes in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance in the Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme-1 (IDPP-1).
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; | 2009 |
Insulin-based versus triple oral therapy for newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: which is better?
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2009 |
Comparison of vildagliptin and thiazolidinedione as add-on therapy in patients inadequately controlled with metformin: results of the GALIANT trial--a primary care, type 2 diabetes study.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dr | 2009 |
Earlier triple therapy with pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combin | 2009 |
Rationale and design of a clinical trial to evaluate metformin and colesevelam HCl as first-line therapy in type 2 diabetes and colesevelam HCl in prediabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Algorithms; Allylamine; Anticholesteremic Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; | 2009 |
Selective regulation of cellular and secreted multimeric adiponectin by antidiabetic therapies in humans.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind | 2009 |
Evaluation of the repaglinide efficiency in comparison to the glimepiride in the type 2 diabetes patients poorly regulated by the metmorfine administration.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated He | 2009 |
Alcohol consumption and diabetes risk in the Diabetes Prevention Program.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alcohol Drinking; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Energ | 2009 |
Effects of 1-year treatment with metformin on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in non-diabetic upper-body obese subjects with mild glucose anomalies: a post-hoc analysis of the BIGPRO1 trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, LDL; | 2009 |
Efficacy of insulin-sensitizing agents in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Topics: Adult; Biopsy; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fatty Liver; Fem | 2010 |
Effect of rosiglitazone, metformin and medical nutrition treatment on arterial stiffness, serum MMP-9 and MCP-1 levels in drug naive type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Chemokine CCL2; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Matrix Metallo | 2009 |
Effects of bed-time insulin versus pioglitazone on abdominal fat accumulation, inflammation and gene expression in adipose tissue in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, | 2009 |
Liraglutide vs insulin glargine and placebo in combination with metformin and sulfonylurea therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (LEAD-5 met+SU): a randomised controlled trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2009 |
Liraglutide vs insulin glargine and placebo in combination with metformin and sulfonylurea therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (LEAD-5 met+SU): a randomised controlled trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2009 |
Liraglutide vs insulin glargine and placebo in combination with metformin and sulfonylurea therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (LEAD-5 met+SU): a randomised controlled trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2009 |
Liraglutide vs insulin glargine and placebo in combination with metformin and sulfonylurea therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (LEAD-5 met+SU): a randomised controlled trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2009 |
Effects of initiating insulin and metformin on glycemic control and inflammatory biomarkers among patients with type 2 diabetes: the LANCET randomized trial.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; | 2009 |
Initiation of prandial insulin therapy with AIR inhaled insulin or insulin lispro in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized noninferiority trial.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Aged; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Ther | 2009 |
A comparison between simplified and intensive dose-titration algorithms using AIR inhaled insulin for insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes in a randomized noninferiority trial.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Aged; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, C | 2009 |
Berberine lowers blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients through increasing insulin receptor expression.
Topics: Aged; Berberine; Blood Glucose; Cell Line; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gene Expression; Human | 2010 |
Rosiglitazone decreases C-reactive protein to a greater extent relative to glyburide and metformin over 4 years despite greater weight gain: observations from a Diabetes Outcome Progression Trial (ADOPT).
Topics: Adult; Aged; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2010 |
Effects of rosiglitazone and metformin treatment on apelin, visfatin, and ghrelin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adipokines; Aged; Apelin; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; | 2010 |
Efficacy and safety of pioglitazone/metformin fixed-dose combination therapy compared with pioglitazone and metformin monotherapy in treating patients with T2DM.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Algorithms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind M | 2009 |
Three-year efficacy of complex insulin regimens in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combina | 2009 |
Effect of rosiglitazone, metformin, and glyburide on bone biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Bone and Bones; Bone Resorption; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Me | 2010 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestationa | 2009 |
Long-term glycaemic control with metformin-sulphonylurea-pioglitazone triple therapy in PROactive (PROactive 17).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2009 |
Combining insulin with metformin or an insulin secretagogue in non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes: 12 month, randomised, double blind trial.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2009 |
Rationale, design, and baseline data of the insulin glargine (Lantus) versus insulin detemir (Levemir) Treat-To-Target (L2T3) study: A multinational, randomized noninferiority trial of basal insulin initiation in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gl | 2009 |
Pioglitazone compared with metformin increases pericardial fat volume in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Abdominal Fat; Adipose Tissue; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Hypogly | 2010 |
Comparative study of low-dose pioglitazone or metformin treatment in Japanese diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2009 |
Long-term glycaemic effects of pioglitazone compared with placebo as add-on treatment to metformin or sulphonylurea monotherapy in PROactive (PROactive 18).
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glycated Hemoglo | 2009 |
Comparison of antihyperglycemic effects of creatine and metformin in type II diabetic patients.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Creatine; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2009 |
Effects of sitagliptin or metformin added to pioglitazone monotherapy in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Double | 2010 |
Effects of sitagliptin or metformin added to pioglitazone monotherapy in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Double | 2010 |
Effects of sitagliptin or metformin added to pioglitazone monotherapy in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Double | 2010 |
Effects of sitagliptin or metformin added to pioglitazone monotherapy in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Double | 2010 |
Combined effects of atorvastatin and metformin on glucose-induced variations of inflammatory process in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anticholesteremic Agents; Atorvastatin; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug | 2011 |
[Primary preventive effect of metformin upon atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Atherosclerosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Humans; Hypo | 2009 |
Changes in prandial glucagon levels after a 2-year treatment with vildagliptin or glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy.
Topics: Adamantane; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Nitriles; P | 2010 |
Efficacy and safety of monotherapy of sitagliptin compared with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin | 2010 |
Effect of meglitinides on postprandial ghrelin secretion pattern in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Benzamides; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Carbamates; Cross-Over Studies; | 2010 |
Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin when added to insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; | 2010 |
Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin when added to insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; | 2010 |
Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin when added to insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; | 2010 |
Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin when added to insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; | 2010 |
Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin when added to insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; | 2010 |
Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin when added to insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; | 2010 |
Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin when added to insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; | 2010 |
Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin when added to insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; | 2010 |
Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin when added to insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; | 2010 |
Fat redistribution preferentially reflects the anti-inflammatory benefits of pioglitazone treatment.
Topics: Abdominal Fat; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Ch | 2011 |
Effects of exenatide plus rosiglitazone on beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity in subjects with type 2 diabetes on metformin.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Female; Glucose Clamp Techniq | 2010 |
Baseline atherosclerosis parameter could assess the risk of bone loss during pioglitazone treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Bone Density; Collagen; Diabetes Mell | 2010 |
Combined pioglitazone and metformin treatment maintains the beneficial effect of short-term insulin infusion in patients with type 2 diabetes: results from a pilot study.
Topics: Adiponectin; Administration, Oral; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mel | 2009 |
Pioglitazone decreases plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein mass, associated with a decrease in hepatic triglyceride content, in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Apolipoprotein B-100; Cholesterol; Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2010 |
Titration of inhaled human insulin (Exubera) in a treat-to-target regimen for patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Ind | 2010 |
Exenatide versus glibenclamide in patients with diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; C-Reactive | 2010 |
Addition of metformin to exogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 results in increased serum glucagon-like peptide-1 concentrations and greater glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Female; | 2011 |
Effect of pioglitazone on various parameters of insulin resistance including lipoprotein subclass according to particle size by a gel-permeation high-performance liquid chromatography in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Age of Onset; Body Fat Distribution; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diab | 2010 |
Metformin's effect on exercise and postexercise substrate oxidation.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Area Under Curve; Bicycling; Calorimetry, Indirect; Carbohydrate Metabo | 2010 |
Metformin induces reductions in plasma cobalamin and haptocorrin bound cobalamin levels in elderly diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Down-Regulation; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2010 |
Novel assay of metformin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes and varying levels of renal function: clinical recommendations.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biological Assay; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diabetes Mel | 2010 |
Further improvement in postprandial glucose control with addition of exenatide or sitagliptin to combination therapy with insulin glargine and metformin: a proof-of-concept study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Female; | 2010 |
The oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin increases circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with type 2 diabetes: possible role of stromal-derived factor-1alpha.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Chemokine CXCL12; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase | 2010 |
The oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin increases circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with type 2 diabetes: possible role of stromal-derived factor-1alpha.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Chemokine CXCL12; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase | 2010 |
The oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin increases circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with type 2 diabetes: possible role of stromal-derived factor-1alpha.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Chemokine CXCL12; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase | 2010 |
The oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin increases circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with type 2 diabetes: possible role of stromal-derived factor-1alpha.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Chemokine CXCL12; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase | 2010 |
Twelve weeks treatment with the DPP-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, prevents degradation of peptide YY and improves glucose and non-glucose induced insulin secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; Dru | 2010 |
[Sugar: results of a Belgian observational study on the use of sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Belgium; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptid | 2010 |
The 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor INCB13739 improves hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by metformin monotherapy.
Topics: 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Diabetes | 2010 |
Effects of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist pioglitazone on renal and hormonal responses to salt in diabetic and hypertensive individuals.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Do | 2010 |
Adding insulin glargine vs. NPH insulin to metformin results in a more efficient postprandial beta-cell protection in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fasting; Female; | 2010 |
Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin and metformin as initial combination therapy and as monotherapy over 2 years in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; | 2010 |
Liraglutide versus sitagliptin for patients with type 2 diabetes who did not have adequate glycaemic control with metformin: a 26-week, randomised, parallel-group, open-label trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhib | 2010 |
Liraglutide versus sitagliptin for patients with type 2 diabetes who did not have adequate glycaemic control with metformin: a 26-week, randomised, parallel-group, open-label trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhib | 2010 |
Liraglutide versus sitagliptin for patients with type 2 diabetes who did not have adequate glycaemic control with metformin: a 26-week, randomised, parallel-group, open-label trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhib | 2010 |
Liraglutide versus sitagliptin for patients with type 2 diabetes who did not have adequate glycaemic control with metformin: a 26-week, randomised, parallel-group, open-label trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhib | 2010 |
Patient-reported outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with liraglutide or glimepiride, both as add-on to metformin.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Humans; | 2010 |
Safety and efficacy of treatment with sitagliptin or glipizide in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin: a 2-year study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Fasting; Female; Glipizi | 2010 |
Long term treatment with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes and risk of vitamin B-12 deficiency: randomised placebo controlled trial.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Folic Acid; Homocysteine; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Long | 2010 |
Long term treatment with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes and risk of vitamin B-12 deficiency: randomised placebo controlled trial.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Folic Acid; Homocysteine; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Long | 2010 |
Long term treatment with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes and risk of vitamin B-12 deficiency: randomised placebo controlled trial.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Folic Acid; Homocysteine; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Long | 2010 |
Long term treatment with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes and risk of vitamin B-12 deficiency: randomised placebo controlled trial.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Folic Acid; Homocysteine; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Long | 2010 |
Pioglitazone in addition to metformin improves erythrocyte deformability in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythrocyte Deformability; Female | 2010 |
Efficacy of primary prevention interventions when fasting and postglucose dysglycemia coexist: analysis of the Indian Diabetes Prevention Programmes (IDPP-1 and IDPP-2).
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Hypog | 2010 |
Experience of malignancies with oral glucose-lowering drugs in the randomised controlled ADOPT (A Diabetes Outcome Progression Trial) and RECORD (Rosiglitazone Evaluated for Cardiovascular Outcomes and Regulation of Glycaemia in Diabetes) clinical trials.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Neoplasms; Rosiglitazone; Sulfony | 2010 |
A comparison of efficacy and safety of vildagliptin and gliclazide in combination with metformin in patients with Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone: a 52-week, randomized study.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase | 2010 |
Safety and tolerability of high doses of taspoglutide, a once-weekly human GLP-1 analogue, in diabetic patients treated with metformin: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dou | 2010 |
Hypoglycemic symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes in Asia-Pacific-Real-life effectiveness and care patterns of diabetes management: the RECAP-DM study.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemic | 2010 |
Cost effectiveness of insulin glargine plus oral antidiabetes drugs compared with premixed insulin alone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Canada.
Topics: Canada; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycate | 2010 |
Efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly versus sitagliptin or pioglitazone as an adjunct to metformin for treatment of type 2 diabetes (DURATION-2): a randomised trial.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; | 2010 |
Efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly versus sitagliptin or pioglitazone as an adjunct to metformin for treatment of type 2 diabetes (DURATION-2): a randomised trial.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; | 2010 |
Efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly versus sitagliptin or pioglitazone as an adjunct to metformin for treatment of type 2 diabetes (DURATION-2): a randomised trial.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; | 2010 |
Efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly versus sitagliptin or pioglitazone as an adjunct to metformin for treatment of type 2 diabetes (DURATION-2): a randomised trial.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; | 2010 |
Efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly versus sitagliptin or pioglitazone as an adjunct to metformin for treatment of type 2 diabetes (DURATION-2): a randomised trial.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; | 2010 |
Efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly versus sitagliptin or pioglitazone as an adjunct to metformin for treatment of type 2 diabetes (DURATION-2): a randomised trial.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; | 2010 |
Efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly versus sitagliptin or pioglitazone as an adjunct to metformin for treatment of type 2 diabetes (DURATION-2): a randomised trial.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; | 2010 |
Efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly versus sitagliptin or pioglitazone as an adjunct to metformin for treatment of type 2 diabetes (DURATION-2): a randomised trial.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; | 2010 |
Efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly versus sitagliptin or pioglitazone as an adjunct to metformin for treatment of type 2 diabetes (DURATION-2): a randomised trial.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; | 2010 |
Evaluation of the potential for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between dutogliptin, a novel DPP4 inhibitor, and metformin, in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Boronic Acids; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dip | 2010 |
A dose range finding study of novel oral insulin (IN-105) under fed conditions in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedul | 2010 |
Low-dose combination therapy with rosiglitazone and metformin to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus (CANOE trial): a double-blind randomised controlled study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucose Intoleran | 2010 |
Effect of dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycaemic control with metformin: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; | 2010 |
Effect of dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycaemic control with metformin: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; | 2010 |
Effect of dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycaemic control with metformin: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; | 2010 |
Effect of dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycaemic control with metformin: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; | 2010 |
Insulin pump therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes safely improved glycemic control using a simple insulin dosing regimen.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administr | 2010 |
[Comparison on efficacy and safety of two regimens for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: glargine plus metformin versus neutral protamine hagedorn plus metformin].
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ins | 2010 |
Vildagliptin add-on to metformin produces similar efficacy and reduced hypoglycaemic risk compared with glimepiride, with no weight gain: results from a 2-year study.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Dr | 2010 |
A single-center, open, comparative study of the effect of using self-monitoring of blood glucose to guide therapy on preclinical atherosclerotic markers in type 2 diabetic subjects.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; | 2010 |
Common variants in 40 genes assessed for diabetes incidence and response to metformin and lifestyle intervention in the diabetes prevention program.
Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ethnicity; Female; Genetic Var | 2010 |
Dose-dependent effects of the once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide in patients with Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blin | 2010 |
Self-monitoring of blood glucose in tablet-treated type 2 diabetic patients (ZODIAC).
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Confidence Intervals; Diabete | 2010 |
Saxagliptin and metformin XR combination therapy provides glycemic control over 24 hours in patients with T2DM inadequately controlled with metformin.
Topics: Adamantane; Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Circadian Rhythm; Delayed-Action Prepa | 2010 |
Efficacy and safety of saxagliptin in combination with metformin compared with sitagliptin in combination with metformin in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhi | 2010 |
Effect of pioglitazone and acarbose on endothelial inflammation biomarkers during oral glucose tolerance test in diabetic patients treated with sulphonylureas and metformin.
Topics: Acarbose; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fem | 2010 |
Saxagliptin is non-inferior to glipizide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin alone: a 52-week randomised controlled trial.
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhi | 2010 |
[Capabilities of hypoglycemic therapy in women with decompensated type 2 diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug The | 2010 |
Initial short-term intensive insulin therapy as a strategy for evaluating the preservation of beta-cell function with oral antidiabetic medications: a pilot study with sitagliptin.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hyperglycemia; | 2010 |
Continuation versus discontinuation of insulin secretagogues when initiating insulin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; In | 2010 |
Benefits of self-monitoring blood glucose in the management of new-onset Type 2 diabetes mellitus: the St Carlos Study, a prospective randomized clinic-based interventional study with parallel groups.
Topics: Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2010 |
Pharmacological treatment of the pathogenetic defects in type 2 diabetes: the randomized multicenter South Danish Diabetes Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hum | 2011 |
Effect of pioglitazone on serum concentrations of osteoprotegerin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2011 |
Effects of metformin plus gliclazide compared with metformin alone on circulating endothelial progenitor cell in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Cell Movement; Cells, Cultured; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug | 2010 |
A placebo-controlled trial of exenatide twice-daily added to thiazolidinediones alone or in combination with metformin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Exenatide; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypo | 2010 |
Effects of rosiglitazone/metformin fixed-dose combination therapy and metformin monotherapy on serum vaspin, adiponectin and IL-6 levels in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug | 2011 |
Linagliptin (BI 1356), a potent and selective DPP-4 inhibitor, is safe and efficacious in combination with metformin in patients with inadequately controlled Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Ther | 2010 |
Relationship between serum osteocalcin and glycaemic variability in Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme Inhibit | 2011 |
Continuous glucose monitoring reveals different glycemic responses of moderate- vs high-carbohydrate lunch meals in people with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes M | 2010 |
Safety and efficacy of linagliptin as add-on therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug The | 2011 |
Liraglutide provides similar glycaemic control as glimepiride (both in combination with metformin) and reduces body weight and systolic blood pressure in Asian population with type 2 diabetes from China, South Korea and India: a 16-week, randomized, doubl
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Asian People; Blood Pressure; China; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2011 |
Utilizing the second-meal effect in type 2 diabetes: practical use of a soya-yogurt snack.
Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Proteins; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; F | 2010 |
Effects of pioglitazone and metformin fixed-dose combination therapy on cardiovascular risk markers of inflammation and lipid profile compared with pioglitazone and metformin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus | 2010 |
Use of twice-daily exenatide in Basal insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled trial.
Topics: Aged; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Dru | 2011 |
Study comparing the effect of pioglitazone in combination with either metformin or sulphonylureas on lipid profile and glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (ECLA).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans | 2011 |
Effect of metformin on oxidative stress, nitrosative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in type 2 diabetes patients.
Topics: Adult; C-Reactive Protein; Calcium; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycation End Products, Advan | 2011 |
Impact of 6 weeks of treatment with low-dose metformin and atorvastatin on glucose-induced changes of endothelial function in adults with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: A single-blind study.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Atorvastatin; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitu | 2010 |
Efficacy and safety of treatment with sitagliptin or glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin monotherapy: a randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority trial.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Co | 2011 |
Efficacy and safety of insulin detemir once daily in combination with sitagliptin and metformin: the TRANSITION randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated | 2011 |
Efficacy and safety of insulin detemir once daily in combination with sitagliptin and metformin: the TRANSITION randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated | 2011 |
Efficacy and safety of insulin detemir once daily in combination with sitagliptin and metformin: the TRANSITION randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated | 2011 |
Efficacy and safety of insulin detemir once daily in combination with sitagliptin and metformin: the TRANSITION randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated | 2011 |
Improved glycemic control induced by both metformin and repaglinide is associated with a reduction in blood levels of 3-deoxyglucosone in nonobese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Carbamates; Confidence Intervals; Deoxyglucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2011 |
Hypoglycemic effect of bitter melon compared with metformin in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients.
Topics: Adult; Asia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Fructosamine; Fruit; Humans; Hy | 2011 |
A 5-week study of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of LY2189265, a novel, long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Respon | 2011 |
Effects of pioglitazone versus metformin on circulating endothelial microparticles and progenitor cells in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes--a randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Mass Index; Cell Survival; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dia | 2011 |
Effect of simvastatin and fenofibrate on cytokine release and systemic inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus with mixed dyslipidemia.
Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug A | 2011 |
Exenatide twice daily versus premixed insulin aspart 70/30 in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized 26-week study on glycemic control and hypoglycemia.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Exenatide; Humans; Hyp | 2011 |
Incidence of dementia is increased in type 2 diabetes and reduced by the use of sulfonylureas and metformin.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analysis of Variance; Cohort Studies; Dementia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2011 |
Effects of insulin and oral anti-diabetic agents on glucose metabolism, vascular dysfunction and skeletal muscle inflammation in type 2 diabetic subjects.
Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Carotid Arteries; Carotid Artery Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabet | 2011 |
Liraglutide improves treatment satisfaction in people with Type 2 diabetes compared with sitagliptin, each as an add on to metformin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glycated Hemo | 2011 |
Evaluation of efficacy and tolerability of glimepiride and metformin combination: a multicentric study in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus, uncontrolled on monotherapy with sulfonylurea or metformin.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Admini | 2013 |
Saxagliptin, a potent, selective inhibitor of DPP-4, does not alter the pharmacokinetics of three oral antidiabetic drugs (metformin, glyburide or pioglitazone) in healthy subjects.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl | 2011 |
Initial combination therapy with saxagliptin and metformin provides sustained glycaemic control and is well tolerated for up to 76 weeks.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Double-Bl | 2011 |
One year of liraglutide treatment offers sustained and more effective glycaemic control and weight reduction compared with sitagliptin, both in combination with metformin, in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, parallel-group, open-label trial.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fasting; Female; Glucagon | 2011 |
Prognostic implications of glucose-lowering treatment in patients with acute myocardial infarction and diabetes: experiences from an extended follow-up of the Diabetes Mellitus Insulin-Glucose Infusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction (DIGAMI) 2 Study.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hu | 2011 |
Updated genetic score based on 34 confirmed type 2 diabetes Loci is associated with diabetes incidence and regression to normoglycemia in the diabetes prevention program.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise Therapy; Genotype; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2011 |
Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor PF-734200 added to metformin in Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhib | 2011 |
The effect of initial therapy with the fixed-dose combination of sitagliptin and metformin compared with metformin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; | 2011 |
Effects of rosiglitazone, glyburide, and metformin on β-cell function and insulin sensitivity in ADOPT.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; | 2011 |
The effects of rosiglitazone and metformin on inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; C-Peptide; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelial Cells; Female; Hum | 2011 |
DURATION-2: efficacy and safety of switching from maximum daily sitagliptin or pioglitazone to once-weekly exenatide.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Substitution; Exe | 2011 |
[Efficacy and tolerability of sitagliptin in type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled with metformin. A prospective observational study in austrian primary care].
Topics: Austria; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Tolerance; Female; Humans; Male; Metformin; Middle Aged; Pr | 2011 |
Renal function in type 2 diabetes with rosiglitazone, metformin, and glyburide monotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Albuminuria; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diab | 2011 |
AMP-activated protein kinase is activated in adipose tissue of individuals with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin: a randomised glycaemia-controlled crossover study.
Topics: Aged; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gliclazide; Huma | 2011 |
PIOfix-study: effects of pioglitazone/metformin fixed combination in comparison with a combination of metformin with glimepiride on diabetic dyslipidemia.
Topics: Adiponectin; Aged; Anticholesteremic Agents; C-Reactive Protein; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; | 2011 |
A Dose-Ranging Study of the DPP-IV Inhibitor PF-734200 Added to Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes*.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl | 2011 |
Effects of metformin and pioglitazone on serum pentosidine levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Arginine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Glycation End Products, Adva | 2011 |
Triple oral fixed-dose diabetes polypill versus insulin plus metformin efficacy demonstration study in the treatment of advanced type 2 diabetes (TrIED study-II).
Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; | 2011 |
Sitagliptin more effectively achieves a composite endpoint for A1C reduction, lack of hypoglycemia and no body weight gain compared with glipizide.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gl | 2011 |
Intensive glucose control and risk of cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gliclazide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ins | 2011 |
A prospective, parallel group, open-labeled, comparative, multi-centric, active controlled study to evaluate the safety, tolerability and benefits of fixed dose combination of acarbose and metformin versus metformin alone in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Acarbose; Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, D | 2010 |
The fixed combination of pioglitazone and metformin improves biomarkers of platelet function and chronic inflammation in type 2 diabetes patients: results from the PIOfix study.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Coagulation; Blood Platelets; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fe | 2011 |
A treatment strategy implementing combination therapy with sitagliptin and metformin results in superior glycaemic control versus metformin monotherapy due to a low rate of addition of antihyperglycaemic agents.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy | 2011 |
A comparison on insulin regimen treatment of elderly (>70 years) and younger (<70 years) type 2 diabetic patients in actual clinical practice.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Thera | 2013 |
Metformin and exercise in type 2 diabetes: examining treatment modality interactions.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2011 |
Multifactorial intervention in individuals with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria: the Microalbuminuria Education and Medication Optimisation (MEMO) study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Albuminuria; Antihypertensive Agents; Aspirin; Blood Pressure; Chole | 2011 |
Exenatide or glimepiride added to metformin on metabolic control and on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Femal | 2011 |
Effects of combined exenatide and pioglitazone therapy on hepatic fat content in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adipose Tissue; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biomarkers; Blood Gl | 2011 |
Effects of metformin and rosiglitazone on peripheral insulin resistance and β-cell function in obesity: a double-blind, randomized, controlled study.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Anthropometry; Asian People; Body Composition; China; Diabetes Mellitus | 2011 |
Efficacy and safety of saxagliptin combination therapy in US patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidy | 2011 |
Efficacy and safety of saxagliptin combination therapy in US patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidy | 2011 |
Efficacy and safety of saxagliptin combination therapy in US patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidy | 2011 |
Efficacy and safety of saxagliptin combination therapy in US patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidy | 2011 |
Efficacy and safety of saxagliptin combination therapy in US patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidy | 2011 |
Efficacy and safety of saxagliptin combination therapy in US patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidy | 2011 |
Efficacy and safety of saxagliptin combination therapy in US patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidy | 2011 |
Efficacy and safety of saxagliptin combination therapy in US patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidy | 2011 |
Efficacy and safety of saxagliptin combination therapy in US patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidy | 2011 |
A randomized, parallel group, double-blind, multicentre study comparing the efficacy and safety of Avandamet (rosiglitazone/metformin) and metformin on long-term glycaemic control and bone mineral density after 80 weeks of treatment in drug-naïve type 2 d
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Bone Density; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double- | 2011 |
Menopause and risk of diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Body Mass Index; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2011 |
Effects of Portulaca oleracea L. seeds in treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus patients as adjunctive and alternative therapy.
Topics: Adult; Bilirubin; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Complementary Therapies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dou | 2011 |
Alogliptin as a third oral antidiabetic drug in patients with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycaemic control on metformin and pioglitazone: a 52-week, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, parallel-group study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; D | 2011 |
Double-blind, randomized, multicentre, and active comparator controlled investigation of the effect of pioglitazone, metformin, and the combination of both on cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving stable basal insulin therapy: the
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Do | 2011 |
Differences in insulin treatment satisfaction following randomized addition of biphasic, prandial or basal insulin to oral therapy in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Biphasic Insulins; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Ther | 2011 |
Profibrinolytic, antithrombotic, and antiinflammatory effects of an insulin-sensitizing strategy in patients in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D) trial.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Co | 2011 |
Association of the SLC30A8 missense polymorphism R325W with proinsulin levels at baseline and after lifestyle, metformin or troglitazone intervention in the Diabetes Prevention Program.
Topics: Adult; C-Peptide; Cation Transport Proteins; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2011 |
Randomized study of repaglinide alone and in combination with metformin in Chinese subjects with type 2 diabetes naive to oral antidiabetes therapy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Carbamates; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, | 2011 |
Efficacy and safety of linagliptin in persons with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by a combination of metformin and sulphonylurea: a 24-week randomized study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mel | 2011 |
Efficacy and safety of linagliptin in persons with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by a combination of metformin and sulphonylurea: a 24-week randomized study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mel | 2011 |
Efficacy and safety of linagliptin in persons with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by a combination of metformin and sulphonylurea: a 24-week randomized study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mel | 2011 |
Efficacy and safety of linagliptin in persons with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by a combination of metformin and sulphonylurea: a 24-week randomized study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mel | 2011 |
Vildagliptin improves endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Endothelium, | 2011 |
Predictive value of HbA1c for incident diabetes among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance--analysis of the Indian Diabetes Prevention Programmes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female; Glucose Intolera | 2012 |
Discordant effects on central obesity, hepatic insulin resistance, and alanine aminotransferase of low-dose metformin and thiazolidinedione combination therapy in patients with impaired glucose tolerance.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Fatty Liver; Fema | 2012 |
Dapagliflozin versus glipizide as add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycemic control with metformin: a randomized, 52-week, double-blind, active-controlled noninferiority trial.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administra | 2011 |
Dapagliflozin versus glipizide as add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycemic control with metformin: a randomized, 52-week, double-blind, active-controlled noninferiority trial.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administra | 2011 |
Dapagliflozin versus glipizide as add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycemic control with metformin: a randomized, 52-week, double-blind, active-controlled noninferiority trial.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administra | 2011 |
Dapagliflozin versus glipizide as add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycemic control with metformin: a randomized, 52-week, double-blind, active-controlled noninferiority trial.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administra | 2011 |
Dapagliflozin versus glipizide as add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycemic control with metformin: a randomized, 52-week, double-blind, active-controlled noninferiority trial.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administra | 2011 |
Dapagliflozin versus glipizide as add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycemic control with metformin: a randomized, 52-week, double-blind, active-controlled noninferiority trial.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administra | 2011 |
Dapagliflozin versus glipizide as add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycemic control with metformin: a randomized, 52-week, double-blind, active-controlled noninferiority trial.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administra | 2011 |
Dapagliflozin versus glipizide as add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycemic control with metformin: a randomized, 52-week, double-blind, active-controlled noninferiority trial.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administra | 2011 |
Dapagliflozin versus glipizide as add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycemic control with metformin: a randomized, 52-week, double-blind, active-controlled noninferiority trial.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administra | 2011 |
Pioglitazone reduces urinary albumin excretion in renin-angiotensin system inhibitor-treated type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension and microalbuminuria: the APRIME study.
Topics: Albuminuria; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Anti | 2011 |
Effects of short-term therapy with glibenclamide and repaglinide on incretin hormones and oxidative damage associated with postprandial hyperglycaemia in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2011 |
Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin and the fixed-dose combination of sitagliptin and metformin vs. pioglitazone in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy | 2011 |
Associations between the use of metformin, sulphonylureas, or diet alone and cardiovascular outcomes in 6005 people with type 2 diabetes in the FIELD study.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Australia; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chi-Square Distribution; Diabetes Me | 2011 |
Effects of exenatide on measures of β-cell function after 3 years in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Female; Gl | 2011 |
Efficacy and safety of saxagliptin added to metformin in Asian people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Asia; Asian People; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabet | 2011 |
Efficacy and safety of saxagliptin added to metformin in Asian people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Asia; Asian People; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabet | 2011 |
Efficacy and safety of saxagliptin added to metformin in Asian people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Asia; Asian People; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabet | 2011 |
Efficacy and safety of saxagliptin added to metformin in Asian people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Asia; Asian People; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabet | 2011 |
Effect of folic acid supplementation on homocysteine, serum total antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Antioxidants; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Dose-Respo | 2011 |
Effects of a combination of oral anti-diabetes drugs with basal insulin therapy on β-cell function and glycaemic control in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Homeostasis; Humans; | 2012 |
Pharmacokinetics of a fixed-dose combination of atorvastatin and metformin extended release versus concurrent administration of individual formulations: a randomized, open-label, two-treatment, two-period, two-sequence, single-dose, crossover, bioequivale
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Atorvastatin; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; | 2011 |
Factors predicting therapeutic efficacy of combination treatment with sitagliptin and metformin in type 2 diabetic patients: the COSMETIC study.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2012 |
Exenatide decreases hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 resistance in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a mouse model of obesity and in a randomised controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Therapy, | 2011 |
Garlic (Allium sativum) supplementation with standard antidiabetic agent provides better diabetic control in type 2 diabetes patients.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dr | 2011 |
Cost-effectiveness of saxagliptin (Onglyza®) in type 2 diabetes in Sweden.
Topics: Adamantane; Biomarkers; Computer Simulation; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipep | 2012 |
Metformin restores the correlation between serum-oxidized LDL and leptin levels in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Leptin; Lipoproteins, LDL; Male; | 2011 |
Telecare Provides comparable efficacy to conventional self-monitored blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes titrating one injection of insulin glulisine-the ELEONOR study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Femal | 2012 |
Independent and combined effects of exercise training and metformin on insulin sensitivity in individuals with prediabetes.
Topics: Adult; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; | 2012 |
Effects of pioglitazone and metformin on vascular endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with sulfonylureas.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Brachial Artery; Chi-Square Distribution; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, | 2012 |
Effect of initial combination therapy with sitagliptin and metformin on β-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therap | 2012 |
Initial therapy with the fixed-dose combination of sitagliptin and metformin results in greater improvement in glycaemic control compared with pioglitazone monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind M | 2012 |
Effects of acarbose versus glibenclamide on glycemic excursion and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled by metformin: a 24-week, randomized, open-label, parallel-group comparison.
Topics: Acarbose; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dinoprost; | 2011 |
Effects of acarbose versus glibenclamide on glycemic excursion and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled by metformin: a 24-week, randomized, open-label, parallel-group comparison.
Topics: Acarbose; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dinoprost; | 2011 |
Effects of acarbose versus glibenclamide on glycemic excursion and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled by metformin: a 24-week, randomized, open-label, parallel-group comparison.
Topics: Acarbose; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dinoprost; | 2011 |
Effects of acarbose versus glibenclamide on glycemic excursion and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled by metformin: a 24-week, randomized, open-label, parallel-group comparison.
Topics: Acarbose; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dinoprost; | 2011 |
Comparing the effects of insulin glargine and thiazolidinediones on plasma lipids in type 2 diabetes: a patient-level pooled analysis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anticholesteremic Agents; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; F | 2012 |
Monitoring metformin in cardiac patients exposed to contrast media using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Cardiac Catheterization; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Contrast Media; Cre | 2011 |
Appropriate insulin initiation dosage for insulin-naive type 2 diabetes outpatients receiving insulin monotherapy or in combination with metformin and/or pioglitazone.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Femal | 2010 |
Adding saxagliptin to extended-release metformin vs. uptitrating metformin dosage.
Topics: Adamantane; Blood Glucose; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipep | 2012 |
Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hypercholesterolemic effects of Aloe vera leaf gel in hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Topics: Adult; Aloe; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gels; Glyburide; Humans; Hyperc | 2012 |
[Metabolic control and weight loss in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, treated with exenatide].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Obesity Agents; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; | 2012 |
Efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly versus metformin, pioglitazone, and sitagliptin used as monotherapy in drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes (DURATION-4): a 26-week double-blind study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Exenatide; Female; Hum | 2012 |
Efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly versus metformin, pioglitazone, and sitagliptin used as monotherapy in drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes (DURATION-4): a 26-week double-blind study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Exenatide; Female; Hum | 2012 |
Efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly versus metformin, pioglitazone, and sitagliptin used as monotherapy in drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes (DURATION-4): a 26-week double-blind study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Exenatide; Female; Hum | 2012 |
Efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly versus metformin, pioglitazone, and sitagliptin used as monotherapy in drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes (DURATION-4): a 26-week double-blind study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Exenatide; Female; Hum | 2012 |
Weight loss/maintenance as an effective tool for controlling type 2 diabetes: novel methodology to sustain weight reduction.
Topics: Behavior Therapy; Cardiovascular Diseases; Computers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Feedback; Humans; L | 2012 |
Addition of insulin glargine or NPH insulin to metformin monotherapy in poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients decreases IGF-I bioactivity similarly.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hu | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin on body weight, total fat mass, and regional adipose tissue distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with inadequate glycemic control on metformin.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Fat Distribution; Body Mass I | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin on body weight, total fat mass, and regional adipose tissue distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with inadequate glycemic control on metformin.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Fat Distribution; Body Mass I | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin on body weight, total fat mass, and regional adipose tissue distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with inadequate glycemic control on metformin.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Fat Distribution; Body Mass I | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin on body weight, total fat mass, and regional adipose tissue distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with inadequate glycemic control on metformin.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Fat Distribution; Body Mass I | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin on body weight, total fat mass, and regional adipose tissue distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with inadequate glycemic control on metformin.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Fat Distribution; Body Mass I | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin on body weight, total fat mass, and regional adipose tissue distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with inadequate glycemic control on metformin.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Fat Distribution; Body Mass I | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin on body weight, total fat mass, and regional adipose tissue distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with inadequate glycemic control on metformin.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Fat Distribution; Body Mass I | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin on body weight, total fat mass, and regional adipose tissue distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with inadequate glycemic control on metformin.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Fat Distribution; Body Mass I | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin on body weight, total fat mass, and regional adipose tissue distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with inadequate glycemic control on metformin.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Fat Distribution; Body Mass I | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin on body weight, total fat mass, and regional adipose tissue distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with inadequate glycemic control on metformin.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Fat Distribution; Body Mass I | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin on body weight, total fat mass, and regional adipose tissue distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with inadequate glycemic control on metformin.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Fat Distribution; Body Mass I | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin on body weight, total fat mass, and regional adipose tissue distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with inadequate glycemic control on metformin.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Fat Distribution; Body Mass I | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin on body weight, total fat mass, and regional adipose tissue distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with inadequate glycemic control on metformin.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Fat Distribution; Body Mass I | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin on body weight, total fat mass, and regional adipose tissue distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with inadequate glycemic control on metformin.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Fat Distribution; Body Mass I | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin on body weight, total fat mass, and regional adipose tissue distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with inadequate glycemic control on metformin.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Fat Distribution; Body Mass I | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin on body weight, total fat mass, and regional adipose tissue distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with inadequate glycemic control on metformin.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Fat Distribution; Body Mass I | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin on body weight, total fat mass, and regional adipose tissue distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with inadequate glycemic control on metformin.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Fat Distribution; Body Mass I | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin on body weight, total fat mass, and regional adipose tissue distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with inadequate glycemic control on metformin.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Fat Distribution; Body Mass I | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin on body weight, total fat mass, and regional adipose tissue distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with inadequate glycemic control on metformin.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Fat Distribution; Body Mass I | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin on body weight, total fat mass, and regional adipose tissue distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with inadequate glycemic control on metformin.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Fat Distribution; Body Mass I | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin on body weight, total fat mass, and regional adipose tissue distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with inadequate glycemic control on metformin.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Fat Distribution; Body Mass I | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin on body weight, total fat mass, and regional adipose tissue distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with inadequate glycemic control on metformin.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Fat Distribution; Body Mass I | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin on body weight, total fat mass, and regional adipose tissue distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with inadequate glycemic control on metformin.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Fat Distribution; Body Mass I | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin on body weight, total fat mass, and regional adipose tissue distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with inadequate glycemic control on metformin.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Fat Distribution; Body Mass I | 2012 |
Effects of dapagliflozin on body weight, total fat mass, and regional adipose tissue distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with inadequate glycemic control on metformin.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Fat Distribution; Body Mass I | 2012 |
Distinct effects of pioglitazone and metformin on circulating sclerostin and biochemical markers of bone turnover in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Bone and Bones; Bone Morphogenetic Pr | 2012 |
Addition of liraglutide in patients with Type 2 diabetes well controlled on metformin monotherapy improves several markers of vascular function.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Arginine; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinati | 2012 |
Effect of saxagliptin as add-on therapy in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes on insulin alone or insulin combined with metformin.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV | 2012 |
Effect of saxagliptin as add-on therapy in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes on insulin alone or insulin combined with metformin.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV | 2012 |
Effect of saxagliptin as add-on therapy in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes on insulin alone or insulin combined with metformin.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV | 2012 |
Effect of saxagliptin as add-on therapy in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes on insulin alone or insulin combined with metformin.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV | 2012 |
Determinants of glycemic control in youth with type 2 diabetes at randomization in the TODAY study.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; In | 2012 |
Initial combination of linagliptin and metformin improves glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Method; D | 2012 |
Metformin monotherapy in youth with recent onset type 2 diabetes: experience from the prerandomization run-in phase of the TODAY study.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemog | 2012 |
Efficacy and tolerability of vildagliptin as add-on therapy to metformin in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipepti | 2012 |
A randomized non-inferiority study comparing the addition of exenatide twice daily to sitagliptin or switching from sitagliptin to exenatide twice daily in patients with type 2 diabetes experiencing inadequate glycaemic control on metformin and sitaglipti
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Argentina; Australia; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl- | 2012 |
Strict glycaemic control improves skin microcirculation in patients with type 2 diabetes: a report from the Diabetes mellitus And Diastolic Dysfunction (DADD) study.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Brachial Artery; Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitu | 2012 |
Population PK/PD analysis of metformin using the signal transduction model.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Chromatography, Liquid; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypogly | 2012 |
KCNJ11 gene E23K variant and therapeutic response to sulfonylureas.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Resistance; Drug Therapy, Combination; | 2012 |
Fasting plasma glucose 6-12 weeks after starting insulin glargine predicts likelihood of treatment success: a pooled analysis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, | 2012 |
Dapagliflozin, metformin XR, or both: initial pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes, a randomised controlled trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2012 |
Dapagliflozin, metformin XR, or both: initial pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes, a randomised controlled trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2012 |
Dapagliflozin, metformin XR, or both: initial pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes, a randomised controlled trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2012 |
Dapagliflozin, metformin XR, or both: initial pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes, a randomised controlled trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2012 |
Efficacy and tolerability of the DPP-4 inhibitor alogliptin combined with pioglitazone, in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2012 |
Glycemic control over 5 years in 4,900 people with type 2 diabetes: real-world diabetes therapy in a clinical trial cohort.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; In | 2012 |
Long-term safety, tolerability, and weight loss associated with metformin in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up St | 2012 |
Long-term safety, tolerability, and weight loss associated with metformin in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up St | 2012 |
Long-term safety, tolerability, and weight loss associated with metformin in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up St | 2012 |
Long-term safety, tolerability, and weight loss associated with metformin in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up St | 2012 |
Long-term safety, tolerability, and weight loss associated with metformin in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up St | 2012 |
Long-term safety, tolerability, and weight loss associated with metformin in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up St | 2012 |
Long-term safety, tolerability, and weight loss associated with metformin in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up St | 2012 |
Long-term safety, tolerability, and weight loss associated with metformin in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up St | 2012 |
Long-term safety, tolerability, and weight loss associated with metformin in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up St | 2012 |
Long-term safety, tolerability, and weight loss associated with metformin in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up St | 2012 |
Long-term safety, tolerability, and weight loss associated with metformin in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up St | 2012 |
Long-term safety, tolerability, and weight loss associated with metformin in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up St | 2012 |
Long-term safety, tolerability, and weight loss associated with metformin in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up St | 2012 |
Long-term safety, tolerability, and weight loss associated with metformin in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up St | 2012 |
Long-term safety, tolerability, and weight loss associated with metformin in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up St | 2012 |
Long-term safety, tolerability, and weight loss associated with metformin in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up St | 2012 |
Dose-ranging effects of canagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, as add-on to metformin in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Rela | 2012 |
Dose-ranging effects of canagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, as add-on to metformin in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Rela | 2012 |
Dose-ranging effects of canagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, as add-on to metformin in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Rela | 2012 |
Dose-ranging effects of canagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, as add-on to metformin in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Rela | 2012 |
Bean and rice meals reduce postprandial glycemic response in adults with type 2 diabetes: a cross-over study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Breakfast; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Melli | 2012 |
Vildagliptin added to metformin on β-cell function after a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic and hyperglycemic clamp in type 2 diabetes patients.
Topics: Adamantane; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Comb | 2012 |
The effect of sitagliptin versus glibenclamide on arterial stiffness, blood pressure, lipids, and inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; C-Reactive Protein; Cross-Over Studies; Diab | 2012 |
Imeglimin, a novel glimin oral antidiabetic, exhibits a good efficacy and safety profile in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2012 |
Efficacy and safety of taspoglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin plus pioglitazone over 24 weeks: T-Emerge 3 trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method | 2012 |
Exenatide plus metformin compared with metformin alone on β-cell function in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Th | 2012 |
A clinical trial to maintain glycemic control in youth with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
A clinical trial to maintain glycemic control in youth with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
A clinical trial to maintain glycemic control in youth with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
A clinical trial to maintain glycemic control in youth with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
A clinical trial to maintain glycemic control in youth with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
A clinical trial to maintain glycemic control in youth with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
A clinical trial to maintain glycemic control in youth with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
A clinical trial to maintain glycemic control in youth with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
A clinical trial to maintain glycemic control in youth with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
A clinical trial to maintain glycemic control in youth with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
A clinical trial to maintain glycemic control in youth with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
A clinical trial to maintain glycemic control in youth with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
A clinical trial to maintain glycemic control in youth with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
A clinical trial to maintain glycemic control in youth with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
A clinical trial to maintain glycemic control in youth with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
A clinical trial to maintain glycemic control in youth with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
A clinical trial to maintain glycemic control in youth with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
A clinical trial to maintain glycemic control in youth with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
A clinical trial to maintain glycemic control in youth with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
A clinical trial to maintain glycemic control in youth with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
A clinical trial to maintain glycemic control in youth with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
A clinical trial to maintain glycemic control in youth with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
A clinical trial to maintain glycemic control in youth with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
A clinical trial to maintain glycemic control in youth with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
A clinical trial to maintain glycemic control in youth with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2012 |
Effect of canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, on bacteriuria and urinary tract infection in subjects with type 2 diabetes enrolled in a 12-week, phase 2 study.
Topics: Bacteriuria; Blood Glucose; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; G | 2012 |
Efficacy and safety of alogliptin added to metformin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with an open-label, long-term extension study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Admin | 2012 |
Sequential intensification of metformin treatment in type 2 diabetes with liraglutide followed by randomized addition of basal insulin prompted by A1C targets.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucag | 2012 |
Metformin as an adjunct to insulin for glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes after CABG surgery: a randomized double blind clinical trial.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Coronary Artery Bypass; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Hyperglycemia | 2011 |
Long-term effects of adding exenatide to a regimen of metformin and/or sulfonylurea in type 2 diabetes: an uncontrolled, open-label trial in Hungary.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Female; | 2012 |
Dapagliflozin has no effect on markers of bone formation and resorption or bone mineral density in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus on metformin.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Bone Dens | 2012 |
Comparison of a soluble co-formulation of insulin degludec/insulin aspart vs biphasic insulin aspart 30 in type 2 diabetes: a randomised trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biphasic Insulins; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dr | 2012 |
Effects of a vildagliptin/metformin combination on markers of atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and inflammation in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease.
Topics: Adamantane; Adiponectin; Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2012 |
The addition of sitagliptin to ongoing metformin therapy significantly improves glycemic control in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Adult; Aged; Asian People; Blood Glucose; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diarrhea | 2012 |
Effects of a combination of sitagliptin plus metformin vs metformin monotherapy on glycemic control, β-cell function and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug T | 2012 |
Insulin glargine versus sitagliptin in insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus uncontrolled on metformin (EASIE): a multicentre, randomised open-label trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2012 |
Exenatide twice daily versus glimepiride for prevention of glycaemic deterioration in patients with type 2 diabetes with metformin failure (EUREXA): an open-label, randomised controlled trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2012 |
Reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation by blunting daily acute glucose fluctuations in patients with type 2 diabetes: role of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibition.
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Fema | 2012 |
Impact of lifestyle intervention and metformin on health-related quality of life: the diabetes prevention program randomized trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Exercise; Female; Humans; Life Style; M | 2012 |
β-cell function preservation after 3.5 years of intensive diabetes therapy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glyburide; Glycated Hemoglobin; Human | 2012 |
Liver fat is reduced by an isoenergetic MUFA diet in a controlled randomized study in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Fats; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Fatty Liver; F | 2012 |
Effect of anti-IL-1β antibody (canakinumab) on insulin secretion rates in impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Blood Glucose; D | 2012 |
Effects of frequency of follow-up on quality of life of type 2 diabetes patients on oral hypoglycemics.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Co | 2012 |
Exenatide improves endothelial function assessed by flow mediated dilation technique in subjects with type 2 diabetes: results from an observational research.
Topics: Aged; Blood Flow Velocity; Brachial Artery; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; El | 2013 |
Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin added to ongoing metformin and rosiglitazone combination therapy in a randomized placebo-controlled 54-week trial in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated H | 2013 |
2-year efficacy and safety of linagliptin compared with glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin: a randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Bl | 2012 |
Add-on therapies to metformin in type 2 diabetes: what modulates the respective decrements in postprandial and basal glucose?
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Area Under Curve; Basal Metabolism; Blood Glucose; Di | 2012 |
Add-on therapies to metformin in type 2 diabetes: what modulates the respective decrements in postprandial and basal glucose?
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Area Under Curve; Basal Metabolism; Blood Glucose; Di | 2012 |
Add-on therapies to metformin in type 2 diabetes: what modulates the respective decrements in postprandial and basal glucose?
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Area Under Curve; Basal Metabolism; Blood Glucose; Di | 2012 |
Add-on therapies to metformin in type 2 diabetes: what modulates the respective decrements in postprandial and basal glucose?
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Area Under Curve; Basal Metabolism; Blood Glucose; Di | 2012 |
Diabetes, metformin use, and colon cancer: a population-based cohort study in Taiwan.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Colonic Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female | 2012 |
Combination treatment with ipragliflozin and metformin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug I | 2012 |
Combination treatment with ipragliflozin and metformin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug I | 2012 |
Combination treatment with ipragliflozin and metformin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug I | 2012 |
Combination treatment with ipragliflozin and metformin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug I | 2012 |
Comparing the efficacy and safety profile of sitagliptin versus glimepiride in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with metformin alone.
Topics: Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dose-Response Relationsh | 2012 |
Effect of insulin versus triple oral therapy on the progression of hepatic steatosis in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fatty Liver; Fema | 2012 |
Continuous glucose profiles with vildagliptin versus sitagliptin in add-on to metformin: results from the randomized Optima study.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring | 2012 |
Continuous glucose profiles with vildagliptin versus sitagliptin in add-on to metformin: results from the randomized Optima study.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring | 2012 |
Continuous glucose profiles with vildagliptin versus sitagliptin in add-on to metformin: results from the randomized Optima study.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring | 2012 |
Continuous glucose profiles with vildagliptin versus sitagliptin in add-on to metformin: results from the randomized Optima study.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring | 2012 |
Effect of pioglitazone on testosterone in eugonadal men with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Me | 2013 |
Efficacy and safety of switching from the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin to the human GLP-1 analog liraglutide after 52 weeks in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, open-label trial.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Gl | 2012 |
Metformin, but not glimepiride, improves carotid artery diameter and blood flow in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Carotid Arteries; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2012 |
Initial combination therapy with metformin plus colesevelam in drug-naïve Hispanic patients with early type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Allylamine; Anticholesteremic Agents; Cholesterol; Colesevelam Hydrochloride; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2012 |
Efficacy and tolerability of exenatide monotherapy in obese patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a randomized, 26 weeks metformin-controlled, parallel-group study.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypo | 2012 |
Taspoglutide, a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue, vs. insulin glargine titrated to target in patients with Type 2 diabetes: an open-label randomized trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Glucagon-L | 2013 |
Treating type 2 diabetes in youth: a depressing picture.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Thiazolidinediones | 2012 |
Efficacy and tolerability of taspoglutide versus pioglitazone in subjects with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled with sulphonylurea or sulphonylurea-metformin therapy: a randomized, double-blind study (T-emerge 6).
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dizziness; Double-Blind Method; Drug Ad | 2013 |
Effects of metformin on markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant reserve in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial.
Topics: Adult; Advanced Oxidation Protein Products; Antioxidants; Aryldialkylphosphatase; Biomarkers; Blood | 2013 |
Linagliptin monotherapy in type 2 diabetes patients for whom metformin is inappropriate: an 18-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial with a 34-week active-controlled extension.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pep | 2012 |
Effect of metformin glycinate on glycated hemoglobin A1C concentration and insulin sensitivity in drug-naive adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucose Cl | 2012 |
Effect of metformin glycinate on glycated hemoglobin A1C concentration and insulin sensitivity in drug-naive adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucose Cl | 2012 |
Effect of metformin glycinate on glycated hemoglobin A1C concentration and insulin sensitivity in drug-naive adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucose Cl | 2012 |
Effect of metformin glycinate on glycated hemoglobin A1C concentration and insulin sensitivity in drug-naive adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucose Cl | 2012 |
Effect of metformin glycinate on glycated hemoglobin A1C concentration and insulin sensitivity in drug-naive adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucose Cl | 2012 |
Effect of metformin glycinate on glycated hemoglobin A1C concentration and insulin sensitivity in drug-naive adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucose Cl | 2012 |
Effect of metformin glycinate on glycated hemoglobin A1C concentration and insulin sensitivity in drug-naive adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucose Cl | 2012 |
Effect of metformin glycinate on glycated hemoglobin A1C concentration and insulin sensitivity in drug-naive adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucose Cl | 2012 |
Effect of metformin glycinate on glycated hemoglobin A1C concentration and insulin sensitivity in drug-naive adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucose Cl | 2012 |
Effects of genetic variants previously associated with fasting glucose and insulin in the Diabetes Prevention Program.
Topics: Alleles; Blood Glucose; Cohort Studies; Delta-5 Fatty Acid Desaturase; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Et | 2012 |
Real-life comparison of DPP4-inhibitors with conventional oral antidiabetics as add-on therapy to metformin in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: the HYPOCRAS study.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Drug Therapy, Combination; | 2012 |
Effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the pharmacokinetics of metformin in obese pregnant women.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Obesity; Polycysti | 2012 |
Effects of saxagliptin added to sub-maximal doses of metformin compared with uptitration of metformin in type 2 diabetes: the PROMPT study.
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double- | 2012 |
Safety of exenatide once weekly in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with a thiazolidinedione alone or in combination with metformin for 2 years.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Female; Glucagon-Like | 2012 |
Improved glycaemic control with vildagliptin added to insulin, with or without metformin, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Asia; Australia; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; | 2013 |
Chemerin and apelin are positively correlated with inflammation in obese type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Apelin; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Chemokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dinoprost; Humans; Hy | 2012 |
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluating sitagliptin action on insulin resistance parameters and β-cell function.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hyp | 2012 |
Addition of either pioglitazone or a sulfonylurea in type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled with metformin alone: impact on cardiovascular events. A randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Thera | 2012 |
Metformin compared with insulin in the treatment of pregnant women with overt diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Fetal Blood; Humans; Hyp | 2013 |
Lack of the QTc physiologic decrease during cardiac stress test in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with secretagogues.
Topics: Aged; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Electrocardiography; Exercise Tes | 2014 |
Vildagliptin action on some adipocytokine levels in type 2 diabetic patients: a 12-month, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Chemokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double | 2012 |
The efficacy and safety of imeglimin as add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metfo | 2013 |
Efficacy and safety of ipragliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin: a dose-finding study.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind | 2013 |
Metformin in obese children and adolescents: the MOCA trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Age of Onset; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up S | 2013 |
Gender-dependent effects of metformin on vaspin and adiponectin in type 2 diabetes patients: a randomized clinical trial.
Topics: Adiponectin; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; M | 2013 |
Effects of metformin versus glipizide on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2013 |
Effects of metformin versus glipizide on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2013 |
Effects of metformin versus glipizide on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2013 |
Effects of metformin versus glipizide on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2013 |
Safety and efficacy of insulin aspart and soluble human insulin in Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hyp | 2012 |
Once-weekly exenatide versus once- or twice-daily insulin detemir: randomized, open-label, clinical trial of efficacy and safety in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin alone or in combination with sulfonylureas.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Detemir; In | 2013 |
Treatment with pioglitazone is associated with decreased preprandial ghrelin levels: a randomized clinical trial.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Ghrelin; Glucose Tolerance Tes | 2013 |
Comparative study of sitagliptin with pioglitazone in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients: the COMPASS randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fema | 2013 |
Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor gemigliptin compared with sitagliptin added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidas | 2013 |
Comparative effects of metformin and pioglitazone on omentin and leptin concentrations in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes: a randomized clinical trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; GPI-Linked Proteins; Human | 2013 |
Efficacy and safety of glimepiride/metformin sustained release once daily vs. glimepiride/metformin twice daily in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2013 |
Effect of pioglitazone versus metformin on cardiovascular risk markers in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Diabetes Mel | 2013 |
Pharmacodynamic characteristics of lixisenatide once daily versus liraglutide once daily in patients with type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Resistance; Fe | 2013 |
Effect of vildagliptin compared to glimepiride on postprandial proinsulin processing in the β cell of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adamantane; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhi | 2013 |
A Phase IIb, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Argentina; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabete | 2013 |
A Phase IIb, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Argentina; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabete | 2013 |
A Phase IIb, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Argentina; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabete | 2013 |
A Phase IIb, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Argentina; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabete | 2013 |
A Phase IIb, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Argentina; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabete | 2013 |
A Phase IIb, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Argentina; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabete | 2013 |
A Phase IIb, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Argentina; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabete | 2013 |
A Phase IIb, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Argentina; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabete | 2013 |
A Phase IIb, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Argentina; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabete | 2013 |
Side effects. Calcium supplements help metformin users absorb vitamin B12.
Topics: Calcium; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Intestinal Absorption; Metformin; V | 2000 |
[The efficacy and safety of pioglitazone hydrochloride in combination with sulphonylureas and metfomin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus a 12-week randomized multi-centres placebo-controlled parallel study].
Topics: Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Consumer Product Safety; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-R | 2002 |
Improved glycaemic control with metformin-glibenclamide combined tablet therapy (Glucovance) in Type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled on metformin.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blin | 2002 |
Repaglinide versus metformin in combination with bedtime NPH insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes established on insulin/metformin combination therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Carbamates; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug | 2002 |
Comparison of insulin monotherapy and combination therapy with insulin and metformin or insulin and troglitazone in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Aged; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug The | 2002 |
A diabetes outcome progression trial (ADOPT): an international multicenter study of the comparative efficacy of rosiglitazone, glyburide, and metformin in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Albuminuria; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Double-Blind Method; Gly | 2002 |
Discontinuation of metformin in type 2 diabetes patients treated with insulin.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2002 |
Improved glucose control decreases the interaction of plasma low-density lipoproteins with arterial proteoglycans.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fructosamine; G | 2002 |
Glyburide/metformin combination product is safe and efficacious in patients with type 2 diabetes failing sulphonylurea therapy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Femal | 2002 |
Differential effect of glyburide (glibenclamide) and metformin on QT dispersion: a potential adenosine triphosphate sensitive K+ channel effect.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Electrocardiogra | 2002 |
Metformin plus glyburide combination as initial therapy in type 2 diabetes: one month follow-up.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; | 2002 |
Metformin plus glyburide combination as therapy in failure to monotherapy in type 2 diabetic patients: one month follow-up.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; | 2002 |
Rosiglitazone but not metformin enhances insulin- and exercise-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptake in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Exercise; F | 2002 |
Effect of combination glipizide GITS/metformin on fibrinolytic and metabolic parameters in poorly controlled type 2 diabetic subjects.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; | 2002 |
Combination of insulin and metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, D | 2002 |
Diet and exercise dramatically delay type 2 diabetes.
Topics: China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Exercise; Finland; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; U | 2001 |
Costs associated with the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the diabetes prevention program.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Direct Service Costs; Drug Monitoring; Health Expenditures; Humans; Hypog | 2003 |
A randomized trial of sibutramine in the management of obese type 2 diabetic patients treated with metformin.
Topics: Appetite Depressants; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cyclobutanes; Diabetes Mellitus; D | 2003 |
Differential effects of rosiglitazone and metformin on adipose tissue distribution and glucose uptake in type 2 diabetic subjects.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fluorodeoxygluc | 2003 |
Acarbose improves glycemic control in overweight type 2 diabetic patients insufficiently treated with metformin.
Topics: Acarbose; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Dr | 2003 |
Beneficial effects of a glyburide/metformin combination preparation in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Glyburide; Hemoglobin A; Humans; Hypogl | 2003 |
Modulation of circulating and adipose tissue adiponectin levels by antidiabetic therapy.
Topics: Adipocytes; Adiponectin; Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Biopsy; Chromans; Culture Media, Conditioned; | 2003 |
Nocturnal and postprandial free fatty acid kinetics in normal and type 2 diabetic subjects: effects of insulin sensitization therapy.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Chromans; Circadian Rhythm; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, | 2003 |
Leptin and body fat in type 2 diabetes and monodrug therapy.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol, HDL; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Me | 2003 |
Effect of pioglitazone compared with metformin on glycemic control and indicators of insulin sensitivity in recently diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Apolipoproteins B; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2003 |
Contraindications to use of metformin. Metformin may be useful in gestational diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Fetus; Humans; H | 2003 |
Six-month efficacy of benfluorex vs. placebo or metformin in diet-failed type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Appetite Depressants; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Fasting; Female | 2003 |
Effect of metformin and sulfonylurea on C-reactive protein level in well-controlled type 2 diabetics with metabolic syndrome.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glyburide; Hu | 2003 |
Elevated plasma levels of the atherogenic mediator soluble CD40 ligand in diabetic patients: a novel target of thiazolidinediones.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Arteriosclerosis; Body Mass Index; CD40 Ligand; Chromans; Chronic Diseas | 2003 |
Glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus switched from twice-daily immediate-release metformin to a once-daily extended-release formulation.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Adm | 2003 |
Comparison of glycaemic control and cardiovascular risk profile in patients with type 2 diabetes during treatment with either repaglinide or metformin.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypog | 2003 |
Regulation of skeletal muscle morphology in type 2 diabetic subjects by troglitazone and metformin: relationship to glucose disposal.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biopsy; Capillaries; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose; Histocytoche | 2003 |
The Diabetes Prevention Program.
Topics: Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Ang | 2003 |
Elevated concentrations of C-reactive protein in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus are moderately influenced by glycemic control.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2003 |
Comparison of the micro- and macro-vascular effects of glimepiride and gliclazide in metformin-treated patients with Type 2 diabetes: a double-blind, crossover study.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind | 2003 |
The diabetes prevention program and its global implications.
Topics: Adult; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Sch | 2003 |
Efficacy and safety of combination therapy: repaglinide plus metformin versus nateglinide plus metformin.
Topics: Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Carbamates; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, | 2003 |
Efficacy and safety of a combination of metformin and rosiglitaone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus--a postmarketing study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hum | 2003 |
Multicenter, randomized, double-masked, parallel-group assessment of simultaneous glipizide/metformin as second-line pharmacologic treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus that is inadequately controlled by a sulfonylurea.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Dru | 2003 |
Combination treatment with metformin and glibenclamide versus single-drug therapies in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind, comparative study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2003 |
Efffect of addition of low-dose rosiglitazone to sulphonylurea therapy on glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2003 |
Insulin 70/30 mix plus metformin versus triple oral therapy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes after failure of two oral drugs: efficacy, safety, and cost analysis.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Costs; Drug Resistance; | 2003 |
Effect on glycemic control of exenatide (synthetic exendin-4) additive to existing metformin and/or sulfonylurea treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ex | 2003 |
Efficacy of glyburide/metformin tablets compared with initial monotherapy in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combin | 2003 |
Within-trial cost-effectiveness of lifestyle intervention or metformin for the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Attitude to Health; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypogly | 2003 |
Within-trial cost-effectiveness of lifestyle intervention or metformin for the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Attitude to Health; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypogly | 2003 |
Within-trial cost-effectiveness of lifestyle intervention or metformin for the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Attitude to Health; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypogly | 2003 |
Within-trial cost-effectiveness of lifestyle intervention or metformin for the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Attitude to Health; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypogly | 2003 |
Efficacy, tolerability and safety of nateglinide in combination with metformin. Results from a study under general practice conditions.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes M | 2003 |
Lispro insulin and metformin versus other combination in the diabetes mellitus type 2 management after secondary oral antidiabetic drug failure.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fem | 2003 |
Effects of short-term treatment with metformin on serum concentrations of homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; F | 2003 |
Genetic cause of hyperglycaemia and response to treatment in diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2003 |
Recombinant glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36 amide) lowers fasting serum glucose in a broad spectrum of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Com | 2003 |
Comparison of additional metformin or NPH insulin to mealtime insulin lispro therapy with mealtime human insulin therapy in secondary OAD failure.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2003 |
Therapy after single oral agent failure: adding a second oral agent or an insulin mixture?
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Huma | 2003 |
Effect of metformin on fibrinolytic parameters in insulin-treated, type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fibrinogen; | 2003 |
Comparison of repaglinide vs. gliclazide in combination with bedtime NPH insulin in patients with Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with oral hypoglycaemic agents.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2003 |
The combined effect of triple therapy with rosiglitazone, metformin, and insulin aspart in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; C-Peptide; Circadian Rhythm; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellit | 2003 |
3.5 years of insulin therapy with insulin glargine improves in vivo endothelial function in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Adult; Aged; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2004 |
Effects of short-term metformin treatment on insulin sensitivity of blood glucose and free fatty acids.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Fema | 2004 |
Decrease in serum C-reactive protein levels by troglitazone is associated with pretreatment insulin resistance, but independent of its effect on glycemia, in type 2 diabetic subjects.
Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2004 |
Favorable effects of pioglitazone and metformin compared with gliclazide on lipoprotein subfractions in overweight patients with early type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gliclazide; Glycated | 2004 |
One-year glycemic control with a sulfonylurea plus pioglitazone versus a sulfonylurea plus metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 2004 |
Comparative bioavailability of two oral formulations manufactured in Mexico containing glyburide and metformin in diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Biological Availability; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Chromatography, High Pre | 2003 |
Nine weeks of bedtime diazoxide is well tolerated and improves beta-cell function in subjects with Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diazoxide; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedu | 2004 |
[The use of oral antidiabetic drugs in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome].
Topics: Acarbose; Administration, Oral; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 2003 |
Effect of metformin treatment on multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mel | 2004 |
Glycemic control with glyburide/metformin tablets in combination with rosiglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glyb | 2004 |
Addition of pioglitazone or bedtime insulin to maximal doses of sulfonylurea and metformin in type 2 diabetes patients with poor glucose control: a prospective, randomized trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cholesterol; Chromatography, High Pre | 2004 |
Complementary mode of action of rosiglitazone and metformin in a single tablet for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Area Under Curve; Biological Availability; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Rel | 2004 |
Effects of a combination of recombinant human growth hormone with metformin on glucose metabolism and body composition in patients with metabolic syndrome.
Topics: Aged; Arginine; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Composition; Body Constitution; Body Weight; Dia | 2004 |
Comparison of pioglitazone and metformin efficacy using homeostasis model assessment.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Homeostasis; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ma | 2004 |
Beneficial effects of addition of oral spray insulin (Oralin) on insulin secretion and metabolic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus suboptimally controlled on oral hypoglycemic agents.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2004 |
Blood pressure and cardiac autonomic nervous system in obese type 2 diabetic patients: effect of metformin administration.
Topics: Aged; Anthropometry; Autonomic Nervous System; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes M | 2004 |
Pioglitazone is effective therapy for elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combi | 2004 |
Effect of pramlintide on weight in overweight and obese insulin-treated type 2 diabetes patients.
Topics: Aged; Amyloid; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bl | 2004 |
Starting insulin in type 2 diabetes: continue oral hypoglycemic agents? A randomized trial in primary care.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated Hemoglo | 2004 |
Pioglitazone as monotherapy or in combination with sulfonylurea or metformin enhances insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S or QUICKI) in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fem | 2004 |
Vascular effects of improving metabolic control with metformin or rosiglitazone in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; F | 2004 |
Efficacy and tolerability of initial combination therapy with nateglinide and metformin in treatment-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hum | 2004 |
Improved glycemic control without weight gain using triple therapy in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ethnicity; Female; | 2004 |
Real world effectiveness of rosiglitazone added to maximal (tolerated) doses of metformin and a sulfonylurea agent: a systematic evaluation of triple oral therapy in a minority population.
Topics: Algorithms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; | 2004 |
Enhancement of early- and late-phase insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity by the combination of repaglinide and metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; C-Peptide; Carbamates; Cohort Studies; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2004 |
The effect of oral folic acid on glutathione, glycaemia and lipids in Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Albuminuria; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2004 |
Pioglitazone reduces blood pressure in non-dipping diabetic patients.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Circa | 2004 |
Effects of rosiglitazone and metformin on liver fat content, hepatic insulin resistance, insulin clearance, and gene expression in adipose tissue in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; | 2004 |
Nateglinide alone or with metformin safely improves glycaemia to target in patients up to an age of 84.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy | 2004 |
Effect of Pancreas Tonic (an ayurvedic herbal supplement) in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Electrocardiography; Female; G | 2004 |
Metabolic variations with oral antidiabetic drugs in patients with Type 2 diabetes: comparison between glimepiride and metformin.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female; Food; Glycated Hemoglobin; Homocyst | 2004 |
Metformin ameliorates treatment of obese type 2 diabetic patients with mental retardation; its effects on eating behavior and serum leptin levels.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Energy Intake; Feedin | 2004 |
The combination oral and nutritional treatment of late-onset diabetes mellitus (CONTROL DM) trial results.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Brachial Artery; Carbamates; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes | 2004 |
Pre-prandial vs. post-prandial capillary glucose measurements as targets for repaglinide dose titration in people with diet-treated or metformin-treated Type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled clinical trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Specimen Collection; Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug A | 2004 |
Effect of metformin vs. placebo treatment on serum fatty acids in non-diabetic obese insulin resistant individuals.
Topics: Adult; Anthropometry; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; | 2004 |
Durable efficacy of metformin/glibenclamide combination tablets (Glucovance) during 52 weeks of open-label treatment in type 2 diabetic patients with hyperglycaemia despite previous sulphonylurea monotherapy.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glyburide | 2004 |
Adiponectin and C-reactive protein in obesity, type 2 diabetes, and monodrug therapy.
Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Body Composition; C-Reactive Protein; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Melli | 2004 |
Augmented metabolic control improves myocardial diastolic function and perfusion in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes.
Topics: Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Pressure; Blood Volume; Coronary Circulation; Coronary Disease; Diabetes | 2004 |
Augmented metabolic control improves myocardial diastolic function and perfusion in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes.
Topics: Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Pressure; Blood Volume; Coronary Circulation; Coronary Disease; Diabetes | 2004 |
Augmented metabolic control improves myocardial diastolic function and perfusion in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes.
Topics: Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Pressure; Blood Volume; Coronary Circulation; Coronary Disease; Diabetes | 2004 |
Augmented metabolic control improves myocardial diastolic function and perfusion in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes.
Topics: Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Pressure; Blood Volume; Coronary Circulation; Coronary Disease; Diabetes | 2004 |
Twelve- and 52-week efficacy of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor LAF237 in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucose | 2004 |
Metformin or gliclazide, rather than glibenclamide, attenuate progression of carotid intima-media thickness in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Carotid Arteries; Carotid Artery Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fem | 2004 |
Enhancement of insulin-stimulated myocardial glucose uptake in patients with Type 2 diabetes treated with rosiglitazone.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insuli | 2004 |
Efficacy and safety of pioglitazone versus metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double-blind, randomized trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Albuminuria; Blood Glucose; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; | 2004 |
Effects of pioglitazone on the components of diabetic dyslipidaemia: results of double-blind, multicentre, randomised studies.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2004 |
Effects of short-term treatment with metformin on markers of endothelial function and inflammatory activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Albuminuria; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2005 |
Efficacy, dose-response relationship and safety of once-daily extended-release metformin (Glucophage XR) in type 2 diabetic patients with inadequate glycaemic control despite prior treatment with diet and exercise: results from two double-blind, placebo-c
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, LDL; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2005 |
Addition of rosiglitazone to glimepirid and metformin combination therapy in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Diabetes | 2004 |
Use of glimepiride and insulin sensitizers in the treatment of type 2 diabetes--a study in Indians.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; India; Insulin; Insulin Resis | 2004 |
Comparison of basal insulin added to oral agents versus twice-daily premixed insulin as initial insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hy | 2005 |
Initiating insulin therapy in type 2 Diabetes: a comparison of biphasic and basal insulin analogs.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gly | 2005 |
Comparison of effect of pioglitazone with metformin or sulfonylurea (monotherapy and combination therapy) on postload glycemia and composite insulin sensitivity index during an oral glucose tolerance test in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Femal | 2005 |
Haematocrit, type 2 diabetes, and endothelium-dependent vasodilatation of resistance vessels.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Blood Flow Velocity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Dose-Response | 2005 |
Effects of a combination of rhGH and metformin on adiponectin levels in patients with metabolic syndrome.
Topics: Adiponectin; Body Composition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combina | 2005 |
Effects of metformin on the body composition in subjects with risk factors for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; | 2005 |
Comparative outcomes study of metformin intervention versus conventional approach the COSMIC Approach Study.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metfor | 2005 |
The effects of rosiglitazone and metformin on the plasma concentrations of resistin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hom | 2005 |
Twice-daily pre-mixed insulin rather than basal insulin therapy alone results in better overall glycaemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Circadian Rhythm; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Ad | 2005 |
Prevention of type 2 diabetes with troglitazone in the Diabetes Prevention Program.
Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2005 |
Combined therapy with insulin lispro Mix 75/25 plus metformin or insulin glargine plus metformin: a 16-week, randomized, open-label, crossover study in patients with type 2 diabetes beginning insulin therapy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Sched | 2004 |
A randomized study of orlistat in combination with a weight management programme in obese patients with Type 2 diabetes treated with metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anthropometry; Anti-Obesity Agents; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2005 |
Continuing metformin when starting insulin in patients with Type 2 diabetes: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hemo | 2005 |
Effects of metformin and rosiglitazone treatment on insulin signaling and glucose uptake in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Gene Expression Reg | 2005 |
Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control over 30 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin and a sulfonylurea.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exena | 2005 |
Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control and weight over 30 weeks in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exena | 2005 |
Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control and weight over 30 weeks in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exena | 2005 |
Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control and weight over 30 weeks in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exena | 2005 |
Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control and weight over 30 weeks in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exena | 2005 |
Effect on glycemic control of the addition of 2.5 mg glipizide GITS to metformin in patients with T2DM.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Do | 2005 |
Effects of two different glibenclamide dose-strengths in the fixed combination with metformin in patients with poorly controlled T2DM: a double blind, prospective, randomised, cross-over clinical trial.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dou | 2004 |
Long-term efficacy and tolerability of add-on pioglitazone therapy to failing monotherapy compared with addition of gliclazide or metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gliclazide; Gl | 2005 |
Antithrombotic effects of rosiglitazone-metformin versus glimepiride-metformin combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Fi | 2005 |
Effects of pentoxifylline on oxidative stress and levels of EGF and NO in blood of diabetic type-2 patients; a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Epidermal Growth Factor; Female; Free Radical Scaven | 2005 |
Does metformin decrease blood pressure in patients with Type 2 diabetes intensively treated with insulin?
Topics: Age Factors; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellit | 2005 |
Safety and tolerability of pioglitazone, metformin, and gliclazide in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Blood Glucose; | 2005 |
Rosiglitazone Evaluated for Cardiac Outcomes and Regulation of Glycaemia in Diabetes (RECORD): study design and protocol.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2005 |
Changes in liver tests during 1-year treatment of patients with Type 2 diabetes with pioglitazone, metformin or gliclazide.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gliclazide; Glycated He | 2005 |
Comparison of metabolic effects of pioglitazone, metformin, and glimepiride over 1 year in Japanese patients with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combina | 2005 |
Insulin pump therapy vs. multiple daily injections in obese Type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglob | 2005 |
Long-term effects of pioglitazone and metformin on insulin sensitivity in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hy | 2005 |
Role of insulin secretion and sensitivity in the evolution of type 2 diabetes in the diabetes prevention program: effects of lifestyle intervention and metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female; Glucose Tolerance Tes | 2005 |
Role of insulin secretion and sensitivity in the evolution of type 2 diabetes in the diabetes prevention program: effects of lifestyle intervention and metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female; Glucose Tolerance Tes | 2005 |
Role of insulin secretion and sensitivity in the evolution of type 2 diabetes in the diabetes prevention program: effects of lifestyle intervention and metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female; Glucose Tolerance Tes | 2005 |
Role of insulin secretion and sensitivity in the evolution of type 2 diabetes in the diabetes prevention program: effects of lifestyle intervention and metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female; Glucose Tolerance Tes | 2005 |
Metformin reduces C-reactive protein but not complement factor C3 in overweight patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: C-Reactive Protein; Complement C3; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2005 |
Efficacy of once- or twice-daily extended release metformin compared with thrice-daily immediate release metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2005 |
Rosiglitazone effects on blood pressure and metabolic parameters in nondipper diabetic patients.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; | 2005 |
Rosiglitazone treatment increases subcutaneous adipose tissue glucose uptake in parallel with perfusion in patients with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind, randomized study with metformin.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 | 2005 |
Long-term effects on lipids and lipoproteins of pioglitazone versus gliclazide addition to metformin and pioglitazone versus metformin addition to sulphonylurea in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2005 |
Long-term effects of glimepiride or rosiglitazone in combination with metformin on blood pressure control in type 2 diabetic patients affected by the metabolic syndrome: a 12-month, double-blind, randomized clinical trial.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dou | 2005 |
Pioglitazone plus a sulphonylurea or metformin is associated with increased lipoprotein particle size in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; | 2004 |
Triple therapy with glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled by metformin and a thiazolidinedione: results of a 30-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Meth | 2005 |
Rosiglitazone/metformin fixed-dose combination compared with uptitrated metformin alone in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 24-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; | 2005 |
Investigation of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between memantine and glyburide/metformin in healthy young subjects: a single-center, multiple-dose, open-label study.
Topics: Adult; Alzheimer Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Drug Interactions; Female; G | 2005 |
Evaluation of efficacy and safety of fixed dose combination of glimepiride 2 mg pluspioglitazone 15 mg plus metformin SR 500 mg in the management of patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2005 |
Biphasic insulin aspart 30 plus metformin: an effective combination in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Biphasic Insulins; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedu | 2006 |
Effects of rosiglitazone added to submaximal doses of metformin compared with dose escalation of metformin in type 2 diabetes: the EMPIRE Study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2005 |
Natural antibiotics and insulin sensitivity: the role of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein.
Topics: Adult; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; Blood Proteins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gene Expression R | 2006 |
The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fema | 2006 |
The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fema | 2006 |
The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fema | 2006 |
The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fema | 2006 |
The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fema | 2006 |
The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fema | 2006 |
The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fema | 2006 |
The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fema | 2006 |
The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fema | 2006 |
The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fema | 2006 |
The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fema | 2006 |
The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fema | 2006 |
The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fema | 2006 |
The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fema | 2006 |
The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fema | 2006 |
The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fema | 2006 |
The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fema | 2006 |
The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fema | 2006 |
The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fema | 2006 |
The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fema | 2006 |
The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fema | 2006 |
The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fema | 2006 |
The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fema | 2006 |
The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fema | 2006 |
The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fema | 2006 |
The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fema | 2006 |
The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fema | 2006 |
The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fema | 2006 |
The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fema | 2006 |
The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fema | 2006 |
The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fema | 2006 |
The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fema | 2006 |
The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fema | 2006 |
The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fema | 2006 |
The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fema | 2006 |
The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1).
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fema | 2006 |
Metformin improves atypical protein kinase C activation by insulin and phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-(PO4)3 in muscle of diabetic subjects.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme Activation; Fatty Ac | 2006 |
Comparative efficacy of glimepiride and/or metformin with insulin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2006 |
Improving metabolic control leads to better working memory in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, | 2006 |
Improving metabolic control leads to better working memory in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, | 2006 |
Improving metabolic control leads to better working memory in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, | 2006 |
Improving metabolic control leads to better working memory in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, | 2006 |
Improving metabolic control leads to better working memory in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, | 2006 |
Improving metabolic control leads to better working memory in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, | 2006 |
Improving metabolic control leads to better working memory in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, | 2006 |
Improving metabolic control leads to better working memory in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, | 2006 |
Improving metabolic control leads to better working memory in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, | 2006 |
Lifestyle intervention is associated with lower prevalence of urinary incontinence: the Diabetes Prevention Program.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Exercise; Female; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2006 |
Metformin-glibenclamide versus metformin plus rosiglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin monotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combin | 2006 |
Differential effect of glimepiride and rosiglitazone on metabolic control of type 2 diabetic patients treated with metformin: a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Female; Glycated | 2006 |
Insulin glargine or NPH combined with metformin in type 2 diabetes: the LANMET study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fasti | 2006 |
Insulin glargine or NPH combined with metformin in type 2 diabetes: the LANMET study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fasti | 2006 |
Insulin glargine or NPH combined with metformin in type 2 diabetes: the LANMET study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fasti | 2006 |
Insulin glargine or NPH combined with metformin in type 2 diabetes: the LANMET study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fasti | 2006 |
Insulin glargine or NPH combined with metformin in type 2 diabetes: the LANMET study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fasti | 2006 |
Insulin glargine or NPH combined with metformin in type 2 diabetes: the LANMET study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fasti | 2006 |
Insulin glargine or NPH combined with metformin in type 2 diabetes: the LANMET study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fasti | 2006 |
Insulin glargine or NPH combined with metformin in type 2 diabetes: the LANMET study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fasti | 2006 |
Insulin glargine or NPH combined with metformin in type 2 diabetes: the LANMET study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fasti | 2006 |
Triple therapy in type 2 diabetes: insulin glargine or rosiglitazone added to combination therapy of sulfonylurea plus metformin in insulin-naive patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated H | 2006 |
Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of a novel once-daily extended-release metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose | 2006 |
The association among autonomic nervous system function, incident diabetes, and intervention arm in the Diabetes Prevention Program.
Topics: Autonomic Nervous System; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Electrocardi | 2006 |
Prevention of type 2 diabetes in the prediabetic population.
Topics: Acarbose; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Exercise; Female; Glucose I | 2005 |
Metformin for prevention of weight gain and insulin resistance with olanzapine: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Anthropometry; Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2006 |
Improvement of glycemic control, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol levels with muraglitazar, a dual (alpha/gamma) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activator, in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy: A
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glyc | 2006 |
Metformin improves endothelial vascular reactivity in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome and normal glucose tolerance.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Endothelium, | 2006 |
Glimepiride versus pioglitazone combination therapy in subjects with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin monotherapy: results of a randomized clinical trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hypog | 2006 |
The effect of the ingestion of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on the pharmacokinetics of metformin in non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects--a double blind placebo-controlled, crossover study.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response | 2006 |
Efficacy and safety of topiramate in combination with metformin in the treatment of obese subjects with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Obesity Agents; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2007 |
An open, randomized, parallel-group study to compare the efficacy and safety profile of inhaled human insulin (Exubera) with metformin as adjunctive therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes poorly controlled on a sulfonylurea.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2006 |
Tissue-specific expression and regulation of GSK-3 in human skeletal muscle and adipose tissue.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biopsy; Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female | 2006 |
Long-term effects of exenatide therapy over 82 weeks on glycaemic control and weight in over-weight metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, | 2006 |
Interim analysis of the effects of exenatide treatment on A1C, weight and cardiovascular risk factors over 82 weeks in 314 overweight patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabet | 2006 |
Interim analysis of the effects of exenatide treatment on A1C, weight and cardiovascular risk factors over 82 weeks in 314 overweight patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabet | 2006 |
Interim analysis of the effects of exenatide treatment on A1C, weight and cardiovascular risk factors over 82 weeks in 314 overweight patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabet | 2006 |
Interim analysis of the effects of exenatide treatment on A1C, weight and cardiovascular risk factors over 82 weeks in 314 overweight patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabet | 2006 |
The Pro12Ala variant of the PPARG gene is a risk factor for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma/alpha agonist-induced edema in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA; Edema; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Glyburid | 2006 |
Effect of adiponectin on carotid arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetic patients treated with pioglitazone and metformin.
Topics: Adiponectin; Aged; Carotid Artery, Common; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2006 |
A randomized trial of adding insulin glargine vs. avoidance of insulin in people with Type 2 diabetes on either no oral glucose-lowering agents or submaximal doses of metformin and/or sulphonylureas. The Canadian INSIGHT (Implementing New Strategies with
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Canada; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug T | 2006 |
Comparison of insulin lispro mixture 25/75 with insulin glargine during a 24-h standardized test-meal period in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug T | 2006 |
Comparison of nateglinide and gliclazide in combination with metformin, for treatment of patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on maximum doses of metformin alone.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind | 2006 |
Beta-cell response to metformin-glibenclamide combination tablets (Glucovance) in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blin | 2006 |
Glycemic control and treatment failure with pioglitazone versus glibenclamide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 42-month, open-label, observational, primary care study.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glyburide; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypo | 2006 |
An open, randomized, parallel-group study to compare the efficacy and safety profile of inhaled human insulin (Exubera) with glibenclamide as adjunctive therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes poorly controlled on metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glybur | 2006 |
The effects of combined insulin and metformin therapy in obese patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 in the early stage of the disease.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; | 2006 |
Effects of melatonin and zinc on lipid profile and renal function in type 2 diabetic patients poorly controlled with metformin.
Topics: Adult; Albuminuria; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug | 2006 |
Metformin-pioglitazone and metformin-rosiglitazone effects on non-conventional cardiovascular risk factors plasma level in type 2 diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gl | 2006 |
Glycaemic and nonglycaemic effects of pioglitazone in triple oral therapy of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Administration, Oral; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Cystatin C | 2006 |
Glycaemic control without weight gain in insulin requiring type 2 diabetes: 1-year results of the GAME regimen.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; F | 2006 |
Preventing type 2 diabetes using combination therapy: design and methods of the CAnadian Normoglycaemia Outcomes Evaluation (CANOE) trial.
Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Glucose Intolerance; Huma | 2006 |
Insulin sensitivity during oral glucose tolerance test and its relations to parameters of glucose metabolism and endothelial function in type 2 diabetic subjects under metformin and thiazolidinedione.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Peptide; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2006 |
Inhaled insulin as adjunctive therapy in subjects with type 2 diabetes failing oral agents: a controlled proof-of-concept study.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitu | 2006 |
Adherence to preventive medications: predictors and outcomes in the Diabetes Prevention Program.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Tolerance | 2006 |
Rosiglitazone reduces microalbuminuria and blood pressure independently of glycemia in type 2 diabetes patients with microalbuminuria.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Albuminuria; Blood Pressure; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2006 |
Reductions in biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes with rosiglitazone added to metformin compared with dose escalation of metformin: an EMPIRE trial sub-study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dia | 2006 |
Effects of pioglitazone and metformin on beta-cell function in nondiabetic subjects at high risk for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Arginine; Body Composition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; | 2007 |
Effect of metformin plus roziglitazone compared with metformin alone on glycaemic control in well-controlled Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hu | 2006 |
An open, randomized, parallel-group study to compare the efficacy and safety profile of inhaled human insulin (Exubera) with meformin as adjunctive therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes poorly controlled on a sulfonylurea: response to Barnett et al.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gly | 2006 |
Effects of melatonin and zinc on glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients poorly controlled with metformin.
Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hu | 2006 |
Tolerability and pharmacokinetics of metformin and the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin when co-administered in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitors; Adult; Area Under Curve; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2006 |
Improvement in glycaemic control with rosiglitazone/metformin fixed-dose combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes with very poor glycaemic control.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Dru | 2006 |
Initial treatment with rosiglitazone/metformin fixed-dose combination therapy compared with monotherapy with either rosiglitazone or metformin in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combina | 2006 |
Five weeks of treatment with the GLP-1 analogue liraglutide improves glycaemic control and lowers body weight in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Com | 2006 |
Comparison of glargine insulin versus rosiglitazone addition in poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients on metformin plus sulfonylurea.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; | 2006 |
The influence of age on the effects of lifestyle modification and metformin in prevention of diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; I | 2006 |
Effects of insulin therapy on liver fat content and hepatic insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Basal Metabolism; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Fatty Acids, N | 2007 |
Starting insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes: twice-daily biphasic insulin Aspart 30 plus metformin versus once-daily insulin glargine plus glimepiride.
Topics: Aged; Biphasic Insulins; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relati | 2006 |
A Diabetes Outcome Progression Trial (ADOPT): baseline characteristics of Type 2 diabetic patients in North America and Europe.
Topics: Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Europe; Female; Glyburide; | 2006 |
Effects of pioglitazone and metformin on plasma adiponectin in newly detected type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administrati | 2006 |
Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone.
Topics: Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitors; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2006 |
Relationship of body size and shape to the development of diabetes in the diabetes prevention program.
Topics: Adult; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Body Size; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ethnicity; Female; G | 2006 |
Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; G | 2006 |
Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; G | 2006 |
Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; G | 2006 |
Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; G | 2006 |
Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; G | 2006 |
Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; G | 2006 |
Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; G | 2006 |
Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; G | 2006 |
Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; G | 2006 |
Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; G | 2006 |
Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; G | 2006 |
Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; G | 2006 |
Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; G | 2006 |
Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; G | 2006 |
Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; G | 2006 |
Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; G | 2006 |
Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; G | 2006 |
Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; G | 2006 |
Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; G | 2006 |
Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; G | 2006 |
Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; G | 2006 |
Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; G | 2006 |
Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; G | 2006 |
Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; G | 2006 |
Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; G | 2006 |
Effects of chronic rosiglitazone therapy on gene expression in human adipose tissue in vivo in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Profiling; Human | 2007 |
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of metformin treatment of weight gain associated with initiation of atypical antipsychotic therapy in children and adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Antipsychotic Agents; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Melli | 2006 |
A comparison of twice-daily exenatide and biphasic insulin aspart in patients with type 2 diabetes who were suboptimally controlled with sulfonylurea and metformin: a non-inferiority study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Fema | 2007 |
Mathematical modeling shows exenatide improved beta-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin or metformin and a sulfonylurea.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Meth | 2006 |
Differential effect of pioglitazone (PGZ) and rosiglitazone (RGZ) on postprandial glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a prospective, randomized crossover study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellit | 2007 |
Effects of the type 2 diabetes-associated PPARG P12A polymorphism on progression to diabetes and response to troglitazone.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Chromans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progr | 2007 |
Effects of rosiglitazone and metformin on inflammatory markers and adipokines: decrease in interleukin-18 is an independent factor for the improvement of homeostasis model assessment-beta in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adiponectin; Analysis of Variance; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2007 |
Metabolic effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in patients with diabetes and metabolic syndrome treated with metformin.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Mal | 2007 |
Impact of fasting and postprandial glycemia on overall glycemic control in type 2 diabetes Importance of postprandial glycemia to achieve target HbA1c levels.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2007 |
Twelve weeks' treatment with diazoxide without insulin supplementation in Type 2 diabetes is feasible but does not improve insulin secretion.
Topics: Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diazoxide; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; | 2007 |
Type 2 diabetes-associated missense polymorphisms KCNJ11 E23K and ABCC8 A1369S influence progression to diabetes and response to interventions in the Diabetes Prevention Program.
Topics: Alleles; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Female; | 2007 |
Metformin improves skin capillary reactivity in normoglycaemic subjects with the metabolic syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Capillaries; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Double-Blind | 2007 |
Effects of vildagliptin on glucose control over 24 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Huma | 2007 |
Insulin glargine in combination with nateglinide in people with Type 2 diabetes: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; | 2007 |
Effect of adding sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, to metformin on 24-h glycaemic control and beta-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; D | 2007 |
Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, compared with the sulfonylurea, glipizide, in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin alone: a randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidy | 2007 |
Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, compared with the sulfonylurea, glipizide, in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin alone: a randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidy | 2007 |
Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, compared with the sulfonylurea, glipizide, in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin alone: a randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidy | 2007 |
Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, compared with the sulfonylurea, glipizide, in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin alone: a randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidy | 2007 |
Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, compared with the sulfonylurea, glipizide, in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin alone: a randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidy | 2007 |
Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, compared with the sulfonylurea, glipizide, in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin alone: a randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidy | 2007 |
Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, compared with the sulfonylurea, glipizide, in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin alone: a randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidy | 2007 |
Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, compared with the sulfonylurea, glipizide, in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin alone: a randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidy | 2007 |
Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, compared with the sulfonylurea, glipizide, in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin alone: a randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidy | 2007 |
Combination of oral antidiabetic agents with basal insulin versus premixed insulin alone in randomized elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fem | 2007 |
A randomized trial of the effects of rosiglitazone and metformin on inflammation and subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Atherosclerosis; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Disease | 2007 |
Lowering effect on postprandial glycemic response of nopales added to Mexican breakfasts.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cactaceae; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Eating; Glybur | 2007 |
[ADOPT study: which first-line glucose-lowering oral medication in type 2 diabetes?].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Belgium; Canada; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blin | 2007 |
Insulin as initial therapy in type 2 diabetes: effective, safe, and well accepted.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse R | 2007 |
Body size and shape changes and the risk of diabetes in the diabetes prevention program.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Size; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitu | 2007 |
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study to assess the efficacy and safety of topiramate controlled release in the treatment of obese type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Obesity Agents; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Redu | 2007 |
Effect of metformin on serum lipoprotein lipase mass levels and LDL particle size in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated H | 2007 |
Metabolic effects of two years of exenatide treatment on diabetes, obesity, and hepatic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes: an interim analysis of data from the open-label, uncontrolled extension of three double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.
Topics: Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biomarkers; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellit | 2007 |
Metabolic effects of two years of exenatide treatment on diabetes, obesity, and hepatic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes: an interim analysis of data from the open-label, uncontrolled extension of three double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.
Topics: Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biomarkers; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellit | 2007 |
Metabolic effects of two years of exenatide treatment on diabetes, obesity, and hepatic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes: an interim analysis of data from the open-label, uncontrolled extension of three double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.
Topics: Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biomarkers; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellit | 2007 |
Metabolic effects of two years of exenatide treatment on diabetes, obesity, and hepatic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes: an interim analysis of data from the open-label, uncontrolled extension of three double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.
Topics: Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biomarkers; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellit | 2007 |
Metabolic effects of two years of exenatide treatment on diabetes, obesity, and hepatic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes: an interim analysis of data from the open-label, uncontrolled extension of three double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.
Topics: Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biomarkers; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellit | 2007 |
Metabolic effects of two years of exenatide treatment on diabetes, obesity, and hepatic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes: an interim analysis of data from the open-label, uncontrolled extension of three double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.
Topics: Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biomarkers; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellit | 2007 |
Metabolic effects of two years of exenatide treatment on diabetes, obesity, and hepatic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes: an interim analysis of data from the open-label, uncontrolled extension of three double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.
Topics: Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biomarkers; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellit | 2007 |
Metabolic effects of two years of exenatide treatment on diabetes, obesity, and hepatic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes: an interim analysis of data from the open-label, uncontrolled extension of three double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.
Topics: Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biomarkers; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellit | 2007 |
Metabolic effects of two years of exenatide treatment on diabetes, obesity, and hepatic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes: an interim analysis of data from the open-label, uncontrolled extension of three double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.
Topics: Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biomarkers; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellit | 2007 |
Metabolic effects of two years of exenatide treatment on diabetes, obesity, and hepatic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes: an interim analysis of data from the open-label, uncontrolled extension of three double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.
Topics: Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biomarkers; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellit | 2007 |
Metabolic effects of two years of exenatide treatment on diabetes, obesity, and hepatic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes: an interim analysis of data from the open-label, uncontrolled extension of three double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.
Topics: Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biomarkers; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellit | 2007 |
Metabolic effects of two years of exenatide treatment on diabetes, obesity, and hepatic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes: an interim analysis of data from the open-label, uncontrolled extension of three double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.
Topics: Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biomarkers; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellit | 2007 |
Metabolic effects of two years of exenatide treatment on diabetes, obesity, and hepatic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes: an interim analysis of data from the open-label, uncontrolled extension of three double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.
Topics: Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biomarkers; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellit | 2007 |
Metabolic effects of two years of exenatide treatment on diabetes, obesity, and hepatic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes: an interim analysis of data from the open-label, uncontrolled extension of three double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.
Topics: Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biomarkers; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellit | 2007 |
Metabolic effects of two years of exenatide treatment on diabetes, obesity, and hepatic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes: an interim analysis of data from the open-label, uncontrolled extension of three double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.
Topics: Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biomarkers; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellit | 2007 |
Metabolic effects of two years of exenatide treatment on diabetes, obesity, and hepatic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes: an interim analysis of data from the open-label, uncontrolled extension of three double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.
Topics: Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biomarkers; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellit | 2007 |
Short-term effects of metformin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration S | 2007 |
Weight gain in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combi | 2007 |
Targeting hyperglycaemia with either metformin or repaglinide in non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes: results from a randomized crossover trial.
Topics: Adiponectin; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Peptide; C-Reactive Protein; Carbamates; Cros | 2007 |
Glimepiride versus metformin as monotherapy in pediatric patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, single-blind comparative study.
Topics: Adolescent; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; | 2007 |
A double-blind randomized study comparing the effects of continuing or not continuing rosiglitazone + metformin therapy when starting insulin therapy in people with Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combina | 2007 |
A randomized controlled trial examining combinations of repaglinide, metformin and NPH insulin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; | 2007 |
The effect of adding exenatide to a thiazolidinedione in suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind M | 2007 |
A comparison of mealtime insulin aspart and human insulin in combination with metformin in type 2 diabetes patients.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Dr | 2007 |
Treatment options for type 2 diabetes in adolescents and youth: a study of the comparative efficacy of metformin alone or in combination with rosiglitazone or lifestyle intervention in adolescents with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Health Behavior; Hu | 2007 |
Differential effect of beta-blocker therapy on insulin resistance as a function of insulin sensitizer use: results from GEMINI.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Diabete | 2007 |
Long-term treatment combining continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion with oral hypoglycaemic agents is effective in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hu | 2007 |
Effect of initial combination therapy with sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, and metformin on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blin | 2007 |
Effect of initial combination therapy with sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, and metformin on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blin | 2007 |
Effect of initial combination therapy with sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, and metformin on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blin | 2007 |
Effect of initial combination therapy with sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, and metformin on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blin | 2007 |
[Medical treatment of type 2 diabetes. Recommendations for good practice].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; France; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2007 |
Comparison between vildagliptin and metformin to sustain reductions in HbA(1c) over 1 year in drug-naïve patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hypogly | 2007 |
Rosiglitazone RECORD study: glucose control outcomes at 18 months.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Australia; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, | 2007 |
Effect of metformin therapy on plasma adiponectin and leptin levels in obese and insulin resistant postmenopausal females with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Int | 2007 |
Oral antidiabetic agents in pregnancy and lactation: a paradigm shift?
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Breast Feeding; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2007 |
Rosiglitazone evaluated for cardiovascular outcomes--an interim analysis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; | 2007 |
Short-term effects of metformin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Fema | 2007 |
Short-term effects of metformin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Fema | 2007 |
Short-term effects of metformin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Fema | 2007 |
Short-term effects of metformin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Fema | 2007 |
Nateglinide or gliclazide in combination with metformin for treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on maximum doses of metformin alone: 1-year trial results.
Topics: Aged; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Femal | 2007 |
Blood pressure control and inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetic patients treated with pioglitazone or rosiglitazone and metformin.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glyca | 2007 |
Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on glimepiride alone or on glimepiride and metformin.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy | 2007 |
Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on glimepiride alone or on glimepiride and metformin.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy | 2007 |
Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on glimepiride alone or on glimepiride and metformin.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy | 2007 |
Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on glimepiride alone or on glimepiride and metformin.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy | 2007 |
Both slow-release and regular-form metformin improve glycemic control without altering plasma visfatin level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Cholesterol; | 2007 |
[Efficacy and safety of extended-release metformin in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gastrointestinal Dise | 2007 |
Comparison of extended-release metformin in combination with a sulfonylurea (glyburide) to sulfonylurea monotherapy in adult patients with type 2 diabetes: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled, phase III study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gl | 2007 |
The incretin mimetic exenatide as a monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; | 2007 |
The incretin mimetic exenatide as a monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; | 2007 |
The incretin mimetic exenatide as a monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; | 2007 |
The incretin mimetic exenatide as a monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; | 2007 |
The incretin mimetic exenatide as a monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; | 2007 |
The incretin mimetic exenatide as a monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; | 2007 |
The incretin mimetic exenatide as a monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; | 2007 |
The incretin mimetic exenatide as a monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; | 2007 |
The incretin mimetic exenatide as a monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; | 2007 |
Effects of pioglitazone in combination with metformin or a sulfonylurea compared to a fixed-dose combination of metformin and glibenclamide in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glyburide; Glycated | 2007 |
Effects of early use of pioglitazone in combination with metformin in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated Hemoglo | 2007 |
Safety and efficacy of repaglinide in combination with metformin and bedtime NPH insulin as an insulin treatment regimen in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Ad | 2008 |
Liver dysfunction in paediatric obesity: a randomized, controlled trial of metformin.
Topics: Adolescent; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Colorimetry; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2007 |
Comparison of insulin monotherapy and combination therapy with insulin and metformin or insulin and rosiglitazone or insulin and acarbose in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Acarbose; Age of Onset; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; | 2007 |
High and typical 18F-FDG bowel uptake in patients treated with metformin.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Colon; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2008 |
Induction of long-term glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients using pioglitazone and metformin combination.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hu | 2007 |
Recognition of fasting or overall hyperglycaemia when starting insulin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes in general practice.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Blood Glucose; Circadian Rhythm; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therap | 2007 |
Oxidative stress and endothelium influenced by metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Humans; H | 2007 |
Addition of biphasic, prandial, or basal insulin to oral therapy in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Blood Glucose; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2007 |
The Pro12Ala variant at the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene and change in obesity-related traits in the Diabetes Prevention Program.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Amino Acid Substitution; Body Composition; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet | 2007 |
The effects of tesaglitazar as add-on treatment to metformin in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alkanesulfonates; Blood Glucose; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response R | 2007 |
Comparison of the effects of pioglitazone and metformin on hepatic and extra-hepatic insulin action in people with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Double-Blind M | 2008 |
The effect of pioglitazone as add-on therapy to metformin or sulphonylurea compared to a fixed-dose combination of metformin and glibenclamide on diabetic dyslipidaemia.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dru | 2008 |
Normalization of metabolic syndrome using fenofibrate, metformin or their combination.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response R | 2007 |
Weight changes in type 2 diabetes and the impact of gender.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycat | 2008 |
Addition of biphasic insulin aspart 30 to optimized metformin and pioglitazone treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: The ACTION Study (Achieving Control Through Insulin plus Oral ageNts).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biphasic Insulins; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedu | 2009 |
Nateglinide, alone or in combination with metformin, is effective and well tolerated in treatment-naïve elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Do | 2008 |
Efficacy and treatment satisfaction of once-daily insulin glargine plus one or two oral antidiabetic agents versus continuing premixed human insulin in patients with Type 2 diabetes previously on long-term conventional insulin therapy: the SWITCH Pilot St
Topics: Aged; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated Hemogl | 2008 |
Metformin reduces thyrotropin levels in obese, diabetic women with primary hypothyroidism on thyroxine replacement therapy.
Topics: Aged; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2007 |
Improved meal-related insulin processing contributes to the enhancement of B-cell function by the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind M | 2007 |
[Serum level of retinol-binding protein 4 in obese patients with insulin resistance and in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Male; M | 2007 |
Effects of nateglinide and glibenclamide on prothrombotic factors in naïve type 2 diabetic patients treated with metformin: a 1-year, double-blind, randomized clinical trial.
Topics: Adult; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fema | 2007 |
Efficacy and tolerability of vildagliptin vs. pioglitazone when added to metformin: a 24-week, randomized, double-blind study.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-B | 2008 |
Efficacy and treatment satisfaction of once-daily insulin glargine plus one or two oral antidiabetic agents versus continuing premixed human insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes previously on long-term conventional insulin therapy: the Switch pilot st
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2007 |
Effect of glyburide-metformin combination tablet in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Fasting; Female; Glyburide; Gly | 2007 |
Increased hematocrit and reduced blood pressure following control of glycemia in diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Creatinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug | 2008 |
Comparison of fixed-dose rosiglitazone/metformin combination therapy with sulphonylurea plus metformin in overweight individuals with Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin alone.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; G | 2008 |
[Metabolic and hemodynamic effects of combined treatment with metformine and rosiglitasone (avandium) in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and high cardiovascular risk].
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascul | 2007 |
The impact of glucose lowering treatment on long-term prognosis in patients with type 2 diabetes and myocardial infarction: a report from the DIGAMI 2 trial.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Epidemiologic Methods; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2008 |
Tolerability and efficacy of exenatide and titrated insulin glargine in adult patients with type 2 diabetes previously uncontrolled with metformin or a sulfonylurea: a multinational, randomized, open-label, two-period, crossover noninferiority trial.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Metho | 2007 |
Mealtime 50/50 basal + prandial insulin analogue mixture with a basal insulin analogue, both plus metformin, in the achievement of target HbA1c and pre- and postprandial blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes: a multinational, 24-week, rand
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hu | 2007 |
Comparison of biphasic insulin aspart 30 given three times daily or twice daily in combination with metformin versus oral antidiabetic drugs alone in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes: a 16-week, randomized, open-label, parallel-group trial
Topics: Biomarkers; Biphasic Insulins; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; | 2007 |
2-year effects of pioglitazone add-on to sulfonylurea or metformin on oral glucose tolerance in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucose To | 2008 |
Impact of metformin versus the prandial insulin secretagogue, repaglinide, on fasting and postprandial glucose and lipid responses in non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Carbamates; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, LDL; Cross-Over Studies | 2008 |
Insulin glargine added to therapy with oral antidiabetic agents improves glycemic control and reduces long-term complications in patients with type 2 diabetes - a simulation with the Diabetes Mellitus Model (DMM).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Computer Simulation; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, C | 2007 |
Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Area Under Curve; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fe | 2008 |
Potential benefits of early addition of rosiglitazone in combination with glimepiride in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Res | 2008 |
Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin when added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2008 |
Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin when added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2008 |
Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin when added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2008 |
Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin when added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2008 |
Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin when added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2008 |
Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin when added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2008 |
Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin when added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2008 |
Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin when added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2008 |
Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin when added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2008 |
Effects of exenatide versus insulin analogues on weight change in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a pooled post-hoc analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Glycemic Index; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2008 |
Rosiglitazone-associated fractures in type 2 diabetes: an Analysis from A Diabetes Outcome Progression Trial (ADOPT).
Topics: Age of Onset; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Female; Fractures, Bone; Glyburi | 2008 |
Rosiglitazone-associated fractures in type 2 diabetes: an Analysis from A Diabetes Outcome Progression Trial (ADOPT).
Topics: Age of Onset; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Female; Fractures, Bone; Glyburi | 2008 |
Rosiglitazone-associated fractures in type 2 diabetes: an Analysis from A Diabetes Outcome Progression Trial (ADOPT).
Topics: Age of Onset; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Female; Fractures, Bone; Glyburi | 2008 |
Rosiglitazone-associated fractures in type 2 diabetes: an Analysis from A Diabetes Outcome Progression Trial (ADOPT).
Topics: Age of Onset; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Female; Fractures, Bone; Glyburi | 2008 |
Cardiovascular, metabolic and hormonal responses to the progressive exercise performed to exhaustion in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin or glyburide.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2008 |
The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor PHX1149 improves blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Area Under Curve; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2008 |
Impact of metformin on peak aerobic capacity.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Electron Transport Complex I; Exercise; Female | 2008 |
Metformin, but not pioglitazone, decreases postchallenge plasma ghrelin levels in type 2 diabetic patients: a possible role in weight stability?
Topics: Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gh | 2008 |
The effect of metformin treatment on VEGF and PAI-1 levels in obese type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Female; Humans; Hy | 2008 |
Adjust to target in type 2 diabetes: comparison of a simple algorithm with carbohydrate counting for adjustment of mealtime insulin glulisine.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dose-Respo | 2008 |
Adjust to target in type 2 diabetes: comparison of a simple algorithm with carbohydrate counting for adjustment of mealtime insulin glulisine.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dose-Respo | 2008 |
Adjust to target in type 2 diabetes: comparison of a simple algorithm with carbohydrate counting for adjustment of mealtime insulin glulisine.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dose-Respo | 2008 |
Adjust to target in type 2 diabetes: comparison of a simple algorithm with carbohydrate counting for adjustment of mealtime insulin glulisine.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dose-Respo | 2008 |
Population exposure-response modeling of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2008 |
Rosiglitazone therapy improves insulin resistance parameters in overweight and obese diabetic patients intolerant to metformin.
Topics: Adiponectin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Resist | 2008 |
Beneficial effects of strategies for primary prevention of diabetes on cardiovascular risk factors: results of the Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme.
Topics: Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Hypo | 2008 |
The metabolic effects of once daily extended-release metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a multicentre study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fem | 2008 |
Weight loss of black, white, and Hispanic men and women in the Diabetes Prevention Program.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Black or African American; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hispanic or Latino; Human | 2008 |
Impact of metformin versus repaglinide on non-glycaemic cardiovascular risk markers related to inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Carbamates; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabeti | 2008 |
[Efficacy and safety of the use of metformin in patients with chronic heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus. results of the study "rational effective mulicomponent therapy in the battle against diabetes mellitus in patients with chronic heart failure
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Blood Glucose; Catecholamines; Chronic Disease; Colorimetry; Diabetes Me | 2008 |
Effect of the addition of rosiglitazone to metformin or sulfonylureas versus metformin/sulfonylurea combination therapy on ambulatory blood pressure in people with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial (the RECORD study).
Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Circadian Rhythm; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2008 |
Efficacy of berberine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Berberine; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fema | 2008 |
Relation of central adiposity and body mass index to the development of diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program.
Topics: Adult; Body Composition; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ethnicity; Female; | 2008 |
Effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of a vildagliptin/metformin (50/1000 mg) fixed-dose combination tablet in healthy volunteers.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase I | 2008 |
Insulin receptor binding to monocytes, insulin secretion, and glucose tolerance following metformin treatment. Results of a double-blind cross-over study in type II diabetics.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method | 1983 |
Acarbose treatment of sulfonylurea-treated non-insulin dependent diabetics. A double-blind cross-over comparison of an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor with metformin.
Topics: Acarbose; Aged; Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Met | 1984 |
The difficult choice of treatment for poorly controlled maturity onset diabetes: tablets or insulin?
Topics: Adult; Aged; Attitude to Health; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, | 1984 |
Choice of treatment affects plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Carrier Proteins; Circadian Rhythm; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fasting; F | 1995 |
Comparison of insulin with or without continuation of oral hypoglycemic agents in the treatment of secondary failure in NIDDM patients.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Cholesterol; Cholestero | 1995 |
Efficacy of metformin in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Multicenter Metformin Study Group.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind | 1995 |
Efficacy of metformin in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Multicenter Metformin Study Group.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind | 1995 |
Efficacy of metformin in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Multicenter Metformin Study Group.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind | 1995 |
Efficacy of metformin in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Multicenter Metformin Study Group.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind | 1995 |
Efficacy of metformin in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Multicenter Metformin Study Group.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind | 1995 |
Efficacy of metformin in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Multicenter Metformin Study Group.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind | 1995 |
Efficacy of metformin in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Multicenter Metformin Study Group.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind | 1995 |
Efficacy of metformin in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Multicenter Metformin Study Group.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind | 1995 |
Efficacy of metformin in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Multicenter Metformin Study Group.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind | 1995 |
The efficacy of acarbose in the treatment of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A multicenter controlled clinical trial.
Topics: Acarbose; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 1994 |
One-year acarbose treatment raises fasting serum acetate in diabetic patients.
Topics: Acarbose; Acetates; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Double- | 1995 |
Therapeutic comparison of metformin and sulfonylurea, alone and in various combinations. A double-blind controlled study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug | 1994 |
United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS). 13: Relative efficacy of randomly allocated diet, sulphonylurea, insulin, or metformin in patients with newly diagnosed non-insulin dependent diabetes followed for three years.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 1995 |
Antihyperglycaemic efficacy, response prediction and dose-response relations of treatment with metformin and sulphonylurea, alone and in primary combination.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therap | 1994 |
Antihyperglycaemic efficacy, response prediction and dose-response relations of treatment with metformin and sulphonylurea, alone and in primary combination.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therap | 1994 |
Antihyperglycaemic efficacy, response prediction and dose-response relations of treatment with metformin and sulphonylurea, alone and in primary combination.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therap | 1994 |
Antihyperglycaemic efficacy, response prediction and dose-response relations of treatment with metformin and sulphonylurea, alone and in primary combination.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therap | 1994 |
Effects of metformin treatment on whole-body and splanchnic amino acid turnover in mild type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Amino Acids; Blood Glucose; Carbon Radioisotopes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Fa | 1994 |
Acute antihyperglycemic mechanisms of metformin in NIDDM. Evidence for suppression of lipid oxidation and hepatic glucose production.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, No | 1994 |
Acute antihyperglycemic mechanisms of metformin in NIDDM. Evidence for suppression of lipid oxidation and hepatic glucose production.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, No | 1994 |
Acute antihyperglycemic mechanisms of metformin in NIDDM. Evidence for suppression of lipid oxidation and hepatic glucose production.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, No | 1994 |
Acute antihyperglycemic mechanisms of metformin in NIDDM. Evidence for suppression of lipid oxidation and hepatic glucose production.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, No | 1994 |
[Principles of the prospective study on diabetes at Royaume-Uni].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Insulin; Metformin; Prospective Studies; Sulfonami | 1994 |
Metabolic and hemodynamic effects of metformin and glibenclamide in normotensive NIDDM patients.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cardiac Output; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholestero | 1993 |
The impact of metformin therapy on hepatic glucose production and skeletal muscle glycogen synthase activity in overweight type II diabetic patients.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose; Glucose Clamp Technique; Glyco | 1993 |
Metformin for obese, insulin-treated diabetic patients: improvement in glycaemic control and reduction of metabolic risk factors.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind | 1993 |
Effects of gemfibrozil on low-density lipoprotein particle size, density distribution, and composition in patients with type II diabetes.
Topics: Apolipoproteins B; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 1993 |
Effects of metformin on insulin resistance, risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and plasminogen activator inhibitor in NIDDM subjects. A study of two ethnic groups.
Topics: Albuminuria; Asia; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Diabe | 1993 |
Lessons from UK prospective diabetes study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic Foot; Diabeti | 1995 |
Acarbose for the treatment of type II diabetes: the results of a Canadian multi-centre trial.
Topics: Acarbose; Blood Glucose; Canada; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Female; Glycated Hemoglo | 1995 |
Comparison between acarbose, metformin, and insulin treatment in type 2 diabetic patients with secondary failure to sulfonylurea treatment.
Topics: Acarbose; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Cholestero | 1995 |
Clinical experience with acarbose: results of a Canadian multicentre study.
Topics: Acarbose; Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Enzyme Inhibitors; F | 1995 |
Effects of alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (acarbose) combined with sulfonylurea or sulfonylurea and metformin in treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Enzyme I | 1995 |
Is metformin safe enough for ageing type 2 diabetic patients?
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Anthropometry; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therap | 1996 |
The effects of high- and medium-dose metformin therapy on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type II diabetes.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholester | 1996 |
Daytime glibenclamide and bedtime NPH insulin compared to intensive insulin treatment in secondary sulphonylurea failure: a 1-year follow-up.
Topics: Aged; Albuminuria; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Cholesterol; Cho | 1996 |
A comparison of acarbose versus metformin as an adjuvant therapy in sulfonylurea-treated NIDDM patients.
Topics: Acarbose; Adult; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Com | 1996 |
Effect of metformin on intact proinsulin and des 31,32 proinsulin concentrations in subjects with non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Ethnicity; Female | 1996 |
Therapeutic effect of glibenclamide in a fixed combination with metformin or phenformin in NIDDM patients.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Femal | 1996 |
The effect of metformin on the metabolic abnormalities associated with upper-body fat distribution. BIGPRO Study Group.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellit | 1996 |
Metformin improves hemodynamic and rheological responses to L-arginine in NIDDM patients.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Arginine; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Blood Viscosity; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 1996 |
Different effect of acute and chronic oral metformin administration on glucose and insulin response to bread and to pasta in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Bread; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Food; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; I | 1996 |
Metformin's effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with secondary failure to sulfonylureas.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes | 1996 |
Metabolic effects of metformin on glucose and lactate metabolism in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Gly | 1996 |
The UK Prospective Diabetes Study. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Humans; Hype | 1996 |
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metformin in healthy subjects and patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Dru | 1996 |
Effects of metformin on the pathways of glucose utilization after oral glucose in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Glucose; Gluco | 1997 |
Comparative effects of glibenclamide and metformin on ambulatory blood pressure and cardiovascular reactivity in NIDDM.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Adult; Aged; Angiotensin II; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cholesterol; Cross-Over S | 1997 |
Trivalent chromium and the diabetes prevention program.
Topics: Chromans; Chromium; Clinical Protocols; Complementary Therapies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Ex | 1997 |
Meformin, plasma glucose and free fatty acids in type II diabetic out-patients: results of a clinical study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Constitution; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 1997 |
Glucagon-like peptide 1 and its potential in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon; Glucagon-Like P | 1997 |
Small weight loss on long-term acarbose therapy with no change in dietary pattern or nutrient intake of individuals with non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
Topics: Acarbose; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Diet Records; Double-Blind Method; Drug T | 1997 |
Results of a placebo-controlled study of the metabolic effects of the addition of metformin to sulfonylurea-treated patients. Evidence for a central role of adipose tissue.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Blood Glucose; Circadian Rhythm; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Ac | 1997 |
Efficacy of 24-week monotherapy with acarbose, metformin, or placebo in dietary-treated NIDDM patients: the Essen-II Study.
Topics: Acarbose; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glycated Hemo | 1997 |
Efficacy of metformin in type II diabetes: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-response trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relations | 1997 |
United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study 24: a 6-year, randomized, controlled trial comparing sulfonylurea, insulin, and metformin therapy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes that could not be controlled with diet therapy. United Kingdom Pro
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up | 1998 |
Efficacy and metabolic effects of metformin and troglitazone in type II diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; | 1998 |
Metformin decreases food consumption and induces weight loss in subjects with obesity with type II non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Eating; Ene | 1998 |
UKPDS 28: a randomized trial of efficacy of early addition of metformin in sulfonylurea-treated type 2 diabetes. U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study Group.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Chlorpropamide; Cholesterol; Clinical Protocols; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 1998 |
Influence of food on glycemia, insulin, C-peptide and glucagon levels in diabetic patients treated with antidiabetic metformin at steady-state.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Female; Gl | 1997 |
The effects of metformin on glycemic control and serum lipids in insulin-treated NIDDM patients with suboptimal metabolic control.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; C | 1998 |
Acarbose in NIDDM patients with poor control on conventional oral agents. A 24-week placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Acarbose; Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; China; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellit | 1998 |
Metformin reduces circulating factor VII concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Factor VII; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 1998 |
Further evidence for a central role of adipose tissue in the antihyperglycemic effect of metformin.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Femal | 1998 |
Effect of metformin on bile salt circulation and intestinal motility in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bile Acids and Salts; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Fe | 1998 |
Irreversibility of the defect in glycogen synthase activity in skeletal muscle from obese patients with NIDDM treated with diet and metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Calorimetry, Indirect; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Glyburi | 1998 |
No relationship between carbohydrate intake and effect of acarbose on HbA1c or gastrointestinal symptoms in type 2 diabetic subjects consuming 30-60% of energy from carbohydrate.
Topics: Acarbose; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet Records; Diet, Diabetic; Dietary Carbohydra | 1998 |
Efficacy and safety of acarbose in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Acarbose; Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Fasting; Female; Gly | 1998 |
Effect of troglitazone on microalbuminuria in patients with incipient diabetic nephropathy.
Topics: Aged; Albuminuria; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; C-Peptide; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Chromans | 1998 |
Adding metformin versus insulin dose increase in insulin-treated but poorly controlled Type 2 diabetes mellitus: an open-label randomized trial.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LD | 1998 |
Metformin reduces systemic methylglyoxal levels in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Deoxyglucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Huma | 1999 |
Efficacy of combined treatments in NIDDM patients with secondary failure to sulphonylureas. Is it predictable?
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Resistance; Drug The | 1998 |
[Gliclazide and metformin combination in patients with type 2 diabetes. Preliminary data].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Female; Gliclazide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; | 1998 |
Comparison of bedtime insulin regimens in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A randomized, controlled trial.
Topics: Albuminuria; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administratio | 1999 |
Folate administration reduces circulating homocysteine levels in NIDDM patients on long-term metformin treatment.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Double-Blind Method; Female; Folic A | 1998 |
The Diabetes Prevention Program. Design and methods for a clinical trial in the prevention of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, | 1999 |
Causes of weight gain during insulin therapy with and without metformin in patients with Type II diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; | 1999 |
Comparison of bedtime NPH insulin or metformin combined with glibenclamide in secondary sulphonylurea failure in obese type II (NIDDM) patients.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 1998 |
Metformin added to insulin therapy in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Huma | 1999 |
Metformin and lipoprotein(a) levels.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 1999 |
Effect of repaglinide addition to metformin monotherapy on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Australia; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbamates; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Di | 1999 |
Effect of oral antidiabetic agents on plasma amylin level in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 2).
Topics: Adult; Amyloid; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female | 1999 |
Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Di | 1999 |
Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Di | 1999 |
Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Di | 1999 |
Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Di | 1999 |
Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Di | 1999 |
Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Di | 1999 |
Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Di | 1999 |
Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Di | 1999 |
Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Di | 1999 |
Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Di | 1999 |
Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Di | 1999 |
Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Di | 1999 |
Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Di | 1999 |
Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Di | 1999 |
Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Di | 1999 |
Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Di | 1999 |
Determination of plasma metformin by a new cation-exchange HPLC technique.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Diab | 1999 |
Effects of gliclazide versus metformin on the clinical profile and lipid peroxidation markers in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gliclazide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lipid | 1999 |
Effects of metformin in patients with poorly controlled, insulin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, | 1999 |
A comparison of preconstituted, fixed combinations of low-dose glyburide plus metformin versus high-dose glyburide alone in the treatment of type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Peptide; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind M | 1999 |
[Controversial aspects regarding metformin in type 2 diabetic patient: reduction of late complications in early, single drug administration; increased risk of death in later administration in combination with sulfonylurea compounds].
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Dr | 1999 |
Comparison of acarbose and metformin in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus insufficiently controlled with diet and sulphonylureas: a randomized, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Acarbose; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Food; Glycated Hemogl | 1999 |
Repaglinide in combination therapy with metformin in Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Australia; Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated Hemogl | 1999 |
A comparison of troglitazone and metformin on insulin requirements in euglycemic intensively insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Peptide; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Chromans; Ci | 1999 |
[The combination of insulin and metformin in obese patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Albuminuria; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; | 1999 |
[Combination treatment with insulin and metformin in type 2 diabetes. Improves glycemic control and prevents weight gain].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; In | 1999 |
Poorly controlled elderly Type 2 diabetic patients: the effects of increasing sulphonylurea dosages or adding metformin.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Antithrombin III; Blood Glucose; Blood Platelets; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; D | 1999 |
Free radical scavenging activity of sulfonylureas: a clinical assessment of the effect of gliclazide.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Platelets; Collagen; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy | 2000 |
[Metformin in the UKPDS study. Metabolic and vascular results].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 1999 |
Effect of metformin and rosiglitazone combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2000 |
Background and recruitment data for the U.S. Diabetes Prevention Program.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Life Style; Metformi | 2000 |
Improved control of mealtime glucose excursions with coadministration of nateglinide and metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; D | 2000 |
Troglitazone or metformin in combination with sulfonylureas for patients with type 2 diabetes?
Topics: Adult; Aged; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glipizide; Glyc | 1999 |
Intensive insulin therapy combined with metformin in obese type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Body Weight; C-Peptide; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2000 |
Combined metformin and insulin therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Huma | 2000 |
Efficacy and safety of acarbose add-on therapy in the treatment of overweight patients with Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Acarbose; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind | 2000 |
Applying some UK Prospective Diabetes Study results to Switzerland: the cost-effectiveness of intensive glycaemic control with metformin versus conventional control in overweight patients with type-2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cause of Death; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2000 |
Nateglinide alone and in combination with metformin improves glycemic control by reducing mealtime glucose levels in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Com | 2000 |
The effect of metformin on glycemic control, serum lipids and lipoproteins in diet alone and sulfonylurea-treated type 2 diabetic patients with sub-optimal metabolic control.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Dose-Response Relationship, D | 2000 |
Pioglitazone hydrochloride in combination with metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. The Pioglitazone 027 Study Group.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2000 |
Acarbose vs. bedtime NPH insulin in the treatment of secondary failures to sulphonylurea-metformin therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Blood Glucose; Circadian Rhythm; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 1999 |
Effects of antihyperglycaemic therapies on proinsulin and relation between proinsulin and cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Ch | 1999 |
Improved glycaemic control with miglitol in inadequately-controlled type 2 diabetics.
Topics: 1-Deoxynojirimycin; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitu | 2001 |
Improved endothelial function with metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Flow Velocity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Endothelium, Vascular; Female | 2001 |
Improved endothelial function with metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Flow Velocity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Endothelium, Vascular; Female | 2001 |
Improved endothelial function with metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Flow Velocity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Endothelium, Vascular; Female | 2001 |
Improved endothelial function with metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Flow Velocity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Endothelium, Vascular; Female | 2001 |
Additive glucose-lowering effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 and metformin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedul | 2001 |
Sulfonylurea treatment of type 2 diabetic patients does not reduce the vasodilator response to ischemia.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Pressure; Brachial Artery; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; | 2001 |
Cost-effectiveness analysis of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin in overweight patients with type II diabetes (UKPDS No. 51).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Body Mass Index; | 2001 |
Safety and efficacy of acarbose in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes: data from a 5-year surveillance study.
Topics: Acarbose; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated Hemo | 2001 |
The effect of a thiazolidinedione drug, troglitazone, on glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus poorly controlled with sulfonylurea and metformin. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2001 |
The effects of metformin on body mass index and glucose tolerance in obese adolescents with fasting hyperinsulinemia and a family history of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Child; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus; Diab | 2001 |
The oral insulin sensitizer, thiazolidinedione, increases plasma vascular endothelial growth factor in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelial Growth Factors; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Humans; Hy | 2001 |
The synergistic effect of miglitol plus metformin combination therapy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: 1-Deoxynojirimycin; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Synergism; D | 2001 |
Relationship between ethnicity and glycemic control, lipid profiles, and blood pressure during the first 9 years of type 2 diabetes: U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS 55).
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Cro | 2001 |
The relationship between metformin therapy and the fasting plasma lactate in type 2 diabetes: The Fremantle Diabetes Study.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lactic Acid; Male; Me | 2001 |
Effects of improved glycaemic control on endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Brachial Artery; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Glipizide; | 2001 |
Metabolic effects of metformin in patients with impaired glucose tolerance.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Energy Metabolism; Fatty Acid | 2001 |
Improved glycaemic control by addition of glimepiride to metformin monotherapy in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Th | 2001 |
Metabolic and haemodynamic effects of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Hemodynamics; Hu | 2001 |
Miglitol combined with metformin improves glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: 1-Deoxynojirimycin; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug | 2001 |
Regulation of glucose transport and insulin signaling by troglitazone or metformin in adipose tissue of type 2 diabetic subjects.
Topics: Adipocytes; Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Body Composition; Cells, Cultured; Chromans; Diabetes Melli | 2002 |
Effect of metformin in pediatric patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blin | 2002 |
Troglitazone but not metformin restores insulin-stimulated phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity and increases p110beta protein levels in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic subjects.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Isoe | 2002 |
Beta-cell response to intravenous glucagon in African-American and Hispanic children with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Black or African American; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake | 2002 |
The effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are refractory to sulfonylureas--a randomized trial.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2002 |
Induction of adipocyte complement-related protein of 30 kilodaltons by PPARgamma agonists: a potential mechanism of insulin sensitization.
Topics: 3T3 Cells; Adipocytes; Adiponectin; Animals; Blood Proteins; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2002 |
Vascular effects of glibenclamide vs. glimepiride and metformin in Type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Adult; Aged; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; C-Pep | 2002 |
Differential effects of metformin and troglitazone on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Chromans; D | 2002 |
Long-term glycaemic improvement after addition of metformin to insulin in insulin-treated obese type 2 diabetes patients.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabete | 2001 |
A prospective, randomized comparison of the metabolic effects of pioglitazone or rosiglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes who were previously treated with troglitazone.
Topics: Adult; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Th | 2002 |
In vivo kinetics of 123 iodine-labelled insulin in skeletal muscle of patients with type 2 diabetes. Effect of metformin.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Forearm; Functional Laterality; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agent | 2002 |
Evaluation of liver function in type 2 diabetic patients during clinical trials: evidence that rosiglitazone does not cause hepatic dysfunction.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alanine Transaminase; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method | 2002 |
The role of the family in managing therapy in minority children with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Black or African American; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Die | 2002 |
Nateglinide improves glycaemic control when added to metformin monotherapy: results of a randomized trial with type 2 diabetes patients.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2002 |
Simultaneous glyburide/metformin therapy is superior to component monotherapy as an initial pharmacological treatment for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fasting; Female; G | 2002 |
The contribution of metformin to glycaemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving combination therapy with insulin.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fasting; Femal | 2002 |
Metformin treatment lowers asymmetric dimethylarginine concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Arginine; Blood Glucose; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; H | 2002 |
Metformin increases AMP-activated protein kinase activity in skeletal muscle of subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; | 2002 |
Metformin increases AMP-activated protein kinase activity in skeletal muscle of subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; | 2002 |
Metformin increases AMP-activated protein kinase activity in skeletal muscle of subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; | 2002 |
Metformin increases AMP-activated protein kinase activity in skeletal muscle of subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; | 2002 |
Metformin increases AMP-activated protein kinase activity in skeletal muscle of subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; | 2002 |
Metformin increases AMP-activated protein kinase activity in skeletal muscle of subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; | 2002 |
Metformin increases AMP-activated protein kinase activity in skeletal muscle of subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; | 2002 |
Metformin increases AMP-activated protein kinase activity in skeletal muscle of subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; | 2002 |
Metformin increases AMP-activated protein kinase activity in skeletal muscle of subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; | 2002 |
Effect of orlistat in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Obesity Agents; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Diabetes | 2002 |
Rosiglitazone in combination with glimepiride plus metformin in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hu | 2002 |
Insulin, glibenclamide or metformin treatment for non insulin dependent diabetes: heterogenous responses of standard measures of insulin action and insulin secretion before and after differing hypoglycaemic therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Clamp Technique; Glybu | 1992 |
[Antidiabetic efficacy of benfluorex. Clinical data].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fenfluramine; Humans; Hypolipidemic A | 1992 |
Comparison of combined therapies in treatment of secondary failure to glyburide.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administra | 1992 |
Metformin normalizes nonoxidative glucose metabolism in insulin-resistant normoglycemic first-degree relatives of patients with NIDDM.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; | 1992 |
[Evaluation of the efficacy of metformin-glibenclamide treatment in overweight non-insulin dependent diabetics].
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glybu | 1992 |
The effect of oral buflomedil on microalbuminuria in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Albuminuria; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; | 1992 |
Effectiveness of glibenclamide on myocardial ischemic ventricular arrhythmias in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Angina Pectoris; Blood Glucose; Cardiac Complexes, Premature; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mell | 1991 |
Metformin causes a reduction in basal and post-venous occlusion plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: alpha-Macroglobulins; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Double-Blind Method; | 1991 |
Prospective comparative study in NIDDM patients of metformin and glibenclamide with special reference to lipid profiles.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Peptide; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mell | 1991 |
Metformin increases insulin sensitivity and basal glucose clearance in type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose; Humans; Insulin; | 1991 |
Effects of metformin and glibenclamide alone and in combination on serum lipids and lipoproteins in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Com | 1991 |
Effects of metformin on dyslipoproteinemia in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Apoproteins; Arteriosclerosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; | 1991 |
The effects of oral hypoglycaemic drugs on serum lipids and lipoproteins in non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM).
Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug | 1991 |
Comparative efficacy of metformin and glibenclamide in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glyb | 1991 |
Comparative three-month study of the efficacies of metformin and gliclazide in the treatment of NIDD.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female; Gliclazide; Hum | 1991 |
Prospective randomized two-years clinical study comparing additional metformin treatment with reducing diet in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; Female; Follow-Up Studi | 1991 |
Treatment strategies for secondary sulfonylurea failure. Should we start insulin or add metformin? Is there a place for intermittent insulin therapy?
Topics: Body Composition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination | 1991 |
Oral antidiabetic combination therapy with sulphonylureas and metformin.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; G | 1991 |
Treatment of NIDDM patients with secondary failure to glyburide: comparison of the addition of either metformin or bed-time NPH insulin to glyburide.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glyburide; Humans; Insulin; Metformin; | 1991 |
Sulfonylurea-metformin-combination versus sulfonylurea-insulin-combination in secondary failures of sulfonylurea monotherapy. Results of a prospective randomized study in 50 patients.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Insulin; Male; Metformin | 1991 |
Double-blind evaluation of efficacy and tolerability of metformin in NIDDM.
Topics: Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Femal | 1991 |
Insulin and sulphonylurea in the therapy of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Me | 1990 |
Comparison of tolbutamide and metformin in elderly diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 1990 |
Metformin-induced changes in serum lipids, lipoproteins, and apoproteins in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Apoproteins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hyperlipop | 1990 |
[Bedtime administration of metformin may reduce insulin requirements].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Insu | 1990 |
Different effects of insulin and oral antidiabetic agents on glucose and energy metabolism in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 1989 |
The effects of metformin on adipocyte insulin action and metabolic control in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bli | 1989 |
The reduction of low density lipoprotein cholesterol by metformin is maintained with long-term therapy.
Topics: Cholesterol; Cholesterol, LDL; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; | 1989 |
Metformin improves peripheral but not hepatic insulin action in obese patients with type II diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Circadian Rhythm; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dou | 1989 |
The hyperlactatemic effect of biguanides: a comparison between phenformin and metformin during a 6-month treatment.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Male; Metformin; Middle Aged; Phenformi | 1989 |
U.K. prospective diabetes study. II. Reduction in HbA1c with basal insulin supplement, sulfonylurea, or biguanide therapy in maturity-onset diabetes. A multicenter study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gl | 1985 |
The effect of glibenclamide and metformin on serum lipoproteins in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes M | 1988 |
Platelet behaviour in non-insulin-dependent diabetes--influence of vascular complications, treatment and metabolic control.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Blood Platelets; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Epinephrin | 1986 |
Serum C-peptide after 6 months on glibenclamide remains higher than during insulin treatment.
Topics: Adult; Aged; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glyburide; Humans; Insulin; Male; Metform | 1987 |
Effects of metformin treatment on erythrocyte insulin binding in normal weight subjects, in obese non diabetic subjects, in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Doubl | 1986 |
3787 other studies available for metformin and Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Maprouneacin, a new daphnane diterpenoid with potent antihyperglycemic activity from Maprounea africana.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diterpenes; Feeding Behavior; Hypogl | 1999 |
Antihyperglycemic sesquiterpenes from Psacalium decompositum.
Topics: Animals; Asteraceae; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diabetes Mell | 1999 |
Achyrofuran, a new antihyperglycemic dibenzofuran from the South American medicinal plant Achyrocline satureioides.
Topics: Animals; Asteraceae; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Furans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2002 |
Design and synthesis of 3,5-diarylisoxazole derivatives as novel class of anti-hyperglycemic and lipid lowering agents.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dos | 2009 |
Synthesis and biological activity of novel tiliroside derivants.
Topics: Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme Activation; | 2011 |
Discovery of a novel glucagon receptor antagonist N-[(4-{(1S)-1-[3-(3, 5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]ethyl}phenyl)carbonyl]-β-alanine (MK-0893) for the treatment of type II diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Area Under Curve; beta-Alanine; Blood Glucose; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Diabetes | 2012 |
Discovery of a novel phenylethyl benzamide glucokinase activator for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Animals; Benzamides; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Discovery; Enzyme Activation; | 2013 |
Discovery of SAR184841, a potent and long-lasting inhibitor of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, active in a physiopathological animal model of T2D.
Topics: 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1; Adamantane; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; D | 2013 |
Thiazolidin-4-one and thiazinan-4-one derivatives analogous to rosiglitazone as potential antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic agents.
Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Do | 2013 |
Discovery of 3-(4-methanesulfonylphenoxy)-N-[1-(2-methoxy-ethoxymethyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-5-(3-methylpyridin-2-yl)-benzamide as a novel glucokinase activator (GKA) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Animals; Benzamides; Blood Glucose; Cell Line; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2014 |
Discovery of 5-chloro-4-((1-(5-chloropyrimidin-2-yl)piperidin-4-yl)oxy)-1-(2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one (BMS-903452), an antidiabetic clinical candidate targeting GPR119.
Topics: Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Design; Drug Discovery; Hypoglyce | 2014 |
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of GY3-based derivatives for anti-type 2 diabetes activity.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Design; Hep G2 Cells; Huma | 2015 |
Synthesis and hypoglycemic activity of 9-O-(lipophilic group substituted) berberine derivatives.
Topics: Berberine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hep G2 Cells; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Spectrum Analysis | 2016 |
Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of novel free fatty acid receptor 1 agonists bearing amide linker.
Topics: Amides; Animals; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus | 2017 |
Borapetoside E, a Clerodane Diterpenoid Extracted from Tinospora crispa, Improves Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Type 2 Diabetes Mice.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; Diterpenes, Clerodane; Hyperglycemia; Hyperlipid | 2017 |
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pyrimidinedione derivatives as DPP-4 inhibitors.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipepti | 2018 |
Antidiabetic potential of phytochemicals isolated from the stem bark of Myristica fatua Houtt. var. magnifica (Bedd.) Sinclair.
Topics: alpha-Glucosidases; Binding Sites; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycoside Hy | 2018 |
Toward a treatment of diabesity: In vitro and in vivo evaluation of uncharged bromophenol derivatives as a new series of PTP1B inhibitors.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Cell Line; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Enzyme Inh | 2019 |
Design, synthesis and structural-activity relationship studies of phanginin A derivatives for regulating SIK1-cAMP/CREB signaling to suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gluconeogenesis; Liver; Mice; P | 2022 |
Differential Risk of Cancer Associated with Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: Analysis of Real-world Databases.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metf | 2022 |
Neuroprotective effects of metformin on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating PI3K/Akt pathway.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Brain Ischemia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; M | 2021 |
Continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration in metformin-associated lactic acidosis caused by a suicide attempt: A report of two cases.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2021 |
Cost-Effectiveness of Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 Inhibitors Added to Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in China.
Topics: Adamantane; China; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptidas | 2021 |
Association between α-glucosidase inhibitor use and psoriatic disease risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A population-based cohort study.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2021 |
Possible association between diabetic ketoacidosis and use of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor in a 17-year-old youth with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2021 |
Impact of overlapping risks of type 2 diabetes and obesity on coronavirus disease severity in the United States.
Topics: Aged; Aging; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Critical Care; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mell | 2021 |
Metformin and the Risk of Anemia of Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Anemia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hemo | 2022 |
Treatment Patterns of Type 2 Diabetes Assessed Using a Common Data Model Based on Electronic Health Records of 2000-2019.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhi | 2021 |
Association of SLC22A1 rs622342 and ATM rs11212617 polymorphisms with metformin efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Ataxia Telangiectasia; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2022 |
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of extended-release metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease stage 3B.
Topics: Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Rena | 2022 |
Clinically significant findings of high-risk mutations in human SLC29A4 gene associated with diabetes mellitus type 2 in Pakistani population.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Equilibrative Nucleoside Transport Proteins; Humans; Metformin; Molecular | 2022 |
Metformin Ameliorates Neuronal Necroptosis after Intracerebral Hemorrhage by Activating AMPK.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Ne | 2021 |
The cumulative dose-dependent effects of metformin on the development of tuberculosis in patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female | 2021 |
Prestroke Metformin Use on the 1-Year Prognosis of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Foll | 2021 |
Protocol for an observational cohort study investigating personalised medicine for intensification of treatment in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the PERMIT study.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2021 |
[Mechanism of Astragali Radix-Coptis Rhizoma pair in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus based on network pharmacology].
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Coptis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Metformin; Rats; R | 2021 |
Inpatient use of metformin and acarbose is associated with reduced mortality of COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inpatients; Metformin; R | 2022 |
Protective effect of metformin on lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: An experimental study in rats.
Topics: Animals; Aquaporin 2; Diabetes Insipidus, Nephrogenic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Lithium; M | 2021 |
Serum Vitamin B12 Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Metformin Compared to those Never on Metformin: A Cross-sectional Study from Bangladesh.
Topics: Adult; Bangladesh; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2021 |
Prescribing Patterns and Response to Antihyperglycemic Agents Among Novel Clusters of Type 2 Diabetes in Asian Indians.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; | 2022 |
Kv1.3 Channel Blockade Improves Inflammatory Profile, Reduces Cardiac Electrical Remodeling, and Prevents Arrhythmia in Type 2 Diabetic Rats.
Topics: Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atrial Remodeling; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabet | 2023 |
Metformin Protects Against Inflammation, Oxidative Stress to Delay Poly I:C-Induced Aging-Like Phenomena in the Gut of an Annual Fish.
Topics: Aging; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Inflamm | 2022 |
Use of metformin following a population-level intervention to encourage people with pre-diabetes to enroll in the National Diabetes Prevention Program.
Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Life Style; Metformin; Prediabetic State | 2021 |
Ameliorative effect of curcumin and zinc oxide nanoparticles on multiple mechanisms in obese rats with induced type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Blood Glucose; Curcumin; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2021 |
Beneficial effects of a plant-fish oil, slow carbohydrate diet on cardio-metabolic health exceed the correcting effects of metformin-pioglitazone in diabetic pigs fed a fast-food diet.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; Fast Foods; Fish Oils; Hypoglycem | 2021 |
Glucose-lowering drugs and outcome from COVID-19 among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-wide analysis in Hong Kong.
Topics: Aged; COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Female; Glucose; Hong | 2021 |
Temporal trends in intensification of glucose-lowering therapy for type 2 diabetes in Italy: Data from the AMD Annals initiative and their impact on clinical inertia.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Italy; Metform | 2021 |
Metformin Is Associated with a Lower Incidence of Benign Brain Tumors: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Brain Neoplasms; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agent | 2021 |
Topics: Acanthaceae; Animals; Atherosclerosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2021 |
Preadmission usage of metformin and mortality in COVID-19 patients including the post-discharge period.
Topics: Aftercare; Aged; Cohort Studies; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; | 2022 |
Topical application of metformin accelerates cutaneous wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diseas | 2022 |
Metformin induces muscle atrophy by transcriptional regulation of myostatin via HDAC6 and FoxO3a.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Histone Deacetylase 6; Humans; Metformin; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57 | 2022 |
Cardioprotective effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors versus sulfonylureas in addition to metformin: A nationwide cohort study of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Cerebrovascular Disorders; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibi | 2022 |
Comparison of Metformin-sulfonylurea and Metformin-acarbose Combination Therapies on Glycemic Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Topics: Acarbose; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated Hemo | 2022 |
Effects of type 2 diabetes and metformin on salivary microbiota in patients with chronic periodontitis.
Topics: Chronic Periodontitis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Microbiota; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S | 2021 |
Metformin promotes anticancer activity of NK cells in a p38 MAPK dependent manner.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Killer Cells, Natural; Melanoma; Metformin; Mice; p38 Mitogen-Ac | 2021 |
Metformin inhibits tumor growth and affects intestinal flora in diabetic tumor-bearing mice.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Correlation of Data; Diabetes Mellitus, Experiment | 2021 |
The role of sulfonylureas in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Sulfonylurea Compou | 2022 |
Bridelia ferruginea Benth. (Euphorbiaceae) mitigates oxidative imbalance and lipotoxicity, with concomitant modulation of insulin signaling pathways via GLUT4 upregulation in hepatic tissues of diabetic rats.
Topics: Animals; Catalytic Domain; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Euphorbiaceae; Gene Expression Regulation; Glu | 2022 |
Morphological and functional characterization of diabetic cardiomyopathy in db/db mice following exercise, metformin alone, or combination treatments.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic | 2021 |
Efficacy and safety of the addition of sitagliptin to treatment of youth with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycemic control on metformin without or with insulin.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Meth | 2022 |
Metformin induces insulin secretion by preserving pancreatic aquaporin 7 expression in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aquaporins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Insu | 2022 |
Metformin Treatment in Old Rats and Effects on Mitochondrial Integrity.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA, Mitochondrial; Metformin; Mitochondria; Rats | 2021 |
Effect of diabetes medications and glycemic control on risk of hepatocellular cancer in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycemic Control; Humans; Insulin; Liver Neopl | 2022 |
An Electronic Health Record-Compatible Model to Predict Personalized Treatment Effects From the Diabetes Prevention Program: A Cross-Evidence Synthesis Approach Using Clinical Trial and Real-World Data.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Electronic Health Records; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Precis | 2022 |
Screening for Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Asymptomatic Diseases; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; | 2021 |
Synergistic antidiabetic activity of Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber ex F.H.Wigg and Momordica charantia L. polyherbal combination.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cell Line; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug | 2022 |
Oral Antidiabetics and Sleep Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Data From the UK Biobank.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Biological Specimen Banks; Blood Glucose; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectiona | 2021 |
Gut microbiota of patients with type 2 diabetes and gastrointestinal intolerance to metformin differs in composition and functionality from tolerant patients.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Hyp | 2022 |
Metformin effect in models of inflammation is associated with activation of ATP-dependent potassium channels and inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α production.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Carrageenan; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Ede | 2022 |
Decreased efficacy of the ketamine and scopolamine-induced sustained antidepressant-like effects in rats receiving metformin.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans | 2022 |
Comparison of Beinaglutide Versus Metformin for Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Non-diabetic Patients.
Topics: Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metfor | 2022 |
[CME: Metformin - Dos and Don'ts].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Renal Insuffici | 2021 |
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis and acute kidney injury in the era of COVID-19.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2021 |
Unmasking Fracture Risk in Type 2 Diabetes: The Association of Longitudinal Glycemic Hemoglobin Level and Medications.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; | 2022 |
Metformin Treatment Among Men With Diabetes and the Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Population-Based Historical Cohort Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2022 |
Clinical Outcomes With Metformin and Sulfonylurea Therapies Among Patients With Heart Failure and Diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Hospitalization; Humans; Medicare; Metformin; | 2022 |
Pharmacotherapy of diabetes mellitus in patients with heart failure - a nation-wide analysis of contemporary treatment.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2023 |
Impaired metabolic effects of metformin in men with early-onset androgenic alopecia.
Topics: Alopecia; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Monitoring; Humans | 2022 |
Cardiovascular outcomes of type 2 diabetic patients treated with DPP‑4 inhibitors versus sulphonylureas as add-on to metformin in clinical practice.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Mass Index; Cardiotoxicity; Cardiovascular Diseases; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitu | 2021 |
Initial combination of metformin, sitagliptin, and empagliflozin in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes: Safety and metabolic effects.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucosides; Glycated Hem | 2022 |
Association of metformin use with Alzheimer's disease in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a population-based nested case-control study.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Comorbidity; Diabetes | 2021 |
Effects of early medication treatment and metformin use for cancer prevention in diabetes patients: a nationwide sample cohort study in Korea using extended landmark time analysis.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Neoplasms; Retros | 2021 |
Dapagliflozin, metformin, monotherapy or both in patients with metabolic syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Body Weight; C-Reactive Protein; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2021 |
Dispensation Patterns of Glucose-Lowering Drugs in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: Routine Data Analysis of Insurance Claims in Germany.
Topics: Aged; Data Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Female; Glucagon | 2022 |
The use of glucose-lowering medications for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus during pregnancy in the United States.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin, Regular, | 2022 |
Distinctive quality control method for solid-state fermented Isaria cicadae from strain Ic-17-7 and application in a rat model of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cordyceps; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Metformin; Quality Control; Rats; Rats | 2021 |
Safety of add-on sulfonylurea therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes using metformin: a population-based real-world study.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Retrospective Studies; Sul | 2021 |
Regulatory network of metformin on adipogenesis determined by combining high-throughput sequencing and GEO database.
Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; Adipocytes; Adipogenesis; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hi | 2022 |
[CME/Answers: Metformin - Dos and Don'ts].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Renal Insuffici | 2022 |
Evolving channeling in prescribing SGLT-2 inhibitors as first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2022 |
Metformin exerts anti-tumor effects via Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway by targeting AMPK in HepG2 cells.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Diab | 2022 |
Metformin in COVID-19: clinical trials are needed to prove its benefits.
Topics: COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2022 |
Association of Metformin Use With Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A General-Population-Based Cohort Study.
Topics: Adult; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Incidence; Metformin; Pulmonary Embolism; | 2022 |
Risk of genital and urinary tract infections associated with SGLT-2 inhibitors as an add-on therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A retrospective cohort study in Korea.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipep | 2022 |
The Effects of Separate and Combined Treatment of Male Rats with Type 2 Diabetes with Metformin and Orthosteric and Allosteric Agonists of Luteinizing Hormone Receptor on Steroidogenesis and Spermatogenesis.
Topics: Adenylate Kinase; Allosteric Regulation; Animals; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diab | 2021 |
Combination therapy with pioglitazone/exenatide/metformin reduces the prevalence of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis: The efficacy and durability of initial combination therapy for type 2 diabetes (EDICT).
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Humans; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Metformin; Non-alcoholic Fatty | 2022 |
Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Exercise; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2022 |
Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Epigynum auritum in high fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Topics: Animals; Apocynaceae; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Die | 2022 |
Effectiveness and safety of basal insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with or without metformin observed in a national cohort in China.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemog | 2022 |
[News in diabetology 2021].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; General Practitioners; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2022 |
FSH may mediate the association between HbA1c and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Biomarkers; Bone Density; Bone Remodeling; Collagen Type I; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Folli | 2022 |
Metformin ameliorates chronic colitis in a mouse model by regulating interferon-γ-producing lamina propria CD4
Topics: Adoptive Transfer; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Colitis; Colo | 2022 |
Metformin in selected malignancies in women.
Topics: Cell Proliferation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endometrial Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2022 |
The effects of metformin, pioglitazone, exenatide and exercise on fatty liver in obese diabetic rats: the role of IRS-1 and SOCS-3 molecules.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Insulin Receptor Sub | 2022 |
The Use of Oral Hypoglycemic Agents during Pregnancy: An Alternative to Insulin?
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Infant | 2021 |
Use of oral anti-diabetic drugs and risk of hospital and intensive care unit admissions for infections.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Hospitals; | 2022 |
The Impact of Diabetes and Glucose-Lowering Therapies on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence and Overall Survival.
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Incidence; Liver Cirrh | 2022 |
Beneficial effects of metformin supplementation in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and arcuate nucleus of type 2 diabetic rats.
Topics: Animals; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus; Astrocytes; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2022 |
Metformin alleviates ionizing radiation-induced senescence by restoring BARD1-mediated DNA repair in human aortic endothelial cells.
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Cellular Senescence; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA Damage; DNA Repair; Endothelial | 2022 |
Mitigation of streptozotocin-induced alterations by natural agents via upregulation of PDX1 and Ins1 genes in male rats.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2022 |
Effect of Propionic Acid on Diabetes-Induced Impairment of Unfolded Protein Response Signaling and Astrocyte/Microglia Crosstalk in Rat Ventromedial Nucleus of the Hypothalamus.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; Glucose; Glycat | 2022 |
High atherogenic risk concomitant with elevated HbA1c among persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus in North Ethiopia.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Comorbidity; Coronary Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ethi | 2022 |
Metformin versus sulphonylureas for new onset atrial fibrillation and stroke in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based study.
Topics: Atrial Fibrillation; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; M | 2022 |
Does Metformin Treatment in Pediatric Population Cause Vitamin B12 Deficiency?
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Homocysteine; Humans; Male; Metabolic Syndrome | 2022 |
Initiating second-line antidiabetic medication among older adults with type 2 diabetes on Metformin.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Medicare Part C; | 2022 |
Metformin-based single pill drug combinations for type 2 diabetes in primary care England: A time trend analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Human | 2022 |
Metformin and risk of age-related macular degeneration in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Macular Degeneration | 2023 |
Association of Metformin Use During Hospitalization and Mortality in Critically Ill Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Sepsis.
Topics: Adult; Critical Illness; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hospitalization; Humans; Metformin; Retrospectiv | 2022 |
Extended versus immediate-release metformin.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Metformin; Sy | 2022 |
Metformin sensitizes AML cells to chemotherapy through blocking mitochondrial transfer from stromal cells to AML cells.
Topics: Animals; Cytarabine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Metformin; Mice; M | 2022 |
Osteocalcin serum levels in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: The virtual points observed in a case control study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated | 2021 |
Clinical profiling and screening for HNF4α and GCK gene mutations in Kashmiri patients with maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY).
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucokinase; Glycated He | 2022 |
Cardiac Dysfunction Due to Thiamine Deficiency after Hemodialysis for Biguanide-related Lactic Acidosis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Beriberi; Biguanides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Diseases; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2022 |
Youth with type 2 diabetes have a high rate of treatment failure after discontinuation of insulin: A Pediatric Diabetes Consortium study.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2022 |
Metformin and survival: Is there benefit in a cohort limited to diabetic women with endometrial, breast, or ovarian cancer?
Topics: Blood Glucose; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2022 |
Clinical Study on the Relationship between the SNP rs8192675 (C/C) Site of SLC2A2 Gene and the Hypoglycemic Effect of Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Transporter Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2022 |
Effects of canagliflozin and metformin on insulin resistance and visceral adipose tissue in people with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Biomarkers; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin R | 2022 |
Metformin induces S-adenosylmethionine restriction to extend the Caenorhabditis elegans healthspan through H3K4me3 modifiers.
Topics: Animals; Caenorhabditis elegans; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Histone | 2022 |
Metformin Reduces Blood Glucose in Treatment-Naive Type 2 Diabetes by Altering the Gut Microbiome.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glucose; Glycated Hemoglobin; | 2022 |
Comparative Study of the Restoring Effect of Metformin, Gonadotropin, and Allosteric Agonist of Luteinizing Hormone Receptor on Spermatogenesis in Male Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Animals; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Male; M | 2022 |
DoE-Based Analytical Failure Modes Critical Effect Analysis (AFMCEA) to a Multipurpose-RP-HPLC Method for the Estimation of Multiple FDC Products of Metformin Hydrochloride Using an Analytical Quality by Design Approach.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Pioglitazone; Re | 2022 |
Urolithin A Attenuates Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Impairment by Ameliorating Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction via N-glycan Biosynthesis Pathway.
Topics: Animals; Cognitive Dysfunction; Coumarins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; Inflammation; | 2022 |
The impact of oral hypoglycemics and statins on outcomes in myelodysplastic syndromes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Red | 2022 |
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; | 2022 |
Metformin disrupts insulin secretion, causes proapoptotic and oxidative effects in rat pancreatic beta-cells in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Insulin-Secreting Cell | 2022 |
Characterization, management, and risk factors of hyperglycemia during PI3K or AKT inhibitor treatment.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Phosphatidylinosit | 2022 |
Real-world comparison of mono and dual combination therapies of metformin, sulfonylurea, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors using a common data model: A retrospective observational study.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fem | 2022 |
Concurrent Nivolumab and Metformin in Diabetic Cancer Patients: Is It Safe and More Active?
Topics: Aged; B7-H1 Antigen; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Immune Checkpoi | 2022 |
Metformin Downregulates the Expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Independent of Lowering Blood Glucose in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Down-Regulation; ErbB Rece | 2022 |
Metformin use and the risk of bacterial pneumonia in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Metformin; Middle Aged; Pneumonia | 2022 |
Depression and the risk of hospitalization in type 2 diabetes patients: A nested case-control study accounting for non-persistence to antidiabetic treatment.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Case-Control Studies; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hospitalizatio | 2022 |
Clinical Care Among Individuals with Prediabetes in Primary Care: a Retrospective Cohort Study.
Topics: Adult; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Metformin; Pred | 2022 |
The influence of SLC22A3 rs543159 and rs1317652 genetic variants on metformin therapeutic efficacy in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: 25 weeks follow-up study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genotyping Techniques; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Linear Models | 2022 |
Intestinal AMPK modulation of microbiota mediates crosstalk with brown fat to control thermogenesis.
Topics: Adipose Tissue, Brown; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High | 2022 |
Response to "Metformin use and risk of COVID-19 among patients with type II diabetes mellitus: an NHIS-COVID-19 database cohort study".
Topics: Cohort Studies; COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2022 |
Cost-effectiveness of dapagliflozin compared to DPP-4 inhibitors as combination therapy with metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus without established cardiovascular disease in Colombia.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Cardiovascular Diseases; Colombia; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2022 |
Hypoglycemic effect on adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) of the 3β-6β-16β-trihydroxylup-20(29)-ene triterpene isolated from Combretum leprosum leaves in vivo and in silico approach.
Topics: Acarbose; Animals; Combretum; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metform | 2022 |
Cardiorenal outcomes with ertugliflozin assessed according to baseline glucose-lowering agent: An analysis from VERTIS CV.
Topics: Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipepti | 2022 |
Progression of established non-diabetic chronic kidney disease is halted by metformin treatment in rats.
Topics: Adenine; Animals; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Female; Humans; | 2022 |
Weight gain in pregnancy: can metformin steady the scales?
Topics: Birth Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Metformin; Pregnancy; Preg | 2022 |
Comparison of glucose metabolism and anthropometry in women with previous gestational diabetes treated with metformin vs. insulin: 9-year follow-up of two randomized trials.
Topics: Anthropometry; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; | 2022 |
Reduced lactic acidosis risk with Imeglimin: Comparison with Metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dogs; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lactic Acid | 2022 |
Proteomic profiling of metformin effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by SILAC-based quantification.
Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; Adipocytes; Amino Acids; Animals; Cell Culture Techniques; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2022 |
Cardiovascular Health in Severe Mental Illness: Potential Role for Metformin.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Mental Disorders; M | 2022 |
Comparison of the effects on cardiovascular events between use of metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors as the first-line hypoglycaemic agents in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a claims database analysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl | 2022 |
Empagliflozin Improves Cognitive Impairment in Frail Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Cognitive Dysfunction; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Frail Elderly; Glucosi | 2022 |
Association of metformin treatment and outcome in adult patients with ITP and pre-existing T2DM.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Retrospective Studies; Tre | 2022 |
Association of gene polymorphisms with body weight changes in prediabetic patients.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Humans; Metformin; M | 2022 |
Efficacy of Dulaglutide in a Patient With Type 2 Diabetes, High Cardiovascular Risk, and HIV: A Case Report.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Glucag | 2022 |
Effects of Capsaicin on the Hypoglycemic Regulation of Metformin and Gut Microbiota Profiles in Type 2 Diabetic Rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Capsaicin; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2022 |
Metformin Use in Relation to Clinical Outcomes and Hyperinflammatory Syndrome Among COVID-19 Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Propensity Score Analysis of a Territory-Wide Cohort.
Topics: COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hospital Mortality; Humans; Metformin; | 2022 |
Cardiovascular outcomes associated with treatment of type 2 diabetes in patients with ischaemic heart failure.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Hospitalization; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; M | 2022 |
Evaluation of Metformin Hydrochloride Tailoring Bilosomes as an Effective Transdermal Nanocarrier.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Excipients; Humans; Metf | 2022 |
Diabetes, antidiabetic medications and risk of depression - A population-based cohort and nested case-control study.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glu | 2022 |
Activation of 20-HETE Synthase Triggers Oxidative Injury and Peripheral Nerve Damage in Type 2 Diabetic Mice.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Cytochrome P-450 CYP4A; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Dia | 2022 |
Metformin attenuates early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats via AMPK-dependent mitophagy.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Apoptosis; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain Edema; Brain Injuries; | 2022 |
Reduced Progression of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance to Multiple Myeloma in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Will Metformin Never Stop Its Pleasant Surprises?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Humans; Metformin; Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undeterm | 2022 |
Trends in Timing of and Glycemia at Initiation of Second-line Type 2 Diabetes Treatment in U.S. Adults.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; M | 2022 |
Metformin resistant MDA-MB-468 cells exhibit EMT-like phenotype and increased migration capacity.
Topics: Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Epithelial-Mesenchym | 2022 |
Metformin is associated with favorable outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Retrospe | 2022 |
Does optimal HbA1c in diabetes differ according to drug treatment? An evaluation of national electronic database in Malta.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electronics; Glycated Hemoglobi | 2022 |
Intranasal metformin treatment ameliorates cognitive functions via insulin signaling pathway in ICV-STZ-induced mice model of Alzheimer's disease.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Mod | 2022 |
The effects of metformin and forskolin on sperm quality parameters and sexual hormones in type II diabetic male rats.
Topics: Animals; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Blood Glucose; Colforsin; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diab | 2022 |
Effects of Combined
Topics: Animals; Aryldialkylphosphatase; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2022 |
Metformin protects 5-Fu-induced chemotherapy oral mucositis by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress in mice.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; | 2022 |
Effect of Metformin on T2D-Induced MAM Ca
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies; Disease Models, Animal; Heart Failure | 2022 |
Evaluation for clinical benefit of metformin in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a national claims-based cohort analysis.
Topics: Adult; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis; Insurance C | 2022 |
Transient Complete Blindness Due to Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis (MALA) Reversed with Hemodialysis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Blindness; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diarrhea; Female; | 2022 |
Glycaemic control of Asian patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus on tiered up-titration of metformin monotherapy: A one-year real-world retrospective longitudinal study in primary care.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated H | 2022 |
Effects of CMF and MET on glutamate and dopamine levels in the brain, and their impact on cognitive function.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Brain; Breast Neoplasms; Cognition; Cycloph | 2022 |
Role of Ambulatory Glucose Profile in Precision Medicine in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase | 2022 |
Diabetic patients treated with metformin during early stages of Alzheimer's disease show a better integral performance: data from ADNI study.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin | 2022 |
Continuous glucose monitoring demonstrates low risk of clinically significant hypoglycemia associated with sulphonylurea treatment in an African type 2 diabetes population: results from the OPTIMAL observational multicenter study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans | 2022 |
Efficacy of Sitagliptin on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in High-fat-diet-fed Diabetic Mice.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; | 2022 |
Metformin treatment is associated with an increase in bone mineral density in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in China: A retrospective single center study.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Bone Density; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fe | 2022 |
Metformin-induced reductions in tumor growth involves modulation of the gut microbiome.
Topics: Animals; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; Gastrointestinal Microbiom | 2022 |
Metformin in nucleus accumbens core reduces cue-induced cocaine seeking in male and female rats.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Cocaine; Cues; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Male; Metf | 2022 |
Association between metformin use and the risk of age-related macular degeneration in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Macular Degeneration; | 2022 |
Relationship between metformin use and lactic acidosis in advanced chronic kidney disease: The REMIND-TMU study.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Renal In | 2022 |
Effects of combination treatment with metformin and berberine on hypoglycemic activity and gut microbiota modulation in db/db mice.
Topics: Animals; Berberine; Chromatography, Liquid; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2022 |
A Planar Culture Model of Human Absorptive Enterocytes Reveals Metformin Increases Fatty Acid Oxidation and Export.
Topics: Caco-2 Cells; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enterocytes; Fatty Acids; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metf | 2022 |
Type 2 diabetes medication and HbA1c levels in North Karelia Finland, 2013-2019.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Finland; Glycated Hemoglobin; | 2022 |
Youth-onset type 2 diabetes in Israel: A national cohort.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; I | 2022 |
A patient with severe metformin-associated lactic acidosis complicated by acute coronary syndrome: a case report.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Coronary Syndrome; Acute Kidney Injury; Bicarbonates; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2022 |
Role of metformin in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; | 2022 |
A comment on metformin and COVID-19 with regard to "Metformin use is associated with a decrease in the risk of hospitalization and mortality in COVID-19 patients with diabetes: A population-based study in Lombardy".
Topics: COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hospitalization; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Retros | 2022 |
Foregone Opportunities? Time to Treatment Intensification Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Elevated Glycated Hemoglobin on Metformin Monotherapy, 2009-2018.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2022 |
Pioglitazone and breast cancer risk in female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort analysis.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; In | 2022 |
Association of Diabetes Medication With Open-Angle Glaucoma, Age-Related Macular Degeneration, and Cataract in the Rotterdam Study.
Topics: Aged; Cataract; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Ins | 2022 |
Marginal Structural Models Using Calibrated Weights With SuperLearner: Application to Type II Diabetes Cohort.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Metformin; Models, Structura | 2022 |
Efficacy of tirzepatide 5, 10 and 15 mg versus semaglutide 2 mg in patients with type 2 diabetes: An adjusted indirect treatment comparison.
Topics: Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; Glucago | 2022 |
A nationwide wastewater-based assessment of metformin consumption across Australia.
Topics: Australia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Wastewater; Wastewater-Based Epidemiologica | 2022 |
Metformin-associated Lactic Acidosis with Hypoglycemia during the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ma | 2022 |
Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients Initiating First-Line Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes With Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors Versus Metformin : A Cohort Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose; He | 2022 |
Metformin modulates mitochondrial function and mitophagy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Leukocyte | 2022 |
Metabolic regulation by the intestinal metformin-AMPK axis.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2022 |
Role of human organic cation transporter-1 (OCT-1/SLC22A1) in modulating the response to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Cations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Molecular Docking Simula | 2022 |
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors as an Add-on Therapy to Metformin Plus Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl | 2022 |
Predictors for successful weight reduction during treatment with Dapagliflozin among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in primary care.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucosides; Humans; Male; Metf | 2022 |
Are we closer to providing better guidance for prescribing metformin and exercise to patients?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2022 |
Ultrafast Measurement of Metformin in the Clinical Setting Using Probe Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Indicator Dilution Techniqu | 2023 |
Barriers against the use of an optimal dose of metformin among patients with T2DM in Thi-Qar province, Iraq.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Iraq; Male; | 2022 |
Cardiovascular benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes, interaction with metformin and role of erythrocytosis: a self-controlled case series study.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Metformin; Polycythemia; | 2022 |
Effects of diabetes type 2 and metformin treatment in Swedish patients with colorectal cancer.
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Sweden | 2022 |
[Dihydromyricetin improves cardiac insufficiency by inhibiting HMGB1 in diabetic rats].
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Flavonols; Heart Failure; HMGB1 | 2022 |
Metformin Reduces Potassium Currents and Prolongs Repolarization in Non-Diabetic Heart.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; HEK293 Cells; Humans; I | 2022 |
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: An Informative Endpoint or an Added Burden in Metformin Drug-Drug Interaction Studies?
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Hypogly | 2022 |
Gaps of Medication Treatment Management Between Guidelines and Real-World for Inpatients With Type 2 Diabetes in China From Pharmacist's Perspective.
Topics: Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Cholesterol, LDL; Cross- | 2022 |
Risk of New-Onset Prostate Cancer for Metformin Versus Sulfonylurea Use in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Propensity Score-Matched Study.
Topics: Aged; Androgen Antagonists; Androgens; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Male; Metformin; Propensit | 2022 |
Active coating of immediate-release evogliptin tartrate to prepare fixed dose combination tablet with sustained-release metformin HCl.
Topics: Animals; Cross-Over Studies; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dogs; Drug Comb | 2022 |
Use and Impact of Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Interventions.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bariatric Surgery; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans | 2022 |
Monoamine oxidase is a source of cardiac oxidative stress in obese rats: the beneficial role of metformin.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Metformin; Monoamine Oxidase; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; Obes | 2023 |
The Therapeutic Activities of Metformin: Focus on the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway and Oxidative Stress Amelioration.
Topics: Antioxidants; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1; Metformin; NF- | 2023 |
Clinical course of adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A nationwide cohort study in Taiwan.
Topics: Adolescent; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metform | 2022 |
Variation in open access vildagliptin use in Waikato patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Access to Information; Adamantane; Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibit | 2022 |
Scientific and ethical issues in add-on designs for antidiabetic drugs.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2022 |
How Diabetes and Other Comorbidities of Elderly Patients and Their Treatment Influence Levels of Glycation Products.
Topics: Aged; Amines; Atherosclerosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Humans; | 2022 |
In Vitro and In Ovo Evaluation of the Potential Hepatoprotective Effect of Metformin.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hepatocytes; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Mitoc | 2022 |
Comparative Effects of Embryonic Metformin Exposure on Wild and Laboratory-Spawned Fathead Minnow (
Topics: Animals; Cyprinidae; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ecosystem; Metformin; Water; Water Pollutants, Chemi | 2022 |
Metformin use is associated with a lower risk of rotator cuff disease in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inc | 2022 |
Effect of different antidiabetic medications on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score among patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus: A multicenter non-interventional observational study.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2022 |
Metformin alleviates osteoarthritis in mice by inhibiting chondrocyte ferroptosis and improving subchondral osteosclerosis and angiogenesis.
Topics: Animals; Chondrocytes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Ferroptosis; Metformin; Mi | 2022 |
Positive regulation of endothelial Tom70 by metformin as a new mechanism against cardiac microvascular injury in diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelial Cells; Glucose; Metformin; Mice; Mitochondrial Membr | 2022 |
Knockdown of NUPR1 Enhances the Sensitivity of Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Cells to Metformin by AKT Inhibition.
Topics: Activating Transcription Factor 4; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans | 2022 |
A software interface for in silico testing of type 2 diabetes treatments.
Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Computer Simulation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agent | 2022 |
The effect of chronic exposure to metformin in a new type-2 diabetic NONcNZO10/LtJ mouse model of stroke.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; H | 2022 |
Effects of antidiabetic agents on Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in experimentally induced hyperglycemic rat model by streptozocin.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases | 2022 |
Metformin and the Development of Asthma in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Asthma; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hospitalization; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Metformi | 2022 |
Prediabetes: Adherence to Nutrition Visits Decreases HbA1c in Children and Adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Ma | 2022 |
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2022 |
Glucose metabolism controls human γδ T-cell-mediated tumor immunosurveillance in diabetes.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Lymphocyte Activation; Me | 2022 |
Metformin use is not associated with colorectal cancer incidence in type-2 diabetes patients: evidence from methods that avoid immortal time bias.
Topics: Bias; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Metfo | 2022 |
Study of Diversity of Metformin Related Gastrointestinal Side Effects.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2022 |
[Imeglimin: features of the mechanism of action and potential benefits].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformin; Sitagliptin Phosphate; T | 2022 |
Ferulic acid mitigates diabetic cardiomyopathy via modulation of metabolic abnormalities in cardiac tissues of diabetic rats.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antioxidants; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabete | 2023 |
Nutrient Condition in the Microenvironment Determines Essential Metabolisms of CD8
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gluco | 2022 |
Sulfonylurea and Cancer Risk Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Cohort Study.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Neoplasms; Retros | 2022 |
Metformin and breast cancer: an opportunity for pharmacogenetics.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pharmac | 2022 |
Metformin and Gegen Qinlian Decoction boost islet α-cell proliferation of the STZ induced diabetic rats.
Topics: Animals; Cell Proliferation; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drugs, Chin | 2022 |
The effect of metformin on the survival of colorectal cancer patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Retrospecti | 2022 |
Effect of metformin on outcome after acute ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Brain Ischemia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Metformin; Stroke; Treatment Out | 2022 |
Metformin and microvascular complications: Are we sure?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2022 |
Reduced Cytokine Tumour Necrosis Factor by Pharmacological Intervention in a Preclinical Study.
Topics: Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Metformin; Mice; P | 2022 |
Effects of the Lipid Profile, Type 2 Diabetes and Medication on the Metabolic Syndrome-Associated Gut Microbiome.
Topics: Butyrates; Clostridiales; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Metabolic | 2022 |
Exploring the Mechanism of Adjuvant Treatment of Glioblastoma Using Temozolomide and Metformin.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Brain Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA | 2022 |
Safety update: metformin and vitamin B
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Defici | 2022 |
The influence of metformin transporter gene SLC22A1 and SLC47A1 variants on steady-state pharmacokinetics and glycemic response.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2022 |
Metformin treatment is associated with improved outcome in patients with diabetes and advanced heart failure (HFrEF).
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Metformin; Quality of Life; St | 2022 |
Relationship Between Plasmatic Metformin Concentration and Renal Replacement Therapy: A Multicenter Cohort Study.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; | 2022 |
Quality of care and prescription patterns among patients with diabetic kidney disease-a large-scale cohort study from Taiwanese clinics.
Topics: Cholesterol, LDL; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Glycated Hemogl | 2022 |
Metformin, pioglitazone and gout risk.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gout; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; | 2022 |
Health Beliefs Associated With Metformin Use Among Insured Adults With Prediabetes.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; | 2022 |
The case for reduced-dose metformin in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus with stage 4 chronic kidney disease.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic | 2022 |
Association of glucose-lowering drugs with incident stroke and transient ischaemic attacks in primary care patients with type 2 diabetes: disease analyzer database.
Topics: Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Female; Glucagon-Like Pe | 2022 |
Preferential effect of Montelukast on Dapagliflozin: Modulation of IRS-1/AKT/GLUT4 and ER stress response elements improves insulin sensitivity in soleus muscle of a type-2 diabetic rat model.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Antioxidants; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Cyclopropanes; Diabetes Mellit | 2022 |
The Protective Action of Metformin against Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine-Induced Human Islet Cell Damage and the Mechanisms Involved.
Topics: Caspase 3; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Insulin | 2022 |
Dose-dependent relation between metformin and the risk of hormone receptor-positive, her2-negative breast cancer among postmenopausal women with type-2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Medicare; M | 2022 |
The spike of SARS-CoV-2 promotes metabolic rewiring in hepatocytes.
Topics: Animals; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Liver; Hepatocytes; Humans; Metfo | 2022 |
Trends in Prescribing Preferences for Antidiabetic Medications Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in the U.K. With and Without Chronic Kidney Disease, 2006-2020.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl | 2022 |
Rapamycin/metformin co-treatment normalizes insulin sensitivity and reduces complications of metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetic mice.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Liver; Hyperglycemia; Hyp | 2022 |
Entering the Sugar Rush Era: Revisiting the Antihyperglycemic Activities of Biguanides after a Century of Metformin Discovery.
Topics: Antimalarials; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Molecular Docking | 2023 |
Metformin improves neurobehavioral impairments of streptozotocin-treated and western diet-fed mice: Beyond glucose-lowering effects.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitu | 2023 |
Novel
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dyslipidemias; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hydrolyzable T | 2022 |
Effects of metformin on changes of miR-19a and miR-221 expression associated with myocardial infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; MicroRNAs; Myocardial | 2022 |
CCNE1 is a potential target of Metformin for tumor suppression of ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cyclin E; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Femal | 2023 |
Metformin administration is associated with enhanced response to transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma in type 2 diabetes patients.
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Liver | 2022 |
Regulatory Effects of Metformin, an Antidiabetic Biguanide Drug, on the Metabolism of Primary Rat Adipocytes.
Topics: Adipocytes; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Epinephrine; Glucose; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; | 2022 |
Prevalence and risk factors of vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Results from discover Middle East and Africa cohort.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hy | 2022 |
Risk factors for COVID-19 case fatality rate in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A nationwide retrospective cohort study of 235,248 patients in the Russian Federation.
Topics: Aged; Coronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2022 |
Effect of Dapagliflozin in Combination with Lobeglitazone and Metformin in Korean Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Real-World Clinical Practice.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Dr | 2022 |
Gentiopicroside alleviates cardiac inflammation and fibrosis in T2DM rats through targeting Smad3 phosphorylation.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fibrosis; Heart Failure | 2022 |
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis and factors associated with 30-day mortality.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Renal Dialysis | 2022 |
A high-performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous quantification of metformin and ferulic acid in solid dosage forms.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Pharmaceutical P | 2022 |
A new predictive model for the concurrent risk of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes patients and the effect of metformin on amino acids.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Humans; Metformin | 2022 |
SGLT2 inhibitor treatment is not associated with an increased risk of osteoporotic fractures when compared to GLP-1 receptor agonists: A nationwide cohort study.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Humans; Metformin; Oste | 2022 |
The consumption of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) effectively alleviates type 2 diabetes symptoms in spontaneous diabetic rats.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Frui | 2022 |
Use of Concurrent Anti-diabetes Medications in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Clinical Practice in the United States.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2022 |
Metformin and the Risk of Chronic Urticaria in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Chronic Urticaria; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence | 2022 |
Discontinuation of diabetes medication in the 10 years before death in Denmark: a register-based study.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Denmark; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Female | 2021 |
Metformin encapsulated gold nanoparticles (MTF-GNPs): A promising antiglycation agent.
Topics: Arginine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Gold; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2022 |
Evaluation of selected antidiabetics in cardiovascular complications associated with cancer cachexia.
Topics: Cachexia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Neoplasms; Sodium-Gluco | 2023 |
Sulfonylurea Is Associated With Higher Risks of Ventricular Arrhythmia or Sudden Cardiac Death Compared With Metformin: A Population-Based Cohort Study.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Cohort Studies; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Diabetes Mell | 2022 |
Association of metformin and depression in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; Human | 2022 |
Alpha-cells and therapy of diabetes: Inhibition, antagonism or death?
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glucagon; Glucagon-Like Pept | 2022 |
Comparative effect of metformin versus sulfonylureas with dementia and Parkinson's disease risk in US patients over 50 with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Dementia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Mid | 2022 |
Sex-specific effects of maternal metformin intervention during glucose-intolerant obese pregnancy on body composition and metabolic health in aged mouse offspring.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Body Composition; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Diet, Hig | 2022 |
Exercise and Metformin Intervention Prevents Lipotoxicity-Induced Hepatocyte Apoptosis by Alleviating Oxidative and ER Stress and Activating the AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in db/db Mice.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Blood G | 2022 |
Real-world risk of lower-limb amputation associated with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors versus metformin: A propensity score-matched model analysis in Japan.
Topics: Amputation, Surgical; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA | 2022 |
After Metformin - Next Steps for Type 2 Diabetes with Low Cardiovascular Risk.
Topics: Cardiometabolic Risk Factors; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2022 |
Metformin for the Treatment of Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Male; Metformin; Middle Aged; Papillomavirus | 2023 |
The Association of Metformin, Other Antidiabetic Medications and Statins on the Prognosis of Rectal Cancer in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2022 |
[Gestational diabetes mellitus in a hospital in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina: incidence, treatment, and frequency of screening for reclassification after childbirth]
Topics: Argentina; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Glucose Intolera | 2022 |
The use of metformin for type 2 diabetes prevention: Observational multicenter study from Saudi Arabia.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Glycated Hemogl | 2022 |
Tumour, whole-blood, plasma and tissue concentrations of metformin in lung cancer patients.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lung Neoplasms; Metformin; P | 2023 |
Metformin protects against vascular calcification through the selective degradation of Runx2 by the p62 autophagy receptor.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Autophagy; Cells, Cultured; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; Diab | 2022 |
Factor analysis as a tool to explore the heterogeneity of type 2 diabetes: A feasibility study.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Factor Analysis, Statist | 2022 |
A 5-year trend in the use of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and other oral antidiabetic drugs in a Middle Eastern country.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glycoside Hy | 2022 |
The societal impact of early intensified treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2022 |
Metformin is Protective Against the Development of Mood Disorders.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Mood Disorders; Retrospective Studies | 2023 |
Transarterial chemoembolization combined with metformin improves the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Melli | 2022 |
First-Line Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes With Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists : A Cost-Effectiveness Study.
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 R | 2022 |
Emulating the GRADE trial using real world data: retrospective comparative effectiveness study.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hum | 2022 |
Comparison of the effect of liraglutide and metformin therapy on the disease regulation and weight loss in obese patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemo | 2022 |
Increased expression of glucagon-like peptide-1 and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in the ileum and colon in mouse treated with metformin.
Topics: Animals; Caco-2 Cells; Colon; Creosote; Cyclic AMP; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regula | 2023 |
Effects of dulaglutide on endothelial progenitor cells and arterial elasticity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Ankle Brachial Index; Atherosclerosis; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Elasticity; En | 2022 |
Diabetes management in chronic kidney disease: a consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO).
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glucose; Humans; Kidney; Metformin; Mineralocort | 2022 |
Association between first-line monotherapy with metformin and the risk of atrial fibrillation (AMRAF) in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Atrial Fibrillation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; I | 2022 |
The position of SGLT2 inhibitors in current medical practice - update 2022.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucosides; Glycated Hemoglobin; Heart Failure; Hum | 2022 |
The determination of the effect(s) of solute carrier family 22-member 2 (SLC22A2) haplotype variants on drug binding via molecular dynamic simulation systems.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Haplotypes; Humans; Ligands; Lipid Bilayers; Metformin; Molecular Docking | 2022 |
Antidiabetic treatment and COVID-19 Outcomes: A population-based cohort study in primary health care in Catalonia during the first wave of the pandemic.
Topics: Cohort Studies; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2022 |
Use of oral diabetes medications and the risk of incident dementia in US veterans aged ≥60 years with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; | 2022 |
Efficacy and safety of combination of empagliflozin and metformin with combination of sitagliptin and metformin during Ramadan: an observational study.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Drug Therapy | 2022 |
COVID-19 and diabetic ketoacidosis: A case series at an urban district hospital in South Africa.
Topics: Adult; Biphasic Insulins; COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Female; Glycat | 2022 |
Lipids Alterations Associated with Metformin in Healthy Subjects: An Investigation Using Mass Spectrometry Shotgun Approach.
Topics: Arachidonic Acid; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycerophospholipids; Healthy Volunteers; Human | 2022 |
Fufang-zhenzhu-tiaozhi formula protects islet against injury and promotes β cell regeneration in diabetic mice.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Eosine Yellowish | 2023 |
Treatment effect of metformin combined with atorvastatin in reducing in-stent restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention in coronary artery disease patients with type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Atorvastatin; Blood Glucose; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Artery Disease; Coronary Restenosis; Dia | 2022 |
Examining the relationship between metformin dose and cancer survival: A SEER-Medicare analysis.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Medicare; Metfor | 2022 |
The METRO study: a retrospective analysis of the efficacy of metformin for type 2 diabetes in Japan.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hy | 2023 |
Comparison of plasma and salivary meteorin-like protein levels in patients with newly diagnosed Type-2 diabetes and treated with metformin.
Topics: Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Metformin; Poly (ADP-Ribos | 2022 |
Metformin and risk of gingival/periodontal diseases in diabetes patients: A retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Periodontal Diseases; Retrospecti | 2022 |
Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in people with type 2 diabetes during Ramadan fasting.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypogl | 2022 |
Association between metformin and survival outcomes in in-hospital cardiac arrest patients with diabetes.
Topics: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Arrest; Hospitals; Humans; Metformin | 2023 |
Metformin suppresses Oxidative Stress induced by High Glucose via Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in Type 2 Diabetic Osteoporosis.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Heme Oxygenase-1; Metformin; Mice; NF-E2-Related Factor | 2023 |
Trends in add-on medications following metformin monotherapy for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dipeptidy | 2022 |
[Advantages of the use of metformin in patients with impaired uric acid metabolism].
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gout; Humans; Hyperuricemia; Hypoglycemic Agent | 2021 |
Reassessing the evidence of a survival advantage in Type 2 diabetes treated with metformin compared with controls without diabetes: a retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Retrospective Stu | 2022 |
Changing Patterns of Antihyperglycaemic Treatment among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Hungary between 2015 and 2020-Nationwide Data from a Register-Based Analysis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases | 2022 |
A Health Care Professional Delivered Low Carbohydrate Diet Program Reduces Body Weight, Haemoglobin A1c, Diabetes Medication Use and Cardiovascular Risk Markers-A Single-Arm Intervention Analysis.
Topics: Adult; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Car | 2022 |
The risk of major osteoporotic fractures with GLP-1 receptor agonists when compared to DPP-4 inhibitors: A Danish nationwide cohort study.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Denmark; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glucagon-Lik | 2022 |
Metformin alleviates HFD-induced oxidative stress in hepatocyte via activating SIRT6/PGC-1α/ENDOG signaling.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; Hepatocytes; Humans; Lipids; Metformin; Mice; Ob | 2022 |
Prescriber Uncertainty as Opportunity to Improve Care of Type 2 Diabetes with Chronic Kidney Disease: Mixed Methods Study.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Renal Insufficiency, Chron | 2023 |
Metformin use and the risks of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Herpes Zoster; Humans; Metformin; Neuralgia, Postherpetic | 2023 |
Effect of metformin on the long non-coding RNA expression levels in type 2 diabetes: an in vitro and clinical trial study.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; RNA, Long Noncoding | 2023 |
[Metformin and malignant neoplasms: a possible mechanism of antitumor action and prospects for use in practice].
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resis | 2022 |
Hypothesis: Metformin is a potential reproductive toxicant.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drinking Water; Female; Fertility; Humans; Male; Metformin; Rats | 2022 |
Trends in Metformin Use Among Patients With Prediabetes: 2008-2020.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Prediabetic State | 2023 |
Mode of treatments and achievement of treatment targets among type 2 diabetes patients with different comorbidities - a register-based retrospective cohort study in Finland.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Finland; Humans; | 2022 |
Imaging Memory T-Cells Stratifies Response to Adjuvant Metformin Combined with αPD-1 Therapy.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Memory T Cells; Metformin; Neoplasms; Tum | 2022 |
Pharmacodynamic Interactions between Puerarin and Metformin in Type-2 Diabetic Rats.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Isoflavones; Metformin; Rats | 2022 |
Exploration of Residual Confounding in Analyses of Associations of Metformin Use and Outcomes in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Insulin; Insulin, Regular, Human; Male; Medi | 2022 |
Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Metformin: AME-MET Study - A Multicentric Real-world Study in Italy.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; | 2023 |
Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Metformin: AME-MET Study - A Multicentric Real-world Study in Italy.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; | 2023 |
Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Metformin: AME-MET Study - A Multicentric Real-world Study in Italy.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; | 2023 |
Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Metformin: AME-MET Study - A Multicentric Real-world Study in Italy.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; | 2023 |
Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Metformin: AME-MET Study - A Multicentric Real-world Study in Italy.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; | 2023 |
Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Metformin: AME-MET Study - A Multicentric Real-world Study in Italy.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; | 2023 |
Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Metformin: AME-MET Study - A Multicentric Real-world Study in Italy.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; | 2023 |
Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Metformin: AME-MET Study - A Multicentric Real-world Study in Italy.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; | 2023 |
Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Metformin: AME-MET Study - A Multicentric Real-world Study in Italy.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; | 2023 |
Low-dose aspirin does not lower the risk of colorectal cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes taking metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aspirin; Cohort Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2023 |
Low-dose aspirin does not lower the risk of colorectal cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes taking metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aspirin; Cohort Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2023 |
Low-dose aspirin does not lower the risk of colorectal cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes taking metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aspirin; Cohort Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2023 |
Low-dose aspirin does not lower the risk of colorectal cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes taking metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aspirin; Cohort Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2023 |
Low-dose aspirin does not lower the risk of colorectal cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes taking metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aspirin; Cohort Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2023 |
Low-dose aspirin does not lower the risk of colorectal cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes taking metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aspirin; Cohort Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2023 |
Low-dose aspirin does not lower the risk of colorectal cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes taking metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aspirin; Cohort Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2023 |
Low-dose aspirin does not lower the risk of colorectal cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes taking metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aspirin; Cohort Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2023 |
Low-dose aspirin does not lower the risk of colorectal cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes taking metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aspirin; Cohort Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2023 |
Unusual Case of Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis in Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Male; Metformin; Renal Dialysis; Renal In | 2022 |
Unusual Case of Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis in Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Male; Metformin; Renal Dialysis; Renal In | 2022 |
Unusual Case of Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis in Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Male; Metformin; Renal Dialysis; Renal In | 2022 |
Unusual Case of Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis in Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Male; Metformin; Renal Dialysis; Renal In | 2022 |
Unusual Case of Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis in Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Male; Metformin; Renal Dialysis; Renal In | 2022 |
Unusual Case of Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis in Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Male; Metformin; Renal Dialysis; Renal In | 2022 |
Unusual Case of Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis in Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Male; Metformin; Renal Dialysis; Renal In | 2022 |
Unusual Case of Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis in Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Male; Metformin; Renal Dialysis; Renal In | 2022 |
Unusual Case of Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis in Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Male; Metformin; Renal Dialysis; Renal In | 2022 |
Metformin suppresses progression of muscle aging via activation of the AMP kinase-mediated pathways in Drosophila adults.
Topics: Adenylate Kinase; Aging; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drosophi | 2022 |
Metformin suppresses progression of muscle aging via activation of the AMP kinase-mediated pathways in Drosophila adults.
Topics: Adenylate Kinase; Aging; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drosophi | 2022 |
Metformin suppresses progression of muscle aging via activation of the AMP kinase-mediated pathways in Drosophila adults.
Topics: Adenylate Kinase; Aging; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drosophi | 2022 |
Metformin suppresses progression of muscle aging via activation of the AMP kinase-mediated pathways in Drosophila adults.
Topics: Adenylate Kinase; Aging; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drosophi | 2022 |
Metformin suppresses progression of muscle aging via activation of the AMP kinase-mediated pathways in Drosophila adults.
Topics: Adenylate Kinase; Aging; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drosophi | 2022 |
Metformin suppresses progression of muscle aging via activation of the AMP kinase-mediated pathways in Drosophila adults.
Topics: Adenylate Kinase; Aging; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drosophi | 2022 |
Metformin suppresses progression of muscle aging via activation of the AMP kinase-mediated pathways in Drosophila adults.
Topics: Adenylate Kinase; Aging; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drosophi | 2022 |
Metformin suppresses progression of muscle aging via activation of the AMP kinase-mediated pathways in Drosophila adults.
Topics: Adenylate Kinase; Aging; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drosophi | 2022 |
Metformin suppresses progression of muscle aging via activation of the AMP kinase-mediated pathways in Drosophila adults.
Topics: Adenylate Kinase; Aging; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drosophi | 2022 |
Diabetes medications and associations with Covid-19 outcomes in the N3C database: A national retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Child; Cohort Studies; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2022 |
Diabetes medications and associations with Covid-19 outcomes in the N3C database: A national retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Child; Cohort Studies; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2022 |
Diabetes medications and associations with Covid-19 outcomes in the N3C database: A national retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Child; Cohort Studies; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2022 |
Diabetes medications and associations with Covid-19 outcomes in the N3C database: A national retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Child; Cohort Studies; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2022 |
Diabetes medications and associations with Covid-19 outcomes in the N3C database: A national retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Child; Cohort Studies; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2022 |
Diabetes medications and associations with Covid-19 outcomes in the N3C database: A national retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Child; Cohort Studies; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2022 |
Diabetes medications and associations with Covid-19 outcomes in the N3C database: A national retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Child; Cohort Studies; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2022 |
Diabetes medications and associations with Covid-19 outcomes in the N3C database: A national retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Child; Cohort Studies; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2022 |
Diabetes medications and associations with Covid-19 outcomes in the N3C database: A national retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Child; Cohort Studies; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2022 |
The potential benefit of metformin to reduce delirium risk and mortality: a retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Delirium; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Retrospective Studies; | 2022 |
The potential benefit of metformin to reduce delirium risk and mortality: a retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Delirium; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Retrospective Studies; | 2022 |
The potential benefit of metformin to reduce delirium risk and mortality: a retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Delirium; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Retrospective Studies; | 2022 |
The potential benefit of metformin to reduce delirium risk and mortality: a retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Delirium; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Retrospective Studies; | 2022 |
The potential benefit of metformin to reduce delirium risk and mortality: a retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Delirium; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Retrospective Studies; | 2022 |
The potential benefit of metformin to reduce delirium risk and mortality: a retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Delirium; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Retrospective Studies; | 2022 |
The potential benefit of metformin to reduce delirium risk and mortality: a retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Delirium; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Retrospective Studies; | 2022 |
The potential benefit of metformin to reduce delirium risk and mortality: a retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Delirium; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Retrospective Studies; | 2022 |
The potential benefit of metformin to reduce delirium risk and mortality: a retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Delirium; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Retrospective Studies; | 2022 |
Impact of empagliflozin add-on therapy on quality of life in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus with hypertension: A prospective study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated H | 2022 |
Impact of empagliflozin add-on therapy on quality of life in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus with hypertension: A prospective study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated H | 2022 |
Impact of empagliflozin add-on therapy on quality of life in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus with hypertension: A prospective study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated H | 2022 |
Impact of empagliflozin add-on therapy on quality of life in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus with hypertension: A prospective study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated H | 2022 |
Impact of empagliflozin add-on therapy on quality of life in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus with hypertension: A prospective study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated H | 2022 |
Impact of empagliflozin add-on therapy on quality of life in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus with hypertension: A prospective study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated H | 2022 |
Impact of empagliflozin add-on therapy on quality of life in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus with hypertension: A prospective study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated H | 2022 |
Impact of empagliflozin add-on therapy on quality of life in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus with hypertension: A prospective study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated H | 2022 |
Impact of empagliflozin add-on therapy on quality of life in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus with hypertension: A prospective study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated H | 2022 |
The survival outcomes and prognostic factors of hepatocellular carcinoma among type 2 diabetes patients: a two-centre retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Antiviral Agents; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans | 2022 |
The survival outcomes and prognostic factors of hepatocellular carcinoma among type 2 diabetes patients: a two-centre retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Antiviral Agents; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans | 2022 |
The survival outcomes and prognostic factors of hepatocellular carcinoma among type 2 diabetes patients: a two-centre retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Antiviral Agents; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans | 2022 |
The survival outcomes and prognostic factors of hepatocellular carcinoma among type 2 diabetes patients: a two-centre retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Antiviral Agents; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans | 2022 |
The survival outcomes and prognostic factors of hepatocellular carcinoma among type 2 diabetes patients: a two-centre retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Antiviral Agents; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans | 2022 |
The survival outcomes and prognostic factors of hepatocellular carcinoma among type 2 diabetes patients: a two-centre retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Antiviral Agents; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans | 2022 |
The survival outcomes and prognostic factors of hepatocellular carcinoma among type 2 diabetes patients: a two-centre retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Antiviral Agents; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans | 2022 |
The survival outcomes and prognostic factors of hepatocellular carcinoma among type 2 diabetes patients: a two-centre retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Antiviral Agents; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans | 2022 |
The survival outcomes and prognostic factors of hepatocellular carcinoma among type 2 diabetes patients: a two-centre retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Antiviral Agents; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans | 2022 |
A positive feedback loop between AMPK and GDF15 promotes metformin antidiabetic effects.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Feedback, Physiological; Growth D | 2023 |
A positive feedback loop between AMPK and GDF15 promotes metformin antidiabetic effects.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Feedback, Physiological; Growth D | 2023 |
A positive feedback loop between AMPK and GDF15 promotes metformin antidiabetic effects.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Feedback, Physiological; Growth D | 2023 |
A positive feedback loop between AMPK and GDF15 promotes metformin antidiabetic effects.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Feedback, Physiological; Growth D | 2023 |
A positive feedback loop between AMPK and GDF15 promotes metformin antidiabetic effects.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Feedback, Physiological; Growth D | 2023 |
A positive feedback loop between AMPK and GDF15 promotes metformin antidiabetic effects.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Feedback, Physiological; Growth D | 2023 |
A positive feedback loop between AMPK and GDF15 promotes metformin antidiabetic effects.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Feedback, Physiological; Growth D | 2023 |
A positive feedback loop between AMPK and GDF15 promotes metformin antidiabetic effects.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Feedback, Physiological; Growth D | 2023 |
A positive feedback loop between AMPK and GDF15 promotes metformin antidiabetic effects.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Feedback, Physiological; Growth D | 2023 |
System Dynamic Model Simulates the Growth Trend of Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Population: Implications for Future Urban Public Health Governance.
Topics: Acarbose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2022 |
System Dynamic Model Simulates the Growth Trend of Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Population: Implications for Future Urban Public Health Governance.
Topics: Acarbose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2022 |
System Dynamic Model Simulates the Growth Trend of Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Population: Implications for Future Urban Public Health Governance.
Topics: Acarbose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2022 |
System Dynamic Model Simulates the Growth Trend of Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Population: Implications for Future Urban Public Health Governance.
Topics: Acarbose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2022 |
Metformin use and mortality and length of stay among hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes and COVID-19: A multiracial, multiethnic, urban observational study.
Topics: COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Length of | 2022 |
Metformin use and mortality and length of stay among hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes and COVID-19: A multiracial, multiethnic, urban observational study.
Topics: COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Length of | 2022 |
Metformin use and mortality and length of stay among hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes and COVID-19: A multiracial, multiethnic, urban observational study.
Topics: COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Length of | 2022 |
Metformin use and mortality and length of stay among hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes and COVID-19: A multiracial, multiethnic, urban observational study.
Topics: COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Length of | 2022 |
Occurrence of Major Local Lower Limb Events in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Lower Extremity Arterial Disease: Impact of Metformin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Lower Extremity; Metformin; Peripheral Arterial Disease; Prospect | 2023 |
Occurrence of Major Local Lower Limb Events in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Lower Extremity Arterial Disease: Impact of Metformin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Lower Extremity; Metformin; Peripheral Arterial Disease; Prospect | 2023 |
Occurrence of Major Local Lower Limb Events in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Lower Extremity Arterial Disease: Impact of Metformin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Lower Extremity; Metformin; Peripheral Arterial Disease; Prospect | 2023 |
Occurrence of Major Local Lower Limb Events in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Lower Extremity Arterial Disease: Impact of Metformin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Lower Extremity; Metformin; Peripheral Arterial Disease; Prospect | 2023 |
[In patients with type 2 diabetes on metformin, the addition of which antihyperglycemic class among a sulfonylurea (glimepiride), a DPP-4 inhibitor (sitagliptin), a GLP-1 agonist (liraglutide), or basal insulin (glargine) is the most effective to achieve
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2023 |
[In patients with type 2 diabetes on metformin, the addition of which antihyperglycemic class among a sulfonylurea (glimepiride), a DPP-4 inhibitor (sitagliptin), a GLP-1 agonist (liraglutide), or basal insulin (glargine) is the most effective to achieve
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2023 |
[In patients with type 2 diabetes on metformin, the addition of which antihyperglycemic class among a sulfonylurea (glimepiride), a DPP-4 inhibitor (sitagliptin), a GLP-1 agonist (liraglutide), or basal insulin (glargine) is the most effective to achieve
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2023 |
[In patients with type 2 diabetes on metformin, the addition of which antihyperglycemic class among a sulfonylurea (glimepiride), a DPP-4 inhibitor (sitagliptin), a GLP-1 agonist (liraglutide), or basal insulin (glargine) is the most effective to achieve
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2023 |
Diabetes, metformin use and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in postmenopausal women: A prospective cohort analysis in the Women's Health Initiative.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgki | 2023 |
Diabetes, metformin use and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in postmenopausal women: A prospective cohort analysis in the Women's Health Initiative.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgki | 2023 |
Diabetes, metformin use and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in postmenopausal women: A prospective cohort analysis in the Women's Health Initiative.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgki | 2023 |
Diabetes, metformin use and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in postmenopausal women: A prospective cohort analysis in the Women's Health Initiative.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgki | 2023 |
Metformin treatment and acute ischemic stroke outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Brain Ischemia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Metformin; Retrospective Studies | 2023 |
Metformin treatment and acute ischemic stroke outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Brain Ischemia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Metformin; Retrospective Studies | 2023 |
Metformin treatment and acute ischemic stroke outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Brain Ischemia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Metformin; Retrospective Studies | 2023 |
Metformin treatment and acute ischemic stroke outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Brain Ischemia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Metformin; Retrospective Studies | 2023 |
Addition of metformin to non-small-cell lung cancer patients with or without diabetes.
Topics: Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lung Neoplas | 2023 |
Addition of metformin to non-small-cell lung cancer patients with or without diabetes.
Topics: Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lung Neoplas | 2023 |
Addition of metformin to non-small-cell lung cancer patients with or without diabetes.
Topics: Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lung Neoplas | 2023 |
Addition of metformin to non-small-cell lung cancer patients with or without diabetes.
Topics: Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lung Neoplas | 2023 |
Development of extended-release metformin core tablet and synergistic coating of sitagliptin for the treatment of type-II diabetes mellitus - A comparative drug release evaluation with reference product.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Liberation; Humans; Metformin; Polymers; Sitagliptin Phosphate; Tabl | 2022 |
Development of extended-release metformin core tablet and synergistic coating of sitagliptin for the treatment of type-II diabetes mellitus - A comparative drug release evaluation with reference product.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Liberation; Humans; Metformin; Polymers; Sitagliptin Phosphate; Tabl | 2022 |
Development of extended-release metformin core tablet and synergistic coating of sitagliptin for the treatment of type-II diabetes mellitus - A comparative drug release evaluation with reference product.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Liberation; Humans; Metformin; Polymers; Sitagliptin Phosphate; Tabl | 2022 |
Development of extended-release metformin core tablet and synergistic coating of sitagliptin for the treatment of type-II diabetes mellitus - A comparative drug release evaluation with reference product.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Liberation; Humans; Metformin; Polymers; Sitagliptin Phosphate; Tabl | 2022 |
Post-pancreatitis diabetes mellitus is common in chronic pancreatitis and is associated with adverse outcomes.
Topics: Acute Disease; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Insulins; Male; Metformin; | 2023 |
Post-pancreatitis diabetes mellitus is common in chronic pancreatitis and is associated with adverse outcomes.
Topics: Acute Disease; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Insulins; Male; Metformin; | 2023 |
Post-pancreatitis diabetes mellitus is common in chronic pancreatitis and is associated with adverse outcomes.
Topics: Acute Disease; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Insulins; Male; Metformin; | 2023 |
Post-pancreatitis diabetes mellitus is common in chronic pancreatitis and is associated with adverse outcomes.
Topics: Acute Disease; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Insulins; Male; Metformin; | 2023 |
[Cross-Sectional Study on Adverse Effects of Metformin Hydrochloride on 130 Patients Type 2 Diabetic Admitted to Medical Center and Diabetes Home of Sidi Bel-Abbès].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug-Related Side Effec | 2023 |
[Cross-Sectional Study on Adverse Effects of Metformin Hydrochloride on 130 Patients Type 2 Diabetic Admitted to Medical Center and Diabetes Home of Sidi Bel-Abbès].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug-Related Side Effec | 2023 |
[Cross-Sectional Study on Adverse Effects of Metformin Hydrochloride on 130 Patients Type 2 Diabetic Admitted to Medical Center and Diabetes Home of Sidi Bel-Abbès].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug-Related Side Effec | 2023 |
[Cross-Sectional Study on Adverse Effects of Metformin Hydrochloride on 130 Patients Type 2 Diabetic Admitted to Medical Center and Diabetes Home of Sidi Bel-Abbès].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug-Related Side Effec | 2023 |
MicroRNAs Associated With Incident Diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; MicroRNAs; Prediabetic State; Risk Factors | 2023 |
MicroRNAs Associated With Incident Diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; MicroRNAs; Prediabetic State; Risk Factors | 2023 |
MicroRNAs Associated With Incident Diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; MicroRNAs; Prediabetic State; Risk Factors | 2023 |
MicroRNAs Associated With Incident Diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; MicroRNAs; Prediabetic State; Risk Factors | 2023 |
Increased Advanced Glycation Endproducts, Stiffness, and Hardness in Iliac Crest Bone From Postmenopausal Women With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Insulin.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fractures, Bone; Glucose; Glucose Intoleranc | 2023 |
Increased Advanced Glycation Endproducts, Stiffness, and Hardness in Iliac Crest Bone From Postmenopausal Women With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Insulin.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fractures, Bone; Glucose; Glucose Intoleranc | 2023 |
Increased Advanced Glycation Endproducts, Stiffness, and Hardness in Iliac Crest Bone From Postmenopausal Women With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Insulin.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fractures, Bone; Glucose; Glucose Intoleranc | 2023 |
Increased Advanced Glycation Endproducts, Stiffness, and Hardness in Iliac Crest Bone From Postmenopausal Women With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Insulin.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fractures, Bone; Glucose; Glucose Intoleranc | 2023 |
Comparison of Mitochondrial Adenosine Triphosphate-Sensitive Potassium Channel High- vs Low-Affinity Sulfonylureas and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Metformin.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2022 |
Comparison of Mitochondrial Adenosine Triphosphate-Sensitive Potassium Channel High- vs Low-Affinity Sulfonylureas and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Metformin.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2022 |
Comparison of Mitochondrial Adenosine Triphosphate-Sensitive Potassium Channel High- vs Low-Affinity Sulfonylureas and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Metformin.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2022 |
Comparison of Mitochondrial Adenosine Triphosphate-Sensitive Potassium Channel High- vs Low-Affinity Sulfonylureas and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Metformin.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2022 |
Enalapril increases the urinary excretion of metformin in rats by inducing multidrug and toxin excretion protein 1 in the kidney.
Topics: Animals; Antiporters; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enalapril; Kidney; Metformin; Organic Cation Transp | 2022 |
Enalapril increases the urinary excretion of metformin in rats by inducing multidrug and toxin excretion protein 1 in the kidney.
Topics: Animals; Antiporters; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enalapril; Kidney; Metformin; Organic Cation Transp | 2022 |
Enalapril increases the urinary excretion of metformin in rats by inducing multidrug and toxin excretion protein 1 in the kidney.
Topics: Animals; Antiporters; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enalapril; Kidney; Metformin; Organic Cation Transp | 2022 |
Enalapril increases the urinary excretion of metformin in rats by inducing multidrug and toxin excretion protein 1 in the kidney.
Topics: Animals; Antiporters; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enalapril; Kidney; Metformin; Organic Cation Transp | 2022 |
Causal inference in medical records and complementary systems pharmacology for metformin drug repurposing towards dementia.
Topics: Dementia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Repositioning; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Medical Record | 2022 |
Causal inference in medical records and complementary systems pharmacology for metformin drug repurposing towards dementia.
Topics: Dementia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Repositioning; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Medical Record | 2022 |
Causal inference in medical records and complementary systems pharmacology for metformin drug repurposing towards dementia.
Topics: Dementia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Repositioning; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Medical Record | 2022 |
Causal inference in medical records and complementary systems pharmacology for metformin drug repurposing towards dementia.
Topics: Dementia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Repositioning; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Medical Record | 2022 |
Combined Administration of Pravastatin and Metformin Attenuates Acute Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury in Mouse and Minipig Models.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Intestinal Diseases; Intestines; Metformin; Mice; Pravastatin; R | 2022 |
Combined Administration of Pravastatin and Metformin Attenuates Acute Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury in Mouse and Minipig Models.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Intestinal Diseases; Intestines; Metformin; Mice; Pravastatin; R | 2022 |
Combined Administration of Pravastatin and Metformin Attenuates Acute Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury in Mouse and Minipig Models.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Intestinal Diseases; Intestines; Metformin; Mice; Pravastatin; R | 2022 |
Combined Administration of Pravastatin and Metformin Attenuates Acute Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury in Mouse and Minipig Models.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Intestinal Diseases; Intestines; Metformin; Mice; Pravastatin; R | 2022 |
Snapshot into the Type-2-Diabetes-Associated Microbiome of a Romanian Cohort.
Topics: Bacteroidetes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Metformin; Microbiota | 2022 |
Snapshot into the Type-2-Diabetes-Associated Microbiome of a Romanian Cohort.
Topics: Bacteroidetes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Metformin; Microbiota | 2022 |
Snapshot into the Type-2-Diabetes-Associated Microbiome of a Romanian Cohort.
Topics: Bacteroidetes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Metformin; Microbiota | 2022 |
Snapshot into the Type-2-Diabetes-Associated Microbiome of a Romanian Cohort.
Topics: Bacteroidetes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Metformin; Microbiota | 2022 |
Ameliorative Effects of a Rhenium (V) Compound with Uracil-Derived Ligand Markers Associated with Hyperglycaemia-Induced Renal Dysfunction in Diet-Induced Prediabetic Rats.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Hyperglycemia; Kidney; Kidney | 2022 |
Ameliorative Effects of a Rhenium (V) Compound with Uracil-Derived Ligand Markers Associated with Hyperglycaemia-Induced Renal Dysfunction in Diet-Induced Prediabetic Rats.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Hyperglycemia; Kidney; Kidney | 2022 |
Ameliorative Effects of a Rhenium (V) Compound with Uracil-Derived Ligand Markers Associated with Hyperglycaemia-Induced Renal Dysfunction in Diet-Induced Prediabetic Rats.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Hyperglycemia; Kidney; Kidney | 2022 |
Ameliorative Effects of a Rhenium (V) Compound with Uracil-Derived Ligand Markers Associated with Hyperglycaemia-Induced Renal Dysfunction in Diet-Induced Prediabetic Rats.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Hyperglycemia; Kidney; Kidney | 2022 |
Influence of antidiabetic drugs on glucose metabolism and immune response in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma receiving gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel as first-line treatment.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Albumins; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Duct | 2023 |
Influence of antidiabetic drugs on glucose metabolism and immune response in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma receiving gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel as first-line treatment.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Albumins; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Duct | 2023 |
Influence of antidiabetic drugs on glucose metabolism and immune response in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma receiving gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel as first-line treatment.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Albumins; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Duct | 2023 |
Influence of antidiabetic drugs on glucose metabolism and immune response in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma receiving gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel as first-line treatment.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Albumins; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Duct | 2023 |
Use of metformin in patients who require intravascular administration of a contrast agent.
Topics: Contrast Media; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; | 2022 |
Use of metformin in patients who require intravascular administration of a contrast agent.
Topics: Contrast Media; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; | 2022 |
Use of metformin in patients who require intravascular administration of a contrast agent.
Topics: Contrast Media; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; | 2022 |
Use of metformin in patients who require intravascular administration of a contrast agent.
Topics: Contrast Media; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; | 2022 |
Metformin alone and in combination with sitagliptin induces depression and impairs quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: An observational study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Thera | 2023 |
Metformin alone and in combination with sitagliptin induces depression and impairs quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: An observational study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Thera | 2023 |
Metformin alone and in combination with sitagliptin induces depression and impairs quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: An observational study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Thera | 2023 |
Metformin alone and in combination with sitagliptin induces depression and impairs quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: An observational study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Thera | 2023 |
Effects of metformin and simvastatin treatment on ultrastructural features of liver macrophages in HFD mice.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; Liver; Macrophages; Metformin; Mice; Mice, Inbre | 2023 |
Effects of metformin and simvastatin treatment on ultrastructural features of liver macrophages in HFD mice.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; Liver; Macrophages; Metformin; Mice; Mice, Inbre | 2023 |
Effects of metformin and simvastatin treatment on ultrastructural features of liver macrophages in HFD mice.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; Liver; Macrophages; Metformin; Mice; Mice, Inbre | 2023 |
Effects of metformin and simvastatin treatment on ultrastructural features of liver macrophages in HFD mice.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; Liver; Macrophages; Metformin; Mice; Mice, Inbre | 2023 |
Identification of Genetic Variation Influencing Metformin Response in a Multiancestry Genome-Wide Association Study in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP).
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Genetic Variation; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Metformin; Poly | 2023 |
Identification of Genetic Variation Influencing Metformin Response in a Multiancestry Genome-Wide Association Study in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP).
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Genetic Variation; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Metformin; Poly | 2023 |
Identification of Genetic Variation Influencing Metformin Response in a Multiancestry Genome-Wide Association Study in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP).
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Genetic Variation; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Metformin; Poly | 2023 |
Identification of Genetic Variation Influencing Metformin Response in a Multiancestry Genome-Wide Association Study in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP).
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Genetic Variation; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Metformin; Poly | 2023 |
Implications of genetic variations, differential gene expression, and allele-specific expression on metformin response in drug-naïve type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Alleles; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gene Expression; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Polymor | 2023 |
Implications of genetic variations, differential gene expression, and allele-specific expression on metformin response in drug-naïve type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Alleles; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gene Expression; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Polymor | 2023 |
Implications of genetic variations, differential gene expression, and allele-specific expression on metformin response in drug-naïve type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Alleles; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gene Expression; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Polymor | 2023 |
Implications of genetic variations, differential gene expression, and allele-specific expression on metformin response in drug-naïve type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Alleles; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gene Expression; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Polymor | 2023 |
Correlation between long-term use of metformin and incidence of NAFLD among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A real-world cohort study.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Incidence; Metformin; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver D | 2022 |
Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients Initiating First-Line Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes With Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors Versus Metformin.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; | 2022 |
Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients Initiating First-Line Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes With Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors Versus Metformin.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; | 2022 |
Metformin use and associated risk of total joint replacement in patients with type 2 diabetes: a population-based matched cohort study.
Topics: Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2022 |
Using the IMEDS distributed database for epidemiological studies in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Male; Metformi | 2022 |
New use for an old drug: Metformin and atrial fibrillation.
Topics: Atrial Fibrillation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin | 2022 |
Effects of Metformin, Insulin on Hematological Parameters of COVID-19 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Insulin; Metformin; Retrospective Studies; SARS-CoV-2 | 2022 |
Prognostic Relevance of Type 2 Diabetes and Metformin Treatment in Head and Neck Melanoma: Results from a Population-Based Cohort Study.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Melanoma; Metformin; Neo | 2022 |
Metformin regulates the effects of IR and IGF-1R methylation on mast cell activation and airway reactivity in diabetic rats with asthma through miR-152-3p/DNMT1 axis.
Topics: Animals; Asthma; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Mast Cells; Metformin; | 2023 |
Association of Metformin With the Development of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.
Topics: Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Macular Degeneration; Mal | 2023 |
Emotional distress, self-management, and glycemic control among participants enrolled in the glycemia reduction approaches in diabetes: A comparative effectiveness (GRADE) study.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; G | 2023 |
Ranolazine Attenuates Brain Inflammation in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; Encephalitis; Metformin; Noncommunicable Disease | 2022 |
Gene Expression Profiling of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Type 2 Diabetes: An Exploratory Study.
Topics: Adult; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gene Expression P | 2022 |
Clinical pharmacology of antidiabetic drugs: What can be expected of their use?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glucose; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypog | 2023 |
Metformin Use Is Associated With Lower Mortality in Veterans With Diabetes Hospitalized With Pneumonia.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pneumonia; Retrospective Studies; | 2023 |
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fruit; Hypoglyce | 2023 |
Metformin Hydrochloride Mucosal Nanoparticles-Based Enteric Capsule for Prolonged Intestinal Residence Time, Improved Bioavailability, and Hypoglycemic Effect.
Topics: Animals; Biological Availability; Chitosan; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dogs; Hypoglycemic Agents; In | 2022 |
Identification of polypharmacy patterns in new-users of metformin using the Apriori algorithm: A novel framework for investigating concomitant drug utilization through association rule mining.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cohort Studies; Data Mining; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Drug U | 2023 |
Influence of metformin intake on serum vitamin B12 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Middle A | 2022 |
Intervention effect of Potentilla discolor-Euonymus alatus on intestinal flora of type 2 diabetes mellitus rats.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Euonymus; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Metformin; Potentilla; Ra | 2022 |
In type 2 diabetes, glargine and liraglutide each improved glycemic outcomes at 5 y vs. glimepiride or sitagliptin.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; In | 2023 |
Cardiovascular and renal outcomes among patients with type 2 diabetes using SGLT2 inhibitors added to metformin: a population-based cohort study from the UK.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Metformin; Middle Aged; Myocardi | 2023 |
Metformin and Cervical Cancer Risk in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Study in Korea.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Middle Aged; Republic of | 2022 |
Predictors of Metformin Failure: Repurposing Electronic Health Record Data to Identify High-Risk Patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Repositioning; Electronic Health Records; Glycated Hemo | 2023 |
[Hypoglycemic effect of electroacupuncture at "Tianshu" (ST 25) combined with metformin on rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus based on AMPK].
Topics: Acupuncture Points; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2023 |
Rural Residence Is Associated With a Delayed Trend Away From Sulfonylurea Use for Treatment Intensification of Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Male; Metformin; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studie | 2023 |
Metformin-associated severe lactic acidosis combined with multi-organ insufficiency induced by infection with Aeromonas veronii: A case report.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aeromonas veronii; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2023 |
Metformin enhances anti-cancer properties of resveratrol in MCF-7 breast cancer cells via induction of apoptosis, autophagy and alteration in cell cycle distribution.
Topics: Autophagy; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Cycle; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cisplatin; Diabetes M | 2023 |
In Vivo Evaluation of Nanoemulsion Formulations for Metformin and Repaglinide Alone and Combination.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypoglycemic Age | 2023 |
Effects of hypoglycaemic therapy on frailty: a multi-dimensional perspective.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Frail Elderly; Frailty; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metfo | 2023 |
Initiation of insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: An observational study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformin; Sulfonylurea Compounds | 2022 |
Targeted Delivery of Metformin Against Lung Cancer Cells Via Hyaluronan-Modified Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Doxorubicin; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Lung Neoplas | 2023 |
Real world evidence of clinical predictors of glycaemic response to glucose-lowering drugs among Chinese with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; East Asian People; Glucose; Humans; H | 2023 |
Metformin acts in the gut and induces gut-liver crosstalk.
Topics: Animals; Caco-2 Cells; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Tract; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2023 |
Metformin Adherence Reduces the Risk of Dementia in Patients With Diabetes: A Population-based Cohort Study.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Dementia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulins; | 2023 |
[News in diabetology: what's new in 2022].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; | 2023 |
Glucose-Responsive Microparticle-Loaded Dissolving Microneedles for Selective Delivery of Metformin: A Proof-of-Concept Study.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Delivery Systems; Gelatin; Gluca | 2023 |
Clarification of Key Points in a Study Evaluating the Association of Metformin and Mortality in Patients With Sepsis and Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Patients; Sepsis | 2023 |
Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) and prevention of types 1 and 2 diabetes: Results of two observational studies.
Topics: Adult; BCG Vaccine; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated He | 2023 |
New Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using a Novel Bipyrazole Compound.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2023 |
Metabolic modelling of the human gut microbiome in type 2 diabetes patients in response to metformin treatment.
Topics: Bacteria; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2023 |
Association of metformin use and survival in patients with cutaneous melanoma and diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Melanoma; Melanoma, C | 2023 |
Patients with melanoma and diabetes benefit from metformin treatment.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Melanoma; Metformin | 2023 |
The antidiabetic drug metformin aids bacteria in hijacking vitamin B12 from the environment through RcdA.
Topics: Animals; Caenorhabditis elegans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Escherichia coli; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2023 |
Identification of reversible and druggable pathways to improve beta-cell function and survival in Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Metformin; Signal Transdu | 2023 |
Sulphonylureas versus metformin and the risk of ventricular arrhythmias among people with type 2 diabetes: A population-based cohort study.
Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metfor | 2023 |
Metformin mitigates amyloid β
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Cognitive Dysfunction; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2023 |
Association of metformin exposure with low risks of frailty and adverse outcomes in patients with diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Frail Elderly; Frailty; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metform | 2023 |
Metformin, cancer, COVID-19, and longevity.
Topics: COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Longevity; Metformin; Neoplasms | 2023 |
Simultaneous, dual continuous veno-venous haemofiltration for refractory metformin-induced lactic acidosis: a case report.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2023 |
Substituent effects of sulfonamide derivatives of metformin that can dually improve cellular glucose utilization and anti-coagulation.
Topics: Benzenesulfonamides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelial Cells; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2023 |
Preliminary Study of the Distinctive Mechanism of Shenqi Compound in Treating Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Comparing with Metformin.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Metformin; | 2023 |
Insights from yeast: Transcriptional reprogramming following metformin treatment is similar to that of deferiprone in a yeast Friedreich's ataxia model.
Topics: Deferiprone; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Friedreich Ataxia; Humans; Iron; Metformin; Saccharomyces ce | 2023 |
[A case of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection with type 2 diabetes mellitus indicating the usefulness of metformin hydrochloride].
Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clostridioides difficile; Clostridium Infections; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2023 |
Investigating the effects of Ceylon cinnamon water extract on HepG2 cells for Type 2 diabetes therapy.
Topics: Cinnamomum zeylanicum; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Hep G2 Cells; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2023 |
Phosphoproteomic analysis of metformin signaling in colorectal cancer cells elucidates mechanism of action and potential therapeutic opportunities.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Signal Tr | 2023 |
The association study between changes in HbA1C with rs2250486 and rs67238751 genetic variants for SLC47A1 in newly diagnosed Iranian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: 6 months follow-up study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Follow-Up Studies; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Iran | 2023 |
Collocation of metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor is associated with increased risk of diabetes-related vascular dementia: A single hospital study in Northern Taiwan.
Topics: Aged; Dementia, Vascular; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Hospitals; | 2023 |
Metformin and Dapagliflozin Attenuate Doxorubicin-Induced Acute Cardiotoxicity in Wistar Rats: An Electrocardiographic, Biochemical, and Histopathological Approach.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Cardiotoxicity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Doxorubicin; Electrocardiography; | 2023 |
Clinical effectiveness of second-line antihyperglycemic drugs on major adverse cardiovascular events: An emulation of a target trial.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Humans; Hypo | 2023 |
Association of Hepcidin levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus treated with metformin or combined anti-diabetic agents in Pakistani population.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hepcidins; Humans; Hyp | 2023 |
Idealistic, realistic, and unrealistic expectations of pharmacological treatment in persons with type 2 diabetes in primary care.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glyburide; Humans; Insulin; Metformin; Motivatio | 2023 |
Analytical Method Capable of Quantifying Eight Nitrosamine Impurities from Five Different Commercially Available Metformin Formulations with Glipizide, Glibenclamide, Gliclazide, Evogliptin, and Glimepiride by Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gliclazide; | 2023 |
Metformin-containing hydrogel scaffold to augment CAR-T therapy against post-surgical solid tumors.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hydrogels; Immunotherapy, Adoptive; Metformin; Neoplasms; Recepto | 2023 |
Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Is a Potential Biomarker for Treatment Choice Between Metformin and Acarbose.
Topics: Acarbose; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA Copy Number Variations; DNA, Mit | 2023 |
The Effect of Metformin on Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Stroke.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ischemic Stroke; Metformin; Prospective Stud | 2023 |
[Use of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes and acute myocardial infarction: safety and impact on glycemic control].
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycemic Control; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lacti | 2023 |
Gut microbiota in patients with COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes: A culture-based method.
Topics: Bifidobacterium; COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enterococcus; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Hum | 2023 |
Pharmacogenetic impact of SLC22A1 gene variant rs628031 (G/A) in newly diagnosed Indian type 2 diabetes patients undergoing metformin monotherapy.
Topics: Alleles; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Genotype; Humans; Metformin; Organic Cation Transporter 1; Pharm | 2023 |
The modifier effect of physical activity, body mass index, and age on the association of metformin and chronic back pain: A cross-sectional analysis of 21,899 participants from the UK Biobank.
Topics: Back Pain; Biological Specimen Banks; Body Mass Index; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2023 |
Assessment of empagliflozin add-on therapy to metformin and glimepiride in patients with inadequately controlled type-2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Follow-Up Studies; Glycated | 2022 |
The role of mosapride and levosulpiride in gut function and glycemic control in diabetic rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastroparesis; G | 2023 |
Metformin, Empagliflozin, and Their Combination Modulate Ex-Vivo Macrophage Inflammatory Gene Expression.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gene Expression; Hyper | 2023 |
Metformin regulates chondrocyte senescence and proliferation through microRNA-34a/SIRT1 pathway in osteoarthritis.
Topics: Aggrecans; Cell Proliferation; Chondrocytes; Collagen Type II; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; In | 2023 |
Metformin Monotherapy Alters the Human Plasma Lipidome Independent of Clinical Markers of Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in a Type 2 Diabetes Clinical Cohort.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycemic Control; Hum | 2023 |
Differential Effects of Metformin on Immune-Mediated and Androgen-Mediated Non-Cancer Skin Diseases in Diabetes Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgens; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Humans; Metformin; Re | 2023 |
Metformin treatment and risk of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Beijing, China.
Topics: Beijing; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Neuropathies; Humans; Metformin; Middle Aged; Vitamin B | 2023 |
Significant impact of time-of-day variation on metformin pharmacokinetics.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Kidney; Liver; Metformin; Organic Cation Tra | 2023 |
Association between antidiabetic drugs and the incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with type 2 diabetes: A nationwide cohort study in South Korea.
Topics: Aged; Atrial Fibrillation; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2023 |
Severe lactic acidosis with euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis due to metformin overdose.
Topics: Acidosis; Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Female; Humans; Ketone | 2023 |
Metformin Reduces the Risk of Hearing Loss: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Topics: Deafness; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hearing; Hearing Loss; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; | 2023 |
Development of Osteoarthritis in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Metformin vs a Sulfonylurea.
Topics: Adult; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metform | 2023 |
Evaluating the Effect of Hypoglycemic Agents on Diabetic Retinopathy Progression.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glucagon-Like P | 2023 |
Impact of Vitamin D3 on Carbonyl-Oxidative Stress and Matrix Metalloproteinases after Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Advanced Oxidation Protein Products; Animals; Biomarkers; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Cholecalciferol; Diab | 2023 |
Comparison of the Impact of SGLT2-Inhibitors and Exenatide on Body Fat Composition.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Recep | 2023 |
Prescription appropriateness of anti-diabetes drugs in elderly patients hospitalized in a clinical setting: evidence from the REPOSI Register.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Prescriptions; Hospitalization; Human | 2023 |
Initiation of glucose-lowering drugs reduces the anticoagulant effect of warfarin-But not through altered drug metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Anticoagulants; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; International Normalized | 2023 |
Risk analysis of metformin use in prostate cancer: a national population-based study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Prostatic Neoplasms; Retros | 2023 |
Metformin Attenuates the Inflammatory Response via the Regulation of Synovial M1 Macrophage in Osteoarthritis.
Topics: Animals; Chondrocytes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Macrophages; Metformin; Mice; Osteoarthritis; Phos | 2023 |
The Emerging Importance of Cirsimaritin in Type 2 Diabetes Treatment.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; | 2023 |
A Novel Drug Delivery System: Hyodeoxycholic Acid-Modified Metformin Liposomes for Type 2 Diabetes Treatment.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Delivery Sy | 2023 |
An electrochemical sensor based on synergistic enhancement effects between nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes and copper ions for ultrasensitive determination of anti-diabetic metformin.
Topics: Copper; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Electrochemical Techniques; Humans; Ions; Metformin; Nanotubes, C | 2023 |
Prescription Pattern of Glucose-lowering Drugs in Patients with Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Attending Dhaka Medical College Hospital.
Topics: Bangladesh; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; | 2023 |
Swiss recommendations of the Society for Endocrinology and Diabetes (SGED/SSED) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (2023).
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; M | 2023 |
Variation in metformin pharmacokinetics.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2023 |
Efficacy and safety of once-weekly efpeglenatide in people with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes: The AMPLITUDE-D, AMPLITUDE-L and AMPLITUDE-S randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glucagon-Like Peptid | 2023 |
The safe use of metformin in heart failure patients both with and without T2DM: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lact | 2023 |
Hypertriglyceridemia in equines with refractory hyperinsulinemia treated with SGLT2 inhibitors.
Topics: Animals; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Glucosides; Horse Diseases; Horses; Hype | 2023 |
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Metformin | 2023 |
COMPARATIVE EFFECT OF INSULIN, GLIMEPIRIDE, AND METFORMIN ON INFLAMMATORY MARKERS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Insulin; Metformin | 2023 |
Is Metformin effective in Breast Cancer (BC) patients without Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)?
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2023 |
Metformin vs. Lifestyle Changes for Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; Metformin | 2023 |
Liraglutide Is Probably the Best Second Drug to Prevent Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Take Metformin.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans | 2023 |
Metformin promotes bacterial surface aggregation by inhibiting the swimming motility of flagellated Escherichia coli.
Topics: Bacteria; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ecosystem; Escherichia coli; Flagella; Humans; Metformin; Swimm | 2023 |
Combined metabolomics and gut microbiome to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Yuquan Pill on type 2 diabetes in rats.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metabolomics; | 2023 |
Metformin triggers a kidney GDF15-dependent area postrema axis to regulate food intake and body weight.
Topics: Animals; Area Postrema; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Eating; Growth Differentiation Facto | 2023 |
The Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma neo-japonicum (Agaricomycetes) Polysaccharide Extract Prevents Obesity-Induced Diabetes in C57BL/6J Mice.
Topics: Agaricales; Animals; Basidiomycota; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; Insuli | 2023 |
The impact of metformin on survival in diabetes patients with operable colorectal cancer: A nationwide retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liver Neoplasms; Metfo | 2023 |
Determinants of vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus - A primary-care retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Folic Acid; Humans; Hyp | 2023 |
[Comparison of therapeutic effect of metformin hydrochloride/vildagliptin and liraglutide on type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese patients].
Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; | 2023 |
Assessment of cognitive impairment and depressive signs in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin from Southeast Mexico: A cross-sectional study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antidepressive Agents; Cognitive Dysfunction; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitu | 2023 |
Diabetes mellitus: relation between cardiovascular events and pharmacological treatment.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans | 2023 |
Pioglitazone use increases risk of Alzheimer's disease in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving insulin.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformin; Piogl | 2023 |
Prescription patterns and therapeutic effects of second-line drugs in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Analysis of claims data for metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors as the first-line hypoglycemic agents.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; East Asian People; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2023 |
Association of poor sleep and HbA1c in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes: Findings from the UK Biobank cohort study.
Topics: Biological Specimen Banks; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; H | 2023 |
Investigation of treatment satisfaction and health-related quality of life after add-on to metformin-based therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Patient | 2023 |
Circulating levels of endothelial progenitor cells are associated with better cognitive function in older adults with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist-treated type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Antigens, CD34; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelial Progenitor Cells; Glucagon-Like Pe | 2023 |
The ameliorative effect of zinc acetate with caffeic acid in the animal model of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hy | 2023 |
Effect of SGLT-2 inhibitors as an add-on therapy to metformin on P wave indices and atrial electromechanics in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Topics: Atrial Fibrillation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Atria; Humans; Metformin; Prospective Studies; | 2023 |
Sulfonylureas as second line therapy for type 2 diabetes among veterans: Results from a National Longitudinal Cohort Study.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Longitud | 2023 |
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Efficacy Outcomes from Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Patients with Cancer.
Topics: Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Humans; Immune Check | 2023 |
Comparison of long-term effects of metformin on longevity between people with type 2 diabetes and matched non-diabetic controls.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Longevity; Metformi | 2023 |
Study design and baseline profile for adults with type 2 diabetes in the once-weekly subcutaneous SEmaglutide randomized PRAgmatic (SEPRA) trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ma | 2023 |
Glp-1 Receptor Agonists Regulate the Progression of Diabetes Mellitus Complicated with Fatty Liver by Down-regulating the Expression of Genes Related to Lipid Metabolism.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Liver; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Humans; Hyp | 2023 |
Metformin use before COVID-19 vaccination and the risks of COVID-19 incidence, medical utilization, and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Metformin; Retrospectiv | 2023 |
A Microstirring Oral Pill for Improving the Glucose-Lowering Effect of Metformin.
Topics: Animals; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2023 |
Analysis of Antidiabetic Activity of Squalene via In Silico and In Vivo Assay.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypoglycemic Agents; Leptin; Metfor | 2023 |
Metformin attenuates white matter injury and cognitive impairment induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Carotid Stenosis; Cognitive Dysfunction; Dementia, Vascular; Diabetes Melli | 2023 |
The F/B ratio as a biomarker for inflammation in COVID-19 and T2D: Impact of metformin.
Topics: Bacteroidetes; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Firmicutes; Huma | 2023 |
[Cost-effectiveness of treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in México].
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glyburide; Humans; Hypogl | 2023 |
Description of a French Population of Diabetics Treated Followed up by General Practitioners.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Prescriptions; France; General Practitioners; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2023 |
Clinical characteristics and management of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in a real-world setting: analysis of the Ipsos NASH therapy monitor database.
Topics: Cholesterol; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA R | 2023 |
A methodology to assess the population size and estimate the needed resources for new licensed medications by combining clinical and administrative databases: The example of glycated haemoglobin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Population D | 2023 |
Evaluation of the effects of metformin on antioxidant biomarkers and mineral levels in patients with type II diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study.
Topics: Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Biomarkers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; | 2023 |
Synergistic Effect of Metformin and Lansoprazole Against Gastric Cancer through Growth Inhibition.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Lansoprazole; Metformin; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Stomach | 2023 |
Identification of Probucol as a candidate for combination therapy with Metformin for Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gene Expression Profiling; Metformin; Oxidative Stress; Probucol | 2023 |
Associations between the Use of Metformin and Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Patients with Alzheimer´s Disease, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - A Register-based Study.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2023 |
Stratification of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Based on Metformin Use: a Population-Based Cohort Study in South Korea.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Incidence; Lung Diseases; Metformin; Mycobacteriu | 2023 |
Blood lactate levels are associated with an increased risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes: a real-world study.
Topics: Asian People; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Lactic Acid; Metformin; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver D | 2023 |
Does Metformin in Different Doses Cause Vitamin B12 Deficiency? A cross-Sectional Study.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 De | 2023 |
Evaluating Metformin Strategies for Cancer Prevention: A Target Trial Emulation Using Electronic Health Records.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Electronic Health Records; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2023 |
Association of Metformin With the Development of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Macular Degeneration; Metformin | 2023 |
Association of Metformin With the Development of Age-related Macular Degeneration in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study-Reply.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Macular Degeneration; Metformin | 2023 |
Metformin Resistance Is Associated with Expression of Inflammatory and Invasive Genes in A549 Lung Cancer Cells.
Topics: A549 Cells; Cell Proliferation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Metformin | 2023 |
Leptin and the rs2167270 Polymorphism Are Associated with Glycemic Control in Type Two Diabetes Mellitus Patients on Metformin Therapy.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Glycem | 2023 |
Akkermansia muciniphila, which is enriched in the gut microbiota by metformin, improves cognitive function in aged mice by reducing the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6.
Topics: Animals; Cognition; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Interleukin-6 | 2023 |
Anti-Diabetic Drugs Inhibit Bulimia Induced Obesity.
Topics: Animals; Bulimia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; M | 2023 |
Do DPP-4 enzyme inhibitors affect hemoglobin, leucocyte and thrombocyte levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Topics: Adult; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Blood Platelets; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipepti | 2023 |
[Chinese expert consensus on metformin in clinical practice: 2023 update].
Topics: China; Consensus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Sodium-Glucose | 2023 |
Prescribing trends of glucose-lowering drugs in older adults from 2010 to 2021: A population-based study of Northern Italy.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glucag | 2023 |
Environmental Concentrations of the Type 2 Diabetes Medication Metformin and Its Transformation Product Guanylurea in Surface Water and Sediment in Ontario and Quebec, Canada.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Ontario; Quebec; Water; Water Po | 2023 |
Role of serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 in the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucocorticoids; Gluconeogenesi | 2023 |
Overtreatment and associated risk factors among multimorbid older patients with diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Multimorbidit | 2023 |
Covid-19: Metformin reduces the risk of developing long term symptoms by 40%, study finds.
Topics: COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2023 |
[Metformin use and risk of ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes: A cohort study].
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ischemic Strok | 2023 |
Time to revisit the true role of metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Metformin | 2023 |
Non-Nutritive Sweetened Beverages Impair Therapeutic Benefits of Metformin in Prediabetic Diet-Induced Obese Mice.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; Glucose Intolerance; High Fructose Corn Syrup; M | 2023 |
Association of Metformin, Dipeptidyl Dipeptidase-4 Inhibitors, and Insulin with Coronavirus Disease 2019-Related Hospital Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidases; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glycated Hemo | 2023 |
[Investigation of glycaemic and nutritional status of patients suffering from cancer.]
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Neoplasms; N | 2023 |
Association between Acid-Lowering Agents, Metformin, and Vitamin B12 among Boston-Area Puerto Ricans.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Histamine; Histamine H2 Antagonists; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2023 |
Evaluation of Out-of-Pocket Costs and Treatment Intensification With an SGLT2 Inhibitor or GLP-1 RA in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucagon-Like Pept | 2023 |
The effects of daily dose and treatment duration of metformin on the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency and peripheral neuropathy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A multicenter cross-sectional study.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Duration of Therapy; East Asian People; Humans; | 2023 |
Diabetes treatment for persons with severe mental illness: A registry-based cohort study to explore medication treatment differences for persons with type 2 diabetes with and without severe mental illness.
Topics: Adult; Cardiovascular Agents; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Mental Dis | 2023 |
Protective Effects of Imeglimin and Metformin Combination Therapy on β-Cells in db/db Male Mice.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin-Se | 2023 |
Role of metformin in the management of type 2 diabetes: recent advances.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Metform | 2023 |
Longitudinal treatment patterns in patients recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Catalonia.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2023 |
Chronic Metformin Administration Does Not Alter Carotid Sinus Nerve Activity in Control Rats.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Carotid Body; Carotid Sinus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hype | 2023 |
Academic detailing as a method to improve general practitioners' drug prescribing in type 2 diabetes: evaluation of changes in prescribing.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Prescriptions; General Practitioners; Humans; Metformin; Practice Pa | 2023 |
Metformin Versus Insulin and Risk of Major Congenital Malformations in Pregnancies With Type 2 Diabetes: A Nordic Register-Based Cohort Study.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Insulin; Ins | 2023 |
Bidirectional association between diabetic peripheral neuropathy and vitamin B12 deficiency: Two longitudinal 9-year follow-up studies using a national sample cohort.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Neuropathies; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypogly | 2023 |
An Expert Group Consensus Statement on "Approach and Management of Prediabetes in India".
Topics: Consensus; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; India; Metformin; Prediabetic State | 2022 |
DNA methylation partially mediates antidiabetic effects of metformin on HbA1c levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA Methylation; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metfor | 2023 |
Do patients with prediabetes managed with metformin achieve better glycaemic control? A national study using primary care medical records.
Topics: Australia; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Glycemic Control; Humans; | 2023 |
Effects of plateau hypoxia on population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metformin in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Hypoxia; Metformin; Tandem Mass Spectr | 2023 |
Urinary α1 microglobulin level is useful for selecting sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor or metformin for visceral fat reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Intra-Abdominal Fat; Metformin; Sodium-Gluco | 2023 |
Contemporary trends in the utilization of second-line pharmacological therapies for type 2 diabetes in the United States and the United Kingdom.
Topics: Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV I | 2023 |
Metformin regulates bone marrow stromal cells to accelerate bone healing in diabetic mice.
Topics: Animals; Bony Callus; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fractures, Bone; M | 2023 |
Molecular insights of anti-diabetic compounds and its hyaluronic acid conjugates against aldose reductase enzyme through molecular modeling and simulations study-a novel treatment option for inflammatory diabetes.
Topics: Aldehyde Reductase; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Inflammation; Insulin Resist | 2023 |
Effects of putative metformin targets on phenotypic age and leukocyte telomere length: a mendelian randomisation study using data from the UK Biobank.
Topics: Biological Specimen Banks; Biomarkers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hemoglobi | 2023 |
Investigating the impact of metformin on severity of COVID-19 in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: Focusing on laboratory findings.
Topics: COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; SARS-CoV-2 | 2023 |
Management of Type 2 Diabetes in Frail Older Adults.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Frail Elderly; Frailty; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Obe | 2023 |
The Role of Activating Transcription Factor 3 in Metformin's Alleviation of Gastrointestinal Injury Induced by Restraint Stress in Mice.
Topics: Activating Transcription Factor 3; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2023 |
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; East Asian People; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2023 |
IL-1RA promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma malignancy through mitochondrial metabolism-mediated EGFR/JNK/SOX2 pathway.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Cisplatin; D | 2023 |
Achieving comparability in glycemic control between antidiabetic treatment strategies in pregnancy when using real world data.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycemic Control; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ins | 2023 |
Comparison of orlistat and orlistat plus metformin therapy between diabetic and nondiabetic groups.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Obesity Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Lactones; Male; Metformin; Mi | 2023 |
Unveiling Novel Markers and Modeling Clinical Prediction of Treatment Effects Are Equally Important for Implementing Precision Therapeutics.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Genetic Variation; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Metformin; Prec | 2023 |
Evaluation of PEN2-ATP6AP1 axis as an antiparasitic target for metformin based on phylogeny analysis and molecular docking.
Topics: Animals; Antiparasitic Agents; Caenorhabditis elegans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; | 2023 |
Comparison of SGLT2 inhibitors with DPP-4 inhibitors combined with metformin in patients with acute myocardial infarction and diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Humans; Metformin; Myocardial Infarct | 2023 |
Bacteroides ovatus accelerates metformin-induced vitamin B12 deficiency in type 2 diabetes patients by accumulating cobalamin.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Homocysteine; Humans; Metformin; Mice; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 1 | 2023 |
The associations of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors as add-on to metformin with fracture risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases | 2023 |
Design and Synthesis of AMPK Activators and GDF15 Inducers.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Growth Differentiation Factor 15; Humans; | 2023 |
Association of Metformin Use with Iron Deficiency Anemia in Urban Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; East Asian People; Humans; Metfo | 2023 |
Effect of Human Adenovirus 36 on Response to Metformin Monotherapy in Obese Mexican Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study.
Topics: Adenoviruses, Human; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Obe | 2023 |
Real-world risk of cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes associated with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in comparison with metformin: A propensity score-matched model analysis in Japan.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2023 |
Sex disparities in treatment patterns after metformin initiation among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gly | 2023 |
Hyaluronic acid-graphene oxide quantum dots nanoconjugate as dual purpose drug delivery and therapeutic agent in meta-inflammation.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hyaluronic Acid; Inflammation; Metformi | 2023 |
Evaluation level of serum vitamin B12 in Iraqi patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, who used the metformin drug as a hypoglycemic agent.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Iraq; Metformin; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 | 2023 |
Vitamin D3 alleviates lung fibrosis of type 2 diabetic rats via SIRT3 mediated suppression of pyroptosis.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholecalciferol; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Di | 2023 |
[Indicators of diabetes mellitus after liraglutide, sitagliptin/metformin, linagliptin, and sitagliptin].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucose; Glycated Hemog | 2023 |
STAT3/LKB1 controls metastatic prostate cancer by regulating mTORC1/CREB pathway.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Male; Mechanistic Target | 2023 |
Comparison of therapeutic efficacy and safety of sitagliptin, dapagliflozin, or lobeglitazone adjunct therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on sulfonylurea and metformin: Third agent study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated H | 2023 |
Targeting BCAA metabolism to potentiate metformin's therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of diabetes in mice.
Topics: Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; Glucose; Humans; Me | 2023 |
Metformin and exercise effects on postprandial insulin sensitivity and glucose kinetics in pre-diabetic and diabetic adults.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Kinet | 2023 |
Loss of endothelial glucocorticoid receptor accelerates organ fibrosis in
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelial Cells; Metformin; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Recept | 2023 |
Factors associated with therapeutic inertia in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus started on basal insulin.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Male; Metformin; Ret | 2023 |
Effects of metformin and intensive lifestyle interventions on the incidence of kidney disease in adults in the DPP/DPPOS.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Incidence; Kidney Diseases; Life Style; Metformin | 2023 |
[Use of antidiabetic medications in the course of bariatric/metabolic surgery].
Topics: Bariatric Surgery; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Sulfonylurea C | 2023 |
Effect of Metformin Use on Vitamin B12 Deficiency Over Time (EMBER): A Real-World Evidence Database Study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Populati | 2023 |
The Consequences of Lowering Vitamin B12 With Chronic Metformin Therapy.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Vitamin B 12 | 2023 |
Overexpression of miR-297b-5p in Mouse Insulin-Secreting Cells Promotes Metformin-Mediated Protection Against Stearic Acid-Induced Senescence by Targeting
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Metformin | 2023 |
Early Combination Therapies for the Preservation of Pancreatic β Cells in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Male; Metformin; Mice; Triazines | 2023 |
Metformin: A New Inhibitor of the Wnt Signaling Pathway in Cancer.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Metformin; Neoplasms; Wnt | 2023 |
Metformin restores prohormone processing enzymes and normalizes aberrations in secretion of proinsulin and insulin in palmitate-exposed human islets.
Topics: Adolescent; Carboxypeptidase H; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Ins | 2023 |
Daily dose of metformin caused acute kidney injury with lactic acidosis: a case report.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Kidney Tubular | 2023 |
Prognostic impact of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and acute heart failure: Combined analysis of the EAHFE and RICA registries.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Prognosis; Prospec | 2023 |
Gallic acid improves the metformin effects on diabetic kidney disease in mice.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Gallic | 2023 |
Prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in type 2 diabetic patients taking metformin, a cross-sectional study in primary healthcare.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Prevalence; Primary Health Ca | 2023 |
Association of Unmet Social Needs With Metformin Use Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Health Services Accessibility; Housing; Humans; Metformin; Prospec | 2023 |
Early use of oral semaglutide in the UK: A cost-effectiveness analysis versus continuing metformin and SGLT-2 inhibitor therapy.
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Cost-Effectiveness Analysis; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2023 |
Metformin activates AMPK and mTOR to Inhibit RANKL-stimulated osteoclast formation.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Leucine; Metformin; Mice; Osteocl | 2023 |
Potential molecular mechanisms underlying the ameliorative effect of Cola nitida (Vent.) Schott & Endl. on insulin resistance in rat skeletal muscles.
Topics: Animals; Cola; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Transporter Type | 2024 |
Dapagliflozin and metformin in combination ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis and activating autophagy in diabetic rats.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic | 2024 |
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor add-on therapy for metformin delays diabetic retinopathy progression in diabetes patients: a population-based cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2023 |
Design, synthesis and characterization of a novel multicomponent salt of bexarotene with metformin and application in ameliorating psoriasis with T2DM.
Topics: Animals; Bexarotene; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Humans; Imiquimod; Metformin; Mic | 2023 |
The Use of Metformin and Postoperative Insulin Pump Were Predictive Factors for Outcomes of Diabetic Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery.
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Insulins; Metformin; Postoperative Complica | 2023 |
Metformin use is associated with longer survival in glioblastoma patients with MGMT gene silencing.
Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA Methylation; DNA Modification Methylases; DNA Repair | 2023 |
Associations between insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 and insulin sensitivity, metformin, and mortality in persons with T2D.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Insulin-Like Growth Factor | 2023 |
Incident infection risks depending on oral antidiabetic exposure in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes patients.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2023 |
Effect of a combination of gliptin and metformin on serum vitamin B12, folic acid, and ferritin levels.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Ferritins; Folic Acid; Humans; Hypogl | 2023 |
Protective effects of metformin on pancreatic β-cell ferroptosis in type 2 diabetes in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ferroptosis; Humans; Insulin; I | 2023 |
Metformin exhibits antineoplastic effects on Pten-deficient endometrial cancer by interfering with TGF-β and p38/ERK MAPK signalling.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Proliferation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endometrial Neoplasms | 2023 |
Efficacy and Safety of Switching from Sitagliptin to Ipragliflozin in Obese Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Single-Arm Multicenter Interventional Study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases | 2023 |
Metformin protects against dementia in diabetes.
Topics: Dementia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2023 |
Pharmacophore mapping approach to find anti-cancer phytochemicals with metformin-like activities against transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta receptor I kinase: An in silico study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Ligands; Metformin; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Dynam | 2023 |
Reversible acute blindness in suspected metformin-associated lactic acidosis: a case report.
Topics: Acidosis; Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Blindness; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Human | 2023 |
Anti-Proliferative Properties of the Novel Hybrid Drug Met-ITC, Composed of the Native Drug Metformin with the Addition of an Isothiocyanate H
Topics: Cell Line; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hydrogen Sulfide; Isothiocyanates; Metformin; Neoplasm | 2023 |
Metformin Attenuates TGF-β1-Induced Fibrosis in Salivary Gland: A Preliminary Study.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fibroblasts; Fibrosis; Humans; Me | 2023 |
Predictors of HbA
Topics: Adult; Angiotensins; Cholesterol; Cohort Studies; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl- | 2023 |
Effects of mulberry twig alkaloids(Sangzhi alkaloids) and metformin on blood glucose fluctuations in combination with premixed insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Insulin; Lipids; Metformin; M | 2023 |
Oxidative Stress-regulating Enzymes and Endometrial Cancer Survival in Relation to Metformin Intake in Diabetic Patients.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endometrial Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Kelch-Like ECH-Ass | 2023 |
[Effect of metformin combined with DPP-4 inhibitor on alveolar bone density in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontitis].
Topics: Adiponectin; Bone Density; C-Reactive Protein; Chronic Periodontitis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dip | 2023 |
National ambulatory care non-insulin antidiabetic medication prescribing trends in the United States from 2009 to 2015.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Prescriptions; Female; Health Care Su | 2019 |
Dynamic risk prediction for diabetes using biomarker change measurements.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Algorithms; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemo | 2019 |
Endogenous testosterone determines metformin action on prolactin levels in hyperprolactinaemic men: A pilot study.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperprolactinemia; H | 2020 |
[The effect of metformin on lipid parameters and on cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes without statin therapy].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2019 |
Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular Nursing; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2019 |
In uncontrolled type 2 diabetes, adjunctive semaglutide reduced HbA1c and body weight vs sitagliptin.
Topics: Adult; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptides; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; | 2019 |
Letter: Efficacy and Safety of Voglibose Plus Metformin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial (
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inositol; Metformin | 2019 |
Response: Efficacy and Safety of Voglibose Plus Metformin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial (
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inositol; Metformin | 2019 |
Synergistic effect of nano-selenium and metformin on type 2 diabetic rat model: Diabetic complications alleviation through insulin sensitivity, oxidative mediators and inflammatory markers.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Synergism; H | 2019 |
Sitagliptin favorably modulates immune-relevant pathways in human beta cells.
Topics: Cell Line; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gene Expression; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glycated Hemoglobin; | 2019 |
Diabetic ketoacidosis in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors versus other antihyperglycemic agents: An observational study of four US administrative claims databases.
Topics: Administrative Claims, Healthcare; Aged; Blood Glucose; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2019 |
A population-based analysis of antidiabetic medications in four Canadian provinces: Secular trends and prescribing patterns.
Topics: Canada; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformin; | 2020 |
Drug price, dosage and safety: Real-world evidence of oral hypoglycemic agents.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Costs; Drug Prescriptions; Drugs, | 2019 |
The effect of metformin use on hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in diabetes mellitus patients.
Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Case-Control Studies; Chemoradiotherapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2019 |
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors do not alter GH/IGF-I axis in adult diabetic patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Exena | 2020 |
Host-Microbe-Drug-Nutrient Screen Identifies Bacterial Effectors of Metformin Therapy.
Topics: Agmatine; Animals; Caenorhabditis elegans; Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; E | 2019 |
National trends in metformin-based combination therapy of oral hypoglycaemic agents for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidas | 2019 |
A retrospective cross-sectional study of type 2 diabetes overtreatment in patients admitted to the geriatric ward.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug The | 2019 |
[How I manage a patient with type 2 diabetes not well controlled with a metformin plus gliptin combination].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2019 |
Clinical Determinants of Diabetes Progression in Multiethnic Asians with Type 2 Diabetes - A 3-Year Prospective Cohort Study.
Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Aged; Area Under Curve; Asian People; China; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2019 |
Metformin ameliorates stress-induced depression-like behaviors via enhancing the expression of BDNF by activating AMPK/CREB-mediated histone acetylation.
Topics: Acetylation; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Brain-Derived Neurotroph | 2020 |
Metformin suppresses aortic ultrastrucural damage and hypertension induced by diabetes: a potential role of advanced glycation end products.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Aorta; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High | 2019 |
Metformin therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus is associated with a reduced risk of vasculopathy and cardiovascular mortality after heart transplantation.
Topics: Adult; Cause of Death; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Heart Failure; He | 2019 |
Dietary Supplementation of Methyl Donor l-Methionine Alters Epigenetic Modification in Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; DNA (Cytos | 2019 |
SGLT2 inhibitor or GLP-1 receptor agonist in type 2 diabetes?
Topics: Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Glu | 2019 |
VERIFY the role of initial combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformi | 2019 |
Effects of berberine and metformin on intestinal inflammation and gut microbiome composition in db/db mice.
Topics: Animals; Berberine; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2019 |
A lower duodenal immune response is associated with an increase of insulin resistance in patients with morbid obesity.
Topics: Adult; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Duodenum; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin | 2020 |
Pharmacological treatment initiation for type 2 diabetes in Australia: are the guidelines being followed?
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Australia; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Comorbidity; Diab | 2020 |
Positive effect of metformin treatment in colorectal cancer patients with type 2 diabetes: national cohort study.
Topics: Aged; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2020 |
Ipragliflozin as an add-on therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: An evidence-based pharmacoeconomics evaluation.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Economics, Pharmaceutical; Female; Glucosides; | 2019 |
Metformin for Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2019 |
Metformin for Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2019 |
Metformin for Type 2 Diabetes-Reply.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2019 |
Reversible Acute Blindness in Suspected Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Blindness; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Met | 2019 |
Hypoglycemic effects and biochemical mechanisms of Pea oligopeptide on high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; | 2019 |
Combination of COX-2 inhibitor and metformin attenuates rate of admission in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes in Taiwan.
Topics: Aged; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2019 |
Insulin enhances and metformin reduces risk of colorectal carcinoma in type-2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Colorectal Neoplasms; Comorbidity; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Femal | 2020 |
Efficacy of newer agents in the glycaemic management of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptides; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Network M | 2020 |
A novel fast-slow model of diabetes progression: Insights into mechanisms of response to the interventions in the Diabetes Prevention Program.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Glucose Tolerance | 2019 |
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: A case reporting a serious complication in the perioperative period.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Anuria; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Heart Arrest; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2019 |
Vitamin B12 status and peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Neuropathies; Female; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2019 |
Letter to the Editor: Intrahepatic Lipid Content After Insulin Glargine Addition to Metformin in Type II Diabetes Mellitus With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
Topics: Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Glargine; Lipids; Lirag | 2020 |
Reply.
Topics: Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Insulin Glargine; Lipids; Liraglutide; Metformin; No | 2020 |
Costarting sitagliptin with metformin is associated with a lower likelihood of disease progression in newly treated people with type 2 diabetes: a cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Alberta; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Drug Therapy, Combin | 2020 |
BÜCHI nano spray dryer B-90: a promising technology for the production of metformin hydrochloride-loaded alginate-gelatin nanoparticles.
Topics: Alginates; Animals; Blood Glucose; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Dia | 2019 |
Metformin Use Is Associated With a Lower Risk of Hospitalization for Heart Failure in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a Retrospective Cohort Analysis.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Heart Failure; Hosp | 2019 |
Trends in Self-reported Prediabetes and Metformin Use in the USA: NHANES 2005-2014.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Nut | 2020 |
Metformin alleviates oxidative stress and enhances autophagy in diabetic kidney disease via AMPK/SIRT1-FoxO1 pathway.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Autophagy; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; | 2020 |
Laboratory-Confirmed Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Alcohol Drinking; Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2019 |
Discovering metformin-induced vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes in primary care.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Checklist; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2019 |
Risks of Prescription Sharing.
Topics: Adult; Cooperative Behavior; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Prescriptions; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2019 |
Need for increased awareness for avoiding metformin treatment in malnourished older adults with diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Malnutrition; Metformin | 2020 |
Adherence to metformin monotherapy in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in New Zealand.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Middle | 2019 |
Metformin is associated with increase in lactate level in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD stage 3: A case-control study.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Neph | 2020 |
Combination of honey with metformin enhances glucose metabolism and ameliorates hepatic and nephritic dysfunction in STZ-induced diabetic mice.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Honey; | 2019 |
Metformin promotes Mycobacterium tuberculosis killing and increases the production of human β-defensins in lung epithelial cells and macrophages.
Topics: beta-Defensins; Colony Count, Microbial; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Hypogl | 2020 |
The Effect of Metformin on Prognosis in Patients With Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer Associated With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cause of Death; Cohort Studies; Comorbidity; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2019 |
Preclinical and clinical results regarding the effects of a plant-based antidiabetic formulation versus well established antidiabetic molecules.
Topics: Aged; Animals; Blood Glucose; Brain; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fem | 2019 |
Two drugs are better than one to start T2DM therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformi | 2020 |
Pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus in frail elderly patients.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Frail Elderly; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2019 |
Intensification of medical management in type 2 diabetes: A real-world look at primary care practice.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body Weight; Choice Behavior; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2020 |
Association between long-term prescription of metformin and the progression of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypertension; Metformin; Prescriptions; Retrospect | 2020 |
Association between metformin dose and vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Alcohol Drinking; Anemia; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dos | 2019 |
Metformin increases fasting glucose clearance and endogenous glucose production in non-diabetic individuals.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female; Humans; Male; Metformin; Young Adu | 2020 |
Comparison of gastrointestinal adverse events with different doses of metformin in the treatment of elderly people with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2020 |
Metformin Is Associated With Reduced Odds for Colorectal Cancer Among Persons With Diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Early Detection of Cancer; Female; Follow-Up | 2019 |
Metformin in Gynecologic Cancers: Opening a New Window for Prevention and Treatment?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Everolimus; Female; Genital Neoplasms, Female; Humans; Letrozole; Metform | 2020 |
Impact of Hypoglycemia on Health-Related Quality of Life among Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study in Thailand.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; | 2019 |
Evidence Builds for a Role of Metformin in Asthma Management.
Topics: Asthma; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Monitoring, Physiologic | 2019 |
Metformin and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease Among Community-Dwelling People With Diabetes: A National Case-Control Study.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Stu | 2020 |
Metformin reduces TRPC6 expression through AMPK activation and modulates cytoskeleton dynamics in podocytes under diabetic conditions.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Cytoskeleton; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropath | 2020 |
Full title: High glucose protects mesenchymal stem cells from metformin-induced apoptosis through the AMPK-mediated mTOR pathway.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Line; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Hu | 2019 |
Diabetes Mellitus and Metformin Are Not Associated With Breast Cancer Pathologic Complete Response.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mell | 2020 |
Adherence and Swallowing Experience with a Modified, Smaller-sized Tablet Formulation of Metformin and Glimepiride (SR) in Indian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Deglutition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobi | 2019 |
Effects of Yukmijihwang-tang, a Polyherb, on the Pharmacokinetics of Metformin.
Topics: Animals; Area Under Curve; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drugs, Chinese Herb | 2019 |
Trends in mortality, cardiovascular complications, and risk factors in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2019 |
Urinary sulphated glycosaminoglycans excretion in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycosaminoglycans; Humans; Metformin; Obesity | 2022 |
Metformin use and cardiovascular outcomes after acute myocardial infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cohort study.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cause of Death; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Prog | 2019 |
Metformin activates KDM2A to reduce rRNA transcription and cell proliferation by dual regulation of AMPK activity and intracellular succinate level.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA, | 2019 |
A Decision-Support Software to Improve the Standard Care in Chinese Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Aspirin; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; China; Dec | 2019 |
The effect of metformin on vertebral marrow fat in postmenopausal women with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adipose Tissue; Adiposity; Aged; Bone Density; Bone Marrow; Diabetes Mellitu | 2020 |
Good long-term glycemic compensation is associated with better trabecular bone score in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Bone Density; Cancellous Bone; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Com | 2019 |
A patient with metformin-associated lactic acidosis successfully treated with continuous renal replacement therapy: a case report.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hum | 2019 |
Comparative effects of lifestyle modification, metformin and exenatide/glargine combination therapy on daily glycaemic fluctuation in the setting of near-normoglycaemia.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Glycated Hemoglobin; | 2020 |
Patient-reported outcomes in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with dual oral therapy: a multicenter, observational study from Italy.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated H | 2020 |
Relationship between metformin use and vitamin B
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Erythrocyte Indices; Female; Hemoglobins; | 2020 |
Intensification with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, insulin, or thiazolidinediones and risks of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular diseases, and severe hypoglycemia in patients on metformin-sulfonylurea dual therapy: A retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidas | 2019 |
Endothelial Dysfunction, Fibrinolytic Activity, and Coagulation Activity in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation According to Type II Diabetes Mellitus Status.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticoagulants; Antithrombins; Atrial Fibrillation; Carboxypeptidase B2; Ca | 2020 |
Do sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors affect renal hemodynamics by different mechanisms in type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Glomerular Filtration Ra | 2020 |
Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Effectiveness of Newer Glucose-Lowering Drugs Added to Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2020 |
A Safety Comparison of Metformin vs Sulfonylurea Initiation in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Topics: Canada; Cardiovascular Diseases; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Monitoring; Effect Modi | 2020 |
Adaptive Treatment Strategies With Survival Outcomes: An Application to the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Using a Large Observational Database.
Topics: Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2020 |
The impact of oral hormonal contraception on metformin action on hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis activity in women with diabetes and prediabetes: A pilot study.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interac | 2020 |
Impact of glycemic traits, type 2 diabetes and metformin use on breast and prostate cancer risk: a Mendelian randomization study.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Breast Neoplasms; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ethnic | 2019 |
Combined effects of metformin and photobiomodulation improve the proliferation phase of wound healing in type 2 diabetic rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cell Proliferation; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Experiment | 2020 |
A cross-sectional study: Associations between sarcopenia and clinical characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; China; Cross-Sectional Stud | 2020 |
Recurrent cardiovascular events in patients with newly diagnosed acute coronary syndrome: Influence of diabetes and its management with medication.
Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; F | 2020 |
Durability of glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes after metformin failure: Prognostic model derivation and validation using the DISCOVER study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Glycemic Control; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2020 |
Evaluation of Vitamin B
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Retrospective Studies; Veterans; | 2021 |
Therapeutic efficacy and safety of initial triple combination of metformin, sitagliptin, and lobeglitazone in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes: initial triple study.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2020 |
The safety and pharmacokinetics of metformin in patients with chronic liver disease.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Chronic Disease; Comorbidity; Cross-Sectional Stud | 2020 |
rs622342A>C in SLC22A1 is associated with metformin pharmacokinetics and glycemic response.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2020 |
Prevalence of Vitamin B12 Defi ciency and Clinical Neuropathy with Metformin Use in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Prevalence; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin | 2020 |
Eff ectiveness of Teneligliptin as an Add-on in T2DM Patients not Controlled on Metformin and Glimepiride.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated H | 2020 |
Evaluation of Risk Factors of Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Special Reference to Vitamin B12 Defi ciency.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Peripheral Nervous System Disease | 2020 |
Metformin use is associated with a lower risk of osteoporosis in adult women independent of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. REDLINC IX study.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Latin | 2020 |
Effect of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on glucose homeostasis on type 2 diabetes experimental model.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ferric Compounds | 2020 |
Considering gut microbiota in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Fiber; Dysbiosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; H | 2020 |
Effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of vildagliptin or vildagliptin/metformin combination in patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled on insulin therapy in a real-world setting in Egypt: The OMEGA study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2020 |
Metformin regulates TRPM6, a potential explanation for magnesium imbalance in type 2 diabetes patients.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Caco-2 Cells; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Down-Regulation; HEK293 Cell | 2020 |
Does metformin affect mammographic breast density in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Breast Density; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hu | 2020 |
Use of oral antidiabetic drugs in Japanese working-age patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: dosing pattern for metformin initiators.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Female; | 2020 |
Real-world Evaluation of glycemic control and hypoglycemic Events among type 2 Diabetes mellitus study (REEDS): a multicentre, cross-sectional study in Thailand.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycemic Control; Hum | 2020 |
Stereological study on the numerical plasticity of myelinated fibers and oligodendrocytes in the rat spinal cord with painful diabetic neuropathy.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Neuropathies; Hypoglyc | 2020 |
Does Metformin Interfere With the Cardiovascular Benefits of SGLT2 Inhibitors? Questions About Its Role as the Cornerstone of Diabetes Treatment.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Sodium-Glucose Tra | 2020 |
In type 2 diabetes, early metformin plus vildagliptin reduced treatment failure vs a stepwise approach.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformi | 2020 |
[Severe Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis in a 67-Year-Old Patient].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hospitals; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Intensive | 2020 |
Case 6-2020: A 34-Year-Old Woman with Hyperglycemia.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Diagnosis, Differential; | 2020 |
Racial/ethnic differences in circulating natriuretic peptide levels: The Diabetes Prevention Program.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ethnicity; Female; Humans; Life Style; Male; Metformin; Middle Age | 2020 |
Time to modification of antidiabetic therapy in patients over the age of 65 years with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV In | 2020 |
Metformin-induced suppression of IFN-α via mTORC1 signalling following seasonal vaccination is associated with impaired antibody responses in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Antibodies, Viral; Antibody Affinity; Antibody Formation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; G | 2020 |
Comparison of Different Case-Crossover Variants in Handling Exposure-Time Trend or Persistent-User Bias: Using Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors and the Risk of Heart Failure as an Example.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bias; Case-Control Studies; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2020 |
The Long-term Effects of Metformin on Patients With Type 2 Diabetic Kidney Disease.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cause of Death; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Third-Line Antidiabetic Therapy Intensification Patterns and Glycaemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in the USA: A Real-World Study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Cohort Stu | 2020 |
Changes in incidence of severe hypoglycaemia in people with type 2 diabetes from 2006 to 2016: analysis based on health insurance data in Germany considering the anti-hyperglycaemic medication.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhi | 2020 |
Association between prior metformin therapy and sepsis in diabetes patients: a nationwide sample cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Propensity S | 2020 |
A Cohort Study of Exposure to Antihyperglycemic Therapy and Survival in Patients with Lung Cancer.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lung Neoplasms; Male | 2020 |
Gut Microbiome Profiles Are Associated With Type 2 Diabetes in Urban Africans.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Bacteroidetes; Black People; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dysbio | 2020 |
Cost-effectiveness of diabetes treatment sequences to inform step therapy policies.
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Decision Support Techniques; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase | 2020 |
Diabetes and Metformin Association with Recurrence Score in a Large Oncotype Database of Breast Cancer Patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Comorbidity; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2020 |
Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Diabetic Patients on Metformin Therapy: A cross-sectional study from Oman.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2020 |
Lipid Accumulation in Hearts Transplanted From Nondiabetic Donors to Diabetic Recipients.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Heart Failure; Hear | 2020 |
Prior event rate ratio adjustment produced estimates consistent with randomized trial: a diabetes case study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male | 2020 |
Postdiagnostic metformin use and survival of patients with colorectal cancer: A Nationwide cohort study.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Male; Metform | 2020 |
SGLT2i and postglomerular vasodilation.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Glucosides; Humans; Metformin; | 2020 |
The authors reply.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Glucosides; Humans; Metformin; | 2020 |
Metformin therapy and hip fracture risk among patients with type II diabetes mellitus: A population-based cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Republic o | 2020 |
Retinoprotection by BGP-15, a Hydroximic Acid Derivative, in a Type II Diabetic Rat Model Compared to Glibenclamide, Metformin, and Pioglitazone.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Disease Models, Animal; Ele | 2020 |
Developing a definition for Oral Antidiabetic Drug (OAD) Failure.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Clinical Decision-Making; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2020 |
Adherence to metformin and the onset of rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2020 |
Mouse model of metformin-induced diarrhea.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diarrhea; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Mice; Mice, In | 2020 |
Host Defense Peptide RNase 7 Is Down-regulated in the Skin of Diabetic Patients with or without Chronic Ulcers, and its Expression is Altered with Metformin.
Topics: Adult; Chronic Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Foot; Down-Regulation; Female; Humans; M | 2020 |
The protective role of metformin in autophagic status in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Apoptosis; Autophagosomes; Autophagy; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endoplasmic | 2020 |
Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events, Severe Hypoglycemia, and All-Cause Mortality for Widely Used Antihyperglycemic Dual and Triple Therapies for Type 2 Diabetes Management: A Cohort Study of All Danish Users.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Cohort Studies; Denmark; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2020 |
Effects of Dapagliflozin and Sitagliptin on Insulin Resistant and Body Fat Distribution in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic Patients.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Fat Distribution; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gluco | 2020 |
Metformin enhances the cytotoxic effect of nilotinib and overcomes nilotinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia cells.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Humans; Leukemia, Myelo | 2021 |
Effects of Metformin and Sitagliptin Monotherapy on Expression of Intestinal and Renal Sweet Taste Receptors and Glucose Transporters in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Gene Expression Regulation; Glucose Tran | 2020 |
Metformin Usage Index and assessment of vitamin B12 deficiency among metformin and non-metformin users with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Hu | 2020 |
Association Between Preoperative Metformin Exposure and Postoperative Outcomes in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2020 |
Improving Outcomes After Surgery-An Old Medication With Unexpected Benefits.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Medication Adherence; Metformin; Postoperative Period | 2020 |
A Protocol for the Study of Polymorphisms and Response to Metformin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Trinidad.
Topics: Adult; Alleles; Clinical Protocols; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genotype; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2020 |
An investigation of saliva and plasma levels of urotensin 2 in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on metformin treatment.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2020 |
Agriophyllum oligosaccharides ameliorate hepatic injury in type 2 diabetic db/db mice targeting INS-R/IRS-2/PI3K/AKT/PPAR-γ/Glut4 signal pathway.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cell Proliferation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, A | 2020 |
Novel glucose lowering agents are associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular and adverse events in type 2 diabetes: A population based analysis.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glucose; Hum | 2020 |
Type 2 Diabetes in Older Adults in Long-Term Care Homes: An Educational Intervention to Improve Diabetes Care.
Topics: Allied Health Personnel; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Clinical Competence; Diabetes | 2020 |
Effect of continuous use of metformin on kidney function in diabetes patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Biomarkers; Contrast Media; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female | 2020 |
Hospitalization for Lactic Acidosis Among Patients With Reduced Kidney Function Treated With Metformin or Sulfonylureas.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Female; G | 2020 |
Metformin and COVID-19: A novel deal of an old drug.
Topics: Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; Age Factors; China; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2020 |
Budget impact analysis for dapagliflozin in type 2 diabetes in Egypt.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Budgets; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2020 |
Descending Expression of miR320 in Insulin-Resistant Adipocytes Treated with Ascending Concentrations of Metformin.
Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; Adipocytes; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Hypogly | 2020 |
Type 2 diabetes, breast cancer specific and overall mortality: Associations by metformin use and modification by race, body mass, and estrogen receptor status.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body Mass Index; Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female | 2020 |
NLRP3 inflammasome drives inflammation in high fructose fed diabetic rat liver: Effect of resveratrol and metformin.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fructose; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2020 |
Metformin Treatment Is Associated with a Decreased Risk of Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-Based Cohort Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Disease Progression; F | 2020 |
Evaluation of hepatic CYP2D1 activity and hepatic clearance in type I and type II diabetic rat models, before and after treatment with insulin and metformin.
Topics: Animals; Cytochrome P450 Family 2; Dextromethorphan; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Melli | 2020 |
Authors' Reply to the Letter by Shoar et al. on "Glycosylated Hemoglobin as a Surrogate for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Cardiovascular Outcome Trials Comparing New Antidiabetic Drugs to Placebo".
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2020 |
Type 2 Diabetes and Metformin Use Associate With Outcomes of Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis-Related, Child-Pugh A Cirrhosis.
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Neoplasms; Metf | 2021 |
Metformin disposition-A 40-year-old mystery.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Organic Cation Transport P | 2020 |
Metformin Associated Lactic Acidosis in Clinical Practice - A Case Series.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; H | 2021 |
Metformin pretreatment suppresses alterations to the articular cartilage ultrastructure and knee joint tissue damage secondary to type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats.
Topics: Animals; Cartilage, Articular; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypoglyce | 2020 |
Pharmacogenetic Evaluation of Metformin and Sulphonylurea Response in Mexican Mestizos with Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alleles; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; Diabetes Mellitus | 2020 |
Reduced risk of prostate cancer in a cohort of Lithuanian diabetes mellitus patients.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Male; Metformin; Prostatic Neopla | 2020 |
JPEN Journal Club 54. Correlation Coefficients.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Parenteral Nutrition; Weight Loss | 2020 |
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Metformin; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease | 2021 |
Effects of metformin on blood glucose levels and bodyweight mediated through intestinal effects.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Intestinal Absor | 2020 |
Using Insulin to Treat Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes in 2020.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Costs; Glucagon-Like Peptide | 2020 |
Use of metformin and risk of breast and colorectal cancer.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Breast Neoplasms; Case-Control Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mell | 2020 |
Development of a new GC-MS/MS method for the determination of metformin in human hair.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Monitoring; Fem | 2020 |
Regional variability in Canadian routine care of type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension: Results from the The Cardio-Vascular and metabolic treatments in Canada: Assessment of REal-life therapeutic value (CV-CARE) registry.
Topics: Aged; Anticholesteremic Agents; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzimidazoles; Canada; Chlorthalidone; Col | 2020 |
Mucosa-associated microbiota in the jejunum of patients with morbid obesity: alterations in states of insulin resistance and metformin treatment.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Jejunum; Metformin; M | 2020 |
Survival after breast cancer in women with type 2 diabetes using antidiabetic medication and statins: a retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Breast Neoplasms; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dia | 2020 |
Dapagliflozin-associated euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A case report.
Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabe | 2020 |
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic: Is the Benefit to Risk Ratio Still Favorable?
Topics: Betacoronavirus; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Cytokines; Diabetes Mell | 2020 |
Enhanced Release of Glucose Into the Intraluminal Space of the Intestine Associated With Metformin Treatment as Revealed by [
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fluorodeoxyglucose | 2020 |
Restoration of β-Adrenergic Signaling and Activity of Akt-Kinase and AMP-Activated Protein Kinase with Metformin in the Myocardium of Diabetic Rats.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2020 |
A specific gut microbiota and metabolomic profiles shifts related to antidiabetic action: The similar and complementary antidiabetic properties of type 3 resistant starch from Canna edulis and metformin.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Chromatography, Liquid; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimenta | 2020 |
Empagliflozin-Mediated Lithium Excretion: A Case Study and Clinical Applications.
Topics: Adult; Antimanic Agents; Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Glucosi | 2020 |
Understanding the association between metformin plasma concentrations and lactate.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lactic Acid; Metformin | 2021 |
Untargeted metabolomics analysis on Cicer arietinium L.-Induced Amelioration in T2D rats by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cicer; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2020 |
Dapagliflozin, a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, protects cardiovascular function in type-2 diabetic murine model.
Topics: Animals; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2020 |
Diabetes, Metformin, and Lung Cancer: Retrospective Study of the Korean NHIS-HEALS Database.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypog | 2020 |
DPP4i, thiazolidinediones, or insulin and risks of cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on metformin-sulfonylurea dual therapy with inadequate control.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; | 2020 |
Diabetes Is Associated With the Metastasis of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.
Topics: China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; | 2020 |
Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2021 |
In brief: Trijardy XR - a new 3-drug combination for Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Glu | 2020 |
Metformin protects against mouse oocyte apoptosis defects induced by arecoline.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Arecoline; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Meiosis; Metformin; Mice; Mice, In | 2020 |
The role of Helicobacter pylori in vitamin-B
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobac | 2020 |
Glycemic variability in type 2 diabetes mellitus and acute coronary syndrome: liraglutide compared with insulin glargine: a pilot study.
Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobi | 2020 |
Respiratory outcomes of metformin use in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hospitalization; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2020 |
The importance of the AMPK gamma 1 subunit in metformin suppression of liver glucose production.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Cystathionine beta-Synthase; Diabetes Melli | 2020 |
Effect of the Abnormal Expression of BMP-4 in the Blood of Diabetic Patients on the Osteogenic Differentiation Potential of Alveolar BMSCs and the Rescue Effect of Metformin: A Bioinformatics-Based Study.
Topics: Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; Cells, Cultured; Computational Biology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hum | 2020 |
An Escape From Diabetes.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucosides; Humans; Insulin Glargine; Metformin | 2020 |
Association of prestroke metformin use, stroke severity, and thrombolysis outcome.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fibrinolytic Agents; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Met | 2020 |
Clinical Utilization Pattern of Multiple Strengths of Glimepiride and Metformin Fixed Dose Combinations in Indian Type 2 Diabetes Patients.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hy | 2020 |
Metformin Use Is Associated with a Lower Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Duration of T | 2021 |
Obesity/Type 2 Diabetes-Associated Liver Tumors Are Sensitive to Cyclin D1 Deficiency.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cyclin D1; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hyp | 2020 |
Glycemic Efficacy and Metabolic Consequences of an Empagliflozin Add-on versus Conventional Dose-Increasing Strategy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled by Metformin and Sulfonylurea.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Body | 2020 |
Metformin Prescription Associated with Reduced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Growth Rate and Reduced Chemokine Expression in a Swedish Cohort.
Topics: Aged; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Chemokines; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2021 |
Comparison of Outcomes With Metformin and Sulfonylureas in Chronic Kidney Disease.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Ret | 2020 |
In Reply - Comparison of Outcomes With Metformin and Sulfonylureas in Chronic Kidney Disease.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Ret | 2020 |
2020 Consensus of Taiwan Society of Cardiology on the pharmacological management of patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
Topics: Cardiology; Cardiovascular Diseases; Consensus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Di | 2020 |
Add-on therapy in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes at moderate cardiovascular risk: a nationwide study.
Topics: Aged; Denmark; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2020 |
Effects of Liraglutide on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes Patients With and Without Baseline Metformin Use: Post Hoc Analyses of the LEADER Trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Ang | 2020 |
Improving Equity in Medication Use through Better Kidney Function Measurement.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Kidney; Metformin; Prescriptions; Renal Insu | 2020 |
Anti-Aging Effect of Metformin: A Molecular and Therapeutical Perspective.
Topics: Aging; Cellular Senescence; DEAD-box RNA Helicases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2020 |
Evaluation of the suitability of 19 pharmacogenomics biomarkers for individualized metformin therapy for type 2 diabetes patients.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genotype; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2020 |
Medications in type-2 diabetics and their association with liver fibrosis.
Topics: Biopsy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Metformin; Middle A | 2020 |
Metformin-induced increases in GDF15 are important for suppressing appetite and promoting weight loss.
Topics: Animals; Appetite Depressants; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; Eating; Gluco | 2019 |
Peanut skin extract ameliorates the symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus in mice by alleviating inflammation and maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arachis; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; E | 2020 |
Obesity, clinical, and genetic predictors for glycemic progression in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: A cohort study using the Hong Kong Diabetes Register and Hong Kong Diabetes Biobank.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asian People; Biological Specimen Banks; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol, H | 2020 |
Cost-effectiveness of a Stepwise Approach vs Standard Care for Diabetes Prevention in India.
Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2020 |
Study of Diversity of Metformin Related Gastrointestinal Side Effects.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; M | 2020 |
PolyMet-HA nanocomplexs regulates glucose uptake by inhibiting SHIP2 activity.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Biological Transport; Catalysis; Cations; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Colori | 2021 |
Dementia Diagnosis Is Associated with Changes in Antidiabetic Drug Prescription: An Open-Cohort Study of ∼130,000 Swedish Subjects over 14 Years.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Dementia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase I | 2020 |
Preexisting diabetes, metformin use and long-term survival in patients with prostate cancer.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Prostatic Neoplasms | 2020 |
A novel HNF1B mutation p.R177Q in autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease and maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 5: A pedigree-based case report.
Topics: Aftercare; Central Nervous System Diseases; Dental Enamel; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hepatocyte Nuc | 2020 |
Comparative effectiveness of gliclazide modified release versus sitagliptin as second-line treatment after metformin monotherapy in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gliclazide; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans | 2020 |
New insights into the older hypoglycemic agents in type 2 diabetes therapy.
Topics: Acarbose; Blood Glucose; Bromocriptine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Colesevelam Hydrochloride; Diabetes | 2020 |
Metformin and better survival in type 2 diabetes patients with NSCLC during EGFR-TKI treatment: Implications of miR-146a?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; ErbB Receptors; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Metformin; MicroRNAs; Mutation | 2020 |
Cost-Utility Analysis of Dapagliflozin Versus Saxagliptin Treatment as Monotherapy or Combination Therapy as Add-on to Metformin for Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Adamantane; Benzhydryl Compounds; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Gluc | 2021 |
Microbial Imidazole Propionate Affects Responses to Metformin through p38γ-Dependent Inhibitory AMPK Phosphorylation.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Cell Line; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2020 |
Impact of diabetes and metformin use on prostate cancer.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Prostatic Neoplasms | 2020 |
A Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Hemodialysis for Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metabolic Clearance | 2021 |
Metformin changes the immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hyp | 2020 |
Effects of Metformin Exposure on Survival in a Large National Cohort of Patients With Diabetes and Cirrhosis.
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Neoplasms; Metf | 2021 |
Risk of Anemia With Metformin Use in Type 2 Diabetes: A MASTERMIND Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anemia; Datasets as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Huma | 2020 |
Novel Albumin Nanoparticle Enhanced the Anti-Insulin-Resistant-Hepatoma Activity of Metformin.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Circular Dichroism; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Delivery Sys | 2020 |
Relationships between memory decline and the use of metformin or DPP4 inhibitors in people with type 2 diabetes with normal cognition or Alzheimer's disease, and the role APOE carrier status.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Alzheimer Disease; Apolipoprotein E4; Apolipoproteins E; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfuncti | 2020 |
Pharmacologic Prehabilitation-What About "the Polypill"?
Topics: Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reducta | 2020 |
The impact of antidiabetic treatment on human hypothalamic infundibular neurons and microglia.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2020 |
Discontinuation of metformin to prevent metformin-induced high colonic FDG uptake: is 48 h sufficient?
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biological Transport; Colon; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; | 2020 |
[Novel role of intracellular ATP in obesity pathology].
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Energy Metabolism; | 2020 |
MELAS Syndrome and MIDD Unmasked by Metformin Use: A Case Report.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Deafness; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diagnosis, Differential; Electroencephalography; | 2021 |
Keeping up with guideline recommendations: does patient volume matter in diabetes care?
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gu | 2020 |
Impact of hyperglycemia and treatment with metformin on ligature-induced bone loss, bone repair and expression of bone metabolism transcription factors.
Topics: Alveolar Bone Loss; Alveolar Process; Animals; Bone Regeneration; Cell Differentiation; Cytokines; D | 2020 |
Precision Medicine in Type 2 Diabetes: Using Individualized Prediction Models to Optimize Selection of Treatment.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Female; Gluca | 2020 |
Cost-utility analysis of second-line anti-diabetic therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin.
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2020 |
[Management of patients with type 2 diabetes at cardiovascular and renal risk : ESC versus ADA-EASD].
Topics: Cardiology; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metform | 2020 |
Characterization of Fibroblasts in Iatrogenic Laryngotracheal Stenosis and Type II Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Amobarbital; Biopsy; Case-Control Studies; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Cicatri | 2021 |
Metformin Is Associated with Higher Incidence of Acidosis, but Not Mortality, in Individuals with COVID-19 and Pre-existing Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Acidosis; Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; China; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2020 |
Level of glycemic control among US type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on dual therapy of metformin and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor: a retrospective database study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Glyc | 2020 |
Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: Synopsis of the 2020 American Diabetes Association's Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes Clinical Guideline.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Recepto | 2020 |
Metformin discontinuation in patients beginning second-line glucose-lowering therapy: results from the global observational DISCOVER study programme.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Discovery; Drug Substitution; Global Health; Guideline Adheren | 2020 |
Metformin discontinuation in patients beginning second-line glucose-lowering therapy: results from the global observational DISCOVER study programme.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Discovery; Drug Substitution; Global Health; Guideline Adheren | 2020 |
Metformin discontinuation in patients beginning second-line glucose-lowering therapy: results from the global observational DISCOVER study programme.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Discovery; Drug Substitution; Global Health; Guideline Adheren | 2020 |
Metformin discontinuation in patients beginning second-line glucose-lowering therapy: results from the global observational DISCOVER study programme.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Discovery; Drug Substitution; Global Health; Guideline Adheren | 2020 |
Short-term impact of co-payment level increase on the use of medication and patient-reported outcomes in Finnish patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Finland; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Patient Reported Outcome | 2020 |
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: reinforcing learning points.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Bicarbonates; Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy; Diabetes | 2020 |
Diabetes medication regimens and patient clinical characteristics in the national patient-centered clinical research network, PCORnet.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therap | 2020 |
Improved Erythrocyte Deformability Induced by Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Viscosity; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2022 |
Association of pregnancy outcomes in women with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin versus insulin when becoming pregnant.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Infant, Newborn; Insulin; Met | 2020 |
Real-world effectiveness of treatments for type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension in Canadian routine care - Results from the CardioVascular and metabolic treatment in Canada: Assessment of REal-life therapeutic value (CV-CARE) registry,
Topics: Aged; Anticholesteremic Agents; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzimidazoles; Canada; Cardiovascular Dise | 2020 |
Normalization of Testicular Steroidogenesis and Spermatogenesis in Male Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus under the Conditions of Metformin Therapy.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2020 |
Visualized analysis and evaluation of simultaneous controlled release of metformin hydrochloride and gliclazide from sandwiched osmotic pump capsule.
Topics: Animals; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dogs; Drug Delivery Systems; Glicla | 2020 |
Questions Regarding Association Between Preoperative Metformin Exposure and Postoperative Outcomes in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Postoperative Period | 2020 |
Questions Regarding Association Between Preoperative Metformin Exposure and Postoperative Outcomes in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Postoperative Period | 2020 |
[Ertugliflozin alone and in fixed-dose combinations : «pass of three»].
Topics: Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Met | 2020 |
Prescribing Paradigm Shift? Damned If You Do, Damned If You Don't.
Topics: Cardiology; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glucose; Hu | 2020 |
AMPK regulation of Raptor and TSC2 mediate metformin effects on transcriptional control of anabolism and inflammation.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Gene Expr | 2020 |
The Usefulness of Diagnostic Panels Based on Circulating Adipocytokines/Regulatory Peptides, Renal Function Tests, Insulin Resistance Indicators and Lipid-Carbohydrate Metabolism Parameters in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Obesi
Topics: Adipokines; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fibr | 2020 |
The effects of high-fat diet and metformin on urinary metabolites in diabetes and prediabetes rat models.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; | 2021 |
Metformin Should Not Be Used to Treat Prediabetes.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Dia | 2020 |
Epigenetic markers associated with metformin response and intolerance in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA Methylation; Epigenesis, Genetic; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2020 |
Metformin Is Associated with Reduced Tissue Factor Procoagulant Activity in Patients with Poorly Controlled Diabetes.
Topics: C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Resistance; Female; Fibrinolytic Agents; Glycate | 2021 |
The position of SGLT2 inhibitors in current medicine.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agent | 2020 |
Investigation of plasma asprosin and saliva levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with metformin.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fibrillin | 2021 |
Age at diagnosis, glycemic trajectories, and responses to oral glucose-lowering drugs in type 2 diabetes in Hong Kong: A population-based observational study.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pepti | 2020 |
Metformin in women with type 2 diabetes in pregnancy.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pr | 2020 |
The effect of metformin treatment on the basal and gonadotropin-stimulated steroidogenesis in male rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Male; Metformin; Rats; | 2020 |
Risk of Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes With COVID-19: A Preliminary Retrospective Report.
Topics: Aged; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; Blood Glucose; COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; H | 2020 |
Validity of the Good Practice Guidelines: The example of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidence-Based Medicine; Glycemic Control; Humans; Meta-Analysis as Topic | 2020 |
Comment on Flory et al. Reports of Lactic Acidosis Attributed to Metformin, 2015-2018. Diabetes Care 2020;43:244-246.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2020 |
Response to Comment on Flory et al. Reports of Lactic Acidosis Attributed to Metformin, 2015-2018. Diabetes Care 2020;43:244-246.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2020 |
Alteration of salivary microbiome in periodontitis with or without type-2 diabetes mellitus and metformin treatment.
Topics: Adult; Bacteroidetes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformi | 2020 |
Metformin Should Be Used to Treat Prediabetes in Selected Individuals.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Prediabetic State | 2020 |
Metformin usage and the risk of colorectal cancer: a national cohort study.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; | 2021 |
Metformin downregulates miR223 expression in insulin-resistant 3T3L1 cells and human diabetic adipose tissue.
Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; Adipocytes; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Transporter Ty | 2020 |
Antidiabetes Agents and Incident Depression: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antidepressive Agents; Denmark; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2020 |
The impact of metformin on survival in patients with melanoma-national cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2020 |
To the Editor.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Trinidad and Tobago | 2020 |
The Authors Reply.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Trinidad and Tobago | 2020 |
Vitamin D3 deficiency is associated with more severe insulin resistance and metformin use in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Cholecalciferol; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabe | 2020 |
Is metformin associated with acute kidney injury? A case-control study of patients with type 2 diabetes admitted with acute infection.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibi | 2021 |
The Effect of Body Mass Index and Metformin on Matrix Gene Expression in Arthritic Primary Human Chondrocytes.
Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Cartilage, Articular; Chondrocytes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gene | 2021 |
Protective effect of acorn (Quercus liaotungensis Koidz) on streptozotocin-damaged MIN6 cells and type 2 diabetic rats via p38 MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cell Line; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose- | 2021 |
Long-term metformin treatment and risk of peripheral neuropathy in older Veterans.
Topics: Aged; Alcoholism; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Neuropathies; Female; Humans; | 2020 |
Disparate Effects of Metformin on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Mice.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; | 2020 |
Neopterin and biopterin levels and tryptophan degradation in patients with diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biopterins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus | 2020 |
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes, without cardiovascular or renal disease.
Topics: Administrative Claims, Healthcare; Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Databases, Factual; Diabete | 2020 |
TSH lowering effects of metformin: a possible mechanism of action.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Receptor Substrat | 2021 |
Alterations of Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes Individuals and the Confounding Effect of Antidiabetic Agents.
Topics: Adult; Bacteria; Biodiversity; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA; | 2020 |
'Doctor, will this medicine give me cancer?': Lessons from nitrosamines and extended-release metformin.
Topics: Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Industry; Drug-Related Side Effects and | 2021 |
Selenium nanoparticles and metformin ameliorate streptozotocin-instigated brain oxidative-inflammatory stress and neurobehavioral alterations in rats.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Caspase 3; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; | 2021 |
Depression and antecedent medication adherence in a cohort of new metformin users.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Depressive Disorder; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ma | 2021 |
Metformin reduces the increased risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma recurrence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cohort study with propensity score analyses.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypog | 2020 |
Metformin enhances anti-mycobacterial responses by educating CD8+ T-cell immunometabolic circuits.
Topics: Animals; BCG Vaccine; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Guinea Pigs; Hu | 2020 |
Metformin use in elderly population with diabetes reduced the risk of dementia in a dose-dependent manner, based on the Korean NHIS-HEALS cohort.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Dementia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; | 2020 |
Increased osteoprotegerin level is associated with impaired cardiovagal modulation in type-2 diabetic patients treated with oral antidiabetic drugs.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Biomarkers; Cardiometabolic Risk Factors; Case-Control Studies; Diabete | 2020 |
Comment on Kwon et al. The Long-term Effects of Metformin on Patients With Type 2 Diabetic Kidney Disease. Diabetes Care 2020;43:948-955.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2020 |
Response to Comment on Kwon et al. The Long-term Effects of Metformin on Patients With Type 2 Diabetic Kidney Disease. Diabetes Care 2020;43:948-955.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2020 |
Risk Factors for Sarcopenia in the Elderly with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Effect of Metformin.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exer | 2020 |
Glycemic control in youth-onset type 2 diabetes correlates with weight loss.
Topics: Adolescent; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Glycemic | 2020 |
Metformin and Gastrointestinal Cancer Development in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Study in Korea.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Child, Preschool; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fema | 2020 |
Repaglinide and Metformin-Loaded Amberlite Resin-Based Floating Microspheres for the Effective Management of Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Metformin; Mice; Mi | 2021 |
Treatment intensification in type 2 diabetes management after the failure of two oral hypoglycemic agents: A non-interventional comparative study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hy | 2021 |
Antidiabetic medication use in commercially insured children and adolescents in the United States from 2004 to 2019.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Medicatio | 2021 |
Cardiovascular Safety of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors as Add-on to Metformin Monotherapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Humans; Metformin; Myocardial Infarct | 2021 |
Baseline gut microbiome composition predicts metformin therapy short-term efficacy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients.
Topics: Adult; Bacteroidetes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Lactoc | 2020 |
Does metformin do more benefit or harm in chronic kidney disease patients?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic | 2020 |
Metformin in chronic kidney disease: a strong dose of caution.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Renal Insuffici | 2020 |
Budget Impact of Oral Semaglutide Intensification versus Sitagliptin among US Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Uncontrolled with Metformin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptides; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2021 |
The Effects of Altered Endometrial Glucose Homeostasis on Embryo Implantation in Type 2 Diabetic Mice.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; | 2021 |
Metformin dosage patterns in type 2 diabetes patients in a real-world setting in the United States.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Mid | 2021 |
Metformin chlorination byproducts in drinking water exhibit marked toxicities of a potential health concern.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disinfection; Drinking Water; Halogenation; Metformin; Mice; Wat | 2021 |
Is there an association between metformin use and clinical outcomes in diabetes patients with COVID-19?
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Aged; Cardiotonic Agents; COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Extracorp | 2021 |
Metformin as a potential therapeutic for neurological disease: mobilizing AMPK to repair the nervous system.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Neurons; Neuro | 2021 |
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor versus metformin as first-line therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a multi-institution database study.
Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus | 2020 |
Management guideline for Werner syndrome 2020. 3. Diabetes associated with Werner syndrome.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformi | 2021 |
Time trends in diabetes medication prescription and factors associated with metformin discontinuation in people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: A national population-based study.
Topics: Age Factors; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Prescriptions; Female; France; Humans; | 2021 |
Metformin treatment and gastrointestinal symptoms in youth: Findings from a large tertiary care referral center.
Topics: Adolescent; Cross-Sectional Studies; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; | 2021 |
Does background metformin therapy influence the cardiovascular outcomes with SGLT-2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes?
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metfo | 2021 |
Population pharmacokinetics and dosing optimization of metformin in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Male; Metformin; M | 2020 |
A rapid, simple and ultrasensitive spectrofluorimetric method for the direct detection of metformin in real samples based on a nanoquenching approach.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metal Nanoparticles; Metformin; Silver; Spectrometry, Fluorescenc | 2021 |
Metformin alters peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) senescence biomarkers gene expression in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cellular Senescence; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; G | 2021 |
Mortality and other adverse outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted for COVID-19 in association with glucose-lowering drugs: a nationwide cohort study.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Betacoronavirus; Cohort Studies; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Diabetes | 2020 |
Metformin and proliferation of cancer cell lines.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line; Cell Proliferation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; | 2020 |
Metformin Use and Leukemia Risk in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Leukemia; Male; Metformin; Middle Ag | 2020 |
Prevention of CV outcomes in antihyperglycaemic drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes with, or at elevated risk of, ASCVD: to start or not to start with metformin.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pharmace | 2021 |
[Starting insulin or not? And if so, which basal insulin?]
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Glycemic C | 2020 |
Metformin induced lactic acidosis impaired response of cancer cells towards paclitaxel and doxorubicin: Role of monocarboxylate transporter.
Topics: A549 Cells; Acidosis, Lactic; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2021 |
Pre-diabetes and COVID-19, could we be missing the silent killer?
Topics: Blood Glucose; Comorbidity; COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metfor | 2021 |
Impact of metformin therapy on health-related quality of life outcomes in tuberculosis patients with diabetes mellitus in India: A prospective study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; India; Male; Metformin; Middle Aged; Prospec | 2021 |
Dose-dependent accumulation of glucose in the intestinal wall and lumen induced by metformin as revealed by
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Glucose; Humans; Intestines; Magnetic Resonance I | 2021 |
The impact of Sample Handling Time on metformin serum concentration.
Topics: Blood Specimen Collection; Centrifugation; Chromatography, Liquid; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug M | 2021 |
The impact of Sample Handling Time on metformin serum concentration.
Topics: Blood Specimen Collection; Centrifugation; Chromatography, Liquid; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug M | 2021 |
The impact of Sample Handling Time on metformin serum concentration.
Topics: Blood Specimen Collection; Centrifugation; Chromatography, Liquid; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug M | 2021 |
The impact of Sample Handling Time on metformin serum concentration.
Topics: Blood Specimen Collection; Centrifugation; Chromatography, Liquid; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug M | 2021 |
First-line treatment for type 2 diabetes: is it too early to abandon metformin?
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Humans; Hypo | 2020 |
Cardiovascular events and mortality among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients newly prescribed first-line blood glucose-lowering drugs monotherapies: A population-based cohort study in the Catalan electronic medical record database, SIDIAP, 2010-2015.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptid | 2021 |
Higher ACE2 expression levels in epicardial cells than subcutaneous stromal cells from patients with cardiovascular disease: Diabetes and obesity as possible enhancer.
Topics: ADAM17 Protein; Adipogenesis; Adipose Tissue; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme | 2021 |
Outcomes after surgery in patients with diabetes who used metformin: a retrospective cohort study based on a real-world database.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Male; Metformin; Retr | 2020 |
Metformin use is associated with a lower risk of osteoporosis/vertebral fracture in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Incidence; | 2021 |
Association of Metformin, Other Antidiabetic Medications, and Statins With Incidence of Colon Cancer in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Colonic Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2021 |
Perioperative management of metformin: is there something new?
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Perioperative P | 2020 |
Metformin use is associated with a reduced risk of mortality in patients with diabetes hospitalised for COVID-19.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Hypog | 2021 |
Association of metformin with mortality or ARDS in patients with COVID-19 and type 2 diabetes: A retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Aged; China; Cohort Studies; COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; M | 2021 |
Order of discontinuation of glucose-lowering medications following bariatric surgery.
Topics: Bariatric Surgery; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Female; Humans; Hy | 2021 |
The Association between Antidiabetic Agents and Leukocyte Telomere Length in the Novel Classification of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Acarbose; Aged; Cellular Senescence; Cluster Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hy | 2021 |
Is metformin a miracle or a menace in COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes?
Topics: Acidosis; COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Metformin; SA | 2021 |
[Family diabetes and main noncommunicable diseases: The described and potential effect of metformin (remembering Vladimir Dilman).]
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Geriatrics; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Noncommunicable | 2020 |
Metformin adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes and its association with glycated haemoglobin levels.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ma | 2020 |
[Early intensification of glucose-lowering therapy: VERIFY lessons and real clinical practice on the example of the Moscow region diabetes register data].
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Moscow | 2020 |
Metformin use and long-term risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a population-based cohort study.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Prostatic H | 2020 |
Metformin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced epithelial cell senescence by activating autophagy.
Topics: Acute Lung Injury; Animals; Autophagy; Autophagy-Related Protein 5; Cell Line; Cellular Senescence; | 2021 |
Metformin -associated lactic acidosis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2020 |
Decreased risk of cholangiocarcinoma in diabetic patients treated with metformin.
Topics: Bile Duct Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Cholangiocarcinoma; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endemic Diseas | 2020 |
Cardiovascular and renal safety of metformin in patients with diabetes and moderate or severe chronic kidney disease: Observations from the EXSCEL and SAVOR-TIMI 53 cardiovascular outcomes trials.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Kidney; Metf | 2021 |
Spatial analysis of metformin use compared with nicotine and caffeine consumption through wastewater-based epidemiology in China.
Topics: Caffeine; China; Cities; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Spatial | 2021 |
Efficacy of liraglutide on glycemic endpoints in people of Western European and South Asian descent with T2DM using multiple daily insulin injections: results of the MAGNA VICTORIA studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Asia; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedul | 2021 |
Association between metformin use on admission and outcomes in intensive care unit patients with acute kidney injury and type 2 diabetes: A retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Critical Care; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Metform | 2021 |
miR-378a-3p Participates in Metformin's Mechanism of Action on C2C12 Cells under Hyperglycemia.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Cell Proliferation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2021 |
Metformin ameliorates ROS-p53-collagen axis of fibrosis and dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus-induced left ventricular injury.
Topics: Animals; Collagen; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dyslipidemias; Fibros | 2023 |
Metformin Use in Diabetes Prior to Hospitalization: Effects on Mortality in Covid-19.
Topics: China; COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hospitalization; Humans; Metformin; Retrospective Studie | 2020 |
The usefulness of measuring the anion gap in diagnosing metformin-associated lactic acidosis: a case series.
Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anions; Cations; Diabetes Mellitus | 2021 |
The relationship between exacerbated diabetic peripheral neuropathy and metformin treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Neuropathies; Female; Homocysteine; Humans; Male; Metformin; Met | 2021 |
Evaluation of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors versus Thiazolidinediones or Insulin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Uncontrolled with Metformin and a Sulfonylurea in a Real-World Setting.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; | 2020 |
Progressive Shifts in the Gut Microbiome Reflect Prediabetes and Diabetes Development in a Treatment-Naive Mexican Cohort.
Topics: Bacteria; Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Feces; Gastrointestinal M | 2020 |
[News in Diabetology 2020].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; General Practitioners; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Sodium-Glu | 2021 |
Diabetes, metformin and breast cancer: a tangled web.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Prospective Stu | 2021 |
A prospective study of type 2 diabetes, metformin use, and risk of breast cancer.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metfo | 2021 |
Metformin Associates With Aggressive Features of Endometrial Cancer in Women With Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endometrial Neoplasms; Female; Finland; Humans; | 2021 |
Targeting of the diabetes prevention program leads to substantial benefits when capacity is constrained.
Topics: Adult; Cohort Studies; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Health Services Acc | 2021 |
Metformin and risk of mortality in patients hospitalised with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort analysis.
Topics: Cohort Studies; COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Male; Metformin; Obesity; Retro | 2021 |
Clinical Evidence of Evogliptin plus Metformin in Management of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2021 |
Quantifying Variation in Treatment Utilization for Type 2 Diabetes Across Five Major University of California Health Systems.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Retrospective Studies; Sulfonylur | 2021 |
Lactic acidosis incidence with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: A retrospective nested case-control study.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; | 2021 |
Deletion of intestinal epithelial AMP-activated protein kinase alters distal colon permeability but not glucose homeostasis.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Bacteria; Colon; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; | 2021 |
Metformin Is Associated With a Lower Risk of Atrial Fibrillation and Ventricular Arrhythmias Compared With Sulfonylureas: An Observational Study.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Atrial Fibrillation; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Thera | 2021 |
Combined Effects of Methoprene and Metformin on Reproduction, Longevity, and Stress Resistance in Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae): Implications for the Sterile Insect Technique.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Longevity; Male; Metformin; Methoprene; Reproduction; Se | 2021 |
Does Metformin Modulate Mitochondrial Dynamics and Function in Type 2 Diabetic Patients?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dynamins; GTP Phosphohydrolases; Humans; Membrane Proteins; Metformin; Mi | 2021 |
Association of Metformin with Susceptibility to COVID-19 in People with Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Kapl | 2021 |
The effect of the anti-diabetic drug metformin on musculoskeletal pain: A cross-sectional study with 21,889 individuals from the UK biobank.
Topics: Biological Specimen Banks; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Male; | 2021 |
Vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using metformin and the associated factors in Saudi Arabia.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; | 2021 |
Type-2 diabetes patients at high risk for cardiovascular events: time to challenge the 'metformin-always first' paradigm.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2021 |
Prescribing in Type 2 Diabetes Patients With and Without Cardiovascular Disease History: A Descriptive Analysis in the UK CPRD.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Di | 2021 |
Metformin use and risk of COVID-19 among patients with type II diabetes mellitus: an NHIS-COVID-19 database cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; COVID-19; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hospital Morta | 2021 |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, glycaemic control, associated therapies and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Blood Glucose; Databases, Fact | 2021 |
Metformin doses to ensure efficacy and safety in patients with reduced kidney function.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Dosage Calculations; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agent | 2021 |
Hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state in an obese prepubertal girl with type 2 diabetes: case report and critical approach to diagnosis and therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Com | 2021 |
Evaluation of the metformin initiation rate in veterans with newly identified type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Retrospectiv | 2021 |
Effects of metformin on the osteogenesis of alveolar BMSCs from diabetic patients and implant osseointegration in rats.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem | 2022 |
Association of metformin and development of dry age-related macular degeneration in a U.S. insurance claims database.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Insurance; Macular Degene | 2022 |
Metformin restores hippocampal neurogenesis and learning and memory via regulating gut microbiota in the obese mouse model.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Hippocampus; Metfor | 2021 |
Evolution of liver fibrosis and steatosis markers in patients with type 2 diabetes after metformin treatment for 2 years.
Topics: Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Metformin; Middle Aged | 2021 |
Exploration of SQC Formula Effect on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Whole Transcriptome Profile in Rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drugs, Chinese H | 2021 |
The Effect of Metformin on Survival Outcomes of Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease-Free Survival; Female; | 2021 |
Impacts of early insulin treatment vs glimepiride in diabetic patients with background metformin therapy: A nationwide retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2021 |
Trans-ethnic gut microbiota signatures of type 2 diabetes in Denmark and India.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Denmark; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ethnicity; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Hum | 2021 |
Preventive Metformin Monotherapy Medication Prescription, Redemption and Socioeconomic Status in Hungary in 2018-2019: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Europe; Humans; Hungary; Hypoglycemic Agents; Me | 2021 |
Gut microbiota compositions and metabolic functions in type 2 diabetes differ with glycemic durability to metformin monotherapy.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Metformin; Microbiota; | 2021 |
[Continuing or stopping metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes exposed to SARS-CoV-2 ?]
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; SARS- | 2021 |
Development and Internal Validation of A Prediction Tool To Assist Clinicians Selecting Second-Line Therapy Following Metformin Monotherapy For Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hum | 2021 |
Genetically proxied growth-differentiation factor 15 levels and body mass index.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Obesity; Weight Loss | 2021 |
Therapeutic Strategy for Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2021 |
Comment on Samara et al. Metformin Use Is Associated With Slowed Cognitive Decline and Reduced Incident Dementia in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: The Sydney Memory and Ageing Study. Diabetes Care 2020;43:2691-2701.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Cognitive Dysfunction; Dementia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin | 2021 |
Response to Comment on Samara et al. Metformin Use Is Associated With Slowed Cognitive Decline and Reduced Incident Dementia in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: The Sydney Memory and Ageing Study. Diabetes Care 2020;43:2691-2701.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Cognitive Dysfunction; Dementia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin | 2021 |
Effects of metformin, insulin on COVID-19 patients with pre-existed type 2 diabetes: A multicentral retrospective study.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; China; COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; H | 2021 |
Association of glycemia with insulin sensitivity and β-cell function in adults with early type 2 diabetes on metformin alone.
Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; H | 2021 |
Metformin in the era of new antidiabetics.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2021 |
Comparative evaluation of metformin and liraglutide cardioprotective effect in rats with impaired glucose tolerance.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cardiotonic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental | 2021 |
Profiling immuno-metabolic mediators of vitamin B12 deficiency among metformin-treated type 2 diabetic patients in Ghana.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Ghana; Humans; Male; Metformin; Midd | 2021 |
Management of patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in primary care.
Topics: Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformi | 2021 |
Metformin Use Is Associated with Fewer Complications in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.
Topics: Aged; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Incidence; Length | 2021 |
Pharmacoeconomic Analysis of Sitagliptin/Metformin for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cost-Effectiveness Study.
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Economics, Pharmaceutical; Ecuador; Humans; Hypogl | 2021 |
Metformin Attenuates Monosodium-Iodoacetate-Induced Osteoarthritis via Regulation of Pain Mediators and the Autophagy-Lysosomal Pathway.
Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Experimental; Celecoxib; Chondrocytes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models | 2021 |
Gut microbiota dysbiosis in stable coronary artery disease combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus influences cardiovascular prognosis.
Topics: Aged; Bacteria; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Clostridiales; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes M | 2021 |
Choice of Intensive Lifestyle Change and/or Metformin after Shared Decision Making for Diabetes Prevention: Results from the Prediabetes Informed Decisions and Education (PRIDE) Study.
Topics: Decision Making, Shared; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; | 2021 |
Metformin Strongly Affects Gut Microbiome Composition in High-Fat Diet-Induced Type 2 Diabetes Mouse Model of Both Sexes.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Gastrointestinal | 2021 |
Vanillin exerts therapeutic effects against hyperglycemia-altered glucose metabolism and purinergic activities in testicular tissues of diabetic rats.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Antioxidants; Benzaldehydes; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experi | 2021 |
Careful use to minimize adverse events of oral antidiabetic medications in the elderly.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Me | 2021 |
Black Race Coefficient in GFR Estimation and Diabetes Medications in CKD: National Estimates.
Topics: Aged; Black or African American; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glomerular Filtratio | 2021 |
Metformin and cancer-specific survival among breast, colorectal, or endometrial cancer patients: A nationwide data linkage study.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Breast Neoplasms; Cohort Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms; Data Analysis; Diab | 2021 |
Long-term metformin use and risk of pneumonia and related death in type 2 diabetes: a registry-based cohort study.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Asian People; Blood Glucose; China; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2021 |
Effects of continuous use of metformin on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes after acute myocardial infarction: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; H | 2021 |
Metformin's Therapeutic Efficacy in the Treatment of Diabetes Does Not Involve Inhibition of Mitochondrial Glycerol Phosphate Dehydrogenase.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gluconeogenesis; Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; Humans; Male; | 2021 |
Associations between second-line glucose-lowering combination therapies with metformin and HbA1c, body weight, quality of life, hypoglycaemic events and glucose-lowering treatment intensification: The DISCOVER study.
Topics: Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2021 |
The role of nursing care in the type 2 diabetes treatment associated with chronic liver diseases.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Gliclazide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liraglutide; Metformi | 2022 |
Association between metformin and physical activity with glucose control in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Female; Glycated H | 2021 |
Metformin, the gut microbiome and neurogenesis: Lessons learned in rebirth of an old drug.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Hippocampus; Metformin; Mice; Mice, | 2021 |
Ambulatory noninsulin treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the United States, 2015 to 2019.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy | 2021 |
Patterns of metformin monotherapy discontinuation and reinitiation in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in New Zealand.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; M | 2021 |
Determinants of treatment modification before and after implementation of the updated 2015 NICE guideline on type 2 diabetes: A retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2021 |
Making sense of associations between type 2 diabetes, metformin, and breast cancer risk.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Metformin; Prospective Studies; Recepto | 2021 |
The Association Between Second-Line Oral Antihyperglycemic Medication on Types of Dementia in Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Real-World Longitudinal Study.
Topics: Aged; Databases, Factual; Dementia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D | 2021 |
Metformin Exposure and Risk of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Birth Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Humans; Hypertensi | 2021 |
Next generation plasma proteome profiling to monitor health and disease.
Topics: Aged; Blood Proteins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Early Diagnosis; Female; Genetic Variation; High-Th | 2021 |
The gut microbial metabolite imidazole propionate inhibits metformin action.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Imidazole | 2021 |
Chickpea Extract Ameliorates Metabolic Syndrome Symptoms via Restoring Intestinal Ecology and Metabolic Profile in Type 2 Diabetic Rats.
Topics: Animals; Cicer; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; Dysbiosi | 2021 |
Reduced Mortality Associated With the Use of Metformin Among Patients With Autoimmune Diseases.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Autoimmune Diseases; Cell Proliferation; Databases, Factual; Diabete | 2021 |
Diabetes: Screening, Diagnosis, and Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Mass Screening | 2021 |
Diabetes: Pharmacotherapy for Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformi | 2021 |
Bone Marrow Adiposity in Premenopausal Women With Type 2 Diabetes With Observations on Peri-Trabecular Adipocytes.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adipocytes; Adiposity; Adult; Bone Density; Bone Marrow; Cross-Sectional Stu | 2021 |
Metformin improves the outcomes in Chinese invasive breast cancer patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Middle | 2021 |
Real-world treatment escalation from metformin monotherapy in youth-onset Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Adolescent; Age of Onset; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Human | 2021 |
First-line Treatment with Empagliflozin and Metformin Combination Versus Standard Care for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease in Qatar. A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glu | 2022 |
The extrapyramidal syndromes of chronic kidney disease and dialysis (EPS-CKDD): diagnostic criteria, risk factors and prognosis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Child, Preschool; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Human | 2022 |
Case 15-2021: A 76-Year-Old Woman with Nausea, Diarrhea, and Acute Kidney Failure.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Coronary Artery Disease; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2021 |
Metformin hydrochloride action on cell membrane N-cadherin expression and cell nucleus revealed by SERS nanoprobes.
Topics: Cadherins; Cell Membrane; Cell Nucleus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metal Nanoparticles; Metf | 2021 |
Symptomatic Hypoglycemia During Treatment with a Therapeutic Dose of Metformin.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; | 2021 |
Characteristics and treatment patterns of patients with type 2 diabetes in Lebanon: the DISCOVER study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lebanon; | 2021 |
Metformin mediates MicroRNA-21 regulated circulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 in diabetic nephropathy: an in-silico and clinical study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Humans; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Metformin; Mi | 2023 |
Metformin-Loaded Polymer-Based Microbubbles/Nanoparticles Generated for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Microbubbles; Nanoparticles; Polymers | 2022 |
More Than Meets the Eye: A Patient with Hand Swelling and Newly Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Amlodipine; Anemia; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Sedimentation; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes | 2021 |
Effects of omega-3 fatty acids and metformin combination on diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats through autophagic pathway.
Topics: Animals; Autophagy; Calcineurin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies; Diet, High-Fa | 2021 |
Metformin and primary bone cancer risk in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Male; Metformin; | 2021 |
Metformin use is associated with a reduced risk of acute appendicitis in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Appendicitis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Prescriptions; Female; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2021 |
Enabling the direct compression of metformin hydrochloride through QESD crystallization.
Topics: Crystallization; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Compounding; Emulsions; Humans; Metformin; Solvents | 2021 |
Treatment options following metformin in primary prevention populations with type 2 diabetes: which is the right road to take?
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Primary | 2021 |
The effects of blood glucose regulation and treatment regime on mean platelet volume in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2021 |
Gastroretentive Metformin Loaded Nanoparticles for the Effective Management of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Liberation; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2022 |
Ertugliflozin + metformin as a treatment option for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Met | 2021 |
First-line pharmacotherapy for incident type 2 diabetes: Prescription patterns, adherence and associated costs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alberta; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Costs; Female; Follow-Up Studies; | 2021 |
Diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study.
Topics: Age Factors; Albuminuria; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabete | 2021 |
What helps and hinders metformin adherence and persistence? A qualitative study exploring the views of people with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Hypog | 2021 |
Dashboards to reduce inappropriate prescribing of metformin and aspirin: A quality assurance programme in a primary care sentinel network.
Topics: Aspirin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Inappropriate Prescribing; Metformin; Primary Health Car | 2021 |
Prevalence of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure, and Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Primary Care Research Network-based Study.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metf | 2022 |
The gut microbiome and type 2 diabetes status in the Multiethnic Cohort.
Topics: Aged; Bacteria; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Feces; Female; G | 2021 |
Secondary metformin monotherapy failure in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Me | 2021 |
Metformin in Combination with Malvidin Prevents Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Improving Lipid and Glucose Metabolisms, and Inhibiting Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes Rats.
Topics: Animals; Anthocyanins; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progressi | 2021 |
Comparative effectiveness and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors versus metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: An observational study using data from routine care.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metfo | 2021 |
Outcomes of second-line oral antidiabetic drugs in persons with young-onset type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hy | 2021 |
An adjuvant effect of Metformin as an anti-fibrotic agent when administered with the anti-schistosomal Praziquantel in Schistosoma mansoni infected mice.
Topics: Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; Animals; Anthelmintics; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fibrosis; Granuloma; Mal | 2021 |
Comparative Effectiveness of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors vs Sulfonylureas in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Albuminuria; Cardiovascular Diseases; Comparative Effectiveness Research; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2021 |
Ethnic, social and multimorbidity disparities in therapeutic inertia: A UK primary care observational study in patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Me | 2021 |
The genetic association of the transcription factor NPAT with glycemic response to metformin involves regulation of fuel selection.
Topics: Animals; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; Blood Glucose; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cell Line, Tumo | 2021 |
Suppressor of cytokine signalling-2 controls hepatic gluconeogenesis and hyperglycemia by modulating JAK2/STAT5 signalling pathway.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Dia | 2021 |
Metformin use and cirrhotic decompensation in patients with type 2 diabetes and liver cirrhosis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liver Cirrhosis; Metformin; Proportional Haz | 2022 |
Metformin Targets Foxo1 to Control Glucose Homeostasis.
Topics: Animals; Aspirin; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; | 2021 |
Initial treatment of diabetes in Italy. A nationwide population-based study from of the ARNO Diabetes Observatory.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Child; Child, Preschool; Data | 2021 |
Risk of Death and Heart Failure among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Treated by Metformin and Nonmetformin Monotherapy: A Real-World Study.
Topics: Aged; Benzamides; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Di | 2021 |
Insulin resistance and NAFLD may influence memory performance in obese patients with prediabetes or newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Age Factors; Blood Glucose; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hum | 2021 |
Impact of SGLT2 inhibitors in comparison with DPP4 inhibitors on ascites and death in veterans with cirrhosis on metformin.
Topics: Ascites; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Huma | 2021 |
Data-Driven Cluster Analysis of Oxidative Stress Indexes in relation to Vitamin D Level, Age, and Metabolic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes on Metformin Therapy.
Topics: Age Factors; Cluster Analysis; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fe | 2021 |
Is time ready for combination therapy at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes?
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Humans; Hypogl | 2021 |
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agent | 2021 |
Antidiabetic drug metformin disrupts the embryogenesis in zebrafish through an oxidative stress mechanism.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Embryonic Development; Female; Hypoglycemi | 2021 |
Comparing cardiovascular benefits between GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors as an add-on to metformin among patients with type 2 diabetes: A retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Humans; | 2021 |
Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in older adults: eight case studies with focus SGLT-2 inhibitors and metformin.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Frailty; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2022 |
Metformin use may be associated with reduced risk-adjusted mortality in patients with AKI and diabetes in the ICU: If associated with lactic acidosis, especially in shocked patients, we need to eliminate it as quickly as possible through RRT!
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inten | 2021 |
Transporters, TBC1D4, and ARID5B Variants to Explain Glycated Hemoglobin Variability in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA-Bind | 2021 |
Trajectories in glycated hemoglobin and body mass index in children and adolescents with diabetes using the common data model.
Topics: Adolescent; Body Mass Index; Child; Child, Preschool; Common Data Elements; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2021 |
Clinical Characteristics and Risk of Diabetic Complications in Data-Driven Clusters Among Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Pressure; China; Cluster Analysis; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2021 |
Metformin prevents p-tau and amyloid plaque deposition and memory impairment in diabetic mice.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitu | 2021 |
Metformin Use and Risk of Asthma Exacerbation Among Asthma Patients with Glycemic Dysfunction.
Topics: Adult; Asthma; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hospitalization; Humans; Metformin; R | 2021 |
Metformin inhibits MAPK signaling and rescues pancreatic aquaporin 7 expression to induce insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Animals; Aquaporins; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Di | 2021 |
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Fats; DNA, Bacterial; Gas | 2021 |
Metformin Transport Rates Between Plasma and Red Blood Cells in Humans.
Topics: Biological Transport; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Erythrocytes; Humans; Metformin; Time Factors | 2022 |
Metformin attenuates vascular pathology by increasing expression of insulin-degrading enzyme in a mixed model of cerebral amyloid angiopathy and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Diabetes M | 2021 |
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Used Concomitantly with Insulin Secretagogues and the Risk of Serious Hypoglycemia.
Topics: Administrative Claims, Healthcare; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors | 2022 |
Long-Term Complications in Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dyslipidemias; Female; Follow- | 2021 |
Long-Term Complications in Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dyslipidemias; Female; Follow- | 2021 |
Long-Term Complications in Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dyslipidemias; Female; Follow- | 2021 |
Long-Term Complications in Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dyslipidemias; Female; Follow- | 2021 |
Long-Term Complications in Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dyslipidemias; Female; Follow- | 2021 |
Long-Term Complications in Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dyslipidemias; Female; Follow- | 2021 |
Long-Term Complications in Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dyslipidemias; Female; Follow- | 2021 |
Long-Term Complications in Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dyslipidemias; Female; Follow- | 2021 |
Long-Term Complications in Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dyslipidemias; Female; Follow- | 2021 |
Analysis of the Adherence and Safety of Second Oral Glucose-Lowering Therapy in Routine Practice From the Mediterranean Area: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Female; Fo | 2021 |
L-ergothioneine and its combination with metformin attenuates renal dysfunction in type-2 diabetic rat model by activating Nrf2 antioxidant pathway.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropa | 2021 |
Metformin use and the risk of anal intraepithelial neoplasia in type II diabetic patients.
Topics: Anus Neoplasms; Carcinoma in Situ; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformi | 2021 |
Comparison of the Effects of Various Antidiabetic Medication on Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Bone Density; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Prospective Studies | 2021 |
Potential intrinsic subtype dependence on the association between metformin use and survival in surgically resected breast cancer: a Korean national population-based study.
Topics: Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Metformin; Republic of Korea | 2021 |
Population diversity of three variants of the SLC47A2 gene (MATE2-K transporter) in Mexican Mestizos and Native Americans.
Topics: Alleles; American Indian or Alaska Native; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gene Frequency; Genetics, Popu | 2021 |
Cost-Effectiveness of Empagliflozin and Metformin Combination Versus Standard Care as First-Line Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Australia; Benzhydryl Compounds; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucosides; Human | 2022 |
Metformin alleviates choline diet-induced TMAO elevation in C57BL/6J mice by influencing gut-microbiota composition and functionality.
Topics: Akkermansia; Animals; Atherosclerosis; Bifidobacterium; Choline; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Dy | 2021 |
Initiation of metformin in MELAS patient-a dangerous combination.
Topics: Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; MELAS Syndrome; Metformin | 2022 |
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor cardiovascular safety in patients with type 2 diabetes, with cardiovascular and renal disease: a retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV I | 2021 |
Treatment pathways in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a nationwide cohort study of new users of metformin monotherapy in New Zealand.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; New Zealand | 2021 |
TAMEing ADPKD with metformin: safe and effective?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Domi | 2021 |
PD-L1 degradation is regulated by electrostatic membrane association of its cytoplasmic domain.
Topics: B7-H1 Antigen; Cell Membrane; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Immunotherapy; Membra | 2021 |
Glucose-lowering drug use and new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Atrial Fibrillation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2021 |
Metformin and Risk of Malignant Brain Tumors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Brain Neoplasms; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; M | 2021 |
The Gut Microbiome, Metformin, and Aging.
Topics: Aging; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformi | 2022 |
Vitamin D3 potentiates the nephroprotective effects of vildagliptin-metformin combination in a rat model of metabolic syndrome.
Topics: Adamantane; Animals; Cholecalciferol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; | 2022 |
Impact of health policy and practice on finding the best fit for patients with type 2 diabetes after metformin failure: Croatian pilot study.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Clinical Decisi | 2017 |
Differential increments of basal glucagon-like-1 peptide concentration among SLC47A1 rs2289669 genotypes were associated with inter-individual variability in glycaemic response to metformin in Chinese people with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; China; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Resistance; Female; Follow-Up Studies; | 2017 |
Rapid Onset of Diabetic Ketoacidosis After SGLT2 Inhibition in a Patient With Unrecognized Acromegaly.
Topics: Adenoma; Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Drug Therapy, Combi | 2017 |
[Accumulation of Metformin-associated Lactic Acidosis].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diagnosis, Differential; Femal | 2017 |
The effects of dual-therapy intensification with insulin or dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitor on cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: A retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cause of Death; Chi-Square Distribution; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidas | 2017 |
Combined metformin and insulin treatment reverses metabolically impaired omental adipogenesis and accumulation of 4-hydroxynonenal in obese diabetic patients.
Topics: Adipocytes; Adipogenesis; Adult; Aldehydes; Bariatric Surgery; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2017 |
Refining metformin prescribing in New Zealand.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Dosage Calculations; Glomerular Filtr | 2017 |
Collaboration Is Key for Successful Treatment of Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Health; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Exercise; Family Relations; Healthy | 2017 |
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treatment Patterns Across Europe: A Population-based Multi-database Study.
Topics: Aged; Carbamates; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drug Uti | 2017 |
Antihyperglycemic drugs use and new-onset atrial fibrillation in elderly patients.
Topics: Acarbose; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Atrial Fibrillation; Case-Control Studies; Databases, Factual; Di | 2017 |
Empagliflozin/linagliptin single-pill combination therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhib | 2017 |
Understanding type 2 diabetes mellitus screening practices among primary care physicians: a qualitative chart-stimulated recall study.
Topics: Aged; Attitude of Health Personnel; Clinical Decision-Making; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Early Diagn | 2017 |
Metformin use and survival after non-small cell lung cancer: A cohort study in the US Military health system.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; H | 2017 |
Metformin Triggers Autophagy to Attenuate Drug-Induced Apoptosis in NSCLC Cells, with Minor Effects on Tumors of Diabetic Patients.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Cell Line, Tumor; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2017 |
Metformin improves in vivo and in vitro B cell function in individuals with obesity and Type-2 Diabetes.
Topics: Antibodies, Viral; B-Lymphocytes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Im | 2017 |
Metformin and the incidence of viral associated cancers in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformi | 2017 |
Exercise but not metformin improves health-related quality of life and mood states in older adults with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Affect; Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise Therapy; Female; Humans; Longitudi | 2017 |
Early Glycemic Control and Magnitude of HbA
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Denmark; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fe | 2017 |
Association between type 2 diabetes, curative treatment and survival in men with intermediate- and high-risk localized prostate cancer.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dyslipidemias; Humans; Hypertension | 2018 |
Effectiveness of vildagliptin as add-on to metformin monotherapy among uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in a real-world setting.
Topics: Adamantane; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Thera | 2018 |
Guideline: In type 2 diabetes, ACP recommends metformin monotherapy if drugs are needed for glycemic control.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hy | 2017 |
Review: HbA1c has low accuracy for prediabetes; lifestyle programs and metformin reduce progression to T2DM.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; Metformin; | 2017 |
Review: Metformin is linked to reduced mortality in type 2 diabetes with comorbid CKD and CHF.
Topics: Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Renal Insufficiency, | 2017 |
Gestational diabetes mellitus: Berlin and beyond.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Diet, Diabetic; Early Diagnosis; Female; Glycemic | 2017 |
Acute kidney injury, plasma lactate concentrations and lactic acidosis in metformin users: A GoDarts study.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Melli | 2017 |
Metformin as targeted treatment in fragile X syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Child; Child, Preschool; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fragile X Syndrome; Gluc | 2018 |
Metformin is associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes: A retrospective cohort analysis.
Topics: Aged; Colorectal Neoplasms; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2017 |
Recommendations on the effect of antidiabetic drugs in bone.
Topics: Aged; Bone Remodeling; Bone Resorption; Contraindications, Drug; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptid | 2017 |
Metformin and lung cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Comorbidity; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; | 2017 |
Reducing CV risk in diabetes: An ADA update.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Aspirin; Benzhydryl Compounds; Cardiovascular Diseases; Contraindications; | 2017 |
[The issues of metformin therapy requiring attention in clinic practice].
Topics: Attention; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Male; Metformin | 2017 |
Predicting the 6-month risk of severe hypoglycemia among adults with diabetes: Development and external validation of a prediction model.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Colorado; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Electronic Hea | 2017 |
Does Metformin Protect Diabetic Patients from Oxidative Stress and Leukocyte-Endothelium Interactions?
Topics: Aged; Catalase; Cell Adhesion; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelial Cells; Female; Glutathione Per | 2017 |
Development of a Novel Zebrafish Model for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Genetically Modified; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mel | 2017 |
Geographical variation in anti-diabetic prescribing in Ireland in 2013 and 2014: a cross-sectional analysis.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Geography, M | 2017 |
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: Moving towards a new paradigm?
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2017 |
Pathophysiological explanation of cardiovascular benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors by neurotrophic theory.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cytokines; Diabetes Mell | 2017 |
Incidence and Contributing Factors of Persistent Hyperglycemia at 6-12 Weeks Postpartum in Iranian Women with Gestational Diabetes: Results from LAGA Cohort Study.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Fasting; Fem | 2017 |
Metformin for high-altitude performance?
Topics: Altitude; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycogen; Humans; Metformin; Performance-Enhancing Substances | 2017 |
Metformin use in diabetics with diverticular disease is associated with reduced incidence of diverticulitis.
Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Australia; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2017 |
Metformin, Diabetes, and Survival among U.S. Veterans with Colorectal Cancer-Letter.
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Male; Metformin; United States; Vet | 2017 |
Metformin, Diabetes, and Survival among U.S. Veterans with Colorectal Cancer-Response.
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Male; Metformin; United States; Vet | 2017 |
Comment on Adam et al. Metformin Effect on Nontargeted Metabolite Profiles in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and in Multiple Murine Tissues. Diabetes 2016;65:3776-3785.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Mice | 2017 |
Response to Comment on Adam et al. Metformin Effect on Nontargeted Metabolite Profiles in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and in Multiple Murine Tissues. Diabetes 2016;65:3776-3785.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Mice | 2017 |
Effects of metformin on compensatory pancreatic β-cell hyperplasia in mice fed a high-fat diet.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Blood Glucose; Blotting, Western; Cell Line; Cell Proliferation; Chol | 2017 |
[Cardiovascular Effects of Antidiabetic Therapies].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2017 |
[Evaluation of primary adherence to medications in patients with chronic conditions: A retrospective cohort study].
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Breast Neoplasms; Chronic Disease; Cohort | 2018 |
Population pharmacokinetics of carvedilol enantiomers and their metabolites in healthy subjects and type-2 diabetes patients.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Blood Glucose; Carbazoles; Carvedilol; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; | 2017 |
Cardiovascular events associated with second-line anti-diabetes treatments: analysis of real-world Korean data.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; | 2017 |
Effectiveness and clinical inertia in patients with antidiabetic therapy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Colombia; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glyburide; Glycat | 2017 |
Risk of acute kidney injury and survival in patients treated with Metformin: an observational cohort study.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Age Distribution; Aged; Cohort Studies; Comorbidity; Diabetes | 2017 |
Metformin improves the glucose and lipid metabolism via influencing the level of serum total bile acids in rats with streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; | 2017 |
Prescription Patterns and Disease Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Nursing Home and Home Care Settings: A Retrospective Analysis in Germany.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Management; Drug Prescrip | 2018 |
Does metformin protect against osteoarthritis? An electronic health record cohort study.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Electronic Health Records; Female; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2017 |
Comparison of Antidiabetic Medications during the Treatment of Atherosclerosis in T2DM Patients.
Topics: Adult; Atherosclerosis; Blood Glucose; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dr | 2017 |
Metformin is not associated with lactic acidosis in patients with diabetes undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a case control study.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Coronary Artery Bypass; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fem | 2017 |
Gut microbiota: Trust your gut - metformin and diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformi | 2017 |
Renal function markers and metformin eligibility.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; | 2018 |
The Effects of Pioglitazone on Bone Formation and Resorption Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bone Resorption; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; | 2017 |
Gut microbiota: Trust your gut - metformin and diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2017 |
Effects of metformin exposure on neurodegenerative diseases in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Follow-Up St | 2017 |
Influence of Plantago ovata husk (dietary fiber) on the bioavailability and other pharmacokinetic parameters of metformin in diabetic rabbits.
Topics: Animals; Biological Availability; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Fiber; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2017 |
Long-term Saxagliptin Treatment Improves Endothelial Function but not Pulse Wave Velocity and Intima-Media Thickness in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.
Topics: Adamantane; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Carotid Arteries; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Case-Contro | 2017 |
Metabolic and androgen profile in underweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Androgens; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2017 |
Intensive insulin therapy combined with metformin is associated with reduction in both glucose variability and nocturnal hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated Hemoglob | 2017 |
Metformin in type 1 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2017 |
Pterostilbene ameliorates insulin sensitivity, glycemic control and oxidative stress in fructose-fed diabetic rats.
Topics: Animals; beta-Cyclodextrins; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2017 |
Diabetes-related weight change in a Canadian First Nation cohort.
Topics: Anthropometry; Body Weight; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Femal | 2017 |
Study of adverse drug reactions in patients with diabetes attending a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi, India.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Endocrine System; | 2017 |
Glycemic Improvement with a Fixed-dose combination of DPP-4 inhibitor + metformin in patients with Type 2 diabetes (GIFT study).
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Combinatio | 2018 |
Antidiabetic medication, statins and the risk of endometrioid endometrial cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Endometrioid; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2017 |
New Biguanides as Anti-Diabetic Agents Part I: Synthesis and Evaluation of 1-Substituted Biguanide Derivatives as Anti-Diabetic Agents of Type II Diabetes Insulin Resistant.
Topics: Animals; Biguanides; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2017 |
Evaluating the short-term cost-effectiveness of liraglutide versus lixisenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes in the United States.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Glycated Hemogl | 2017 |
Research on hospital drug cost control based on the perspective of pharmaceutical economy.
Topics: Cost Control; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Costs; Economics, Pharmaceutica | 2017 |
[Gliptin-gliflozin combination for treating type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Combinations; Dru | 2016 |
Oral Pharmacologic Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2017 |
Oral Pharmacologic Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2017 |
Oral Pharmacologic Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2017 |
Metformin exerts anti-obesity effect via gut microbiome modulation in prediabetics: A hypothesis.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Obesity Agents; Butyrates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Hor | 2017 |
Can we go beyond surrogates?
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Canagliflozin; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucosides; | 2017 |
Pharmacogenetics of oral antidiabetes drugs: evidence for diverse signals at the IRS1 locus.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Alleles; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genetic Predi | 2018 |
Metformin use associated with lower risk of cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Carcinoma; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2017 |
Simulation-Based Evaluation of Dose-Titration Algorithms for Rapid-Acting Insulin in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Inadequately Controlled on Basal Insulin and Oral Antihyperglycemic Medications.
Topics: Algorithms; Computer Simulation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glycat | 2017 |
Metformin is associated with fewer major adverse cardiac events among patients with a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A propensity score-matched nationwide study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Comorbidity; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow- | 2017 |
Association of divalent cations and insulin resistance with thyroid hormones in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Magnesium; Male; Metform | 2017 |
Metformin causes a futile intestinal-hepatic cycle which increases energy expenditure and slows down development of a type 2 diabetes-like state.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2017 |
Switching from Premixed Insulin To Basal Insulin Analogue For Type 2 Diabetes and Role of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Substitution; Drug Therapy | 2018 |
Insulin upregulates betatrophin expression via PI3K/Akt pathway.
Topics: Angiopoietin-Like Protein 8; Angiopoietin-like Proteins; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; | 2017 |
Prescription trends and the selection of initial oral antidiabetic agents for patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a nationwide study.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Prescrip | 2017 |
Continuous use of metformin can improve survival in type 2 diabetic patients with ovarian cancer: A retrospective study.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease-Free Survival; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2017 |
Oxamate Enhances the Anti-Inflammatory and Insulin-Sensitizing Effects of Metformin in Diabetic Mice.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Blood Glucose; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabet | 2017 |
Is It Time to Change the Type 2 Diabetes Treatment Paradigm? Yes! GLP-1 RAs Should Replace Metformin in the Type 2 Diabetes Algorithm.
Topics: Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide | 2017 |
Is It Time to Change the Type 2 Diabetes Treatment Paradigm? No! Metformin Should Remain the Foundation Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Gluca | 2017 |
Comment on Nachum et al. Glyburide Versus Metformin and Their Combination for the Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Study. Diabetes Care 2017;40:332-337.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; In | 2017 |
Response to Comment on Nachum et al. Glyburide Versus Metformin and Their Combination for the Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Study. Diabetes Care 2017;40:332-337.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; In | 2017 |
Diabetes mellitus: Complex interplay between metformin, AKI and lactic acidosis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metfo | 2017 |
Once-weekly oral antidiabetic agent and treatment satisfaction.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2017 |
Once-weekly oral antidiabetic agent and treatment satisfaction.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2017 |
Polyphenols activate energy sensing network in insulin resistant models.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Cell Surviva | 2017 |
Metformin: historical overview.
Topics: Biguanides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2017 |
Calcium alginate microspheres containing metformin hydrochloride niosomes and chitosomes aimed for oral therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Alginates; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucuronic Acid; Hexuronic Acids; Liposomes; Male; Me | 2017 |
Epidemiologic Surveillance of Glycemic Response to a Scored, Breakable, Extended Release, Fixed Dose Combination of Gliclazide and Metformin in Persons with Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Female; Gl | 2017 |
Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) is elevated in type 2 diabetics with carotid artery stenosis and reduced under metformin treatment.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Carotid Arteries; Carotid Artery Diseases; Carotid Stenosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2017 |
Immediate reduction of serum citrulline but no change of steroid profile after initiation of metformin in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Citrulline; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metabolomics; Metf | 2017 |
Sex-dependent difference in the effect of metformin on colorectal cancer-specific mortality of diabetic colorectal cancer patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Agents; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2017 |
Gliptin therapy reduces hepatic and myocardial fat in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Adamantane; Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Cardiomyopathies; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus | 2017 |
The Liver Circadian Clock Modulates Biochemical and Physiological Responses to Metformin.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Blood Glucose; Circadian Clocks; Circadian Rhythm; Diabetes | 2017 |
Patterns of glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus initiating second-line therapy after metformin monotherapy: Retrospective data for 10 256 individuals from the United Kingdom and Germany.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Mon | 2018 |
"Metformin-resistant" folic acid producing probiotics or folic acid against metformin's adverse effects like diarrhea.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diarrhea; Directed Molecular Evolution; Folic Acid; Gastrointest | 2017 |
Metformin and ascorbic acid combination therapy ameliorates type 2 diabetes mellitus and comorbid depression in rats.
Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Biogenic Monoamines; Blood Glucose; Comorbidity; Corticosterone; Cytokines; | 2017 |
Impact of Timely Treatment Intensification on Glycemic Goal Achievement in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Failing Metformin Monotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therap | 2017 |
Effect of Dapagliflozin on Glycemic Control, Weight, and Blood Pressure in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Attending a Specialist Endocrinology Practice in Canada: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canada; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2017 |
The effect of sitagliptin on obese patients with insulin treatment-induced diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female | 2017 |
Effects of glucose control on arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension: An observational study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptid | 2018 |
[DPP-4 or SGLT2 inhibitor added to metformin alone in type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Me | 2017 |
[Therapeutic options for a type 2 diabetic patient not well controlled with metformin plus basal insulin].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2017 |
Metformin use in renal disease.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Renal Insuffici | 2017 |
Risk of Cause-Specific Death in Individuals with Cancer-Modifying Role Diabetes, Statins and Metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Finland; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutar | 2017 |
Evidence-based prioritisation and enrichment of genes interacting with metformin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Genome-Wide Association Study; Genotype; Gluco | 2017 |
Healthcare resource use and associated costs of hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes prescribed sulfonylureas.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Combined Modality Therapy; Costs and Cost Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2017 |
Glitazone use associated with reduced risk of Parkinson's disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Prescriptions; D | 2017 |
Metformin Use and Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Untangling the Association.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypogly | 2017 |
Combined metformin-associated lactic acidosis and euglycemic ketoacidosis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Blood Glucose; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combi | 2017 |
Lactic acidosis associated (or induced by) metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Mid | 2017 |
Meds Modify Microbiome, Mediating Their Effects.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Metformin; Microbiota | 2017 |
Fournier's gangrene in a man on empagliflozin for treatment of Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Substitution; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2017 |
[Implementation of the National Guidelines for the treatment of Diabetes mellitus type 2 in secondary diabetes centers].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Germany; Humans; Hypog | 2017 |
Antihyperglycemic Medications: A Claims-Based Estimate of First-line Therapy Use Prior to Initialization of Second-line Medications.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studi | 2017 |
Pleiotropic effects of metformin to rescue statin-induced muscle injury and insulin resistance: A proposed mechanism and potential clinical implications.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2017 |
Metformin Has Positive Therapeutic Effects in Colon Cancer and Lung Cancer.
Topics: Aged; Antineoplastic Agents; Cohort Studies; Colonic Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease-F | 2017 |
Comorbidity Analysis between Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Based on Shared Pathways and the Role of T2DM Drugs.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Comorbidity; Computer Simulation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypo | 2017 |
Diabetes Treatments and Risks of Adverse Breast Cancer Outcomes among Early-Stage Breast Cancer Patients: A SEER-Medicare Analysis.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2017 |
Diabetes medication associates with DNA methylation of metformin transporter genes in the human liver.
Topics: Adult; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA Methylation; Epigenesis, Genetic; Female; Gen | 2017 |
Metformin vs sulfonylurea use and risk of dementia in US veterans aged ≥65 years with diabetes.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Dementia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; H | 2017 |
Metformin and insulin impact on clinical outcome in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma receiving sorafenib: Validation study and biological rationale.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Databases, Factual | 2017 |
Circulating ApoJ is closely associated with insulin resistance in human subjects.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Clusterin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose; Glucose Clamp Technique; Homeo | 2018 |
Metformin accelerates wound healing in type 2 diabetic db/db mice.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabete | 2017 |
Use of metformin is associated with lower incidence of cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metfor | 2017 |
Cohort profile for the MASTERMIND study: using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) to investigate stratification of response to treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Databases as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Pr | 2017 |
New Biguanides as Anti-Diabetic Agents, Part II: Synthesis and Anti-Diabetic Properties Evaluation of 1-Arylamidebiguanide Derivatives as Agents of Insulin Resistant Type II Diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Biguanides; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2017 |
Sulfonylureas as Initial Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes and the Risk of Severe Hypoglycemia.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2018 |
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents Added to Insulin Monotherapy for Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hum | 2017 |
Whether 25mM of metformin is achievable in human gut from a therapeutic dose of metformin?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2017 |
Effectiveness of Vildagliptin in Clinical Practice: Pooled Analysis of Three Korean Observational Studies (the VICTORY Study).
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Chi-Square Distribution; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dip | 2017 |
Risk of Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis (MALA) in Patients After Gastric Bypass Surgery.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gastric Bypass; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; La | 2018 |
Glycemic index, glycemic load, and glycemic response to pomelo in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Citrus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycemic Index; Glyc | 2017 |
Does Metformin Modulate Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy in Type 2 Diabetic Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells?
Topics: Administration, Oral; Autophagy; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response R | 2018 |
The Effect of Metformin on the Expression of GPR109A, NF-κB and IL-1β in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes from Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relat | 2017 |
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Adolescents: Should We Reconsider Screening?
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Mass Screening; Met | 2018 |
Changes in CYP2D enzyme activity following induction of type 2 diabetes, and administration of cinnamon and metformin: an experimental animal study.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Cinnamomum zeylanicum; Cytochrome P450 F | 2018 |
Dulaglutide (Trulicity) for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucagon-Like Peptides; Glycated Hemoglobin; H | 2017 |
Serum Meteorin-like protein levels decreased in patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Intercellular Signaling Pept | 2018 |
Factors Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treatment Choice Across Four European Countries.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibit | 2017 |
Long-term Trends in Antidiabetes Drug Usage in the U.S.: Real-world Evidence in Patients Newly Diagnosed With Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pep | 2018 |
Cardiovascular Complications Over 5 Years and Their Association With Survival in the GERODIAB Cohort of Elderly French Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes M | 2018 |
Safety of Metformin Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Living on an Oxygen-Deficient Plateau, Tibet, China.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Altitude; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Human | 2018 |
Metformin for the management of peri-operative hyperglycaemia.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2018 |
Dispensing patterns for antidiabetic agents in New Zealand: are the guidelines being followed?
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Medication Adherence; Metform | 2017 |
Non-insulin antidiabetic pharmacotherapy in patients with established cardiovascular disease: a position paper of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy.
Topics: Cardiology; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; | 2018 |
A diabetic foot ulcer treated with hydrogel and hyperbaric oxygen therapy: a case study.
Topics: Aged; Amputation, Surgical; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Foot; Humans; Hydrogels; Hyperbaric | 2017 |
Lower risk of dementia with pioglitazone, compared with other second-line treatments, in metformin-based dual therapy: a population-based longitudinal study.
Topics: Aged; Dementia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; L | 2018 |
Association Between Metformin Adherence and All-Cause Mortality Among New Users of Metformin: A Nested Case-Control Study.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hu | 2018 |
Association Between Stroke Risk and Metformin Use in Hemodialysis Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: A Nested Case-Control Study.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2017 |
In response to: Metformin for the management of peri-operative hyperglycaemia.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2018 |
A Novel Microdevice for Rapid Neutrophil Purification and Phenotyping in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Biomarkers; Biomimetics; Cell Separation; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Extracel | 2018 |
Choosing Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors, Sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors, or Both, as Add-ons to Metformin: Patient Baseline Characteristics Are Crucial.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2017 |
Long-term treatment with metformin in type 2 diabetes and methylmalonic acid: Post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled 4.3year trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Male; Metform | 2018 |
Young onset type 2 diabetic patients might be more sensitive to metformin compared to late onset type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2017 |
Mortality Associated with Metformin Versus Sulfonylurea Initiation: A Cohort Study of Veterans with Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Contraindications, Drug; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glomerular Filtrat | 2018 |
[Metformin-associated lactic acidosis. Report of one case].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Bicarbonates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hemofiltration; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2017 |
RE: Statistical Interpretation Error in Metformin Trial Article.
Topics: Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Obesity | 2017 |
Liraglutide and Metformin alone or combined therapy for type 2 diabetes patients complicated with coronary artery disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combin | 2017 |
Synergistic actions of vitamin D and metformin on skeletal muscles and insulin resistance of type 2 diabetic rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Synergism; | 2018 |
Dual Therapy Appears Superior to Monotherapy for Low-Income Individuals With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hy | 2017 |
Considerations for automated machine learning in clinical metabolic profiling: Altered homocysteine plasma concentration associated with metformin exposure.
Topics: Bias; Body Mass Index; Case-Control Studies; Computational Biology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Homoc | 2018 |
Glycaemic Control after Metformin Discontinuation in Diabetic Patients with a Declining Renal Function.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2017 |
Metformin is associated with decreased skin cancer risk in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Middle | 2018 |
Effect of Metformin on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis Activity in Elderly Antipsychotic-Treated Women With Type 2 Diabetes and Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Preliminary Study.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antipsychotic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dopamine; Female; Humans; | 2018 |
The Risk of TB in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Initiating Metformin vs Sulfonylurea Treatment.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; | 2018 |
Patient and prescriber characteristics among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus continuing or discontinuing sulfonylureas following insulin initiation: data from a large commercial database.
Topics: Adult; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Monitoring; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemia; | 2018 |
[Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus].
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; | 2017 |
Coordinated regulation of hepatic FoxO1, PGC-1α and SREBP-1c facilitates insulin action and resistance.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; Cyclopentanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; Female; Forkhead Box | 2018 |
Development and Qualification of a Drug-Disease Modeling Platform to Characterize Clinically Relevant Endpoints in Type 2 Diabetes Trials.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellit | 2018 |
Is metformin beneficial for heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2018 |
Metformin Treatment in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 3A, 3B, or 4.
Topics: Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin | 2018 |
All-cause and cardiovascular mortality associated with sulphonylurea and metformin therapy in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow- | 2018 |
The key genes underlying pathophysiology association between the type 2-diabetic and colorectal cancer.
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Computational Biology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gene Expression Regulation, | 2018 |
Metformin Use Reverses the Increased Mortality Associated With Diabetes Mellitus During Tuberculosis Treatment.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2018 |
Metformin Use Reverses the Increased Mortality Associated With Diabetes Mellitus During Tuberculosis Treatment.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2018 |
Metformin Use Reverses the Increased Mortality Associated With Diabetes Mellitus During Tuberculosis Treatment.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2018 |
Metformin Use Reverses the Increased Mortality Associated With Diabetes Mellitus During Tuberculosis Treatment.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2018 |
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alleles; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genotyping Techniques; Glipi | 2018 |
Failure of monotherapy in clinical practice in patients with type 2 diabetes: The Korean National Diabetes Program.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformi | 2018 |
Metformin use associated with protective effects for ocular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes - observational study.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Eye; Female | 2017 |
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors and Heart Failure Exacerbation in the Veteran Population: An Observational Study.
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inh | 2018 |
Glitazones and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors as the second-line oral anti-diabetic agents added to metformin reduce cardiovascular risk in Type 2 diabetes patients: a nationwide cohort observational study.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2018 |
Comparison of costs and outcomes of dapagliflozin with other glucose-lowering therapy classes added to metformin using a short-term cost-effectiveness model in the US setting.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2018 |
Economic evaluation of type 2 diabetes prevention programmes: Markov model of low- and high-intensity lifestyle programmes and metformin in participants with different categories of intermediate hyperglycaemia.
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Male; Metformin | 2018 |
Repurposing Metformin for Cardiovascular Disease.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cardiovascular Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2018 |
Aberrant intestinal microbiota in individuals with prediabetes.
Topics: Aged; Animals; Anthropometry; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Denmark; Diabetes Mel | 2018 |
Metformin attenuates effects of cyclophilin A on macrophages, reduces lipid uptake and secretion of cytokines by repressing decreased AMPK activity.
Topics: Adult; Aged; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Case-Control Studies; Cell Movement; Cyclophilin A; Cyto | 2018 |
Combination COX-2 inhibitor and metformin attenuate rate of joint replacement in osteoarthritis with diabetes: A nationwide, retrospective, matched-cohort study in Taiwan.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arthroplasty, Replacement; Cohort Studies; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; Dia | 2018 |
Cost-effectiveness analysis of metformin+dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors compared to metformin+sulfonylureas for treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dipeptidyl-Pep | 2018 |
Antitumor effects of metformin are a result of inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B nuclear translocation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Cadherins; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Line, Tumor; Ce | 2018 |
Impact of type 2 Diabetes and Metformin use on Vitamin B12 Associated Biomarkers - an Observational Study.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Male; Metformi | 2018 |
The role of metformin and statins in the incidence of epithelial ovarian cancer in type 2 diabetes: a cohort and nested case-control study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellit | 2018 |
Tissue expression of DPP-IV in obesity-diabetes and modulatory effects on peptide regulation of insulin secretion.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidy | 2018 |
Assessment of Pharmacological Responses to an Anti-diabetic Drug in a New Obese Type 2 Diabetic Rat Model.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, | 2017 |
Pulse pressure and diabetes treatments: Blood pressure and pulse pressure difference among glucose lowering modality groups in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug | 2018 |
Insulin-induced edema: an unusual complication in a patient with diabetic ketosis.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Edema; Humans; Insulin; Male; Metformin | 2017 |
Association between metformin use after surgery for colorectal cancer and oncological outcomes: A nationwide register-based study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease-Free Surviv | 2018 |
Tracking the Sugar Rush: Incorporating Continuous Glucose Monitoring Into Multisite Early Clinical Research With Type 2 Diabetes Subjects.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomedical Technology; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Controlled Clinical Trials as Top | 2018 |
Metformin-Induced Lactic Acidosis (MILA): Review of current diagnostic paradigm.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2018 |
Sulfenamide and sulfonamide derivatives of metformin can exert anticoagulant and profibrinolytic properties.
Topics: Anticoagulants; Antithrombin III; Blood Coagulation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Factor X; Fibrinolys | 2018 |
Hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes: understanding patients' and physicians' knowledge and experience.
Topics: Aged; Clinical Decision-Making; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Health | 2018 |
[INFLUENCE OF THE METFORMIN THERAPY ON THE ACTIVITY OF ENDOTHELIAL-DEPENDENT MEDIATORS AMONG PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND CONCOMITANT TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS].
Topics: Antigens, CD; Blood Glucose; Blood Platelets; Cadherins; CD40 Ligand; Cell Differentiation; Cohort S | 2018 |
Diagnosis and treatment goals in diabetes type
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Glycated Hemoglobin; Human | 2018 |
Topics: Age Factors; Anticholesteremic Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; I | 2018 |
Topics: Algorithms; Anticholesteremic Agents; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycoside Hydrolase | 2018 |
Metformin Use and Severe Dengue in Diabetic Adults.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; | 2018 |
Metformin reduces the risk of cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes: An analysis based on the Korean National Diabetes Program Cohort.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Ma | 2018 |
A Prospective Cohort Study in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus for Validation of Biomarkers (PROVALID) - Study Design and Baseline Characteristics.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Protocols; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2018 |
Metformin influences drug sensitivity in pancreatic cancer cells.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Humans; Metform | 2018 |
Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of potential therapeutic target genes in the liver of metformin‑treated Sprague‑Dawley rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Animals; Carboxylesterase; Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemo | 2018 |
Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors, the latest residents on the block: Impact on glycaemic control at a general practice level in England.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inh | 2018 |
Bullous pemphigoid in a mother (DQB1*03:01:01) and daughter (DRB1*11:01) receiving antidiabetic drugs.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Alleles; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Female; H | 2018 |
Changes in metformin use and other antihyperglycemic therapies after insulin initiation in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Male; Metformin; Middle Age | 2018 |
Update on off label use of metformin for obesity.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agent | 2018 |
Levels of Nitric Oxide Metabolites and Myeloperoxidase in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Metformin Therapy .
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; | 2019 |
The Effect of Metformin on Serum Gonadotropin Levels in Postmenopausal Women with Diabetes and Prediabetes: A Pilot Study.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gonadotropins; Humans; Hypothalamo-Hypophyse | 2018 |
Metformin combined with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors or metformin combined with sulfonylureas in patients with type 2 diabetes: A real world analysis of the South Korean national cohort.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; | 2018 |
Long-term sustainability of glycaemic achievements with second-line antidiabetic therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes: A real-world study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Ther | 2018 |
Increased Micronuclei Frequency in Oral and Lingual Epithelium of Treated Diabetes Mellitus Patients.
Topics: Cheek; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA Damage; Epithelium; Female; Humans; | 2018 |
Resveratrol regulates hyperglycemia-induced modulations in experimental diabetic animal model.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Blood Glucose; Calcium; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2018 |
Prognostic value of metformin for non-small cell lung cancer patients with diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; F | 2018 |
Range of therapeutic metformin concentrations in clinical blood samples and comparison to a forensic case with death due to lactic acidosis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Chromatography, Liquid; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2018 |
Primary male factor infertility due to asthenospermia in maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 5 (MODY 5): uncommon presentation of an uncommon disease.
Topics: Adult; Asthenozoospermia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Insulin; Magnesium; Male; Metformin; Pe | 2018 |
Metformin's impact on statin-associated muscle symptoms: An analysis of ACCORD study data and research materials from the NHLBI Biologic Specimen and Data Repository Information Coordinating Center.
Topics: Aged; Biological Specimen Banks; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Electronic Health Records; Female; Follo | 2018 |
Metformin-associated Chemopreventive Effects on Recurrence After Hepatic Resection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From
Topics: Aged; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Case-Control Studies; Cell Line, Tumor; Chemoprevention; C | 2018 |
Dose adjustment of metformin and dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitors in diabetic patients with renal dysfunction.
Topics: Aged; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Dosage Calcul | 2018 |
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: Are we looking in the right direction?
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metfo | 2020 |
[Treatment with metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus - new routines when renal function is reduced and in connection with administration of iodine contrast media].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Body Size; Contrast Media; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glomerular Filtratio | 2018 |
Metformin Use Is Associated With Longer Progression-Free Survival of Patients With Diabetes and Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors Receiving Everolimus and/or Somatostatin Analogues.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Agents; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2018 |
Recovery from Diabetic Macular Edema in a Diabetic Patient After Minimal Dose of a Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitor.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2018 |
Metformin reduces the relapse rate of tuberculosis patients with diabetes mellitus: experiences from 3-year follow-up.
Topics: China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; | 2018 |
A retrospective real-world study of dapagliflozin versus other oral antidiabetic drugs added to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucoside | 2018 |
Prebiotic Mannan-Oligosaccharides Augment the Hypoglycemic Effects of Metformin in Correlation with Modulating Gut Microbiota.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; Drug Therapy, C | 2018 |
Metformin, a first-line drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus, disrupts the MALAT1/miR-142-3p sponge to decrease invasion and migration in cervical cancer cells.
Topics: 3' Untranslated Regions; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Diabetes M | 2018 |
Metabolic switching in the hypoglycemic and antitumor effects of metformin on high glucose induced HepG2 cells.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Cell Proliferation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Energy Metabolism; | 2018 |
Treatment Discontinuation and Clinical Events in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Treated with Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors or NPH Insulin as Third-Line Therapy.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Female; Humans; | 2018 |
Studying the Effects of Nonindicated Medications on Cancer: Etiologic versus Action-Focused Analysis of Epidemiologic Data.
Topics: Bias; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2018 |
A Cohort Study of Metformin and Colorectal Cancer Risk among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bias; California; Colorectal Neoplasms; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Diabetes Mell | 2018 |
Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects of zinc supplementation in testes of rats with experimentally induced diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dieta | 2018 |
Metformin and risk of developing nasopharyngeal cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Male; | 2018 |
Time trends and geographical variation in prescribing of drugs for diabetes in England from 1998 to 2017.
Topics: Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; England; Geograph | 2018 |
Risk of lactic acidosis in type 2 diabetes patients using metformin: A case control study.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Comorbidity; Denmark; Diabetes Mell | 2018 |
Inflammatory signatures distinguish metabolic health in African American women with obesity.
Topics: Biomarkers; Black or African American; Chemokines; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gly | 2018 |
Short-term combined treatment with exenatide and metformin is superior to glimepiride combined metformin in improvement of serum testosterone levels in type 2 diabetic patients with obesity.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Obesity Agents; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Com | 2018 |
FOURNIER'S GANGRENE, A RARE COMPLICATION OF DIABETES MELLITUS (CASE REPORT).
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatal Outcome; Fournier Gangrene; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Kidney Fai | 2018 |
Initial combination therapy with vildagliptin plus metformin in drug-naïve patients with T2DM: a 24-week real-life study from Asia.
Topics: Adult; Asia; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Female; Glycated Hemoglo | 2018 |
Metabolomic analysis and biochemical changes in the urine and serum of streptozotocin-induced normal- and obese-diabetic rats.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Experime | 2018 |
No detectable differential microRNA expression between non-atherosclerotic arteries of type 2 diabetic patients (treated or untreated with metformin) and non-diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expre | 2018 |
Therapeutic Use of Metformin in Diabetes and Survival Outcomes in Endometrial Cancer Patients with Diabetes
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell; Carcinoma, Papillary; Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2018 |
CYP2C9*3 gene variant contributes independently to glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with glibenclamide.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; Dia | 2018 |
Metformin and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in diabetes patients.
Topics: Aged; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Metformin; Mid | 2019 |
Protective Effect of Metformin Against Thyroid Cancer Development: A Population-Based Study in Korea.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypog | 2018 |
An Evidence Based Study on Comparison of Adverse Drug Reactions of Metformin & Sitagliptin with their Combination.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Evide | 2016 |
Type 2 diabetes: A protective factor for COPD?
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; England; Female; Humans; Hyp | 2018 |
Metformin use in the first year after kidney transplant, correlates, and associated outcomes in diabetic transplant recipients: A retrospective analysis of integrated registry and pharmacy claims data.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glomerular Filtratio | 2018 |
Efficacy and Renal Safety of Dapagliflozin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Also Receiving Metformin: A Real-Life Experience.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, | 2018 |
Unusual shape and structure of lymphocyte nuclei is linked to hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes patients.
Topics: Cell Nucleus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fractals; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agent | 2018 |
Efficacy and safety of replacing sitagliptin with canagliflozin in real-world patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled with sitagliptin combined with metformin and/or gliclazide: The SITA-CANA Switch Study.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; | 2018 |
Real-world antidiabetic drug use and fracture risk in 12,277 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a nested case-control study.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Utilization; Female; | 2018 |
The influence of metformin and the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus on mortality and hospitalisation in patients with heart failure.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Heart Failure; Hospitalization; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2018 |
Should Metformin Be First-line Therapy for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease?: Informed Patients Should Decide.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; | 2018 |
Association of Metformin Use With Risk of Lactic Acidosis Across the Range of Kidney Function: A Community-Based Cohort Study.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Hypog | 2018 |
Association of antidiabetic medication use, cognitive decline, and risk of cognitive impairment in older people with type 2 diabetes: Results from the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body Mass Index; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Cross-Sectional Studies; | 2018 |
Metformin treatment prevents gallstone formation but mimics porcelain gallbladder in C57Bl/6 mice.
Topics: Animals; Calcinosis; Cholagogues and Choleretics; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High | 2018 |
Enlisting the Host to Fight TB.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin | 2018 |
The possible antidiabetic effects of vitamin D receptors agonist in rat model of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Calcifediol; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gene Expression Re | 2019 |
Implication of critical pharmacokinetic gene variants on therapeutic response to metformin in Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genotype; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2018 |
A herbal treatment for type 2 diabetes adulterated with undisclosed drugs.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Contamination; Female; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoalbuminemia; Hypoglyce | 2018 |
PAN-AMPK activator O304 improves glucose homeostasis and microvascular perfusion in mice and type 2 diabetes patients.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cardiomegaly; Cardiovascular | 2018 |
Acute vs cumulative benefits of metformin use in patients with type 2 diabetes and heart failure.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Follo | 2018 |
Interrogation of a longitudinal, national pharmacy claims dataset to explore factors that predict the need for add-on therapy in older and socioeconomically disadvantaged Australians with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (T2DM).
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Australia; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinati | 2018 |
Metformin Use is Associated with Improved Survival for Patients with Advanced Prostate Cancer on Androgen Deprivation Therapy.
Topics: Aged; Androgen Antagonists; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Cancer Survivors; Databa | 2018 |
Metformin is associated with a lower risk of active tuberculosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; I | 2018 |
The influence of diabetes and antidiabetic medications on the risk of pancreatic cancer: a nationwide population-based study in Korea.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Female; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2018 |
Impact of Drug Exposure Definitions on Observed Associations in Pharmacoepidemiology Research.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Alberta; Bias; Cohort Studies; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2018 |
MIF/CD74 axis is a target for metformin therapy in diabetic podocytopathy - real world evidence.
Topics: Adult; Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic N | 2018 |
Metformin and Risk of Hypertension in Taiwanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relation | 2018 |
Metformin and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Aspirin; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cohort Studies; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2018 |
A Pharmacometabolomic Approach to Predict Response to Metformin in Early-Phase Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.
Topics: Biological Variation, Population; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gas | 2018 |
Antidiabetic Medication, Statins and the Risk and Prognosis of Non-endometrioid Endometrial Cancer in Women with Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endometrial Neoplasms; | 2018 |
Thiazolidinediones and reduced risk of incident bacterial abscess in adults with type 2 diabetes: A population-based cohort study.
Topics: Abscess; Adult; Aged; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fema | 2018 |
[In process].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Metformin; Predictive Value of Tests; Risk | 2016 |
Changes in HbA1c and weight, and treatment persistence, over the 18 months following initiation of second-line therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: results from the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink.
Topics: Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ma | 2018 |
Effect of metformin in the prognosis of patients with smallcell lung cancer combined with diabetes mellitus.
Topics: China; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lung Neopl | 2018 |
Metformin as first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Sulfonylurea Compounds | 2018 |
Pregnancy outcome after first-trimester exposure to metformin: A prospective cohort study.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fe | 2018 |
Repurposing metformin to prevent and treat tuberculosis.
Topics: Antitubercular Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Risk; Tuberculosis | 2018 |
Neuroprotective effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist is independent of glycaemia normalization in type two diabetic rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Brain; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon- | 2018 |
Identifying prevalence and risk factors for metformin non-persistence: a retrospective cohort study using an electronic health record.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Electronic Health Records; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glycat | 2018 |
Metformin inhibits gluconeogenesis via a redox-dependent mechanism in vivo.
Topics: Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase; Adenylate Kinase; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dihydro | 2018 |
Genetic polymorphisms of organic cation transporters 1 (OCT1) and responses to metformin therapy in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review protocol.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Genotype; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2018 |
Effect of Metformin or Chinese Herbal Formula in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hyperlipidemia: A Reassessment.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Metformin | 2018 |
Aspalathin, a C-glucosyl dihydrochalcone from rooibos improves the hypoglycemic potential of metformin in type 2 diabetic (db/db) mice.
Topics: Animals; Aspalathus; Chalcones; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Synergism; Flavonoids; Hypoglycemic | 2018 |
SHORT-TERM SITAGLIPTIN-METFORMIN THERAPY IS MORE EFFECTIVE THAN METFORMIN OR PLACEBO IN PRIOR GESTATIONAL DIABETIC WOMEN WITH IMPAIRED GLUCOSE REGULATION.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucose; Humans; Hypogl | 2018 |
Prognosis of ovarian cancer in women with type 2 diabetes using metformin and other forms of antidiabetic medication or statins: a retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA | 2018 |
Changing use of antidiabetic drugs in the UK: trends in prescribing 2000-2017.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; | 2018 |
Unravelling metformin's mechanism of action.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gluconeogenesis; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Oxidation-Reduct | 2018 |
Metformin, sitagliptin, and liraglutide modulate serum retinol-binding protein-4 level and adipocytokine production in type 2 diabetes mellitus rat model.
Topics: Adipokines; Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Melli | 2018 |
Chinese herbal products and the reduction of risk of breast cancer among females with type 2 diabetes in Taiwan: A case-control study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combin | 2018 |
Validation of the Survival Benefits of Metformin in Middle Eastern Patients With Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Colorectal Cancer.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hyp | 2018 |
Association of Bullous Pemphigoid With Dipeptidyl-Peptidase 4 Inhibitors in Patients With Diabetes: Estimating the Risk of the New Agents and Characterizing the Patients.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2018 |
Potential effects of metformin in DNA BER system based on oxidative status in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Antioxidants; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA Polymerase beta; DNA Repair; Female; Humans; Male; Metf | 2018 |
Comparison of healthcare resource utilization and costs in patients with type 2 diabetes initiating dapagliflozin versus sitagliptin.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Cohort Studies; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; | 2019 |
Cardiovascular Benefits of Acarbose vs Sulfonylureas in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Metformin.
Topics: Acarbose; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2018 |
Metformin exacerbates and simvastatin attenuates myelin damage in high fat diet-fed C57BL/6 J mice.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Neuropathies; Diet, High-Fat; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA | 2018 |
Oral Pharmacotherapy as Alternative Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a 61 Year Old Ethnic Filipino Man with Insulin Allergies.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Hypersensitivity; Humans; Insulin; Male; Metfo | 2019 |
Cardiovascular benefit in the limelight: shifting type 2 diabetes treatment paradigm towards early combination therapy in patients with overt cardiovascular disease.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucag | 2018 |
Metformin misuse in chronic kidney disease.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Contraindications, Drug; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2020 |
Anticancer Activity of Metformin, an Antidiabetic Drug, Against Ovarian Cancer Cells Involves Inhibition of Cysteine-Rich 61 (Cyr61)/Akt/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Signaling Pathway.
Topics: Apoptosis; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cysteine-Rich Protein | 2018 |
Medicines for Treatment Intensification in Type 2 Diabetes and Type of Insulin in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in Low-Resource Settings: Synopsis of the World Health Organization Guidelines on Second- and Third-Line Medicines and Type of Insulin for the Con
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Contraindications, Drug; Developed Countries; Developing Countries; Diabetes M | 2018 |
Should sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors be considered as first-line oral therapy for people with type 2 diabetes?
Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Thera | 2019 |
Metformin is the key factor in elevated plasma growth differentiation factor-15 levels in type 2 diabetes: A nested, case-control study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Case-Control Studies; Cohort St | 2019 |
Carbohydrate Knowledge and Expectations of Nutritional Support among Five Ethnic Groups Living in New Zealand with Pre- and Type 2 Diabetes: A Qualitative Study.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Carbohydrates; Ethnicity; Female; Focus Grou | 2018 |
Metformin Regulates the Expression of SK2 and SK3 in the Atria of Rats With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Through the NOX4/p38MAPK Signaling Pathway.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies; Gene | 2018 |
Metformin administration attenuates dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor-induced increases in Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) levels.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; H | 2019 |
Metformin prescription status and abdominal aortic aneurysm disease progression in the U.S. veteran population.
Topics: Aged; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression | 2019 |
Metformin and Pancreatic Cancer Risk in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Metformin; Pancreatic Neoplasms; | 2018 |
Improving hepatic mitochondrial biogenesis as a postulated mechanism for the antidiabetic effect of Spirulina platensis in comparison with metformin.
Topics: Adiponectin; Animals; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2019 |
Rifampicin Alters Metformin Plasma Exposure but Not Blood Glucose Levels in Diabetic Tuberculosis Patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Blood Glucose; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellit | 2019 |
Association between glucose-lowering treatment and cancer metastasis among patients with preexisting type 2 diabetes and incident malignancy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2019 |
Metabolic Acidosis in Postsurgical Patient on Canagliflozin and Metformin: A Case Report.
Topics: Acidosis; Adult; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypogl | 2019 |
Metformin inhibits IgE- and aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated mast cell activation in vitro and in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Calcium Signaling; Carbazoles; Cell Degranulation; Cell Line; Dia | 2018 |
The delicate choice of optimal basic therapy for multimorbid older adults: A cross-sectional survey.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aged; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angio | 2019 |
Impact of diabetes and metformin use on prostate cancer outcome of patients treated with radiation therapy: results from a large institutional database.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease-Free Survival; Hu | 2018 |
Lactic Acidosis, Metformin Use, and Dose-Response Association.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2018 |
Lactic Acidosis, Metformin Use, and Dose-Response Association.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2018 |
Lactic Acidosis, Metformin Use, and Dose-Response Association.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2018 |
Lactic Acidosis, Metformin Use, and Dose-Response Association-Reply.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2018 |
Effects of metformin use on total mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A matched-subject design.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cause of Death; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Emergency Medical Services; | 2018 |
Preserving Insulin Secretion in Diabetes by Inhibiting VDAC1 Overexpression and Surface Translocation in β Cells.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Insulin; Insul | 2019 |
Evaluation of the rs3088442 G>A SLC22A3 Gene Polymorphism and the Role of microRNA 147 in Groups of Adult Pakistani Populations With Type 2 Diabetes in Response to Metformin.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Resistance; Female; Gene Frequency; Gen | 2019 |
Different daily glycemic profiles after switching from once-daily alogliptin plus twice-daily metformin to their once-daily fixed-dose combination in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Drug Substitution; | 2019 |
Treatment with incretins does not increase the risk of pancreatic diseases compared to older anti-hyperglycaemic drugs, when added to metformin: real world evidence in people with Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Co | 2019 |
Teneligliptin-associated bullous pemphigoid in an elderly man with diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ma | 2018 |
Metformin increases glucose uptake and acts renoprotectively by reducing SHIP2 activity.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gene Expressio | 2019 |
The association of metformin use with vitamin B12 deficiency and peripheral neuropathy in Saudi individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Middle Aged; | 2018 |
Metformin use is associated with a low risk of tuberculosis among newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus patients with normal renal function: A nationwide cohort study with validated diagnostic criteria.
Topics: Adult; Biopsy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Longitudin | 2018 |
The Influence of Metformin on Serum Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.
Topics: CA-19-9 Antigen; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Me | 2018 |
T cell activation and cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Lymphocyte Activation; Me | 2018 |
Long-term comparative safety analysis of the risks associated with adding or switching to a sulfonylurea as second-line Type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment in a US veteran population.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, | 2019 |
Stacked classifiers for individualized prediction of glycemic control following initiation of metformin therapy in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Decision Support Systems, Clinical; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2018 |
Characterization of changes in HbA1c in patients with and without secondary failure after metformin treatments by a population pharmacodynamic analysis using mixture models.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; | 2018 |
Recent metformin adherence and the risk of hypoglycaemia in the year following intensification with a sulfonylurea.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Com | 2019 |
THE CIRCLE OF CARE IN DIABETES: FROM HOME TO HOSPITAL TO HOME.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Patient Discharge; Sitaglip | 2018 |
SirT3 regulates diabetogenic effects caused by arsenic: An implication for mitochondrial complex II modification.
Topics: Animals; Arsenic; Berberine; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Electron Transport Complex II | 2019 |
Metformin Therapy and Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality-Letter.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Metformin | 2018 |
Apelin‑13 ameliorates metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in a rat model of type 2 diabetes with a high‑fat diet.
Topics: Animals; Atorvastatin; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Experi | 2018 |
All-cause mortality in patients on sulphonylurea monotherapy compared to metformin monotherapy in a nation-wide cohort.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Middle Aged; | 2019 |
Eruptive xanthomas in a patient with soft-drink diabetic ketosis and apolipoprotein E4/2.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Acetoacetates; Adolescent; Apolipoprotein E2; Apolipoprotein E4; Carbonated B | 2019 |
Metabolomics Based on MS in Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: the Effect of Vildagliptin, Metformin, and Their Combination.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hypoglycemic | 2019 |
Gut microbiota and intestinal FXR mediate the clinical benefits of metformin.
Topics: Bacteroides; Bile Acids and Salts; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; Gastrointestinal Micro | 2018 |
A variant of the glucose transporter gene SLC2A2 modifies the glycaemic response to metformin therapy in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Alleles; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genotype; Glucose Clamp Technique; | 2019 |
Differential effects of metformin glycinate and hydrochloride in glucose production, AMPK phosphorylation and insulin sensitivity in hepatocytes from non-diabetic and diabetic mice.
Topics: Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; G | 2019 |
Effect of metformin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes with respect to glyoxalase 1 activity in atherosclerotic lesions.
Topics: Aged; Atherosclerosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Lactoylglutathione Lyase; Male; Me | 2019 |
Elevated circulating levels of monocyte activation markers among tuberculosis patients with diabetes co-morbidity.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Male; Metformin; Mi | 2019 |
Effects of metformin mediated by gut microbiota.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2018 |
[Reappraisal of metformin : less restrictions and more potential indications].
Topics: Contraindications, Drug; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Diseases; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Met | 2018 |
Lack of effect of the SLC47A1 and SLC47A2 gene polymorphisms on the glycemic response to metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Genotype; Glycat | 2018 |
Eugenol ameliorates insulin resistance, oxidative stress and inflammation in high fat-diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2019 |
Changes of Cell Biochemical States Are Revealed in Protein Homomeric Complex Dynamics.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Genetic Complementation Test; Humans; Iron; Metalloproteins; Metformin; S | 2018 |
Impact of metformin use on the cardiovascular effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: An analysis of Medicare claims data from 2007 to 2015.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Case-Control Studies; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2019 |
Long-Term Clinical Benefits of Canagliflozin 100 mg Versus Sulfonylurea in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Inadequately Controlled With Metformin in India.
Topics: Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; India; M | 2019 |
Long-Term Patterns of Antidiabetic Medication Use in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; | 2018 |
[Why to choose metformin as first line treatment in type2 diabetes? The answer is simple!].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2016 |
[Type 2 diabetes: metformin a first line. Where are the proofs]?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2016 |
A Gut Feeling for Metformin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Intestines; Metformin | 2018 |
Metformin associated inflammation levels regulation in type 2 diabetes mellitus-tuberculosis coinfection patients - A case report.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inflammation; Interleukin-10; | 2018 |
Reduced prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection in diabetes patients using metformin and statins.
Topics: Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hydroxymeth | 2019 |
Sustained low-efficiency dialysis for metformin-associated lactic acidosis in patients with acute kidney injury.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; H | 2019 |
Metformin hydrochloride and wound healing: from nanoformulation to pharmacological evaluation.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabete | 2019 |
Metformin or Acarbose Treatment Significantly Reduced Albuminuria in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Low-Grade Albuminuria.
Topics: Acarbose; Adult; Aged; Albuminuria; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2018 |
Metformin regulates atrial SK2 and SK3 expression through inhibiting the PKC/ERK signaling pathway in type 2 diabetic rats.
Topics: Animals; Atrial Fibrillation; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Extracellu | 2018 |
Cardioprotection by metformin in type 2 diabetes: what is the truth?
Topics: Cardiotonic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies; Hepatocyte Growth Factor; | 2019 |
Cost-effectiveness of intensification with sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes on metformin and sitagliptin vs direct intensification with insulin in the United Kingdom.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2019 |
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis precipitated by liraglutide use: adverse effects of aggressive antihyperglycaemic therapy.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adve | 2018 |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus in pregnancy: The impact of maternal weight and early glycaemic control on outcomes.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Cesarean Section; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fetal Macrosomia; | 2019 |
Impact of metformin use on survival outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer treated with platinum.
Topics: Aged; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Foll | 2018 |
Development and Characterization of Metformin Loaded Pectin Nanoparticles for T2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Carriers; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agent | 2018 |
Prevalence of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and gastroparesis symptoms among patients with type 2 diabetes who attend a primary health care center.
Topics: Autonomic Nervous System; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular System; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes M | 2018 |
Possible role of GLP-1 in antidepressant effects of metformin and exercise in CUMS mice.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Corticosterone; Depression; Depressive D | 2019 |
Effects of the combination of metformin and exercise on glycated hemoglobin, functional capacity, lipid profile, quality of life, and body weight.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Case-Control Studies; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabe | 2019 |
[Metformin and surgery before general anaesthesia].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Anesthesia, General; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2018 |
Should metformin be used in every patient with type 2 diabetes?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Practice Guidelines as Topic | 2019 |
Comparative Effectiveness of Metformin Dosage Uptitration Versus Adding Another Antihyperglycemic Medication on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Failing Initial Metformin Monotherapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Electronic Health Reco | 2019 |
What protects against pre-diabetes progressing to diabetes? Observational study of integrated health and social data.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body Mass Index; Delivery of Health Care, Integrated; Diabetes Melli | 2019 |
Metformin use in type 2 diabetic patients is not associated with lower arterial stiffness: the Maastricht Study.
Topics: Aged; Aorta; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carotid Arteries; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Elastic Modulus; | 2019 |
Association of Hemoglobin A1c Levels With Use of Sulfonylureas, Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors, and Thiazolidinediones in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Metformin: Analysis From the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics Initiat
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Female; Glycated Hemo | 2018 |
Treatment with metformin is associated with a prolonged survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
Topics: Aged; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Germany; | 2019 |
Cardiovascular Risk Factor Burden in People With Incident Type 2 Diabetes in the U.S. Receiving Antidiabetic and Cardioprotective Therapies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular | 2019 |
Real-world experience of metformin use in pregnancy: Observational data from the Northern Territory Diabetes in Pregnancy Clinical Register.
Topics: Adult; Australia; Biomarkers; Birth Weight; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2019 |
Long-term diabetes outcomes after bariatric surgery-managing medication withdrawl.
Topics: Adult; Bariatric Surgery; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Human | 2019 |
Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effects of
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hyperlipidemias; Hypoglycemic A | 2019 |
An Irish National Diabetes in Pregnancy Audit: aiming for best outcomes for women with diabetes.
Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Aspirin; Cesarean Section; Clinical Audit; Delivery of Health Care; De | 2020 |
Reply.
Topics: Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Insulin Glargine; Lipids; Liraglutide; Metformin; No | 2019 |
Letter to Editor: Role of Pharmacotherapy in Patients With Coexisting Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Glargine; Lipids; Lirag | 2019 |
Prolonged release of metformin by SiO
Topics: Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Carriers; Drug Liberation; Hypoglycemic | 2019 |
Second-line glucose-lowering drugs added to metformin and the risk of hospitalization for heart failure: A nationwide cohort study.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, C | 2019 |
Metformin use and risk of cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cohort study of primary care records using inverse probability weighting of marginal structural models.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Electronic Health Records | 2019 |
Metformin Triggers PYY Secretion in Human Gut Mucosa.
Topics: Adult; Aged; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Colon; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enteroendocrine Cells; | 2019 |
Reduced mortality from lower respiratory tract disease in adult diabetic patients treated with metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; | 2019 |
Prescribing of diabetes medications to people with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: a national cross-sectional study.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Australia; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2019 |
Safety of Metformin in Psoriasis Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: A 17-Year Population-Based Real-World Cohort Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; | 2019 |
Evaluation of Healthy User Effects With Metformin and Other Oral Antihyperglycemia Medication Users in Adult Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Asthma; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Ther | 2019 |
[Metformin-associated lactic acidosis : myth or reality ?]
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2019 |
Comparative risk of new-onset diabetes following commencement of antipsychotics in New Zealand: a population-based clustered multiple baseline time series design.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Cluster Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypnotics | 2019 |
Metformin induced autophagy in diabetes mellitus - Tuberculosis co-infection patients: A case study.
Topics: Adult; Antitubercular Agents; Autophagy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Etham | 2019 |
Metformin diminishes the unfavourable impact of Nrf2 in breast cancer patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers, Tumor; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Nucleus; Cytoplasm; Diabet | 2019 |
Effects of SLC22A2 (rs201919874) and SLC47A2 (rs138244461) genetic variants on Metformin Pharmacokinetics in Pakistani T2DM patients.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetic Predispositi | 2019 |
The prescription pattern of initial treatment for type 2 diabetes in Beijing from 2011 to 2015.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Beijing; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Prescriptions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fema | 2019 |
The impact of therapy on the risk of asthma in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Asthma; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; England; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2019 |
Evaluation of Outcomes After Initiating Triple Antidiabetic Therapy with a GLP-1 RA in an Integrated Health Care System.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Delivery of Health Care, Integrated; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Th | 2019 |
Cost-effectiveness of first-line versus delayed use of combination dapagliflozin and metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; G | 2019 |
Delays in anti-hyperglycaemic therapy initiation and intensification are associated with cardiovascular events, hospitalizations for heart failure and all-cause mortality.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Heart Failure; Hospitalizat | 2019 |
Atypical presentation of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever: Lessons learned.
Topics: Acidosis; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Dr | 2019 |
Association between increased carotid intima-media thickness and higher serum C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen levels in post-menopausal women with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Aged; Bone Density; Bone Remodeling; C | 2020 |
A 35-Year-Old Woman With Shock, Pulseless Electrical Activity Arrest, and Hemodynamic Collapse.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug-Re | 2019 |
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor compared with sulfonylurea in combination with metformin: cardiovascular and renal outcomes in a propensity-matched cohort study.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2019 |
A novel berberine-metformin hybrid compound exerts therapeutic effects on obese type 2 diabetic rats.
Topics: 3T3 Cells; Adipogenesis; Adipose Tissue, White; Animals; Berberine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Femal | 2019 |
Variation in the Plasma Membrane Monoamine Transporter (PMAT) (Encoded by
Topics: Aged; Alleles; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Hypersensitivity; Equilibrative Nucleoside Transport | 2019 |
Rationale and Study Design of a Randomized Clinical Trial of Metformin to Prevent Frailty in Older Adults With Prediabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Frai | 2020 |
More Evidence for a Prevention-Related Indication for Metformin: Let the Arguments Resume!
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin | 2019 |
Association of antidiabetic medication and statins with breast cancer incidence in women with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Breast Neoplasms; Case-Control Studies; Databa | 2019 |
Liraglutide exerts an anti-inflammatory action in obese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Actins; Ceruloplasmin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gene Expression | 2019 |
The Future of the GLP-1 Receptor Agonists.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Glucagon-Like Peptides; Glycated Hemogl | 2019 |
Metformin was associated with lower all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes with acute coronary syndrome: A Nationwide registry with propensity score-matched analysis.
Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypogly | 2019 |
Role of SIRT-3, p-mTOR and HIF-1α in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Affected by Metabolic Dysfunctions and in Chronic Treatment with Metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans | 2019 |
Metformin Enhances Autophagy and Provides Cardioprotection in δ-Sarcoglycan Deficiency-Induced Dilated Cardiomyopathy.
Topics: Animals; Autophagy; Cardiomegaly; Cardiomyopathies; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2019 |
Gastric Emptying in Patients With Well-Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Compared With Young and Older Control Subjects Without Diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aging; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Female; Gast | 2019 |
To the Editor: Metformin for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2019 |
In reply: Metformin for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2019 |
Analysis of Inflammatory Gene Expression Profile of Peripheral Blood Leukocytes in Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Caspase 1; Chemokine CCL5; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gene E | 2019 |
Lactic acidosis due to metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease stage 3-5: is it significant?
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Moni | 2019 |
Metformin reduces prostate cancer risk among men with benign prostatic hyperplasia: A nationwide population-based cohort study.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incide | 2019 |
Metformin Attenuates Early-Stage Atherosclerosis in Mildly Hyperglycemic Oikawa-Nagao Mice.
Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hyperglycem | 2019 |
The Common Antidiabetic Drug Metformin Reduces Odds of Developing Age-Related Macular Degeneration.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female | 2019 |
Association between pancreatic cancer and metformin use in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Logistic Models; Metfo | 2019 |
Metformin reduces risk of benign nodular goiter in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Goiter, Nodular; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2019 |
Metformin acutely lowers blood glucose levels by inhibition of intestinal glucose transport.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Biological Transport; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2019 |
Metformin modifies disparity in hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in men with type 2 diabetes but without chronic liver diseases.
Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Healthcare Disparit | 2019 |
Expert Opinion: Use of sodium glucose co-transporter type-2 inhibitors in South Asian population -The Pakistan perspective.
Topics: Asia, Southeastern; Asia, Western; Asian People; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Cholester | 2019 |
Dethroning the king?: The future of metformin as first line therapy in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Contraindications, Drug; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Drug Administration Sche | 2019 |
Incretin-Based Therapies for the Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Incretins; Insulin Glargine; Lipids; Liraglutide; Me | 2019 |
Long-Term Weight Loss With Metformin or Lifestyle Intervention.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; Metformin; Weight Loss | 2019 |
Advising Patients on How to Achieve Long-Term Weight Loss.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Life Style; Metformin; Obesity; Weight Loss | 2019 |
Altered Glycemic Control Associated With Polymorphisms in the SLC22A1 (OCT1) Gene in a Mexican Population With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With Metformin: A Cohort Study.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genotype; Glycated Hemoglobi | 2019 |
Metformin may offer no protective effect in men undergoing external beam radiation therapy for prostate cancer.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Androgen Antagonists; Cell Survival; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2019 |
In New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus, Metformin Reduces Fat Accumulation in the Liver, But Not in the Pancreas or Pericardium.
Topics: Adiposity; Adult; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2019 |
Sulfenamide and Sulfonamide Derivatives of Metformin - A New Option to Improve Endothelial Function and Plasma Haemostasis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Metformin; Myocytes, Smoo | 2019 |
Metformin and Reduced Risk of Cancer in the Hong Kong Diabetes Registry: Real Effect or Immortal Time Bias?
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hong Kong; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Neopla | 2019 |
The mystery of metformin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; History, 21st Century; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2019 |
Prescription patterns of anti-diabetic medications and clinical outcomes in Asian patients with heart failure and diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aged; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme I | 2019 |
Disease progression and treatment response in data-driven subgroups of type 2 diabetes compared with models based on simple clinical features: an analysis using clinical trial data.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Cluster Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Humans; | 2019 |
A benefit-harm analysis of adding basal insulin vs. sulfonylurea to metformin to manage type II diabetes mellitus in people with multiple chronic conditions.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hypog | 2019 |
Effects of TCF7L2 rs7903146 variant on metformin response in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alleles; Anthropometry; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genotype; Hum | 2019 |
The role of GLP-1 receptor agonists and their fixed combination with insulin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; M | 2019 |
Emerging Trends in Metformin Prescribing in the United States from 2000 to 2015.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Utilization Review; Female; Humans; Hypogly | 2019 |
Association between metformin use and disease progression in obese people with knee osteoarthritis: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative-a prospective cohort study.
Topics: Aged; Cartilage, Articular; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Female; | 2019 |
Metformin is associated with a lower risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; | 2019 |
Effects of Sitagliptin on Lipid Profile in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus After 7 Years of Therapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2019 |
The combination of exercise training and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibition improves glucose tolerance and exercise capacity in a rodent model of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dis | 2019 |
Comparing treatment intensification and clinical outcomes of metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in treatment-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes in Japan.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Fema | 2020 |
Lactic acidosis associated with metformin in patients with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease: study protocol for a multicenter population-based case-control study using health databases.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Case-Control Studies; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follo | 2019 |
A new perspective on the biguanide, metformin therapy in type 2 diabetes and lactic acidosis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Biguanides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pro | 2019 |
Treatment Patterns in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes in China: A Retrospective, Longitudinal Database Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; China; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female | 2019 |
Long-term metformin use may improve clinical outcomes in diabetic patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and bridging fibrosis or compensated cirrhosis.
Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Liver | 2019 |
Metformin Inhibits the Type 1 IFN Response in Human CD4
Topics: Adult; Aged; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2019 |
Association of Metformin Use With End-Stage Renal Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Cohort Study Under the Pay-for-Performance Program.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inci | 2019 |
Initial Therapeutic Choices for Type 2 Diabetes in the Portuguese Sentinel Practice Network.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Diseas | 2019 |
No significant association of type 2 diabetes-related genetic risk scores with glycated haemoglobin levels after initiating metformin or sulphonylurea derivatives.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hum | 2019 |
Does Metformin Have an Effect on Stent Patency Rates.
Topics: Aged; Constriction, Pathologic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endovascular Procedures; Female; Femoral | 2019 |
Effects of Treatment of Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Recently Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes With Metformin Alone or in Combination With Insulin Glargine on β-Cell Function: Comparison of Responses In Youth And Adults.
Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Intolerance; Glucose Tolerance | 2019 |
Effects of Treatment of Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Recently Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes With Metformin Alone or in Combination With Insulin Glargine on β-Cell Function: Comparison of Responses In Youth And Adults.
Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Intolerance; Glucose Tolerance | 2019 |
Effects of Treatment of Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Recently Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes With Metformin Alone or in Combination With Insulin Glargine on β-Cell Function: Comparison of Responses In Youth And Adults.
Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Intolerance; Glucose Tolerance | 2019 |
Effects of Treatment of Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Recently Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes With Metformin Alone or in Combination With Insulin Glargine on β-Cell Function: Comparison of Responses In Youth And Adults.
Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Intolerance; Glucose Tolerance | 2019 |
Lack of Durable Improvements in β-Cell Function Following Withdrawal of Pharmacological Interventions in Adults With Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Recently Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Arginine; B-Lymphocytes; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fa | 2019 |
Lack of Durable Improvements in β-Cell Function Following Withdrawal of Pharmacological Interventions in Adults With Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Recently Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Arginine; B-Lymphocytes; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fa | 2019 |
Lack of Durable Improvements in β-Cell Function Following Withdrawal of Pharmacological Interventions in Adults With Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Recently Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Arginine; B-Lymphocytes; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fa | 2019 |
Lack of Durable Improvements in β-Cell Function Following Withdrawal of Pharmacological Interventions in Adults With Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Recently Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Arginine; B-Lymphocytes; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fa | 2019 |
Studies on the interaction between HSA and new halogenated metformin derivatives: influence of lipophilic groups in the binding ability.
Topics: Binding Sites; Circular Dichroism; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Molecular Docking S | 2020 |
Association between Metformin Use and Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.
Topics: Aged; Calcinosis; Coronary Artery Disease; Coronary Vessels; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Melli | 2019 |
Type 2 diabetes induced oxidative brain injury involves altered cerebellar neuronal integrity and elemental distribution, and exacerbated Nrf2 expression: therapeutic potential of raffia palm (Raphia hookeri) wine.
Topics: Animals; Araceae; Cerebellum; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Neuro | 2019 |
Are patients with mild to moderate renal impairment on metformin or other oral anti-hyperglycaemic agents at increased risk of contrast-induced nephropathy and metabolic acidosis after radiocontrast exposure?
Topics: Acidosis; Administration, Oral; Aged; Contrast Media; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hyp | 2019 |
Metformin overdose: A serious iatrogenic complication-Western France Poison Control Centre Data Analysis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Data Analysis; Databases, Factual; Diabetes | 2019 |
Antidiabetic Medications and Mortality Risk in Individuals With Pancreatic Cancer-Related Diabetes and Postpancreatitis Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2019 |
Assessing the trend of diabetes mellitus by analyzing metformin as a biomarker in wastewater.
Topics: Biomarkers; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Wastewater | 2019 |
Additional Effect of Dietary Fiber in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using Metformin and Sulfonylurea: An Open-Label, Pilot Trial.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Fiber; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Micro | 2019 |
Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis Presenting Like Acute Mesenteric Ischemia.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Humans | 2019 |
A Prospective Study of the Clinical and Demographic Profile of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Receiving Antidiabetic Drug Combinations.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Female; Glycat | 2020 |
Follow-up of glycemic index before and after Ramadan fasting in type 2 diabetes patients under antidiabetic medications.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female | 2019 |
Glycemic control and lipid outcomes in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Child; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studi | 2019 |
Metformin Treatment and Cancer Risk: Cox Regression Analysis, With Time-Dependent Covariates, of 320,000 Persons With Incident Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inci | 2019 |
Changes in the Prescription of Glucose-Lowering Medications in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus After a Cardiovascular Event: A Call to Action From the DATAFILE Study.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aged; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme I | 2019 |
Near-infrared light activatable hydrogels for metformin delivery.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Delivery Systems; Graphite; Humans; Hydrogels; I | 2019 |
Therapy of empagliflozin plus metformin on T2DM mice shows no higher amelioration for glucose and lipid metabolism than empagliflozin monotherapy.
Topics: Animals; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Dru | 2019 |
AMPK-SIRT1-independent inhibition of ANGPTL3 gene expression is a potential lipid-lowering mechanism of metformin.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Angiopoietin-Like Protein 3; Angiopoietin-like Proteins; Diabetes Mel | 2019 |
Sulfonylureas as initial treatment for type 2 diabetes and the risk of adverse cardiovascular events: A population-based cohort study.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Brain Ischemia; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Databases, Factual | 2019 |
Diabetogenic Effects of Immunosuppression: An Integrative Analysis.
Topics: Datasets as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Down-Regulation; Gene Expression Profiling; Graft Reje | 2020 |
Association Between Metformin Initiation and Incident Dementia Among African American and White Veterans Health Administration Patients.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Black or African American; Comorbidity; Dementia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fema | 2019 |
Long-term luseogliflozin therapy improves histological activity of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis accompanied by type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase I | 2020 |
An enigmatic triad of acute pancreatitis, diabetic ketoacidosis and hypertriglyceridaemia: who is the culprit?
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Fluid Therapy; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutary | 2019 |
Treatment patterns and associated factors in 14 668 people with type 2 diabetes initiating a second-line therapy: Results from the global DISCOVER study programme.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2019 |
Treatment patterns and associated factors in 14 668 people with type 2 diabetes initiating a second-line therapy: Results from the global DISCOVER study programme.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2019 |
Treatment patterns and associated factors in 14 668 people with type 2 diabetes initiating a second-line therapy: Results from the global DISCOVER study programme.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2019 |
Treatment patterns and associated factors in 14 668 people with type 2 diabetes initiating a second-line therapy: Results from the global DISCOVER study programme.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2019 |
Epicardial adipose tissue: An important therapeutic target.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Obesity; Pericardium | 2019 |
MODERN ASPECTS OF SUGAR-REDUCING EFFECT OF THICK BEAN EXTRACT BASED ON A TYPE II DIABETES MODEL ON THE BACKGROUND OF OBESITY.
Topics: Animals; Cell Size; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2019 |
Metformin reduces risk of varicose veins in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies | 2020 |
Metformin Associated With Increased Survival in Type 2 Diabetes Patients With Pancreatic Cancer and Lymphoma.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lymphoma; Male; Metformin; Mid | 2019 |
Metformin monotherapy significantly decreases epicardial adipose tissue thickness in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Body Mass Index; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Echocardiograph | 2019 |
Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS) as the first manifestationof type 2 diabetes in a child.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Non | 2019 |
Impact of metformin on disease control and survival in patients with head and neck cancer: a retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Head an | 2019 |
Metformin and ovarian cancer survival: is there a rational warrant for belief?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Ovarian Neoplasms | 2019 |
Should Adults with Prediabetes Be Prescribed Metformin to Prevent Diabetes Mellitus? No: Evidence Does Not Show Improvements in Patient-Oriented Outcomes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet Therapy; Exercise; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Patient O | 2019 |
Should Adults with Prediabetes Be Prescribed Metformin to Prevent Diabetes Mellitus? Yes: High-Quality Evidence Supports Metformin Use in Persons at High Risk.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Patient- | 2019 |
Effect of metformin on neurodegenerative disease among elderly adult US veterans with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Longit | 2019 |
Metformin and Sulfonylurea Use and Risk of Incident Dementia.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Databases, Factual; Dementia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationsh | 2019 |
The Impact of Testosterone on Metformin Action on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis Activity in Men: A Pilot Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Hypogonad | 2020 |
An analysis of the relative risk for goitre in euthyroid patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Goiter, Nodular; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2014 |
Effects of vildagliptin/metformin therapy on patient-reported outcomes: work productivity, patient satisfaction, and resource utilization.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Efficiency | 2013 |
Comment on: Smiechowski et al. The use of metformin and the incidence of lung cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2013;36:124-129.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Metformin | 2013 |
Response to comment on: Smiechowski et al. The use of metformin and the incidence of lung cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2013;36:124-129.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Metformin | 2013 |
Highlights from the latest pharmacogenomic genome-wide association studies.
Topics: Animals; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Biomedical Research; Brea | 2013 |
A patient-centred approach to treatment with incretin-based agents in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incretins; Insulin; Met | 2013 |
Saxagliptin + metformin. Mostly disadvantages.
Topics: Adamantane; Administration, Oral; Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Pept | 2013 |
Effects of 6 months glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist treatment on endothelial function in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Brachial Artery; Carotid Arteries; Diabetes Mellitus | 2013 |
[Relationship of consumption of high glycemic index food in the diet and levels of HbA1c in type 2 diabetic patients treated with diet and/or metformin].
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet Records; Dietary Carbohy | 2012 |
Metformin therapy and its anti-neoplastic role in systemic malignancies besides hepatocellular carcinomas.
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liver Neoplasms; | 2013 |
A case of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1β (TCF2) maturity onset diabetes of the young misdiagnosed as type 1 diabetes and treated unnecessarily with insulin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diagnostic Errors; Female; Hepatocyte Nuclear | 2013 |
Correlation between glycemic trends assessed by 24 h continuous monitoring and autonomic activity in patients with recent onset type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Autonomic Nervous System; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Cross-Sectional Studi | 2013 |
[SGLT-2-inhibitor dapagliflozin: new treatment approach for diabetes type 2--new achievements, but also new questions!].
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glipizide; Glucosides; Glycated Hemoglobin; Glycosu | 2013 |
The role of medicinal chemistry in treating obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
Topics: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2013 |
Progression to insulin for patients with diabetes mellitus on dual oral antidiabetic therapy using the US Department of Defense Database.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Drug | 2013 |
Sitagliptin pretreatment in diabetes patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome: results from the Acute Coronary Syndrome Israeli Survey (ACSIS).
Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypogly | 2013 |
Evaluating the short-term cost-effectiveness of liraglutide versus sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes failing metformin monotherapy in the United States.
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Substitution; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glycem | 2013 |
CD26/DPP4 levels in peripheral blood and T cells in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Female; Humans; Male; Metfo | 2013 |
Metformin retards aging in C. elegans by altering microbial folate and methionine metabolism.
Topics: Adenylate Kinase; Aging; Animals; Biguanides; Caenorhabditis elegans; Caenorhabditis elegans Protein | 2013 |
HbA1c targets in type 2 diabetes: guidelines and evidence.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidence-Based Medic | 2013 |
Patenting carboxyformin in the United States: how does it work and what does it mean?
Topics: Biguanides; Biomedical Research; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Approval; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2013 |
Metformin inhibits goitrogenous effects of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2013 |
The effect of high-dose insulin analog initiation therapy on lipid peroxidation products and oxidative stress markers in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dinoprost; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2013 |
Update in endocrinology: evidence published in 2012.
Topics: Biliopancreatic Diversion; Bone Density; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; | 2013 |
Trends in selection and timing of first-line pharmacotherapy in older patients with type 2 diabetes diagnosed between 1994 and 2006.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Drug Administra | 2013 |
The association between adherence to oral anti-diabetic drugs and hypoglycaemia in persons with Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Algorithms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Substitution; Drug Therapy, Com | 2013 |
Octreotide: a novel therapy for refractory sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2013 |
Kidney function decline in metformin versus sulfonylurea initiators: assessment of time-dependent contribution of weight, blood pressure, and glycemic control.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; | 2013 |
A successful case of pain management using metformin in a patient with adiposis dolorosa.
Topics: Adiposis Dolorosa; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformi | 2013 |
[Early insulin treatment in type 2 diabetes--yes].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Dia | 2013 |
Effect of insulin analog initiation therapy on LDL/HDL subfraction profile and HDL associated enzymes in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Adult; Apolipoprotein A-I; Apolipoproteins B; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; Di | 2013 |
Therapeutic improvement of glucoregulation in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients is associated with a reduction of IL-17 levels.
Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hyp | 2013 |
Antipsychotic drug-treated patients best suited for metformin therapy. Reply.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Psychoti | 2013 |
Elevation of miR-221 and -222 in the internal mammary arteries of diabetic subjects and normalization with metformin.
Topics: Aged; Biopsy; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coronary Artery Bypass; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mel | 2013 |
Metformin, at concentrations corresponding to the treatment of diabetes, potentiates the cytotoxic effects of carboplatin in cultures of ovarian cancer cells.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Carboplatin; Cell Cycle; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2013 |
Antipsychotic drug-treated patients best suited for metformin therapy.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Psychoti | 2013 |
Treatment adherence with vildagliptin compared to sulphonylurea as add-on to metformin in Muslim patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan.
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combi | 2013 |
Mortality outcomes of different sulphonylurea drugs: the results of a 14-year cohort study of type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Cohort Studies; Confounding Factors, Epidemiol | 2013 |
Breast and prostate cancer survivors in a diabetic cohort: results from the Living with Diabetes Study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Cohort Studies; Comorbidity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dia | 2013 |
[Effect of metformin on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, Toll like receptors 2/4 and C reactive protein in obese type-2 diabetic patients].
Topics: Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hu | 2012 |
[Diabetes treatment in patients with chronic kidney disease].
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Drug Substitution; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2013 |
A novel cobiotic containing a prebiotic and an antioxidant augments the glucose control and gastrointestinal tolerability of metformin: a case report.
Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; beta-Glucans; Blood Glucose; Blueberry Plants; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dieta | 2014 |
Diabetes update: screening and diagnosis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2013 |
Diabetes update: long-term treatment of adults.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Health Behavior; | 2013 |
Differences in the management of adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome across pediatric specialties.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Medicine; Androgen Antagonists; Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; Diabetes Mell | 2013 |
Diabetes mellitus with Laron syndrome: case report.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Susceptibility; Drug Monitoring; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2013 |
Inflammation and cognitive dysfunction in type 2 diabetic carotid endarterectomy patients.
Topics: Aged; Cognition Disorders; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endarterectomy, Carotid; Glyburide; Humans; Hy | 2013 |
Inflammation and cognitive dysfunction in type 2 diabetic carotid endarterectomy patients.
Topics: Aged; Cognition Disorders; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endarterectomy, Carotid; Glyburide; Humans; Hy | 2013 |
Inflammation and cognitive dysfunction in type 2 diabetic carotid endarterectomy patients.
Topics: Aged; Cognition Disorders; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endarterectomy, Carotid; Glyburide; Humans; Hy | 2013 |
Inflammation and cognitive dysfunction in type 2 diabetic carotid endarterectomy patients.
Topics: Aged; Cognition Disorders; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endarterectomy, Carotid; Glyburide; Humans; Hy | 2013 |
One year of sitagliptin treatment protects against islet amyloid-associated β-cell loss and does not induce pancreatitis or pancreatic neoplasia in mice.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination; H | 2013 |
Do published ADA studies support the ADA-EASD position statement for the management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetics?
Topics: Choice Behavior; Consensus; Decision Making; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; E | 2013 |
[How I treat ... with metformin a diabetic patient with moderate renal insufficiency].
Topics: Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; M | 2013 |
Are levothyroxine requirements lower in thyroidectomized diabetic patients on metformin treatment?
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Humans; Hypothyroidism; | 2013 |
Gemigliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor: first new anti-diabetic drug in the history of Korean pharmaceutical industry.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Industry; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2013 |
Variables involved in the discordance between HbA1c and fructosamine: the glycation gap revisited.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fructosamine; Glycated Hemoglobin; Glyc | 2013 |
What is the phenotype of patients with gastrointestinal intolerance to metformin?
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; F | 2013 |
The influence on DNA damage of glycaemic parameters, oral antidiabetic drugs and polymorphisms of genes involved in the DNA repair system.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Comet Assay; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2013 |
Mortality among veterans with type 2 diabetes initiating metformin, sulfonylurea or rosiglitazone monotherapy.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glipizide; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2013 |
Vildagliptin monotherapy. To be avoided, like other DPP-4 inhibitors.
Topics: Adamantane; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glyburide; Humans; Hypogl | 2013 |
RP-LC simultaneous quantitation of co-administered drugs for (non-insulin dependent) diabetic mellitus induced dyslipidemia in active pharmaceutical ingredient, pharmaceutical formulations and human serum with UV-detector.
Topics: Adult; Anticholesteremic Agents; Calibration; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2013 |
Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 23-2013. A 54-year-old woman with abdominal pain, vomiting, and confusion.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Acidosis, Lactic; Confusion; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diagnosis, Differential; Fem | 2013 |
The combined effect of metformin and L-cysteine on inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance in streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes in rats.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; C-Reactive Protein; Caspase 3; Chemokine CCL2; Cysteine; Cytochromes c; Diabet | 2013 |
TAK-875, a GPR40/FFAR1 agonist, in combination with metformin prevents progression of diabetes and β-cell dysfunction in Zucker diabetic fatty rats.
Topics: Animals; Benzofurans; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; | 2013 |
Cognitive and functional influences of vildagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, added to ongoing metformin therapy in elderly with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV I | 2013 |
Super learning to hedge against incorrect inference from arbitrary parametric assumptions in marginal structural modeling.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Comparative Effectiveness Research; Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; | 2013 |
Association between metformin use and risk of prostate cancer and its grade.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Canada; Case-Control Studies; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2013 |
Clinical and economical consequences of the combination of metformin with dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors in type 2 diabetes patients.
Topics: Aged; Costs and Cost Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Pept | 2013 |
Re metformin revisited: a critical review of the benefit-risk balance in at-risk patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2013 |
Changes of plasma fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) in oral glucose tolerance test and effects of metformin on FGF-21 levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Glucose Toleranc | 2013 |
Glycemic effects of vildagliptin and metformin combination therapy in Indian patients with type 2 diabetes: an observational study.
Topics: Adamantane; Blood Glucose; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitor | 2014 |
Effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in a type 2 diabetes patient with failure of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Thera | 2014 |
Comparative effectiveness and the future of clinical research in diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2013 |
Pathophysiologic approach to therapy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Algorithms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Humans; H | 2013 |
Age, renal dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, and antihyperglycemic treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus: findings from the Renal Insufficiency and Cardiovascular Events Italian Multicenter Study.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Albuminuria; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2013 |
Incretin-based therapy compared with non-insulin alternatives in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Humans; Incretins; Metformin; S | 2013 |
Circulating level of TRAIL concentration is positively associated with endothelial function and increased by diabetic therapy in the newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Brachial Artery; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug The | 2014 |
Comparison of three algorithms for initiation and titration of insulin glargine in insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fasting; Glyc | 2014 |
Metformin action in human hepatocytes: coactivation of atypical protein kinase C alters 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase effects on lipogenic and gluconeogenic enzyme expression.
Topics: Adult; Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Blotting, Western; Cells, Cultured | 2013 |
Unsubstantiated concerns over the safety of use of sulphonylureas and insulin for increased risk of diabetes complications.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Male; Metformin; Sulfonylur | 2014 |
Metformin in the treatment of obese children and adolescents at risk of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; Metformin; Pe | 2014 |
The early treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Algorithms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; Metformin; Practice | 2013 |
Branched chain and aromatic amino acids change acutely following two medical therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Amino Acids, Aromatic; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellit | 2013 |
Oral hypoglycaemic agents and the development of non-fatal cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Comorbidity; Coronary Di | 2013 |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, glycemic control, and cancer risk.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2014 |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, glycemic control, and cancer risk.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2014 |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, glycemic control, and cancer risk.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2014 |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, glycemic control, and cancer risk.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2014 |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, glycemic control, and cancer risk.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2014 |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, glycemic control, and cancer risk.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2014 |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, glycemic control, and cancer risk.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2014 |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, glycemic control, and cancer risk.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2014 |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, glycemic control, and cancer risk.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2014 |
The use of metformin and colorectal cancer incidence in patients with type II diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; | 2013 |
Metformin and the incidence of cancer in patients with diabetes: a nested case-control study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Neoplasms | 2013 |
Sitagliptin: results from clinical practice.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pyrazines; Sitagliptin Phosphate; | 2013 |
Prognostic implications of DPP-4 inhibitor vs. sulfonylurea use on top of metformin in a real world setting - results of the 1 year follow-up of the prospective DiaRegis registry.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Comb | 2013 |
Evaluating the potential benefits of metformin in patients with cardiovascular disease and heart failure.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metf | 2013 |
[Characterization of and costs associated to the profile of patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin who are added a second oral antidiabetic drug: a population study].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Health Car | 2013 |
Preadmission metformin use and mortality among intensive care patients with diabetes: a cohort study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Human | 2013 |
Relationship between metformin use, vitamin B12 deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia and vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic Retinopathy; Diet | 2013 |
The relationship between hypomagnesemia, metformin therapy and cardiovascular disease complicating type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study.
Topics: Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Magn | 2013 |
All-cause mortality and cardiovascular effects associated with the DPP-IV inhibitor sitagliptin compared with metformin, a retrospective cohort study on the Danish population.
Topics: Denmark; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Femal | 2014 |
[Toxicity of metformin, pro- or con- a future restriction to its contraindications?].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metform | 2013 |
Correlates of treatment patterns among youth with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; C-Peptide; Child; Di | 2014 |
Vitamin B12 deficiency and the lack of its consequences in type 2 diabetes patients using metformin.
Topics: Aged; Anemia; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Erythrocyte Indices; Female; Hemog | 2013 |
Metformin-induced inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory chain increases FGF21 expression via ATF4 activation.
Topics: Activating Transcription Factor 4; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Cell Line; Diabetes Melli | 2013 |
Metformin and survival in pancreatic cancer: a retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2013 |
Prediction of type 2 diabetes in women with a history of gestational diabetes using a genetic risk score.
Topics: Adult; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Disease Progression; Female; Foll | 2013 |
Angiotensin II receptor blocker telmisartan prevents new-onset diabetes in pre-diabetes OLETF rats on a high-fat diet: evidence of anti-diabetes action.
Topics: Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Animals; Benzimidazoles; Benzoates; Blood Glucose; Blood Pr | 2013 |
Assessment of serum creatinine and kidney function among incident metformin users.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Contraindications; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; F | 2013 |
Pharmacologic management of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Canada; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2013 |
[Effect of metformin on the expression of SIRT1 and UCP2 in rat liver of type 2 diabetes mellitus and nonalcoholic fatty liver].
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ion Channels; Male; Metformin; Mitochondrial Proteins; Non-alcoh | 2013 |
[Effect of metformin in elderly type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Glycat | 2013 |
Clinical decisions. Glycemic management in a patient with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hu | 2013 |
Severe lactic acidosis and acute pancreatitis associated with cimetidine in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus taking metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged, 80 and over; Cimetidine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Drug | 2013 |
Clinical pathological characteristics and prognostic analysis of diabetic women with luminal subtype breast cancer.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Kapla | 2014 |
Metabolic disease puts up a fight: microbes, metabolism and medications.
Topics: Animals; Caenorhabditis elegans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Intestines; | 2013 |
Trends in insulin initiation and treatment intensification among patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blue Cross Blue Shield Insurance Plans; Cohort Studies; Databases, Factual; Diabe | 2014 |
Potential utility of sodium selenate as an adjunct to metformin in treating type II diabetes mellitus in rats: a perspective on protein tyrosine phosphatase.
Topics: Adiponectin; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dru | 2013 |
Metformin-inclusive therapy reduces the risk of stroke in patients with diabetes: a 4-year follow-up study.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Chi-Square Distribution; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabeti | 2014 |
Metformin use and improved response to therapy in rectal cancer.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2013 |
Genetic polymorphisms potentially associated with response to metformin in postmenopausal diabetics suffering and not suffering with cancer.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alleles; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Estradiol; Female; Genotype; Hum | 2013 |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism: the possible influence of metformin therapy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ethnicity; Female; Hormon | 2014 |
Guidelines adherence in the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a historical cohort comparing the use of metformin in Quebec pre and post-Canadian Diabetes Association guidelines.
Topics: Aged; Attitude of Health Personnel; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Guideline Adherence; | 2013 |
Medical care of type 2 diabetes mellitus in light of international and national recommendations: a retrospective analysis.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Diabetic Retinopathy; Fe | 2013 |
Important treatment gaps in vascular protection for the elderly after type 2 diabetes therapy initiation.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin- | 2013 |
Discovery of p1736, a novel antidiabetic compound that improves peripheral insulin sensitivity in mice models.
Topics: Adipocytes; Aminopyridines; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Discovery; Glucose; Hyperinsuli | 2013 |
LC-MS/MS analysis of plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids in type 2 diabetic patients after insulin analog initiation therapy.
Topics: 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid; Adult; Aged; Arachidonic Acid; Chromatography, Liquid; Diabetes Mellitu | 2013 |
Fatal metformin overdose: case report and postmortem biochemistry contribution.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Overdo | 2014 |
Predictors of response to early basal insulin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes--the EARLY experience.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glycated Hemoglobin; Huma | 2014 |
The relationship between metformin therapy and sleep quantity and quality in patients with Type 2 diabetes referred for potential sleep disorders.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2014 |
Renoprotective effect of metformin.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2013 |
Management and treatment goals in Polish patients with type 2 diabetes of short duration: results of the ARETAEUS2-Grupa study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Comorbidity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hem | 2013 |
Changes in adiponectin level and fat distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adipose Tissue; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Fat Distribution; Body Weight; Diabetes Melli | 2014 |
Metformin: are potential benefits on cancer risk extended to cancer survival?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Neoplasms | 2013 |
Efficacy and safety of insulin glargine added to a fixed-dose combination of metformin and a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor: results of the GOLD observational study.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inh | 2013 |
Comment on: TODAY Study Group. Effects of metformin, metformin plus rosiglitazone, and metformin plus lifestyle on insulin sensitivity and β-cell function in TODAY. Diabetes Care 2013;36:1749-1757.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Insulin-Secretin | 2013 |
Genetic risk of progression to type 2 diabetes and response to intensive lifestyle or metformin in prediabetic women with and without a history of gestational diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Disease Progression; | 2014 |
Efficacy of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and intensive medical management in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Female; G | 2014 |
Metformin nephrotoxicity insights: will they change clinical management?
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Ther | 2014 |
Effects of metformin on CD133+ colorectal cancer cells in diabetic patients.
Topics: AC133 Antigen; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antigens, CD; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; beta | 2013 |
Glibenclamide reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine production by neutrophils of diabetes patients in response to bacterial infection.
Topics: Burkholderia pseudomallei; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Susceptibility; Glyburide; Humans; Hyp | 2013 |
[Sitagliptin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: insights five years after commercialisation].
Topics: Belgium; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dose-Response Relationship, | 2013 |
Lactic acidosis induced by metformin in a chronic hemodialysis patient with diabetes mellitus type 2.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Chronic Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inc | 2014 |
Sitagliptin reduces cardiac apoptosis, hypertrophy and fibrosis primarily by insulin-dependent mechanisms in experimental type-II diabetes. Potential roles of GLP-1 isoforms.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cardiomegaly; Cardiotonic Agents; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Di | 2013 |
Use patterns of antidiabetic regimens by patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antidiuretic Agents; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hum | 2013 |
Combining metformin and aerobic exercise training in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and NAFLD in OLETF rats.
Topics: Animals; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatt | 2014 |
An unusual case of metformin associated lactic acidosis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Risk Factors | 2002 |
Metformin treatment may be associated with decreased levels of NT-proBNP in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aged; Atherosclerosis; Biguanides; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coronary Ar | 2013 |
Real-life efficacy and safety of vildagliptin compared with sulfonylureas as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Germany.
Topics: Adamantane; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Female; Germany; Humans; | 2014 |
Metformin improves survival in intensive care unit patients, but why?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Intensive Care Units; Male; Metformi | 2013 |
[Safety is the issue again].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Congresses as Topic; Diabetes Mellitu | 2013 |
[Prospective, multicentric, non-interventional study to assess the existing treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy - KOMETA CZ].
Topics: Czech Republic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Substitution; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gly | 2013 |
Comment on Hong et al. Effects of metformin versus glipizide on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. Diabetes care 2013;36:1304-1311.
Topics: Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glipizide; Humans; Male; Metformin | 2014 |
Response to comment on Hong et al. Effects of metformin versus glipizide on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. Diabetes care 2013;36:1304-1311.
Topics: Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glipizide; Humans; Male; Metformin | 2014 |
[Anti-diabetes agents and hypoglycemia].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformin; Sulfonylur | 2013 |
[Effects of anti-diabetic therapy on overweight/obesity and dyslipidemia: traditional hypoglycemic agents (metformin, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones) versus glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors].
Topics: Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; | 2013 |
Metformin modulates hyperglycaemia-induced endothelial senescence and apoptosis through SIRT1.
Topics: Acetylation; Adenylate Kinase; Animals; Apoptosis; beta-Galactosidase; Blotting, Western; Capillarie | 2014 |
A quantitative measure of diabetes risk in community practice impacts clinical decisions: the PREVAIL initiative.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Community Health Services; Decision Support Techniques; Diabet | 2014 |
Assessing the impact of propensity score estimation and implementation on covariate balance and confounding control within and across important subgroups in comparative effectiveness research.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Comorbidity; Comparative Effectiveness Research; Confounding Factors, Epid | 2014 |
Clinical decisions. Management of type 2 diabetes--polling results.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exercise; | 2014 |
Combining sitagliptin/metformin with a functional fiber delays diabetes progression in Zucker rats.
Topics: Alginates; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Drug Combinations | 2014 |
Cerebral hemodynamics and systemic endothelial function are already impaired in well-controlled type 2 diabetic patients, with short-term disease.
Topics: Aged; Autonomic Nervous System; Case-Control Studies; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Diabetes Mellitus | 2013 |
Metformin induces renal medullary interstitial cell apoptosis in type 2 diabetic mice.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Apoptosis; Blotting, Western; Cell S | 2014 |
Metformin usage in type 2 diabetes mellitus: are safety guidelines adhered to?
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Guideline Adherence; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2014 |
Metformin accumulation without hyperlactataemia and metformin-induced hyperlactataemia without metformin accumulation.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Hypersensitivi | 2014 |
Characterization of the exocrine pancreas in the male Zucker diabetic fatty rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus following 3 months of treatment with sitagliptin.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cell Proliferation; Diabetes Mellitus, Ex | 2014 |
Effective assessment of diabetes control using personal glucometers (CONTOURLINK, Bayer, Germany; CALLA, Wellion, Austria; LINUS, Agamatrix, USA).
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2013 |
Metformin reduces NAD(P)H oxidase activity in mouse cultured podocytes through purinergic dependent mechanism by increasing extracellular ATP concentration.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ex | 2013 |
Anti-diabetic drug utilization of pregnant diabetic women in us managed care.
Topics: Adult; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; | 2014 |
CYP2C9, KCNJ11 and ABCC8 polymorphisms and the response to sulphonylurea treatment in type 2 diabetes patients.
Topics: Aged; Alleles; Blood Glucose; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genotype; | 2014 |
Modeling effects of SGLT-2 inhibitor dapagliflozin treatment versus standard diabetes therapy on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes.
Topics: Amputation, Surgical; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cardiovascul | 2014 |
Comment on Du Q, Wu B, Wang YJ, et al. Comparative effects of sitagliptin and metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. Curr Med Res Opin 2013;29:1487-94.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pyrazines; Triazoles | 2014 |
[Liraglutide in polycystic ovary syndrome].
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Synergism; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Hirsutism; Humans | 2014 |
Metformin causing vitamin B12 deficiency: a guilty verdict without sufficient evidence.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Nutrition Surveys; Vitamin B 12 D | 2014 |
[Metformin poisoning--clinical features, diagnostics and treatment--case presentations].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Overdose; Fatal Outcome; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2013 |
How to prevent and treat pharmacological hypoglycemias.
Topics: Anticholesteremic Agents; Antihypertensive Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hyperc | 2014 |
[Metformin, renal function and lactate: the MetClear Study].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, D | 2014 |
Hypoglycemia, its implications in clinical practice, and possible ways to prevent it.
Topics: Adamantane; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Female; Glipizide; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Male; Me | 2014 |
[Aims of the diabetes passport].
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Documentation; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Heal | 2013 |
Cohort study of diabetes in HIV-infected adult patients: evaluating the effect of diabetes mellitus on immune reconstitution.
Topics: Adult; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Case-Control Studies; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; CD4-Positi | 2014 |
[Metformin-associated lactic acidosis in the Intensive Care Unit].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bicarbonates; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitu | 2014 |
Incidence of bladder cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin or sulfonylureas.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Huma | 2014 |
KDT501, a derivative from hops, normalizes glucose metabolism and body weight in rodent models of diabetes.
Topics: Adipocytes; Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; D | 2014 |
Metformin may reduce bladder cancer risk in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2014 |
Quality measure attainment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Card | 2014 |
Adding a DPP-4 inhibitor to metformin therapy may be safer than you think.
Topics: Adamantane; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Male; Metformin; Nitriles; Pyrrolidines; Sulf | 2014 |
Therapeutic potential of the anti-diabetic agent metformin in targeting the skin cancer stem cell diaspora.
Topics: Chemoprevention; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Mel | 2014 |
Mortality risk with sulphonylureas compared to metformin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Ris | 2014 |
Direct inhibitory effects of pioglitazone on hepatic fetuin-A expression.
Topics: alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein; Anilides; Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gene Expres | 2014 |
Second-line agents for glycemic control for type 2 diabetes: are newer agents better?
Topics: Amputation, Surgical; Blood Glucose; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Melli | 2014 |
Type 2 diabetes as a redox disease.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Antioxidants; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; | 2014 |
Metformin in peritoneal dialysis: a pilot experience.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin | 2014 |
Metformin-induced lactic acidosis associated with multiorganic failure.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; | 2013 |
Long-term metformin use reduces gastric cancer risk in type 2 diabetics without insulin treatment: a nationwide cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Femal | 2014 |
Acarbose: an alternative to metformin for first-line treatment in type 2 diabetes?
Topics: Acarbose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin | 2014 |
Acarbose vs metformin for new-onset type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Acarbose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin | 2014 |
Acarbose vs metformin for new-onset type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Acarbose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin | 2014 |
Acarbose vs metformin for new-onset type 2 diabetes--author's reply.
Topics: Acarbose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin | 2014 |
Use of antidiabetic drugs in the U.S., 2003-2012.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Prescriptions; Drug Thera | 2014 |
[Genetic testing of constitutive sensitivity to metformin in cancer patients with and without diabetes].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; Antineoplastic Agents; Diabete | 2013 |
A multistate model and an algorithm for measuring long-term adherence to medication: a case of diabetes mellitus type 2.
Topics: Age Factors; Algorithms; Chronic Disease; Cohort Studies; Denmark; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans | 2014 |
A "spoonful of sugar" and the realities of diabetes prevention!
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; M | 2014 |
The "slower" the better.
Topics: Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Humans; Hypogl | 2014 |
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors have protective effect on cognitive impairment in aged diabetic patients with mild cognitive impairment.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2014 |
Long term use of metformin leading to vitamin B 12 deficiency.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Vitamin B 12 Defici | 2014 |
Pantoprazole may improve beta cell function and diabetes mellitus.
Topics: 2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Cohort Studies; | 2014 |
Prescription-medication sharing among family members: an unrecognized cause of a serious drug adverse event in a patient with impaired renal function.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Drug-Related Side Effects | 2015 |
"Lending a hand" to patients with type 2 diabetes: a simple way to communicate treatment goals.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Communication; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Goal | 2014 |
Metformin OK in CKD?
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Renal Insuffici | 2014 |
Diffuse bowel uptake of 18F-FDG on PET/CT examination of a patient with diabetes treated with metformin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Intestinal Mucosa; I | 2014 |
Cost-effectiveness of metformin plus vildagliptin compared with metformin plus sulphonylurea for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a Portuguese healthcare system perspective.
Topics: Adamantane; Computer Simulation; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2014 |
Prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus on metformin: a case control study from Pakistan.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; M | 2013 |
Association between first-line monotherapy with sulphonylurea versus metformin and risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events: a retrospective, observational study.
Topics: Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Follow-Up Studie | 2014 |
Diabetes, sleep and metformin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Sleep; Sleep Wake D | 2014 |
Poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with a decreased risk of incident gout: a population-based case-control study.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobi | 2015 |
[Researchers illuminate diabetes therapy].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated H | 2014 |
Heritability of variation in glycaemic response to metformin: a genome-wide complex trait analysis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; | 2014 |
Personalising metformin therapy: a clinician's perspective.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; | 2014 |
Anakinra treatment in patients with gout and type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Allopurinol; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antirheumatic Agents; | 2015 |
Commentary: metformin use is associated with reduced gastric cancer risk.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Stomach Neoplasms | 2014 |
Commentary: metformin use is associated with reduced gastric cancer risk - authors' reply.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Stomach Neoplasms | 2014 |
The role of clinical response to metformin in patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes: a monotherapy study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genotype; Genotyping Techniques; Humans; Male; Metfo | 2015 |
[Potential sensitivity to metformin of the diabetics suffering and not suffering with cancer: a pharmacogenetic study].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biotransformation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genome-Wide As | 2013 |
Daily exercise training protects against albuminuria and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 shedding in db/db diabetic mice.
Topics: Albuminuria; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; Animals; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Complicat | 2014 |
Combination therapy with metformin plus sulphonylureas versus metformin plus DPP-4 inhibitors: association with major adverse cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2014 |
Effect of metformin on periimplant wound healing in a rat model of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Bone Remodeling; Dental Implants; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, | 2014 |
Effects of metformin on the cerebral metabolic changes in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Brain; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Magnetic Resonance Imag | 2014 |
Tofogliflozin: the road goes ever on.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucoside | 2014 |
Metformin inhibits proliferation and enhances chemosensitivity of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cell lines.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; Bile Duct Neoplasms; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Cell Line, Tumo | 2014 |
Large volume sample stacking for rapid and sensitive determination of antidiabetic drug metformin in human urine and serum by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection.
Topics: Calibration; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Met | 2014 |
Predictors of non-adherence to pharmacotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, | 2014 |
China type 2 diabetes treatment status survey of treatment pattern of oral drugs users
Topics: Administration, Oral; China; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidas | 2015 |
Metformin may reduce breast cancer risk in Taiwanese women with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Middle | 2014 |
[Difficult diagnosis in a 17-year-old patient: Type 1 diabetes? Type 2 diabetes? Or "double diabetes"?].
Topics: Adolescent; Autoantibodies; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Cation Transport Proteins; Comorbidity; Diabet | 2014 |
Cardiovascular safety of combination therapies with incretin-based drugs and metformin compared with a combination of metformin and sulphonylurea in type 2 diabetes mellitus--a retrospective nationwide study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Denmark; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; | 2014 |
Cost-effectiveness of dapagliflozin (Forxiga®) added to metformin compared with sulfonylurea added to metformin in type 2 diabetes in the Nordic countries.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Computer Simulation; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Co | 2015 |
Risk of lactic acidosis or elevated lactate concentrations in metformin users with renal impairment: a population-based cohort study.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Human | 2014 |
Metformin suppresses gluconeogenesis by inhibiting mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gluconeogenesis; Glycerolphospha | 2014 |
Metformin suppresses gluconeogenesis by inhibiting mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gluconeogenesis; Glycerolphospha | 2014 |
Metformin suppresses gluconeogenesis by inhibiting mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gluconeogenesis; Glycerolphospha | 2014 |
Metformin suppresses gluconeogenesis by inhibiting mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gluconeogenesis; Glycerolphospha | 2014 |
Genetic variants in transcription factors are associated with the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genome-Wide Associati | 2014 |
[Initial treatment of type 2 diabetes: metformin also for the Chinese!].
Topics: Acarbose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin | 2014 |
Regional variation in medication-taking behaviour of new users of oral anti-hyperglycaemic therapy in Ireland.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Comorbidity; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Prescriptions; Female; | 2015 |
Predictors of insulin initiation in metformin and sulfonylurea users in primary care practices: the role of kidney function.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Kidney Functio | 2014 |
Convergence of IPMK and LKB1-AMPK signaling pathways on metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Diabetes Melli | 2014 |
Acute renal failure and metformin-associated lactic acidosis following colonoscopy.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Colonoscopy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; | 2014 |
Incidence of lactic acidosis in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without renal impairment treated with metformin: a retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2014 |
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis presenting as an ischemic gut in a patient who then survived a cardiac arrest: a case report.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Heart Arrest; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2014 |
Additive effects of blood glucose lowering drugs, statins and renin-angiotensin system blockers on all-site cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose; Hemoglobin A; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutar | 2014 |
Effects of fasting blood glucose levels and blood pressure and treatment of diabetes and hypertension on the incidence of cardiovascular disease: a study of 740 patients with incident Type 2 diabetes with up to 30 years' follow-up.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2014 |
Metformin does not affect cancer risk: a cohort study in the U.K. Clinical Practice Research Datalink analyzed like an intention-to-treat trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Stu | 2014 |
Stent thrombosis is not increased following percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus taking metformin.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug-Eluting Stents; Female; Humans; Male; Metformin; Middle Aged; | 2014 |
Influence of duration and dose of metformin on cobalamin deficiency in type 2 diabetes patients using metformin.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; | 2015 |
Oncobiguanides: Paracelsus' law and nonconventional routes for administering diabetobiguanides for cancer treatment.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Neoplasms | 2014 |
GLP-1 agonism stimulates brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and browning through hypothalamic AMPK.
Topics: Adipose Tissue, Brown; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; Animals | 2014 |
Does long-term metformin usage reduce gastric cancer risk?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Stomach Neoplasms | 2014 |
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes may reduce the risk of autoimmune diseases: a population-based cohort study.
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoimmune Diseases; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2015 |
Differing effects of metformin on glycemic control by race-ethnicity.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Black or African American; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Electronic Health Records; Female | 2014 |
The association of diabetes and anti-diabetic medications with clinical outcomes in multiple myeloma.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Female; | 2014 |
[The secret world of the microbiom. Do bacteria make us fat?].
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Intestines; Metabolic Syndrome; Metformin; Microbiota; O | 2014 |
Acute metformin intoxication: 2012 experience of Emergency Departement of Lodi, Italy.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Hemodynamics | 2014 |
The effect of metformin on breast cancer outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Agents; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast; | 2014 |
SGLT-2 inhibitors as second-line therapy in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Th | 2014 |
Metformin impairs mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle of both lean and diabetic rats in a dose-dependent manner.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Insulin; M | 2014 |
Cost-effectiveness of add-on treatments to metformin in a Swedish setting: liraglutide vs sulphonylurea or sitagplitin.
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-Like P | 2014 |
Metformin and cancer: mounting evidence against an association.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Male; Metformin; Sulfonylurea Compounds; Urinary Bladder | 2014 |
How are patients with type 2 diabetes and renal disease monitored and managed? Insights from the observational OREDIA study.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Ne | 2014 |
Use of metformin and vildagliptin for treatment of type 2 diabetes in the elderly.
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2014 |
Partial hepatic resistance to IL-6-induced inflammation develops in type 2 diabetic mice, while the anti-inflammatory effect of AMPK is maintained.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Blood | 2014 |
A comparison of all-cause mortality with pioglitazone and insulin in type 2 diabetes: an expanded analysis from a retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; | 2014 |
Pharmacist review prevents evolving metformin-associated lactic acidosis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Community Pharmacy Services; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2014 |
Diazepam potentiates the antidiabetic, antistress and anxiolytic activities of metformin in type-2 diabetes mellitus with cooccurring stress in experimental animals.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diazepam; | 2014 |
Dapagliflozin--do we need it registered for type 2 diabetes?
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucosides; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ma | 2014 |
The use of metformin in patients with prostate cancer and the risk of death.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; | 2014 |
Effects of metformin and other biguanides on oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria.
Topics: Animals; Antimalarials; Antineoplastic Agents; Biguanides; Cattle; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Electr | 2014 |
Antidiabetic effects of the Cimicifuga racemosa extract Ze 450 in vitro and in vivo in ob/ob mice.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Benzophenanthridines; Berberine Alkaloids; Blood Glucose; Bo | 2014 |
The role of genetic factors and kidney and liver function in glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients on long-term metformin and sulphonylurea cotreatment.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Female; Genotype; Glycated Hemogl | 2014 |
Can genetics improve precision of therapy in diabetes?
Topics: Biological Availability; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase | 2014 |
Impaired fibrous repair: a possible contributor to atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability in patients with type II diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Carotid Artery Diseases; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diseas | 2014 |
Effect of metformin on metabolic improvement and gut microbiota.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Clostridium; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabe | 2014 |
Optimizing clinical outcomes resulting from glucose-lowering therapies in type 2 diabetes: increased confidence about the DPP-4 inhibitors and continued concerns regarding sulphonylureas and exogenous insulin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2014 |
Metformin and the risk of head and neck cancer: a case-control analysis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body Mass Index; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fe | 2014 |
Can people with type 2 diabetes live longer than those without? A comparison of mortality in people initiated with metformin or sulphonylurea monotherapy and matched, non-diabetic controls.
Topics: Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2014 |
Association of vitamin B12 deficiency and metformin use in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Area Under Curve; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2014 |
Predictive factors for the efficacy of switch to oral hypoglycemic agents in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients with intensive insulin therapy temporarily introduced.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pe | 2014 |
Validating drug repurposing signals using electronic health records: a case study of metformin associated with reduced cancer mortality.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Repositioning; Electronic Health Record | 2015 |
The effect of metformin on androgen production in diabetic women with non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
Topics: 17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital; Adult; Androgens; Blood Glucose; Dehy | 2014 |
Retrospective analysis of the effects of steroid therapy and antidiabetic medication on survival in diabetic glioblastoma patients.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Agents; Brain Neoplasms; Cohort Studies; | 2013 |
Metformin pharmacogenomics: current status and future directions.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agent | 2014 |
Metformin pharmacogenomics: biomarkers to mechanisms.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pharmacogenetics | 2014 |
Metformin supports the antidiabetic effect of a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor by suppressing endogenous glucose production in diabetic mice.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Th | 2015 |
[European guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes and cardiovascular diseases: what's new?].
Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2014 |
Metformin/glibenclamide-related interstitial lung disease: a case report.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Substitution; | 2014 |
Perioperative management of diabetic patients: new controversies.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Glyc | 2014 |
Healthcare costs of the combination of metformin/dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors compared with metformin/other oral antidiabetes agents in patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diab | 2014 |
[Do not stop metformin when the patient is cirrhotic].
Topics: Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liver Cirrhosis; Metformin; | 2014 |
Metformin use among type 2 diabetics and risk of pancreatic cancer in a clinic-based case-control study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; L | 2015 |
Long-term use of metformin and colorectal cancer risk in type II diabetics: a population-based case-control study.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fema | 2014 |
Anti-diabetic medications and risk of primary liver cancer in persons with type II diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Child; Databases, Factual; Diabete | 2014 |
Metformin may be associated with false-negative cancer detection in the gastrointestinal tract on PET/CT.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; False Negative Reactions; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Metformin; Neop | 2014 |
Association of metformin with lower atrial fibrillation risk among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based dynamic cohort and in vitro studies.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Atrial Fibrillation; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studi | 2014 |
Is metformin ready for prime time in pregnancy? Probably not yet.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Po | 2015 |
Diabetes in an older woman living in a long-term care residence.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Frail Elderly; Hom | 2015 |
Patterns and determinants of new first-line antihyperglycaemic drug use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Germany; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformi | 2014 |
[Effects of metformin therapy on serum CA125 levels and its related factors in type 2 diabetics].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; CA-125 Antigen; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Human | 2014 |
Beyond metformin: safety considerations in the decision-making process for selecting a second medication for type 2 diabetes management: reflections from a diabetes care editors' expert forum.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Disease Management; Expert Testimony; | 2014 |
Sulfonylurea use and incident cardiovascular disease among patients with type 2 diabetes: prospective cohort study among women.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fe | 2014 |
Development of heart failure in Medicaid patients with type 2 diabetes treated with pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, or metformin.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies; Fee-for-Service Plans; Fema | 2014 |
The evaluation of clinical and cost outcomes associated with earlier initiation of insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Cost Savings; Costs and Cost Analysis; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2014 |
Hyperglycemia in the intensive care unit: is insulin the only option?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Intensive Care Units; Male; Metformi | 2013 |
It's not black and white: individualizing metformin treatment in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Black or African American; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Male; Metformin | 2014 |
Proton pump inhibitors do not impair the effectiveness of metformin in patients with diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Female; Glyca | 2015 |
Metformin significantly reduces incident prostate cancer risk in Taiwanese men with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inciden | 2014 |
Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of lifestyle modification versus metformin therapy for the prevention of diabetes in Singapore.
Topics: Behavior Therapy; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Health Care Costs; Humans; Hypog | 2014 |
Sulfonylurea in combination with insulin is associated with increased mortality compared with a combination of insulin and metformin in a retrospective Danish nationwide study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Denmark; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Drug Therapy, Combination; F | 2015 |
Effective weight loss after treatment with a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist in a morbidly obese and diabetic patient before bariatric surgery: a case report.
Topics: Adult; Bariatric Surgery; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Female; G | 2014 |
Diabetes mellitus and ovarian cancer: more complex than just increasing risk.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Papillary; Aged; Carcinoma, Endometrioid; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; Comorbidity | 2014 |
Benefit of Metformin in COPD: An Effect on Autonomic Nervous System?
Topics: Autonomic Nervous System; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pulmona | 2015 |
Metformin and low levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Hypothyroidism; Longitudinal S | 2014 |
The cardiovascular effects of metformin: lost in translation?
Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Atrial Remodeling; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Clinical Trials as Topi | 2014 |
[Meilian Xiaoke capsule combined with metformin for protecting islet cells and lowering blood glucose in diabetic rats].
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Synergism; | 2014 |
Metformin decreases lung cancer risk in diabetic patients in a dose-dependent manner.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2014 |
[Hormonal deficiencies in the elderly: is there a role for replacement therapy?].
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Aged; Aging; Androgens; Dehydroepiandrosterone; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; F | 2014 |
Factors affecting the decline in incidence of diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (DPPOS).
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Male; Metformin; Mi | 2015 |
Factors affecting the decline in incidence of diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (DPPOS).
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Male; Metformin; Mi | 2015 |
Factors affecting the decline in incidence of diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (DPPOS).
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Male; Metformin; Mi | 2015 |
Factors affecting the decline in incidence of diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (DPPOS).
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Male; Metformin; Mi | 2015 |
Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with adverse lipid profile in Europeans and Indians with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Asian People; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Europe; Female; Humans; Hyp | 2014 |
The pharmacokinetics of metformin and concentrations of haemoglobin A1C and lactate in Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Australia; Creatinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin | 2015 |
Economic implications of weight change in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Body Weight; Cost Savings; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Health Care Costs; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2014 |
RS11212617 is associated with metformin treatment response in type 2 diabetes in Shanghai local Chinese population.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asian People; Blood Glucose; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationsh | 2014 |
Type II diabetes and its therapy in clinical practice - results from the standardised non-interventional registry SIRTA.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated H | 2014 |
Higher prevalence of metformin-induced vitamin B12 deficiency in sulfonylurea combination compared with insulin combination in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Insulin; Male | 2014 |
Drug utilization, safety, and effectiveness of exenatide, sitagliptin, and vildagliptin for type 2 diabetes in the real world: data from the Italian AIFA Anti-diabetics Monitoring Registry.
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Utilization; Drug-Rela | 2014 |
Metformin reduces thyroid cancer risk in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Asian People; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; | 2014 |
[Sulphonylurea derivatives or insulin with metformin?].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Resistance; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2014 |
Cobalamin status and its relation with depression, cognition and neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cognition; Depressive Disorder; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Neuropathies; Femal | 2015 |
The target of metformin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate; Gluconeogenesis; Glycerolphosphate D | 2014 |
Metformin and prognosis of critical illness: a question of timing?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Intensive Care Units; Male; Metformi | 2013 |
The safety of sulfonylurea therapy in type 2 diabetes: have we reached the practical limits of our evidence base?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Male; Metformin; Sulfonylur | 2015 |
Is insulin the most effective injectable antihyperglycaemic therapy?
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Fasting; Female; Glucagon-Like Pep | 2015 |
GLUT12 deficiency during early development results in heart failure and a diabetic phenotype in zebrafish.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Genetically Modified; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies; Diseas | 2015 |
A safe and effective drug?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; New Zealand; Product Surveillance | 2014 |
The prevalence of low vitamin B12 status in people with type 2 diabetes receiving metformin therapy in New Zealand--a clinical audit.
Topics: Age Factors; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2014 |
Evaluation approach can significantly influence oral glucose-lowering drugs total mortality risks in retrospective cohorts of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gliclazide; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metform | 2014 |
Are sulfonylurea and insulin therapies associated with a larger risk of cancer than metformin therapy? A retrospective database analysis.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Germany; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; In | 2015 |
[Effects of sulfonylureas on patients with type 2 diabetes and acute nonlacunar ischemic stroke].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformin; Stroke; Sulfonylurea Com | 2014 |
Refitting of the UKPDS 68 risk equations to contemporary routine clinical practice data in the UK.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Databases, Factua | 2015 |
Comment and response to: dapagliflozin - do we need it registered for type 2 diabetes?
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucosides; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ma | 2014 |
A decision support tool for appropriate glucose-lowering therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Clinical Protocols; Comorbidity; Decision Support Systems, Clinical; Diabetes Melli | 2015 |
Relationship between metformin and frailty syndrome in elderly people with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Frail Elderly; Ger | 2014 |
Relationship between metformin and frailty syndrome in elderly people with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Frail Elderly; Ger | 2014 |
Relationship between metformin and frailty syndrome in elderly people with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Frail Elderly; Ger | 2014 |
Relationship between metformin and frailty syndrome in elderly people with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Frail Elderly; Ger | 2014 |
Is your patient on target? Optimizing diabetes management.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hyp | 2014 |
Metformin effects on malignant cells and healthy PBMC; the influence of metformin on the phenotype of breast cancer cells.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Proliferation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; F | 2015 |
Metformin has wider implications than diabetes.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Longevity; Metformin | 2014 |
What is the best approach to glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes?
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2015 |
Lifestyle factors associated with type 2 diabetes and use of different glucose-lowering drugs: cross-sectional study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; | 2014 |
Metformin promotes irisin release from murine skeletal muscle independently of AMP-activated protein kinase activation.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitu | 2015 |
Using Boolean Logic Modeling of Gene Regulatory Networks to Exploit the Links Between Cancer and Metabolism for Therapeutic Purposes.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Computational Biology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gene Regulatory Networks; H | 2016 |
Sensitivity analysis of methods for active surveillance of acute myocardial infarction using electronic databases.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformi | 2015 |
Helicobacter pylori infection decreases metformin tolerance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Breath Tests; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gastrointestinal Tract; | 2015 |
Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase by metformin protects human coronary artery endothelial cells against diabetic lipoapoptosis.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Apoptosis; Cells, Cultured; Coronary Vessels; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2014 |
One author replies.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lung Neoplasms; Metformin | 2014 |
Re.: "Reduced risk of lung cancer with metformin therapy in diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis".
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lung Neoplasms; Metformin | 2014 |
Metformin does not improve survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans | 2014 |
Increased large VLDL particles confer elevated cholesteryl ester transfer in diabetes.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; Cholesterol, LDL; Cholesterol, VLDL; Diab | 2015 |
Re: "reduced risk of lung cancer with metformin therapy in diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis".
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lung Neoplasms; Metformin | 2014 |
One author replies.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lung Neoplasms; Metformin | 2014 |
[Diabetes can even prolong life?].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Myocardial Infarcti | 2014 |
Observational and clinical trial findings on the comparative effectiveness of diabetes drugs showed agreement.
Topics: Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Me | 2015 |
Association between ferritin and hepcidin levels and inflammatory status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; F | 2015 |
Metformin in combination with various insulin secretagogues in type 2 diabetes and associated risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality--a retrospective nationwide study.
Topics: Aged; Carbamates; Cardiovascular Diseases; Denmark; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combina | 2015 |
TallyHO obese female mice experience poor reproductive outcomes and abnormal blastocyst metabolism that is reversed by metformin.
Topics: 3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Apoptosis; Blastocyst; Blo | 2014 |
Metformin alleviates hepatosteatosis by restoring SIRT1-mediated autophagy induction via an AMP-activated protein kinase-independent pathway.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Autophagy; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Caloric Restriction; | 2015 |
Influence of SLC22A1 rs622342 genetic polymorphism on metformin response in South Indian type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genotyping Techniques; Humans; Hypog | 2015 |
A new blood glucose management algorithm for type 2 diabetes: a position statement of the Australian Diabetes Society.
Topics: Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glycated H | 2014 |
Capitalizing on prescribing pattern variation to compare medications for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Hypogly | 2014 |
Metformin use and the risk of esophageal cancer in Barrett esophagus.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Barrett Esophagus; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Me | 2014 |
Metformin use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with reduced risk of deep vein thrombosis: a non-randomized, pair-matched cohort study.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; M | 2014 |
Initial therapy, persistence and regimen change in a cohort of newly treated type 2 diabetes patients.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Comorbidity; Databases, Pharmaceutical; Diabetes Mellit | 2015 |
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis and temporary ileostomy: a case report.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Adm | 2014 |
Metformin and survival in diabetic patients with breast cancer.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease-Free Survi | 2014 |
(5) Prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Ob | 2015 |
(7) Approaches to glycemic treatment.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibit | 2015 |
Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: a patient-centered approach: update to a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Disease Man | 2015 |
Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: a patient-centered approach: update to a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Disease Man | 2015 |
Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: a patient-centered approach: update to a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Disease Man | 2015 |
Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: a patient-centered approach: update to a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Disease Man | 2015 |
Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: a patient-centered approach: update to a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Disease Man | 2015 |
Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: a patient-centered approach: update to a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Disease Man | 2015 |
Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: a patient-centered approach: update to a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Disease Man | 2015 |
Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: a patient-centered approach: update to a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Disease Man | 2015 |
Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: a patient-centered approach: update to a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Disease Man | 2015 |
Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: a patient-centered approach: update to a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Disease Man | 2015 |
Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: a patient-centered approach: update to a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Disease Man | 2015 |
Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: a patient-centered approach: update to a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Disease Man | 2015 |
Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: a patient-centered approach: update to a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Disease Man | 2015 |
Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: a patient-centered approach: update to a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Disease Man | 2015 |
Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: a patient-centered approach: update to a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Disease Man | 2015 |
Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: a patient-centered approach: update to a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Disease Man | 2015 |
Should sulfonylureas remain an acceptable first-line add-on to metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes? Yes, they continue to serve us well!
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insurance, Hea | 2015 |
Should sulfonylureas remain an acceptable first-line add-on to metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes? No, it's time to move on!
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypo | 2015 |
Effect of bariatric surgery combined with medical therapy versus intensive medical therapy or calorie restriction and weight loss on glycemic control in Zucker diabetic fatty rats.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Combined Mod | 2015 |
[During therapy with metformin pay attention to TSH!].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Hypothyroidism; Male; Metformin; Thy | 2014 |
Metformin reduces serum CA199 levels in type 2 diabetes Chinese patients with time-effect and gender difference.
Topics: Asian People; Blood Glucose; CA-19-9 Antigen; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; | 2015 |
Cardiovascular risk associated with acarbose versus metformin as the first-line treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide cohort study.
Topics: Acarbose; Adult; Aged; Cardiotonic Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitu | 2015 |
Author’s response.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucosides; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ma | 2014 |
Effects of Teraphy with Basal Insulin Analogues Combined with GLP 1 Analogues and Metformin in the Treatment of Obese Patients with Poorly Regulated Postprandial Glycemia.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; | 2014 |
Antidiabetic treatment patterns in a medicare advantage population in the United States.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mell | 2015 |
Metformin-related acidosis in a woman while performing Haj: a conservative approach.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Dehydration; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Islam | 2015 |
Clinical effectiveness and safety of vildagliptin in >19 000 patients with type 2 diabetes: the GUARD study.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dru | 2015 |
[Guidelines for the management of diabetes mellitus type 2].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Design; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2014 |
Estimating Cost-Effectiveness in Type 2 Diabetes: The Impact of Treatment Guidelines and Therapy Duration.
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Decision Making; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Guidelines a | 2015 |
Teaching NeuroImages: the lentiform fork sign: an MRI pattern of metformin-associated encephalopathy.
Topics: Brain Diseases; Corpus Striatum; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Mag | 2015 |
The proliferation of irrational metformin fixed-dose combinations in India.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Approval; Drug Combinations; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; India; Met | 2015 |
Gastric cancer. Metformin improves survival and recurrence rate in patients with diabetes and gastric cancer.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agent | 2015 |
Correlation between baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes in a large population of diabetes patients treated with liraglutide in a real-world setting in Italy.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemog | 2015 |
Metformin use and lung cancer risk in patients with diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Carcinoma; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2015 |
A real world comparison of sulfonylurea and insulin vs. incretin-based treatments in patients not controlled on prior metformin monotherapy.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; H | 2015 |
Time to and factors associated with insulin initiation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Colombia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glyburide; Humans; Hypo | 2015 |
Metformin action: concentrations matter.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Metformin | 2015 |
The effect of metformin on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in patients with type 2 diabetes and subclinical hyperthyroidism.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypogl | 2015 |
Comparative effectiveness of early versus delayed metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glycated Hemog | 2015 |
PRDM16 sustains white fat gene expression profile in human adipocytes in direct relation with insulin action.
Topics: Adipocytes, White; Adipogenesis; Adipose Tissue, White; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Cells, Cultured | 2015 |
The variant organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2)-T201M contribute to changes in insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin.
Topics: C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA; Female; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2015 |
Real-life safety and efficacy of vildagliptin as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes in Turkey--GALATA study.
Topics: Adamantane; Body Mass Index; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhi | 2015 |
Lifestyle changes or metformin reduce type 2 diabetes risk in women with gestational diabetes, US study shows.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; M | 2015 |
Where does combination therapy with an SGLT2 inhibitor plus a DPP-4 inhibitor fit in the management of type 2 diabetes?
Topics: Adamantane; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Female; Gluc | 2015 |
Cellular Stress, Excessive Apoptosis, and the Effect of Metformin in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetic Embryopathy.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Caspases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; Disease Models, Animal; End | 2015 |
Comparison of diabetes-associated secondary healthcare utilization between alternative oral antihyperglycaemic dual therapy combinations with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: an observational cohort study.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; | 2015 |
Metformin and salicylate synergistically activate liver AMPK, inhibit lipogenesis and improve insulin sensitivity.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Aspirin; Cardiotonic Agents; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Melli | 2015 |
Comments on "Comparison of repaglinide and metformin versus metformin alone for type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials".
Topics: Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Piperidines | 2015 |
Potential and real 'antineoplastic' and metabolic effect of metformin in diabetic and nondiabetic postmenopausal females.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; | 2015 |
The association between glucose-lowering drug use and mortality among breast cancer patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2015 |
Lactic Acidosis in a Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Acidosis, Lactic; Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatal Outcome; Human | 2015 |
Metformin utilisation in Australian community and aged care settings.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Australia; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2015 |
Combination therapy with oleanolic acid and metformin as a synergistic treatment for diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diseas | 2015 |
Combination therapy for patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus: adding empagliflozin to pioglitazone or pioglitazone plus metformin.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucosides; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ma | 2015 |
Association between worse metabolic control and increased thyroid volume and nodular disease in elderly adults with metabolic syndrome.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anthropometry; Argentina; Body Mass Index; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional | 2015 |
[Fixed-dose combination].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inositol; Isoindo | 2015 |
[Empagliflozin - the new representative of SGLT2 transporter inhibitors for the treatment of patients with diabetes 2 type].
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Czech Republic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug | 2015 |
[Obesity as a factor in the development of cancer in type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Colorectal Neoplasms; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans | 2015 |
Metformin reduces ovarian cancer risk in Taiwanese women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2015 |
Impact of Japanese regulatory action on metformin-associated lactic acidosis in type II diabetes patients.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Data Collection; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitu | 2015 |
Metformin should not be contraindicated in patients with type 2 diabetes and mild to moderate renal impairment.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Renal Insuffici | 2015 |
The combination of DPP-4 inhibitors versus sulfonylureas with metformin after failure of first-line treatment in the risk for major cardiovascular events and death.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl- | 2015 |
Add-On Treatment with Liraglutide Improves Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes on Metformin Therapy.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2015 |
Metformin activates a duodenal Ampk-dependent pathway to lower hepatic glucose production in rats.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Duodenum; Gene Exp | 2015 |
Anti-diabetic therapies and the risk of acute pancreatitis: a nationwide retrospective cohort study from Taiwan.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibito | 2015 |
Ameliorative Effect of Adjunct Therapy of Metformin with Atorvastatin on Streptozotocin-induced Diabetes Mellitus in Rats.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Atorvastatin; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellit | 2016 |
[Metformin-induced lactic acidosis : Severe symptoms with difficult diagnostics].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Carbon Dioxide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Epinephrine; Human | 2015 |
Using metformin in the presence of renal disease.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Kidney | 2015 |
Impact on glycated haemoglobin of a biological response-based measure of medication adherence.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Med | 2015 |
Impact of diabetes type II and chronic inflammation on pancreatic cancer.
Topics: Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; Animals; Cell Death; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell | 2015 |
Elevated plasma concentrations of pigment epithelium-derived factor in type 2 diabetic patients is reduced by metformin treatment in association with weight loss 2.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Eye Proteins; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Met | 2015 |
Metformin and endometrial cancer risk in Chinese women with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Taiwan.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; E | 2015 |
Early glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes and initial glucose-lowering treatment: a 13-year population-based cohort study.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Databases, Factual; Denmark; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2015 |
Risk of overall mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes on dual drug therapy including metformin: A large database study from the Cleveland Clinic.
Topics: Aged; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug T | 2016 |
Association of smoking and concomitant metformin use with cardiovascular events and mortality in people newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypogly | 2016 |
Vildagliptin as add-on therapy to insulin improves glycemic control without increasing risk of hypoglycemia in Asian, predominantly Chinese, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adamantane; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Asia; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2016 |
The influence of age and metformin treatment status on reported gastrointestinal side effects with liraglutide treatment in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; | 2015 |
Safety of metformin in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hum | 2015 |
Adherence to Metformin, Statins, and ACE/ARBs Within the Diabetes Health Plan (DHP).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Cost Sharin | 2015 |
Cost-effectiveness of saxagliptin vs glimepiride as a second-line therapy added to metformin in Type 2 diabetes in China.
Topics: Adamantane; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; China; Computer Simulation; Cost-Benefit Analy | 2015 |
Presentation of youth with type 2 diabetes in the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Child; Child, Preschool; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypog | 2016 |
Metformin Use in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With CKD: Is It Time to Liberalize Dosing Recommendations?
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Renal Insuffici | 2015 |
Progression to insulin therapy among patients with type 2 diabetes treated with sitagliptin or sulphonylurea plus metformin dual therapy.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Prescriptions; Drug Therapy, Com | 2015 |
Cardiovascular risks associated with second-line oral antidiabetic agents added to metformin in patients with Type 2 diabetes: a nationwide cohort study.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic A | 2015 |
Initiating oral anti diabetic drug: alternatives to metformin.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agent | 2015 |
Treatment maintenance duration of dual therapy with metformin and sitagliptin in type 2 diabetes: The ODYSSEE observational study.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fema | 2015 |
Metformin may improve the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer.
Topics: Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Meta-Analysis as Top | 2015 |
Metformin Use and Lung Cancer Risk--Letter.
Topics: Carcinoma; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Met | 2015 |
Scant evidence on the effectiveness of metformin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2015 |
Aldehyde inhibition of antioxidant enzymes in the blood of diabetic patients.
Topics: Aldehydes; Animals; Antioxidants; Case-Control Studies; Cattle; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Erythrocy | 2016 |
Differential cardiovascular outcomes after dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sulfonylurea, and pioglitazone therapy, all in combination with metformin, for type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2015 |
Comment on Genuth. Should sulfonylureas remain an acceptable first-line add-on to metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes? No, it's time to move on! Diabetes Care 2015;38:170-175.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Sulfonylurea Co | 2015 |
Response to comment on Genuth. Should sulfonylureas remain an acceptable first-line add-on to metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes? No, it's time to move on! Diabetes Care 2015;38:170-175.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Sulfonylurea Co | 2015 |
Use of the analytic hierarchy process for medication decision-making in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Decision Making; Decision Support Techniques; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Glycated Hemoglo | 2015 |
Capsule Commentary on Duru et al., Adherence to Metformin, Statins, and ACE/ARBs Within the Diabetes Health Plan (DHP).
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Health Benefit Plans, Employee; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA | 2015 |
Getting to goal in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes using combination drug "subtraction therapy".
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fe | 2015 |
Protonation-deprotonation and structural dynamics of antidiabetic drug metformin.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Biophysics; Cattle; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA; | 2015 |
[Non-fatal hyperkalemia in lactic acidosis due to metformin overdose. Report of one case].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Overdose; Humans; Hyperkalemia; Hypoglycemic | 2015 |
Mechanism of Altered Metformin Distribution in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis.
Topics: Animals; Choline; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypoglycemic Agents; Kidney; Liver; Metformin; Methioni | 2015 |
Diabetic silkworms for evaluation of therapeutically effective drugs against type II diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Bombyx; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Drug Evaluation, | 2015 |
Electroacupuncture plus metformin lowers glucose levels and facilitates insulin sensitivity by activating MAPK in steroid-induced insulin-resistant rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; Dexamethasone; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease | 2015 |
Oral combination therapy in primary care.
Topics: Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Combinations; Dru | 2015 |
Prescribing practices and clinical predictors of glucose-lowering therapy within the first year in people with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Body Mass Index; Cohort Studies; Denmark; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug | 2015 |
Asymptomatic chronic gastritis decreases metformin tolerance in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Chronic Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Follow-U | 2015 |
Type 2 diabetes: which glucose-lowering drug, if any, after metformin?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2015 |
The effects of insulin and liraglutide on osteoprotegerin and vascular calcification in vitro and in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Alkaline Phosphatase; Cells, Cultured; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; Coronary Vessels; | 2015 |
[Optimizing treatment of type 2 diabetic patients].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Germany; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 | 2015 |
Periaortitis induced by metformin.
Topics: Aged; Aortitis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Intra-Abdominal Fat; | 2015 |
Increased Plasma Levels of Xanthurenic and Kynurenic Acids in Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2015 |
Impact of Bromocriptine-QR Therapy on Glycemic Control and Daily Insulin Requirement in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Subjects Whose Dysglycemia Is Poorly Controlled on High-Dose Insulin: A Pilot Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Bromocriptine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dopamine Agonists; Female; Hum | 2015 |
Prognosis of small cell lung cancer patients with diabetes treated with metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Camptothecin; Case-Control Studies; Che | 2015 |
Type 2 diabetes alters metabolic and transcriptional signatures of glucose and amino acid metabolism during exercise and recovery.
Topics: Amino Acids; Blood Glucose; Calorimetry, Indirect; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2015 |
Four-Year Durability of Initial Combination Therapy with Sitagliptin and Metformin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Clinical Practice; COSMIC Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hemoglobin A; Humans; Hyp | 2015 |
Description of anti-diabetic drug utilization pre- and post-formulary restriction of sitagliptin: findings from a national health plan.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Utilization; Female; Humans; | 2015 |
Metformin Ameliorates Podocyte Damage by Restoring Renal Tissue Podocalyxin Expression in Type 2 Diabetic Rats.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypoglycemic Agents; Kidney; Ma | 2015 |
Deciphering Signaling Pathway Networks to Understand the Molecular Mechanisms of Metformin Action.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Computational Biology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gene Expression Pr | 2015 |
Metformin ameliorates ionizing irradiation-induced long-term hematopoietic stem cell injury in mice.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Cellular Senescence; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA Damage; Hematopoietic Ste | 2015 |
Total Antioxidant Status in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Palestine.
Topics: Antioxidants; Arabs; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Educational Status; | 2015 |
Regulation of Pancreatic β Cell Mass by Cross-Interaction between CCAAT Enhancer Binding Protein β Induced by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Activity.
Topics: Adamantane; Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Bindi | 2015 |
Combination Therapy of Metformin and Statin May Decrease Hepatocellular Carcinoma Among Diabetic Patients in Asia.
Topics: Aged; Asia; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy | 2015 |
Can metformin improve 'the tomorrow' of patients treated for oesophageal cancer?
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Carb | 2015 |
Extemporaneous Formulations of Metformin for Pediatric Endocrinology: Physicochemical Integrity, Cytotoxicity of Sweeteners, and Quantitation of Plasma Levels.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Cell Line, Tumor; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Chromatography, High Press | 2015 |
Metformin in chronic kidney disease: more harm than help?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic | 2015 |
Metformin use and mortality in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease: national, retrospective, observational, cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Follow-Up Stu | 2015 |
Successful Management of Type 2 Diabetes with Lifestyle Intervention: A Case Report.
Topics: Austria; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Dieta | 2014 |
A Community Health Worker Intervention for Diabetes Self-Management Among the Tz'utujil Maya of Guatemala.
Topics: Community Health Services; Community Health Workers; Community-Institutional Relations; Diabetes Mel | 2015 |
Genotoxicity evaluation of metformin and glimepiride by micronucleus assay in exfoliated urothelial cells of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA Damage; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; G | 2015 |
Anti-angiogenic effect of metformin in human liver carcinogenesis related to metabolic syndrome.
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liver Neo | 2015 |
Sulfonylurea monotherapy and emergency room utilization among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Emergency Medical Services; | 2015 |
Chronic kidney disease: Metformin increases risk of mortality in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic | 2015 |
Historical cohort analysis of treatment patterns for patients with type 2 diabetes initiating metformin monotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Monitoring; Drug Substitution; Drug The | 2015 |
Starting titrating and intensifying metformin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Hypo | 2015 |
Metformin inhibits the proliferation, metastasis, and cancer stem-like sphere formation in osteosarcoma MG63 cells in vitro.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Cycle; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell | 2015 |
Changing trends in type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment intensification, 2002-2010.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Blood Glucose; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mel | 2015 |
Case-control study of second-line therapies for type 2 diabetes in combination with metformin and the comparative risks of myocardial infarction and stroke.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic Cardiomyopath | 2015 |
[Effective prevention of coronary heart disease by early diabetes therapy].
Topics: Coronary Disease; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Early M | 2015 |
Sitagliptin in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Efficacy after five years of therapy.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hyp | 2015 |
Diabetic neuropathy is not associated with homocysteine, folate, vitamin B12 levels, and MTHFR C677T mutation in type 2 diabetic outpatients taking metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Neuropa | 2016 |
Effect of sitagliptin on epicardial fat thickness in subjects with type 2 diabetes and obesity: a pilot study.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adiposity; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Body Composition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dru | 2016 |
A patient request for some "deprescribing".
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; L | 2015 |
Spontaneous Regression of Lumbar Disc Herniation After Weight Loss: Case Report.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Intervertebral Disc Displacem | 2015 |
Effects of metformin on metabolite profiles and LDL cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Cholesterol, LDL; Cross-Sectional Studies; Delta-5 Fatty Acid Desaturase; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2015 |
Do endometrial cancer patients benefit from metformin intake?
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Endometria | 2015 |
Influence of metformin intake on the risk of bladder cancer in type 2 diabetes patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2015 |
[The impact of glycosylated hemoglobin target value in treatment guidelines on glycemic control of type 2 diabetic in Chinese cities].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asian People; Blood Glucose; China; Cities; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2015 |
The pleiotropic effects of metformin: time for prospective studies.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidence-Bas | 2015 |
Thymic emigration patterns in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Cell Movement; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2015 |
Results of the Adequacy of glycemiC Control in pAtients with type 2 Diabetes mEllitus treated with Metformin monotherapY at the maximal-tolerated dose (ACCADEMY) study.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hyperglycemia; | 2016 |
Alpha-lipoic acid reduces body weight and regulates triglycerides in obese patients with diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Body Weight; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Male; Metformin; Middle Aged; O | 2015 |
Early glycaemic control in metformin users receiving their first add-on therapy: a population-based study of 4,734 people with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV In | 2015 |
Therapy: Risk of metformin use in patients with T2DM and advanced CKD.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic | 2015 |
Prior treatment with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors is associated with better functional outcome and lower in-hospital mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted with acute ischaemic stroke.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Female; Hosp | 2015 |
Mortality and metformin use in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic | 2015 |
Mortality and metformin use in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease--Authors' reply.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic | 2015 |
Potential Impact of Prescribing Metformin According to eGFR Rather Than Serum Creatinine.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Drug | 2015 |
Treatment with metformin and a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor elevates apelin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Apelin; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2015 |
Efficacy of acarbose and metformin in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients stratified by HbA1c levels.
Topics: Acarbose; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Asian People; Blood Glucose; China; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mel | 2016 |
Metformin use and survival after colorectal cancer: A population-based cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fem | 2016 |
Prediction and validation of enzyme and transporter off-targets for metformin.
Topics: Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing); Biological Transport; Cell Line; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; HEK29 | 2015 |
[Quality of carbohydrates in the diet and their effect on metabolic control of type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet Surveys; Dietary Carb | 2014 |
Unexpectedly long half-life of metformin elimination in cases of metformin accumulation.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Algorithms; Blood; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic | 2016 |
Metformin initiation and renal impairment: a cohort study in Denmark and the UK.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Denmark; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephrop | 2015 |
Synergistic effects of metformin in combination with EGFR-TKI in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer and type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Carcinoma, Non-Small | 2015 |
Quantitative Proteome Analysis Reveals Increased Content of Basement Membrane Proteins in Arteries From Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Lower Levels Among Metformin Users.
Topics: Aged; Basement Membrane; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Mamma | 2015 |
Prevention of diabetes: more answers, more questions.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; Male; Metformin; Vascula | 2015 |
Metformin use and risk of colorectal adenoma after polypectomy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adenoma; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Colon; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fem | 2015 |
Combining metformin therapy with caloric restriction for the management of type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese rats.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; Caloric Restriction; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2015 |
Antitumor effect of metformin on cholangiocarcinoma: In vitro and in vivo studies.
Topics: Animals; Cell Proliferation; Cholangiocarcinoma; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gene Expression Regulati | 2015 |
IL-1B rs1143623 and EEF1A1P11-RPL7P9 rs10783050 polymorphisms affect the glucose-lowing efficacy of metformin in Chinese overweight or obese Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Topics: Aged; Asian People; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genotype; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypogl | 2015 |
A therapeutic TDS patch of Metformin from a HPMC-PVA blend studied with a biological membrane of fish-swim bladder: An approach for dermal application in NIDDM.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Alloxan; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2015 |
Biocompatible polymeric nanocomplexes as an intracellular stimuli-sensitive prodrug for type-2 diabetes combination therapy.
Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Cell Line, Tumor; Chitosan; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endocytosis | 2015 |
Diabetes: Metformin and renal insufficiency-is 45, or even 30, the new 60?
Topics: Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Drug Prescriptions; Female; Glomerula | 2015 |
Treatment satisfaction in type 2 diabetes patients taking empagliflozin compared with patients taking glimepiride.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Clinical Protocols; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Dru | 2016 |
GCKR and PPP1R3B identified as genome-wide significant loci for plasma lactate: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.
Topics: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Alleles; Black or African American; Cohort Studies; Diabetes M | 2016 |
Optimal blood pressure in patients with peripheral artery disease following endovascular therapy.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angioplasty, Balloon; Ankle Brachial Index; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure | 2016 |
Electroacupuncture treatment of insulin resistance in diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Electroacupunctu | 2015 |
Adding liraglutide to lifestyle changes, metformin and testosterone therapy boosts erectile function in diabetic obese men with overt hypogonadism.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erectile Dysfunctio | 2015 |
Effect of metformin monotherapy on cardiovascular diseases and mortality: a retrospective cohort study on Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Topics: Aged; Asian People; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2015 |
Effects on Clinical Outcomes of Adding Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors Versus Sulfonylureas to Metformin Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibito | 2015 |
Incorporating New Medications in Diabetes Care.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Female; Huma | 2015 |
Post-mortem analysis of lactate concentration in diabetics and metformin poisonings.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ketone Bodies; Lactic Acid; M | 2015 |
Genetic variants of OCT1 influence glycemic response to metformin in Han Chinese patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus in Shanghai.
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Blood Glucose; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genotype; Humans; Hypo | 2015 |
Serum Levels of Soluble CD26/Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Association with Metabolic Syndrome and Therapy with Antidiabetic Agents in Malaysian Subjects.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Fasting; Female; Glucagon-L | 2015 |
Metformin and Myocardial Injury in Patients With Diabetes and ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis.
Topics: Academic Medical Centers; Biomarkers; Chi-Square Distribution; Creatine Kinase, MB Form; Diabetes Me | 2015 |
[2015 updated position statement of the management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Practice Guideline | 2015 |
Effects of metformin on clinical outcome in diabetic patients with advanced HCC receiving sorafenib.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Resistance, Neopla | 2015 |
Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis Presenting as Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diagnosis, Differential; Electrocardiography; Female; H | 2016 |
[Metformin is commonly used in patients with renal impairment].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metfor | 2015 |
Cost-effectiveness of dapagliflozin versus DPP-4 inhibitors as an add-on to Metformin in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus from a UK Healthcare System Perspective.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhi | 2015 |
Liraglutide vs. sitagliptin add-on to metformin treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus: Short-term cost-per-controlled patient in Italy.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cost Savings; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidy | 2016 |
How much is too much? Outcomes in patients using high-dose insulin glargine.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Huma | 2016 |
Incidence, characteristics and impact of hypoglycaemia in patients receiving intensified treatment for inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Amputation, Surgical; Angina, Stable; Asymptomatic Diseases; Blood Glucose; Depressive Disorde | 2016 |
Cardiovascular Drugs and Metformin Drug Dosage According to Renal Function in Non-Institutionalized Elderly Patients.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Atrial Fibrillation; Cardiovascular Agents; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellit | 2016 |
New-onset type 2 diabetes, elevated HbA1c, anti-diabetic medications, and risk of pancreatic cancer.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2015 |
In Reply to 'Restricting Metformin in CKD: Continued Caution Warranted'.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Renal Insuffici | 2015 |
Restricting Metformin in CKD: Continued Caution Warranted.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Renal Insuffici | 2015 |
Comment on Xu et al. Effects of Metformin on Metabolite Profiles and LDL Cholesterol in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2015;38:1858-1867.
Topics: Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin | 2015 |
Response to Comment on Xu et al. Effects of Metformin on Metabolite Profiles and LDL Cholesterol in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2015;38:1858-1867.
Topics: Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin | 2015 |
Organic cation transporter 1 variants and gastrointestinal side effects of metformin in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Alleles; Amino Acid Substitution; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of linagliptin as add-on therapy to basal insulin and metformin in people with Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fem | 2016 |
Cushing syndrome secondary to ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion from a Meckel diverticulum neuroendocrine tumor: case report.
Topics: ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Cushing | 2015 |
A Sensitivity Analysis to Assess Bias Due to Selecting Subjects Based on Treatment Received.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combin | 2016 |
Use of metformin and risk of kidney cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inc | 2016 |
Disentangling type 2 diabetes and metformin treatment signatures in the human gut microbiota.
Topics: Biodiversity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2015 |
Disentangling type 2 diabetes and metformin treatment signatures in the human gut microbiota.
Topics: Biodiversity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2015 |
Disentangling type 2 diabetes and metformin treatment signatures in the human gut microbiota.
Topics: Biodiversity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2015 |
Disentangling type 2 diabetes and metformin treatment signatures in the human gut microbiota.
Topics: Biodiversity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2015 |
Disentangling type 2 diabetes and metformin treatment signatures in the human gut microbiota.
Topics: Biodiversity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2015 |
Disentangling type 2 diabetes and metformin treatment signatures in the human gut microbiota.
Topics: Biodiversity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2015 |
Disentangling type 2 diabetes and metformin treatment signatures in the human gut microbiota.
Topics: Biodiversity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2015 |
Disentangling type 2 diabetes and metformin treatment signatures in the human gut microbiota.
Topics: Biodiversity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2015 |
Disentangling type 2 diabetes and metformin treatment signatures in the human gut microbiota.
Topics: Biodiversity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2015 |
[Impact of sitagliptin on aspirin resistance in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Aspirin; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Resistance; Glycated Hem | 2015 |
[Analysis of the development of metformin and sulfonylurea prescriptions in the Czech Republic].
Topics: Adult; Czech Republic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Prescriptions; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2015 |
Mean HbA1c and mortality in diabetic individuals with heart failure: a population cohort study.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hea | 2016 |
Gut microbiota: Antidiabetic drug treatment confounds gut dysbiosis associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Metformin | 2016 |
Empagliflozin/metformin (Synjardy) for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2015 |
Exercise Plus Metformin in the Fight Against Diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Metformin | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of saxagliptin monotherapy or added to metformin in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: results from the 24-week, post-marketing SUNSHINE study.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipepti | 2016 |
Adherence to Oral Glucose-Lowering Therapies and Associations With 1-Year HbA1c: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis in a Large Primary Care Database.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cohort Studies; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pepti | 2016 |
Metformin may reduce oral cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hyp | 2016 |
A 65-year-old female with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Atrophy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2015 |
Metformin Restrains Pancreatic Duodenal Homeobox-1 (PDX-1) Function by Inhibiting ERK Signaling in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2016 |
Progression to treatment failure among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes initiated on metformin versus sulphonylurea monotherapy--The Hong Kong Diabetes Registry.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fem | 2016 |
The effect of testosterone on cardiovascular risk factors in men with type 2 diabetes and late-onset hypogonadism treated with metformin or glimepiride.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; H | 2016 |
Association between Metformin Use and Mortality after Cervical Cancer in Older Women with Diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Ret | 2016 |
Impact of Metformin on the Severity and Outcomes of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Brain Ischemia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fema | 2016 |
Metformin as firstline treatment for type 2 diabetes: are we sure?
Topics: Bias; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Practice Guidelines as Topi | 2016 |
Determinants of Glycemic Response to Add-On Therapy with a Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using a United Kingdom Primary Care Database.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidas | 2016 |
Metformin Joins Forces with Microbes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Metformin | 2016 |
Metformin Scavenges Methylglyoxal To Form a Novel Imidazolinone Metabolite in Humans.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Crystallography, X-Ray; Diabet | 2016 |
Confounding Effects of Metformin on the Human Gut Microbiome in Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Metformin | 2016 |
Rates and predictors of progression to esophageal carcinoma in a large population-based Barrett's esophagus cohort.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Age Factors; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Barrett Esophagus; Body | 2016 |
Can metformin change the prognosis of pancreatic cancer? Retrospective study for pancreatic cancer patients with pre-existing diabetes mellitus type 2.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; CA-19-9 Antigen; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2016 |
Prescribing of metformin based on estimated GFR rather than serum creatinine expands the eligible population and is likely safe.
Topics: Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Drug Prescriptions; Female; Glomerula | 2016 |
INTRAVENOUS CONTRAST IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES ON METFORMIN: NEW COMMON SENSE GUIDELINES.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Administration, Intravenous; Contrast Media; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Inter | 2016 |
The impact of initial antidiabetic agent and use of monitoring agents on prescription costs in newly treated type 2 diabetes: A retrospective cohort analysis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Cardiovascular Agents; Diabetes Melli | 2016 |
Risk of hypoglycemia following intensification of metformin treatment with insulin versus sulfonylurea.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Comb | 2016 |
[Effect of metformin on ventricular remodeling in patients with primary hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Echocardiography; Essential Hypertension; Heart; Humans; Hypertension; Me | 2015 |
[Protective effects of metformin on glomerular podocytes of type 2 diabetes model rats].
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet | 2015 |
MICROBIOME. Prescription drugs obscure microbiome analyses.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Metformin | 2016 |
Will delayed release metformin provide better management of diabetes type 2?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Management; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2016 |
The effect of metformin on prolactin levels in patients with drug-induced hyperprolactinemia.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hyperprolacti | 2016 |
Improved progression free survival for patients with diabetes and locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using metformin during concurrent chemoradiotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Case-Control Studies; Chemoradiother | 2016 |
Noninsulin Antidiabetic Drugs for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Are We Respecting Their Contraindications?
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Comorbidity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Complications; Diabet | 2016 |
Lactic acidosis: relationship between metformin levels, lactate concentration and mortality.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hum | 2016 |
Comparison of use of diabetic medication and clinical guidelines in four Nordic countries.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Comprehensive Health Care; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl- | 2016 |
Consequences of delaying treatment intensification in type 2 diabetes: evidence from a UK database.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Met | 2016 |
The effect of metformin on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in patients with type 2 diabetes and amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism.
Topics: Aged; Amiodarone; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Hypothy | 2016 |
Risks of cardiovascular diseases associated with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and other antidiabetic drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes: a nation-wide longitudinal study.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Databases, Fa | 2016 |
Practical considerations for the use of sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 inhibitors in treating hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformin; | 2016 |
Metformin for cancer prevention: a reason for optimism.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Neoplasms | 2016 |
Effect of Metformin on Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Levels in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; C-Reactive Protein; Case-Control Studies; China; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mell | 2016 |
Metformin prescription patterns among US adolescents aged 10-19 years: 2009-2013.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Prescriptions; Female; | 2016 |
Metformin Induces Cell Cycle Arrest, Reduced Proliferation, Wound Healing Impairment In Vivo and Is Associated to Clinical Outcomes in Diabetic Foot Ulcer Patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Cell Line; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes M | 2016 |
Diabetes: Metformin linked to vitamin B12 deficiency.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency | 2016 |
A patient centred approach to basal insulin choice for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Checklist; Clinical Decision-Making; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; H | 2016 |
Effect of incretin therapies compared to pioglitazone and gliclazide in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetic patients not controlled on metformin alone: An observational, pilot study.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Female; Gl | 2016 |
Drug Combo Adds No Benefit in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucagon-Like Peptide- | 2016 |
The Role of Metformin Response in Lipid Metabolism in Patients with Recent-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: HbA1c Level as a Criterion for Designating Patients as Responders or Nonresponders to Metformin.
Topics: Adult; Atorvastatin; Biological Transport; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Cholester | 2016 |
[Treatment of type 2 diabetes with metformin].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gluconeogenesis; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2015 |
Important differences in the durability of glycaemic response among second-line treatment options when added to metformin in type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV | 2016 |
Metformin Revisited.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2016 |
Capsule Commentary on Min et al., Comparative Effectiveness of Insulin versus Combination Sulfonylurea and Insulin: a Cohort Study of Veterans with Type 2 Diabetes: How to Escalate Therapy for Patients who Fail Sulfonylureas.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; I | 2016 |
Effects of canagliflozin on body weight and body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes over 104 weeks.
Topics: Adiposity; Aged; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Clinical Trials, Pha | 2016 |
Effects of canagliflozin on body weight and body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes over 104 weeks.
Topics: Adiposity; Aged; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Clinical Trials, Pha | 2016 |
Effects of canagliflozin on body weight and body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes over 104 weeks.
Topics: Adiposity; Aged; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Clinical Trials, Pha | 2016 |
Effects of canagliflozin on body weight and body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes over 104 weeks.
Topics: Adiposity; Aged; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Canagliflozin; Clinical Trials, Pha | 2016 |
Use of Add-on Treatment to Metformin Monotherapy for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Suboptimal Glycemic Control: A U.S. Database Study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Comorbidity; Databases, Factual; Diabetes | 2016 |
Comparative cardiovascular safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists versus other antidiabetic drugs in routine care: a cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Angina, Unstable; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Melli | 2016 |
Metformin stimulates IGFBP-2 gene expression through PPARalpha in diabetic states.
Topics: Adenylate Kinase; Aged; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus | 2016 |
The importance of ruling out risk factors for vitamin B12 deficiency induced by metformin in older patients
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Defici | 2016 |
Metformin for Reducing Racial/Ethnic Difference in Prostate Cancer Incidence for Men with Type II Diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Health Status Disparities | 2016 |
Impact of diabetes mellitus on oncological outcomes after radical hysterectomy for early stage cervical cancer.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Hysterectomy; Me | 2016 |
Therapy: Metformin protective against colorectal cancer?
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2016 |
Lactic Acidosis in Diabetic Population: Is Metformin Implicated? Results of a Matched Case-Control Study Performed on the Type 2 Diabetes Population of Grenoble Hospital University.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Di | 2016 |
Effects of Epothilone A in Combination with the Antidiabetic Drugs Metformin and Sitagliptin in HepG2 Human Hepatocellular Cancer Cells: Role of Transcriptional Factors NF-κB and p53.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Benzoxazoles; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Dactinomycin; Diabetes Me | 2016 |
A Fatal Case of Metformin-associated Lactic Acidosis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatal Outcome; Female; Fluid Therapy; Hemodiafilt | 2016 |
Lactic acidosis due to attempted suicide with metformin overdose: A case report.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Overdose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male | 2016 |
Comparison of acarbose and metformin therapy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients with overweight and/or obesity.
Topics: Acarbose; Blood Glucose; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hum | 2016 |
Metformin-Induced Fixed-Drug Eruption Confirmed by Multiple Exposures.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Eruptions; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Middle Ag | 2016 |
Differential effects of once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide and metformin on pancreatic β-cell and insulin sensitivity during a standardized test meal in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female; | 2016 |
Recent trends in the use of antidiabetic medications from 2008 to 2013: A nation-wide population-based study from Taiwan.
Topics: Asian People; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug The | 2017 |
Change in glycated haemoglobin levels after initiating second-line therapy in type 2 diabetes: a primary care database study.
Topics: Aged; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therap | 2016 |
[One year persistence of metformin monotherapy versus metformin/sitagliptin fixed dose combination].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV I | 2016 |
[New fixed combination in type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Glucosides | 2016 |
Comparative Impact of Hypoglycemic Agents on Severity and Extent of Myocardial Ischemia in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Undergoing Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy.
Topics: Aged; Chi-Square Distribution; Coronary Angiography; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2016 |
Metformin Has a Positive Therapeutic Effect on Prostate Cancer in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Mi | 2016 |
[Interaction between antihypertensive therapy and exercise training therapy requires drug regulation in hypertensive patients].
Topics: Adult; Antihypertensive Agents; Case-Control Studies; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross-Sectional Stu | 2016 |
Metformin is backed as first line therapy for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hy | 2016 |
Involuntary Weight Loss Secondary to Metformin Use in Elderly Adults.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ma | 2016 |
Retrospective analysis of lactic acidosis-related parameters upon and after metformin discontinuation in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Comorbidity; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; F | 2016 |
Metformin-related colonic glucose uptake; potential role for increasing glucose disposal?--A retrospective analysis of (18)F-FDG uptake in the colon on PET-CT.
Topics: Aged; Biological Transport; Case-Control Studies; Colon; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fluorode | 2016 |
Metformin treatment status and abdominal aortic aneurysm disease progression.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Animals; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; California; Data Mining; Databases, | 2016 |
Association Between Weight Change, Clinical Outcomes, and Health Care Costs in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mel | 2016 |
Hypoglycemia Incidence Rates and Associated Health Care Costs in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated with Second-Line Linagliptin or Sulfonylurea After Metformin Monotherapy.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Health Care Costs; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hyp | 2016 |
Association of Metformin Use With Cancer-Specific Mortality in Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Curative Resection: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cause of Death; Cohort Studies; Comorbidity; Diabe | 2016 |
Impact of metformin on metastases in patients with breast cancer and type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Germany; Humans; Hypog | 2016 |
Comments on "Use of metformin and risk of kidney cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes", Chin-Hsiao Tseng, Eur J Cancer, 2016, No. 52, pp. 19-25.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Kidney Neoplasms; Metformin; Risk | 2016 |
Response to Letter to the Editor on comments on Use of metformin and risk of kidney cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes Chin-Hsiao Tseng, Eur J Cancer, 2016, No. 52, pp. 19-25.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Metformin; Risk | 2016 |
Deep Proteomics of Breast Cancer Cells Reveals that Metformin Rewires Signaling Networks Away from a Pro-growth State.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Proteomics | 2016 |
Mortality reduction among persons with type 2 diabetes: (-)-Epicatechin as add-on therapy to metformin?
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Catechin; Chocolate; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2016 |
Prognosis of extremely severe lactic acidosis in metformin-treated patients with septic shock: continuous (?) renal replacement therapy in the spotlight!
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Prognosis; Rena | 2016 |
Prevalence of anxiety disorder in patients with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide population-based study in Taiwan 2000-2010.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ambulatory Care; Anxiety Disorders; Cerebrovascular Dis | 2017 |
Metformin exposure is associated with improved progression-free survival in diabetic patients after resection for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer.
Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease-Free Sur | 2016 |
Treatment intensification for patients with type 2 diabetes and poor glycaemic control.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Cohort Studies; Databases, Factual; Diabe | 2016 |
Urinary metabolomic profiling in mice with diet-induced obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus after treatment with metformin, vildagliptin and their combination.
Topics: Adamantane; Animals; beta-Alanine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Glucose Tolerance Test; Hypoglyc | 2016 |
Comparison of insulin intensification strategies with insulin lispro low mixture twice daily versus basal insulin glargine and prandial insulin lispro once daily in East Asian and Caucasian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Asia, Eastern; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Sch | 2017 |
Comparative risk of major cardiovascular events associated with second-line antidiabetic treatments: a retrospective cohort study using UK primary care data linked to hospitalization and mortality records.
Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Angina, Unstable; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Diabetes M | 2016 |
Euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis in a patient with type 2 diabetes started on empagliflozin.
Topics: Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Drug Therapy, Combina | 2016 |
[XIGDUO - fixed combination of the active ingredients dapagliflozin and metformin].
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Glucosides; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2016 |
Pre-existing diabetes and lung cancer prognosis.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lung Neoplasms; Metformin; Mid | 2016 |
Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis in a Patient with Normal Renal Function.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Kidney Function Tests; Lactic Aci | 2016 |
Prevalence and Predictors of Metformin Prescribing in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A National Cross-Sectional Study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypogly | 2016 |
EMPA-REG and Other Cardiovascular Outcome Trials of Glucose-lowering Agents: Implications for Future Treatment Strategies in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2016 |
Cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality with insulin versus glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Databases, Factual; | 2016 |
[Acidosis without marked hyperglycemia : Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis associated with SGLT2-Inhibitors].
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic | 2017 |
Cost-Effectiveness of Dapagliflozin as Add-On to Metformin for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Greece.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase I | 2016 |
Epidemiology of lactic acidosis in type 2 diabetes patients with metformin in Japan.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2016 |
Cardiovascular safety of metformin and sulfonylureas in patients with different cardiac risk profiles.
Topics: Aged; Austria; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chi-Square Distribution; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2016 |
Metformin use and asthma outcomes among patients with concurrent asthma and diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asthma; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Log | 2016 |
Metformin and lactic acidosis during shock: just the tip of the iceberg?
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Shock, Septic | 2016 |
Metformin ameliorates podocyte damage by restoring renal tissue nephrin expression in type 2 diabetic rats.
Topics: Albuminuria; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Die | 2017 |
[Chronic kidney diseases, metformin and lactic acidosis].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Renal Insuffici | 2016 |
Diabetes treatment intensification and associated changes in HbA1c and body mass index: a cohort study.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2016 |
Addition of sulphonylurea to metformin does not relevantly change body weight: a prospective observational cohort study (ZODIAC-39).
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glyc | 2016 |
Identifying the independent effect of HbA
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Drug Substitution; Female; Glycated Hemoglob | 2016 |
Cardiovascular safety of glucose-lowering agents as add-on medication to metformin treatment in type 2 diabetes: report from the Swedish National Diabetes Register.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cardiotoxicity; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2016 |
Metformin increases hepatic leptin receptor and decreases steatosis in mice.
Topics: ADAM10 Protein; ADAM17 Protein; Aged; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; Animals; Diabetes Mellit | 2016 |
Long-Term Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Metformin Combined with Liraglutide or Exenatide for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Based on the CORE Diabetes Model Study.
Topics: Adult; Asian People; China; Computer Simulation; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2016 |
Adipose tissue biomarkers involved in early resolution of type 2 diabetes after bariatric surgery.
Topics: Antigens, CD; Bariatric Surgery; Biomarkers; Caspase 3; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; H | 2017 |
Comparative cost-effectiveness of metformin-based dual therapies associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: Evidence from a population-based national cohort in Taiwan.
Topics: Acarbose; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mel | 2016 |
Low-carbohydrate diet combined with SGLT2 inhibitor for refractory hyperglycemia caused by insulin antibodies.
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, C | 2016 |
Metformin mediates resensitivity to 5-fluorouracil in hepatocellular carcinoma via the suppression of YAP.
Topics: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Adult; Aged; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Hepato | 2016 |
Sulphonylurea compared to DPP-4 inhibitors in combination with metformin carries increased risk of severe hypoglycemia, cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Co | 2016 |
Should Restrictions Be Relaxed for Metformin Use in Chronic Kidney Disease? No, We Should Never Again Compromise Safety!
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glomerular Filtration | 2016 |
Should Restrictions Be Relaxed for Metformin Use in Chronic Kidney Disease? Yes, They Should Be Relaxed! What's the Fuss?
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metfo | 2016 |
Relationship between the efficacy of oral antidiabetic drugs and clinical features in type 2 diabetic patients (JDDM38).
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Body Mass Index; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-P | 2016 |
Changes in Levels of Biomarkers Associated with Adipocyte Function and Insulin and Glucagon Kinetics During Treatment with Dapagliflozin Among Obese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.
Topics: Adipocytes; Adiponectin; Adult; Benzhydryl Compounds; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Reac | 2016 |
Metformin and risk of long-term mortality following an admission for acute heart failure.
Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Heart | 2017 |
Computational Analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Altered Drug Responsiveness in Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Calpain; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Resistance; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Molecul | 2016 |
Comparative effectiveness of incretin-based therapies and the risk of death and cardiovascular events in 38,233 metformin monotherapy users.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2016 |
The prevalence and treatment patterns of diabetes in the Greek population based on real-world data from the nation-wide prescription database.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2016 |
Metformin and contrast-induced acute kidney injury in diabetic patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction: Amulticenter study.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Contrast Media; Coronary Angiography; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2016 |
Differences in glycemic control across world regions: a post-hoc analysis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on dual antidiabetes drug therapy.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Asia, Eastern; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipep | 2016 |
Association between Metformin Use and Survival in Nonmetastatic Rectal Cancer Treated with a Curative Resection: A Nationwide Population Study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Agents; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabet | 2017 |
Unusual glycogenic hepatopathy causing abnormal liver enzymes in a morbidly obese adolescent with well-controlled type 2 diabetes: resolved after A1c was normalized by metformin.
Topics: Adolescent; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Liver Diseases; Male; Metformin; | 2016 |
The Relationship Between Metformin and Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Biomarkers, Tumor; Chemoprevention; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitu | 2016 |
Blood pressure effects of SGLT2 inhibitors make them an attractive option in diabetic patients with hypertension.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Canagli | 2016 |
Diabetes treatments and risk of heart failure, cardiovascular disease, and all cause mortality: cohort study in primary care.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Cohort Studies; Databases, | 2016 |
Risk of hypoglycaemia in users of sulphonylureas compared with metformin in relation to renal function and sulphonylurea metabolite group: population based cohort study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Neph | 2016 |
A Longitudinal HbA1c Model Elucidates Genes Linked to Disease Progression on Metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Female; Glycated Hem | 2016 |
The prognostic role of metformin in patients with endometrial cancer: a retrospective study.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endometrial Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metform | 2016 |
Metformin Improves Survival in Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Pre-Existing Diabetes: A Propensity Score Analysis.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Femal | 2016 |
Deciphering the Effect of Metformin on Prostate Cancer Risk by Ethnicity.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Prostatic Neoplasms | 2016 |
Application of the integrated glucose-insulin model for cross-study characterization of T2DM patients on metformin background treatment.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2016 |
DLBS3233, a combined bioactive fraction of Cinnamomum burmanii and Lagerstroemia speciosa, in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients inadequately controlled by metformin and other oral antidiabetic agents.
Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Cinnamomum; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female | 2016 |
[Assessment of efficiency of the personalized therapy of patients with obesity and diabetes mellitus 2 types appointed on the basis of studying rs5219 polymorphism of KCNJ11 gene].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Caloric Restriction; Case-Control Studies; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus | 2016 |
A case of bullous pemphigoid ınduced by vildagliptin.
Topics: Adamantane; Administration, Cutaneous; Clobetasol; Complement C3; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipepti | 2017 |
Cost-effectiveness of Canagliflozin versus Sitagliptin When Added to Metformin and Sulfonylurea in Type 2 Diabetes in Canada.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Canada; Canagliflozin; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipept | 2016 |
The FDA Revises Restrictions on Metformin Use in Kidney Impairment.
Topics: Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidence-Based Medicine; Glomerular Filtration Rate; H | 2016 |
Metformin use and cervical cancer risk in female patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; Met | 2016 |
Effect of Serotonin Transporter 5-HTTLPR Polymorphism on Gastrointestinal Intolerance to Metformin: A GoDARTS Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alleles; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Genotype; Humans | 2016 |
A post-hoc analysis of the comparative efficacy of canagliflozin and glimepiride in the attainment of type 2 diabetes-related quality measures.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure Determination; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double- | 2016 |
Metformin, Diabetes, and Survival among U.S. Veterans with Colorectal Cancer.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; K | 2016 |
Variation in the glucose transporter gene SLC2A2 is associated with glycemic response to metformin.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Genome-Wide Association Study; Glucose Tr | 2016 |
Metformin use and risk of lactic acidosis in people with diabetes with and without renal impairment: a cohort study in Denmark and the UK.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Databases, Factual; | 2017 |
Impact of Glycemic Control and Metformin Use on the Recurrence and Progression of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease-Free Survival; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Kaplan- | 2016 |
Multivitamin Use and Serum Vitamin B12 Concentrations in Older-Adult Metformin Users in REGARDS, 2003-2007.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; H | 2016 |
Metformin use and its effect on survival in diabetic patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2016 |
Intensification of Diabetes Therapy and Time Until A1C Goal Attainment Among Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Who Fail Metformin Monotherapy Within a Large Integrated Health System.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Electronic Health Records; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Goal | 2016 |
Adherence, persistence, and treatment discontinuation with sitagliptin compared with sulfonylureas as add-ons to metformin: A retrospective cohort database study.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibito | 2017 |
Asthma and diabetes: Does treatment with metformin improve asthma?
Topics: Asthma; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin | 2016 |
A retrospective cohort analysis of hypoglycaemic and cardiovascular agent use in young adults in the Irish primary care setting.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cardiovascular Agents; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; | 2017 |
Metformin-associated risk of acute dialysis in patients with type 2 diabetes: A nationwide cohort study.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Cohort Studies; Denmark; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypog | 2016 |
Metformin mediated reversal of epithelial to mesenchymal transition is triggered by epigenetic changes in E-cadherin promoter.
Topics: Aged; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Antigens, CD; Base Sequence; Binding Sites; Cadherins; Cell Lin | 2016 |
The effect of alogliptin on pulmonary function in obese patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by metformin monotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2016 |
Metformin and other glucose-lowering drug initiation and rates of community-based antibiotic use and hospital-treated infections in patients with type 2 diabetes: a Danish nationwide population-based cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cohort Studies; Community Health Services; Cross Infection; Denm | 2016 |
Association between Metformin Use and Cancer Stage at Diagnosis among Elderly Medicare Beneficiaries with Preexisting Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Incident Prostate Cancer.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inc | 2016 |
Protective and therapeutic effects of metformin on gynecologic cancers.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genital Neoplasms, Female; Humans; Metformin | 2016 |
Predictors of HbA1c levels in patients initiating metformin.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2016 |
Diabetes: Genetic variation underpins metformin response.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Genetic Variation; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2016 |
Metformin and survival of people with type 2 diabetes and pleural mesothelioma: A population-based retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cause of Death; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; | 2016 |
Trends in metformin utilisation and dose appropriateness in Australia.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Utilization; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Hospitals, Teaching; Humans | 2016 |
Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in combination with other oral hypoglycemic agents in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease | 2016 |
The Change in HbA1c Associated with Initial Adherence and Subsequent Change in Adherence among Diabetes Patients Newly Initiating Metformin Therapy.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Medicatio | 2016 |
Sirtuin 1 and 7 mediate resveratrol-induced recovery from hyper-anxiety in high-fructose-fed prediabetic rats.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Anxiety Disorders; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes M | 2016 |
Piracetam Facilitates the Anti-Amnesic but not Anti-Diabetic Activity of Metformin in Experimentally Induced Type-2 Diabetic Encephalopathic Rats.
Topics: Amnesia; Animals; Blood Glucose; Brain Diseases; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Choline; Diabete | 2017 |
Diabetes: Metformin and the risk of dialysis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Renal Dialysis; Risk | 2016 |
Metformin reduces gastric cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; | 2016 |
Evaluation, efficacy and tolerability of GlucoNovax tablet in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glyburide; | 2016 |
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the intergenic region between metformin transporter OCT2 and OCT3 coding genes are associated with short-term response to metformin monotherapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Follow-Up Studies; Humans | 2016 |
Metformin Effect on Nontargeted Metabolite Profiles in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and in Multiple Murine Tissues.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Citrulline; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2016 |
Comparative Effectiveness of Diabetic Oral Medications Among HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Veterans.
Topics: Adult; Black or African American; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Comparative Effectiveness Research | 2017 |
Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; | 2017 |
Metformin Increases E-cadherin in Tumors of Diabetic Patients With Endometrial Cancer and Suppresses Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Endometrial Cancer Cell Lines.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cadherins; Carcinoma; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Diabetes Mell | 2016 |
Preventing Unnecessary Costs of Drug-Induced Hypoglycemia in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in the United States and Canada.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Canada; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Decision Trees; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; H | 2016 |
Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors, Type 2 Diabetes and Fibrosis Progression: An Observational Study in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme | 2016 |
Diabetic tuberculosis.
Topics: Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; I | 2016 |
Trends in Drug Utilization, Glycemic Control, and Rates of Severe Hypoglycemia, 2006-2013.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase | 2017 |
Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes with a Breakable Extended Release Gliclazide Formulation in Primary Care: The Xrise Study.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2015 |
Diabetes management - keeping up to date.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Health Personnel; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; Medication Adh | 2016 |
The effect of vildagliptin relative to sulfonylurea as dual therapy with metformin (or as monotherapy) in Muslim patients with type 2 diabetes fasting during Ramadan in the Middle East: the VIRTUE study.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fastin | 2017 |
Euglycemic Ketoacidosis Caused by Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors: A Case Report.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Canagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; H | 2016 |
Effect of metformin on global gene expression in liver of KKAy mice.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gene Expression Profiling; Hypoglycemic Agents; L | 2016 |
Type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome - adipokine levels and effect of drugs.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Leptin; Male; Me | 2017 |
Vitamin B12 deficiency in metformin-treated type-2 diabetes patients, prevalence and association with peripheral neuropathy.
Topics: Aged; Black People; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2016 |
Associations between changes in glucagon-like peptide-1 and bodyweight reduction in patients receiving acarbose or metformin treatment.
Topics: Acarbose; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucagon; Glucagon-Like Pep | 2017 |
Different effects of basal insulin peglispro and insulin glargine on liver enzymes and liver fat content in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bilirubin; Blood Glu | 2016 |
Metformin Activates AMPK through the Lysosomal Pathway.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme Activation; Hepatocytes; H | 2016 |
A Neutral Effect of Metformin Treatment on Macroprolactin Content in Women with Macroprolactinemia.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hyperprolactinemia; Metformi | 2017 |
Pharmacokinetics of Metformin in Patients Receiving Regular Hemodiafiltration.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hemodiafiltration; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Kidney Failure, Chronic; | 2016 |
Loss of Eyebrows and Eyelashes During Concomitant Treatment with Sitagliptin and Metformin.
Topics: Aged; Alopecia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Eyebrows; Eyelashes; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2017 |
NICE recommends new triple therapy option for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucosides; Humans; Hypo | 2016 |
Diabetes prescribing rises by a third over five years.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Prescriptions; England; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Sita | 2016 |
Risks of Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease: Lessons Learned from Taiwanese Data.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Me | 2017 |
A Prospective Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors: Real World Evidence from Clinical Practice in India.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gl | 2016 |
Prospective study of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, anti-diabetic drugs and risk of prostate cancer.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Male; Metf | 2017 |
Metformin confers risk reduction for developing hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver resection.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hepatectomy; Humans; Hypo | 2017 |
Metformin Use and Cognitive Dysfunction Among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Cognitive Dysfunction; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2016 |
Metformin use and asthma: Further investigations - Reply.
Topics: Asthma; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin | 2017 |
Management of newly treated diabetes in Medicare beneficiaries with and without heart failure.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Management; Female; Follow- | 2017 |
Prostate Cancer Patients With Unmanaged Diabetes or Receiving Insulin Experience Inferior Outcomes and Toxicities After Treatment With Radiation Therapy.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2017 |
The need for differentiating diabetes-specific mortality from total mortality when comparing metformin with insulin regarding cancer survival.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformin; Neoplasms | 2017 |
Citizen Petition to the US Food and Drug Administration to Change Prescribing Guidelines: The Metformin Experience.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Labeling; Drug Prescriptions; Humans; Legislation, Drug; Metformin; | 2016 |
Treatment with a novel agent combining docosahexaenoate and metformin increases protectin DX and IL-6 production in skeletal muscle and reduces insulin resistance in obese diabetic db/db mice.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Dr | 2017 |
Adiponectin, Insulin Sensitivity, β-Cell Function, and Racial/Ethnic Disparity in Treatment Failure Rates in TODAY.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adolescent; Black People; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2017 |
Metformin Uniquely Prevents Thrombosis by Inhibiting Platelet Activation and mtDNA Release.
Topics: Animals; Blood Platelets; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA, Mitochondrial; Electron Transport Complex | 2016 |
Urinary Metabolomic Profiling in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated with Glimepiride, Metformin, and Their Combination.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Meta | 2016 |
Comparative Effectiveness of Second-Line Agents for the Treatment of Diabetes Type 2 in Preventing Kidney Function Decline.
Topics: Aged; Comparative Effectiveness Research; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combi | 2016 |
Plasma Levels of Pentosidine, Carboxymethyl-Lysine, Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products, and Metabolic Syndrome: The Metformin Effect.
Topics: Adult; Arginine; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme-Linked Immunoso | 2016 |
Metformin preconditioned adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells is a better option for the reversal of diabetes upon transplantation.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Hig | 2016 |
Should GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Be the First Line of Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2016 |
Metformin and esophageal cancer risk in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Esophageal Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; I | 2017 |
Lactic acidosis and the relationship with metformin usage: Case reports.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hospital Mortality; Hu | 2016 |
Metformin improves lipid metabolism disorders through reducing the expression of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein in OLETF rats.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; Carrier Proteins; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2016 |
The Effect of Metformin on Oncological Outcomes in Patients With Cervical Cancer With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Mid | 2017 |
Does Citrulline Sit at the Nexus of Metformin's Pleotropic Effects on Metabolism and Mediate Its Salutatory Effects in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes?
Topics: Citrulline; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gap Junctions; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2016 |
C-Peptide Levels Predict the Effectiveness of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Therapy.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug | 2016 |
Existing evidence is insufficient to justify metformin or other agents as first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2016 |
Statistical power considerations in genotype-based recall randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformi | 2016 |
Metformin and blood pressure lowering: a questioned association.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypo | 2017 |
Genomic Characterization of Metformin Hepatic Response.
Topics: Activating Transcription Factor 3; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; AMP-Activated Protein Kinas | 2016 |
Investigation of Risk Factors Affecting Lactate Levels in Japanese Patients Treated with Metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asian People; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glyca | 2016 |
Metformin-Induced Generalized Fixed Drug Eruption With Cutaneous Hemophagocytosis.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Biopsy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Eruptions; Drug Substitution; Histiocytes | 2017 |
Time-Varying Risk for Breast Cancer Following Initiation of Glucose-Lowering Therapy in Women with Type 2 Diabetes: Exploring Detection Bias.
Topics: Adult; Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Me | 2017 |
Personalized Diabetes Management Using Electronic Medical Records.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Boston; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Management; Drug Th | 2017 |
Duodenal endoluminal barrier sleeve alters gut microbiota of ZDF rats.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Duodenum; Dysbiosis; Gastric Bypass; Gas | 2017 |
Prediabetes in Obese Adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; Male; Metfor | 2017 |
Effect of race and ethnicity on vildagliptin efficacy: A pooled analysis of phase II and III studies.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Asian People; Blood Glucose; China; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; Cli | 2017 |
Growth Differentiation Factor 15 as a Novel Biomarker for Metformin.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glycated Hem | 2017 |
Histological evidence that metformin reverses the adverse effects of diabetes on orthodontic tooth movement in rats.
Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Cathepsin K; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; | 2017 |
The Correlation Between Urinary 8-Iso-Prostaglandin F2α and Hydrogen Peroxide Toward Renal Function in T2DM Patients Consuming Sulfonylurea and Combination of Metformin-Sulfonylurea.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Dinopr | 2018 |
Metformin Prevents Nonunion after Three-Cannulated-Screw Fixation in Displaced Femoral Neck Fractures: A Retrospective Study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Femoral Neck Fractures; Femur Neck; Fracture Fixat | 2016 |
Genetic Risk and Altering Lipids With Lifestyle Changes and Metformin: Is Fate Modifiable?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; Lipids; Metformin; Risk Factors | 2016 |
Metformin Is Associated With Higher Relative Abundance of Mucin-Degrading Akkermansia muciniphila and Several Short-Chain Fatty Acid-Producing Microbiota in the Gut.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Colombia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Volatile; | 2017 |
Managing glycaemia in older people with type 2 diabetes: A retrospective, primary care-based cohort study, with economic assessment of patient outcomes.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Cohort Studies; Cost of Illness; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipe | 2017 |
Altered Prolylcarboxypeptidase Expression and Function in Response to Different Risk Factors of Diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Carboxypeptidases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellit | 2017 |
A mini-network balance model for evaluating the progression of cardiovascular complications in Goto-Kakizaki rats.
Topics: Alkenes; Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diseas | 2017 |
Glycemic Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes: Choices Expand, Data Lag Behind.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Me | 2017 |
Oral Pharmacologic Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Practice Gu | 2017 |
Metformin Use in Patients With Historical Contraindications.
Topics: Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2017 |
Oral Pharmacologic Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Clinical Practice Guideline Update From the American College of Physicians.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Drug | 2017 |
Efficacy of metformin in human single hair fibre by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with statistical analysis.
Topics: Biomarkers; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose; Glycogen; | 2017 |
Second line initiation of insulin compared with DPP-4 inhibitors after metformin monotherapy is associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, and severe hypoglycemia.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Female; Huma | 2017 |
Metformin and the risk of prostate cancer across racial/ethnic groups: a population-based cohort study.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; British Columbia; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Follow-Up Stud | 2017 |
The Effects of Blood Glucose Regulation in Omentin-1 Levels among Diabetic Patients.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2017 |
Use of Metformin for Cardiometabolic Risks in Psychiatric Practice: Need-to-Know Safety Issues.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Antipsychotic Agents; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal | 2016 |
Association between metformin use and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and localized resectable pancreatic cancer: a nationwide population-based study in korea.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease-Free Survival; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fem | 2017 |
Clinical Inquiry: Which patients with metabolic syndrome benefit from metformin?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Metformin; | 2016 |
Preparation and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of metformin hydrochloride rectal dosage forms for treatment of patients with type II diabetes.
Topics: Biological Availability; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dosage Forms; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; In Vi | 2017 |
Randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy and safety of treatment with the once-weekly dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor omarigliptin or the once-daily DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on m
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Double-Blind Met | 2017 |
Comparative cardiovascular risks of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors with other second- and third-line antidiabetic drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular System; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase | 2017 |
Independent of Cirrhosis, Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk Is Increased with Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hepatitis C; Human | 2017 |
How Relevant is the Interaction Between Dolutegravir and Metformin in Real Life?
Topics: Area Under Curve; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, | 2017 |
The Effects of Metformin on Obesity-Induced Dysfunctional Retinas.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Blotting, Western; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mell | 2017 |
The Influence of Chitosan Cross-linking on the Properties of Alginate Microparticles with Metformin Hydrochloride-In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation.
Topics: Alginates; Animals; Blood Glucose; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Chitosan; Cross-Linking Reagents; Dela | 2017 |
Whole Blood Donation Affects the Interpretation of Hemoglobin A1c.
Topics: Aged; Blood Donors; Blood Proteins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Erythropoiesis; Female; Ferritins; Fo | 2017 |
Association between Metformin Use and Risk of Lactic Acidosis or Elevated Lactate Concentration in Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; H | 2017 |
Metformin: a metabolic modulator.
Topics: Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Caenorhabditis elegans; Caenorhabditis elega | 2017 |
Therapy: Metformin reduces adverse effects of glucocorticoid treatment.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2017 |
Hemodialysis-refractory metformin-associated lactate acidosis with hypoglycemia, hypothermia, and bradycardia in a diabetic patient with belated diagnosis and chronic kidney disease
.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Biomarkers; Bradycardia; Delayed Diagnosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug | 2017 |
Metformin attenuates hepatic insulin resistance in type-2 diabetic rats through PI3K/Akt/GLUT-4 signalling independent to bicuculline-sensitive GABA
Topics: Androstadienes; Animals; Bicuculline; Calcium; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2017 |
[Lactic acidosis due to metformin accumulation complicating acute gastroenteritis].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; M | 2016 |
Metformin-SGLT2, Dehydration, and Acidosis Potential.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged, 80 and over; Dehydration; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2017 |
Beneficial effects of metformin on energy metabolism and visceral fat volume through a possible mechanism of fatty acid oxidation in human subjects and rats.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Energy Metabolism; Fatt | 2017 |
Comparative Effect of Initiating Metformin Versus Sulfonylureas on Breast Cancer Risk in Older Women.
Topics: Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; | 2017 |
Change in HbA1c associated with treatment intensification among patients with type 2 diabetes and poor glycemic control.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Monitoring; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; | 2017 |
mTORC1 inhibitors rapamycin and metformin affect cardiovascular markers differentially in ZDF rats.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Dis | 2017 |
Sorbitol increases muscle glucose uptake ex vivo and inhibits intestinal glucose absorption ex vivo and in normal and type 2 diabetic rats.
Topics: Absorption, Physiological; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Carbohydrates; Gastric Emptyi | 2017 |
Metformin depresses overactivated Notch1/Hes1 signaling in colorectal cancer patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; H | 2017 |
Long-term Metformin Therapy and Monitoring for Vitamin B12 Deficiency Among Older Veterans.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hospitals, Veterans; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin | 2017 |
Differential effects of metformin on age related comorbidities in older men with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Comorbidity; Dementia; Depr | 2017 |
Association between metformin use and below-the-knee arterial calcification score in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Chi-Square Distribution; Computed Tomography Angiography; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Me | 2017 |
Exercise timing and blood lactate concentrations in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2017 |
Diabetic concentrations of metformin inhibit platelet-mediated ovarian cancer cell progression.
Topics: Apoptosis; Blood Platelets; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Pr | 2017 |
The desert gerbil Psammomys obesus as a model for metformin-sensitive nutritional type 2 diabetes to protect hepatocellular metabolic damage: Impact of mitochondrial redox state.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Gerbillinae; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insuli | 2017 |
Consensus on the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes in Chinese Adults.
Topics: Acarbose; Blood Glucose; Consensus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Metformi | 2017 |
Role of treatment-modifying MTHFR677C>T and 1298A>C polymorphisms in metformin-treated Puerto Rican patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus and peripheral neuropathy.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Neuropathies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Hi | 2017 |
Should metformin be included in fertility treatment of PCOS patients?
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Electron Transport; Female | 2017 |
Management of Type 2 Diabetes in 2017: Getting to Goal.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Management; Glycated He | 2017 |
Effects of Vildagliptin and Metformin on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Responses to Small Intestinal Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Fem | 2017 |
Suppression of Rho-kinase 1 is responsible for insulin regulation of the AMPK/SREBP-1c pathway in skeletal muscle cells exposed to palmitate.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Insulin; Male; M | 2017 |
Learning Effective Treatment Pathways for Type-2 Diabetes from a clinical data warehouse.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Consolidation Chemotherapy; Critical Pathways; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Electronic He | 2016 |
No association between metformin use and survival in patients with pancreatic cancer: An observational cohort study.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metfo | 2017 |
No Decreased Risk of Gastrointestinal Cancers in Users of Metformin in The Netherlands; A Time-Varying Analysis of Metformin Exposure.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; | 2017 |
The effect of combined photobiomodulation and metformin on open skin wound healing in a non-genetic model of type II diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Colony Count, Microbial; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Low-Le | 2017 |
Assessment of Pancreas Safety in the Development Program of Once-Weekly GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Dulaglutide.
Topics: Acute Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Gluca | 2017 |
All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality following Treatment with Metformin or Glyburide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Cohort Studies; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Artery | 2017 |
Pharmacologic Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes: Synopsis of the 2017 American Diabetes Association Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Costs; Drug Therapy, Combination; Evidence-Based Medicine; Glycated | 2017 |
Use of oral antidiabetic agents and risk of community-acquired pneumonia: a nested case-control study.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Community-Acquired Infections; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2017 |
Effectiveness and safety of vildagliptin and vildagliptin add-on to metformin in real-world settings in Egypt - results from the GUARD study.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Monitoring; D | 2017 |
Pharmacologic treatment options for prediabetes.
Topics: Acarbose; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Mice; | 2008 |
Metformin and the intestine.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Intestinal Mucosa; Intesti | 2008 |
Intensification of oxidative stress and inflammation in type 2 diabetes despite antihyperglycemic treatment.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Apoptosis; C-Reactive Protein; Case-Control Studies; CD11b Antigen; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2008 |
Occult metformin toxicity in three patients with profound lactic acidosis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Emergency Service, Ho | 2011 |
The risk of heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with oral agent monotherapy.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2008 |
Evaluation of adverse events of oral antihyperglycemic monotherapy experienced by a geriatric population in a real-world setting: a retrospective cohort analysis.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Age Factors; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypogl | 2008 |
Haemoglobin A1c goal attainment in relation to dose in patients with diabetes mellitus taking metformin: a nested, case-control study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dru | 2008 |
[Metformin and type 2 diabetes: the UKPDS experience].
Topics: Cell Death; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Energy Metabolism; Homeostasis; Hum | 2007 |
Metformin as first choice in oral diabetes treatment: the UKPDS experience.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hy | 2007 |
DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1 analogues: for whom? Which place for incretins in the management of type 2 diabetic patients?
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors | 2008 |
Metformin normalizes endothelial function by suppressing vasoconstrictor prostanoids in mesenteric arteries from OLETF rats, a model of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cholesterol; Cyclooxygenase 1; Cyclooxygenase 2; Diabetes Me | 2008 |
Metformin protects the brain against the oxidative imbalance promoted by type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Brain; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glutathione; Hydrogen Peroxid | 2008 |
Metformin use in polycystic ovary syndrome: metabolic benefits and diabetes prevention.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome | 2008 |
[Incretin-mimetic drugs, an insulin alternative in type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Glucagon-Like Pepti | 2008 |
Performing meta-analysis with incomplete statistical information in clinical trials.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Cholesterol, LDL; Clinical Trials as Topic; Data Interpretation, Statistica | 2008 |
Metabolic effects of various antidiabetic and hypolipidaemic agents on a high-fat diet and multiple low-dose streptozocin (MLDS) mouse model of diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Fats; Fe | 2008 |
Clinical development of metformin extended-release tablets for type 2 diabetes: an overview.
Topics: Biological Availability; Clinical Trials as Topic; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2008 |
Considerations regarding the use of metformin with olanzapine.
Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Huma | 2008 |
Effects of pioglitazone and metformin on NEFA-induced insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; Fa | 2008 |
Quality of diabetes care among patients managed by teleconsultation.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angio | 2008 |
Metformin: a multitasking medication.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellit | 2008 |
Metformin, sulfonylureas, or other antidiabetes drugs and the risk of lactic acidosis or hypoglycemia: a nested case-control analysis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; | 2008 |
Effect of metformin-containing antidiabetic regimens on all-cause mortality in veterans with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors | 2008 |
Do thiazide diuretics alter the pharmacokinetics of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes already established on metformin?
Topics: Adult; Aged; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hydroc | 2009 |
Managing hyperglycaemia.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic A | 2008 |
Undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus presenting with orbital cellulitis.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Combined Modality Therapy; Decompression, Surgical; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2008 |
Association between hepatocellular carcinoma and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Italy: potential role of insulin.
Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hy | 2008 |
Management and 1 year outcome for UK children with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epidemiolo | 2009 |
Metformin: effective in the prevention of new-onset type 2 diabetes?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Early Diagnosis; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; | 2008 |
Summaries for patients. Comparison of two types of insulin added to diabetes pills in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinati | 2008 |
Risk of coronary artery disease associated with initial sulphonylurea treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes: a matched case-control study.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathi | 2008 |
Outcomes of adding second hypoglycemic drug after metformin monotherapy failure among type 2 diabetes in Hungary.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Huma | 2008 |
[Initial therapy of diabetes mellitus in the family practice. Give yourself time!].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Family Practice; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2008 |
[When oral therapy of type 2 diabetes fails--basal insulin is more effective than change in life style (interview by Dr. Thomas Meissner)].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Glargi | 2008 |
[United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS): 10 years later].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathi | 2008 |
[Metformine induces false-positive (18)F-FDG PET/CT uptake].
Topics: Colonic Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diagnosis, Differential; False Positive Reactions; Fem | 2009 |
Metformin for the prevention of androgen deprivation induced metabolic syndrome, obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Androgen Antagonists; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Metformin; Obesit | 2009 |
The effect of metformin on the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease risk factors in overweight and obese subjects--the Carmos study.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Body Size; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Greece; | 2009 |
[Safety of metformin in the treatment of elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypogl | 2008 |
Sulphonylureas and cancer: a case-control study.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gliclazide; Glybur | 2009 |
[Avandia and avandamet in the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2: effects on secretion of some fat tissue hormones].
Topics: Adiponectin; Adipose Tissue; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Female; Fibrinolytic Agen | 2008 |
Effect of metformin on serum visfatin levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2010 |
Effects of basal insulin analog and metformin on glycaemia control and weight as risk factors for endothelial dysfunction.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelium, Vascula | 2008 |
Adiponectin upregulates monocytic activin A but systemic levels are not altered in obesity or type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Activins; Adiponectin; Aged; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2009 |
CE with direct sample injection for the determination of metformin in plasma for type 2 diabetic mellitus: An adequate alternative to HPLC.
Topics: Adult; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Electrophoresis, Capillary; | 2009 |
Follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; M | 2009 |
[Blood pressure and type 2 diabetes mellitus: impact of the insulin therapy].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Diabetes Mellitus | 2007 |
Amelioration of metformin-induced hypothyroidism by Withania somnifera and Bauhinia purpurea extracts in Type 2 diabetic mice.
Topics: Animals; Bauhinia; Dexamethasone; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female | 2009 |
Follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2009 |
Follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Me | 2009 |
Glycemic control prevents microvascular remodeling and increased tone in type 2 diabetes: link to endothelin-1.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Collagen; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Endothelin-1; H | 2009 |
The risk of developing coronary artery disease or congestive heart failure, and overall mortality, in type 2 diabetic patients receiving rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, metformin, or sulfonylureas: a retrospective analysis.
Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Coronary Artery Bypass; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitu | 2009 |
Self blood glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes. A financial impact analysis based on UK primary care.
Topics: Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exercise; | 2009 |
Treatment choice and effectiveness of adding sulphonylurea or glitazones to metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Choice Behavior; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Europe; Female; Glycate | 2009 |
Is it time to test metformin in breast cancer clinical trials?
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers, Tumor; Breast Neoplasms; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; H | 2009 |
Glycemic variability correlates strongly with postprandial beta-cell dysfunction in a segment of type 2 diabetic patients using oral hypoglycemic agents.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cross-Sectional | 2009 |
Diabetes treatment.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformi | 2009 |
Medical management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy: a consensus statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes: response to Nath
Topics: Algorithms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Europe; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypog | 2009 |
Metabonomic study of biochemical changes in the serum of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients after the treatment of metformin hydrochloride.
Topics: Biomarkers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2009 |
Adherence in patients transferred from immediate release metformin to a sustained release formulation: a population-based study.
Topics: Aged; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; | 2009 |
Treatment with metformin is protective against limitations in instrumental activities of daily living in older subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disability Evaluation; Female; Humans; | 2009 |
The case. A suicidal woman with delayed high anion gap metabolic acidosis.
Topics: Acidosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Overdose; Female; Humans; Metformin; Middle Aged; Pyridine | 2009 |
Successful treatment of severe lactic acidosis caused by a suicide attempt with a metformin overdose.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Overdose; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2009 |
Exenatide and acute pancreatitis.
Topics: Acute Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Exenatide; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2008 |
Long-standing hidradenitis suppurativa treated effectively with metformin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Human | 2009 |
Prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and relation to glycemic control therapies at baseline in the BARI 2D cohort.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Coronary Artery Bypass; Coronary Artery Disease; Cross-Sectional Studie | 2009 |
Hyperinsulinaemia and iron perturbation in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Iron; | 2009 |
Reduced-function SLC22A1 polymorphisms encoding organic cation transporter 1 and glycemic response to metformin: a GoDARTS study.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; | 2009 |
[Certain beginning of insulin therapy: yes, we can, but...].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypo | 2009 |
Autophagy in human type 2 diabetes pancreatic beta cells.
Topics: Aged; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; Autophagy; Autophagy-Related Protein-1 Homolog; Beclin-1; Cathe | 2009 |
[Optimisation of pharmacological therapy in a patient with a newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Anticholesteremic Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Decision Making; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Human | 2009 |
Antidiabetic therapies affect risk of pancreatic cancer.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Age Distribution; Aged; Cancer Care Facilities; Case-Control Studies; Causality; Com | 2009 |
Lost in translation: modulation of the metabolic-functional relation in the diabetic human heart.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty A | 2009 |
Islet enhancer vildagliptin: a powerful partner with metformin for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2009 |
Metformin in renal failure--weigh the evidence.
Topics: Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2009 |
Beneficial endocrine but adverse exocrine effects of sitagliptin in the human islet amyloid polypeptide transgenic rat model of type 2 diabetes: interactions with metformin.
Topics: Amyloid; Animals; Animals, Genetically Modified; Arginine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models | 2009 |
Identification and treatment of prediabetes to prevent progression to type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Acarbose; Anti-Obesity Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2008 |
[Effect of the Gly972Arg, SNP43 and Prol2Ala polymorphisms of the genes IRS1, CAPN10 and PPARG2 on secondary failure to sulphonylurea and metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes in Yucatán, México].
Topics: Aged; Anthropometry; Body Mass Index; Calpain; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Resistance; Female; G | 2009 |
[Vildagliptin (Galvus) and fixed combination vildagliptine-metformin (Eucreas) in the treatment of type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Adamantane; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2009 |
A cost-effectiveness analysis of pioglitazone plus metformin compared with rosiglitazone plus metformin from a third-party payer perspective in the US.
Topics: Aged; Comorbidity; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Co | 2009 |
Balancing risk and benefit with oral hypoglycemic drugs.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Administration, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans | 2009 |
Does glucose infusion exacerbate metformin-associated lactate acidosis? A case report.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Colectomy; Colitis, Ulcerative; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fe | 2009 |
Customised birthweight centiles are useful for identifying small-for-gestational-age babies in women with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Birth Weight; Body Mass Index; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hyp | 2009 |
Current therapeutic drugs for type 2 diabetes, still useful after 50 years?
Topics: Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; History, 20th Century; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agent | 2009 |
Reduced daily risk of glycemic variability: comparison of exenatide with insulin glargine.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insul | 2009 |
Competact, a fixed combination of pioglitazone and metformin, improves metabolic markers in type 2 diabetes patients with insufficient glycemic control by metformin alone--results from a post-marketing surveillance trial under daily routine conditions.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Femal | 2009 |
Prescribing metformin in type 2 diabetes with a contraindication: prevalence and outcome.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hospitalizatio | 2009 |
[Metformin also as first choice in patients with normal weight. Has its use increased?].
Topics: Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Longitudinal Studies; Metformin | 2009 |
Antihyperglycaemic medication modifies factors of postprandial satiety in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Amino Acids; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2009 |
Metformin/Repaglinide (PrandiMet) for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Drug Interactions; G | 2009 |
Metformin dispersible tablets: line extension. A welcome formulation of an essential drug.
Topics: Adult; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Approval; France; Humans; M | 2008 |
Adiponectin downregulates CD163 whose cellular and soluble forms are elevated in obesity.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocy | 2009 |
Metformin and insulin meet in a most atypical way.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gluconeogenesis; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Liver; Membrane P | 2009 |
Thiazolidinediones and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hospitalization; Humans; Hyd | 2009 |
Metformin is a unique drug.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Metformin; Practice Guid | 2009 |
Taking the stress out of insulin initiation in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Family Practice; Glycated | 2009 |
Vertebral fractures in males with type 2 diabetes treated with rosiglitazone.
Topics: Aged; Body Mass Index; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Demography; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2009 |
Vildagliptin and vildagliptin/metformin: new drug. Same limited efficacy as sitagliptin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adamantane; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; | 2008 |
Investigation of the effect of oral metformin on dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) activity in Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipept | 2009 |
Investigation of the effect of oral metformin on dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) activity in Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipept | 2009 |
Investigation of the effect of oral metformin on dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) activity in Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipept | 2009 |
Investigation of the effect of oral metformin on dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) activity in Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipept | 2009 |
Rosiglitazone and myocardial infarction in patients previously prescribed metformin.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Femal | 2009 |
By the way, doctor. I've had type 2 diabetes for 12 years; I'm now 81. I take metformin plus Januvia. My doctor has never suggested that I monitor myself on a daily basis with a meter. My hemoglobin A1c has been creeping up and is now at 7. Should I
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug The | 2009 |
New users of metformin are at low risk of incident cancer: a cohort study among people with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2009 |
New users of metformin are at low risk of incident cancer: a cohort study among people with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2009 |
New users of metformin are at low risk of incident cancer: a cohort study among people with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2009 |
New users of metformin are at low risk of incident cancer: a cohort study among people with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2009 |
Bone disease, gestational diabetes mellitus, and health care.
Topics: Bone Density; Bone Diseases; Collagen; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Fra | 2009 |
Gastroprotective effects of the insulin sensitizers rosiglitazone and metformin against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in Type 2 diabetic rats.
Topics: Animals; Catalase; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dinoprostone; Gastric | 2010 |
The influence of glucose-lowering therapies on cancer risk in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Pressure; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Melli | 2009 |
Regulation of glucose-6-phosphatase gene expression by insulin and metformin.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Res | 2009 |
Change in glucometer settings as a cause of sudden deterioration of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Carbamates; Computers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Equi | 2009 |
Thiazolidinediones and cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study of over 473,000 patients using the National Health Insurance database in Taiwan.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female | 2009 |
Total and acylated ghrelin levels in type 2 diabetic patients: similar levels observed after treatment with metformin, pioglitazone or diet therapy.
Topics: Acylation; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Ghrelin; | 2009 |
Effects of guggulsterone isolated from Commiphora mukul in high fat diet induced diabetic rats.
Topics: Animals; Anticholesteremic Agents; Blood Glucose; Commiphora; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabe | 2009 |
Antidiabetic effects of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch. gum, a novel food additive in China, on streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats.
Topics: Animals; Artemisia; Blood Glucose; China; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Experime | 2009 |
Sitagliptin + metformin: new combination. Do not use this combination. Sitagliptin provides a slight increase of glucose-lowering effects, but there is a disturbing potential for long-term adverse effects: infections, depression, and cancer.
Topics: Biguanides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Approval; Drug Combi | 2009 |
Sustained hyperglycemia among patients with diabetes: what matters when action is needed?
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated He | 2009 |
Rosiglitazone maleate + metformin hydrochloride extend: review of an emerging compound.
Topics: Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Gluconeogenesis; | 2009 |
Metformin use and prostate cancer in Caucasian men: results from a population-based case-control study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Met | 2009 |
Panel discussion on achieving glycemic control.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hyperglycemia; | 2001 |
Redefining insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2004 |
Metformin: diamonds are forever.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; | 2009 |
Vildagliptin therapy and hypoglycaemia in Muslim type 2 diabetes patients during Ramadan.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fastin | 2009 |
[Vitamin B12 deficiency secondary to metformin therapy].
Topics: Aged; Anemia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Synergism; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Hyperhomocystei | 2010 |
Diabetes: HOME reveals new data on a cornerstone of treatment.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformin; Treatment Outcome | 2009 |
Metabonomic variations in the drug-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and healthy volunteers.
Topics: Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2009 |
Metformin, cancer, alphabet soup, and the role of epidemiology in etiologic research.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2009 |
Depression, depression treatment, and insulin sensitivity in adults at risk for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Antidepressive Agents; Connecticut; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2009 |
Is it time to test metformin in breast cancer prevention trials? A reply to the authors.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2009 |
Type 2 diabetes: target HbA1c of about 7%.
Topics: Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Follow-Up Studies; Glycate | 2009 |
Zinc-activated C-peptide resistance to the type 2 diabetic erythrocyte is associated with hyperglycemia-induced phosphatidylserine externalization and reversed by metformin.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Antibodies; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Erythrocytes; Exo | 2009 |
The European Exenatide study of long-term exenatide vs. glimepiride for type 2 diabetes: rationale and patient characteristics.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response | 2009 |
Metformin associated lactic acidosis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Middle | 2009 |
Diabetic diarrhea.
Topics: Algorithms; Antidiarrheals; Celiac Disease; Clonidine; Colitis; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mel | 2009 |
Metformin primarily decreases plasma glucose not by gluconeogenesis suppression but by activating glucose utilization in a non-obese type 2 diabetes Goto-Kakizaki rats.
Topics: Alanine; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relations | 2009 |
Triple verses glimepiride plus metformin therapy on cardiovascular risk biomarkers and diabetic cardiomyopathy in insulin resistance type 2 diabetes mellitus rats.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Cardiomyopathies; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Ther | 2009 |
Treating patients with type 2 diabetes: what is after lifestyle management and metformin? A focus on the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Family Practice; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Humans; Life S | 2009 |
Saxagliptin.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2009 |
Therapies for type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease.
Topics: Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Coronary Artery Bypass; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2009 |
In vivo metabolic phenotyping of myocardial substrate metabolism in rodents: differential efficacy of metformin and rosiglitazone monotherapy.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Echocardiography; | 2009 |
Hyperinsulinemia and risk for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic liver diseases and Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Humans; Hyperins | 2009 |
Adiponectin downregulates galectin-3 whose cellular form is elevated whereas its soluble form is reduced in type 2 diabetic monocytes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; Body Mass Index; Cells, Cul | 2009 |
[Insulin secretion is increased depending on glucose.. Metabolism regulation in type 2 diabetes mellitus over five paths].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exena | 2009 |
[Female patient with type 2 diabetes in coma with metabolic acidosis].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Metformin | 2009 |
Metformin, estrogen replacement therapy and gonadotropin inhibition fail to improve insulin sensitivity in a girl with aromatase deficiency.
Topics: Androgen Antagonists; Androgens; Aromatase; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Estrogen Replacement T | 2009 |
A summary of the ADVANCE Trial.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic Retinopathy; Disease Progr | 2009 |
Metformin use in renal dysfunction: is a serum creatinine threshold appropriate?
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Kidney Disease | 2009 |
[Glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients in public and private healthcare service].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Brazil; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Epidemiologic Methods; Female; Glycat | 2009 |
Continuation of metformin after introduction of insulin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformi | 2009 |
The renaissance of metformin in endocrine clinical practice.
Topics: Climacteric; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endocrinology; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformi | 2009 |
Metformin associated with lower cancer mortality in type 2 diabetes: ZODIAC-16.
Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopath | 2010 |
[Type 2 diabetes: interview with Prof. Stephan Matthaei. Reaching HbA1c target value while preventing hypoglycemia].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated H | 2009 |
[Combination antidiabetic therapy. Better control of blood glucose values].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated H | 2009 |
Three cases of severe metformin-related lactic acidosis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Critical Care; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatal Outcome; Female; Humans; Hyp | 2010 |
Relationship of plasma creatinine and lactic acid in type 2 diabetic patients without renal dysfunction.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2009 |
Evaluation of a simple policy for pre- and post-prandial blood glucose self-monitoring in people with type 2 diabetes not on insulin.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fema | 2010 |
Risk of cardiovascular disease and all cause mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes prescribed oral antidiabetes drugs: retrospective cohort study using UK general practice research database.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Fractures, Bon | 2009 |
Risk of cardiovascular disease and all cause mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes prescribed oral antidiabetes drugs: retrospective cohort study using UK general practice research database.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Fractures, Bon | 2009 |
Risk of cardiovascular disease and all cause mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes prescribed oral antidiabetes drugs: retrospective cohort study using UK general practice research database.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Fractures, Bon | 2009 |
Risk of cardiovascular disease and all cause mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes prescribed oral antidiabetes drugs: retrospective cohort study using UK general practice research database.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Fractures, Bon | 2009 |
Initial therapy for type 2 diabetes. Examination of a combination approach.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Th | 2009 |
Metformin increases plasma ghrelin in Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Appetite; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2009 |
Mysterious metformin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; | 2009 |
Treating type 2 diabetes. A specialist's approach.
Topics: Algorithms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Human | 2009 |
Secondary failure of metformin monotherapy in clinical practice.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Drug Resistance; Female; | 2010 |
Secondary failure of metformin monotherapy in clinical practice.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Drug Resistance; Female; | 2010 |
Secondary failure of metformin monotherapy in clinical practice.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Drug Resistance; Female; | 2010 |
Secondary failure of metformin monotherapy in clinical practice.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Drug Resistance; Female; | 2010 |
Baseline serum total adiponectin level is positively associated with changes in bone mineral density after 1-year treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adiponectin; Aged; Asian People; Bone Density; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorben | 2010 |
Treatment with sitagliptin or metformin does not increase body weight despite predicted reductions in urinary glucose excretion.
Topics: Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Models, The | 2009 |
Combination therapy with sulfonylureas and metformin and the prevention of death in type 2 diabetes: a nested case-control study.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, C | 2010 |
Hypoglycemic effects of Cecropia pachystachya in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
Topics: Alloxan; Animals; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Glucose; Cecropia Plant; Diabetes Mellitus; Dia | 2010 |
Sulphonyurea as a cause of severe hypoglycaemia in the community.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Huma | 2010 |
Increased glycation and oxidative damage to apolipoprotein B100 of LDL cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes and effect of metformin.
Topics: Aged; Apolipoprotein B-100; Arginine; Blood Pressure; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellit | 2010 |
Metformin normalizes type 2 diabetes-induced decrease in cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the rat dentate gyrus.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cell Proliferation; Dentate Gyrus; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimen | 2010 |
Metformin--a convenient alternative to insulin for Indian women with diabetes in pregnancy.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2009 |
Serum galectin-3 is elevated in obesity and negatively correlates with glycosylated hemoglobin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adipocytes; Adult; Aged; Animals; Blotting, Western; Body Mass Index; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mell | 2010 |
Optimising the medical management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes in the Middle East: pivotal role of metformin.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Cost of Illness; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hum | 2010 |
Assessing the cost-effectiveness of drug and lifestyle intervention following opportunistic screening for pre-diabetes in primary care.
Topics: Aged; Australia; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Exercise; Female; Humans; H | 2010 |
SLC22A2 gene 808 G/T variant is related to plasma lactate concentration in Chinese type 2 diabetics treated with metformin.
Topics: Base Sequence; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA Primers; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lactic Ac | 2010 |
Diabetes: Strategies to prevent the type 2 diabetes mellitus epidemic.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; Metformin | 2010 |
Impact of metformin-induced gastrointestinal symptoms on quality of life and adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Confidence Intervals; Data Collection; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gastrointestinal Dis | 2010 |
Metformin therapy and outcomes in patients with advanced systolic heart failure and diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Heart Failure, Systol | 2010 |
Metformin use in patients with diabetes mellitus and heart failure: friend or foe?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Heart Failure, Systolic; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metfo | 2010 |
Insulin regimens in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformi | 2010 |
Insulin regimens in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemia; | 2010 |
Clinical evaluation of combined therapy for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2010 |
Long-term metformin use is associated with decreased risk of breast cancer.
Topics: Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2010 |
Long-term metformin use is associated with decreased risk of breast cancer.
Topics: Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2010 |
Long-term metformin use is associated with decreased risk of breast cancer.
Topics: Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2010 |
Long-term metformin use is associated with decreased risk of breast cancer.
Topics: Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2010 |
Treatment of type 2 diabetes and outcomes in patients with heart failure: a nested case-control study from the U.K. General Practice Research Database.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Aspi | 2010 |
[Treatment guidelines for hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes patients with stable chronic heart failure or ischemic cardiomyopathy without heart failure].
Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Algorithms; Consensus; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug T | 2010 |
Glucose supply and insulin demand dynamics of antidiabetic agents.
Topics: 1-Deoxynojirimycin; Acarbose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2010 |
Metformin and reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in diabetic patients with chronic liver disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Case-Control Studies; Chronic Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2010 |
[Revascularization in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease: BARI 2D (Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes) Study Group].
Topics: Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Combined Modality Therapy; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Artery Byp | 2010 |
The BARI 2D study: a randomised trial of therapies for type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease.
Topics: Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformin; | 2010 |
New therapeutic options: management strategies to optimize glycemic control.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inh | 2010 |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus with pancreatic beta cell dysfunction in 3 horses confirmed with minimal model analysis.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Diet Therapy; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; | 2009 |
Crosstalk between insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 receptors and G protein-coupled receptor signaling systems: a novel target for the antidiabetic drug metformin in pancreatic cancer.
Topics: Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Mechanist | 2010 |
pH 6.68--surviving severe metformin intoxication.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Blood Gas Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hospitalization; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2010 |
Role of KLF15 in regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis and metformin action.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Blotting, Western; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gene Expressi | 2010 |
Glucose-lowering agents and cancer mortality rates in type 2 diabetes: assessing effects of time-varying exposure.
Topics: Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agent | 2010 |
Pre-existing cardiovascular diseases and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Europe: a matched cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mell | 2010 |
Diabetes: preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus: is metformin the answer?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin-Secreting Cells | 2010 |
Understanding the inter-relationship between improved glycaemic control, hypoglycaemia and weight change within a long-term economic model.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemia; | 2010 |
Addition of incretin therapy to metformin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2010 |
[Sequential treatment with insulin glargine and metformin, and exenatide in a patient with newly diagnosed type-2 diabetes].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Dru | 2010 |
Direct healthcare costs of patients with type 2 diabetes using long-acting insulin analogues or NPH insulin in a basal insulin-only regimen.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ambulatory Care; Chi-Square Distribution; Child; Child, Preschool; Cost-Benefit A | 2010 |
The impact of type 2 diabetes and antidiabetic drugs on cancer cell growth.
Topics: Apoptosis; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Deoxycytidine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Resi | 2011 |
The impact of publishing medical specialty society guidelines on subsequent adoption of best practices: a case study with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Algorithms; Consensus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Practice G | 2010 |
Effective switch from premixed to basal-prandial insulin to achieve glycemic goals in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combina | 2010 |
Database evaluation of the effects of long-term rosiglitazone treatment on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Stud | 2011 |
Reduced serum vitamin B-12 in patients taking metformin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Risk Factors | 2010 |
More favorable progesterone receptor phenotype of breast cancer in diabetics treated with metformin.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2011 |
Number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells as a marker of vascular endothelial function for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Endothelial Ce | 2010 |
Comparison of metformin, gliclazide MR and rosiglitazone in monotherapy and in combination for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gli | 2010 |
Glucose-lowering therapies and cancer risk: the trials and tribulations of trials and observations.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Neoplas | 2010 |
Incorporating practical lifestyle management for obesity.
Topics: Appetite Depressants; Attitude to Health; Bariatric Surgery; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Exerci | 2010 |
Can postprandial blood glucose excursion be predicted in type 2 diabetes?
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Carbohydrates; Female; Gas Chromatography-Ma | 2010 |
Metformin and cancer: licence to heal?
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; | 2010 |
Influence of therapy with metformin on the concentration of certain divalent cations in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Cations, Divalent; Cholesterol; Copper; Diabetes Mellitu | 2011 |
Relationships between daily acute glucose fluctuations and cognitive performance among aged type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Cognition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glyburide; Hum | 2010 |
Metformin inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis in mice independently of the LKB1/AMPK pathway via a decrease in hepatic energy state.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Glucose | 2010 |
Individualised incretin-based treatment for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Th | 2010 |
Diabetes drug interferes with vitamin B12.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Folic Acid; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2010 |
Generation, validation and humanisation of a novel insulin resistant cell model.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; | 2010 |
Metformin selectively attenuates mitochondrial H2O2 emission without affecting respiratory capacity in skeletal muscle of obese rats.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Electron Transport Complex I; Hydrogen Peroxide; Male; Metformin | 2010 |
Preventing type 2 diabetes with low-dose combinations.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Risk F | 2010 |
Multifactorial treatment increases endothelial progenitor cells in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Aspirin; Cell Count; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 2010 |
Relationship between cumulative dose of thiazolidinediones and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetic patients with history of heart failure: a population-based cohort study in Taiwan.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Asian People; Cohort Studies; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2010 |
Cimetidine-induced lactic acidosis and acute pancreatitis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Disease; Cimetidine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Female; G | 2010 |
Clinical outcomes after radical prostatectomy in diabetic patients treated with metformin.
Topics: Aged; Antineoplastic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease-Free Survival; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2010 |
Genetic polymorphisms in organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) in Chinese and Japanese populations exhibit altered function.
Topics: Aged; Arginine; Biological Transport, Active; Biotinylation; Blotting, Western; Cell Line; China; Di | 2010 |
The increasing epidemiology of diabetes and review of current treatment algorithms.
Topics: Algorithms; Biological Assay; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Management; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 | 2010 |
Illustrative case and discussion: a 58-year-old man with diabetes.
Topics: Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hy | 2010 |
Hepatotoxicity associated with metformin therapy in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Topics: Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Liver; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2010 |
New strategies in pancreatic cancer: emerging epidemiologic and therapeutic concepts.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Diseas | 2010 |
Sulphonylurea-metformin combination therapy, cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: the Fremantle Diabetes Study.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Drug Ther | 2010 |
[Effect of initial periodontal therapy on diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis].
Topics: Adult; Alveolar Bone Loss; Blood Glucose; Chronic Periodontitis; Dental Scaling; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2010 |
Safety and tolerability of vildagliptin vs. thiazolidinedione as add-on to metformin in type 2 diabetic patients with and without mild renal impairment: a retrospective analysis of the GALIANT study.
Topics: Adamantane; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Dipeptidy | 2010 |
Initial nonadherence, primary failure and therapeutic success of metformin monotherapy in clinical practice.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Algorithms; Cohort Studies; Databases as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Huma | 2010 |
Influence of oral antidiabetic drugs on hyperglycemic response to foods in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus as assessed by continuous glucose monitoring system: a pilot study.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabetes | 2010 |
Adding noninsulin antidiabetic drugs to metformin therapy for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Algorithms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Weight Gain | 2010 |
Adding noninsulin antidiabetic drugs to metformin therapy for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Placebo Effe | 2010 |
A retrospective cohort study of economic outcomes and adherence to monotherapy with metformin, pioglitazone, or a sulfonylurea among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the United States from 2003 to 2005.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2010 |
Metformin is associated with improved left ventricular diastolic function measured by tissue Doppler imaging in patients with diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Coronary Angiography; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Echocardiography; Humans; Hyp | 2010 |
Efficacy and safety of metformin for treatment of type 2 diabetes in elderly Japanese patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2011 |
Metformin and energy metabolism in breast cancer: from insulin physiology to tumour-initiating stem cells.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Antineoplastic Agents; Blood Glucose; Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mell | 2010 |
Effect of Cyclea peltata Lam. roots aqueous extract on glucose levels, lipid profile, insulin, TNF-alpha and skeletal muscle glycogen in type 2 diabetic rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cyclea; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Eva | 2010 |
An economic evaluation of colesevelam when added to metformin-, insulin- or sulfonylurea-based therapies in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Allylamine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Colesevelam Hydrochloride; Cost- | 2010 |
Frequent reoccurrence of hypoglycemia in a type 2 diabetic patient with insulin antibodies.
Topics: Acarbose; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemia | 2010 |
Approval of chronic medication - Discovery Health hits new lows.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Male; Metformin | 2010 |
Distinguishing among incretin-based therapies. Glucose-lowering effects of incretin-based therapies.
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhi | 2010 |
Distinguishing among incretin-based therapies. Patient education and self-management.
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhi | 2010 |
Distinguishing among incretin-based therapies. Safety, tolerability, and nonglycemic effects of incretin-based therapies.
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhi | 2010 |
Distinguishing among incretin-based therapies. Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus: potential role of incretin-based therapies.
Topics: Adamantane; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Exenatide; Female; Glucagon; | 2010 |
Distinguishing among incretin-based therapies. Introduction.
Topics: Adamantane; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors | 2010 |
[Dynamics of structural-functional parameters of cardiovascular system during use of complex therapy of women with type 2 diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Aged; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Chi-Square Distribution; Data Interpretation, Statis | 2010 |
Metformin treatment for Type 2 diabetes in pregnancy?
Topics: Adult; Breast Feeding; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2010 |
Statin therapy improves sustained virologic response among diabetic patients with chronic hepatitis C.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glyc | 2011 |
Metformin treatment is associated with a low risk of mortality in diabetic patients with heart failure: a retrospective nationwide cohort study.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cause of Death; Cohort Studies; Denmark; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabeti | 2010 |
A systems biology approach to identify effective cocktail drugs.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gene Expression Profiling; | 2010 |
Diabetes treatment patterns and goal achievement in primary diabetes care (DiaRegis) - study protocol and patient characteristics at baseline.
Topics: Adult; Comorbidity; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Ge | 2010 |
Effect of Metformin on mortality in patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2010 |
Metformin-related lactic acidosis in patients with acute kidney injury.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; H | 2011 |
Top ways to reduce your risk of developing diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Exercise; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; Metformin; Risk | 2010 |
[Effect of metformin on the formation of hepatic fibrosis in type 2 diabetic rats].
Topics: Actins; Animals; Apoptosis; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Me | 2010 |
Rosiglitazone plus metformin to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2010 |
Rosiglitazone plus metformin to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2010 |
Rosiglitazone plus metformin to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2010 |
Metformin regulates the incretin receptor axis via a pathway dependent on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α in mice.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Eating; Gastric Inhibitory Po | 2011 |
Impaired renal function modifies the risk of severe hypoglycaemia among users of insulin but not glyburide: a population-based nested case-control study.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Canada; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up | 2011 |
Limitations of metformin use in patients with kidney disease: are they warranted?
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adolescent; Adult; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathi | 2010 |
Low HDL cholesterol, metformin use, and cancer risk in type 2 diabetes: the Hong Kong Diabetes Registry.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hong Kong; Huma | 2011 |
Metformin and cancer occurrence in insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; | 2011 |
Remission of diabetes mellitus type 2 with severe hyperglycemia after Exenatide treatment.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Female; Humans; Metformin; Middle Aged; Obesity; Peptides; Rem | 2010 |
Effect of combining rosiglitazone with either metformin or insulin on β-cell mass and function in an animal model of Type 2 diabetes characterized by reduced β-cell mass at birth.
Topics: Adiposity; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mel | 2011 |
Serum sialic acid changes in type 2 diabetic patients on metformin or rosiglitazone treatment.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; | 2010 |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and medications for type 2 diabetes mellitus are associated with risk for and mortality from cancer in a German primary care cohort.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Germany; Humans; H | 2011 |
Effect of metformin on renal microsomal proteins, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in dexamethasone-induced type-2 diabetic mice.
Topics: Animals; Catalase; Dexamethasone; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glutat | 2010 |
Multiple outcomes associated with the use of metformin and sulphonylureas in type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study in Italy.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dia | 2011 |
In vitro and in vivo acute antihyperglycemic effects of five selected indigenous plants from Jordan used in traditional medicine.
Topics: Achillea; alpha-Amylases; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme Inhibitors; Ethn | 2011 |
Impact of medication discontinuation on increased intestinal FDG accumulation in diabetic patients treated with metformin.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Biological Transport; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; | 2010 |
Metformin use and mortality among patients with diabetes and atherothrombosis.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Coronary Artery Disease; Creatinine | 2010 |
Effect of sulphonylurea treatment on glycaemic control is related to TCF7L2 genotype in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycat | 2011 |
Considering options for attenuating postmeal glucose excursions.
Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Proteins; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; F | 2010 |
Pronounced weight gain in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with an unfavourable cardiometabolic risk profile.
Topics: Aged; Body Fat Distribution; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes | 2010 |
New aspects of an old drug: metformin as a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) enhancer and sensitiser.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Eating; Gastric Inhibitory Po | 2011 |
Does metformin increase the risk of fatal or nonfatal lactic acidosis?
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2010 |
RCPE UK consensus statement on diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; United | 2010 |
The RCPE UK Consensus Statement on Diabetes.
Topics: Congresses as Topic; Consensus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; | 2010 |
[Metformin treatment causes persisting lactic acidosis after cardiac arrest].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatal Outcome; Heart Arr | 2010 |
Summaries for patients: Does adding exenatide to insulin treatment benefit patients with type 2 diabetes?
Topics: Aged; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2011 |
Achieving glycemic goal with initial versus sequential combination therapy using metformin and pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug | 2011 |
Metformin improves cardiac function in rats via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus | 2011 |
Old age may not be a contraindication to the use of metformin.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2010 |
Fasting plasma lactate concentrations in ambulatory elderly patients with type 2 diabetes receiving metformin therapy: a retrospective cross-sectional study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Creatinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fast | 2010 |
Metformin and the incidence of prostate cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hy | 2011 |
Improved glycaemic control with reduced hypoglycaemic episodes and without weight gain using long-term modern premixed insulins in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Biphasic Insulins; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Fasting; Femal | 2011 |
Insulin and metformin may prevent renal injury in young type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dia | 2011 |
Abnormal metabolism flexibility in response to high palmitate concentrations in myotubes derived from obese type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase; Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Cells, Cultured; | 2011 |
Guideline-conformity of initiation with oral hypoglycemic treatment for patients with newly therapy-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus in Austria.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Austria; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2011 |
Common variants near ATM are associated with glycemic response to metformin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Cycle Proteins; Dia | 2011 |
Common variants near ATM are associated with glycemic response to metformin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Cycle Proteins; Dia | 2011 |
Common variants near ATM are associated with glycemic response to metformin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Cycle Proteins; Dia | 2011 |
Common variants near ATM are associated with glycemic response to metformin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Cycle Proteins; Dia | 2011 |
[Medication of the month. Sitagliptin-metformin fixed combination (Janumet)].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pyrazines; Sit | 2010 |
A new shine on an old med. The story of metformin's past, present, and possible future.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Metformin; Polyc | 2010 |
Results of a model analysis of the cost-effectiveness of liraglutide versus exenatide added to metformin, glimepiride, or both for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in the United States.
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Female; Gluc | 2010 |
Self-reported experience of hypoglycemia among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (Exhype).
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; | 2011 |
Metformin and atorvastatin combination further protect the liver in type 2 diabetes with hyperlipidaemia.
Topics: Animals; Anticholesteremic Agents; Atorvastatin; Body Weight; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Complicat | 2011 |
Type 2 diabetes increases and metformin reduces total, colorectal, liver and pancreatic cancer incidences in Taiwanese: a representative population prospective cohort study of 800,000 individuals.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; I | 2011 |
Are sulfonylureas less desirable than DPP-4 inhibitors as add-on to metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Me | 2011 |
Metformin restores endothelial function in aorta of diabetic rats.
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Biomarkers; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelium, Vascula | 2011 |
Metformin associated with lower mortality in diabetic patients with early stage hepatocellular carcinoma after radiofrequency ablation.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analysis of Variance; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Catheter Ablation; | 2011 |
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA): clinical profile and outcomes in patients admitted to the intensive care unit.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Australia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Metformin | 2010 |
Recommendations for the pharmacologic treatment of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. Consensus document.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hy | 2011 |
Successful strategy to improve glucose tolerance in Thai obese youth.
Topics: Adolescent; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Ex | 2010 |
Tubular injury in a rat model of type 2 diabetes is prevented by metformin: a possible role of HIF-1α expression and oxygen metabolism.
Topics: Adenylate Kinase; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Cell Line; Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; Diabetes | 2011 |
Lactic acidosis after concomitant treatment with metformin and tenofovir in a patient with HIV infection.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Adenine; Aged; Anti-HIV Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dr | 2011 |
Can modeling of health outcomes facilitate regulatory decision making? The benefit-risk tradeoff for rosiglitazone in 1999 vs. 2007.
Topics: Decision Making, Organizational; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Approval; Female; Glyburide; Glycat | 2011 |
Familial diabetes is associated with reduced risk of cancer in diabetic patients: a possible role for metformin.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Stu | 2012 |
Thailand Diabetic Registry cohort: predicting death in Thai diabetic patients and causes of death.
Topics: Aged; Asian People; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellit | 2010 |
Adverse effect of pioglitazone in military personnel and their families: a preliminary report.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Edema; Family; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidenc | 2009 |
Insulin therapy has a complex relationship with measure of oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes: a case for further study.
Topics: Aged; Body Mass Index; Caloric Restriction; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dinoprost; Dose-Response Rela | 2011 |
Management of cardiovascular risk factors with pioglitazone combination therapies in type 2 diabetes: an observational cohort study.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseas | 2011 |
Diabetes mellitus type 2 through oncology lens.
Topics: Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Insulin; Isc | 2011 |
[Expression of aquaporin 7 in perirenal adipose tissue of Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty diabetic rats].
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Aquaporins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Kidney; Metformin; Obesity; Rats; Ra | 2011 |
Pharmacotherapy: GLP-1 analogues and insulin: sound the wedding bells?
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2011 |
Which oral agent to use when metformin is no longer effective?
Topics: Administration, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Tolerance; | 2011 |
Genomics: Drugs, diabetes and cancer.
Topics: Adenylate Kinase; AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; Animals; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Prote | 2011 |
Influence of CYP2C9 gene polymorphisms on response to glibenclamide in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Topics: Alleles; Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Cohort Stud | 2011 |
[Recommendations for the pharmacological treatment of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hy | 2011 |
When metformin fails in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Algorithms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hyp | 2011 |
[Recommendations for the pharmacological treatment of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hy | 2011 |
[Recommendations for the pharmacological treatment of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hy | 2011 |
Liraglutide therapy in Prader-Willi syndrome.
Topics: Adolescent; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; H | 2011 |
Thiazolidinediones and metformin associated with improved survival of diabetic prostate cancer patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Kaplan-Meier | 2011 |
[Clinical practice guidelines in type 2 diabetes mellitus: similarities and discrepancies].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformin; Pra | 2010 |
[Effect of short-term intensive therapy with glimepiride and metformin in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Male; Metformin; Sulfonylurea | 2011 |
Scintigraphic diagnosis of Erdheim-Chester disease.
Topics: Aged; Amlodipine; Antihypertensive Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Erdheim-Che | 2011 |
Baicalin upregulates the genetic expression of antioxidant enzymes in Type-2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Blotting, Western; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Flavonoids; Hyperg | 2011 |
Dialysis therapy for lactic acidosis caused by metformin intoxication: presentation of two cases.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adolescent; Bicarbonates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dialysis Solutions; Humans; H | 2011 |
Antidiabetic treatments and risk of hospitalisation with myocardial infarction: a nationwide case-control study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Databases, Factual; Denmark; Diabetes Mellitus | 2011 |
Long term patterns of use after initiation of oral antidiabetic drug therapy.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Guideline Adherenc | 2011 |
Improvement in metformin and insulin utilisation in the Australian veteran population associated with quality use of medicines intervention programs.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Australia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hu | 2011 |
Comment on: Chen et al. utilizing the second-meal effect in type 2 diabetes: practical use of a soya-yogurt snack. Diabetes Care 2010;33:2552–2554.
Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Proteins; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; F | 2011 |
Treatment intensification in patients with type 2 diabetes who failed metformin monotherapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; | 2011 |
Metformin sensitizes insulin signaling through AMPK-mediated PTEN down-regulation in preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells.
Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; Adipocytes; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Down-Re | 2011 |
Inlay osmotic pump tablets containing metformin and glipizide.
Topics: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations | 2011 |
Total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein and triglyceride for cardiovascular disease in elderly patients treated with metformin.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2011 |
Mortality and cardiovascular risk associated with different insulin secretagogues compared with metformin in type 2 diabetes, with or without a previous myocardial infarction: a nationwide study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cause of Death; Denmark; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Humans; Hypo | 2011 |
Resolving drug effects from class effects among drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus: more support for cardiovascular outcome assessments.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformin; M | 2011 |
Determinants of an optimal response to pioglitazone in terms of HDL-cholesterol.
Topics: Aged; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Female; Glyc | 2011 |
Post-prandial carbohydrate modulation via gut--Indian perspective.
Topics: Acarbose; alpha-Glucosidases; Asian People; Blood Glucose; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastroi | 2010 |
Thyrotropin-lowering effect of metformin in a patient with resistance to thyroid hormone.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Male; Metformin; Thyroid Hormone Resistanc | 2011 |
Prognostic influence of metformin as first-line chemotherapy for advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell L | 2011 |
Pivotal role of timely basal insulin replacement after metformin failure in sustaining long-term blood glucose control at a target in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; | 2011 |
Comment on: Chen et al. Utilizing the second-meal effect in type 2 diabetes: practical use of a soya-yogurt snack. Diabetes Care 2010;33:2552-2554.
Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Proteins; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; F | 2011 |
Design of a decision support system to help clinicians manage glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Decision Support Systems, Clinical; Decision Suppor | 2011 |
Relations of adiponectin to levels of metabolic parameters and sexual hormones in elderly type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Age Factors; Body Mass Index; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2011 |
Type of preadmission antidiabetic treatment and outcome among patients with ischemic stroke: a nationwide follow-up study.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Brain Ischemia; Denmark; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studi | 2012 |
Metformin associated lactic acidosis: incidence and clinical correlation with metformin serum concentration measurements.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Early | 2011 |
[Clinical vignette. Which combination of oral glucose-lowering agents to use after failure of metformin monotherapy in type 2 diabetes?].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2011 |
New therapeutic options: management strategies to optimize glycemic control.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin- | 2011 |
Should metformin be our antiglycemic agent of choice post-transplantation?
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2011 |
Metformin activates an ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)/Chk2-regulated DNA damage-like response.
Topics: Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cell Line, Tu | 2011 |
Comparison of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin and the sulphonylurea gliclazide in combination with metformin, in Muslim patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting during Ramadan: results of the VECTOR study.
Topics: Adamantane; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Fasting; | 2011 |
[Therapeutic approaches to improve blood glucose control in a patient with type 2 diabetes on a metformin-sulfonylurea combination].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; | 2011 |
Exenatide improves weight loss insulin sensitivity and β-cell function following administration to a type 2 diabetic HIV patient on antiretroviral therapy.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug T | 2011 |
Levels of evidence needed for changing indications, contraindications, and Food and Drug Administration labeling: the case of metformin.
Topics: Canada; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Contraindications; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2011 |
Metformin as a cause of high stomal output.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ileostomy; Male; Metformin; Middle A | 2012 |
Metformin for cancer prevention.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin-Like Growth F | 2011 |
Impact of rosiglitazone therapy on the lipid profile, glycemic control, and medication costs among type 2 diabetes patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cholesterol, LDL; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fem | 2011 |
Changes over time in glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and beta-cell function in response to low-dose metformin and thiazolidinedione combination therapy in patients with impaired glucose tolerance.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Female; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Hy | 2011 |
What's next for diabetes prevention?
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Insulin-Secreting Cel | 2011 |
Variation in KCNQ1 is associated with therapeutic response to sulphonylureas.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA Primers; Genotype; Humans; KCNQ1 | 2011 |
Lifestyle intervention in postmenopausal women: winning the game against diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; Menopause; Metformin | 2011 |
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in South Dakota: focused insight into prevalence, physiology and treatment.
Topics: Adipocytes; Adrenergic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Ob | 2011 |
Lupin seed γ-conglutin lowers blood glucose in hyperglycaemic rats and increases glucose consumption of HepG2 cells.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Proteins; Dietary Supplements; Glucose; H | 2012 |
Hypoglycemic effects and biochemical mechanisms of oat products on streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.
Topics: Animals; Avena; beta-Glucans; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2011 |
Impact of metformin on the prognosis of cirrhosis induced by viral hepatitis C in diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hepatitis C, | 2011 |
Insulin management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug | 2011 |
Latin American consensus: children born small for gestational age.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dyslipidemias; Female | 2011 |
Effectiveness of adding vildagliptin to the treatment of diabetic patients nonresponsive to the combination of metformin and a sulphonylurea.
Topics: Adamantane; Administration, Oral; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2011 |
Effect of metformin on survival outcomes in diabetic patients with triple receptor-negative breast cancer.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus | 2012 |
Elevated circulating vaspin levels were decreased by rosiglitazone therapy in T2DM patients with poor glycemic control on metformin alone.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Middle Aged | 2011 |
A case of lactic acidosis (LA) after administration of tenofovir and metformin in a diabetic patient with recently diagnosed HIV infection.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adenine; Anti-HIV Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; HIV Infections; Humans; Hypog | 2011 |
Cancer mortality reduction and metformin: a retrospective cohort study in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow- | 2012 |
Impact of insulin-sensitizing agents on risk for liver cancer and liver-related death in diabetic patients with compensated hepatitis C cirrhosis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Metformin | 2011 |
Glycated hemoglobin as a prognostic risk marker in nondiabetic patients after acute myocardial infarction: what now?
Topics: Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Follow-Up Studies; Forecasting; Glycated | 2011 |
Initiation of insulin among veterans with type 2 diabetes and sustained elevation of A1c.
Topics: Acarbose; Aged; Cohort Studies; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Electronic Health Records; F | 2012 |
Adherence to hypoglycaemic medication among people with type 2 diabetes in primary care.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2012 |
GLUT2 accumulation in enterocyte apical and intracellular membranes: a study in morbidly obese human subjects and ob/ob and high fat-fed mice.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Cell Membrane; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fats; Enter | 2011 |
Incretin-based therapy and the quest for sustained improvements in β-cell health.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin-Secreting Cells; | 2011 |
Combination of TS-021 with metformin improves hyperglycemia and synergistically increases pancreatic β-cell mass in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Benzenesulfonates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Drug Synergism; Gluca | 2011 |
Cost-utility analysis of liraglutide compared with sulphonylurea or sitagliptin, all as add-on to metformin monotherapy in Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body Mass Index; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitu | 2012 |
Cost-utility analysis of liraglutide compared with sulphonylurea or sitagliptin, all as add-on to metformin monotherapy in Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body Mass Index; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitu | 2012 |
Cost-utility analysis of liraglutide compared with sulphonylurea or sitagliptin, all as add-on to metformin monotherapy in Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body Mass Index; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitu | 2012 |
Cost-utility analysis of liraglutide compared with sulphonylurea or sitagliptin, all as add-on to metformin monotherapy in Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body Mass Index; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitu | 2012 |
Chronic pretreatment of metformin is associated with the reduction of the no-reflow phenomenon in patients with diabetes mellitus after primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction.
Topics: Aged; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Coronary Circulation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Human | 2013 |
Discontinuation of statins among patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hydroxymeth | 2012 |
Linking biological activity with herbal constituents by systems biology-based approaches: effects of Panax ginseng in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Chromatography, Liquid; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lipo | 2011 |
Chromatin occupancy of transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) and its role in hepatic glucose metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Cell Line; Chromatin; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2011 |
Intensifying type 2 diabetes therapy: assessing the options. Introduction.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Family Practice; Humans; Hypogl | 2011 |
Options for intensifying diabetes treatment.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Health Status | 2011 |
Sulfonylureas or dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-4) inhibitors in the management of type 2 diabetes: debate is not yet closed.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Humans; Metformin; Sulfonylurea Compo | 2011 |
Metformin after bariatric surgery--an acid problem.
Topics: Acids; Adult; Bariatric Surgery; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administ | 2012 |
ENPP1 mRNA levels in white blood cells and prediction of metformin efficacy in type 2 diabetic patients: a preliminary evidence.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Leukocytes; Male; Metformin; Middle Aged; Ph | 2012 |
Serine racemase rs391300 G/A polymorphism influences the therapeutic efficacy of metformin in Chinese patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asian People; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genetic Associat | 2011 |
Retrospective chart review of children with type 2 diabetes mellitus evaluating the efficacy of metformin vs. insulin vs. combination insulin/metformin.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Body Mass Index; Child; Child, Preschool; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy | 2011 |
Metformin and colorectal cancer risk in diabetic patients.
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2011 |
A common 5'-UTR variant in MATE2-K is associated with poor response to metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alleles; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genetic Variation; Glycated Hemogl | 2011 |
The nephrologist's role in metformin-induced lactic acidosis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibi | 2011 |
Metformin-induced lactic acidosis: usefulness of measuring levels and therapy with high-flux haemodialysis.
Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Acidosis, Lactic; Aged, 80 and over; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2011 |
HbA(1c) targets for type 2 diabetes: how many, …how far!
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedul | 2012 |
Mechanisms underlying metformin-induced secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 from the intestinal L cell.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV | 2011 |
Effects of pioglitazone add-on to gliclazide and metformin on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gliclazide | 2012 |
Metabolic syndrome and mental illness. Weight gain and other unhealthy attributes increase risk of diabetes and heart disease.
Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2011 |
[Reactive-dystrophic processes in salivary glands (sialoadenoses) running on the background of metabolic syndrome].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Toler | 2011 |
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis in Chinese patients with type II diabetes.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amylases; Asian People; China; Creatinine; Diabete | 2011 |
Fixed dose combination diabetes medicines - usage in the Australian veteran population.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Australia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Drug Prescriptions | 2011 |
[Rare cause of insufficient metabolic control of diabetes mellitus - Case 10/2011].
Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenalectomy; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Cushing Syndrome; Diabetes Mell | 2011 |
Metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes have normal mitochondrial complex I respiration.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Case-Control Studies; Cell Respiration; Citrate (si)-Synthase; Diabe | 2012 |
[Vitamin B12 deficiency in diabetic patients taking metformin].
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Middle Aged; | 2012 |
Controlling release of metformin HCl through incorporation into stomach specific floating alginate beads.
Topics: Alginates; Animals; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellit | 2011 |
Changes in labelling for metformin use in patients with type 2 diabetes and heart failure: documented safety outweighs theoretical risks.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Labeling; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Heart Fai | 2011 |
The impact of initiating biphasic human insulin 30 therapy in type 2 diabetes patients after failure of oral antidiabetes drugs.
Topics: Aged; Biphasic Insulins; Blood Glucose; China; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fem | 2012 |
Can a protocol for glycaemic control improve type 2 diabetes outcomes after gastric bypass?
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Clinical Protocols; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mel | 2012 |
The safety, efficacy and predictors for HbA1c reduction of sitagliptin in the treatment of Japanese type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Female; Glyc | 2012 |
The cost-effectiveness of saxagliptin versus NPH insulin when used in combination with other oral antidiabetes agents in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Poland.
Topics: Adamantane; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV In | 2012 |
Reversible severe deterioration of glycaemic control after withdrawal of metformin treatment.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Contraindications; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug | 2012 |
Altered redox homeostasis in human diabetes saliva.
Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Age Factors; Biomarkers; Deoxyguanosine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Dia | 2012 |
Longitudinal change in HbA1c after insulin initiation in primary care patients with type 2 diabetes: a database analysis in UK and Germany.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Comorbidity; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; | 2012 |
Lower risk of cancer in patients on metformin in comparison with those on sulfonylurea derivatives: results from a large population-based follow-up study.
Topics: Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metfo | 2012 |
Progression to insulin for patients with diabetes mellitus using the Texas Medicaid database.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Databases as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Drug Th | 2011 |
Metformin differentially activates ER stress signaling pathways without inducing apoptosis.
Topics: Activating Transcription Factor 4; Animals; Apoptosis; Cardiotonic Agents; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes | 2012 |
Pregnancy management of women with pregestational diabetes.
Topics: Congenital Abnormalities; Counseling; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Me | 2011 |
Metformin and thiazolidinediones are associated with improved breast cancer-specific survival of diabetic women with HER2+ breast cancer.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Breast Neoplasms; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; F | 2012 |
[Relationship between the degree of glycemic control and diabetes characteristics and hyperglycemia treatment in type 2 diabetes. DIABES Study].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Dr | 2012 |
Metformin and heart failure: never say never again.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2012 |
Spontaneous platelet aggregation evaluated by laser light scatter in patients with type 2 diabetes: effects of short-term improved glycemic control and adiponectin.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Blood Platelets; C-Reactive Protein; Case | 2012 |
Serum level of soluble CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) predicts the response to sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes controlled inadequately by metformin and/or sulfonylurea.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhi | 2012 |
Cost and clinical implications of diabetes prevention in an Australian setting: a long-term modeling analysis.
Topics: Aged; Australia; Cost Savings; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression | 2012 |
Diabetes and pancreatic cancer.
Topics: Adipokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Early Detection of Cancer; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insul | 2012 |
The increased dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity is not counteracted by optimized glucose control in type 2 diabetes, but is lower in metformin-treated patients.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidyl-Peptid | 2012 |
Use of metformin is not associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer: a case-control analysis.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypogly | 2012 |
Relationship of type II diabetes and metformin use to ovarian cancer progression, survival, and chemosensitivity.
Topics: Aged; Chicago; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease-Free Survival; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2012 |
Postmarketing pharmacovigilance of adverse drug reactions: the case of rosiglitazone in Mexico.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Edema; Female; Foll | 2012 |
Insulin glargine and risk of cancer: a cohort study in the French National Healthcare Insurance Database.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2012 |
Cancer research. Cancer prevention with a diabetes pill?
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Anticarcinogenic Agent | 2012 |
Economic evaluation of outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus assisted by a pharmaceutical care service.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Family Practice; Female; Glyburide; Health Ca | 2011 |
Fixed-dose combination antidiabetic therapy: real-world factors associated with prescribing choices and relationship with patient satisfaction and compliance.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Combinations; Female; Glyc | 2012 |
Pigment epithelium-derived factor increases in type 2 diabetes after treatment with metformin.
Topics: Adult; Body Fat Distribution; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Eye Proteins; Female; Glyca | 2012 |
The risk of overall mortality in patients with Type 2 diabetes receiving different combinations of sulfonylureas and metformin: a retrospective analysis.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glipizide; Glyburide; Humans; Hy | 2012 |
Comparative effectiveness of incident oral antidiabetic drugs on kidney function.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Femal | 2012 |
Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in Peruvian patients with type 2 diabetes: results of a hospital-based retinal telescreening program.
Topics: Aged; Blindness; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic Retinopathy | 2011 |
Metformin reduces endogenous reactive oxygen species and associated DNA damage.
Topics: Adenylate Kinase; Animals; Cell Line; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA Damage; Enzyme-Linked Immunosor | 2012 |
Mortality after incident cancer in people with and without type 2 diabetes: impact of metformin on survival.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2012 |
Sitagliptin promotes macrophage-to-faeces reverse cholesterol transport through reduced intestinal cholesterol absorption in obese insulin resistant CETP-apoB100 transgenic mice.
Topics: Animals; Apolipoprotein B-100; Biological Transport; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Cholest | 2012 |
Population pharmacokinetics of metformin in obese and non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2012 |
Anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperlipidemic effect of Semecarpus anacardium in a high fat diet: STZ-induced type 2 diabetic rat model.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mel | 2013 |
Cost effectiveness of saxagliptin and metformin versus sulfonylurea and metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Germany: a Cardiff diabetes model analysis.
Topics: Adamantane; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptides; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV In | 2012 |
Variation in CDKAL1 gene is associated with therapeutic response to sulphonylureas.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genetic Variation | 2012 |
Persistence of initial oral antidiabetic treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Sulfonylure | 2012 |
Highlights from the latest articles in diabetes pharmacogenomics.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; | 2012 |
Oral pharmacologic treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Age Factors; Cause of Death; Comparative Effectiveness Research; Diabetes Comp | 2012 |
Oral pharmacologic treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Age Factors; Cause of Death; Comparative Effectiveness Research; Diabetes Comp | 2012 |
Oral pharmacologic treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Age Factors; Cause of Death; Comparative Effectiveness Research; Diabetes Comp | 2012 |
Oral pharmacologic treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Age Factors; Cause of Death; Comparative Effectiveness Research; Diabetes Comp | 2012 |
Summaries for patients: Oral drug treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Age Factors; Cause of Death; Comparative Effectiveness Research; Diabetes Comp | 2012 |
Patterns of medication initiation in newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus: quality and cost implications.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; alpha-Glucosidases; Diabetes Melli | 2012 |
Metformin-induced hepatotoxicity.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liver; Male; Metformin; Middle Aged | 2012 |
Glucose-lowering treatment and clinical results in 163 121 patients with type 2 diabetes: an observational study from the Swedish national diabetes register.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus | 2012 |
Low hemoglobin A(1c)--good diabetic control?
Topics: Anemia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Erythropoietin; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hepatitis C; Humans; | 2012 |
Menopausal obesity and metabolic syndrome - PolSenior study.
Topics: Age of Onset; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anthropometry; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Diabe | 2012 |
Relation between diabetes, metformin treatment and the occurrence of malignancies in a Belgian primary care setting.
Topics: Belgium; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life | 2012 |
Reply to: Ahren B et al. Mechanisms of action of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin in humans. Diabetes Obes Metab 2011; 13(9): 775-783 and Ahren B et al. Clinical evidence and mechanistic basis for vildagliptin's action when added to metfo
Topics: Adamantane; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; G | 2012 |
The work-up for mixed hyperlipidemia: a case study.
Topics: Adult; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Electrophoresis; Fenofibrate; Fluor | 2012 |
The role of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Female; Glycated Hemog | 2012 |
Survival advantage observed with the use of metformin in patients with type II diabetes and colorectal cancer.
Topics: Aged; Antineoplastic Agents; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypogl | 2012 |
Metformin attenuates Alzheimer's disease-like neuropathology in obese, leptin-resistant mice.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Conditioning, Psychological; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2012 |
Hypoglycemic effect and mechanism of a proteoglycan from ganoderma lucidum on streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Blotting, Western; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2012 |
Better care for PCOS. Studying women's genes to find out what works.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Resistance; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Polycyst | 2012 |
Steps toward the meaningful translation of prevention strategies for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Intention to Treat Analysis; Male; Metformin; Prediabetic | 2012 |
The 10-year cost-effectiveness of lifestyle intervention or metformin for diabetes prevention: an intent-to-treat analysis of the DPP/DPPOS.
Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-U | 2012 |
The 10-year cost-effectiveness of lifestyle intervention or metformin for diabetes prevention: an intent-to-treat analysis of the DPP/DPPOS.
Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-U | 2012 |
The 10-year cost-effectiveness of lifestyle intervention or metformin for diabetes prevention: an intent-to-treat analysis of the DPP/DPPOS.
Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-U | 2012 |
The 10-year cost-effectiveness of lifestyle intervention or metformin for diabetes prevention: an intent-to-treat analysis of the DPP/DPPOS.
Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-U | 2012 |
The 10-year cost-effectiveness of lifestyle intervention or metformin for diabetes prevention: an intent-to-treat analysis of the DPP/DPPOS.
Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-U | 2012 |
The 10-year cost-effectiveness of lifestyle intervention or metformin for diabetes prevention: an intent-to-treat analysis of the DPP/DPPOS.
Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-U | 2012 |
The 10-year cost-effectiveness of lifestyle intervention or metformin for diabetes prevention: an intent-to-treat analysis of the DPP/DPPOS.
Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-U | 2012 |
The 10-year cost-effectiveness of lifestyle intervention or metformin for diabetes prevention: an intent-to-treat analysis of the DPP/DPPOS.
Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-U | 2012 |
The 10-year cost-effectiveness of lifestyle intervention or metformin for diabetes prevention: an intent-to-treat analysis of the DPP/DPPOS.
Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-U | 2012 |
The 10-year cost-effectiveness of lifestyle intervention or metformin for diabetes prevention: an intent-to-treat analysis of the DPP/DPPOS.
Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-U | 2012 |
The 10-year cost-effectiveness of lifestyle intervention or metformin for diabetes prevention: an intent-to-treat analysis of the DPP/DPPOS.
Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-U | 2012 |
The 10-year cost-effectiveness of lifestyle intervention or metformin for diabetes prevention: an intent-to-treat analysis of the DPP/DPPOS.
Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-U | 2012 |
The 10-year cost-effectiveness of lifestyle intervention or metformin for diabetes prevention: an intent-to-treat analysis of the DPP/DPPOS.
Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-U | 2012 |
The 10-year cost-effectiveness of lifestyle intervention or metformin for diabetes prevention: an intent-to-treat analysis of the DPP/DPPOS.
Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-U | 2012 |
The 10-year cost-effectiveness of lifestyle intervention or metformin for diabetes prevention: an intent-to-treat analysis of the DPP/DPPOS.
Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-U | 2012 |
The 10-year cost-effectiveness of lifestyle intervention or metformin for diabetes prevention: an intent-to-treat analysis of the DPP/DPPOS.
Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-U | 2012 |
The diabetologist/cardiologist debate: a meeting of the minds.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; G | 2012 |
Effectiveness of metformin and lifestyle interventions as an initial treatment in Japanese patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a prospective observational study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asian People; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Health Prom | 2012 |
The role of ATM in response to metformin treatment and activation of AMPK.
Topics: Animals; Cell Cycle Proteins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA-Binding Proteins; Humans; Metformin; Pr | 2012 |
The role of ATM in response to metformin treatment and activation of AMPK.
Topics: Animals; Cell Cycle Proteins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA-Binding Proteins; Humans; Metformin; Pr | 2012 |
The role of ATM in response to metformin treatment and activation of AMPK.
Topics: Animals; Cell Cycle Proteins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA-Binding Proteins; Humans; Metformin; Pr | 2012 |
Statin use as a moderator of metformin effect on risk for prostate cancer among type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Synergism; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA R | 2012 |
Worry vs. knowledge about treatment-associated hypoglycaemia and weight gain in type 2 diabetic patients on metformin and/or sulphonylurea.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Denmark; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Health Knowledge, | 2012 |
Effects of chronic treatment with metformin on dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity, glucagon-like peptide 1 and ghrelin in obese patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Area Under Curve; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Female; Ghrelin; Glucagon-Like | 2012 |
Increase in overall mortality risk in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving glipizide, glyburide or glimepiride monotherapy versus metformin: a retrospective analysis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glipizide; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; K | 2012 |
Biopharmaceutical evaluation of formulated metformin/rosiglitazone tablets.
Topics: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Excipients; Hardness; Humans; Metformin; Solub | 2010 |
The effect of metformin on mean platelet volume in dıabetıc patients.
Topics: Adult; Blood Platelets; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2013 |
Links among type 2 diabetes, cancer and metformin use: what have we learned?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Neoplasms; Pr | 2012 |
Metformin-inclusive sulfonylurea therapy reduces the risk of Parkinson's disease occurring with Type 2 diabetes in a Taiwanese population cohort.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; M | 2012 |
Use of thiazolidinedione and cancer risk in Type 2 diabetes: the Hong Kong diabetes registry.
Topics: Aged; Asian People; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Follow-Up S | 2012 |
An analysis of the relative risk for hypothyroidism in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Autoantibodies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Hypot | 2012 |
The gonadal hormone regulates the plasma lactate levels in type 2 diabetes treated with and without metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Estrogens; Fasting; Female; Glycated Hemoglob | 2012 |
The role of combination therapy in type 2 diabetes in the post-ACCORD era.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic Nephropathies; D | 2012 |
Report was overpositive about their benefits.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Female; Glycated Hemog | 2012 |
Prescribed with gusto despite "uncertain" benefits.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Female; Glycated Hemog | 2012 |
TODAY--a stark glimpse of tomorrow.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Rosiglitazone; Thia | 2012 |
Inappropriate metformin prescribing in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inappropriate Prescribing; Mal | 2012 |
Potential antidiabetic effect of the Semecarpus anacardium in a type 2 diabetic rat model.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Di | 2013 |
A primary care register for impaired glucose handling (IGH): impact on cardiometabolic profile.
Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Antihypertensive Agents; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Card | 2012 |
Cancer risk in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Acyl Coenzyme A; AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hy | 2012 |
The role of the nurse practitioner in the diagnosis and early management of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Management; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style; Metformin; N | 2012 |
Metformin therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Dr | 2012 |
Glycaemic control and cost analysis when changing from gliclazide co-administered with metformin to pre-combined glibenclamide-metformin tablets in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Costs and Cost Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female | 2012 |
Multiple cerebral infarctions related to famotidine-induced eosinophilia.
Topics: Acarbose; Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Anti-Ulc | 2012 |
Evaluation of guidelines on diabetes medication.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Thi | 2012 |
Evaluation of guidelines on diabetes medication.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Thi | 2012 |
Discrepancies among consensus documents, guidelines, clinical practice and the legal framework for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Carbamates; Consensus Development Conferences as Topic; Contraindications; D | 2012 |
[Medicines for type 2 diabetes: fine tuning rather than redesign].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Design; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin, Long-Acting; Metformin | 2012 |
Time to failure of oral therapy in children with type 2 diabetes: a single center retrospective chart review.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglob | 2012 |
[Metformin associated with lactic acidosis in treatment of type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Contraindications; Denmark; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fe | 2012 |
[Metformin-associated lactic acidosis can be treated with continuous renal replacement therapy].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hemofiltration; Humans; Hypo | 2012 |
[Treatment of metformin-associated lactate acidosis by haemodialysis].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metfor | 2012 |
Effect of metformin on hepatic glucose production in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Deuterium; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Monitoring; Drug Resistance; Drug Therapy, | 2012 |
Choosing a blood-glucose-lowering agent after metformin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Glargine; Insulin, Long-Acti | 2012 |
Relationship between serum thyrotropin concentrations and metformin therapy in euthyroid patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Goiter; Huma | 2013 |
The evaluation of risk factors associated with adverse drug reactions by metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Asian People | 2012 |
Inhibition of TNF-α improves the bladder dysfunction that is associated with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; Met | 2012 |
Lower risk of hypoglycemia with sitagliptin compared to glipizide when either is added to metformin therapy: a pre-specified analysis adjusting for the most recently measured HbA(1c) value.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Calibration; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Th | 2012 |
The influence of type 2 diabetes and glucose-lowering therapies on cancer risk in the Taiwanese.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Insulin; Male; Metformin; Middle Aged; Neopl | 2012 |
Diabetes: insulin plus metformin for T2DM--are there benefits?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2012 |
Association of genetic variation in the organic cation transporters OCT1, OCT2 and multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 transporter protein genes with the gastrointestinal side effects and lower BMI in metformin-treated type 2 diabetes patients.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gastrointestinal Tract; Ge | 2012 |
Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of metformin extended-release oral antidiabetic therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: an observational trial in Asia.
Topics: Asia; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; M | 2012 |
Gliptin versus a sulphonylurea as add-on to metformin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Linagliptin; Male; Metformin; Purine | 2012 |
Oral pharmacologic treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2012 |
Oral pharmacologic treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2012 |
Oral pharmacologic treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2012 |
[Fixed dose of combination of pioglitazone/metformin].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Humans; Metformin; Pioglitazone; Thiazolidinediones | 2012 |
[Biguanide].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2012 |
In type 2 diabetes patients, insulin glargine is associated with lower postprandial release of intact proinsulin compared with sulfonylurea treatment.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Pept | 2012 |
Controversy about the relative efficacy of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination; Europe; Gl | 2012 |
Metformin decreases hepatocellular carcinoma risk in a dose-dependent manner: population-based and in vitro studies.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Blotting, Western; Carcinoma, Hepatocel | 2013 |
[Metformin does not suppress the aromatase expression in breast cancer tissue of patients with concurrent type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Aged; Aromatase; Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, En | 2012 |
Metformin use is associated with a decreased incidence of colorectal adenomas in diabetic patients with previous colorectal cancer.
Topics: Adenoma; Adenomatous Polyps; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Colonoscopy; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diab | 2012 |
Risk identification and interventions to prevent type 2 diabetes in adults at high risk: summary of NICE guidance.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Decision Support Techniques; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2012 |
Metformin associated B12 deficiency.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hydroxocobalamin; Hypoglycemic Agents; Malabsorption Syndromes; M | 2012 |
Different antidiabetic regimens and the development of renal dysfunction in US Veterans with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Albuminuria; Creatinine; Demography; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2012 |
Considering metformin in cardiometabolic protection in psychosis.
Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agent | 2012 |
About the discrepancies between consensus documents, clinical practice guidelines, and legal regulations in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Consensus Development Conferences as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Disea | 2012 |
What comes after metformin for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Costs; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life | 2012 |
Long-term clinical and economic outcomes associated with liraglutide versus sitagliptin therapy when added to metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a CORE Diabetes Model analysis.
Topics: Computer Simulation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; | 2012 |
Soluble serum Klotho in diabetic nephropathy: relationship to VEGF-A.
Topics: Aged; Albuminuria; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic | 2012 |
Viewpoint: Central adjudication of myocardial infarction in outcome-driven clinical trials--common patterns in TRITON, RECORD, and PLATO?
Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Adenosine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Co | 2012 |
ADA/EASD position statement of the treatment of type 2 diabetes: Reply to Rodbard HW and Jellinger PS [letter], Scheen AJ [letter] and Ceriello A, Gallo M, Gentile S et al [letter].
Topics: Algorithms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2012 |
Treatment persistence, hypoglycaemia and clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and sulphonylureas: a primary care database analysis.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dr | 2013 |
[Basal insulin and GLP-1 agonist potentiate each other (interview by Dr. med Dirk Einecke)].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combin | 2012 |
Metformin and the thyroid: some questions still remain.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Thyrotropin | 2013 |
Pharmacogenomic association between a variant in SLC47A1 gene and therapeutic response to metformin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Alleles; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Female; G | 2013 |
Metformin may not reduce cardiovascular risk or all-cause mortality.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Humans; Metformin; Outcome Assessment, Health Care | 2013 |
The use of metformin and the incidence of lung cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2013 |
Diabetes: Add-on to metformin in T2DM--linagliptin or glimepiride?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Linaglip | 2012 |
HbA1C - overall glycemia marker and hemolytic anemia indicator.
Topics: Aged; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; G | 2012 |
Genetic modulation of lipid profiles following lifestyle modification or metformin treatment: the Diabetes Prevention Program.
Topics: Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dysli | 2012 |
The link between polycystic ovarian syndrome and type 2 diabetes: preventive and therapeutic approach in Israel.
Topics: Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hyperinsulinism; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insuli | 2012 |
Central anti-diabetic action of biguanide and thizolidinediones in D-glucose fed and streptozotocin-treated mouse models.
Topics: Animals; Biguanides; Blood Glucose; Brain; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2012 |
Glycemic control in youth with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Thiazolidinediones | 2012 |
Associations of type 2 diabetes and diabetes treatment with breast cancer risk and mortality: a population-based cohort study among British women.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Insulin; M | 2012 |
Metformin for schizophrenia: an editorial comment to Curtis J, Newall H, Shiers D, Samaras K. 'Considering metformin in cardiometabolic protection in psychosis'.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Psychoti | 2012 |
Vitamin B(12) in type 2 diabetic patients treated with metformin.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; | 2012 |
Controlling newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus with metformin managed pain symptoms in a patient affected with Dercum's disease.
Topics: Adiposis Dolorosa; Analgesics; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metform | 2012 |
Patterns of medication initiation in newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus: quality and cost implications.
Topics: Adult; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Costs; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Me | 2012 |
Cost-utility analysis of liraglutide versus glimepiride as add-on to metformin in type 2 diabetes patients in China.
Topics: China; Confidence Intervals; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combina | 2012 |
What's preventing us from preventing type 2 diabetes?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Approval; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insuranc | 2012 |
Effects of endurance exercise training, metformin, and their combination on adipose tissue leptin and IL-10 secretion in OLETF rats.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Interleukin-10; Lepti | 2012 |
Early, aggressive treatment is effective in treating diabetes. Risk of long-term complications reduced significantly.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Humans; Hypog | 2012 |
Response letter to D. Singh-franco et al.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Female; Humans; Hypogl | 2012 |
Renal podocyte injury in a rat model of type 2 diabetes is prevented by metformin.
Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Albuminuria; Animals; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Deoxyguanosine; Diabetes | 2012 |
Progression through diabetes therapies among new elderly users of metformin: a population-based study.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Canada; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Drug Ad | 2013 |
What next after metformin? A retrospective evaluation of the outcome of second-line, glucose-lowering therapies in people with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2012 |
Exenatide once weekly improved glycaemic control, cardiometabolic risk factors and a composite index of an HbA1c < 7%, without weight gain or hypoglycaemia, over 52 weeks.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Drug Admin | 2013 |
Upregulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins; Carrier Proteins; Cytos | 2013 |
[Pharmacogenetic features of the effect of metformin in patients with coronary heart disease in the presence of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus in terms of PPAR-gamma2 gene polymorphism].
Topics: Aged; Alleles; Body Weight; Case-Control Studies; Coronary Disease; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2012 |
[Continuous glucose monitoring in glimipiride plus metformin treated type 2 diabetic patients during the month of Ramadan].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fasting; Female; Humans; Hypogl | 2012 |
Gemfibrozil and its combination with metformin on pleiotropic effect on IL-10 and adiponectin and anti-atherogenic treatment in insulin resistant type 2 diabetes mellitus rats.
Topics: Adiponectin; Animals; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug | 2013 |
Evaluation of vitamin B12 monitoring in a veteran population on long-term, high-dose metformin therapy.
Topics: Anemia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Neuropathies; Drug Monitoring; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2012 |
Comparative effectiveness of sulfonylurea and metformin monotherapy on cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cohort study.
Topics: Aged; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agent | 2012 |
Summaries for patients. How do older diabetes drugs compare in their effects on heart and blood vessel disease?
Topics: Aged; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agent | 2012 |
Metformin-induced pseudoporphyria.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Po | 2012 |
Initial metformin or sulphonylurea exposure and cancer occurrence among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Benzamides; Breast Neoplasms; Cohort Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms; | 2013 |
Monitoring of metformin-induced lactic acidosis in a diabetic patient with acute kidney failure and effect of hemodialysis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2013 |
[New diabetes guidelines in the EU and USA. Rigid HbA1c specifications are history!].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Europe; Evidence-Based Medicine; Glycated Hemo | 2012 |
[Metformin in type 2 diabetes: what if we get it wrong?].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Randomized Controlled Trials as T | 2013 |
Antidiabetics in chronic kidney disease: new questions to new and classical drugs.
Topics: Consensus Development Conferences as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Disea | 2012 |
Discrepancies between the summary of characteristics and the recommended use of metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Topics: Consensus Development Conferences as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Disea | 2012 |
Recent safety updates on type 2 diabetes medications: a case report and the evidence for choosing among several available drugs for this patient.
Topics: Aged; Decision Making; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Interacti | 2012 |
Increased risk of affective disorders in type 2 diabetes is minimized by sulfonylurea and metformin combination: a population-based cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Comorbidity; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellit | 2012 |
Targeting the association of calgranulin B (S100A9) with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Alleles; Animals; Calgranulin B; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Disea | 2013 |
Sargassum polycystum reduces hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress via increasing insulin sensitivity in a rat model of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; Di | 2013 |
Use of oral antidiabetic drugs (metformin and pioglitazone) in diabetic patients with breast cancer: how does it effect serum Hif-1 alpha and 8Ohdg levels?
Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Breast Neoplasms; Case-Control Stu | 2012 |
[Vitamin B(12) deficiency in type 2 diabetics treated with metformin].
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; | 2013 |
Metformin and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: are statins the missing link?
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liver Neo | 2013 |
Comment on: Harrison et al. β-cell function preservation after 3.5 years of intensive diabetes therapy. Diabetes Care 2012;35:1406-1412.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Ma | 2013 |
Response to Comment on: Harrison et al. β-cell function preservation after 3.5 years of intensive diabetes therapy. Diabetes Care 2012;35:1406-1412.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Ma | 2013 |
The effect of novel promoter variants in MATE1 and MATE2 on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metformin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Genotype; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Kidney; Male; Metformin; O | 2013 |
Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a significant risk factor for bladder cancer in diabetic patients: a population-based cohort study using the National Health Insurance in Taiwan.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Chi-Square Distribution; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypog | 2013 |
Biguanides suppress hepatic glucagon signalling by decreasing production of cyclic AMP.
Topics: Adenylyl Cyclases; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Biguanides; Cells, Cultured; Cyclic AMP; | 2013 |
Lactic acidosis in patients with diabetes.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholism; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 2013 |
Diabetes medication use and blood lactate level among participants with type 2 diabetes: the atherosclerosis risk in communities carotid MRI study.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Atherosclerosis; Blood Glucose; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Di | 2012 |
Preregistration of study design and non-inferiority margin - Authors' reply.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Purines; Quinazolin | 2013 |
Preregistration of study design and non-inferiority margin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Purines; Quinazolin | 2013 |
Patterns of use of insulin-sensitizing agents among diabetic, borderline diabetic and non-diabetic women in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body Mass Index; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Melli | 2013 |
High levels of leptin are associated with poor self-rated health in men and women with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diagnostic Self Evaluation; Female; Humans; | 2013 |
Nateglinide in combination with metformin in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a post-marketing surveillance study.
Topics: Aged; Body Weight; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Mal | 2013 |
Metformin for patients with diabetes and concomitant renal restrictions--is there an evidence base?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Renal In | 2013 |
Associations of HbA1c and educational level with risk of cardiovascular events in 32,871 drug-treated patients with Type 2 diabetes: a cohort study in primary care.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic An | 2013 |
Authors' response: Metformin and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma--a study focused on anti-diabetic agents.
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liver Neo | 2013 |
Mortality and other important diabetes-related outcomes with insulin vs other antihyperglycemic therapies in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans | 2013 |
Lactic acidosis in medical ICU - the role of diabetes mellitus and metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Critical Care; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hospi | 2012 |
Insulin signaling in type 2 diabetes: experimental and modeling analyses reveal mechanisms of insulin resistance in human adipocytes.
Topics: Adipocytes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose; Glucose Transporter Type 4; Humans; Insulin; | 2013 |
[Simple corrections in therapy of type 2 diabetes. Lowering HbA1c below 7%].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2002 |
[Dangerous postprandial glucose peaks. Risk for heart and blood vessels].
Topics: Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; H | 2002 |
[Blood glucose control with high dosage metformin. So that sweet hearts beat longer].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response | 2002 |
[Pitfalls and precautions concerning the use of conventional oral antidiabetic drugs].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Administration, Oral; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypog | 2002 |
On combination therapy of diabetes with metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucagon; Glucagon-Lik | 2002 |
Adherence to oral hypoglycaemic agents prior to insulin therapy in Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hyp | 2002 |
Rebuttal to Deacon and Holst: "Metformin effects on dipeptidyl peptidase IV degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1" versus "Dipeptidyl peptidase inhibition as an approach to the treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes: a historical perspective".
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; Glucagon | 2002 |
[Metformin-associated lactic acidosis with acute renal failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Resp | 2002 |
[Metformin-associated lactic acidosis with acute renal failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus]].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Resp | 2002 |
Inappropriate prescription for metformin.
Topics: Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Health Services Misuse; Heart Failure; Humans; Hyperte | 2002 |
Inappropriate prescription for metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Health Services Misuse; Heart Failur | 2002 |
Modest lifestyle changes significantly reduce the risk of diabetes, study finds.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Disease Management; Ethnicity; Exercise; Female; Human | 2001 |
Seeking sweet relief for diabetes.
Topics: Behavior Control; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Exe | 2002 |
Metformin: evidence-based versus rational pharmacotherapy.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insu | 2002 |
Durability of efficacy and long-term safety profile of glyburide/metformin tablets in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: an open-label extension study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therap | 2002 |
Lipid effects of glyburide/metformin tablets in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with poor glycemic control and dyslipidemia in an open-label extension study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2002 |
[Insulin resistance and its involvement in multiple risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Adult; Albuminuria; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Europe; Female; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Hyperli | 2002 |
Effects of metformin on bile salt transport by monolayers of human intestinal Caco-2 cells.
Topics: Bile Acids and Salts; Biological Transport; Caco-2 Cells; Colon; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; | 2002 |
Therapeutic approach in insulin resistance with acanthosis nigricans.
Topics: Acanthosis Nigricans; Adolescent; Adult; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Complications; Diabe | 2002 |
Transfer of metformin into human milk.
Topics: Adult; Body Weight; Breast Feeding; Child, Preschool; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diabetes | 2002 |
[In high risk for diabetes should drugs be used for prevention? (interview by Dr. Judith Neumaier)].
Topics: Acarbose; Adult; Aged; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Family | 2002 |
[Metformin and anesthesia].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Anesthesia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2002 |
Decreased mortality associated with the use of metformin compared with sulfonylurea monotherapy in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Cause of Death; Cohort Studies; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, C | 2002 |
Health and economic effects of adding nateglinide to metformin to achieve dual control of glycosylated hemoglobin and postprandial glucose levels in a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Cohort Studies; Costs and Cost Analysis; Cyclohexanes | 2002 |
Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone: new preparations. Two new oral antidiabetics both poorly assessed.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Approval; Drug Evalu | 2002 |
[Medications for type-2 diabetes and high blood pressure].
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Diuretics; Erectile Dysfun | 2002 |
[News on diabetes and public health perspectives].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitu | 2002 |
Metaglip and Avandamet for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administ | 2002 |
Lactic acidemia associated with metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; L | 2003 |
Contraindications to the use of metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metform | 2003 |
Effect of thiazolidinediones and metformin on LDL oxidation and aortic endothelium relaxation in diabetic GK rats.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Arteriosclerosis; Cholesterol, LDL; Chromans; Diabetes Mell | 2003 |
[Does a reduced kidney function (creatinine clearance 10-15 ml/min), without acidosis, increase the risk for the rise of lactic acidosis caused by metformin?].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Diabetic Neph | 2002 |
[Does the vitamin B12 deficiency caused by metformin disappear again after stopping this drug?].
Topics: Calcium, Dietary; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; | 2002 |
Increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Thai children and adolescents associated with increasing prevalence of obesity.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; H | 2003 |
Treatment of type 2 diabetes: inadequate assessment of oral antidiabetic combinations.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glyburide; Glycated | 2003 |
Measurement of metformin concentration in erythrocytes: clinical implications.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Erythrocytes; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2003 |
[Current methods of glucose metabolism control in diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus | 2003 |
Slow response to loss of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Management; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2003 |
Triple oral anti-diabetic therapy in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hy | 2003 |
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis in a patient with liver disease.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatal Outcome; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Live | 2003 |
[Therapy decision based on the glucose triad. Drug treatment of type 2 diabetes].
Topics: 1-Deoxynojirimycin; Acarbose; Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug T | 2003 |
Contraindications to use of metformin. Age and creatinine clearance need to be taken into consideration.
Topics: Age Factors; Biomarkers; Contraindications; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2003 |
Type 2 diabetes presenting as diabetic ketoacidosis in adolescence.
Topics: Acanthosis Nigricans; Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2003 |
Management of hyperglycaemia in the patient with acute myocardial infarction.
Topics: Aspirin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformin; | 2003 |
The development of an oral antidiabetic combination tablet: design, evaluation and clinical benefits for patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Combinations; Gl | 2003 |
Urinary PC-1 and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin, gliclazide or glibenclamide.
Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fem | 2003 |
Long-term efficacy of steady-dose metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective study.
Topics: Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans | 2003 |
[Metformin-associated lactic acidosis precipitated by acute renal failure].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Blood Gas Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; | 2003 |
[Metformin-associated lactic acidosis remains a serious complication of metformin therapy].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2003 |
Effects of metformin and rosiglitazone monotherapy on insulin-mediated hepatic glucose uptake and their relation to visceral fat in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Biological Transport; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Noneste | 2003 |
[Type 2 diabetes -- higher doses of metformin improve metabolic control].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hyp | 2003 |
Economic model of first-line drug strategies to achieve recommended glycaemic control in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Carbamates; Cohort Studies; Decision Trees; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Direct Service Costs; Drug Co | 2003 |
Incidence and treatment of metabolic syndrome in newly referred women with confirmed polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Constitution; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2003 |
[Aggressive and early combined drug therapy. Antidiabetics for prevention of myocardial infarct].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2003 |
Clinical pharmacology physiology conference: metformin and lactic acidosis (LA).
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; M | 2002 |
A comparison of costs for four oral antidiabetic regimens within a managed care population.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; California; Carbamates; Cohort Studies; Data Interpre | 2003 |
Neuropsychological correlates of suboptimal adherence to metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Appointments and Schedules; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemo | 2003 |
Presentation and 5-year follow-up of type 2 diabetes mellitus in African-American and Caribbean-Hispanic adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Black or African American; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Caribbean Region; Child; Diab | 2003 |
Management of the overweight patient with Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Anti-Obesity Agents; Cyclobutanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hum | 2003 |
Lipoprotein risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with oral antihyperglycaemic agents.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathie | 2003 |
Preventing, delaying, or masking type 2 diabetes with metformin in the diabetes prevention program?
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Reprodu | 2003 |
[Stroke is not equal to stroke. Keep track of the causes].
Topics: Adult; Antihypertensive Agents; Aspirin; Carotid Artery, Common; Carotid Artery, External; Carotid S | 2003 |
Heart failure: treatment and ethnic origin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Ethnicity; Heart Failure; Humans; Hy | 2003 |
Metformin: drug of choice for the prevention of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications in high-risk subjects.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Risk Fac | 2003 |
[Fasting hyperglycemia and postprandial glucose peaks. Diabetes therapy mustact on 2 sides].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fasting; Humans; | 2003 |
Nitric oxide generation mediated by beta-adrenoceptors is impaired in platelets from patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Blood Glucose; Blood Platelets; Cholesterol; Cyclic GMP; D | 2003 |
Inadequacy of therapeutic education: a risk factor of hypoglycaemia.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agent | 2003 |
A case of megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency precipitated in a totally gastrectomized type II diabetic patient following the introduction of metformin therapy.
Topics: Aged; Anemia, Megaloblastic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gastrectomy; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 2003 |
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis and acute renal failure in a type 2 diabetic patient.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2003 |
Greater reductions in A1C in type 2 diabetic patients new to therapy with glyburide/metformin tablets as compared to glyburide co-administered with metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glybur | 2003 |
Comparison of repaglinide and nateglinide in combination with metformin: response to Raskin et al.
Topics: Carbamates; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; | 2003 |
[Metformin and lactic acidosis--fact or fiction? A review of current data].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Clinical Trials as Topic; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hy | 2003 |
Metformin and serious adverse effects.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Aged; Australia; Creatinine; Diabetes Mel | 2004 |
[Physical activity in hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes. Effective but still underutilized].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Female | 2003 |
Mild cobalamin deficiency associated with long-term metformin intake--reply.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metfo | 2004 |
Prevention of weight gain in type 2 diabetes requiring insulin treatment.
Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Com | 2004 |
The continuing legacy of the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Randomized Controlled Trials as T | 2004 |
Effects of short term metformin administration on androgens in diabetic men.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Androgens; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2004 |
[Blood sugar inspite of maximal metformin dosage. New fixed combination forces HbA1c down].
Topics: Body Mass Index; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Drug Therap | 2003 |
[Lactic acidosis and acute abdomen from biguanide intoxication].
Topics: Abdomen, Acute; Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hemo | 2004 |
Impact of adjunctive thiazolidinedione therapy on blood lipid levels and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anticholesteremic Agents; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combi | 2004 |
Optimal glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus: fasting and postprandial glucose in context.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus | 2004 |
Intensive lifestyle changes or metformin in patients with impaired glucose tolerance: modeling the long-term health economic implications of the diabetes prevention program in Australia, France, Germany, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.
Topics: Adult; Australia; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Europe; Exercise; Humans; | 2004 |
Increased adipose tissue expression of Grb14 in several models of insulin resistance.
Topics: 3T3 Cells; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Adipocytes; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Carrier Protei | 2004 |
Metformin induced acute pancreatitis precipitated by renal failure.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Disease; Acute Kidney Injury; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Anti | 2004 |
Glibenclamide-induced acute haemolytic anaemia revealing a G6PD-deficiency.
Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Black People; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Sched | 2004 |
Metformin attenuates progression of carotid arterial wall thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Carotid Arteries; Carotid Artery Diseases; Chronic Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2004 |
Experiences of a poison center with metformin-associated lactic acidosis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Middle | 2004 |
Survival after myocardial infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin | 2004 |
Understanding the rising incidence of type 2 diabetes in adolescence.
Topics: Adolescent; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2004 |
[Diabetes update: preventing type 2 diabetes. Individualized stepwise therapy (oral antidiabetic agents). Multifactorial intervention].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Drug | 2004 |
[Long-term HbA1c stable. Insulin sensitizer keeps diabetes in check].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Follow-Up Studies; Gliclazide; Glycated Hemogl | 2004 |
Twice-Daily NPH or mixture insulins versus triple therapy: apples versus oranges: response to Poulsen et al.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Aspart; Metformin; Ro | 2004 |
The combined effect of triple therapy with rosiglitazone, metformin, and insulin aspart in type 2 diabetic patients: response to Poulsen et al.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Aspart; | 2004 |
Erythema multiforme from metformin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Erythema Multiforme; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Middle | 2004 |
[Cost-effective analysis of preventive treatment on diabetes].
Topics: Acarbose; Attitude to Health; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Follow-Up Studies; G | 2004 |
Why hold the metformin?
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Age Factors; Aged; Contrast Media; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2004 |
[Primary prevention of diabetes mellitus type 2].
Topics: Acarbose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mell | 2004 |
Fatty acid composition of erythrocyte phospholipids is related to insulin levels, secretion and resistance in obese type 2 diabetics on Metformin.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Fats; Erythrocytes; Fatty A | 2004 |
Lipoatrophic diabetes in an elderly woman: clinical course and serum adipocytokine concentrations.
Topics: Adiponectin; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Lipoatrophic; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2004 |
Beneficial effects of triple drug combination of pioglitazone with glibenclamide and metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on insulin therapy.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glyburide; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans | 2003 |
[Lactic acidosis in diabetic patient treated with metformin].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Middle Ag | 2004 |
Outcomes of initiation of therapy with once-daily combination of a thiazolidinedione and a biguanide at an early stage of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Combinatio | 2004 |
Comparing the long-term cost-effectiveness of repaglinide plus metformin versus nateglinide plus metformin in type 2 diabetes patients with inadequate glycaemic control: an application of the CORE Diabetes Model in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Carbamates; Cohort Studies; Computer Simulation; Cost of Illness; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Cyclohexane | 2004 |
Metformin monitoring and change in serum creatinine levels in patients undergoing radiologic procedures involving administration of intravenous contrast media.
Topics: Aged; Contraindications; Contrast Media; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathi | 2004 |
[Prevention by life style intervention and medication. To run away from type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Acarbose; Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Tolera | 2004 |
Monitoring safety and effectiveness in patients receiving metformin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Monitoring; Drug Utilization Review; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; He | 2004 |
Transfer of metformin into human milk.
Topics: Adult; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2004 |
Do risk factors for lactic acidosis influence dosing of metformin?
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relations | 2004 |
[Therapy objectives and daily practice--to which extent are blood sugar target values accessible in daily practice?].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dru | 2004 |
Economic evaluation of therapeutic interventions to prevent Type 2 diabetes in Canada.
Topics: Acarbose; Canada; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Female; Glu | 2004 |
Glycemic control with metformin or insulin therapy in adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Dr | 2004 |
Effect of metformin on plasma homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folic acid: a cross-sectional study in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Folic Acid; Homocysteine; Humans; | 2004 |
Metformin in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2004 |
Pancreatic islets from type 2 diabetic patients have functional defects and increased apoptosis that are ameliorated by metformin.
Topics: Aged; Apoptosis; Cell Survival; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Islets of La | 2004 |
[2-year data of large clinical comparative studies. Type 2 diabetes: lasting metabolic control with pioglitazone].
Topics: Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug | 2004 |
Real world effectiveness of rosiglitazone added to maximal (tolerated) doses of metformin and a sulphonylurea agent: response to Roy et al.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypo | 2004 |
Effect of N-benzoyl-D-phenylalanine and metformin on carbohydrate metabolic enzymes in neonatal streptozotocin diabetic rats.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Diabetes Mellitus, E | 2005 |
Dysregulation of growth hormone in acquired generalized lipodystrophy.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administrati | 2004 |
Antidiabetic drugs and heart failure risk in patients with type 2 diabetes in the U.K. primary care setting.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Mass Index; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Fami | 2005 |
Determinants of subclinical diabetic heart disease.
Topics: Adult; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Complicati | 2005 |
Antidiabetic therapy and the risk of heart failure in type 2 diabetic patients: an independent effect or confounding by indication.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug The | 2005 |
Regarding the use of HOMA to aid drug selection.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pioglitazone; Thiazolidinediones | 2005 |
[Rosiglitazone-metformin fixed dose combination for treatment of type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2004 |
Insulin sensitizers: past, present and future.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Metformin; Thiazolidined | 2005 |
Improvement of glycaemic control with rebound following orlistat initiation and cessation associated with minimal weight change.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Guideline Adherence; Humans; Hydroxymethylgl | 2005 |
Which oral drug is right for your type 2 diabetes? New thinking on oral drug combinations that can provide better glycemic control.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Benzamides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Glycoside Hydrolase | 2005 |
Summaries for patients. The cost-effectiveness of strategies to prevent type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Computer Simulation; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; | 2005 |
The cost-effectiveness of lifestyle modification or metformin in preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with impaired glucose tolerance.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Computer Simulation; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; | 2005 |
The cost-effectiveness of lifestyle modification or metformin in preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with impaired glucose tolerance.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Computer Simulation; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; | 2005 |
The cost-effectiveness of lifestyle modification or metformin in preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with impaired glucose tolerance.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Computer Simulation; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; | 2005 |
The cost-effectiveness of lifestyle modification or metformin in preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with impaired glucose tolerance.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Computer Simulation; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; | 2005 |
The cost-effectiveness of lifestyle modification or metformin in preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with impaired glucose tolerance.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Computer Simulation; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; | 2005 |
The cost-effectiveness of lifestyle modification or metformin in preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with impaired glucose tolerance.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Computer Simulation; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; | 2005 |
The cost-effectiveness of lifestyle modification or metformin in preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with impaired glucose tolerance.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Computer Simulation; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; | 2005 |
The cost-effectiveness of lifestyle modification or metformin in preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with impaired glucose tolerance.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Computer Simulation; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; | 2005 |
The cost-effectiveness of lifestyle modification or metformin in preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with impaired glucose tolerance.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Computer Simulation; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; | 2005 |
Intensive care treatment of severe mixed metabolic acidosis.
Topics: Abdominal Abscess; Acidosis; Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Blo | 2005 |
[Nothing here follows protocol F. Elderly diabetic patients are not "DMP qualified"].
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Comorbidity; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Foot; Diabe | 2005 |
What mediates the benefits associated with dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibition?
Topics: Adenosine Deaminase; Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitors; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl | 2005 |
The effect of short-term glycemic regulation with gliclazide and metformin on postprandial lipemia.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Gliclazide; Homeostasis; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2005 |
Trends in the prevalence and management of diagnosed type 2 diabetes 1994-2001 in England and Wales.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Child; Child, Preschool | 2005 |
Reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with metformin use in subjects with Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2005 |
Reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with metformin use in subjects with Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2005 |
Reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with metformin use in subjects with Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2005 |
Reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with metformin use in subjects with Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2005 |
Renal status among patients using metformin in a primary care setting.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2005 |
[Cardiovascular risk to be considered. Proinsulin test for stage-adjusted therapy].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypo | 2005 |
Adherence to a fixed-dose combination of rosiglitazone maleate/metformin hydrochloride in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective database analysis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration S | 2004 |
Test and teach. Number Fifty-three. Diagnosis: Diabetes-related dyslipidaemia.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exanthema; Female; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Insulin; Metformin; Tr | 2004 |
Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity by oral metformin in Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Pepti | 2005 |
Patients with Type 2 diabetes treated with metformin: prevalence of contraindications and their correlation with discontinuation.
Topics: Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; | 2005 |
Metformin and reduced risk of cancer in diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Me | 2005 |
Metformin and reduced risk of cancer in diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Me | 2005 |
Metformin and reduced risk of cancer in diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Me | 2005 |
Metformin and reduced risk of cancer in diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Me | 2005 |
Metformin and reduced risk of cancer in diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Me | 2005 |
Metformin and reduced risk of cancer in diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Me | 2005 |
Metformin and reduced risk of cancer in diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Me | 2005 |
Metformin and reduced risk of cancer in diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Me | 2005 |
Metformin and reduced risk of cancer in diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Me | 2005 |
Metformin and reduced risk of cancer in diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Me | 2005 |
Metformin and reduced risk of cancer in diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Me | 2005 |
Metformin and reduced risk of cancer in diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Me | 2005 |
Metformin and reduced risk of cancer in diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Me | 2005 |
Metformin and reduced risk of cancer in diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Me | 2005 |
Metformin and reduced risk of cancer in diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Me | 2005 |
Metformin and reduced risk of cancer in diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Me | 2005 |
Glycemic control continues to deteriorate after sulfonylureas are added to metformin among patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycat | 2005 |
Diabetes in the new General Medical Services contract: targets and adherence to metformin therapy.
Topics: Contract Services; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Family Practice; Guideline Adherence; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2005 |
Effectiveness and side effects of thiazolidinediones for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans | 2005 |
Medicaid managed care: disparities in the use of thiazolidinediones compared with metformin.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Utilization Review; Female; Hu | 2005 |
[Use of oral lipid-lowering drugs in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metfo | 2005 |
Plasma homocysteine levels in patients with type 2 diabetes in a Mediterranean population: relation with nutritional and other factors.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alcohol Drinking; Animals; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Coffee; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2005 |
Effect of pioglitazone on metabolic syndrome risk factors: results of double-blind, multicenter, randomized clinical trials.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Huma | 2005 |
Effects of metformin on glucagon-like peptide-1 levels in obese patients with and without Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female; Glucagon; G | 2004 |
The management of type II diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Hypertension; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Th | 2005 |
Efficacy and safety of hypoglycemic drugs in children with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adolescent; Body Mass Index; Child; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gastrointestinal | 2005 |
Secondary failure rates associated with metformin and sulfonylurea therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Medical Records Systems | 2005 |
[What dosage of antidiabetics?].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformin | 2005 |
Drugs for diabetes.
Topics: Acarbose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metf | 2005 |
Felodipine-influenced gingival enlargement in an uncontrolled type 2 diabetic patient.
Topics: Alveolar Bone Loss; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anticholesteremic Agents; Calcium Channel Blockers; Denta | 2005 |
Exenatide.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2005 |
Summaries for patients. The outcomes and costs of diabetes prevention with a diet and exercise program or metformin: a computer model.
Topics: Adult; Computer Simulation; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2005 |
Clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness of strategies for managing people at high risk for diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Computer Simulation; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2005 |
Insulin initiation in Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metfo | 2005 |
Management of diabetes during Ramadan.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Fasting; Female; Gliclazide; Humans; | 2005 |
[Effects of glimepiride and metformin on free fatty acid in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistan | 2004 |
Effects of antidiabetic treatment with metformin and insulin on serum and adipose tissue adiponectin levels in db/db mice.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hypoglyc | 2005 |
[Type 2 diabetic patient with reduced beta-cell function. New substance class: incretin-mimetics].
Topics: Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide | 2005 |
Metformin's contraindications: needed for now.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2005 |
Acute myopathy in a type 2 diabetic patient on combination therapy with metformin, fenofibrate and rosiglitazone.
Topics: Aged; Creatine Kinase; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Electromyography; Fenofibrate; | 2005 |
[The rehabilitation of metformin].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hyp | 2005 |
Markedly improved glycemic control and enhanced insulin sensitivity in a patient with type 2 diabetes complicated by a suprasellar tumor treated with pioglitazone and metformin.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Central Nervous System Cysts; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2005 |
Fulminant lactic acidosis in two patients with Type 2 diabetes treated with metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatal Outcome; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agent | 2005 |
Effect of N-benzoyl-d-phenylalanine on lipid profile in liver of neonatal streptozotocin diabetic rats.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Dia | 2005 |
Rosiglitazone plus metformin is effective and well tolerated in clinical practice: results from large observational studies in people with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2005 |
Improved clinical outcomes associated with metformin in patients with diabetes and heart failure.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hear | 2005 |
Metformin and heart failure: innocent until proven guilty.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2005 |
[Metformin-associated lactic acidosis in a patient with pre-existing risk factors].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Contraindications; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2005 |
Thyrotropin suppression by metformin.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Drug Interactions; Female; Goiter; Graves D | 2006 |
Glumetza offers once-a-day dosing for type 2 diabetes patients.
Topics: Contraindications; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2005 |
Cancer protection.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme Activation; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2005 |
Contraindications can damage your health--is metformin a case in point?
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aging; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Diseases; Humans; Hypog | 2005 |
Insulin in type 2 diabetes: a useful alternative despite limited assessment based on surrogate endpoints.
Topics: Acarbose; Administration, Oral; Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gl | 2005 |
Lactic acidosis. Lactic acidosis associated with metformin use in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hum | 2005 |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus in youth: the complete picture to date.
Topics: Adolescent; Autoantibodies; Child; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Dyslipid | 2005 |
Oral agents in managing diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Carbamates; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2005 |
The kinase LKB1 mediates glucose homeostasis in liver and therapeutic effects of metformin.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme Activation; | 2005 |
The kinase LKB1 mediates glucose homeostasis in liver and therapeutic effects of metformin.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme Activation; | 2005 |
The kinase LKB1 mediates glucose homeostasis in liver and therapeutic effects of metformin.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme Activation; | 2005 |
The kinase LKB1 mediates glucose homeostasis in liver and therapeutic effects of metformin.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme Activation; | 2005 |
The kinase LKB1 mediates glucose homeostasis in liver and therapeutic effects of metformin.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme Activation; | 2005 |
The kinase LKB1 mediates glucose homeostasis in liver and therapeutic effects of metformin.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme Activation; | 2005 |
The kinase LKB1 mediates glucose homeostasis in liver and therapeutic effects of metformin.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme Activation; | 2005 |
The kinase LKB1 mediates glucose homeostasis in liver and therapeutic effects of metformin.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme Activation; | 2005 |
The kinase LKB1 mediates glucose homeostasis in liver and therapeutic effects of metformin.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme Activation; | 2005 |
Medicine. Cancer-suppressing enzyme adds a link to type 2 diabetes.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Genes, Tumor Suppr | 2005 |
Mitochondrial dysfunction as the cause of the failure to precondition the diabetic human myocardium.
Topics: Adenosine; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitu | 2006 |
Willingness to pay for inhaled insulin: a contingent valuation approach.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Adult; Canada; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes | 2005 |
Long-term glycaemic efficacy and weight changes associated with thiazolidinediones when added at an advanced stage of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination | 2006 |
Retrospective review of metformin in inpatients and outpatients at the University of Michigan.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hospitals, University; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Inpatients; Metformin | 2006 |
Metformin inhibits proinflammatory responses and nuclear factor-kappaB in human vascular wall cells.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Atherosclerosis; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2006 |
Description and preliminary evaluation of a Multiagent Intelligent Dosing System (MAIDS) to manage combination insulin-oral agent therapy in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Cohort Studies; Decision Making, Computer-Assisted; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2005 |
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis precipitated by acute renal failure.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; | 2006 |
Population pharmacokinetics of metformin in late pregnancy.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Drug Monitoring; Female; Fetal Blood; Half- | 2006 |
The effect of obesity on glycaemic response to metformin or sulphonylureas in Type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Femal | 2006 |
Low insulin-like growth factor-II levels predict weight gain in normal weight subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; | 2006 |
Increased cancer-related mortality for patients with type 2 diabetes who use sulfonylureas or insulin.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Fol | 2006 |
Pioglitazone/metformin (Actoplus met).
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2006 |
Combined renal replacement therapy for severe metformin-induced lactic acidosis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hemofiltration; H | 2006 |
[Metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes in overweighted or obese patients].
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; | 2005 |
Diabetes associated with atypical antipsychotic treatment may be severe but reversible: case report.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dibenzothiazepines; Female; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2005 |
Insulin sensitizing pharmacotherapy for prevention of myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dr | 2006 |
Metformin use and diabetic pregnancy-has its time come?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Fetus; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insuli | 2006 |
Pregnancy in women with Type 2 diabetes: who takes metformin and what is the outcome?
Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Chronic Disease; Delivery, Obstetric; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fet | 2006 |
Effect of pregnancy on the pharmacokinetics of metformin.
Topics: Adult; Area Under Curve; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Hy | 2006 |
Metformin-related vitamin B12 deficiency.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diarrhea; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metform | 2006 |
Comparison of lipid profiles and lipoprotein a levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus during oral hypoglycemic or insulin therapy.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Lipi | 2006 |
Possible metformin-induced hepatotoxicity.
Topics: Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2005 |
Stability of body weight in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Insulin; Male; Metform | 2006 |
Treatment escalation and rise in HbA1c following successful initial metformin therapy.
Topics: Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ma | 2006 |
Medication costs as a primary cause of nonadherence in the elderly.
Topics: Aged; Anticholesteremic Agents; Antihypertensive Agents; Atorvastatin; Coronary Disease; Costs and C | 2006 |
Risk of mortality and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a comparison of patients treated with sulfonylureas and metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Drug Therapy, Combina | 2006 |
Metformin and heart failure: innocent until proven guilty.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Glucose; Heart; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypogl | 2006 |
[Effects of metformin on endothelial dysfunction of the renal circulation resulting from acute hyperglycemia in non-diabetic rabbits].
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Dru | 2005 |
A mechanism-based disease progression model for comparison of long-term effects of pioglitazone, metformin and gliclazide on disease processes underlying Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Algorithms; Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 2006 |
To: Holstein A, Stumvoll M (2005) Contraindications can damage your health--is metformin a case in point? Diabetologia 48:2454-2459.
Topics: Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Risk Factors; | 2006 |
[From cancer to diabetes treatment : the tumor suppressor LKB1 as a new pharmacological target].
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Cyclic AMP Response El | 2006 |
Effects of metformin on the glycemic control, lipid profile, and arterial blood pressure of type 2 diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome already on insulin.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Ther | 2006 |
[Effect of fenofibrate and metformin on lipotoxicity in OLETF rat kidney].
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Fenofibrate; Kidney; Lipid Metabolism; M | 2006 |
Apparent resolution of type 2 diabetes mellitus after initiation of potent antiretroviral therapy in a man from Africa with HIV infection.
Topics: Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glyburi | 2006 |
Severe acidosis in patients taking metformin--rapid reversal and survival despite high APACHE score.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; APACHE; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; E | 2006 |
Diabetes with partial lipodystrophy following sclerodermatous chronic graft vs. host disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Graft vs Host Disease; H | 2006 |
Insulin secretion and sensitivity as determinants of HbA1c in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glyburide; Glycated Hemogl | 2006 |
Metformin and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2006 |
Preventing nephropathy induced by contrast medium.
Topics: Contraindications; Contrast Media; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; K | 2006 |
The case for combination therapy as first-line treatment for the type 2 diabetic patient.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2006 |
Spotlight on pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metf | 2006 |
Glumetza: once-a-day dosing for management of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2006 |
[Nephrotoxicity after the use of intravenous X-ray contrast media in a type 2 diabetic being treated with metformin].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Contraindications; Contrast Media; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dr | 2006 |
Identification and characterization of a small molecule AMPK activator that treats key components of type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Biphenyl Compounds; Cell Line; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Di | 2006 |
Dominant Western health care: type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adolescent; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; United States | 2006 |
Association of insulin resistance with hyperglycemia in streptozotocin-diabetic pigs: effects of metformin at isoenergetic feeding in a type 2-like diabetic pig model.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Eating; Glucose; Glycosuria; Hy | 2006 |
Patient characteristics not described.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Patient Selection; Sul | 2006 |
Comment on: Evans JM, Ogston SA, Emslie-Smith A, Morris A (2006) risk of mortality and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a comparison of patients treated with sulfonylureas and metformin. Diabetologia 49:930-936.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin-Secreting Cells; | 2006 |
Treatment with a thiazolidinedione increases eye protrusion in a subgroup of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adiponectin; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2006 |
Changes in patient weight and the impact of antidiabetic therapy during the first 5 years after diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Femal | 2006 |
Race and medication adherence in Medicaid enrollees with type-2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Black or African American; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Femal | 2006 |
Plasma dipeptidyl peptidase-IV activity in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus correlates positively with HbAlc levels, but is not acutely affected by food intake.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Eating | 2006 |
[Factors influencing homocysteineamia in type 2 diabetic patients].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Folic Acid; Glycated Hemoglobin; Homocysteine; Humans; Hyperhomoc | 2006 |
Improvement in coronary vascular dysfunction produced with euglycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Case-Control Studies; Coronary Circulation; Coronary Disease; Diabete | 2007 |
Metformin increases blood flow and forearm glucose uptake in a group of non-obese type 2 diabetes patients.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Forearm; Glucose; Humans; Hypo | 2006 |
Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV activity by metformin enhances the antidiabetic effects of glucagon-like peptide-1.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cell Line; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Pepti | 2006 |
Course of glycaemia in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes patients 2.5 years after optimizing oral treatment in general practice.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fam | 2006 |
Metformin prolongs the postprandial fall in plasma ghrelin concentrations in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Appetite; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Energy Metabolism; Female; Ghrelin; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2007 |
Incretin mimetics as a novel therapeutic option for hepatic steatosis.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Fatty Liver; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Mid | 2006 |
Comment on: Evans JMM, Ogston SA, Emslie-Smith A, Morris AD (2006) risk of mortality and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a comparison of patients treated with sulfonylureas and metformin. Diabetologia 49:930-936.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2006 |
[Improved blood sugar control plus weight loss].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exena | 2006 |
Acute renal failure from contrast medium: beware patients taking metformin...
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Contraindications; Contrast Media; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2006 |
Triple therapy in type 2 diabetes: insulin glargine or rosiglitazone added to combination therapy of sulfonylurea plus metformin in insulin-naïve patients: response to Rosenstock et al.
Topics: Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2006 |
Ovarian stockpiling in polycystic ovary syndrome, infertility, and the combined use of rosiglitazone and metformin.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Metformin; Polycystic Ovary S | 2006 |
A role for AMP-activated protein kinase in diabetes-induced renal hypertrophy.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Carrier Proteins; Cells, Culture | 2007 |
Weight gain and insulin requirement in type 2 diabetic patients during the first year after initiating insulin therapy dependent on baseline BMI.
Topics: Aged; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combin | 2006 |
Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 31-2006. A 15-year-old girl with severe obesity.
Topics: Acanthosis Nigricans; Adolescent; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Liver; Female; G | 2006 |
Pioglitazone/metformin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pioglitazone; | 2006 |
Long-term efficacy of metformin therapy in nonobese individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Databases, Factual; Diabete | 2006 |
[The practice guideline 'Diabetes mellitus type 2' (second revision) from the Dutch College of General Practitioners; a response from the perspective of general practice].
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pioglita | 2006 |
[The practice guideline 'Diabetes mellitus type 2' (second revision) from the Dutch College of General Practitioners; a response from the perspective of general practice].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypertension; Hypog | 2006 |
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis in a patient with vertebral artery dissection.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; M | 2006 |
Human organic cation transporter (OCT1 and OCT2) gene polymorphisms and therapeutic effects of metformin.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Middle | 2007 |
Predictors of metabolic control at one year in a population of pediatric patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective study.
Topics: Adolescent; Aging; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Education; Fami | 2006 |
[Acute pancreatitis, acute kidney failure, metformin intoxication and villous rectal adenoma].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Adenoma, Villous; Aged; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonoscopy; Diabe | 2006 |
Metformin and antihypertensive therapy with drugs blocking the renin angiotensin system, a cause of concern?
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin-Conv | 2006 |
Thiazolidinediones for initial treatment of type 2 diabetes?
Topics: Algorithms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Rosiglitaz | 2006 |
Gaining: pediatric patients and use of atypical antipsychotics.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Antipsychotic Agents; Autistic Disorder; Body Mass Index; Child; Dia | 2006 |
Utilization of diabetes medication and cost of testing supplies in Saskatchewan, 2001.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Algorithms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Costs; Drug Moni | 2006 |
[Change in ghrelin level with the amelioration of glucose and lipid metabolic disorder in OLETF rats].
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Northern; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fenofibrate; Gastric Mucosa; Ghrelin; Hypogl | 2006 |
The perioperative management of metformin for the oral and maxillofacial surgery patient: risks and recommendations.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Monitoring, Int | 2007 |
A lifetime modelled economic evaluation comparing pioglitazone and rosiglitazone for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the UK.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, HDL; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Com | 2007 |
Weight changes following the initiation of new anti-hyperglycaemic therapies.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2007 |
[Metformin can cause vitamin B 12 deficiency in diabetes].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Risk Factors; Vitamin B 12 Defici | 2007 |
The risk of coronary heart disease in type 2 diabetic patients exposed to thiazolidinediones compared to metformin and sulfonylurea therapy.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Coronary Disease; Databases, Factual; | 2007 |
An open, randomized, parallel-group study to compare the efficacy and safety profile of inhaled human insulin (Exubera) with glibenclamide as adjunctive therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes poorly controlled on metformin: response to Barnett et al.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insul | 2007 |
Don't throw the baby out with the bath water: mortality with combination metformin and sulfonylurea.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Sulfon | 2007 |
Metformin: 50 years old, fit as a fiddle, and indispensable for its pivotal role in type 2 diabetes management.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2006 |
Clinical characteristics influencing the effectiveness of metformin on Japanese type 2 diabetes receiving sulfonylureas.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Asian People; Blood Pressure; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2007 |
Metformin: preventable lactic acidosis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Biguanides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; France; Humans; Male; Metformin | 2007 |
Contraindications to metformin therapy among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypogl | 2007 |
A proof of concept, preliminary study to determine the effect of Yogasnas in controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus in newly detected subjects (when compared to metformin monotherapy).
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phyt | 2006 |
Initial monotherapy with either metformin or sulphonylureas often fails to achieve or maintain current glycaemic goals in patients with Type 2 diabetes in UK primary care.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycat | 2007 |
A comparative study of the effects of hypoglycemic agents on serum electrolytes in the diabetic patients.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Calcium; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; | 2007 |
Sitagliptin.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2007 |
Comment on: Evans JMM, Ogston SA, Emslie-Smith A, Morris AD (2006) Risk of mortality and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a comparison of patients treated with sulfonylureas and metformin. Diabetologia 49:930-936.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Metformin; Repr | 2007 |
Race, ethnicity, and use of thiazolidinediones among US adults with diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Utilization; E | 2007 |
Introducing estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) into clinical practice in the UK: implications for the use of metformin.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Female; Glomerular Fil | 2007 |
The effects of metformin and glibenclamide on glucose metabolism, counter-regulatory hormones and cardiovascular responses in women with Type 2 diabetes during exercise of moderate intensity.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Brazil; Case-Control Studies; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2007 |
Comment on: Nauck MA, Duran S, Kim D et al (2007) A comparison of twice-daily exenatide and biphasic insulin aspart in patients with type 2 diabetes who were suboptimally controlled with sulfonylurea and metformin: a non-inferiority study. Diabetologia 50
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Glyc | 2007 |
[Detection of LADA-type diabetes in overweight diabetic patients. Is treatment with metformin suitable?].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Autoantibodies; Autoimmune Diseases; Body Mass Index; Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Me | 2007 |
Glycemic durability of monotherapy for diabetes.
Topics: Acarbose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Logis | 2007 |
Letter to the editor in reference to article titled: Initial treatment with rosiglitazone/metformin fixed-dose combination therapy compared with monotherapy with either rosiglitazone or metformin in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Randomized Con | 2007 |
Glycemic durability of monotherapy for diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Metformi | 2007 |
Summaries for patients. Exenatide therapy for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; F | 2007 |
Exenatide in combination therapy: small study, big market, and many unanswered questions.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metfor | 2007 |
FPIN's clinical inquiries. Glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidence-Based Medicine; Glycemic Index; Humans; Metformin; Randomized Co | 2007 |
Impact of oral antihyperglycemic therapy on all-cause mortality among patients with diabetes in the Veterans Health Administration.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fe | 2007 |
Increased prothrombin time and lactic acidosis: rofecoxib drug interaction with acenocoumarin and metformin.
Topics: Acenocoumarol; Acidosis, Lactic; Anticoagulants; Aortic Valve Stenosis; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; | 2007 |
Metformin: new indication. Useful for some children with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; France; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Insulin; Metformi | 2007 |
Antidiabetic prescriptions and glycemic control in German patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective database study.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Blood Glucose; Comorbidity; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes | 2007 |
Do we need new drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Sulfonylurea Compounds | 2007 |
When a friend can become an enemy! Recognition and management of metformin-associated lactic acidosis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Bicarbonates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2007 |
[Metformin-related lactic acidosis in an 85-year-old woman].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged, 80 and over; Contraindications; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatal | 2007 |
[Fatal autointoxication with metformin].
Topics: Acidosis; Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Overdose; Fatal Outcome; Female; Humans; Hypoglycem | 2007 |
A case of fatal intoxication from metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatal Outcome; Female; Forensic To | 2007 |
New treatments for diabetes.
Topics: Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitors; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; Dipeptidyl-Peptid | 2007 |
Economic evaluation of the treatment of type 2 diabetes with insulin glargine based on the LAPTOP trial.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; G | 2008 |
The different mechanisms of insulin sensitizers to prevent type 2 diabetes in OLETF rats.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pioglita | 2007 |
Sitagliptin/metformin (Janumet) for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2007 |
Rosiglitazone and cardiotoxicity--weighing the evidence.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Heart Failure; Humans | 2007 |
Coronary heart disease outcomes in patients receiving antidiabetic agents.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; | 2007 |
The use of oral antidiabetic agents in primary care.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Utilization Review; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Guidel | 2007 |
[Status of glitazones in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Management; Drug Costs; Drug Therapy, C | 2007 |
Medication use and disease management of type 2 diabetes in Belgium.
Topics: Belgium; Benzamides; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Community Pharmacy Services; Counseling; Diabete | 2008 |
Response to Pokharna and Kanna: initial treatment with rosiglitazone/metformin fixed-dose combination therapy compared with monotherapy with either rosiglitazone or metformin in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dru | 2008 |
Medical therapy for diabetes is associated with increased use of lower endoscopy.
Topics: Aged; Bias; Cohort Studies; Colonic Polyps; Colonoscopy; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 2007 |
Janumet.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Pyrazines; Sit | 2007 |
[Human insulin vs. analogs. What is the cost of supplementary insulin therapy?].
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationsh | 2006 |
[ADOPT study. Glitazone controls diabetes progression].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Glyburide; Glycated Hemoglobin; Human | 2007 |
[New class of oral antidiabetic drugs. Effective in combination with metformin].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Thera | 2007 |
Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with pituitary gigantism.
Topics: Adenoma; Adolescent; Antineoplastic Agents; Cabergoline; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitu | 2007 |
[New rank order of antidiabetic drugs. Using glitazone before sulfonylurea drugs? (interview by Dr. Dirk Einecke)].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; In | 2007 |
Association between oral antidiabetic use, adverse events and outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hum | 2008 |
Loss of glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were receiving initial metformin, sulfonylurea, or thiazolidinedione monotherapy.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypogly | 2007 |
[ADOPT study: Reevaluation of antidiabetic drugs. Control of diabetes].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Glyburide; | 2007 |
[Consulting Prof. Dr. Stephan Matthaei. Quakenbrück diabetes center. Prescription relevant conclusions].
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glyburide; Humans; H | 2007 |
Establishing pragmatic estimated GFR thresholds to guide metformin prescribing.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Drug Prescriptions; Female; Glomerular Filt | 2007 |
Metformin use in an obese diabetic patient from weeks 1 to 21 of pregnancy.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fetal Macrosomia; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Res | 2003 |
Secondary failure of glycemic control for patients adding thiazolidinedione or sulfonylurea therapy to a metformin regimen.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Management; Drug Therapy, Co | 2007 |
[Pharmacological recommendations in the daily metabolic control of diabetes mellitus type 2. The role of the new insulins].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2007 |
Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the incretin system.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Peptides; Pyrazines; S | 2007 |
Type 2 diabetes: the end of clinical inertia.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insuli | 2007 |
Thailand diabetes registry project: glycemic control in Thai type 2 diabetes and its relation to hypoglycemic agent usage.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2006 |
Drug-induced vitamin B12 deficiency.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Vitamin B 12; Vitam | 2007 |
Pioglitazone + metformin: new drug. A combination product to avoid.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Approval; Drug Combinations; Europe; Humans; Metformin; Thiazolidine | 2007 |
[Insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes patients].
Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Drug Therapy, | 2007 |
[No influence of imatinib on type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents; Benzamides; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mell | 2007 |
[Metformin-related lactic acidosis in an 85-year-old woman].
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2007 |
[Metformin-related lactic acidosis in an 85-year-old woman].
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2007 |
[Metformin-related lactic acidosis in an 85-year-old woman].
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; F | 2007 |
Effect of pioglitazone on heart function and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Echocardiography; Female; | 2008 |
[Pioglitazone protects the type-2-diabetes patient from myocardial infarction and stroke].
Topics: Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Drug Th | 2007 |
Severe hypoglycemia in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus on metformin monotherapy.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Middle Aged | 2007 |
Effects of pioglitazone and metformin on intracellular lipid content in liver and skeletal muscle of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Abdominal Fat; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Fe | 2007 |
Lactate levels in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on metformin and its association with dose of metformin and renal function.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Asia; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; | 2007 |
A comment on 'the risk of coronary heart disease in type 2 diabetic patients exposed to thiazolidinediones compared to metformin and sulfonylurea therapy'.
Topics: Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2007 |
Hyperhomocysteinemia, deep vein thrombosis and vitamin B12 deficiency in a metformin-treated diabetic patient.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hyperhomocysteinemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformi | 2007 |
Impairment of the antioxidant properties of serum albumin in patients with diabetes: protective effects of metformin.
Topics: Aged; Antioxidants; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fluorescence; Humans; Hypoglyc | 2008 |
Anti-diabetic effects of compound K versus metformin versus compound K-metformin combination therapy in diabetic db/db mice.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; | 2007 |
Sitagliptin with metformin: profile of a combination for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therap | 2007 |
Glycemic response to newly initiated diabetes therapies.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Glycemic Index; Health Status | 2007 |
[Fat cells becoming ever more prolific--editorial].
Topics: Adipocytes; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Met | 2007 |
Metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes complicated by heart failure.
Topics: Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Labeling; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2007 |
Effect of metformin and rosiglitazone in a prepubertal boy with Alström syndrome.
Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fatty Liver; H | 2007 |
Effect of biphasic insulin aspart 30 combined with metformin on glycaemic control in obese people with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Biphasic Insulins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hyperglyce | 2007 |
[Overdose of metformin secondary to acute renal insufficiency: a report of six cases].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2007 |
Use of metformin according to estimated glomerular filtration rate: the threshold and the equation are important.
Topics: Aged; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Metformin; | 2007 |
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and metformin.
Topics: Confidence Intervals; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Met | 2007 |
Metformin in heart failure.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin | 2007 |
Metformin discontinuation rate among patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus in Basrah, Iraq.
Topics: Adult; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Iraq; Male; M | 2007 |
[Vascular dysfunction in metabolic disorders: evaluation of some therapeutic interventions].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Capillary Permeability; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothel | 2007 |
[Classic drug in diabetes therapy. Revise contraindications?].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Child; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ | 2007 |
[New data on hypoglycemia risk and beta cell function].
Topics: C-Peptide; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; Gluc | 2007 |
Blurred vision.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Insulin; Male; Metformin; Retinal Diseases; | 2007 |
Clinical predictors of disease progression and medication initiation in untreated patients with type 2 diabetes and A1C less than 7%.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Female; Glycated Hem | 2008 |
Exenatide: new drug. Type 2 diabetes for some overweight patients.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucagon-Like Peptid | 2007 |
Economic effect of augmentation strategies in patients with type 2 diabetes initiated on sulfonylureas.
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hum | 2007 |
The ratio of leptin to adiponectin can be used as an index of insulin resistance.
Topics: Adiponectin; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Clamp Techni | 2008 |
Clinical decisions. Management of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gl | 2008 |
Combined therapy with insulin plus oral agents: is there any advantage? An argument in favor.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hy | 2008 |
Insulin as a first-line therapy in type 2 diabetes: should the use of sulfonylureas be halted?
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Glyburide; Humans; Hypogl | 2008 |
The nuts and bolts of achieving end points with real-time continuous glucose monitoring.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Capillaries; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Eating; Glycemic Index; Humans; Hypoglycemia; | 2008 |
Choosing first-line therapy for management of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Rosiglitazone; Thiazol | 2008 |
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis following contrast media-induced nephrotoxicity.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Angiography, Digital Subtraction; Blood Gas Analysis; Contrast Media; Diabetes Mel | 2008 |
Oral antidiabetic medication adherence and glycemic control in managed care.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; | 2008 |
Clinical decisions. Management of type 2 diabetes--polling results.
Topics: Body Weight; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exenatide; | 2008 |
[Insulin-using woman with type 2 diabetes and weight problems].
Topics: C-Peptide; Caloric Restriction; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; Exercise T | 2008 |
Diabetes specialists keep ACCORD data in perspective.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Glycated | 2008 |
A retrospective analysis of the fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin and pharmacotherapy change patterns among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Databases as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administ | 2008 |
Sitagliptin: new drug. Type 2 diabetes: limited efficacy, too many unknown risks.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therap | 2008 |
[The effectiveness in type 2 diabetes prevention: a forced landing to reality].
Topics: Acarbose; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Diabetes | 2008 |
Formulation and in vitro studies of a fixed-dose combination of a bilayer matrix tablet containing metformin HCl as sustained release and glipizide as immediate release.
Topics: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations | 2008 |
Coronary heart disease outcomes in patients receiving antidiabetic agents in the PharMetrics database 2000-2007.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Coronary Disease; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 2008 |
Cost-utility analysis of intensive blood glucose control with metformin versus usual care in overweight type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Beijing, P.R. China.
Topics: Blood Glucose; China; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Costs; Economics, Pharm | 2008 |
Cost-effectiveness analysis of thiazolidinediones in uncontrolled type 2 diabetic patients receiving sulfonylureas and metformin in Thailand.
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Economics, Pharmaceutical; | 2008 |
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus: incidence and presentation in common clinical practice.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 2008 |
Prevalence of risk determinants for metformin-associated lactic acidosis and metformin utilization in the study of health in pomerania.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Aged; Algorithms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Germany; Health; Human | 2008 |
Re: "Effect of metformin and rosiglitazone in a prepubertal boy with Alström syndrome", Sinha SK et al., JPEM 2007; 20: 1045-1052.
Topics: Child; Deafness; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2008 |
Achieving glycosylated hemoglobin targets using the combination of repaglinide and metformin in type 2 diabetes: a reanalysis of earlier data in terms of current targets.
Topics: Biomarkers; Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; H | 2008 |
Extended-release metformin in Asian patients.
Topics: Asian People; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; M | 2008 |
Treatment of impaired glucose tolerance in childhood.
Topics: Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Metformin; Obesit | 2008 |
Metformin and lactic acidosis in an Australian community setting: the Fremantle Diabetes Study.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relations | 2008 |
[Metformin should not be used by patients with reduced renal function].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antihypertensive Ag | 2008 |
Glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in seven European countries: findings from the Real-Life Effectiveness and Care Patterns of Diabetes Management (RECAP-DM) study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Europe | 2008 |
Hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with a combination of metformin and sulphonylurea therapy in France.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; France; Glipi | 2008 |
Hypoglycaemic symptoms, treatment satisfaction, adherence and their associations with glycaemic goal in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: findings from the Real-Life Effectiveness and Care Patterns of Diabetes Management (RECAP-DM) Study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Europe | 2008 |
Development of a diabetes treatment simulation model: with application to assessing alternative treatment intensification strategies on survival and diabetes-related complications.
Topics: Amputation, Surgical; Blindness; Cardiovascular Diseases; Computer Simulation; Diabetes Complication | 2008 |
Cost-effectiveness of sitagliptin-based treatment regimens in European patients with type 2 diabetes and haemoglobin A1c above target on metformin monotherapy.
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Therapy, | 2008 |
Psoriatic exacerbation associated with insulin therapy.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin | 2008 |
A 40-year-old woman with diabetes contemplating pregnancy after gastric bypass surgery.
Topics: Adult; Antihypertensive Agents; Breast Feeding; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gastric Bypass; G | 2008 |
Is exenatide improving the treatment of type 2 diabetes? Analysis of the individual clinical trials with exenatide.
Topics: Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide | 2007 |
Metformin inhibits intracellular lipid accumulation in the murine pre-adipocyte cell line, 3T3-L1.
Topics: Adipocytes; Animals; Cell Line; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Metformin; Mice | 2008 |
Effect of succinic acid monoethyl ester on hemoglobin glycation and tail tendon collagen properties in type 2 diabetic rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Collagen; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycat | 2008 |
[Lactic acidosis in diabetic patients treated with metformin. Value of hemodialysis with a sodium bicarbonate bath].
Topics: Acidosis; Aged; Bicarbonates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Lactates; Male; Metformin; Middle A | 1984 |
[Oral hypoglycemic agents and metformin in the treatment of type II non-insulin-dependent diabetes].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 1983 |
Metformin and glibenclamide: comparative risks.
Topics: Acidosis; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Lactates; Metformin; Ris | 1984 |
New contraindication to intravascular iodinated contrast material.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Contraindications; Contrast Media; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 1995 |
New contraindication to intravascular iodinated contrast material.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Contraindications; Contrast Media; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 1995 |
Role of metformin accumulation in metformin-associated lactic acidosis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coma; Creatinine | 1995 |
Metformin.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dia | 1995 |
Metabolic effects of metformin in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Energy Metabolism; Fe | 1995 |
Metabolic effects of metformin in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Energy Metabolism; Fe | 1995 |
Metabolic effects of metformin in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Energy Metabolism; Fe | 1995 |
Metabolic effects of metformin in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Energy Metabolism; Fe | 1995 |
Metabolic effects of metformin in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Energy Metabolism; Fe | 1995 |
Metabolic effects of metformin in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Energy Metabolism; Fe | 1995 |
Metabolic effects of metformin in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Energy Metabolism; Fe | 1995 |
Metabolic effects of metformin in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Energy Metabolism; Fe | 1995 |
Metabolic effects of metformin in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Energy Metabolism; Fe | 1995 |
Metformin.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Obesity | 1995 |
Energy expenditure in type 2 diabetic patients on metformin and sulphonylurea therapy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Energy Metabolism; Female; Humans | 1995 |
Metformin: an antihyperglycemic drug for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformi | 1995 |
[Is it correct that in type II diabetes, treatment with metformin should be discontinued starting at age 65?].
Topics: Aged; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administr | 1995 |
Metformin for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Clinical Trials as Topic; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dr | 1995 |
Diabetes 2000. Oral medications.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Patient Education as Topic; Sulf | 1995 |
Metformin [Glucophage]: new treatment for NIDDM.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Humans; Metformin; Patient Education as Topic | 1995 |
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis in diabetic patients with acute renal failure.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; G | 1995 |
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis in diabetic patients with acute renal failure. A critical analysis of its pathogenesis and prognosis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Eryt | 1994 |
Effect of metformin on postprandial lipemia in patients with fairly to poorly controlled NIDDM.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fatty Acids, | 1994 |
From the Food and Drug Administration.
Topics: Alcoholism; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Approval; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; HIV Antibod | 1995 |
The American Diabetes Association annual meeting, 1994: treatment issues for NIDDM.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fats; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Insulin; Managed Care Progra | 1994 |
Effect of metformin on insulin-stimulated glucose transport in isolated skeletal muscle obtained from patients with NIDDM.
Topics: 3-O-Methylglucose; Analysis of Variance; Biological Transport, Active; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Melli | 1994 |
From the Food and Drug Administration.
Topics: Aspirin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Labeling; Drugs, Investigational; | 1993 |
Metformin increases glucose transporter protein and gene expression in human fibroblasts.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fibroblasts; Gene Expression Regula | 1993 |
Demonstration of defective glucose uptake and storage in erythrocytes from non-insulin dependent diabetic patients and effects of metformin.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Erythrocytes; Glucose; Glycogen; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Lactates; | 1993 |
Severe lactic acidosis in patient receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Kidney Failure | 1993 |
Antihyperglycemic action of guanidinoalkanoic acids: 3-guanidinopropionic acid ameliorates hyperglycemia in diabetic KKAy and C57BL6Job/ob mice and increases glucose disappearance in rhesus monkeys.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, | 1993 |
Guidelines for good practice in the diagnosis and treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Report of a joint working party of the British Diabetic Association, the Research Unit of the Royal College of Physicians, and the Royal college of Gen
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Insulin; Metformin; Sulfonylurea Compound | 1993 |
Pemphigus vulgaris precipitated by glibenclamide therapy.
Topics: Aged; Azathioprine; Candidiasis, Oral; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Hypersensitivity; Fluconazole | 1993 |
Effect of metformin on various aspects of glucose, insulin and lipid metabolism in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with varying degrees of hyperglycemia.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypertri | 1995 |
Changes in insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity associated with metformin treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Erythrocyte Membrane; Erythrocytes; Fe | 1995 |
Efficacy of metformin in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency | 1996 |
Efficacy of metformin in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatal Outcome; Female; Humans; | 1996 |
Metformin-associated mortality in U.S. studies.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic A | 1996 |
Dangers of new drugs. Does your facility or team have a system for incorporating new agents?
Topics: Aged; Cimetidine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Information Services; Drug Interactions; Female; H | 1996 |
Decreased skeletal muscle phosphotyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) activity towards insulin receptors in insulin-resistant Zucker rats measured by delayed Europium fluorescence.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Europium; Fluorescent Ant | 1996 |
[Metformin undervalued].
Topics: Aged; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Middle Aged | 1996 |
Metformin-associated lactic acidosis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Middle Ag | 1996 |
The effect of metformin on adipose tissue metabolism and peripheral blood flow in subjects with NIDDM.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mel | 1996 |
Metformin useful in combination with exogenous insulin.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cognition Disorders; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination | 1996 |
Metformin treatment in NIDDM patients with mild renal impairment.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 1996 |
A 64-year-old man with adult-onset diabetes.
Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Carotid Stenosis; Decision | 1996 |
Metformin as an adjunctive therapy for NIDDM.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabe | 1996 |
Metformin: an alternative treatment for noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 1995 |
Metformin: prevention of lactic acidosis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 1996 |
Metformin decreases blood pressure and obesity in OLETF rats via improvement of insulin resistance.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Blotting, Northern; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 1996 |
Conference report: renal disease, metformin, and the adipocyte.
Topics: Adipocytes; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabet | 1996 |
The effect of metformin on liver blood flow in vivo in normal subjects and patients with non insulin dependent diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liver Circul | 1996 |
Relationship between plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 plasma levels and the lipoprotein(a) concentrations in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Linear Models; Lipoprotein(a); | 1996 |
Prevention of hyperglycemia in the Zucker diabetic fatty rat by treatment with metformin or troglitazone.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Body Weight; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; | 1996 |
Metformin-induced lactic acidosis associated with acute renal failure.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Contrast Media; | 1996 |
[The effect of metformin on lactate levels in type II diabetes].
Topics: Body Weight; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agent | 1996 |
Theophylline option for attenuating contrast media-induced nephrotoxicity in patients on metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Contraindications; Contrast Media; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 1997 |
[Comparison of two treatment models in type-II diabetic patients with poor metabolic control: Preformed combination of glibenclamide 2,5 mg + metformin 400 mg or mono-therapy with sulfonylurea at maximal doses? An evaluation at six months].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Combinatio | 1996 |
Lactic acidosis associated with Glucophage use in a man with normal renal and hepatic function.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Drug Therapy, Combination; Human | 1997 |
[Insulin resistance, hypertension and diabetes--value of Metformin and ACE-inhibitors].
Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Huma | 1994 |
Increased alanine uptake and lipid synthesis from alanine in isolated hepatocytes of Wistar-Kyoto fatty rats: an inhibitory effect of biguanides.
Topics: Aging; Alanine; Animals; Body Weight; Buformin; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Di | 1997 |
Contraindications to metformin therapy in patients with NIDDM.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Alcoholism; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; D | 1997 |
A 64-year-old man with adult-onset diabetes, 1 year later.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Middle | 1997 |
Survival after metformin-associated lactic acidosis in peritoneal dialysis--dependent renal failure.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Kidney Failure, Ch | 1997 |
Pioglitazone and metformin reverse insulin resistance induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha in liver cells.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; | 1997 |
Metformin, contrast media, and theophylline.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Contraindications; Contrast Media; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 1997 |
Monitoring of metabolic control in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus on oral hypoglycaemic agents: value of evening blood glucose determination.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Blood Glucose; Circadian Rhythm; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type | 1997 |
[40 years of Metformin in the treatment of diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; In | 1997 |
Lactic acidosis as a serious perioperative complication of antidiabetic biguanide medication with metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin | 1997 |
A retrospective analysis of the efficacy and safety of metformin in the African-American patient.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Black People; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, | 1997 |
Action of metformin on erythrocyte membrane fluidity in vitro and in vivo.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Erythrocyte Membrane; Fluorescent Dyes; Glyburide; Humans; Hypogly | 1997 |
Does metformin increase the serum total homocysteine level in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus?
Topics: Adult; Aged; Arteriosclerosis; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Homocyste | 1997 |
Treatment of type 2 diabetes: a review of metformin in clinical practice.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; In | 1998 |
Possible synergistic effect of metformin and enalapril on the development of hyperkaliemic lactic acidosis.
Topics: Acidosis; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Chlorides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Synergism; Drug | 1997 |
[How I treat a diabetes type 2 patient: the DREAM project for better general practitioner-specialist collaboration. Diabetes Reinforcement of Adequate Management].
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Cost of Illness; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Drug Industry; Exer | 1998 |
Case report. Pseudohepatotoxicity of metformin.
Topics: Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Dia | 1998 |
Beta-cell deterioration determines the onset and rate of progression of secondary dietary failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus: the 10-year follow-up of the Belfast Diet Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; | 1998 |
Beta-cell deterioration determines the onset and rate of progression of secondary dietary failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus: the 10-year follow-up of the Belfast Diet Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; | 1998 |
Beta-cell deterioration determines the onset and rate of progression of secondary dietary failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus: the 10-year follow-up of the Belfast Diet Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; | 1998 |
Beta-cell deterioration determines the onset and rate of progression of secondary dietary failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus: the 10-year follow-up of the Belfast Diet Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; | 1998 |
International Diabetes Federation meeting, 1997. Issues in the treatment of type 2 diabetes; sulfonylureas, metformin, and troglitazone.
Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Middle Aged; Sulfonylur | 1998 |
Metformin-induced acute hepatitis.
Topics: Acute Disease; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bilirubin; Biopsy; Chemical and Drug Indu | 1998 |
Nongenetic mouse models of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Fats; Di | 1998 |
Metformin and contrast media: where is the conflict?
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Contraindications; Contrast Media; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; H | 1998 |
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and metformin: a cause for concern?
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Back Pain; Diabetes | 1998 |
Lactic acidosis with therapeutic metformin blood level in a low-risk diabetic patient.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glyburide; Hu | 1998 |
Lactic acidosis in metformin therapy. Relationship between plasma metformin concentration and renal function.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Me | 1998 |
Some answers, more controversy, from UKPDS. United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; M | 1998 |
The management of metformin overdose.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Overdose; Fatal Outcome; Female; Humans; Hy | 1998 |
Metformin and lactic acidosis: guilt by association?
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lactates; Liver; Metformin | 1998 |
Lactic acidosis rates in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Incidence; M | 1998 |
Chorea in hyperglycemia.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Brain; Chorea; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Gl | 1998 |
Metformin hydrochloride all right before, but not after, contrast medium administration.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Contraindications; Contrast Media; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 1998 |
The UK Prospective Diabetes Study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Prospe | 1998 |
The UK Prospective Diabetes Study.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Prospe | 1998 |
The UK Prospective Diabetes Study.
Topics: Cardiovascular System; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag | 1998 |
[A twelve-year old girl with diabetes mellitus type 2].
Topics: Acanthosis Nigricans; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Child; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 1998 |
Cost-effectiveness and clinical outcomes of metformin or insulin add-on therapy in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Decision Trees; Diab | 1998 |
Effect of masoprocol on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in a rat model of Type II diabetes.
Topics: Adipocytes; Animals; Antioxidants; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diab | 1999 |
Review of management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Body Weight; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; | 1998 |
Treating type 2 diabetes with respect.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformi | 1999 |
Metformin as adjuvant to insulin therapy in type 2 diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglyc | 1999 |
A short term cost-effectiveness model for oral antidiabetic medicines in Europe.
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Europe; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; In | 1998 |
Diabetes control without weight gain.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metformi | 1999 |
[Impact of intensive blood glucose control with hypoglycemic sulfamides, metformin or insulin on complications of non-insulin dependent diabetes].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glipizide; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 1999 |
[Hepatotoxic reaction associated with metformin and chlorpropamide treatment].
Topics: Aged; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chlorpropamide; Cholestasis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 1999 |
Troglitazone and metformin, but not glibenclamide, decrease blood pressure in Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Catecholamines; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose | 1999 |
Clinical problem-solving. The importance of a name.
Topics: Acanthosis Nigricans; Adolescent; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 1999 |
Safety of metformin in Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Randomized Controlled Trials as T | 1999 |
Metformin therapy for diabetes in Prader-Willi syndrome.
Topics: Adolescent; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Obesity; Prader | 1998 |
First 20 months' experience with use of metformin for type 2 diabetes in a large health maintenance organization.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; California; Child; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty | 1999 |
American Diabetes Association Annual Meeting, 1998. Treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Nuclear Proteins; Recept | 1999 |
Lactic acidosis with therapeutic metformin blood level in a low-risk diabetic patient.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Carbon Dioxide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; | 1999 |
Metformin and fatty acids.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; L | 1999 |
Safety and efficacy of metformin in a restricted formulary.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Body Weight; California; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Formularies, Hospital as | 1999 |
Contrast media and metformin: guidelines to diminish the risk of lactic acidosis in non-insulin-dependent diabetics after administration of contrast media. ESUR Contrast Media Safety Committee.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Angiography; Contrast Media; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypogl | 1999 |
Switching insulin-sensitizing agents in patients with type 2 diabetes who require insulin.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin; | 1999 |
Metformin and lactic acidosis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Registries; Uni | 1999 |
The treatment of type 2 diabetes: good news from the UK.
Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Combined Modality | 1999 |
Ten-year follow-up of antidiabetic drug use, nonadherence, and mortality in a defined population with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Follow-Up Studies; Health M | 1999 |
The prevalence of chronic diarrhea among diabetic patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Autonomic Nervous System Dis | 1999 |
Contra-indications to metformin therapy are largely disregarded.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Contraindications; Coronary Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabet | 1999 |
Antihyperglycemic treatment in diabetics with coronary disease: increased metformin-associated mortality over a 5-year follow-up.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up | 1999 |
Metformin and risk of cardiovascular disease.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Randomized | 1999 |
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
Topics: Chromans; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Liver; Hepatitis; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 1999 |
Rethinking the diabetes prevention program clinical trial.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Clinical Protocols; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; G | 1999 |
Cutting the Gordian knot. Addition of metformin to insulin therapy in a patient with uncontrolled diabetes and schizophrenia.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; | 1999 |
[Renaissance of metformin].
Topics: Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Metformin; Obesity | 1999 |
A short-term cost-of-treatment model for type 2 diabetes: comparison of glipizide gastrointestinal therapeutic system, metformin, and acarbose.
Topics: Acarbose; Decision Trees; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Costs; Glipizide; Health Care Costs; Healt | 1999 |
Metformin as secondary therapy in a defined population with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ma | 1999 |
Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes: implications for metformin.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Metformin | 1999 |
Metformin prevents weight gain by reducing dietary intake during insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Basal Metabolism; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Eating; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; M | 1999 |
Lactic acidosis in metformin therapy.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lactic Acid; | 1999 |
Increased glucose intolerance related to digoxin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Cardiotonic Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Digoxin; Fata | 1999 |
Metformin improves vascular function in insulin-resistant rats.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Endotheliu | 2000 |
[Lactic acidosis feared adverse effect of metformin treatment. New guidelines can increase vigilance].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Contraindications; Contrast Media; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Guidelines as Topic; | 1999 |
[Hemodialysis cured severe lactic acidosis caused by metformin treatment].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Contraindications; Contrast Media; Diabetes Mellitus, T | 1999 |
Haemolytic anaemia due to metformin.
Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Middle | 2000 |
Insulin therapy improves endothelial function in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Composition; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 2000 |
Glycaemic and blood pressure controls achieved in a cohort of 318 patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aged; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; A | 1999 |
Metformin: a useful adjunct to insulin therapy?
Topics: Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Drug Therapy, Combina | 2000 |
Managing type 2 diabetes. A look at the newer agents.
Topics: Acarbose; Carbamates; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; P | 1999 |
[Repaglinide in combination therapy in type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Carbamates; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insul | 1999 |
Effect of metformin on glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes in daily practice: a retrospective study.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glyca | 2000 |
[Effectiveness of treatment with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus poorly controlled with insulin treatment].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Male; Metformin; Middle Age | 2000 |
Metformin and ageing diabetic patients.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Aging; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Health Services for the Aged; Humans; Hypo | 2000 |
Hiding consumer ads in pharmaceutical samples.
Topics: Advertising; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Drug Industry; Drug Packaging; Ethics, Profe | 2000 |
Enhanced escape of non-esterified fatty acids from tissue uptake: its role in impaired insulin-induced lowering of total rate of appearance in obesity and Type II diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Glucose Clamp Technique; Humans; Hydro | 2000 |
Increased mortality in Type II diabetic patients using sulphonylurea and metformin in combination: a population-based observational study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cause of Death; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemogl | 2000 |
Effects of oral hypoglycemic agents and diet on protein metabolism in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Drug Therapy, Combinati | 2000 |
Toward practical prevention of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: alpha-Linolenic Acid; Animals; Biotin; Calcium; Chromans; Coenzymes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Etha | 2000 |
Seeing what you want to see in randomised controlled trials: versions and perversions of UKPDS data. United Kingdom prospective diabetes study.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age | 2000 |
[Metformin for prevention of diabetes?].
Topics: Adult; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperinsulinism; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resis | 2000 |
Obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Anti-Obesity Agents; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; G | 2000 |
Oral antidiabetic agents safe with renal disease?
Topics: Aged; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2000 |
[Guideliness for drug treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Enzyme Inhibitors; Exercise; Glycoside Hydrolase Inh | 2000 |
[Give them a pill?].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; | 2000 |
Case 2. Recurrence of myocardial infarction.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Drug Therapy, Combination; | 2000 |
A simple therapeutic combination for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, | 2000 |
[Early control of diabetic sequelae. Combined insulin treatment also in type 2].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents | 2000 |
Oral hypoglycaemic agents in 118 diabetic pregnancies.
Topics: Abruptio Placentae; Adult; Birth Weight; Cesarean Section; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | 2000 |
What do patients with diabetes know about their tablets?
Topics: Acarbose; Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Health Kn | 2000 |
Sensitivity to sulphonylureas in patients with hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha gene mutations: evidence for pharmacogenetics in diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acid Substitution; Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA Transposable Elements | 2000 |
Clinical trials and clinical practice--bridging the gaps in type 2 diabetes. An evidence-based approach to risk factor modification in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Anticholesteremic Agents; Antihypertensive Agents; Atenolol; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mell | 2000 |
Achieving further glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hyp | 2000 |
Metformin in diabetes mellitus: are we choosing the right patients?
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Contraindications; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mell | 2000 |
Improvement of insulin sensitivity after adrenalectomy in patients with pheochromocytoma.
Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenalectomy; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Cl | 2000 |
Metformin and late gastrointestinal complications.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diarrhea; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Hypo | 2000 |
[Severe lactic acidosis due to metformin therapy in a patient with contra-indications for metformin].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Alcoholic Intoxication; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatal Outcom | 2000 |
Glyburide/metformin (Glucovance) for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Combinations; Glyburide; Hypoglyce | 2000 |
Mechanism by which metformin reduces glucose production in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Calorimetry, Indirect; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Glycogen; Humans | 2000 |
Mechanism by which metformin reduces glucose production in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Calorimetry, Indirect; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Glycogen; Humans | 2000 |
Mechanism by which metformin reduces glucose production in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Calorimetry, Indirect; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Glycogen; Humans | 2000 |
Mechanism by which metformin reduces glucose production in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Calorimetry, Indirect; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Glycogen; Humans | 2000 |
Mechanism by which metformin reduces glucose production in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Calorimetry, Indirect; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Glycogen; Humans | 2000 |
Mechanism by which metformin reduces glucose production in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Calorimetry, Indirect; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Glycogen; Humans | 2000 |
Mechanism by which metformin reduces glucose production in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Calorimetry, Indirect; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Glycogen; Humans | 2000 |
Mechanism by which metformin reduces glucose production in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Calorimetry, Indirect; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Glycogen; Humans | 2000 |
Mechanism by which metformin reduces glucose production in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Calorimetry, Indirect; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Glycogen; Humans | 2000 |
Mechanism by which metformin reduces glucose production in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Calorimetry, Indirect; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Glycogen; Humans | 2000 |
Mechanism by which metformin reduces glucose production in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Calorimetry, Indirect; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Glycogen; Humans | 2000 |
Mechanism by which metformin reduces glucose production in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Calorimetry, Indirect; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Glycogen; Humans | 2000 |
Mechanism by which metformin reduces glucose production in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Calorimetry, Indirect; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Glycogen; Humans | 2000 |
Mechanism by which metformin reduces glucose production in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Calorimetry, Indirect; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Glycogen; Humans | 2000 |
Mechanism by which metformin reduces glucose production in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Calorimetry, Indirect; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Glycogen; Humans | 2000 |
Mechanism by which metformin reduces glucose production in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Calorimetry, Indirect; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Glycogen; Humans | 2000 |
Hyperhomocysteinemia in type 2 diabetes: relationship to macroangiopathy, nephropathy, and insulin resistance.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic Nephrop | 2000 |
Oral hypoglycaemic drugs and gastrointestinal symptoms in diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen | 2001 |
Diabetes mellitus with left transverse sinus thrombosis and right transverse sinus aplasia.
Topics: Aged; Aspirin; Cerebral Angiography; Cranial Sinuses; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathi | 2001 |
Do interventions to reduce coronary heart disease reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes? A possible role for inflammatory factors.
Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Anticholesteremic Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Corona | 2001 |
[Intensified conventional insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Positive long-term effects of insulin lispro on metabolic control and microalbuminuria].
Topics: Aged; Albuminuria; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Dose-Response Relationship, Dr | 2001 |
[Severe lactic acidosis due to metformin ingestion in a patient with contra-indication for metformin].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diagnosis, Differential; Femal | 2001 |
Energy metabolism and substrates oxidative patterns in type 2 diabetic patients treated with sulphonylurea alone or in combination with metformin.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Calorimetry, Indirect; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; | 2000 |
Effect of four-week metformin treatment on plasma and erythrocyte antioxidative defense enzymes in newly diagnosed obese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Catalase; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Erythrocytes; Fruc | 2000 |
Metformin retention independent of renal failure in intestinal occlusion.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cecum; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fem | 2001 |
Direct-to-consumer advertisements for Glucophage XR.
Topics: Advertising; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin | 2001 |
Serum insulin assay: an important therapeutic tool in management of freshly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gl | 2000 |
Nateglinide for type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dizziness; Humans; Metformin; Nategli | 2001 |
Use of urea containing dialysate to avoid disequilibrium syndrome, enabling intensive dialysis treatment of a diabetic patient with renal failure and severe metformin induced lactic acidosis.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Female; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2001 |
[Metformin and anesthesia--how great is the risk of lactic acidosis].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Anesthesia, General; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin; Risk Factors | 2001 |
Metformin and intervention in polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocrine Society of Australia, the Australian Diabetes Society and the Australian Paediatric Endocrine Group.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endocrinology; Evidence-Based Medicine; Female; Glucose Intolerance; Huma | 2001 |
Oral antidiabetic treatment in patients with coronary disease: time-related increased mortality on combined glyburide/metformin therapy over a 7.7-year follow-up.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glybur | 2001 |
Transitioning patients with type 2 diabetes to a fixed combination > glyburide/metformin tablet.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; | 2000 |
Antidiabetic drugs and the vascular system.
Topics: Animals; Blood Vessels; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2000 |
Continuous glucose monitoring in youth with type 2 diabetes: overcoming barriers to successful treatment.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Child; Circadian Rhythm; Diabetes M | 2000 |
A falling HbA1c is not necessarily an indicator of improving diabetes control.
Topics: Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Flupenthixol; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hemoglobins; Hemol | 2001 |
Contraindications to metformin therapy in patients with Type 2 diabetes--a population-based study of adherence to prescribing guidelines.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Contraindications; Databases as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropat | 2001 |
Utilization of oral hypoglycemic agents in a drug-insured U.S. population.
Topics: Carbamates; Chromans; Cohort Studies; Databases as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme Inhibito | 2001 |
Management of type 2 diabetes: long-awaited evidence of benefits after blood sugar control.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Hypoglycemic Ag | 1999 |
Exercise and diet reduce risk of diabetes, US study shows.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Exercise; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; M | 2001 |
Diet and exercise delay onset of type 2 diabetes, say US experts.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Behavior Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Exer | 2001 |
Exercise adds to metformin and acarbose efficacy in db/db mice.
Topics: Acarbose; Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Ea | 2001 |
[Better blood glucose control. Extending metformin dosage].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | 2001 |
Monotherapy with metformin: does it improve hypoxia in type 2 diabetic patients?
Topics: Antioxidants; Catalase; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Hypoxia; Mal | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action.
Topics: Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; | 2001 |
[Type 2 diabetes. Regulating insulin according to need].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglyce | 2001 |
The effects of metformin and diet on plasma testosterone and leptin levels in obese men.
Topics: Adult; Body Constitution; Body Mass Index; Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabet | 2001 |
Are adult drugs cool for kids?
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Insulin; Male; Metformin; Retrospectiv | 2001 |
Metformin as a cause of late-onset chronic diarrhea.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diarrhea; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2001 |
Roundtable. Blueprint for conversion of patients on metformin and sulfonylurea to Glucovance.
Topics: Counseling; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glyburide; Huma | 2001 |
[Metabolism control in overweight type 2 diabetics. High metformin dosage brings more].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Obesity | 2001 |
[Thus to avoid complications of diabetes. To combine early].
Topics: Acarbose; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fasting; Humans; Hypo | 2001 |
Improved endothelial function with metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; Metformin; Vasodilation | 2001 |
[Some considerations on the Consensus of the Spanish Diabetes Society and the Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine on the criteria and guidelines for combined therapy for type 2 diabetes].
Topics: Acarbose; Blood Glucose; Community Medicine; Consensus Development Conferences as Topic; Controlled | 2001 |
[Info-Meeting. Pharmacologic prevention of the progression from impaired glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes: favorable effects of metformin and acarbose].
Topics: Acarbose; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Disease Progression; Exercise; Female; Gluco | 2001 |
Insulin-metformin combination therapy in obese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combi | 2002 |
Post-load hyperglycaemia-an inappropriate therapeutic target.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combi | 2002 |
Type 2 diabetes management.
Topics: Carbamates; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 2002 |
EMEA extends indications for metformin. A decision that relies on evidence-based medicine.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Europe; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Internation | 2001 |
Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children.
Topics: Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 2002 |
Evaluation of prescribing practices: risk of lactic acidosis with metformin therapy.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Contraindications; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, | 2002 |
Metformin and vitamin B12 deficiency.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Metformin; Middle Aged; Vitamin B 12 D | 2002 |
Hypoglycaemia induced by disopyramide in a patient with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Atrial Fibrillation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disopyramide; Drug The | 2001 |
[Metformin-associated lactic acidosis with acute renal failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; K | 2002 |
[Type 2 diabetes. How can the infarction risk be reduced?].
Topics: Acarbose; Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat | 2002 |
Adherence to prescribed oral hypoglycaemic medication in a population of patients with Type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; | 2002 |
Striving for a more active community. Lessons from the diabetes prevention program and beyond.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; Exercise; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Life Style | 2002 |
Preventing type 2 diabetes: lifestyle changes work better than drugs.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Exercise; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Placebo Effect; R | 2002 |
Getting an extension.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drugs, Generic; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Legislation, Drug; Metformin | 2002 |
[Effective reduction of the HbA1c level, fewer side effects. First fixed combination for type 2 diabetic patients].
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glyburide; Glycated | 2002 |
Autoantibodies in children with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adolescent; Autoantibodies; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Glutamate Decarboxylase; | 2002 |
Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Black People; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy | 2002 |
Implications of the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; D | 2000 |
Glucose-tolerance testing in acute myocardial infarction.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Myocardia | 2002 |
Summaries for patients. Metformin for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypogl | 2002 |
Should intravenous contrast be used in patients receiving metformin.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Contraindications; Contrast Media; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Emergencies; Humans; | 2002 |
Changes in treatment after the start of oral hypoglycaemic therapy in Type 2 diabetes: a population-based study.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Body Mass Index; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fol | 2002 |
[Fatal lactic acidosis due to metformin in a male with type 2 diabetes mellitus and dehydration. Comments about a patient information leaflet].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Dehydration; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Labeling; Emergencies; Humans; | 2002 |
Plasma t-PA and PAl-1 antigen concentrations in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients: effects of treatment modality on fibrinolysis.
Topics: Antigens; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female; Fibrinolys | 1992 |
Effect of bed time intermediate acting insulin in NIDDM subjects refractory to a combination of sulphonylureas and biguanides.
Topics: Biguanides; Blood Glucose; Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Female; Gli | 1992 |
Biguanide related lactic acidosis: incidence and risk factors.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biguanides; Contraindications; Diabete | 1992 |
[Median-term (4 months) treatment with glibenclamide + metformin substituting for glibenclamide + fenformin lowers the lacticemia levels in type-2 diabetics (NIDDM)].
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Evaluation; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; | 1992 |
Relationship between blood pressure and in vivo action of insulin in type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic subjects.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Femal | 1992 |
Combined metformin-sulfonylurea treatment of patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes in fair to poor glycemic control.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fatty Acids, | 1992 |
Glucose and lipid metabolism in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Effect of metformin.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Lipids; Metformin; Middle Aged | 1991 |
Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus with special reference to metformin therapy.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Insulin; Metformin; Sul | 1991 |
[The effect of diabeton and metformin on the free-radical oxidation processes and the structural characteristics of the phospholipid composition of the erythrocyte membranes in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Evaluation; Erythrocyte Membrane; Free Radicals; Humans; Hypoglycemi | 1991 |
Mechanism of metformin action in obese and lean noninsulin-dependent diabetic subjects.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female; Glucose; | 1991 |
Compliance in black patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus receiving oral hypoglycaemic therapy.
Topics: Aged; Black or African American; Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinatio | 1991 |
Diurnal pattern of plasma metformin concentrations and its relation to metabolic effects in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients.
Topics: Alanine; Blood Glucose; Butyrates; Butyric Acid; Circadian Rhythm; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycer | 1990 |
Improvement with metformin in insulin internalization and processing in monocytes from NIDDM patients.
Topics: Biological Transport; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Insulin; | 1990 |
Type 2 diabetes in the elderly: an assessment of metformin (metformin in the elderly).
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Insul | 1990 |
Grinspan's syndrome: a drug-induced phenomenon?
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Atenolol; Bendroflumethiazide; Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D | 1990 |
[Lactic acidosis in connection with metformin therapy].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Metformin | 1990 |
[Lactic acidosis associated with metformin].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Male; Metformin; Middle Aged | 1990 |
Effect of metformin on carbohydrate and lipoprotein metabolism in NIDDM patients.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Cholesterol Esters; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Nonesterifie | 1990 |
[Sulfonylurea compounds or biguanides in the treatment of type 2 diabetes?].
Topics: Aged; Animals; Biguanides; Cricetinae; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glyburi | 1989 |
Metformin in the management of type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin | 1989 |
[Evaluation of the late ineffectiveness of sulfonylurea derivatives in patients with diabetes mellitus hospitalized at the Gastroenterology and Metabolic Disease Clinic, Medical Academy, in Warsaw 1976-1987].
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Resistance; Drug Therapy, | 1989 |
Effects of metformin therapy on plasma amino acid pattern in patients with maturity-onset diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Amino Acids; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Re | 1989 |
Metformin efficacy and tolerance in obese non-insulin dependent diabetics: a comparison of two dosage schedules.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Tolerance; | 1989 |
A comparison of metformin versus guar in combination with sulphonylureas in the treatment of non insulin dependent diabetes.
Topics: Aged; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Galactans; Humans; | 1989 |
Platelet and endothelial function tests during metformin treatment in diabetes mellitus (short communication).
Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Aged; Antigens; beta-Thromboglobulin; Blood Platelets; Diabetes Mellit | 1985 |
Optimizing blood glucose control in type 2 diabetes: an approach based on fasting blood glucose measurements.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Fasting; Glycosuria; Humans; Hypoglycemic | 1988 |
Impaired beta-cell responses improve when fasting blood glucose concentration is reduced in non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose; H | 1988 |
[Secondary failure of oral antidiabetics. Value of intravenous insulin infusions].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy | 1986 |
[Physiopathological approach to pathological hyperlactatemia in the diabetic patient. Value of blood metformin].
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Female; Humans; Lac | 1987 |
Lactic acidosis due to metformin therapy in a low risk patient.
Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Acute Kidney Injury; Chlorpropamide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Me | 1988 |
Effects of improved glycaemic control on calcium and magnesium homeostasis in type II diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Calcium; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glipizide; Homeostasis; Huma | 1988 |
A comparison of treatment with metformin and gliclazide in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gliclazide; Humans; Insu | 1988 |
Energy expenditure in non-insulin dependent diabetic subjects on metformin or sulphonylurea therapy.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Energy Metabolism; Fatty Acids, Nonest | 1987 |
[Therapy of diabetes mellitus in "secondary failure of sulfonylurea compounds"].
Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Humans; Insulin; Metformin; Su | 1987 |
Mechanism of metformin action in non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
Topics: Amino Acids; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon; Glucose; Glucose Tolerance Test; Gl | 1987 |
[Glycometabolic effects of treatment with low-dose metformin].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose; Humans; Male; Metformin; Middle Aged | 1986 |
[Remission of insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD). Insulin requirements of non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDD). The role of oral antidiabetics and the value of metformin].
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Remiss | 1986 |
The effects of diabetes mellitus, exercise, and single doses of biguanides upon lactate metabolism in man.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise Test; Fasting; Female; Humans; Lacta | 1986 |
Mechanism of action of metformin: insulin receptor and postreceptor effects in vitro and in vivo.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; In V | 1986 |
Effect of metformin on peripheral insulin sensitivity in non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Hum | 1986 |
Plasma biguanide levels are correlated with metabolic effects in diabetic patients.
Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fe | 1987 |
[Therapeutic management of the secondary failure of sulfonylurea therapy].
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug The | 1985 |
Serum lipids and lipoproteins in middle-aged non-insulin-dependent diabetics.
Topics: Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Female; Humans; H | 1985 |
Improvement of insulin action is an important part of the antidiabetic effect of metformin.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Erythrocytes; Humans; Insulin; Metformin; Phenf | 1985 |
Metformin and the sulphonylureas: the comparative risk.
Topics: Acidosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Glyburide; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Metformin; | 1985 |
[Alteration of blood lactic acid levels in biguanide therapy in diabetics].
Topics: Biguanides; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Humans; Lactates; Lacti | 1985 |