mesalamine and Crohn Disease studies

Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed)
mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.

Crohn Disease: A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"To observe the maintenance effect of polyglycosides of Tripterygium wilfordii (GTW) on remission in postoperative Crohn disease (CD)."	9.14	[Maintenance effect of polyglycosides of Tripterygium wilfordii on remission in postoperative Crohn disease]. ( Ji, ZL; Jiang, XH; Li, JS; Ren, JA; Tao, QS; Wang, XB, 2009)
"Ninety-four patients with Crohn's ileitis (Crohn's Disease Activity Index [CDAI], 180-350) were randomly assigned to receive for 12 weeks mesalamine tablets, 4 g (35 patients); mesalamine microgranular preparation, 4 g (28 patients); and 6-methylprednisolone, 40 mg (31 patients)."	9.09	Mesalamine in the treatment of mild to moderate active Crohn's ileitis: results of a randomized, multicenter trial. ( Annese, V; Bianchi Porro, G; Cerutti, R; Cottone, M; Franzè, A; Pallone, F; Prantera, C, 1999)
"Mesalamine is a common treatment for Crohn's disease, and can be rarely associated with myocarditis through a mechanism of drug hypersensitivity."	7.79	Mesalamine-induced myocarditis following diagnosis of Crohn's disease: a case report. ( Arantes, C; Correia, A; Galvão Braga, C; Magalhães, S; Martins, J; Ramos, V; Salgado, A; Vieira, C, 2013)
"This was a cross-sectional study of 51 pediatric patients with Crohn disease who were prescribed maintenance therapy with a thiopurine immunomodulator (6-mercaptopurine or azathioprine) and/or mesalamine during a 180-day period."	7.74	Nonadherence with thiopurine immunomodulator and mesalamine medications in children with Crohn disease. ( Abadom, V; Cuffari, C; Oliva-Hemker, MM; Thompson, RE, 2007)
" But because immunohistological examination of the small and large intestinal mucosa had demonstrated herpes simplex virus (HSV I + II) DNA, additional treatment with acyclovir appeared worth-while."	7.68	[Herpes simplex-associated exacerbation of Crohn's disease. Successful treatment with acyclovir]. ( Bader, H; Gförer, S; Jipp, P; Müller, HA; Nunnensiek, C; Rupp, W; Rüther, U; Stilz, S, 1992)
"Myocarditis is recognised as a very rare possible side effect of these medications, but has not often been described in the paediatric population."	5.42	Mesalamine-induced myopericarditis in a paediatric patient with Crohn's disease. ( Cross, RR; Nair, AG, 2015)
"Interstitial nephritis is a recognized side effect."	5.31	Interstitial nephritis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with mesalamine. ( Alexopoulou, I; Churchill, DN; Margetts, PJ, 2001)
"To observe the maintenance effect of polyglycosides of Tripterygium wilfordii (GTW) on remission in postoperative Crohn disease (CD)."	5.14	[Maintenance effect of polyglycosides of Tripterygium wilfordii on remission in postoperative Crohn disease]. ( Ji, ZL; Jiang, XH; Li, JS; Ren, JA; Tao, QS; Wang, XB, 2009)
"Ninety-four patients with Crohn's ileitis (Crohn's Disease Activity Index [CDAI], 180-350) were randomly assigned to receive for 12 weeks mesalamine tablets, 4 g (35 patients); mesalamine microgranular preparation, 4 g (28 patients); and 6-methylprednisolone, 40 mg (31 patients)."	5.09	Mesalamine in the treatment of mild to moderate active Crohn's ileitis: results of a randomized, multicenter trial. ( Annese, V; Bianchi Porro, G; Cerutti, R; Cottone, M; Franzè, A; Pallone, F; Prantera, C, 1999)
"Data from both basic research and clinical experience continue to suggest that mesalamines and thiopurines are effective and efficient for the maintenance of remission of inflammatory bowel diseases."	4.85	Individually administered or co-prescribed thiopurines and mesalamines for inflammatory bowel disease. ( Actis, GC; Ayoubi, M; Leone, N; Pazienza, P; Pellicano, R; Rizzetto, M; Rosina, F; Tappero, G, 2009)
"We report a rare case of chronic paracoccidioidomycosis(PCM) in a woman with Crohn disease in the setting of treatment with azathioprine and mesalazine."	3.85	Chronic paracoccidioidmycosis in a woman with Crohn Disease. ( Augusto Benevenuto de Andrade, B; Bufalino, A; Caxias Travassos, D; Fernandes, D; Tavares Dos Santos, H, 2017)
" Because the patient was allergic to mesalazine, adalimumab (ADA) was used as maintenance therapy during pregnancy, following prednisolone as remission induction therapy."	3.79	Maintenance of the remission stage of Crohn's disease with adalimumab therapy during pregnancy. ( Ebi, M; Joh, T; Kamiya, T; Katano, T; Kataoka, H; Mizoshita, T; Mori, Y; Ozeki, K; Tanida, S; Tsukamoto, H, 2013)
"Mesalamine is a common treatment for Crohn's disease, and can be rarely associated with myocarditis through a mechanism of drug hypersensitivity."	3.79	Mesalamine-induced myocarditis following diagnosis of Crohn's disease: a case report. ( Arantes, C; Correia, A; Galvão Braga, C; Magalhães, S; Martins, J; Ramos, V; Salgado, A; Vieira, C, 2013)
"In the acute treatment of Crohn's disease, Pentasa and Salofalk seem to be more effective than placebo."	3.76	Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid preparations in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. An update. ( Martin, F, 1987)
" The knowledge of the pharmacokinetic properties of 5-ASA from different drug formulations might contribute to a better understanding of its mode of action in IBD."	3.76	Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of 5-aminosalicylic acid. ( Klotz, U; Maier, KE, 1987)
"The drug is useful in the treatment of active ulcerative colitis as well as in preventing relapses of the disease in remission."	3.75	Sulfasalazine. Pharmacology, clinical use, toxicity, and related new drug development. ( Peppercorn, MA, 1984)
"This was a cross-sectional study of 51 pediatric patients with Crohn disease who were prescribed maintenance therapy with a thiopurine immunomodulator (6-mercaptopurine or azathioprine) and/or mesalamine during a 180-day period."	3.74	Nonadherence with thiopurine immunomodulator and mesalamine medications in children with Crohn disease. ( Abadom, V; Cuffari, C; Oliva-Hemker, MM; Thompson, RE, 2007)
"A 27-year-old man with Crohn disease developed a rash while taking mesalamine (Pentasa and Asacol)."	3.73	Lack of cross-reactivity between 5-aminosalicylic acid-based drugs: a case report and review of the literature. ( Choudhary, C; Cohn, JR; Kung, SJ; McGeady, SJ, 2006)
" But because immunohistological examination of the small and large intestinal mucosa had demonstrated herpes simplex virus (HSV I + II) DNA, additional treatment with acyclovir appeared worth-while."	3.68	[Herpes simplex-associated exacerbation of Crohn's disease. Successful treatment with acyclovir]. ( Bader, H; Gförer, S; Jipp, P; Müller, HA; Nunnensiek, C; Rupp, W; Rüther, U; Stilz, S, 1992)
"An example of acute pancreatitis developing five weeks after initial treatment with 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and methylprednisolone for severe Crohn's disease is reported in a 37 year old female patient."	3.68	Acute pancreatitis complicating Crohn's disease: mere coincidence or causality? ( Hüppe, D; May, B; Micklefield, GH; Schwegler, U; Tromm, A, 1992)
"Despite the extensive use of sulfasalazine (SAS) and/or 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and, more recently, rheumatoid arthritis, their mode of action has not been elucidated so far."	3.67	Possible mode of action of 5-aminosalicylic acid. ( Dreyling, KW; Goebell, H; May, B; Peskar, BM; Schaarschmidt, K, 1987)
" Epidemiologic studies suggest that long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including mesalazine, has beneficial effects on colitis-associated colorectal cancer."	3.01	Molecular Mechanisms of the Antitumor Effects of Mesalazine and Its Preventive Potential in Colorectal Cancer. ( Madej, M; Strzalka-Mrozik, B; Słoka, J, 2023)
"The recurrence of Crohn's Disease after ileo-colonic resection is a crucial issue."	2.94	Azathioprine for prevention of clinical recurrence in Crohn's disease patients with severe endoscopic recurrence: an IG-IBD randomized double-blind trial. ( Angelucci, E; Annese, V; Aratari, A; Biancone, L; Bossa, F; Cappello, M; Castiglione, F; Cottone, M; Di Mitri, R; Giunta, M; Kohn, A; Macaluso, FS; Mocciaro, F; Onali, S; Orlando, A; Papi, C; Renna, S; Rispo, A; Scimeca, D; Scribano, ML; Testa, A; Ventimiglia, M, 2020)
"A final diagnosis, however, indicated ulcerative colitis in 10 children and Crohn disease in 2 children."	2.87	Granulocyte and Monocyte Apheresis for Induction of Remission in Children With New-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Colitis. ( Eberhardson, M; Fagerberg, UL; Finkel, Y; Rolandsdotter, H, 2018)
"The risk of acute pancreatitis in patients with IBD is increased due to the higher incidence of cholelithiasis and drug-induced pancreatitis in this population."	2.82	Pancreatic Disorders in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. ( Bi, Y; Corral, JE; Farraye, FA; Ji, B; Kröner, PT; Lukens, FJ; Montenegro, ML, 2022)
"To investigate the effect of herb-partitioned moxibustion combined with acupuncture on the expression of intestinal epithelial tight junction (TJ) proteins."	2.80	Moxibustion combined with acupuncture increases tight junction protein expression in Crohn's disease patients. ( Bao, CH; Chen, WF; Ji, R; Shang, HX; Shi, Y; Wang, AQ; Wu, HG; Wu, LY; Zhao, JM, 2015)
"The incidence of endoscopic recurrence (ER) in Crohn's disease following curative resection is up to 75% at 1 year."	2.79	Early post-operative endoscopic recurrence in Crohn's disease patients: data from an Italian Group for the study of inflammatory bowel disease (IG-IBD) study on a large prospective multicenter cohort. ( Angelucci, E; Annese, V; Aratari, A; Biancone, L; Bossa, F; Cappello, M; Castiglione, F; Cottone, M; D'Incà, R; Fries, W; Gionchetti, P; Kohn, A; Lia Scribano, M; Martinato, M; Mocciaro, F; Onali, S; Orlando, A; Papi, C; Renna, S; Rispo, A; Rizzello, F; Scimeca, D; Tambasco, R; Testa, A; Vernia, P, 2014)
"At two years, 1/6 patient had clinical recurrence and 1/6 patient had endoscopic and clinical recurrence."	2.79	Low serum trough levels are associated with post-surgical recurrence in Crohn's disease patients undergoing prophylaxis with adalimumab. ( Baldissarro, I; Bodini, G; de Cassan, C; Dulbecco, P; Fazio, V; Giambruno, E; Peyrin-Biroulet, L; Savarino, E; Savarino, V, 2014)
"Patients with subocclusive Crohn's disease (CD) who received azathioprine (AZA) therapy had lower re-hospitalization rates due to all causes and for surgical management of CD compared to those treated with mesalazine during a 3-year period."	2.79	Azathioprine is more effective than mesalazine at preventing recurrent bowel obstruction in patients with ileocecal Crohn's disease. ( Castro, AC; Chebli, JM; Chebli, LA; da Rocha Ribeiro, TC; de Lima Pace, FH; de Oliveira Zanini, KA; de Souza, GS; do Valle Pinheiro, B; Furtado, MC; Gaburri, PD; Machado de Oliveira, J; Pinto, AL; Ribeiro, LC; Vidigal, FM; Zanini, A, 2014)
"Clinical and endoscopic recurrences were less common in the GTW group (n = 4) versus the 5-ASA group (n = 9)."	2.78	Prevention of postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease: Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside versus mesalazine. ( Fan, C; Li, J; Liao, N; Liu, S; Ren, H; Ren, J; Wang, G; Wu, X; Zhao, Y, 2013)
"Postsurgical recurrence of Crohn's disease (CD) is very frequent and, to date, only infliximab has been shown to be useful in preventing it."	2.78	Adalimumab is more effective than azathioprine and mesalamine at preventing postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease: a randomized controlled trial. ( Assandri, L; Bodini, G; Bruzzone, L; Dulbecco, P; Fazio, V; Frigo, AC; Marabotto, E; Mazza, F; Savarino, E; Savarino, V, 2013)
" Given the high use of complementary alternative medicines in pediatric IBD, a prospective tolerability study of curcumin, an herbal therapy with known anti-inflammatory effects, was conducted to assess possible dosage in children with IBD."	2.78	Tolerability of curcumin in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: a forced-dose titration study. ( Burpee, T; Christie, D; Cohen, M; Suskind, DL; Wahbeh, G; Weber, W, 2013)
"Ninety-five eligible patients with Crohn's disease activity index ≤150 were randomly assigned to: 6-mercaptopurine (0."	2.77	Nutritional therapy versus 6-mercaptopurine as maintenance therapy in patients with Crohn's disease. ( Abe, J; Arai, H; Arai, O; Hanai, H; Iida, T; Ikeya, K; Maruyama, Y; Nakamura, K; Nakamura, T; Sugimoto, K; Takeuchi, K; Tanaka, T; Watanabe, F, 2012)
"Crohn's disease is characterized by hyper-regenerative processes in the ileal mucosa."	2.77	Intensity of proliferative processes and degree of oxidative stress in the mucosa of the ileum in Crohn's disease. ( Alexeenko, SA; Fleishman, MY; Lebedko, OA; Ozhegov, EV; Timoshin, SS; Zhivotova, EY, 2012)
"Treatment response, defined as Crohn's Disease Activity Index of 150 or less and/or a decrease of 70 or more (Δ70) or 100 or more (Δ100) points from baseline to final visit, did not differ significantly between patients given budesonide vs mesalamine (Δ70, P = ."	2.76	Budesonide 9 mg is at least as effective as mesalamine 4.5 g in patients with mildly to moderately active Crohn's disease. ( Altorjay, I; Bar-Meir, S; Bátovský, M; Bunganič, I; Dilger, K; Fixa, B; Gabalec, L; Glasmacher, C; Greinwald, R; Koutroubakis, I; Kramm, HJ; Kykal, J; Löhr, H; Lukáš, M; Mohrbacher, R; Safadi, R; Schäffeler, E; Stimac, D; Tomsová, E; Tromm, A; Tulassay, Z, 2011)
"Patients with Crohn's disease who underwent an ileocolic resection were randomized to side-to-side anastomosis or end-to-end anastomosis."	2.74	Recurrence of Crohn's disease after ileocolic resection is not affected by anastomotic type: results of a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. ( McKenzie, M; McLeod, RS; Parkes, R; Ross, S; Wolff, BG, 2009)
"All adverse events were "not serious."	2.74	Pharmacokinetics and safety of single and multiple doses of Asacol tablets in Japanese healthy volunteers. ( Furuta, S; Hibi, T; Ito, H; Sasaki, H; Takano, Y; Yoshida, T, 2009)
" No clear relationship, however, has been shown between dosage and response."	2.71	Two mesalazine regimens in the prevention of the post-operative recurrence of Crohn's disease: a pragmatic, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. ( Annese, V; Cammà, C; Caprilli, R; Castiglione, F; Corrao, G; Cottone, M; Latella, G; Papi, C; Sturniolo, G; Tonelli, F; Viscido, A, 2003)
"Mesalamine was investigated for the prevention of postoperative relapse, with disappointing results."	2.71	Azathioprine and mesalamine for prevention of relapse after conservative surgery for Crohn's disease. ( Ardizzone, S; Bianchi Porro, G; Colombo, E; Danelli, PG; Imbesi, V; Maconi, G; Molteni, M; Radice, E; Russo, A; Sampietro, GM; Taschieri, AM, 2004)
"The study included 182 patients with Crohn's Disease Activity Index scores between 200 and 400."	2.70	Budesonide and mesalazine in active Crohn's disease: a comparison of the effects on quality of life. ( Cortot, A; Jewell, D; Persson, T; Pettersson, E; Thomsen, OO; Vatn, M; Veloso, FT; Winter, T; Wright, JP, 2002)
"In patients with active Crohn's disease affecting the ileum, the ascending colon, or both, a controlled-ileal-release formulation of budesonide was more effective in inducing remission than a slow-release formulation of mesalamine."	2.69	A comparison of budesonide and mesalamine for active Crohn's disease. International Budesonide-Mesalamine Study Group. ( Cortot, A; Jewell, D; Persson, T; Pettersson, E; Thomsen, OO; Vatn, M; Veloso, FT; Winter, T; Wright, JP, 1998)
"Risk factors for recurrence were prospectively defined to be analyzed in a stepwise proportional hazards model."	2.69	Prophylaxis of postoperative relapse in Crohn's disease with mesalamine: European Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study VI. ( Bauer, P; Fleig, WE; Genser, D; Gross, V; Hoffmann, R; Lochs, H; Mayer, M; Mortensen, PB; Nesje, LB; Petritsch, W; Plauth, M; Raithel, M; Staun, M, 2000)
"pylori."	2.69	Assessment of the prevalence of infection with Helicobacter pylori in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. ( Duncan, HD; Green, JR; Pearce, CB; Timmis, L, 2000)
"Thirty-two patients with Crohn's disease in clinical remission (CDAI < 150) were randomly treated for six months with either mesalamine 1 g three times a day or mesalamine 1 g two times a day plus a preparation of Saccharomyces boulardii 1 g daily."	2.69	Saccharomyces boulardii in maintenance treatment of Crohn's disease. ( Guslandi, M; Mezzi, G; Sorghi, M; Testoni, PA, 2000)
"Endoscopic recurrence occurred in 5/10 patients who received placebo and 6/11 patients who received mesalazine."	2.68	Remaining small bowel endoscopic lesions at surgery have no influence on early anastomotic recurrences in Crohn's disease. ( Colombel, JF; Cortot, A; Desreumaux, P; Gambiez, L; Klein, O; Lescut, D; Quandalle, P, 1995)
"Recurrence of Crohn's disease frequently occurs after surgery."	2.68	Prophylactic mesalamine treatment decreases postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease. ( Andrews, DF; Blair, JE; Cangemi, JR; Carryer, PW; Cohen, Z; Cullen, JB; McLeod, RS; O'Rourke, K; Steinhart, AH; Wolff, BG, 1995)
"Recurrence of lesions of Crohn's disease of the ileum within 1 year after so-called curative resection was well documented by endoscopy in 73%-93% of cases."	2.68	Mesalamine in the prevention of endoscopic recurrence after intestinal resection for Crohn's disease. Italian Cooperative Study Group. ( Ardizzone, S; Brignola, C; Cottone, M; D'Albasio, G; D'Arienzo, A; De Franchis, R; Pennestri, D; Pera, A; Scribano, ML, 1995)
"Management of perianal Crohn's disease is still controversial, and reports on large series are very few in the literature."	2.68	Management of perianal Crohn's disease. Results of a multicenter study in Italy. ( Arcanà, F; Basso, L; Buffatti, P; Di Bella, F; Doldi, A; Forcheri, V; Gaetini, R; Interisano, A; Pera, A; Pescatori, M, 1995)
"The activity and localization of Crohn's disease were defined according to the "Crohn's disease activity index" (CDAI) and the "laboratory index" (LI), as well as by endoscopy and (or) radiology."	2.68	[5-Aminosalicylic acid in the prevention of recurrences of Crohn's disease]. ( Bresci, G; Del Corso, L; Moruzzo, D; Norpoth, M; Pentimone, F; Romanelli, AM, 1995)
"Prognostic factors for postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease (CD) have been widely investigated but not yet clearly identified."	2.68	Prognostic factors for postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio del Colon e del Retto (GISC) ( Caprilli, R; Corrao, G; Taddei, G; Tonelli, F; Torchio, P; Viscido, A, 1996)
"One hundred fifty patients with active Crohn's disease were administered oral prednisolone (1 mg."	2.68	Mesalamine in Crohn's disease with steroid-induced remission: effect on steroid withdrawal and remission maintenance, Groupe d'Etudes Thérapeutiques des Affections Inflammatoires Digestives. ( Belaïche, J; Cadiot, G; Colombel, JF; Costil, V; Danne, O; Dapoigny, M; Duclos, B; Dupas, JL; Galmiche, JP; Gendre, JP; Lamouliatte, H; Mary, JY; Modigliani, R; Soulé, JC; Veyrac, M, 1996)
"Endoscopic postoperative recurrences occur early after 'curative' surgery for Crohn's disease."	2.68	Placebo-controlled clinical trial of mesalazine in the prevention of early endoscopic recurrences after resection for Crohn's disease. Groupe d'Etudes Thérapeutiques des Affections Inflammatoires Digestives (GETAID). ( Belaiche, J; Cortot, A; Daurat, M; Dupas, JL; Faucheron, JL; Florent, C; Gendre, JP; Jacquet, N; Lerebours, E; Malafosse, M; Michot, F; Modigliani, R; Quandale, P; Rothman, N; Sahmound, T; Sarfaty, E; Soulé, JC; Valleur, P, 1996)
"In patients with Crohn's colitis or ileocolitis, or in those with ileitis, no statistically significant differences were noted with respect to the relapse rates between the 5-ASA and the placebo treatment groups."	2.68	Mesalazine (Mesasal/Claversal) 1.5 g b.d. vs. placebo in the maintenance of remission of patients with Crohn's disease. ( Adler, M; Bailey, RJ; Rachmilewitz, D; Thomson, AB; Vatn, M; Wilson-Lynch, KA; Wright, JP, 1995)
"Mesalamine treatment reduced relapse compared with placebo treatment, although conventional statistical significance was not achieved."	2.68	A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of mesalamine in the maintenance of remission of Crohn's disease. The Canadian Mesalamine for Remission of Crohn's Disease Study Group. ( Bailey, RJ; Dallaire, C; Fedorak, RN; Lariviere, L; Martin, F; Poleski, M; Rossman, R; Saibil, F; Sutherland, LR, 1997)
"Patients with active Crohn's disease, achieving remission on steroids, were randomized to oral 5-ASA 3 g/day or placebo, while steroids were tapered over 6 weeks."	2.68	Controlled trial of oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for the prevention of early relapse in Crohn's disease. ( Astegiano, M; Belloli, C; Brignola, C; de Franchis, R; Del Piano, M; Ferrara, A; Framarin, L; Meucci, G; Omodei, P; Pera, A; Piodi, L; Prada, A; Ranzi, T; Riccioli, FA; Rocca, R; Vecchi, M, 1997)
"Oral mesalamine was effective in achieving partial or complete remission in 60% of patients as compared with 22% of placebo-treated patients."	2.67	A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the oral mesalamine (5-ASA) preparation, Asacol, in the treatment of symptomatic Crohn's colitis and ileocolitis. ( Harrison, JM; Schroeder, KW; Tremaine, WJ; Zinsmeister, AR, 1994)
"4-Aminosalicylic acid (4-ASA) has been suggested as an effective treatment for both active and quiescent ulcerative colitis."	2.67	Oral 4-aminosalicylic acid versus 5-aminosalicylic acid slow release tablets. Double blind, controlled pilot study in the maintenance treatment of Crohn's ileocolitis. ( Howaldt, S; Raedler, A; Schreiber, S, 1994)
"The cumulative proportion of recurrence at 6, 12 and 24 months was significantly lower in the mesalazine group than in untreated group (P = 0."	2.67	Oral mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid; Asacol) for the prevention of post-operative recurrence of Crohn's disease. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio del Colon e del Retto (GISC). ( Andreoli, A; Assuero Lanfranchi, G; Caprilli, R; Capurso, L; Corrao, G; D'Albasio, G; Gioieni, A; Paladini, I; Pallone, F; Ponti, V, 1994)
"Long-term corticosteroid therapy for Crohn's disease is associated with important types of morbidity, such as osteoporosis."	2.67	Low-dose cyclosporine for the treatment of Crohn's disease. The Canadian Crohn's Relapse Prevention Trial Investigators. ( Archambault, A; Feagan, BG; Fedorak, RN; Gillies, R; Groll, A; Kinnear, D; Laupacis, A; McDonald, JW; Rochon, J; Saibil, F, 1994)
"Thirty-eight patients had ulcerative colitis (UC) and 25 had Crohn's disease."	2.67	Experience with Eudragit-S-coated mesalamine (Asacol) in inflammatory bowel disease. An open study. ( Faber, SM; Korelitz, BI, 1993)
" In an open-labeled initial trial, timed-release 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), administered at a daily dosage of 30."	2.67	Slow-release 5-aminosalicylic acid therapy in children with small intestinal Crohn's disease. ( Griffiths, A; Koletzko, S; Marcon, M; Sherman, P; Sylvester, F, 1993)
"Mesalamine was well tolerated and no adverse laboratory trends were observed."	2.67	Long-term management of Crohn's disease with mesalamine capsules (Pentasa). Pentasa Crohn's Disease Compassionate Use Study Group. ( Hanauer, SB; Krawitt, EL; Rick, GG; Robinson, M; Safdi, MA, 1993)
"Mesalamine in this trial was not associated with clinically significant toxicity."	2.67	Mesalamine capsules for the treatment of active Crohn's disease: results of a 16-week trial. Pentasa Crohn's Disease Study Group. ( Gitnick, GL; Hanauer, SB; Krawitt, EL; Peppercorn, MA; Robinson, MG; Singleton, JW; Wruble, LD, 1993)
"The Postoperative Crohn's Disease Trial (PCDT), a placebo-controlled randomized trial of Rowasa I in the prevention of postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease, is used as an example of how a stopping rule based on total endpoint occurrences can provide considerable advantage over standard fixed sample size methods."	2.67	Application of a stopping rule based on total treatment failures: the postoperative Crohn's disease trial. ( McLeod, RS; O'Rourke, K; Steinhart, AH; Wolff, BG, 1992)
"Patients in remission [Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) less than 150] between 3 months and 2 years were randomly allocated to receive either 800 mg 5-ASA three times daily (n = 64) or placebo (n = 61) for up to 12 months or until relapse of symptoms."	2.67	Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid (Asacol) in the maintenance treatment of Crohn's disease. ( Brunetti, G; Cottone, M; Miglioli, M; Pallone, F; Prantera, C, 1992)
"Treatment of Crohn's disease (CD) in clinical remission is still a debated issue."	2.67	Placebo-controlled trial of oral 5-ASA in relapse prevention of Crohn's disease. ( Barbara, L; Basso, O; Belluzzi, A; Brignola, C; Campieri, M; Gionchetti, P; Iannone, P; Miglioli, M; Pasquali, S, 1992)
"The patients had Crohn's disease for an average of 5 years, with their disease clinically inactive for at least 1 month prior to entry into the study, and for an average of over 12 months previously."	2.67	Coated oral 5-aminosalicylic acid versus placebo in maintaining remission of inactive Crohn's disease. International Mesalazine Study Group. ( , 1990)
"Conventional medications for Crohn's disease (CD) include anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressants and corticosteroids."	2.66	Adalimumab for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease. ( Abbass, M; Cepek, J; Feagan, BG; Jairath, V; Khanna, R; MacDonald, JK; Nguyen, TM; Parker, CE; Townsend, CM, 2020)
"Mesalamine is the core treatment of mild‑to‑moderate ulcerative colitis (UC) and corticosteroids are crucial for the induction of remission of moderate‑to‑severe flares in both UC and Crohn's disease (CD)."	2.66	Inflammatory Bowel Disease - Non-biological treatment. ( Cordeiro, G; Dias, AM; Estevinho, MM; Magro, F, 2020)
"About half of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) require surgery within 10 years of diagnosis."	2.66	Colonoscopy-guided therapy for the prevention of post-operative recurrence of Crohn's disease. ( Bravo-Soto, GA; Candia, R; Hernandez, C; Monrroy, H; Nguyen, GC, 2020)
"Clinical improvement in Crohn's disease was seen in 87% of patients of the 5-aminosalicylic acid group and in 80% of the salazosulfapyridine group."	2.66	[Successful acute treatment of chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases with oral 5-aminosalicylic acid]. ( Bode, JC; Frühmorgen, P; Heller, T; Klotz, U; Maier, K; von Gaisberg, U, 1985)
" Metronidazole and azathioprin are considered to be reserve drugs and can be used in the treatment of fistulae or in order to cut down the dosage of prednisolone during remission."	2.66	[Drug therapy of chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases--current status of 5-aminosalicylic acid]. ( Gerok, W; Schölmerich, J, 1986)
" The present results indicate that 5-ASA, at least in the dosage used, is not superior to placebo."	2.66	5-Aminosalicylic acid in the treatment of Crohn's disease. A 16-week double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study with Pentasa. ( Binder, V; Bytzer, P; Jacobsen, O; Ladefoged, K; Lauritsen, K; Nielsen, OH; Rask-Madsen, J; Rasmussen, SN; Tage-Jensen, U; Vilien, M, 1987)
" Plasma and urine concentrations of 5-AS and its acetylated major metabolite (AcAS) were monitored during one dosing interval."	2.65	Disposition of 5-aminosalicylic acid, the active metabolite of sulphasalazine, in man. ( Fischer, C; Klotz, U; Maier, K; Stumpf, E; von Gaisberg, U, 1983)
"Eighteen patients with active Crohn's disease entered an open trial with 5-aminosalicylic acid in a slow-release preparation."	2.65	Treatment of Crohn's disease with peroral 5-aminosalicylic acid. ( Binder, V; Bondesen, S; Fischer, C; Hansen, SH; Hvidberg, EF; Klotz, U; Maier, K; Rasmussen, SN, 1983)
"Surgery is an important treatment for Crohn's disease [CD], but recurrence occurs in up to 80% of individuals post-operatively."	2.61	Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Medical Therapies to Prevent Recurrence of Post-Operative Crohn's Disease. ( Burr, NE; Ford, AC; Hall, B; Hamlin, PJ; O'Connor, A; Selinger, CP, 2019)
"Secondary outcomes included endoscopic recurrence, radiologic and surgical relapse, adverse events, serious adverse events and withdrawal due to adverse events."	2.61	Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of surgically-induced remission in Crohn's disease. ( Akobeng, AK; Gjuladin-Hellon, T; Gordon, M; Iheozor-Ejiofor, Z, 2019)
"Crohn's disease is a heterogeneous, inflammatory condition that can affect any location of the gastrointestinal tract."	2.58	Oral and upper gastrointestinal Crohn's disease. ( Laube, R; Leong, RW; Liu, K; Schifter, M; Suen, MK; Yang, JL, 2018)
"Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)."	2.55	Systematic review with meta-analysis: the efficacy of probiotics in inflammatory bowel disease. ( Derwa, Y; Ford, AC; Gracie, DJ; Hamlin, PJ, 2017)
"The genetics of isolated colonic Crohn's disease place it approximately midway between Crohn's disease with small intestinal involvement and UC, making a case for considering it as a separate condition."	2.55	Recent advances in clinical practice: a systematic review of isolated colonic Crohn's disease: the third IBD? ( Ekbom, A; Rhodes, JM; Subramanian, S, 2017)
"Sulfasalazine was not significantly superior to any therapy including placebo."	2.55	Comparative Effectiveness of Mesalamine, Sulfasalazine, Corticosteroids, and Budesonide for the Induction of Remission in Crohn's Disease: A Bayesian Network Meta-analysis. ( Clement, F; Coward, S; Ghosh, S; Hazlewood, G; Holmes, R; Kaplan, GG; Kuenzig, ME; McBrien, K; Panaccione, R; Rezaie, A; Seow, CH, 2017)
"Sulfasalazine was significantly less effective than corticosteroids and inferior to combination therapy with corticosteroids (RR 0."	2.53	Aminosalicylates for induction of remission or response in Crohn's disease. ( Hanauer, S; Lim, WC; MacDonald, JK; Wang, Y, 2016)
"Azathioprine was significantly inferior to infliximab for induction of steroid-free clinical remission."	2.53	Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for induction of remission in Crohn's disease. ( Chande, N; MacDonald, JK; Parker, CE; Townsend, CM, 2016)
"Efficacy in treating postoperative Crohn's disease recurrence will require further investigation."	2.52	Prevention and treatment of postoperative Crohn's disease recurrence with anti-TNF therapy: a meta-analysis of controlled trials. ( Carla-Moreau, A; Genin, C; Paul, S; Peyrin-Biroulet, L; Roblin, X, 2015)
" The occurrence of withdrawals due to adverse events was not shown different between budesonide, mesalazine and placebo, in both the induction and maintenance phases."	2.52	Systematic review with network meta-analysis: comparative efficacy and safety of budesonide and mesalazine (mesalamine) for Crohn's disease. ( Bonovas, S; Danese, S; Del Giovane, C; Fiorino, G; Moja, L, 2015)
"When we look at the natural history of Crohn's disease (CD), it first begins with inflammation of the intestinal mucosa and this inflammatory reaction proceeds to stenosing or penetrating reaction if not adequately controlled."	2.52	[Changing paradigm in the management of inflammatory bowel disease]. ( Jang, BI, 2015)
"The incidence and prevalence of Crohn's disease are increasing, particularly in the Western world and Asia."	2.50	Steroid use in Crohn's disease. ( Rogler, G; Scharl, M; Schoepfer, AM; Vavricka, SR, 2014)
"Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) represent a chronic inflammatory condition of the bowel that often require lifelong medical therapy for the induction and maintenance of the remission."	2.49	Mesalazine for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. ( Cottone, M; Criscuoli, V; Modesto, I; Orlando, A, 2013)
"Treatment for ulcerative colitis includes mostly systemic acting steroids for induction of remission and topically and systemically acting 5-ASA products and TNF antibodies for maintenance of remission."	2.49	[Inflammatory bowel disease]. ( Beglinger, C; Patuto, N, 2013)
"Up to 75% of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) will have intestinal resection during their life."	2.48	Prevention of postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease. ( Dijkstra, G; Nieuwenhuijs, VB; Ploeg, RJ; van Loo, ES, 2012)
"Coexistence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) should be considered in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and complex extraintestinal manifestations and the diagnosis of IBD could be established either before or after the diagnosis of SLE."	2.48	Inflammatory bowel disease and lupus: a systematic review of the literature. ( Katsanos, KH; Tsianos, EV; Voulgari, PV, 2012)
"The comorbidity of Crohn's disease (CD) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is uncommon."	2.48	Crohn's disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis: a case report and review of the literature. ( Miao, XP; Ouyang, Q; Sun, XN; Wei, H, 2012)
"Poorly controlled Crohn's disease (CD) often requires surgery for such complications as strictures, fistulas, and abscesses."	2.47	Prevention and treatment of postoperative Crohn's disease recurrence: an update for a new decade. ( Regueiro, M; Schwartz, M, 2011)
"Conventional therapies for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (CD) include aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, thiopurines, methotrexate, and anti-tumor necrosis factor agents."	2.47	Conventional medical management of inflammatory bowel disease. ( Burger, D; Travis, S, 2011)
"Eosinophilic colitis is an idiopathic inflammation of the alimentary canal and is characterized by infiltration of the intestinal wall by eosinophils, massive submucosal edema, and peripheral eosinophilia."	2.47	Eosinophilic-Crohn overlap colitis and review of the literature. ( Katsanos, KH; Lambri, E; Tsianos, EV; Zinovieva, E, 2011)
"Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, together popularly known as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are characterized by a number of extraintestinal manifestations."	2.46	Pancreatitis in inflammatory bowel diseases. ( Das, K; Pitchumoni, CS; Rubin, A, 2010)
"Due to the frequency of preceding pulmonary disease and the common temporal dissociation regarding intestinal disease, pulmonary manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease are at high risk of being overlooked."	2.46	[Pulmonary manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease]. ( Bachmann, O; Länger, F; Rademacher, J, 2010)
" New dosage regimens are likely to become standard practice in the near future."	2.46	Mesalazine in inflammatory bowel disease: a trendy topic once again? ( de Silva, S; Ghosh, S; Iacucci, M, 2010)
"Crohn's disease is a chronic, progressive disabling condition ultimately leading to stricturing and/or penetrating complications."	2.46	[Postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease, and its prevention]. ( Lakatos, L; Lakatos, PL, 2010)
"Sulfasalazine was more likely to induce remission (RR 1."	2.46	Aminosalicylates for induction of remission or response in Crohn's disease. ( Hanauer, S; Lim, WC, 2010)
"The therapy of Crohn's disease depends on its disease activity."	2.45	[Treatment of Crohn's disease]. ( Rogler, G; Vavricka, SR, 2009)
"At least 1% of patients with Crohn's disease develop amyloidosis."	2.45	Crohn's disease and secondary amyloidosis: early complication? A case report and review of the literature. ( Basturk, T; Kusaslan, R; Ozagari, A; Ozturk, T; Unsal, A, 2009)
"ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease), for both active disease and the control of remission."	2.44	Drug insight: aminosalicylates for the treatment of IBD. ( Munck, LK; Nielsen, OH, 2007)
"Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are two idiopathic inflammatory bowel disorders."	2.44	Inflammatory bowel disease: clinical aspects and established and evolving therapies. ( Baumgart, DC; Sandborn, WJ, 2007)
"The rate of symptomatic relapse (Crohn's disease activity index >150, or an increase in baseline by at least 60-100 points) was extracted from each randomized controlled trial."	2.44	Systematic review: the potential influence of mesalazine formulation on maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease. ( Forbes, A; Mills, EC; Rodgers-Gray, BS; Steinhart, AH; Travis, SP, 2007)
"The therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases is based on 5-aminosalicylates (5-ASAs) that are the forefront of treatment of mild-to-moderate active disease and maintenance; steroids are used for the treatment of moderate-to-severe active disease; immunosuppressives and sometimes antibiotics in moderate-to-severe disease; maintenance and for the treatment of selected complications."	2.44	[Medical therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases: Crohn's disease]. ( Lakatos, L; Lakatos, PL, 2007)
"Search terms included 'Crohn's disease or synonyms', 'remission or synonyms' and the names of specific interventions."	2.44	Review article: the evidence base for interventions used to maintain remission in Crohn's disease. ( Akobeng, AK, 2008)
"Colorectal cancer is a complication of longstanding inflammatory bowel disease."	2.44	[Colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease]. ( Henriksen, M; Moum, B, 2007)
"The management of luminal Crohn's disease, the most common form of initial presentation of the disease, depends on the location and the severity of the disease."	2.44	Mild-to-moderate active luminal Crohn's disease. ( Felley, C; Froehlich, F; Gonvers, JJ; Juillerat, P; Michetti, P; Mottet, C; Pittet, V; Vader, JP, 2007)
"Available data on Crohn's disease and pregnancy show that women with Crohn's disease can expect to conceive successfully, carry to term and deliver a healthy baby."	2.44	Pregnancy and breastfeeding in patients with Crohn's disease. ( Felley, C; Froehlich, F; Gonvers, JJ; Juillerat, P; Michetti, P; Mottet, C; Pittet, V; Vader, JP, 2007)
" For patients with severe ulcerative colitis (UC), steroid dosing has been clarified, and a mega-analysis of steroid outcomes and toxicities has been reported."	2.44	Optimizing drug therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. ( Kornbluth, A; Swaminath, A, 2007)
"The same drugs are used to treat hemorrhagic rectocolitis (HRC) and Crohn's disease (CD), although the aims are very different."	2.44	[Treatment of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases]. ( Lémann, M, 2007)
" Such sharpened indications have reiterated attention to correct dosing: the results of controlled trials have shown mesalamine to be fully effective at twice the traditional daily dosage (4."	2.44	Mesalamine for inflammatory bowel disease: recent reappraisals. ( Actis, GC; Pazienza, P; Rosina, F, 2008)
" Corticosteroids, the mainstay of treatment of acute exacerbations are not effective in the maintenance of remission and its chronic use is limited by numerous adverse events."	2.43	Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of medically-induced remission in Crohn's Disease. ( Akobeng, AK; Gardener, E, 2005)
"Available data on Crohn's disease and pregnancy show that women with Crohn's disease can expect to conceive successfully, carry to term and deliver a healthy baby."	2.43	Pregnancy and Crohn's disease. ( Burnand, B; Felley, C; Froehlich, F; Gonvers, JJ; Juillerat, P; Michetti, P; Mottet, C; Vader, JP, 2005)
"Treatment of ulcerative colitis has changed little in recent years, except for our improved ability to deliver mesalazine to the large bowel via the recent availability of several oral and rectal preparations."	2.43	Inflammatory bowel disease. ( Gibson, PR; Iser, J, 2005)
"Most of these cases had a history of ulcerative colitis (76 patients)."	2.43	5-Aminosalicylate use and colorectal cancer risk in inflammatory bowel disease: a large epidemiological study. ( Card, T; Leufkens, HG; Logan, RF; van Staa, TP, 2005)
"Lesniowski-Crohn disease is not curable either by drugs or by surgery."	2.43	[Therapy of Lesniowski-Crohn disease of the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract]. ( Gadowska-Cicha, A; Latos, W; Niepsuj, KJ; Sieroń, A, 2005)
" Additionally, established therapies are attracting renewed interest with novel dosage regimens and new formulations offering improved efficacy whilst maintaining an excellent tolerance profile."	2.43	What's new: innovative concepts in inflammatory bowel disease. ( Sandborn, WJ, 2006)
"The relative risk of colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis is increased, however, there're marked geographically differences."	2.43	[Inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer]. ( Hagymási, K; Tulassay, Z, 2006)
"The aetiology of Crohn's disease still remains obscure, therefore medical therapy is directed towards symptomatic relief in active disease and relapse prevention in the long-term setting."	2.42	Review article: medical treatment of mild to moderately active Crohn's disease. ( Löfberg, R, 2003)
"The aetiology of Crohn's disease is unknown and therefore no curative treatments are available for the disease."	2.42	Review article: maintenance treatment of Crohn's disease. ( Biancone, L; De Nigris, F; Fantini, M; Fina, D; Geremia, A; Pallone, F; Tosti, C, 2003)
"After first resection in Crohn's disease at 1 year 60-80% of patients have endoscopic recurrence, 10-20% have clinical relapse, and 5% have surgical recurrence."	2.42	Review article: prevention of postsurgical relapse and recurrence in Crohn's disease. ( Calabrese, E; Cammà, C; Casà, A; Cottone, M; Orlando, A; Viscido, A, 2003)
"Mesalamine has no clear benefit over placebo in treating active Crohn's disease."	2.42	Review article: mild to moderate Crohn's disease--defining the basis for a new treatment algorithm. ( Feagan, BG; Sandborn, WJ, 2003)
"Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disorder with a relapsing and remitting course."	2.42	Maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease: current and emerging therapeutic options. ( Brookes, MJ; Green, JR, 2004)
"The clinical management of Crohn's disease can be considered in relation to the treatment of acute disease and the maintenance of remission."	2.42	Review article: chronic active disease and maintaining remission in Crohn's disease. ( Kamm, MA, 2004)
"Some cases of Crohn's disease could be treated with anti-TNFalpha antibodies that successfully treat the relapses of disease."	2.42	[The conservative treatment of nonspecific inflammatory bowel diseases]. ( Chojnacki, J; Gil, J; Wichan, P; Wojtuń, S, 2004)
"Both the National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study (NCCDS) and the European Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study (ECCDS) demonstrated that sulfasalazine is effective for the induction of remission."	2.41	Initial therapy for mild to moderate Crohn's disease: mesalamine or budesonide? ( Feagan, BG; Sandborn, WJ, 2002)
"It describes the treatment of ulcerative colitis according to the different groups of patients and the degree of activity."	2.41	[Conservative therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases]. ( Nagy, F, 2002)
" Induction of clinical and endoscopic remission was achieved in more patients receiving a daily dosage of 4 g/day than in those receiving placebo."	2.41	Prolonged-release mesalazine: a review of its therapeutic potential in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. ( Clemett, D; Markham, A, 2000)
" Metronidazole and 6-mercaptopurine or azathioprine also seem to be of benefit in postoperative prophylaxis of disease recurrence, but additional controlled studies are required to define better the efficacy and dose-response of these agents."	2.41	Medical therapy to reduce postoperative Crohn's disease recurrence. ( Achkar, JP; Hanauer, SB, 2000)
" Although significant differences are found between the various aminosalicylates in release patterns and the resulting pharmacokinetic parameters, no differences in therapeutic effects have been found in comparative studies."	2.41	Clinical pharmacokinetics of slow release mesalazine. ( De Vos, M, 2000)
"The aetiology of Crohn's disease remains unknown."	2.41	Pathogenesis and therapeutic aspects of Crohn's disease. ( Selby, W, 2000)
"Until a cure for Crohn's disease(s) is found, strategies that prolong the time spent in remission offer the greatest hope for reducing the morbidity and significant social costs associated with the disease."	2.41	Prevention of relapse of Crohn's disease. ( Sutherland, LR, 2000)
" Oral controlled-release budesonide has demonstrated comparable efficacy to prednisolone with less risk for adverse effects, although many questions remain regarding the long-term use of this agent."	2.41	Conventional treatment of Crohn's disease: objectives and outcomes. ( Rutgeerts, PJ, 2001)
"Whereas the incidence of ulcerative colitis has remained stable at around 8-9/10(5), the incidence of Crohn's disease has increased from below 1 to more than 5/10(5) per year during the last three decades."	2.41	[Therapeutic principles for chronic inflammatory bowel disease]. ( Binder, V; Munkholm, P, 2001)
"The treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease shares certain common principles."	2.40	[Therapy of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases]. ( Beglinger, C, 1997)
"Crohn's recurrence is the appearance of objective signs defined radiologically, endoscopically or pathologically of Crohn's disease in the bowel of a patient who has previously had a resection of all macroscopically diseased tissue."	2.40	[Drug prevention of Crohn disease recurrence in the neo-terminal ileum after ileocolic resection]. ( Rutgeerts, P; Vermeire, S, 1998)
"The medical management of Crohn's disease has changed in recent years, but the mainstay of treatment is still prednisone."	2.40	[Drug treatment of Crohn's disease]. ( Tytgat, GN; van Deventer, SJ, 1998)
"Crohn's disease is inevitably characterized by episodes of relapse followed by remission."	2.40	The case against routine post-operative therapy for prevention of recurrence in Crohn's disease. ( Breslin, NP; Sutherland, LR, 1998)
"The recurrence rate of Crohn's disease after surgery is very high."	2.40	[Therapy of Crohn disease in internal medicine: postoperative recurrence and fistulas]. ( Blum, HE; Volk-Zeiher, BA, 1998)
"4 g/day, but a higher dosage of oral delayed-release mesalazine 4."	2.40	Oral delayed-release mesalazine: a review of its use in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. ( Markham, A; Prakash, A, 1999)
"In active Crohn's disease, high-dose (> 3 g per day) mesalamine only is more effective than placebo, but inferior to systemic steroids."	2.40	[Clinical effects of 5-aminosalicylic acid preparations in Crohn disease]. ( Fleig, WE, 1999)
"We describe a patient with cutaneous Crohn's disease with extensive cutaneous ulcerations preceding the diagnosis of gastrointestinal Crohn's."	2.40	Metastatic Crohn's disease: remission induced by mesalamine and prednisone. ( Elston, LC; Gilson, MR; Pruitt, CA, 1999)
"Mesalamine has been studied extensively as a therapeutic option in patients with Crohn's disease."	2.40	Mesalamine for prophylaxis of small bowel Crohn's disease recurrence. ( Bauer, WM; Brzezinski, A; Lashner, BA, 1999)
"A patient with Crohn's disease developed proximal muscle weakness, increased serum creatine phosphokinase activity and electromyographic abnormalities."	2.40	Inflammatory bowel disease and myositis. ( Balbir-Gurman, A; Braun-Moscovici, Y; Nahir, AM; Schapira, D, 1999)
"In view of a high recurrence rate of Crohn's disease after surgical resection prophylaxis is desirable."	2.39	[Crohn disease: prevention and drug therapy]. ( Andus, T; Gross, V; Schölmerich, J, 1995)
"In both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease 5-ASA has proved effective in the acute phase of the disease."	2.39	Medical management of patients with difficult-to-treat inflammatory bowel disease. ( van Hogezand, RA, 1994)
"While surgery for Crohn's disease is usually effective initially, its long-term benefits may be diminished by the risk of recurrent disease."	2.39	Is it possible to prevent recurrent Crohn's disease with medical or surgical interventions? ( Mcleod, RS, 1996)
"The final message is that in active Crohn's disease surgery should not be excessively delayed."	2.39	[Postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease]. ( Caprilli, R; Taddei, G; Viscido, A, 1995)
"Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory intestinal disorder characterized in most patients by repeated episodes of diminished and exacerbated symptoms."	2.38	Maintenance of symptomatic remission in patients with Crohn's disease. ( Stark, ME; Tremaine, WJ, 1993)
"In severely active Crohn's disease, systemic corticosteroids have to be administered."	2.38	[Local or systemic treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases?]. ( Halter, F; Schmassmann, A, 1993)
"The standard therapy of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease is based on the treatment with corticosteroids, sulfasalazine and 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine)."	2.38	[Drug therapy of chronic inflammatory bowel disease--reliable standards and new developments]. ( Fischbach, W, 1992)
"The history, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical uses and efficacy, adverse effects, drug interactions, and dosage and administration of rectal mesalamine and oral olsalazine in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are reviewed."	2.38	Mesalamine and olsalazine: 5-aminosalicylic acid agents for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. ( Gales, BJ; Segars, LW, 1992)
"Basis treatment of severe ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease comprises the systemic administration of corticosteroids."	2.38	[Conservative therapy of ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease]. ( Kreisel, W; Rasenack, J, 1991)
"Sulfasalazine continues to be a common treatment for active Crohn's disease."	2.38	The role of mesalazine in Crohn's disease. ( Hanauer, SB, 1990)
" There are no data to suggest that patients unresponsive to oral sulfasalazine will respond to 5-ASA in any form, although it is possible that better toleration of the 5-ASA formulations will allow more effective dosage levels to be delivered."	2.38	New oral salicylates in the therapy of chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. ( Robinson, MG, 1989)
"Mesalamine use was associated with fewer relapses in UC/IBDU patients (aHR, 0."	1.91	Complete Endoscopic Healing Is Associated With Lower Relapse Risk After Anti-TNF Withdrawal in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. ( Akol-Simsek, D; Colombel, JF; de Koning, DB; Fidder, HH; Goetgebuer, R; Hoentjen, F; Horjus-Talabur Horje, CS; Jansen, JM; Jharap, B; Lutgens, MWMD; Mahmmod, N; Mahmoud, R; Mares, W; Minderhoud, I; Oldenburg, B; Römkens, TEH; Savelkoul, EHJ; van Boeckel, PGA; van Schaik, FDM; van Tuyl, SAC; Witteman, BJM, 2023)
"The medical records of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) diagnosed with IBD-associated intestinal neoplasia (dysplasia or cancer) from 1983 to 2020 were included in this study."	1.91	Effect of Biologics on the Risk of Advanced-Stage Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Intestinal Cancer: A Nationwide Study. ( Ajioka, Y; Akagi, Y; Arakaki, J; Daito, K; Futami, K; Goi, T; Hanai, T; Hasegawa, J; Hida, K; Ikeuchi, H; Iseki, Y; Ishida, F; Ishihara, S; Itabashi, M; Kanemitsu, Y; Katsumata, K; Kazama, S; Kimura, H; Kinugasa, Y; Kiyomatsu, T; Komori, K; Koyama, F; Maeda, K; Maemoto, A; Matsuda, K; Nakamura, M; Nezu, R; Noake, T; Noguchi, T; Ogino, T; Ohge, H; Okabayashi, K; Okamoto, K; Okuda, J; Sasaki, S; Sato, Y; Seishima, R; Shida, D; Sugihara, K; Sunami, E; Suto, T; Takahashi, K; Toiyama, Y; Uchino, M; Uehara, K; Ueno, H; Wakai, T; Watanabe, K; Yamada, K; Yamada, T; Yamaguchi, S; Yamamoto, S; Yamamoto, T, 2023)
"Cumulative incidences of recurrence were estimated with a Bayesian multivariable proportional hazards model."	1.72	Indications, Postoperative Management, and Long-term Prognosis of Crohn's Disease After Ileocecal Resection: A Multicenter Study Comparing the East and West. ( Arkenbosch, JHC; Beelen, EMJ; Bodelier, AGL; de Boer, NKH; de Vries, AC; Dijkstra, G; Erler, NS; Ho, JCL; Hoentjen, F; Mak, JWY; Ng, SC; Romberg-Camps, M; Stassen, LPS; van der Meulen, AE; van der Woude, CJ; van Ruler, O; West, R, 2022)
"Among 10 400 patients, ulcerative colitis (UC) was twice as common as Crohn's disease (CD), with a male predominance (UC 6678, CD 3495, IBD unclassified 227, and 58% male)."	1.72	Emerging inflammatory bowel disease demographics, phenotype, and treatment in South Asia, South-East Asia, and Middle East: Preliminary findings from the Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Emerging Nations' Consortium. ( Abdullah, M; Aftab, H; Ahmed, F; Al Awadhi, S; Al Mohannadi, M; Ali, E; Aniwan, S; Aye, TT; Banerjee, R; Bhatia, SJ; Chaudhuri, S; De Silva, AP; de Silva, HJ; Desai, DC; Dutta, U; Fernandopulle, N; Ghoshal, UC; Hilmi, I; Joshi, N; Kieu, TV; Limsrivilai, J; Mohiuddin, SA; Mohsin, MN; Nawarathne, M; Ngoc, PTV; Nguyen, AD; Ni, N; Niriella, MA; Omar, M; Pal, P; Philip, M; Pisespongsa, P; Rahman, MM; Ramesh, GN; Saberi, B; Shastri, YM; Sollano, JD; Travis, SPL; Wai, TM; Zeid, A, 2022)
"Paternal and maternal use of 5-ASA was safe across offspring outcomes; none of the findings reached statistical significance."	1.72	The safety of paternal and maternal use of 5-aminosalicylic acid during conception and pregnancy: a nationwide cohort study. ( Friedman, S; Kjeldsen, J; Nielsen, J; Nørgård, BM, 2022)
"Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are complex, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) with debilitating complications."	1.72	Thiopurine Monotherapy Is Effective in Maintenance of Mild-Moderate Inflammatory Bowel Disease. ( Barber, GE; Choe, M; Hendler, S; Keyashian, K; Lechner, S; Limketkai, BN; Limsui, D, 2022)
"An early treat-to-target approach in Crohn's disease (CD) patients is recommended to avoid complications."	1.62	A watchful waiting approach for newly diagnosed Crohn's disease patients with an inflammatory phenotype. ( Cohen, NA; Hirsch, A; Isakov, NF; Maharshak, N; Ron, Y; Yassin, S, 2021)
"The majority of patients had Crohn's disease (CD) (60%) and most of them were in clinical remission."	1.62	COVID-19 in IBD: The experience of a single tertiary IBD center. ( Belluzzi, A; Calabrese, C; Calandrini, L; Decorato, A; Dussias, N; Filippone, E; Gionchetti, P; Laureti, S; Melotti, L; Peruzzi, G; Poggioli, G; Privitera, H; Rizzello, F; Rottoli, M; Salice, M; Scaioli, E; Siniscalchi, A, 2021)
"Differentiating Crohn's disease (CD) from intestinal tuberculosis (TB) is a challenge."	1.62	Case of Crohn's Disease Initially Misdiagnosed as Intestinal Tuberculosis Due to Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis. ( Choi, S; Kim, D; Lee, T; Lim, W; Oh, H; Park, H; Park, S; Song, C; Yun, J, 2021)
"End-points included clinical (Crohn's disease activity index >200) and endoscopic recurrence (Rutgeerts score ≥i2) within 52 weeks."	1.62	Thiopurines are superior to mesalamine for preventing postoperative recurrence in patients with Crohn's disease and two or more risk factors. ( Chao, K; Gao, X; Huang, ZC; Li, M; Tang, J; Yang, QF, 2021)
" In this study, we describe a patient with ChLC, with a history of pneumocystic pneumonia, who was diagnosed with exfoliative institial pneumonitis as a result of chronic use of mesalazine."	1.56	[Pulmonary manifestations of crohn's disease or chronic pharmacotherapy complications? - case report]. ( Liczek, M; Małecka-Panas, E; Panek, I; Panek, M; Rakoczy, I; Talar-Wojnarowska, R, 2020)
"Overall, 292 (60%) patients with Crohn's disease received 5-aminosalicylate period during follow-up for a median duration of 28 months (interquartile range 6-60)."	1.56	The use of 5-aminosalicylate for patients with Crohn's disease in a prospective European inception cohort with 5 years follow-up - an Epi-IBD study. ( Andersen, KW; Andersen, V; Arebi, N; Barros, L; Belousova, E; Bergemalm, D; Bortlik, M; Burisch, J; Christodoulou, DK; Collin, P; D'Incà, R; Dahlerup, JF; de Castro, L; Domislovic, V; Duricova, D; Ellul, P; Fumery, M; Gatt, K; Giannotta, M; Goldis, A; Gower-Rousseau, C; Halfvarson, J; Hernandez, V; Kaimakliotis, IP; Katsanos, KH; Kievit, HA; Kiudelis, G; Kjeldsen, J; Krznaric, Z; Kupčinskas, J; Lakatos, L; Lakatos, PL; Langholz, E; Magro, F; Midjord, JM; Misra, R; Munkholm, P; Nielsen, KR; Odes, S; Oksanen, P; Pedersen, N; Salupere, R; Sartini, A; Schwartz, D; Sebastian, S; Turcan, S; Valpiani, D, 2020)
"We report the case of a boy with Crohn's disease who developed myopericarditis 14 days after starting treatment with mesalazine."	1.51	Plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in mesalazine-induced myopericarditis. ( Mandal, AKJ; Missouris, CG; Paschali, M; Paschalis, T, 2019)
"Separate risk prediction models for Crohn's disease-related surgery and complications were developed using clinical trial data involving community gastroenterology practices."	1.48	Development of Clinical Prediction Models for Surgery and Complications in Crohn's Disease. ( Dulai, PS; Feagan, BG; Guizzetti, L; Jairath, V; Khanna, R; Sandborn, WJ; Zou, G, 2018)
"The therapy of the inflammatory bowel diseases is quite complex."	1.48	The adherence to the therapy in inflammatory bowel disease: beyond the number of the tablets. ( Astegiano, M; Caviglia, GP; Finocchiaro, F; Pellicano, R; Ribaldone, DG; Saracco, GM; Vernero, M, 2018)
"The incidence of Crohn's disease has steadily increased over the past several decades."	1.48	ACG Clinical Guideline: Management of Crohn's Disease in Adults. ( Gerson, LB; Isaacs, KL; Lichtenstein, GR; Loftus, EV; Regueiro, MD; Sands, BE, 2018)
"Up to 3."	1.48	Crohn's Disease Behavior and Location is Altered when Associated with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. ( Dotan, I; Iny, O; Maharshak, N; Matalon, S; Santo, E; Shibolet, O; Yanai, H, 2018)
"Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) can be ascribed, in the majority of cases, to coronary atherosclerosis."	1.48	Coronary artery ectasia in Crohn's disease. ( Katritsis, G; Korovesis, T; Koudounis, P; Zografos, T, 2018)
"Most Crohn's disease (CD) patients develop endoscopic recurrence within one year of intestinal resection."	1.46	Effectiveness of Mesalazine, Thiopurines and Tumour Necrosis Factor Antagonists in Preventing Post-Operative Crohn's Disease Recurrence in a Real-Life Setting. ( Allocca, M; Armuzzi, A; Bonovas, S; Danese, S; Fiorino, G; Furfaro, F; Landi, R; Papa, A; Peyrin-Biroulet, L; Spinelli, A, 2017)
"This case of Crohn's disease and uveitis is unusual in that ocular inflammation preceded intestinal involvement, with the atypical feature of chronic intermediate uveitis."	1.46	Amblyopia due to intermediate uveitis as the presenting symptom of Crohn's disease in a 6-year-old boy. ( Brazitikos, P; Dermenoudi, M; Mataftsi, A; Matsou, A; Symeonidis, C; Tzetzi, D, 2017)
"Patients diagnosed with Crohn's disease including all age groups in the Uppsala healthcare region in the middle of Sweden 2005-2009 were included in the study."	1.46	Clinical course of Crohn's disease during the first 5 years. Results from a population-based cohort in Sweden (ICURE) diagnosed 2005-2009 ( Holmström, T; Karlbom, U; Rönnblom, A; Sjöberg, D; Tanghöj, H; Thörn, M, 2017)
"An 80-year-old man with Crohn's disease treated with mesalazine presented with collapse and tonic-clonic seizure."	1.46	Delayed diagnosis of central skull-base osteomyelitis with abscess: case report and learning points. ( Chawdhary, G; Corbridge, R; Hussain, S, 2017)
"Endoscopic recurrence (ER) was defined using the Rutgeerts score (RS), and clinical recurrence (CR) was defined as symptoms of CD with endoscopic or radiologic evidence of neo-terminal ileal disease."	1.46	Rates and Predictors of Endoscopic and Clinical Recurrence After Primary Ileocolic Resection for Crohn's Disease. ( Bellolio, F; Cohen, Z; Fortinsky, KJ; Greenberg, G; Kevans, D; Macrae, H; McLeod, R; Milgrom, R; Qiang, J; Silverberg, MS; Steinhart, H; Stempak, J; Xu, W, 2017)
"In both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients in deep remission, the incidence rate of relapse was 19% per patient-year."	1.46	Evolution After Anti-TNF Discontinuation in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Multicenter Long-Term Follow-Up Study. ( Aicart, M; Alcaín, G; Almela, P; Arguelles-Arias, F; Arias-Rivera, ML; Barreiro-de Acosta, M; Barrio, J; Beltrán, B; Benítez, JM; Bermejo, F; Botella, B; Bujanda, L; Busquets, D; Calvet, X; Casanova, MJ; Castaño-Milla, C; Castro, E; Castro, L; Ceballos, D; Chaparro, M; Cortés, X; Domènech, E; Domínguez, M; Domínguez-Antonaya, M; Dueñas, C; Esteve, M; Fernández-Salazar, L; García-Herola, A; García-López, S; García-Planella, E; García-Sánchez, V; García-Sepulcre, MF; Garrido, E; Gisbert, JP; Gómez-García, M; Gomollón, F; González-Lama, Y; Guardiola, J; Gutiérrez, A; Hernández-Martínez, A; Hervías, D; Hinojosa, J; Huguet, JM; Jauregui-Amezaga, A; Khorrami, S; Leo, E; Llaó, J; Lorente-Poyatos, R; Mañosa, M; Marín-Jiménez, I; Marrero, JM; Martín-Arranz, M; Martinez-Montiel, MP; Menacho, M; Merino, O; Monfort, D; Moraleja, I; Muñoz, C; Muñoz, F; Nantes, O; Navarro-Llavat, M; Novella, MT; Opio, V; Pajares, R; Pérez-Calle, JL; Pérez-Martínez, I; Pineda, JR; Ponferrada, A; Ramírez-de la Piscina, P; Ramos, L; Robles-Alonso, V; Rodríguez, C; Rodríguez, GE; Rodríguez-Pérez, A; Rojas-Feria, M; Roncedo, O; Sánchez-Torres, A; Sicilia, B; Taxonera, C; Tosca, J; Van Domselaar, M; Vázquez, JM; Vega-López, AB, 2017)
"Prednisone use was associated with higher mortality [HR = 3."	1.46	Five-year Safety Data From ENCORE, a European Observational Safety Registry for Adults With Crohn's Disease Treated With Infliximab [Remicade®] or Conventional Therapy. ( Boice, J; Colombel, JF; Cornillie, F; D'Haens, G; Ghosh, S; Hommes, DW; Huang, Z; Huyck, S; Lindgren, S; Panes, J; Prantera, C; Reinisch, W, 2017)
"Older ulcerative colitis (UC) patients had similar anti-TNF use (16."	1.43	Medication Utilization and the Impact of Continued Corticosteroid Use on Patient-reported Outcomes in Older Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. ( Anton, K; Chen, W; Geisz, M; Ha, C; Kappelman, MD; Long, MD; Martin, CF; Sandler, RS, 2016)
"To investigate knowledge and fear of colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients."	1.43	Patients' knowledge and fear of colorectal cancer risk in inflammatory bowel disease. ( Belle, A; Collet-Fenetrier, B; Lopez, A; Peyrin-Biroulet, L, 2016)
"A 51-year-old woman diagnosed with Crohn's disease developed drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) 12 and six weeks after starting the oral intake of mesalazine and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, respectively."	1.43	Drug-induced Hypersensitivity Syndrome Accompanied by Pulmonary Lesions Exhibiting Centrilobular Nodular Shadows. ( Bando, M; Kogawara, H; Mato, N; Nakayama, M; Sawata, T; Sugiyama, Y; Takemura, T; Yamasawa, H, 2016)
"Elderly onset (>60 yrs at diagnosis) Crohn's disease (CD) seems to be associated with a better outcome than when diagnosed earlier in life."	1.43	Natural History of Crohn's Disease in Elderly Patients Diagnosed Over the Age of 70 Years: A Population-Based Study. ( Armengol Debeir, L; Charpentier, C; Coevoet, H; Dupas, JL; dʼAgay, L; Fumery, M; Gower-Rousseau, C; Pariente, B; Peyrin-Biroulet, L; Sarter, H; Savoye, G, 2016)
"Recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (rCDI) contributes to a significant burden of disease in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)."	1.43	Recurrence of Clostridium difficile Infection in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The RECIDIVISM Study. ( Bahreini, Z; McGeer, A; Nguyen, GC; Razik, R; Rumman, A, 2016)
"Disease relapse was measured at each visit."	1.43	The Effects of Active IBD During Pregnancy in the Era of Novel IBD Therapies. ( de Lima-Karagiannis, A; van der Woude, CJ; Zelinkova-Detkova, Z, 2016)
"Half of the Crohn's disease patients were prescribed prolonged oral 5-ASAs during the study, although this decreased between era 3 and 5 from 61."	1.43	Steroid dependency and trends in prescribing for inflammatory bowel disease - a 20-year national population-based study. ( Cecil, E; Chhaya, V; Curcin, V; Majeed, A; Pollok, RC; Saxena, S; Subramanian, V, 2016)
"No significant risk for other intestinal cancers was found, especially for small bowel carcinoma."	1.43	Cancer in Elderly Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Population-Based Study. ( Charpentier, C; Cheddani, H; Dauchet, L; Dupas, JL; Fumery, M; Gower-Rousseau, C; Marie Bouvier, A; Pariente, B; Peyrin-Biroulet, L; Savoye, G, 2016)
"Prophylactic treatment of postoperative Crohn's disease (CD) plays a critical role in maintaining clinical remission."	1.43	Trends in Pharmacologic Interventions for Preventing Recurrence of Crohn's Disease After Ileocolonic Surgery. ( Grand, RJ; Mandl, KD; Ong, MS, 2016)
"Myocarditis is recognised as a very rare possible side effect of these medications, but has not often been described in the paediatric population."	1.42	Mesalamine-induced myopericarditis in a paediatric patient with Crohn's disease. ( Cross, RR; Nair, AG, 2015)
"A 16-year-old boy was diagnosed with Crohn's disease."	1.42	Mesalazine-induced Pleuropericarditis in a Patient with Crohn's Disease. ( Ishihara, S; Kanazawa, T; Kawai, K; Kazama, S; Kiyomatsu, H; Kiyomatsu, T; Nozawa, H; Sunami, E; Tanaka, J; Tanaka, T; Watanabe, T; Yamaguchi, H, 2015)
"Oral manifestations are common in Crohn's disease (CD)."	1.42	Alterations of the Subgingival Microbiota in Pediatric Crohn's Disease Studied Longitudinally in Discovery and Validation Cohorts. ( Baldassano, R; Bittinger, K; Bushman, FD; Grunberg, S; Kelsen, J; Lewis, JD; Pauly-Hubbard, H; Posivak, L; Wu, GD, 2015)
"Extraintestinal manifestations in Crohn's disease (CD) are frequent and well recognized."	1.42	Histologically confirmed case of cerebral vasculitis associated with Crohn's disease--a case report. ( Asaoka, K; Gekka, M; Kato, Y; Nishihara, H; Nomura, M; Sugiyama, T, 2015)
"For the prevention of postoperative recurrence, patients were stratified to receive 5-aminosalicylic acid, azathioprine or daikenchuto, and their effects on preventing reoperation at 3 years were evaluated."	1.40	Daikenchuto, a traditional Japanese herbal medicine, for the maintenance of surgically induced remission in patients with Crohn's disease: a retrospective analysis of 258 patients. ( Kanazawa, A; Kawaguchi, T; Okamoto, K; Sahara, R; Sako, M; Tadami, T; Takazoe, M; Yamana, T; Yoshimura, N, 2014)
"Sera of 110 CD patients, 82 ulcerative colitis (UC), and 150 healthy controls were collected and the presence of antibodies against the mycobacterial protein tyrosine phosphatase PtpA was assayed using ELISA."	1.40	Effect of inflammatory bowel disease therapies on immunogenicity of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis proteins. ( Bach, H; Bressler, B; Grist, J; Silverberg, MS; Stempak, JM; Xia, A, 2014)
"Thiopurines prevent Crohn's disease (CD) endoscopic recurrence (ER) at least in 50% of patients 1 year after surgery."	1.40	Addition of mesalazine for subclinical post-surgical endoscopic recurrence of Crohn's disease despite preventive thiopurine therapy: A case-control study. ( Bernal, I; Boix, J; Cabré, E; Domènech, E; Lorenzo-Zúñiga, V; Mañosa, M; Marín, L; Moreno, V; Zabana, Y, 2014)
"She was diagnosed with Crohn's disease after undergoing colonoscopy and CT enterography."	1.40	[A case of IgG4-related sclerosing mesenteritis associated with Crohn's disease]. ( Bae, GH; Kim, EJ; Kim, EY; Lee, HC; Lee, TS; Oh, HK; Song, JE, 2014)
"Treatments for Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are not uniformly effective, thus necessitating dose changes, switching, and augmentation and carry adverse event risk, often requiring discontinuation, which reduces treatment benefits."	1.40	Real-world assessment of therapy changes, suboptimal treatment and associated costs in patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. ( Davis, KL; Mody, R; Rubin, DT; Wang, CC, 2014)
"Oral prednisolone was administered, and serum creatinine level showed partial recovery."	1.40	A case of late onset-acute tubulointerstitial nephritis with infliximab and mesalazine treatment in a patient with Crohn's disease. ( Bak, YT; Chung, SY; Gu, DH; Ko, GJ; Kwon, YJ; Pyo, HJ; Won, NH; Yoo, YJ, 2014)
"The prevalence rate of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in our male infertile patients was 163 per 100,000 men and 490 per 100,000 men, respectively."	1.40	Inflammatory bowel disease in subfertile men and the effect of mesalazine on fertility. ( Arai, G; Iwahata, T; Kobori, Y; Okada, H; Shin, T; Soh, S; Suzuki, K; Yagi, H, 2014)
"There were 44 confirmed cases of ulcerative colitis with a prevalence rate of 22/100,000."	1.39	The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in an Israeli Arab population. ( Birkenfeld, S; Fraser, GM; Niv, Y; Zvidi, I, 2013)
"Predictive factors for a mild course of Crohn's disease (CD) may have therapeutic consequences, but as yet have not been identified."	1.39	Predictive factors for an uncomplicated long-term course of Crohn's disease: a retrospective analysis. ( Bokemeyer, B; Ceplis-Kastner, S; Franke, GR; Katalinic, A; Klugmann, T; Kruis, W; Leifeld, L; Reimers, B; Weismüller, J, 2013)
"We herein report a patient with erythema induratum/nodular vasculitis (EI/NV) associated with Crohn's disease (CD), which is considered to be a rare type of metastatic CD."	1.38	Erythema induratum (nodular vasculitis) associated with Crohn's disease: a rare type of metastatic Crohn's disease. ( Misago, N; Narisawa, Y, 2012)
"Medical therapy for Crohn's disease (CD) has changed significantly over the past 20 years with increasing use of immunosuppressives."	1.38	Has there been a change in the natural history of Crohn's disease? Surgical rates and medical management in a population-based inception cohort from Western Hungary between 1977-2009. ( Balogh, M; David, G; Erdelyi, Z; Golovics, PA; Horvath, A; Kiss, LS; Komaromi, E; Lakatos, L; Lakatos, PL; Lovasz, BD; Mester, G; Molnar, C; Pandur, T; Szathmari, M; Szipocs, I; Veres, G, 2012)
"Appropriate treatment of perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease (CD) involves accurate anatomic evaluation."	1.38	Endoscopic ultrasound for perianal Crohn's disease: disease and fistula characteristics, and impact on therapy. ( Assulin, Y; Beer-Gabel, M; Chowers, Y; Lahat, A, 2012)
"Medical therapy for Crohn's disease has changed significantly over the past 20 years with the increasing use of immunosuppressants."	1.38	[The effect of early immunosuppressive therapy on the rate of resections performed in patients with Chron's disease, in Veszprém county, Hungary, a population-based cohort study]. ( Balogh, M; Dávid, G; Erdélyi, Z; Golovics, PA; Horváth, A; Kiss, LS; Komáromi, E; Lakatos, L; Lakatos, PL; Lovász, BD; Mester, G; Molnár, C; Pandur, T; Szathmári, M; Szipocs, I, 2012)
"Azathioprine (AZA) treatment in transplant or autoimmune patients and subsequent appearance squamous cell carcinomas at various sites, particularly skin and cervix, has shown a close relationship."	1.38	[A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the breast in a patient with Crohn's disease taking azathioprine]. ( Cho, JY; Heo, SW; Ju, DU; Kim, EJ; Kim, EY; Oh, HK; Park, KC; Ryu, JI, 2012)
"The two main types, ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), sometimes mimic each other and are not readily distinguishable."	1.37	Inflammatory bowel disease unclassified. ( Chen, SH; Chen, WX; Li, YM; Xu, CF; Zhou, N, 2011)
"We present the case of a woman with Crohn's disease who developed psoriasis after treatment with two anti-TNF- α drugs (infliximab and adalimumab)."	1.37	[Ustekinumab in a patient with Crohn's disease and anti-TNF-α-induced psoriasis]. ( Bosque López, MJ; Rocamora Durán, V; Royo Escosa, V; Sansó Sureda, A; Sapiña Camaró, A, 2011)
"Erythema nodosum is the most common form of septal panniculitis and the most frequent skin manifestation associated with inflammatory bowel disease, affecting up to 15% of Crohn's disease patients."	1.37	[Crohn's disease presenting with erythema nodosum as an early sign: a case report]. ( Chang, HK; Kang, SJ; Kim, JB; Kim, KJ; Moon, W; Park, MI; Park, MJ; Park, SJ, 2011)
"A total of 20 IBD (14 Crohn's disease, 6 ulcerative colitis) HIV infected patients and 40 matched control seronegative IBD patients (2 controls per case) were compared regarding relapse of their disease."	1.36	Course of inflammatory bowel disease in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. ( Baraboutis, IG; Georgiadis, D; Georgiou, O; Karamanolis, DG; Papastamopoulos, V; Rodias, M; Skoutelis, A; Viazis, N; Vlachogiannakos, J, 2010)
"Azathioprine was the most frequent causative factor (three cases in two patients); all the other causative drugs were documented only in single cases: mesalazine, dexamethasone, ramipril, mycophenolate mofetil, cytarabine, and valproate."	1.36	Incidence, severity, and etiology of drug-induced acute pancreatitis. ( Procházka, M; Procházka, V; Urbánek, K; Vinklerová, I, 2010)
"We report a case of the daughter with ulcerative colitis and her mother with Crohn's disease who have a -159C/T promoter polymorphism of CD14 gene for IBD."	1.36	[A case of ulcerative colitis found in a patient whose parent has Crohn's disease]. ( Chang, UI; Chung, WC; Jung, SH; Kim, JD; Kwak, JW; Lee, KM; Paik, CN; Yang, JM, 2010)
"Another patient, a 36-year-old man with Crohn's disease, developed extensive granulomatous nephritis with stable moderate renal function."	1.36	[Tubulo-interstitial nephritis in inflammatory bowel disease: extra-intestinal manifestation or drug toxicity?]. ( Groeneveld, JH; Heidt, J; Ooms, EC; van der Werf, SD, 2010)
"A selected phenotype of Crohn's disease patients may profit from 5-ASA."	1.36	5-aminosalicylic acid dependency in Crohn's disease: a Danish Crohn Colitis Database study. ( Duricova, D; Elkjaer, M; Jensen, JK; Munkholm, P; Pedersen, N, 2010)
"paratuberculosis; isolates from Crohn's disease patients tended to be more susceptible than were bovine-origin isolates."	1.35	Thiopurine drugs azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine inhibit Mycobacterium paratuberculosis growth in vitro. ( Collins, MT; Shin, SJ, 2008)
"She was diagnosed with cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) associated with CD."	1.35	Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa in a patient with Crohn's disease. ( Kinoshita, K; Komatsuda, A; Maki, N; Masai, R; Niitsu, H; Ohtani, S; Sageshima, M; Sawada, K; Togashi, M; Wakui, H, 2008)
"Treating Crohn's disease may lead to improvement in steroid-resistant myositis where the two are associated."	1.35	Association of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy and Crohn's disease. ( Danko, K; Dezso, B; Gunasekera, W; Kulcsar, I; Lukacs, S; Nagy-Toldi, A; Szabo, N, 2009)
"Lichen planus is an idiopathic inflammatory disease of the skin and mucous membranes."	1.35	Annular lichen planus in association with Crohn disease. ( Correia, S; Organ, V; Pereira, L; Serrão, VV; Vale, E, 2008)
"The renal biopsy was performed and IgA nephropathy (type IV) was diagnosed."	1.35	[Crohn's disease in association with IgA nephropathy]. ( Choi, YJ; Chung, WC; Kim, HW; Lee, JM; Lee, JR; Lee, KM; Paik, CN; Yang, JM, 2008)
"We report a patient with uncontrolled Crohn's disease who presented with progressive weakness of proximal muscles and a marked elevation of serum creatine kinase."	1.35	Immune-mediated myositis in Crohn's disease. ( Inoue, K; Sakamoto, T; Shimoyama, T; Tamura, Y, 2009)
"A thirty five-year-old man with Crohn's disease who was treated with mesalazine complained fever and dry cough."	1.35	[Mesalazine-induced eosinophilic pneumonia in a patient with Crohn's disease]. ( Chang, R; Chang, YW; Dong, SH; Hwangbo, Y; Jang, JY; Kim, BH; Kim, HJ; Park, JE, 2009)
"A total of 58 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC, N = 37) or Crohn's disease (CD, N = 21) together with 11 healthy controls were included in this study."	1.35	Adsorptive depletion of elevated proinflammatory CD14+CD16+DR++ monocytes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. ( Hanai, H; Hirayama, K; Iida, T; Iwaoka, Y; Kikuyama, M; Maruyama, Y; Nagata, S; Takai, K; Takeuchi, K; Watanabe, F; Yamada, M, 2008)
"Pericarditis is an uncommon extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which may occur at any time during its natural course."	1.34	Parallel manifestation of Crohn's disease and acute pericarditis: a report of two cases. ( Kaziani, A; Mantzaris, G; Roussos, A; Skoutelis, A; Stasinopoulou, P, 2007)
"Although infrequent, metastatic Crohn's disease should be suspected in cases of recalcitrant ulcerative conditions, even in the absence of intestinal disease."	1.33	Metastatic Crohn's disease mimicking genital pyoderma gangrenosum in an HIV patient. ( Avilés-Izquierdo, JA; Lázaro-Ochaita, P; Longo-Imedio, I; Suárez-Fernández, R, 2005)
"Mesalamine has a well-established role in the management of ulcerative colitis."	1.33	The case for using 5-aminosalicyclates in Crohn's disease: pro. ( Hanauer, SB, 2005)
"Mesalamine has a well-established role in the management of ulcerative colitis."	1.33	Debate: should mesalamine be used in Crohn's disease?: comments and conclusions. ( Kamm, MA, 2005)
" The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term use of 5-ASA on renal function in patients with Crohn's disease (CD)."	1.33	5-Aminosalicylates and effects on renal function in patients with Crohn's disease. ( de Jong, DJ; Habraken, CM; Naber, AH; Tielen, J; Wetzels, JF, 2005)
"Ascites in the course of Crohn's diseases is rarely seen and usually is a result of a concomitant malignancy, infection or thrombosis of portal or hepatic veins."	1.33	Severe exudative ascites as an initial presentation of Crohn's disease. ( Ilter, T; Musoğlu, A; Ozütemiz, O; Tekin, F; Vatansever, S, 2005)
"The possible association between Crohn's disease and the development of intestinal lymphomas is analyzed."	1.33	[MALT lymphoma in a patient with Crohn's disease. A causal or incidental association?]. ( de Dios-Vega, JF; Espigares del Aguila, A; García-Sánchez, MV; Giráldez-Jiménez, MD; Gómez-Camacho, F; Poyato-González, A, 2006)
"Microproteinuria is mainly associated with UC and its activity but not affected by 5-ASA."	1.33	Microproteinuria in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: is it associated with the disease activity or the treatment with 5-aminosalicylic acid? ( Archimandritis, A; Dandakis, DC; Georgouli, A; Goumas, KE; Panagiotaki, M; Poulou, AC; Soutos, DC; Tyrmpas, I, 2006)
"He had a medical history of beta thalassemia and fecal occult blood tests had occasionally been positive."	1.33	A patient with anemia of obscure origin: Crohn's disease in disguise. ( Baker, JP; Dubcenco, E; Garvey, MB; Jeejeebhoy, KN; Kim, YI; Streutker, CJ; Zalev, AH, 2006)
"Prednisone dosage was reduced from a mean of 19."	1.32	Immunomodulators and "on demand" therapy with infliximab in Crohn's disease: clinical experience with 400 infusions. ( France, R; Kinney, T; Kozarek, R; Patterson, D; Rawlins, M, 2003)
"Azathioprine has demonstrable benefits after induction therapy with prednisone."	1.32	Clinical features and management of Crohn's disease in Chinese patients. ( Chu, XQ; Jia, LM; Shi, XH; Wang, FM; Zheng, JJ, 2004)
"But, Crohn's disease of the duodenum is a very rare condition."	1.32	Obstructing Crohn's disease of the duodenum: is surgery always mandatory? ( Karaoglu, AO; Yukselen, V, 2004)
"Potential biomarkers for Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) were identified from two sets of full thickness pathologic samples utilizing DermArray and PharmArray DNA microarrays relative to uninvolved (Un) colon or normal colon."	1.32	Regulation of gene expression in inflammatory bowel disease and correlation with IBD drugs: screening by DNA microarrays. ( Curto, EV; Davis, RL; Dooley, TP; Elson, CO; Lambert, GW; Reddy, SP; Wilborn, TW, 2004)
"The association between Crohn's disease, hyperhomocysteinemia and large-artery stroke of the young has rarely been reported."	1.32	Large-artery stroke in a young patient with Crohn's disease. Role of vitamin B6 deficiency-induced hyperhomocysteinemia. ( Berruyer, M; Derex, L; Nighoghossian, N; Philippeau, F; Salzmann, M; Trouillas, P; Younes-Mhenni, S, 2004)
" A broncho-bronchiolitis associated with Crohn's disease was finally diagnosed despite the need for a differential diagnosis of mesalazine-induced disease due to the long-term administration of mesalazine before the onset of the pulmonary lesion."	1.32	[A case of Crohn's disease with broncho-bronchiolitis]. ( Hosogi, S; Iwasaki, Y; Kubota, Y, 2004)
"Data from all patients with Crohn's disease whose diagnosis had been performed before 1st January 1978 were analyzed."	1.32	Crohn's disease over 20 years after diagnosis in a referral population. ( Beaugerie, L; Bouhnik, Y; Cosnes, J; Etienney, I; Gendre, JP; Lémann, M; Matuchansky, C; Modigliani, R; Rambaud, JC, 2004)
"We report a case of Crohn's disease affecting penile and scrotal skin."	1.32	Metastatic crohn's disease--penile and scrotal involvement. ( Berenguer, J; Del Valle, E; Hernández, C; Jara, J; Martínez-Salamanca, JI; Miralles, P, 2004)
"The concept of the Crohn's disease as a non-children illness underwent a change with the widening of diagnostic possibilities, wide use of the endoscopic method of diagnostics in pediatric practice, and histological studies of biopsy materials."	1.31	[Crohn's disease in children]. ( Rumiantsev, VG; Shchigoleva, NE, 2002)
"Recurrence of Crohn's disease quite inevitably occurs after resection of distal small bowel and proximal colon, involving the neoterminal ileum close to the anastomosis."	1.31	Anastomotic configuration and mucosal 5-aminosalicyclic acid (5-ASA) concentrations in patients with Crohn's disease: a GISC study. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio del Colon e del Retto. ( Andreoli, A; Annese, V; Caprilli, R; Comberlato, M; Corrao, G; Frieri, G; Palumbo, G; Pimpo, MT; Sturniolo, GC; Tonelli, F, 2000)
"Relapse was defined by CD Activity Index > or = 150, CD Endoscopic Index of Severity > or =4, and by an abnormal increase of C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate; moreover, if it was confirmed by x-ray and/or endoscopy."	1.31	Does the initial location of Crohn's disease have an influence on the time-to-relapse in patients under maintenance treatment with oral mesalamine? ( Bertoni, M; Bresci, G; Capria, A; Masolino, P; Parisi, G; Scatena, F, 2000)
"Coloscopy demonstrated Crohn's disease of the colon, more marked on the left."	1.31	[Acute pancreatitis--adverse effect of 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) in various galenic dosage forms]. ( Ramadori, G; Schwörer, H, 2000)
"Interstitial nephritis is a recognized side effect."	1.31	Interstitial nephritis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with mesalamine. ( Alexopoulou, I; Churchill, DN; Margetts, PJ, 2001)
"Recurrence of Crohn's disease (CD) lesions in the neo-ileum after apparently curative resection frequently occurs after surgery."	1.31	[Azathioprine and 5-ASA in the prevention of postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease]. ( Aguilera, V; Berenguer, J; Hinojosa, J; Molés, JR; Nos, P; Pastor, M; Ponce, J, 2000)
"We report a case of Crohn's disease in a 32-year old Saudi male."	1.31	Crohn's disease presenting as life-threatening ileal bleeding. ( Ahmad, TM; Al-Been, H; De Keersmaecker, J; Tysk, C, 2000)
"Patients with esophageal Crohn's disease evaluated at Mayo Clinic Rochester between 1976 and 1998 were identified."	1.31	Crohn's disease of the esophagus: clinical features and outcomes. ( Decker, GA; Loftus, EV; Pasha, TM; Sandborn, WJ; Tremaine, WJ, 2001)
"Pancreatitis was significantly more frequent in girls as compared to boys (P = 0."	1.31	[Pancreatic involvement in inflammatory bowel diseases in children]. ( Cézard, JP; Faure, C; Hugot, JP; Le Large-Guiheneuf, C; Mougenot, JF; Munck, A; Navarro, J, 2002)
"An 11-year-old girl with Crohn's disease was given 40 mg/kd/day of sulphasalazine after achieving remission with prednisone."	1.30	[Hypersensitivity to 5-aminosalicylic acid. Value of desensitization by oral route]. ( Aboufadel, A; Hermier, M; Lachaux, A; Le Gall, C; Loras-Duclaux, I, 1997)
"Current available therapies for Crohn's disease in Japan are reviewed in this report."	1.30	[Current medical therapies for Crohn's disease in Japan]. ( Haga, Y; Munakata, A, 1997)
" We present the case of a 34-year-old female in whom chronic use of 5-ASA may have caused renal damage which manifested with tubular acidosis, severe weight loss, shortness of breath and fatigue."	1.30	5-Aminosalicylic acid-associated renal tubular acidosis with decreased renal function in Crohn's disease. ( Hämling, J; Helmchen, U; Raedler, A; Schreiber, S, 1997)
"An 18-year-old male patient treated for Crohn's disease for 3 years developed buccal manifestations."	1.30	[Oral Crohn disease. Apropos of a case]. ( Lambert, F; Reychler, H, 1997)
"Two patients with Crohn's disease who had hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and excessively high serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] are described."	1.30	Hypercalcemia due to endogenous overproduction of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in Crohn's disease. ( Bosch, X, 1998)
"Will pregnancy affect the disease? 4."	1.30	[Crohn's disease and pregnancy. A case report]. ( Gudiño Molina, FJ; Jinich Brook, H; Montiel-Jarquin, A; Rodríguez Torres, LF, 1998)
" The bioavailability of these drugs depends on their coating."	1.30	Gastrointestinal pH profiles in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. ( Ewe, K; Fuchs, B; Fuchs, M; Hauptmann, IA; Hauptmann, L; Press, AG; Ramadori, G, 1998)
"Vulvar involvement in Crohn's disease is uncommon."	1.30	[Vulvar Crohn disease: 3 cases]. ( Ben Osman, A; Fenniche, S; Haouet, S; Mokni, M, 1997)
"Treatment with hydroxyurea was effective in lowering the thrombocyte count."	1.30	[Clinical decision making in family practice. A patient with abdominal pain and chills]. ( de Meijer, PH; Meinders, AE; Schippers, EF, 1998)
"Sarcoidosis presenting solely as a granulomatous colitis is rare and appears identical to Crohn's disease."	1.30	Sarcoidosis presenting as granulomatous colitis. ( Adal, K; Dumot, JA; Lashner, BA; Petras, RE, 1998)
"Thirty children operated on for Crohn's disease (CD) were reviewed (1975-1994)."	1.30	Postoperative outcome of Crohn's disease in 30 children. ( Aigrain, Y; Besnard, M; Cézard, JP; Debrun, A; Delagausie, P; Faure, C; Ferkdadji, L; Jaby, O; Mougenot, JF; Navarro, J; Peuchmaur, M, 1998)
"Surgical resection of Crohn's disease is followed by early recurrence in a high percentage of patients."	1.30	Prevention of post-operative recurrence of Crohn's disease requires adequate mucosal concentration of mesalazine. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio del Colon e del Retto. ( Andreoli, A; Annese, V; Caprilli, R; Comberlato, M; Corrao, G; Frieri, G; Palumbo, G; Pimpo, MT; Sturniolo, GC; Tonelli, F, 1999)
"Gastroduodenal Crohn disease is a complex and difficult problem that is associated with serious complications and need for reoperation."	1.30	An audit of gastroduodenal Crohn disease: clinicopathologic features and management. ( Allan, RN; Keighley, MR; Yamamoto, T, 1999)
"Discontinuation of 6MP, while Crohn's disease is in remission, leads to higher relapse rates and continuation of 6MP reduces the likelihood of relapse."	1.30	Optimum duration of treatment with 6-mercaptopurine for Crohn's disease. ( Gleim, GW; Kim, PS; Korelitz, BI; Zlatanic, J, 1999)
"Our results show that, in Crohn's disease patients, the expression of E-selectin was up-regulated 5."	1.29	Up-regulation of E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 differs between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. ( Ghosh, L; Pooley, N; Sharon, P, 1995)
"A case of acute renal failure with characteristics of interstitial nephritis associated to treatment with mesalazine (5-ASA bound to resin) in a 26-year old patient with a 7-year history of Crohn's disease is presented."	1.29	[Acute renal failure associated with 5-aminosalicylic acid in inflammatory bowel disease]. ( Berenguer, A; Bureo, JC; Bureo, P; García-Díaz, M; Nevado, L; Sáenz de Santamaría, J, 1995)
"Samarium oxide was first detected in the small intestine 60 +/- 5 min after its ingestion; it reached the colon after 280 +/- 13 min and it was completely absent from the small intestine at 360 +/- 26 min."	1.29	Release of 5-ASA from Pentasa in patients with Crohn's disease of the small intestine. ( Kennedy, G; Lambert, C; Landriault, H; Larouche, J; Morais, J; Picard, M; Poitras, P; Spénard, J, 1995)
"In Crohn's disease as well as in ulcerative colitis steroids are of major importance in the treatment of active disease."	1.29	[Current therapeutic possibilities in chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases]. ( Schölmerich, J, 1995)
"Crohn's recurrence is the appearance of objective signs--defined radiologically, endoscopically or pathologically--of Crohn's disease in the bowel of a patient who has previously had a resection of all macroscopically diseased tissue."	1.29	Recurrence of Crohn's disease in the neoterminal ileum after ileal resection: is prevention therapy possible? ( Rutgeerts, P, 1994)
"A patient with severe Crohn's disease was treated with 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA)."	1.29	Interstitial nephritis associated with 5-aminosalicylic acid. ( Koch, KM; Olbricht, CJ; Witte, T, 1994)
"Of 12 patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC), 4 patients were without treatment, 4 were on prednisone and 4 on mesalazine."	1.29	Serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. ( Agostini, D; Boirivant, M; Corsi, A; D'Ambrosio, C; Letizia, C; Pallone, F; Scavo, D, 1993)
"These are so far the first two cases of hair loss in connection with Pentasa recorded by the Swiss Drug Monitoring Center."	1.29	[Diffuse alopecia as side effect of mesalazine therapy in Crohn's disease]. ( Netzer, P, 1995)
" Available evidence indicates that 5-aminosalicylic acid is beneficial in this role, although high dosage is needed."	1.29	Maintenance strategies in Crohn's disease. ( Sachar, DB, 1996)
"Crohn's disease is a granulomatous systemic disorder of unknown aetiology."	1.29	Nongranulomatous interstitial lung disease in Crohn's disease. ( Benard, A; Demarcq-Delerue, G; Guenanen, H; Hotermans, G; Malart, T; Wallaert, B, 1996)
"In patients with Crohn's disease with ileal involvement, relapse rates were sulphasalazine 9/28 (32."	1.28	Is Asacol as effective as sulphasalazine in maintaining remission of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis? ( Duncan, A; Nakshabendi, IM; Russell, RI, 1992)
"In active ulcerative colitis, A23187 and antihuman IgE induced significantly higher stimulation of PAF synthesis compared to their effects on normal mucosa."	1.28	Cytokines and platelet-activating factor in human inflamed colonic mucosa. ( Eliakim, R; Karmeli, F; Ligumsky, M; Rachmilewitz, D; Simon, P, 1992)
" Forty-seven (14%) of 331 patients receiving mesalazine reported adverse events, whereas 33 (23%) of 144 patients receiving sulphasalazine and 23 (19%) of 123 patients receiving placebo reported adverse effects."	1.28	Mesalazine: a global safety evaluation. ( Brimblecombe, R, 1990)
"Sixteen patients with flare-ups of ulcerative colitis were studied."	1.28	[Cryptogenetic ulcerative colitis. Our clinical experience with new therapeutic approaches]. ( Cigala, O; Della Valle, M; Marasco, A; Pancallo, MT, 1990)
" The purpose of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic profile of this drug between two patient groups, with either inflamed small or large bowel and with volunteers."	1.28	Pharmacokinetics of a 5-aminosalicylic acid enteric-coated tablet in patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis and in healthy volunteers. ( Gotthard, R; Norlander, B; Ström, M, 1990)
"In treatment of Crohn's disease, sulfasalazine has been shown to be effective when disease involves the colon or the colon and small intestine."	1.27	Pharmacotherapy of inflammatory bowel disease. Part 1. Sulfasalazine. ( Das, KM, 1983)
"Olsalazine is a very effective means of delivery of 5-aminosalicylic acid to the colonic mucosa in active disease."	1.27	Longterm olsalazine treatment: pharmacokinetics, tolerance and effects on local eicosanoid formation in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's colitis. ( Bukhave, K; Lauritsen, K; Rask-Madsen, J; Staerk Laursen, L, 1988)
"Increasing incidence of Crohn's disease particularly in childhood and adolescence has made inflammatory bowel disease one of the most important aspects of paediatric gastroenterology."	1.27	[Crohn disease in childhood]. ( Bender, SW; Kirchmann, H; Posselt, HG, 1986)
"Prednisone treatment can sometimes reverse this condition when combined with parenteral nutrition."	1.27	[Acute manifestations in Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. Conservative treatment of acute situations]. ( Goebell, H, 1988)
"A 22-year-old woman with Crohn's disease was treated with 5-aminosalicylic acid (Claversal), four times 500 mg daily, because of increased inflammatory activity."	1.27	[Pericardial effusion during the therapy of Crohn's disease with 5-aminosalicylic acid]. ( Becker, EW; Jenss, H; Weber, P, 1988)
"5 g 5-AS tid elimination half-life (t 1/2) ranged from 0."	1.27	A new slow-release form of 5-aminosalicylic acid for the oral treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Biopharmaceutic and clinical pharmacokinetic characteristics. ( Bauer, KH; Fischer, C; Klotz, U; Maier, KE, 1985)
"Apart from two patients with Crohn's disease the antiphlogistic effect of 5-ASA could be proven by endoscopy, histomorphology and (or) radiography with an 86% remission rate and by the improved faecal quality (n = 12)."	1.26	[5-Aminosalicylic acid in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (author's transl)]. ( Fischer, C; Heinkel, K; Klotz, U; Maier, K, 1982)

Research

Studies (786)

Authors

Clinical Trials (40)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Number of Participant Fatalities

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	62 (7.89)	18.7374
1990's	193 (24.55)	18.2507
2000's	233 (29.64)	29.6817
2010's	241 (30.66)	24.3611
2020's	57 (7.25)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Shin, SJ	2
Collins, MT	1
Fujita, Y	1
Sugaya, T	1
Tanaka, T	3
Tominaga, K	2
Yoshihara, S	1
Toguchi, Y	1
Fukuoka-Araki, K	1
Matayoshi, K	1
Kinjo, S	1
Yodoshi, T	1
Honap, S	1
Sharma, E	1
Samaan, MA	1
Picetti, D	1
Kim, J	1
Zhu, W	2
Sandborn, WJ	11
Jairath, V	6
Singh, S	3
Kjeldsen, S	1
Nielsen, J	3
Mertz Nørgård, B	1
Kjeldsen, J	4
Arkenbosch, JHC	1
Mak, JWY	2
Ho, JCL	1
Beelen, EMJ	1
Erler, NS	1
Hoentjen, F	3
Bodelier, AGL	1
Dijkstra, G	2
Romberg-Camps, M	1
de Boer, NKH	1
Stassen, LPS	1
van der Meulen, AE	1
West, R	1
van Ruler, O	1
van der Woude, CJ	2
Ng, SC	3
de Vries, AC	1
Banerjee, R	1
Pal, P	1
Hilmi, I	1
Ghoshal, UC	2
Desai, DC	1
Rahman, MM	1
Dutta, U	1
Mohiuddin, SA	1
Al Mohannadi, M	1
Philip, M	2
Ramesh, GN	1
Niriella, MA	1
De Silva, AP	1
de Silva, HJ	1
Pisespongsa, P	1
Limsrivilai, J	1
Aniwan, S	1
Nawarathne, M	1
Fernandopulle, N	1
Aye, TT	1
Ni, N	1
Al Awadhi, S	1
Joshi, N	1
Ngoc, PTV	1
Kieu, TV	1
Nguyen, AD	1
Abdullah, M	1
Ali, E	1
Zeid, A	1
Sollano, JD	1
Saberi, B	1
Omar, M	1
Mohsin, MN	1
Aftab, H	1
Wai, TM	1
Shastri, YM	1
Chaudhuri, S	1
Ahmed, F	1
Bhatia, SJ	2
Travis, SPL	1
Gardiner, LJ	1
Carrieri, AP	1
Bingham, K	1
Macluskie, G	1
Bunton, D	1
McNeil, M	1
Pyzer-Knapp, EO	1
Nørgård, BM	2
Friedman, S	1
Mahmoud, R	1
Savelkoul, EHJ	1
Mares, W	1
Goetgebuer, R	1
Witteman, BJM	1
de Koning, DB	1
van Tuyl, SAC	1
Minderhoud, I	1
Lutgens, MWMD	1
Akol-Simsek, D	1
van Schaik, FDM	1
Fidder, HH	1
Jansen, JM	1
van Boeckel, PGA	1
Mahmmod, N	1
Horjus-Talabur Horje, CS	1
Römkens, TEH	1
Colombel, JF	13
Jharap, B	1
Oldenburg, B	1
Gonczi, L	1
Lakatos, L	7
Kurti, Z	1
Golovics, PA	3
Pandur, T	3
David, G	3
Erdelyi, Z	3
Szita, I	1
Lakatos, PL	7
Yao, LY	1
Shao, BL	1
Tian, F	1
Ye, M	1
Li, YQ	1
Wang, XL	1
Wang, L	1
Yang, SQ	1
Lv, XP	1
Jia, Y	1
Wang, XH	1
Zhang, XQ	1
Wei, YL	1
Cao, Q	1
Choi, SY	3
Choi, S	2
Kang, B	3
Choe, BH	1
Lee, YJ	1
Park, JH	1
Kim, YB	1
Kim, JY	3
Lee, K	1
Lee, KJ	1
Kang, KS	1
Lee, YM	2
Kim, HJ	2
Kang, Y	1
Jang, HJ	1
Yi, DY	1
Hong, SJ	1
Choi, YJ	3
Hong, J	1
Kim, SC	1
Castillo-Regalado, E	1
Ríos, R	1
Aràjol, C	1
Gely, C	1
Márquez, L	1
Calafat, M	1
González-Muñoza, C	1
Cañete, F	1
Mesonero, F	1
Guardiola, J	2
Garcia-Planella, E	3
Mañosa, M	4
Domènech, E	5
Lee, MH	2
Li, HJ	2
Wasuwanich, P	2
Kim, SE	3
Jeong, GH	2
Park, S	4
Yang, JW	2
Kim, MS	2
Yon, DK	2
Lee, SW	2
Koyanagi, A	2
Jacob, L	2
Kim, EY	4
Cheon, JH	4
Shin, JI	2
Smith, L	2
Seishima, R	1
Okabayashi, K	1
Ikeuchi, H	1
Uchino, M	1
Futami, K	1
Noguchi, T	1
Ohge, H	1
Iseki, Y	1
Watanabe, K	1
Itabashi, M	1
Okamoto, K	2
Toiyama, Y	1
Ogino, T	1
Nakamura, M	1
Yamada, K	1
Wakai, T	1
Sato, Y	1
Kimura, H	1
Takahashi, K	2
Hida, K	1
Kinugasa, Y	1
Ishida, F	1
Okuda, J	1
Daito, K	1
Koyama, F	1
Ueno, H	1
Yamamoto, T	5
Yamamoto, S	1
Hanai, T	1
Maemoto, A	1
Arakaki, J	1
Komori, K	1
Akagi, Y	1
Shida, D	1
Yamaguchi, S	1
Matsuda, K	1
Maeda, K	1
Noake, T	1
Nezu, R	1
Sasaki, S	1
Hasegawa, J	1
Sunami, E	2
Kanemitsu, Y	1
Katsumata, K	1
Uehara, K	1
Kiyomatsu, T	2
Suto, T	1
Kazama, S	2
Yamada, T	1
Goi, T	1
Ishihara, S	2
Ajioka, Y	1
Sugihara, K	1
Gantzel, RH	1
Vesterdal, JD	1
Haase, AM	1
Petersen, AJ	1
Grønbæk, H	1
Pedersen, ML	1
Cordesse, A	1
Delbet, JD	1
Lemoine, A	1
Dubern, B	1
Tounian, P	1
Lemale, J	1
Atia, O	2
Goren, I	3
Fischler, TS	1
Weisband, YL	1
Greenfeld, S	1
Kariv, R	2
Ledderman, N	1
Matz, E	2
Rimon, RM	1
Dotan, I	3
Turner, D	4
Yanai, H	3
Burisch, J	5
Zegers, FD	1
Knudsen, T	1
Lund, K	1
Brodersen, JB	1
Chang, HC	1
Gau, SY	1
Lee, AA	1
Gupta, S	2
Labban, M	1
Cao, FT	1
Trinh, QD	1
McNabb-Baltar, J	1
Słoka, J	1
Madej, M	1
Strzalka-Mrozik, B	1
Ungaro, RC	2
Limketkai, BN	2
Jensen, CB	1
Yzet, C	1
Allin, KH	1
Agrawal, M	1
Ullman, T	1
Jess, T	2
Choi, YI	1
Kim, TJ	1
Park, DK	1
Chung, JW	1
Kim, KO	1
Kwon, KA	1
Kim, YJ	1
Din, H	1
Anderson, AJ	1
Ramos Rivers, C	1
Proksell, S	1
Koutroumpakis, F	1
Salim, T	1
Babichenko, D	1
Tang, G	1
Koutroubakis, IE	1
Schwartz, M	2
Johnston, E	1
Barrie, A	1
Harrison, J	1
Hashash, J	1
Dunn, MA	1
Hartman, DJ	1
Binion, DG	1
So, J	1
Tang, W	2
Yip, TCF	1
Leung, WK	2
Li, M	2
Lo, FH	2
Ng, KM	1
Sze, SF	2
Leung, CM	2
Tsang, SWC	1
Shan, EHS	1
Chan, KH	2
Lam, BCY	1
Hui, AJ	2
Chow, WH	2
Chan, FKL	1
Rakoczy, I	1
Liczek, M	1
Panek, I	1
Panek, M	1
Małecka-Panas, E	1
Talar-Wojnarowska, R	1
Lu, Y	1
Ding, G	1
Zheng, H	1
Lü, T	1
Ma, Z	1
Wu, H	1
Weng, Z	1
Zhang, F	1
Wu, L	1
Liu, H	1
Xu, M	1
Feng, H	1
Townsend, CM	2
Nguyen, TM	2
Cepek, J	1
Abbass, M	1
Parker, CE	4
MacDonald, JK	4
Khanna, R	3
Feagan, BG	13
Siegel, CA	2
Yang, F	1
Eslava, S	1
Cai, Z	1
Noureldin, M	1
Cohen-Mekelburg, S	1
Mahmood, A	1
Stidham, R	1
Higgins, PDR	1
Govani, S	1
Deshpande, AR	1
Waljee, AK	1
Magro, F	3
Cordeiro, G	1
Dias, AM	1
Estevinho, MM	1
Cavalcanti, E	1
Armentano, R	1
Lolli, I	1
Bergemalm, D	1
Halfvarson, J	1
Domislovic, V	1
Krznaric, Z	1
Goldis, A	2
Dahlerup, JF	2
Oksanen, P	1
Collin, P	1
de Castro, L	1
Hernandez, V	3
Turcan, S	2
Belousova, E	1
D'Incà, R	2
Sartini, A	1
Valpiani, D	1
Giannotta, M	1
Misra, R	1
Arebi, N	1
Duricova, D	3
Bortlik, M	2
Gatt, K	1
Ellul, P	1
Pedersen, N	4
Andersen, KW	1
Andersen, V	1
Katsanos, KH	5
Christodoulou, DK	1
Sebastian, S	3
Barros, L	1
Midjord, JM	1
Nielsen, KR	2
Salupere, R	1
Kievit, HA	1
Kiudelis, G	1
Kupčinskas, J	1
Fumery, M	3
Gower-Rousseau, C	3
Kaimakliotis, IP	1
Schwartz, D	3
Odes, S	3
Langholz, E	5
Munkholm, P	7
Candia, R	1
Bravo-Soto, GA	1
Monrroy, H	1
Hernandez, C	2
Nguyen, GC	3
Collins, M	1
DeWitt, M	1
Jansen, FM	1
Vavricka, SR	3
den Broeder, AA	1
de Jong, EM	1
van Dop, WA	1
Rönnblom, A	2
Karlbom, U	2
Brenner, EJ	1
Pigneur, B	1
Focht, G	1
Zhang, X	1
Kappelman, MD	3
Ruemmele, FM	2
Ter Avest, MM	1
van Hee, K	1
Bronkhorst, C	1
de Jonge, HJM	1
Orlando, A	4
Mocciaro, F	2
Ventimiglia, M	1
Renna, S	2
Rispo, A	2
Scribano, ML	3
Testa, A	2
Aratari, A	3
Bossa, F	2
Angelucci, E	3
Onali, S	2
Cappello, M	3
Giunta, M	2
Scimeca, D	2
Macaluso, FS	1
Castiglione, F	4
Papi, C	5
Annese, V	8
Biancone, L	5
Kohn, A	2
Di Mitri, R	1
Cottone, M	10
Jeličić, ML	1
Brusač, E	1
Klarić, DA	1
Nigović, B	1
Turk, N	1
Mornar, A	1
Tavares Junior, AG	1
de Araújo, JTC	1
Meneguin, AB	1
Chorilli, M	1
Tamura, S	1
Ishida, N	1
Miyazu, T	1
Onoue, S	1
Tani, S	1
Yamade, M	1
Hamaya, Y	1
Iwaizumi, M	1
Osawa, S	1
Furuta, T	1
Sugimoto, K	2
Yassin, S	1
Isakov, NF	1
Ron, Y	1
Cohen, NA	1
Hirsch, A	1
Maharshak, N	2
Rizzello, F	2
Calabrese, C	1
Salice, M	1
Calandrini, L	1
Privitera, H	1
Melotti, L	1
Peruzzi, G	1
Dussias, N	1
Belluzzi, A	3
Scaioli, E	1
Decorato, A	1
Siniscalchi, A	1
Filippone, E	1
Laureti, S	1
Rottoli, M	1
Poggioli, G	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Monitoring Serologic Response to SARS-COV-2 / Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults Receiving Biologic Therapies (RECONN)[NCT04838834]		472 participants (Actual)	Observational	2020-05-15	Active, not recruiting
Clinical Trial to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Adding GMA to Infliximab in Paediatric Patients With Steroid-refractory Ulcerative Colitis[NCT05430412]		15 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-01-11	Recruiting
The Role of Lactobacillus Rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) in the Modulation of the Inflammatory Process in the Mucosa of Ulcerative Colitis (UC) Patients With Mild-moderate Clinical Activity[NCT04102852]	Phase 1/Phase 2	76 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-09-30	Completed
A Multicentered Prospective Cohort Study of Chinese IBD Patients Concerning Cost-effectiveness Analysis, Therapeutic Effect Predictor Exploration and Gut Microbiota Analysis[NCT05386290]		200 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2020-07-09	Enrolling by invitation
Markers of Oxidative Stress in Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children and Adults: Risk Factors and Implications for a Dietetic Approach[NCT04513015]		40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-12-15	Recruiting
MeSenteric SpAring Versus High Ligation Ileocolic Resection for the Prevention of REcurrent Crohn's DiseaSe (SPARES)[NCT04578392]		181 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-07-28	Recruiting
Evaluation of Renal Involvement in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients[NCT04921709]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2021-06-01	Recruiting
"Prospective and Multicenter Study About the Epidemiology and the Characteristics Omics in Patients Recently Diagnosed of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain"[NCT03689257]		376 participants (Actual)	Observational	2017-10-01	Completed
Risk of Hepatitis Flare in Patients With Previous Hepatitis B Virus Exposure Amongst Patients on Immunosuppressive and Biological Modifier Therapies Exposure[NCT04356404]		68 participants (Actual)	Observational	2020-05-01	Terminated (stopped due to No suitable case identified)
Anti-TNF Discontinuation in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Multicentre, Prospective, Randomized Clinical Trial and Economic Evaluation[NCT02994836]	Phase 4	139 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-04-21	Completed
Crohn's Disease European Registry. A Prospective, Observational, Postmarketing Safety Surveillance Registry of Patients Treated With Remicade® or Standard Therapy[NCT00705614]		2,662 participants (Actual)	Observational	2003-07-31	Completed
Efficacy of Infliximab Treatment Based on TDM (Therapeutic Drug Monitoring) in Adult Patients With Active Perianal Fistulizing Crohn's Disease[NCT06051253]	Phase 4	86 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-10-02	Not yet recruiting
A Randomized, Controlled, Open-label Study to Investigate the Impact of Disease Activity and Nutrition Treat on Postoperative Recurrence and Complications After Bowel Resection for Crohn's Disease[NCT01540942]		91 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-11-30	Completed
Double-blind, Double-dummy, Randomised, Multicentre, Comparative Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Azathioprine Versus Mesalazine for Prevention of Clinical Relapses in Crohn's Disease Patients With Postoperative Moderate or Severe Endoscopic Recurrence[NCT00946946]	Phase 3	78 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-02-28	Completed
Double-blind, Double-dummy, Randomized, Multicentre Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Budesonide (9 mg) and Oral Mesalazine (4.5 g) in Moderately Active Crohn's Disease Patients[NCT00300118]	Phase 3	311 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-09-30	Completed
Manitoba Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort Study[NCT03262649]		388 participants (Actual)	Observational	2002-03-01	Completed
Combined THC and CBD Drops for Treatment of Crohn's Disease, a Phase II Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial[NCT01826188]	Phase 1/Phase 2	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-03-31	Completed
Nabilone Use for Acute Pain in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients With Chronic Opioid Use Undergoing Gastrointestinal Surgery: A Single-centered Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT03422861]		80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-12-31	Not yet recruiting
The Biologic Onset of Crohn's Disease: A Screening Study in First Degree Relatives[NCT03291743]		38 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-02-10	Terminated (stopped due to Death of Principal Investigator)
Identification of Predictive Biomarkers for Response to Biologic Therapies and Tofacitinib in Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Proteomic and Mass Cytometry Approaches[NCT03885713]	Phase 4	180 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-09-10	Recruiting
Improving OutcoMes in the Pediatric to Adult Care Transition in Inflammatory Bowel Disease[NCT02085083]		150 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-07-31	Completed
Curcumin in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Forced Dose Titration Study[NCT00889161]	Phase 1	11 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-05-31	Completed
Non-Pharmacologic Alternatives for the Treatment of Childhood Obesity in Mexico[NCT03670875]		300 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-07-31	Completed
Phase 2a Randomised Double-blind Placebo-controlled Trial to Assess Safety, Efficacy of Artesunate & Curcumin in Crohn's Disease Patients, Who Continue to Have Mild to Moderate Disease Activity on an Adequate Dose of Azathioprine[NCT04713631]	Phase 2	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-01-21	Recruiting
The Correlation Between Anemia of Chronic Diseases, Hepcidin and Vitamin D in IBD Patients[NCT03145896]		40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-06-01	Not yet recruiting
Effect of Aloe Vera in the Inflammation of Patients With Mild Ulcerative Colitis[NCT01783119]	Early Phase 1	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-08-31	Recruiting
The Effect of Sulfasalazine on CRH Levels in Pregnant Women With a History of Pre-Term Birth: A Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT05703425]	Phase 2	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-03-01	Recruiting
Decisional Influences and IBD Patients' Medication Use[NCT00968721]		55 participants (Actual)	Observational	2010-06-30	Terminated (stopped due to lack of support)
A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Curcumin Versus Placebo for Prevention of Relapse in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis[NCT03122613]		29 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-06-19	Terminated (stopped due to Decision made by team of investigators)
A Randomized, Controlled, Open-label Study to Assess the Efficacy of T2 Versus Azathioprine for the Maintenance of Clinical and Endoscopic Remission in Subjects With Crohn's Disease After Surgical Resection[NCT01015391]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2009-11-30	Recruiting
Synbiotic Treatment in Crohn's Disease Patients[NCT00305409]		50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2006-06-30	Completed
Hypnotherapy for Prevention of Relapse in Ulcerative Colitis: a Randomised, Single-blind, Controlled Clinical Trial[NCT00553163]		26 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-10-31	Terminated (stopped due to Unable to recruit sufficient numbers of patinets in the time available)
An Observational Study of the Immunopathogenesis of and Response to Step-Up Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapy for Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome-Associated Colitis[NCT00514982]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-08-07	Withdrawn
A Randomized Open-label Two-arm Pilot Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Trichuris Suis Ova for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Chronic Plaque Psoriasis. Protocol: Psoriasis IIT[NCT01836939]	Phase 1	8 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-03-31	Completed
An Open-label Pilot Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Trichuris Suis Ova for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Chronic Plaque Psoriasis[NCT01948271]	Phase 1	3 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-07-31	Terminated (stopped due to lack of efficacy)
Use of Autologous Adult Adipose-Derived Stem/Stromal Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease[NCT02952131]	Phase 1/Phase 2	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-11-30	Enrolling by invitation
NIH SUBSTUDY:Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group Proof-of-concept Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Two Single Infusions of AIN457 in Patients With Moderate to Severe Active Crohn's Disease[NCT00936585]		2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-07-31	Terminated (stopped due to Study halted by the sponsor)
An Investigator Initiated Study of Monocyte Biomarkers in Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis Subjects Treated With Apremilast[NCT03442088]	Phase 2	28 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-06-01	Completed
Role of Information and Communication Technologies for Health Support in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: The DAMASCO Trial (Stage I)[NCT04893928]		351 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2021-05-03	Recruiting
Risk-stratified Randomized Controlled Trial in Paediatric Crohn Disease:Methotrexate vs Azathioprine or Adalimumab for Maintaining Remission in Patients at Low or High Risk for Aggressive Disease Course, respectively-a Treatment Strategy[NCT02852694]	Phase 4	312 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-02-28	Recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

The number of participant fatalities was evaluated throughout the study. (NCT00705614)
Timeframe: Up to 5 Years

Number of Participants With Demyelinating Neurological Disorders

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Remicade	30
Standard Therapy	14
Switched to Remicade	4

The number of participants with demyelinating neurological disorders was evaluated. Demyelinating neurological disorders were defined as multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis, peripheral syndromes such as peripheral neuropathy, mononeuropathy multipex, cranial neuropathies, Guillain-Barré syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, and transverse myelitis. (NCT00705614)
Timeframe: Up to 5 Years

Number of Participants With Hematologic Conditions

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Remicade	4
Standard Therapy	1
Switched to Remicade	0

The number of participants wtih hematologic conditions was evaluated. A hematologic condition was defined as thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, pancytopenia, granulocytopenia, leukopenia, or aplastic anemia. (NCT00705614)
Timeframe: Up to 5 Years

Number of Participants With Infusion-Related Reactions/Hypersensitivity

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Remicade	50
Standard Therapy	11
Switched to Remicade	7

The number of participants with infusion-related reactions and/or hypersensitivity was evaluated. An infuson-related reaction/hypersensitivity was defined as as an acute reaction, including anaphylactic shock that occurs after the onset of the infusion or within the 1- to 2-hour observation period following the end of the infusion. Delayed hypersensitivity reactions (myalgia and/or arthralgia with fever and rash within 14 days of the infusion) were included. (NCT00705614)
Timeframe: Up to 5 Years

Number of Participants With Lymphoproliferative Disorders/Malignancies

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Remicade	173
Standard Therapy	1
Switched to Remicade	28

The number of participants wtih lymphoproliferative disorders and/or malignancies was evaluated. A lymphoproliferative disorder and /or malignancy included, but was not limited to, lymphoma, gastrointestinal cancer, skin cancer (including basocellular and squamous carcinoma, melanoma) and in situ cervical carcinoma. (NCT00705614)
Timeframe: Up to 5 Years

Number of Participants With New or Worsening Congestive Heart Failure

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Remicade	49
Standard Therapy	21
Switched to Remicade	8

The number of participants with new or worsening congestive heart failure was evaluated throughout the study. (NCT00705614)
Timeframe: Up to 5 Years

Number of Participants With Serious Infections

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Remicade	1
Standard Therapy	1
Switched to Remicade	0

The number of participants experiencing serious infections was evaluated. Serious infections included, but were not limited to, tuberculosis, opportunistic infections (such as Pneumocystis carinii [PCP] pneumonia, listeriosis, atypical mycobacteria, and histoplasmosis), salmonellosis,and serious viral infections. (NCT00705614)
Timeframe: Up to 5 Years

Duration of Participant Hospital Stays for Crohn's Disease in the Prior 6 Months

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Remicade	132
Standard Therapy	47
Switched to Remicade	18

The duration of hospital stays for Crohn's Disease in the prior 6 months was evaluated at each study visit. (NCT00705614)
Timeframe: Up to 5 Years

Number of Participant Hospital Stays for Crohn's Disease in the Prior 6 Months

Intervention	Days (Mean)
	Visit 1 (Baseline; n=657,418 ,0)	Visit 2 (n=304,126, 33)	Visit 3 (n=216, 58, 35)	Visit 4 (n=151, 60, 24)	Visit 5 (n=105, 35, 34)	Visit 6 (n=107, 49, 19)	Visit 7 (n=109, 45, 25)	Visit 8 (n=98, 29, 23)	Visit 9 (n=80, 38, 17)	Visit 10 (n=85, 29, 27)	Visit 11 (n=63, 19, 18)
Remicade	12.2	14.4	14.2	12.6	11.7	10.8	10.6	9.5	12.4	10.1	11.4
Standard Therapy	10.8	12.0	9.4	8.5	9.8	13.7	10.2	16.3	6.9	8.0	8.7
Switched to Remicade	NA	13.0	13.5	9.1	7.1	18.3	10.0	14.7	10.7	9.0	18.1

The number of participant hospital stays for Crohn's Disease in the prior 6 months was evaluated at each study visit. (NCT00705614)
Timeframe: Up to 5 Years

Number of Participant Surgical Procedures for Crohn's Disease in the Prior 6 Months

Intervention	Hospital Stays (Mean)
	Visit 1 (Baseline; n=1539, 1121, 0)	Visit 2 (n=1418, 920, 100)	Visit 3 (n=1334, 827, 152)	Visit 4 (n=1285, 779, 168)	Visit 5 (n=1221, 714, 188)	Visit 6 (n=1170, 665, 208)	Visit 7 (n=1111, 615, 219)	Visit 8 (n=1099, 589, 233)	Visit 9 (n=1046, 562, 229)	Visit 10 (n=1031, 535, 235)	Visit 11 (n=1006, 541, 248)
Remicade	0.7	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Standard Therapy	0.5	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switched to Remicade	NA	0.5	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1

The number of participants undergoing surgical procedures for Crohn's Disease in the prior 6 months was evaluated at each study visit. (NCT00705614)
Timeframe: Up to 5 Years

Number of Participants With a Draining Fistula By Study Visit

Intervention	Surgical Procedures (Number)
	Visit 1 (Basline; n=660, 419, 0)	Visit 2 (n=304, 126, 33)	Visit 3 (n=217, 57, 36)	Visit 4 (n=153, 60, 24)	Visit 5 (n=106, 36, 34)	Visit 6 (n=108, 49, 19)	Visit 7 (n=109, 45, 25)	Visit 8 (n=98, 29, 23)	Visit 9 (n=82, 38, 17)	Visit 10 (n=85, 29, 27)	Visit 11 (n=63, 19, 18)
Remicade	171	135	121	68	50	49	48	43	38	38	34
Standard Therapy	81	51	23	16	14	21	20	12	13	13	6
Switched to Remicade	NA	7	12	8	14	11	6	7	8	8	8

The number of participants with a draining fistula was evaluated at each study visit. (NCT00705614)
Timeframe: Up to 5 Years

Participant Assessment of Overall Health Status By Study Visit

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	Visit 1 (Baseline; n=1541, 1120, 0)	Visit 2 (n=1420, 920, 100)	Visit 3 (n=1334, 827, 152)	Visit 4 (n=1285, 779, 168)	Visit 5 (n=1221, 714, 188)	Visit 6 (n=1169, 666, 208)	Visit 7 (n=1110, 615, 219)	Visit 8 (n=1097, 588, 233)	Visit 9 (n=1046, 562, 229)	Visit 10 (n=1030, 535, 235)	Visit 11 (n=1006, 541, 248)
Remicade	349	211	170	146	125	114	97	105	98	85	87
Standard Therapy	96	51	41	31	29	26	31	23	32	15	16
Switched to Remicade	NA	16	19	12	15	15	15	16	15	20	20

The participant assessment of overall health status was evaluated at baseline and each study visit. The overall health status questionnaire asked participants to rate their current health status over the prior 24 hours as 1=best possible, 2=much better than average, 3=better than average, 4=average, 5=worse than average, 6=much worse than average, or 7=worst possible. Scores ranged from 1 to 7 with lower scores indicating better health status. (NCT00705614)
Timeframe: Up to 5 Years

The Harvey-Bradshaw Index of Crohn's Disease Activity By Study Visit

Intervention	Score on a Scale (Mean)
	Visit 1 (Baseline; n=1526, 1116, 0)	Visit 2 (n=1344, 903, 95)	Visit 3 (n=1280, 809, 146)	Visit 4 (n=1217, 755, 162)	Visit 5 (n=1160, 704, 184)	Visit 6 (n=1110, 649, 202)	Visit 7 (n=1046, 606, 212)	Visit 8 (n=1044, 573, 221)	Visit 9 (n=999, 544, 223)	Visit 10 (n=963, 520, 227)	Visit 11 (n=956, 527, 235)
Remicade	4.3	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.0	3.0
Standard Therapy	3.9	3.3	3.1	3.0	3.1	3.0	3.0	3.0	2.9	2.8	2.8
Switched to Remicade	NA	3.9	3.6	3.5	3.2	3.4	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.1	3.1

The Harvey-Bradshaw Index of Crohn's Disease Acitivity was evaluated at each study visit. The Harvey-Bradshaw Index evaluates participants' general health in the day prior in the domains of well being, abdominal pain, number of liquid stools per day, and abdominal mass and complications and was evaluated on the day of the study visit. The score is derived from a 0-4 score for general well being, 0-3 for abdmonial pain, raw score for number of liquid stools per day, 0-3 for abdominal mass, and raw score for complications. The total score is from 0 to infinity, with lower scores indicating better outcomes. (NCT00705614)
Timeframe: Up to 5 Years

Work/Daily Activity Status Score By Study Visit

Intervention	Score on a Scale (Mean)
	Visit 1 (Baseline; n=1505, 1106, 0)	Visit 2 (n=1320, 876, 91)	Visit 3 (n=1250, 785, 143)	Visit 4 (n=1196, 742, 159)	Visit 5 (n=1127, 692, 181)	Visit 6 (n=1070, 647, 199)	Visit 7 (n=1023, 592, 209)	Visit 8 (n=1015, 562, 224)	Visit 9 (n=953, 546, 219)	Visit 10 (n=936, 526, 225)	Visit 11 (n=918, 525, 238)
Remicade	8.2	4.1	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.4	3.4
Standard Therapy	6.2	3.8	3.5	3.2	3.4	3.1	3.0	3.2	2.9	2.7	2.7
Switched to Remicade	NA	6.0	4.4	4.8	4.9	4.5	4.1	4.1	4.4	4.3	4.2

The participant work/daily activity status score was evaluated at each study visit. The work/daily activity questionnaire asked participants to rate their level of daily functioning on a scale of 1 to 10 with a lower score indicating less of an impact of Crohn's disease on work or daily life functioning. (NCT00705614)
Timeframe: Up to 5 Years

Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score-Anxiety, (HADSA) at Week 13

Intervention	Score on a Scale (Mean)
	Visit 1 (Baseline; n=1496, 1108, 0)	Visit 2 (n=1316, 895, 94)	Visit 3 (n=1235, 797, 143)	Visit 4 (n=1192, 738, 159)	Visit 5 (n=1128, 694, 179)	Visit 6 (n=1077, 638, 201)	Visit 7 (n=1030, 601, 207)	Visit 8 (n=1025, 571, 221)	Visit 9 (n=982, 542, 222)	Visit 10 (n=934, 514, 225)	Visit 11 (n=925, 521, 235)
Remicade	5.9	4.2	3.8	3.6	3.4	3.3	3.2	3.3	3.3	3.1	3.2
Standard Therapy	4.9	3.7	3.2	2.9	3.0	2.7	2.8	2.7	2.6	2.4	2.4
Switched to Remicade	NA	5.5	4.8	4.3	4.0	3.9	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.6	3.6

Measure of anxiety, HADS Hospital anxiety and depression scale. HADS questionnaire consists of a 14 question validated questionnaire, developed to measure anxiety and depression in the hospital setting. Each item is answered by the patient on a four point (0-3) response category so the possible scores range from 0 (minimum) to 21 (maximum) for anxiety and 0 (minimum) to 21 (maximum) for depression. Higher scores indicate worse outcome, (NCT00553163)
Timeframe: 13 weeks

Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score-Depression (HADSD)

Intervention	score on a scale (Median)
UC Patients Given Gut-focussed Hpynotherapy	7
UC Patients Given Control Educational Sessions	10

Measure of depression. Each item is answered by the patient on a four point (0-3) response category so the possible scores range from 0 to 21 for anxiety and 0 to 21 for depression. Each item is answered by the patient on a four point (0-3) response category so the possible scores range from 0 (minimum) to 21 (maximum) for anxiety and (minimum) to 21 (maximum) for depression. Higher scores worse outcome. (NCT00553163)
Timeframe: 13 weeks

Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) at Week 13

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
UC Patients Given Gut-focussed Hypnotherapy	1.5
UC Patients Given Control Educational Sessions	4

IBDQ (standard measure of IBD patients' Quality of life (QoL) (Irvine et al 1982 approx). The IBDQ is a validated and reliable tool to measure of health-related quality of life in adult patients with IBD. The questionnaire consists of 32 questions scored in four domains: bowel symptoms, emotional health, systemic systems and social function. Scores range from 1 (poorest QoL) to 7 (best QoL). Higher scores indicate better QoL. Lowest score 7, highest score 224. (NCT00553163)
Timeframe: 13 weeks

Perceived Stress Questionnaire-Recent (PSQ-R)

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
UC Patients Given Gut-focussed Hypnotherapy	195
UC Patients Given Control Educational Sessions	192

Measure of recent psychological stress. THE PSQ R consists of a 30 question questionnaires: recent, in which the statements used apply to the last month in which used statements apply to the last two years (Appendix 1.3). The score for both recent and general stress levels were stated as the PSQ index ranging from 0 (non-stressed) to 0.99 (highly stressed). Higher scores indicate worse outcome. (NCT00553163)
Timeframe: 13 weeks

Relapse at 1 Year

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
UC Patients Given Gut-focussed Hypnotherapy	0.3
UC Patients Given Control Educational Sessions	0.4

The number of patients suffering a relapse was compared between the two treatment groups, and was the primary outcome parameter of this study. (NCT00553163)
Timeframe: 1 year

Change in IL-17

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
UC Patients Given Gut-focussed Hypnotherapy	8
UC Patients Given Control Educational Sessions	7

To assess change in IL-17 in the identified patient AM-endotype computing relative percent reduction for each subject being treated and serum marker. The median and other summary statistics of these percent change values will be computed (NCT03442088)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 16

Change in Serum Myeloperoxidase

Intervention	Pg/mL (Mean)
	Baseline	Week 16
Apremilast for Treatment of Psoriasis With the AM-endotype	1.513	-0.8315

To assess change in serum myeloperoxidase in the identified patient AM-endotype computing relative percent reduction for each subject being treated and serum marker. The median and other summary statistics of these percent change values will be computed (NCT03442088)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 16

Change in Tissue Factor

Intervention	Pg/mL (Mean)
	Baseline	Week 16
Apremilast for Treatment of Psoriasis With the AM-endotype	24198	24294

To assess change in Tissue Factor in the identified patient AM-endotype computing relative percent reduction for each subject being treated and serum marker. The median and other summary statistics of these percent change values will be computed (NCT03442088)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 16

Change in TNF Alpha

Intervention	Pg/mL (Mean)
	Baseline	Week 16
Apremilast for Treatment of Psoriasis With the AM-endotype	72.28	75.52

To assess change in in the identified patient AM-endotype computing relative percent reduction for each subject being treated and serum marker. The median and other summary statistics of these percent change values will be computed (NCT03442088)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 16

The Primary Outcome Measure Will be to Evaluate Change in Aberrant Inflammatory Profiles of Activated Blood Monocytes (Aberrant-monocyte Endotype Patients (AM-endotype).

Intervention	Pg/mL (Mean)
	Baseline	Week 16
Apremilast for Treatment of Psoriasis With the AM-endotype	14.95	14.26

For each subject, we will identify a target biomarker of abnormally elevated monocytes, among 1.) intermediate, or 2.) doublets, or 3.) platelet doubles. Each subject will thus have one identified monocyte biomarker for which relative percent change will be its basis for analysis in the primary outcome measure. We will specifically assess change from baseline to 16 weeks by computing relative percent reduction for each subject being treated. Note for example that a change of 1.5% to 1.2% is (1 - (1.2/1.5))*100% = 20% reduction. The median and other summary statistics of these percent change values will be computed. Wilcoxon's signed rank test will be used to evaluate the null hypothesis of the median percent change being 0. (NCT03442088)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 16

mesalamine and Crohn Disease