Page last updated: 2024-10-30

metformin and Depression

metformin has been researched along with Depression in 46 studies

Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289)
metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.

Depression: Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"This study aimed at investigating the therapeutic effect and mechanism of pioglitazone metformin complex preparation (PM) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) comorbid psychological distress."9.34Pioglitazone Metformin Complex Improves Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Comorbid Psychological Distress via Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation: A Prospective Clinical Study. ( Guo, QJ; Hu, YY; Huang, Q; Huo, CL; Shan, J; Song, JY; Wang, CQ; Xu, YF; Yu, CQ; Zhou, H, 2020)
"Data on comparison of myo-inositol and metformin on mental health parameters and biomarkers of oxidative stress in subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are scarce."9.27Comparison of myo-inositol and metformin on mental health parameters and biomarkers of oxidative stress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. ( Afshar Ebrahimi, F; Asemi, Z; Bahmani, F; Foroozanfard, F; Jamilian, H; Jamilian, M, 2018)
"Emerging evidence showed metformin may have pleiotropic effects on ameliorating depression."8.12Association of metformin and depression in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Hu, Y; Qin, X; Wang, S; Wu, J; Wu, T; Wu, Y; Yang, R; Yu, H, 2022)
"Metformin attenuated the depression-like behaviors induced by CORT."8.02Metformin Attenuates the Metabolic Disturbance and Depression-like Behaviors Induced by Corticosterone and Mediates the Glucose Metabolism Pathway. ( Guan, Y; Guo, Y; Hao, Y; Huang, X; Lang, X; Li, Z; Tong, Y; Xie, X, 2021)
"Our findings suggest that metformin can produce antidepressant effects, which provides empirical insights into the clinical value of metformin in the prevention and therapy of depression."7.96Metformin ameliorates stress-induced depression-like behaviors via enhancing the expression of BDNF by activating AMPK/CREB-mediated histone acetylation. ( Chen, X; Dai, X; Fang, W; Hong, L; Huang, W; Ye, Q; Zhang, J, 2020)
"According to the data obtained, methamphetamine caused significant depression, anxiety, motor activity disturbances and cognition impairment in experimental animals."7.91Protective role of metformin against methamphetamine induced anxiety, depression, cognition impairment and neurodegeneration in rat: The role of CREB/BDNF and Akt/GSK3 signaling pathways. ( Karami, L; Kermanshahi, S; Keshavarzi, S; Motaghinejad, M; Motevalian, M; Sadr, S, 2019)
"We examine the effects of metformin on insulin resistance (IR) and mood including in adolescent and adult women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)."7.91A pilot trial of metformin for insulin resistance and mood disturbances in adolescent and adult women with polycystic ovary syndrome. ( Aghamohammadzadeh, N; Erensoy, H; Ghafarzadeh, S; Nader, ND; Niafar, M, 2019)
"Overweight status, poor physical capabilities and low activity level, and the presence of more than two additional illnesses were risk factors for depression in elderly diabetic patients, and metformin was a protective factor against depression in elderly diabetic patients."7.91Risk factors for depression in elderly diabetic patients and the effect of metformin on the condition. ( Chen, F; Huang, T; Liu, T; Ma, G; Wang, D; Wang, Y; Wei, G; Wei, Q, 2019)
"05), and in combination with sitagliptin (p < 0."5.91Metformin alone and in combination with sitagliptin induces depression and impairs quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: An observational study. ( Athar, M; Garg, A; Khan, MA; Kohli, S; Parveen, R; Vohora, D, 2023)
"However, the mechanisms and treatments for depression in AR remain underexplored."5.91Metformin Improves Comorbid Depressive Symptoms in Mice with Allergic Rhinitis by Reducing Olfactory Bulb Damage. ( Chen, S; Cong, J; Gao, Z; Guan, M; Liu, P; Lv, H; Wang, Y; Xie, Y; Xu, Y, 2023)
"In addition, the benefits of metformin treatment of depression have been documented in a range of rodent studies and human trials, but few studies have probed into the effect of metformin on and the related mechanism in depressed elderly mice, especially in those APOE4 carriers."5.72Metformin alleviates the depression-like behaviors of elderly apoE4 mice via improving glucose metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis. ( Chen, X; Dai, X; Lin, Y; Zhang, J, 2022)
"Oxandrolone (OXA) is an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) that is used to reverse weight loss associated with some medical conditions."5.62Metformin reduces oxandrolone- induced depression-like behavior in rats via modulating the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α. ( Abed, AF; Alfaraj, M; Hall, FS; Hammad, AM; Ibrahim, YA; Jarrar, Y; Khdair, SI, 2021)
"Metformin (25 mg/kg) was administered daily by oral gavage for 2 weeks."5.62Protective effect of metformin against ovariectomy induced depressive- and anxiety-like behaviours in rats: role of oxidative stress. ( Erdem, S; Ergenc, M; Ozacmak, VH; Sayan Özaçmak, H; Turan, I, 2021)
"Comorbid depression was induced by five inescapable foot-shocks (2mA, 2ms duration) at 10s intervals on days 1, 5, 7, and 10."5.46Metformin and ascorbic acid combination therapy ameliorates type 2 diabetes mellitus and comorbid depression in rats. ( Kumar, M; Nayak, PK; Shivavedi, N; Tej, GNVC, 2017)
"This study aimed at investigating the therapeutic effect and mechanism of pioglitazone metformin complex preparation (PM) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) comorbid psychological distress."5.34Pioglitazone Metformin Complex Improves Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Comorbid Psychological Distress via Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation: A Prospective Clinical Study. ( Guo, QJ; Hu, YY; Huang, Q; Huo, CL; Shan, J; Song, JY; Wang, CQ; Xu, YF; Yu, CQ; Zhou, H, 2020)
"Data on comparison of myo-inositol and metformin on mental health parameters and biomarkers of oxidative stress in subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are scarce."5.27Comparison of myo-inositol and metformin on mental health parameters and biomarkers of oxidative stress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. ( Afshar Ebrahimi, F; Asemi, Z; Bahmani, F; Foroozanfard, F; Jamilian, H; Jamilian, M, 2018)
"Secondary analysis of men (n=886) participating in the Diabetes Prevention Program which randomized glucose-intolerant, overweight men to ILS, metformin, or placebo between 1996 and 1999."5.22Testosterone and depressive symptoms among men in the Diabetes Prevention Program. ( Aroda, VR; Barrett-Connor, E; Bray, GA; Christophi, CA; Golden, SH; Horton, ES; Kim, C; Labrie, F; Mather, KJ; Pi-Sunyer, X, 2016)
"Diabetes Prevention Program participants in three treatment arms (intensive life style, metformin, placebo) were assessed for diabetes, glucose control, ADM use, and DS, measured using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)."5.20Depressive symptoms, antidepressant medication use, and new onset of diabetes in participants of the diabetes prevention program and the diabetes prevention program outcomes study. ( Barrett-Connor, E; Carnethon, MR; de Groot, M; Horton, ES; Knowler, WC; Ma, Y; Marrero, DG; Price, DW, 2015)
"DPP participants (n = 3,187) in three treatment arms (intensive lifestyle [ILS], metformin [MET], and placebo [PLB]) completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and reported their use of antidepressant medication at randomization and throughout the study (average duration in study 3."5.13Elevated depression symptoms, antidepressant medicine use, and risk of developing diabetes during the diabetes prevention program. ( Barrett-Connor, EL; Haffner, SM; Kahn, SE; Knowler, WC; Ma, Y; Marrero, DG; Peyrot, M; Price, DW; Rubin, RR, 2008)
"The use of metformin was associated with lower odds for symptoms of depression (OR 0."4.31Associations between the Use of Metformin and Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Patients with Alzheimer´s Disease, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - A Register-based Study. ( Kullenberg, H; Kumlin, M; Nyström, T; Svedberg, MM; Wibom, M, 2023)
"Linear regression models examined cross-sectional associations of baseline depression symptoms and diabetes distress with adherence to metformin, self-management, and HbA1c, adjusting for covariates."4.31Emotional distress, self-management, and glycemic control among participants enrolled in the glycemia reduction approaches in diabetes: A comparative effectiveness (GRADE) study. ( Bebu, I; Brown-Friday, J; Cherrington, A; Crespo-Ramos, G; Ehrmann, D; Gonzalez, JS; Hoogendoorn, CJ; Krause-Steinrauf, H; Naik, AD; Walker, E; Waltje, A, 2023)
"Emerging evidence showed metformin may have pleiotropic effects on ameliorating depression."4.12Association of metformin and depression in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Hu, Y; Qin, X; Wang, S; Wu, J; Wu, T; Wu, Y; Yang, R; Yu, H, 2022)
"Real-life population-based data suggest a positive effect of metformin on depression rates."3.96Antidiabetes Agents and Incident Depression: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. ( Berk, M; Ekstrøm, CT; Gerds, TA; Kessing, LV; Knop, FK; Rytgaard, HC, 2020)
"Our findings suggest that metformin can produce antidepressant effects, which provides empirical insights into the clinical value of metformin in the prevention and therapy of depression."3.96Metformin ameliorates stress-induced depression-like behaviors via enhancing the expression of BDNF by activating AMPK/CREB-mediated histone acetylation. ( Chen, X; Dai, X; Fang, W; Hong, L; Huang, W; Ye, Q; Zhang, J, 2020)
"Overweight status, poor physical capabilities and low activity level, and the presence of more than two additional illnesses were risk factors for depression in elderly diabetic patients, and metformin was a protective factor against depression in elderly diabetic patients."3.91Risk factors for depression in elderly diabetic patients and the effect of metformin on the condition. ( Chen, F; Huang, T; Liu, T; Ma, G; Wang, D; Wang, Y; Wei, G; Wei, Q, 2019)
"We examine the effects of metformin on insulin resistance (IR) and mood including in adolescent and adult women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)."3.91A pilot trial of metformin for insulin resistance and mood disturbances in adolescent and adult women with polycystic ovary syndrome. ( Aghamohammadzadeh, N; Erensoy, H; Ghafarzadeh, S; Nader, ND; Niafar, M, 2019)
"Metformin has a therapeutic benefit against CUMS-induced depression, which provides a new treatment for patients with diabetes mellitus complicated with depression."3.91[Effects of metformin on depressive behavior in chronic stress rats]. ( Cheng, X; Fan, M; Li, GF; Zhao, M; Zhao, T; Zhu, LL, 2019)
"According to the data obtained, methamphetamine caused significant depression, anxiety, motor activity disturbances and cognition impairment in experimental animals."3.91Protective role of metformin against methamphetamine induced anxiety, depression, cognition impairment and neurodegeneration in rat: The role of CREB/BDNF and Akt/GSK3 signaling pathways. ( Karami, L; Kermanshahi, S; Keshavarzi, S; Motaghinejad, M; Motevalian, M; Sadr, S, 2019)
"To evaluate the impact of depression on NASH through the involvement of JNK1 and to assess the effect of sitagliptin and metformin on hepatic JNK1 expression in both NASH and NASH associated with depression."3.85Potential involvement of JNK1 repression in the hepatic effect of sitagliptin and metformin in rats subjected to high fat diet and chronic mild distress. ( Abd-Elaziz, LF; Aboul-Fotouh, S; El-Kharashi, OA; Magdy, YM; Nabih, ES; Shaker, SM, 2017)
"To identify distinct temporal likelihoods of age-related comorbidity (ARC) diagnoses: cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancer, depression, dementia, and frailty-related diseases (FRD) in older men with type 2 diabetes (T2D) but ARC naïve initially, and assess the heterogeneous effects of metformin on ARCs and mortality."3.85Differential effects of metformin on age related comorbidities in older men with type 2 diabetes. ( Espinoza, SE; Habib, SL; Jo, B; Lorenzo, C; Wang, CP, 2017)
"Depression is the most known complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)."3.11Effect of aerobic exercise as a treatment on type 2 diabetes mellitus with depression-like behavior zebrafish. ( Fang, Y; Gu, X; He, Z; Hu, X; Jin, L; Liu, F; Ma, J; Sun, D; Wang, L; Wu, W; Yang, Q; Zhang, X, 2022)
"It is thought that it exerts its anti-cancer effect through the inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway."2.61The journey of metformin from glycaemic control to mTOR inhibition and the suppression of tumour growth. ( Amin, S; Lux, A; O'Callaghan, F, 2019)
"Depression is a common comorbidity in diabetes but conventional antidepressant treatments do not consistently improve outcomes."2.58Repositioning of diabetes treatments for depressive symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. ( Hopkins, CWP; Ismail, K; Moulton, CD; Stahl, D, 2018)
"Polycystic ovary syndrome is recognized as the most common hormonal and metabolic disorder likely to affect women."2.52[Evidence-based therapy of polycystic ovarian syndrome]. ( Csenteri, OK; Gődény, S, 2015)
"However, the mechanisms and treatments for depression in AR remain underexplored."1.91Metformin Improves Comorbid Depressive Symptoms in Mice with Allergic Rhinitis by Reducing Olfactory Bulb Damage. ( Chen, S; Cong, J; Gao, Z; Guan, M; Liu, P; Lv, H; Wang, Y; Xie, Y; Xu, Y, 2023)
"05), and in combination with sitagliptin (p < 0."1.91Metformin alone and in combination with sitagliptin induces depression and impairs quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: An observational study. ( Athar, M; Garg, A; Khan, MA; Kohli, S; Parveen, R; Vohora, D, 2023)
"In addition, the benefits of metformin treatment of depression have been documented in a range of rodent studies and human trials, but few studies have probed into the effect of metformin on and the related mechanism in depressed elderly mice, especially in those APOE4 carriers."1.72Metformin alleviates the depression-like behaviors of elderly apoE4 mice via improving glucose metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis. ( Chen, X; Dai, X; Lin, Y; Zhang, J, 2022)
"Among the patients who treat depression, about 50% do not show significant improvement due to the limited efficacy of the treatment."1.72Metformin and fluoxetine improve depressive-like behavior in a murine model of Parkinsońs disease through the modulation of neuroinflammation, neurogenesis and neuroplasticity. ( Costa, BLDSAD; Duarte-Silva, EP; Melo, MG; Mendonça, IP; Oliveira, WH; Paiva, IHR; Peixoto, CA; Silva, RSD, 2022)
"Depression was diagnosed in 2."1.72Depression and the risk of hospitalization in type 2 diabetes patients: A nested case-control study accounting for non-persistence to antidiabetic treatment. ( Demers, É; Guénette, L; Lunghi, C; Tardif, I; Zongo, A, 2022)
"Oxandrolone (OXA) is an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) that is used to reverse weight loss associated with some medical conditions."1.62Metformin reduces oxandrolone- induced depression-like behavior in rats via modulating the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α. ( Abed, AF; Alfaraj, M; Hall, FS; Hammad, AM; Ibrahim, YA; Jarrar, Y; Khdair, SI, 2021)
"Metformin (25 mg/kg) was administered daily by oral gavage for 2 weeks."1.62Protective effect of metformin against ovariectomy induced depressive- and anxiety-like behaviours in rats: role of oxidative stress. ( Erdem, S; Ergenc, M; Ozacmak, VH; Sayan Özaçmak, H; Turan, I, 2021)
"Comorbid depression was induced by five inescapable foot-shocks (2mA, 2ms duration) at 10s intervals on days 1, 5, 7, and 10."1.46Metformin and ascorbic acid combination therapy ameliorates type 2 diabetes mellitus and comorbid depression in rats. ( Kumar, M; Nayak, PK; Shivavedi, N; Tej, GNVC, 2017)

Research

Studies (46)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's3 (6.52)29.6817
2010's20 (43.48)24.3611
2020's23 (50.00)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Mendonça, IP1
Paiva, IHR1
Duarte-Silva, EP1
Melo, MG1
Silva, RSD1
Oliveira, WH1
Costa, BLDSAD1
Peixoto, CA1
Lin, Y1
Dai, X2
Zhang, J2
Chen, X3
Tardif, I1
Guénette, L1
Zongo, A1
Demers, É1
Lunghi, C1
Wium-Andersen, IK1
Osler, M1
Jørgensen, MB1
Rungby, J1
Wium-Andersen, MK1
Yang, J1
Zhang, Z1
Xie, Z1
Bai, L1
Xiong, P1
Chen, F2
Zhu, T1
Peng, Q1
Wu, H1
Zhou, Y1
Ma, Y3
Zhang, Y1
Chen, M1
Gao, J1
Tian, W1
Shi, K1
Du, Y1
Duan, Y1
Wang, H1
Xu, Y4
Kuang, YQ1
Zhu, M1
Yu, J1
Wang, K1
Wang, L1
Ma, J1
Wu, W1
Fang, Y1
Liu, F1
Yang, Q1
Hu, X1
Gu, X1
He, Z1
Sun, D1
Jin, L1
Zhang, X1
Yu, H1
Yang, R1
Wu, J1
Wang, S1
Qin, X1
Wu, T1
Hu, Y1
Wu, Y1
Athar, M2
Garg, A2
Khan, MA2
Parveen, R2
Kohli, S2
Vohora, D2
Gonzalez, JS1
Krause-Steinrauf, H1
Bebu, I1
Crespo-Ramos, G1
Hoogendoorn, CJ1
Naik, AD1
Waltje, A1
Walker, E1
Ehrmann, D1
Brown-Friday, J1
Cherrington, A1
Kullenberg, H1
Wibom, M1
Kumlin, M1
Nyström, T1
Svedberg, MM1
Lv, H2
Gao, Z2
Wang, Y3
Chen, S1
Liu, P1
Xie, Y2
Guan, M2
Cong, J1
Wei, G1
Liu, T1
Huang, T1
Wei, Q1
Ma, G1
Wang, D1
Fang, W1
Hong, L1
Huang, W1
Ye, Q1
Yang, S1
Hao, Y2
Meng, X1
Guo, QJ1
Shan, J1
Xu, YF1
Hu, YY1
Huo, CL1
Song, JY1
Wang, CQ1
Zhou, H1
Yu, CQ1
Huang, Q1
Nesci, V1
Russo, E1
Arcidiacono, B1
Citraro, R1
Tallarico, M1
Constanti, A1
Brunetti, A1
De Sarro, G1
Leo, A1
El Massry, M1
Alaeddine, LM1
Ali, L1
Saad, C1
Eid, AA1
Woo, YS1
Lim, HK1
Wang, SM1
Bahk, WM1
Kessing, LV1
Rytgaard, HC1
Ekstrøm, CT1
Knop, FK1
Berk, M1
Gerds, TA1
Tong, Y1
Guo, Y1
Lang, X1
Huang, X1
Xie, X1
Guan, Y1
Li, Z1
Turan, I1
Sayan Özaçmak, H1
Erdem, S1
Ergenc, M1
Ozacmak, VH1
Hammad, AM1
Ibrahim, YA1
Khdair, SI1
Hall, FS1
Alfaraj, M1
Jarrar, Y1
Abed, AF1
Moulton, CD2
Rokakis, AS1
Pickup, JC1
Young, AH1
Stahl, D2
Ismail, K2
Shivavedi, N1
Kumar, M1
Tej, GNVC1
Nayak, PK1
Jamilian, H1
Jamilian, M1
Foroozanfard, F1
Afshar Ebrahimi, F1
Bahmani, F1
Asemi, Z1
Hopkins, CWP1
Erensoy, H1
Niafar, M1
Ghafarzadeh, S1
Aghamohammadzadeh, N1
Nader, ND1
Amin, S1
Lux, A1
O'Callaghan, F1
Liu, W2
Liu, J1
Huang, Z1
Cui, Z1
Li, L1
Qi, Z1
Keshavarzi, S1
Kermanshahi, S1
Karami, L1
Motaghinejad, M1
Motevalian, M1
Sadr, S1
Zemdegs, J1
Martin, H1
Pintana, H1
Bullich, S1
Manta, S1
Marqués, MA1
Moro, C1
Layé, S1
Ducrocq, F1
Chattipakorn, N1
Chattipakorn, SC1
Rampon, C1
Pénicaud, L1
Fioramonti, X1
Guiard, BP1
Li, GF1
Zhao, M1
Zhao, T1
Cheng, X1
Fan, M1
Zhu, LL1
Guo, M1
Mi, J1
Jiang, QM1
Xu, JM1
Tang, YY1
Tian, G1
Wang, B1
Marrero, DG2
de Groot, M1
Horton, ES2
Price, DW2
Barrett-Connor, E2
Carnethon, MR1
Knowler, WC2
Gődény, S1
Csenteri, OK1
Katz, LL1
Anderson, BJ1
McKay, SV1
Izquierdo, R1
Casey, TL1
Higgins, LA1
Wauters, A1
Hirst, K1
Nadeau, KJ1
Kim, C1
Aroda, VR1
Mather, KJ1
Christophi, CA1
Pi-Sunyer, X1
Bray, GA1
Labrie, F1
Golden, SH1
Krysiak, R1
Drosdzol-Cop, A1
Skrzypulec-Plinta, V1
Okopień, B1
Magdy, YM1
El-Kharashi, OA1
Nabih, ES1
Shaker, SM1
Abd-Elaziz, LF1
Aboul-Fotouh, S1
Aswar, U1
Chepurwar, S1
Shintre, S1
Aswar, M1
Wang, CP1
Lorenzo, C1
Habib, SL1
Jo, B1
Espinoza, SE1
Wagner, J1
Allen, NA1
Swalley, LM1
Melkus, GD1
Whittemore, R1
Moll, E1
van Wely, M1
Lambalk, CB1
Bossuyt, PM1
van der Veen, F1
Rubin, RR1
Peyrot, M1
Barrett-Connor, EL1
Kahn, SE1
Haffner, SM1
Aylwin, S1
Al-Zaman, Y1

Clinical Trials (5)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
A Multi-center, Prospective, Cohort Study to Elucidate the Effects of Metformin Treatment on Steroid Hormones and Social Behavior. Linking Autistic Behaviorial Symptoms to Changes in Steroid Hormone Availability[NCT04930471]45 participants (Anticipated)Observational2021-06-30Not yet recruiting
[NCT00004992]Phase 33,234 participants (Actual)Interventional1996-07-31Completed
Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study[NCT00038727]Phase 32,779 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-09-30Active, not recruiting
Studies to Treat Or Prevent Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes (STOPP-T2D) Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) Clinical Trial[NCT00081328]Phase 3699 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-05-31Completed
Is the Co-administration of Metformine and CC as Compared to Placebo and CC Superior to Induce Ovulation in PCOS Patients With a Confirmed insulin-resistant-a Double Blind Randomized Clinical Trial[NCT02523898]Phase 2388 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-11-30Enrolling by invitation
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Development of Diabetes.

Primary outcome for years 2002-2008 defined according to American Diabetes Association criteria (fasting plasma glucose level >= 126 mg/dL [7.0 mmol/L] or 2-hour plasma glucose >= 200 mg/dL [11.1 mmol/L], after a 75 gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and confirmed with a repeat test). (NCT00038727)
Timeframe: Outcomes were assessed from 1996-2008 (approximately 12 years including 6 years of DPP).

Interventiondiabetes incidence (cases per 100 person (Number)
1 Original Lifestyle5.3
2 Original Metformin6.4
3 Original Placebo7.8

Mortality

All cause-mortality through clinic reports and National Death Index search (NCT00038727)
Timeframe: Outcomes were assessed throughout follow-up from 1996 to 2022. National Death Index search conducted in 2019 using early release data as of Dec 2018.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
1 Original Lifestyle158
2 Original Metformin152
3 Original Placebo143

Prevalence of Aggregate Microvascular Complication

Aggregate microvascular disease is defined as the average prevalence of 3 components: (1) retinopathy measured by photography (ETDRS of 20 or greater); (2) neuropathy detected by Semmes Weinstein 10 gram monofilament, and (3) nephropathy based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR by chronic kidney disease (CKD-Epi) equation ) (<45 ml/min, confirmed) and albumin-to-creatinine ratio in spot urine (> 30mg/gm, confirmed). (NCT00038727)
Timeframe: Outcomes were assessed from 2012-2013 (approximately 2 years).

Interventionaverage percentage of participants (Number)
1 Original Lifestyle11.3
2 Original Metformin13
3 Original Placebo12.4

Subclinical Atherosclerosis

Measured using coronary artery calcification (CAC). (NCT00038727)
Timeframe: Outcomes were assessed from 2012-2013 (approximately 2 years).

,,
InterventionCAC geometric mean in AU (Geometric Mean)
MenWomen
1 Original Lifestyle70.16.0
2 Original Metformin40.26.1
3 Original Placebo63.75.3

Body Composition -- BMI

Body mass index (BMI) measured in kg per meters squared. The analysis sample includes only participants with 24 month data who had not experienced the primary outcome by that time. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: 24 months

Interventionkg per meters squared (Mean)
1 Metformin Alone36.7
2 Metformin + Rosliglitazone38.2
3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program35.3

Body Composition -- Bone Density

Measured by DXA, both whole body scan and AP-spine scan. The analysis sample includes only participants with 24 month data who had not experienced the primary outcome by that time. In addition, in about 1/3 of participants DXA scans could not be obtained on participants weighing more than 300 pounds (136 kg), the upper limit in size set by the machine manufacturers. Scans were considered invalid if a body part (e.g., arm, leg) was completely off or partially off the scanner, there was hand-hip overlap, or there was motion or movement during the scan. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: 24 months

Interventiong/cm squared (Mean)
1 Metformin Alone1.15
2 Metformin + Rosliglitazone1.15
3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program1.15

Body Composition -- Fat Mass

Determined by DXA whole body scan. The analysis sample includes only participants with 24 month data who had not experienced the primary outcome by that time. In addition, in about 1/3 of participants DXA scans could not be obtained on participants weighing more than 300 pounds (136 kg), the upper limit in size set by the machine manufacturers. Scans were considered invalid if a body part (e.g., arm, leg) was completely off or partially off the scanner, there was hand-hip overlap, or there was motion or movement during the scan. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: 24 months

Interventionkg (Mean)
1 Metformin Alone36.1
2 Metformin + Rosliglitazone39.7
3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program32.2

Body Composition -- Waist Circumference

Waist circumference (cm) measured at the iliac crest at its outermost point with the measuring tape placed around the participant in a horizontal plane parallel to the floor at the mark and the measurement teken at the end of normal expiration without the tape compressing the skin. The analysis sample includes only participants with 24 month data who had not experienced the primary outcome by that time. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: 24 months

Interventioncm (Mean)
1 Metformin Alone110.8
2 Metformin + Rosliglitazone114.0
3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program108.6

Comorbidity -- Hypertension

A diagnosis was made by an out-of-range value >=95th percentile or systolic >=130 or diastolic >=80 sustained over 6 months or on an anti-hypertensive medication. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: Data collected at baseline and during follow-up - 2 years to 6.5 years from randomization.

Interventionparticipants (Number)
1 Metformin Alone57
2 Metformin + Rosliglitazone53
3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program45

Comorbidity -- LDL Dyslipidemia

A diagnosis was made from out-of-range value >= 130 mg/dL sustained over 6 months or put on lipid lowering medication. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: Data collected at baseline and during follow-up - 2 years to 6.5 years from randomization.

Interventionparticipants (Number)
1 Metformin Alone18
2 Metformin + Rosliglitazone16
3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program15

Comorbidity -- Triglycerides Dyslipidemia

A diagnosis was made by an out-of-range value >=150 mg/dL sustained over 6 months or on appropriate lipid lowering medication. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: Data collected at baseline and during follow-up - 2 years to 6.5 years from randomization.

Interventionparticipants (Number)
1 Metformin Alone20
2 Metformin + Rosliglitazone28
3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program22

Insulin Secretion

Insulinogenic index determined from OGTT as difference in insulin at 30 minutes minus 0 minutes divided by difference in glucose at 30 minutes minus 0 minutes. The analysis sample includes only participants with 24 month data who had not experienced the primary outcome by that time. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: 24 months

InterventionuU/mL divided by mg/dL (Median)
1 Metformin Alone.75
2 Metformin + Rosliglitazone.83
3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program.71

Insulin Sensitivity

All participants were followed to 24 months. Insulin sensitivity is measured from OGTT as inverse of fasting insulin (mL/uU). The analysis sample includes only participants with 24 month data who had not experienced the primary outcome by that time. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: 24 months

InterventionmL/uU (Median)
1 Metformin Alone0.037
2 Metformin + Rosiglitazone0.049
3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program0.039

Number of Serious Adverse Events

Number of serious adverse events reported during the trial. Participant could have multiple episodes reported. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: Reported as occurred during study follow-up - 2 years to 6.5 years from randomization.

Interventionepisodes of serious adverse event (Number)
1 Metformin Alone42
2 Metformin + Rosiglitazone34
3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program58

Treatment Failure (Loss of Glycemic Control)

Defined as A1c persistently >=8% over a 6-month period or persistent metabolic decompensation (inability to wean insulin within 3 months of initiation or the occurrence of a second episode within three months of discontinuing insulin) (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: Study duration - 2 years to 6.5 years of follow up from randomization

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Treatment failureDid not fail treatment during trial
1 Metformin Alone120112
2 Metformin + Rosliglitazone90143
3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program109125

Reviews

6 reviews available for metformin and Depression

ArticleYear
Metformin: A Growing Journey from Glycemic Control to the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease and Depression.
    Current medicinal chemistry, 2021, Volume: 28, Issue:12

    Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycemic Control; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age

2021
Clinical Evidence of Antidepressant Effects of Insulin and Anti-Hyperglycemic Agents and Implications for the Pathophysiology of Depression-A Literature Review.
    International journal of molecular sciences, 2020, Sep-22, Volume: 21, Issue:18

    Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Huma

2020
Repositioning of diabetes treatments for depressive symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.
    Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2018, Volume: 94

    Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Blood Glucose; Clinical Trials as Topic; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus

2018
The journey of metformin from glycaemic control to mTOR inhibition and the suppression of tumour growth.
    British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2019, Volume: 85, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cell Line, Tumor; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cogniti

2019
[Evidence-based therapy of polycystic ovarian syndrome].
    Orvosi hetilap, 2015, Nov-08, Volume: 156, Issue:45

    Topics: Amenorrhea; Androgen Antagonists; Anovulation; Anti-Obesity Agents; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Contrace

2015
Emerging concepts in the medical and surgical treatment of obesity.
    Frontiers of hormone research, 2008, Volume: 36

    Topics: Adipose Tissue; Amyloid; Anticonvulsants; Antidepressive Agents; Anxiety; Appetite Regulation; Baria

2008

Trials

11 trials available for metformin and Depression

ArticleYear
Effect of aerobic exercise as a treatment on type 2 diabetes mellitus with depression-like behavior zebrafish.
    Life sciences, 2022, Jul-01, Volume: 300

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Metformin; Zebrafish

2022
Pioglitazone Metformin Complex Improves Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Comorbid Psychological Distress via Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation: A Prospective Clinical Study.
    Mediators of inflammation, 2020, Volume: 2020

    Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Comorbidity; Depression; Female; Humans; Inflammasomes; Metformin; NLR Family, Pyrin

2020
SITAgliptin for Depressive Symptoms in Type 2 Diabetes: A Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial.
    Psychosomatic medicine, 2021, 10-01, Volume: 83, Issue:8

    Topics: Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Feasibility S

2021
Comparison of myo-inositol and metformin on mental health parameters and biomarkers of oxidative stress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynaecology, 2018, Volume: 39, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Biomarkers; Depression; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; In

2018
Metformin may produce antidepressant effects through improvement of cognitive function among depressed patients with diabetes mellitus.
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology, 2014, Volume: 41, Issue:9

    Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Cognition; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method;

2014
Depressive symptoms, antidepressant medication use, and new onset of diabetes in participants of the diabetes prevention program and the diabetes prevention program outcomes study.
    Psychosomatic medicine, 2015, Volume: 77, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag

2015
Depressive symptoms, antidepressant medication use, and new onset of diabetes in participants of the diabetes prevention program and the diabetes prevention program outcomes study.
    Psychosomatic medicine, 2015, Volume: 77, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag

2015
Depressive symptoms, antidepressant medication use, and new onset of diabetes in participants of the diabetes prevention program and the diabetes prevention program outcomes study.
    Psychosomatic medicine, 2015, Volume: 77, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag

2015
Depressive symptoms, antidepressant medication use, and new onset of diabetes in participants of the diabetes prevention program and the diabetes prevention program outcomes study.
    Psychosomatic medicine, 2015, Volume: 77, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag

2015
Correlates of Medication Adherence in the TODAY Cohort of Youth With Type 2 Diabetes.
    Diabetes care, 2016, Volume: 39, Issue:11

    Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Cohort Studies; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty

2016
Testosterone and depressive symptoms among men in the Diabetes Prevention Program.
    Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2016, Volume: 72

    Topics: Adult; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus; Follow-Up Studies; Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Humans; Hypog

2016
Sexual Functioning and Depressive Symptoms in Women with Diabetes and Prediabetes Receiving Metformin Therapy: A Pilot Study.
    Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association, 2017, Volume: 125, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Coitus; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Metformin; Prediabetic State

2017
Health-related quality of life in women with newly diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome randomized between clomifene citrate plus metformin or clomifene citrate plus placebo.
    Human reproduction (Oxford, England), 2012, Volume: 27, Issue:11

    Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Clomiphene; Depression; Double-Blind Method; Female; Fertility Agents, Female; Human

2012
Elevated depression symptoms, antidepressant medicine use, and risk of developing diabetes during the diabetes prevention program.
    Diabetes care, 2008, Volume: 31, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Li

2008

Other Studies

29 other studies available for metformin and Depression

ArticleYear
Metformin and fluoxetine improve depressive-like behavior in a murine model of Parkinsońs disease through the modulation of neuroinflammation, neurogenesis and neuroplasticity.
    International immunopharmacology, 2022, Volume: 102

    Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Blotting, Western; Depression; Drug Therapy, Comb

2022
Metformin alleviates the depression-like behaviors of elderly apoE4 mice via improving glucose metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis.
    Behavioural brain research, 2022, 04-09, Volume: 423

    Topics: Aging; Animals; Apolipoprotein E3; Apolipoprotein E4; Behavior, Animal; Depression; Disease Models,

2022
Depression and the risk of hospitalization in type 2 diabetes patients: A nested case-control study accounting for non-persistence to antidiabetic treatment.
    Diabetes & metabolism, 2022, Volume: 48, Issue:4

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Case-Control Studies; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hospitalizatio

2022
Diabetes, antidiabetic medications and risk of depression - A population-based cohort and nested case-control study.
    Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2022, Volume: 140

    Topics: Case-Control Studies; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glu

2022
Metformin modulates microbiota-derived inosine and ameliorates methamphetamine-induced anxiety and depression-like withdrawal symptoms in mice.
    Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 2022, Volume: 149

    Topics: Amphetamine-Related Disorders; Animals; Anxiety; Depression; Inosine; Metformin; Methamphetamine; Mi

2022
Association of metformin and depression in patients with type 2 diabetes.
    Journal of affective disorders, 2022, 12-01, Volume: 318

    Topics: Cohort Studies; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; Human

2022
Metformin alone and in combination with sitagliptin induces depression and impairs quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: An observational study.
    International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2023, Volume: 61, Issue:3

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Thera

2023
Metformin alone and in combination with sitagliptin induces depression and impairs quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: An observational study.
    International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2023, Volume: 61, Issue:3

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Thera

2023
Metformin alone and in combination with sitagliptin induces depression and impairs quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: An observational study.
    International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2023, Volume: 61, Issue:3

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Thera

2023
Metformin alone and in combination with sitagliptin induces depression and impairs quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: An observational study.
    International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2023, Volume: 61, Issue:3

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Drug Thera

2023
Emotional distress, self-management, and glycemic control among participants enrolled in the glycemia reduction approaches in diabetes: A comparative effectiveness (GRADE) study.
    Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2023, Volume: 196

    Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; G

2023
Associations between the Use of Metformin and Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Patients with Alzheimer´s Disease, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - A Register-based Study.
    Current Alzheimer research, 2023, Volume: 20, Issue:2

    Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

2023
Metformin Improves Comorbid Depressive Symptoms in Mice with Allergic Rhinitis by Reducing Olfactory Bulb Damage.
    Neurochemical research, 2023, Volume: 48, Issue:12

    Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Metformin; Mice; Olfacto

2023
TET2 deficiency promotes anxiety and depression-like behaviors by activating NLRP3/IL-1β pathway in microglia of allergic rhinitis mice.
    Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.), 2023, Nov-27, Volume: 29, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Depression; Dioxygenases; DNA-Binding Proteins; Inflammasomes; Metformin; Mice; Mi

2023
Risk factors for depression in elderly diabetic patients and the effect of metformin on the condition.
    BMC public health, 2019, Aug-07, Volume: 19, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male

2019
Metformin ameliorates stress-induced depression-like behaviors via enhancing the expression of BDNF by activating AMPK/CREB-mediated histone acetylation.
    Journal of affective disorders, 2020, 01-01, Volume: 260

    Topics: Acetylation; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Brain-Derived Neurotroph

2020
Effects of metformin on lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behavior in mice and its mechanisms.
    Neuroreport, 2020, 03-04, Volume: 31, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Depression; Inflammation; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Metformin; Mice; Mic

2020
Metabolic Alterations Predispose to Seizure Development in High-Fat Diet-Treated Mice: the Role of Metformin.
    Molecular neurobiology, 2020, Volume: 57, Issue:11

    Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Avoidance Learning; Behavior, Animal; Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Depression;

2020
Antidiabetes Agents and Incident Depression: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.
    Diabetes care, 2020, Volume: 43, Issue:12

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antidepressive Agents; Denmark; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type

2020
Metformin Attenuates the Metabolic Disturbance and Depression-like Behaviors Induced by Corticosterone and Mediates the Glucose Metabolism Pathway.
    Pharmacopsychiatry, 2021, Volume: 54, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Chromatography, Liquid; Corticosterone; Depression; Glucose; Humans; Metformin; Rats; Tande

2021
Protective effect of metformin against ovariectomy induced depressive- and anxiety-like behaviours in rats: role of oxidative stress.
    Neuroreport, 2021, 05-19, Volume: 32, Issue:8

    Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Blood Glucose; Depression; Female; Glutathione; Hippocampus; Malondialdehyde; Metf

2021
Metformin reduces oxandrolone- induced depression-like behavior in rats via modulating the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α.
    Behavioural brain research, 2021, 09-24, Volume: 414

    Topics: Anabolic Agents; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Behavior, Animal; Cytokines; Depression; Disease

2021
Metformin and ascorbic acid combination therapy ameliorates type 2 diabetes mellitus and comorbid depression in rats.
    Brain research, 2017, Nov-01, Volume: 1674

    Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Biogenic Monoamines; Blood Glucose; Comorbidity; Corticosterone; Cytokines;

2017
A pilot trial of metformin for insulin resistance and mood disturbances in adolescent and adult women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
    Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology, 2019, Volume: 35, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anxiety; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Depression; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic

2019
Possible role of GLP-1 in antidepressant effects of metformin and exercise in CUMS mice.
    Journal of affective disorders, 2019, 03-01, Volume: 246

    Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Corticosterone; Depression; Depressive D

2019
Protective role of metformin against methamphetamine induced anxiety, depression, cognition impairment and neurodegeneration in rat: The role of CREB/BDNF and Akt/GSK3 signaling pathways.
    Neurotoxicology, 2019, Volume: 72

    Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cognitive Dy

2019
Metformin Promotes Anxiolytic and Antidepressant-Like Responses in Insulin-Resistant Mice by Decreasing Circulating Branched-Chain Amino Acids.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2019, 07-24, Volume: 39, Issue:30

    Topics: Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Antidepressive Agents; Anxiety; Depressio

2019
[Effects of metformin on depressive behavior in chronic stress rats].
    Zhongguo ying yong sheng li xue za zhi = Zhongguo yingyong shenglixue zazhi = Chinese journal of applied physiology, 2019, May-28, Volume: 35, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Depression; Hippocampus; Male; Metformin; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; St

2019
Potential involvement of JNK1 repression in the hepatic effect of sitagliptin and metformin in rats subjected to high fat diet and chronic mild distress.
    Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 2017, Volume: 85

    Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Biomarkers; Chronic Disease; Depression; Diet, High-Fat; Disease Models,

2017
Telmisartan attenuates diabetes induced depression in rats.
    Pharmacological reports : PR, 2017, Volume: 69, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Benzimidazoles; Benzoates; Brain; Depress

2017
Differential effects of metformin on age related comorbidities in older men with type 2 diabetes.
    Journal of diabetes and its complications, 2017, Volume: 31, Issue:4

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Comorbidity; Dementia; Depr

2017
Depression, depression treatment, and insulin sensitivity in adults at risk for type 2 diabetes.
    Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2009, Volume: 86, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Antidepressive Agents; Connecticut; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type

2009