mercaptopurine and Lupus-Erythematosus--Systemic

Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Autoantigens; Autoimmune Diseases; B-Lymphocytes; Cells, Cultured; DNA; Epitopes; Female; Haptens; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Immunoglobulin G; Immunosuppression Therapy; Immunosuppressive Agents; Immunotherapy; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Nucleosides; T-Lymphocytes

Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Alkylating Agents; Anemia; Anemia, Aplastic; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Antilymphocyte Serum; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Colchicine; Cyclosporins; Danazol; Female; Hepatitis, Chronic; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Immunosuppressive Agents; Levamisole; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Multiple Sclerosis; Pregnancy

Pure red cell aplasia is a selective aplasia of the marrow erythroid cells. Unlike aplastic anemia, the marrow has a normal cellularity and the patients generally have normal leukocyte and platelet blood counts. The congenital form of the disease occurs in the firlst 1 1/2 years of life and is often responsive to corticosteroids. The acquired form may be secondary to infections, drugs, chemicals, or hemolytic anemia (aplastic crisis). In these cases it is often acute and self-limited with cessation of the infection or drug ingestion. It may also be secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, acute severe renal failure, severe nutritional deficiency, or diverse neoplasms, and may remit with treatment of the primary condition. When a thymoma is present, it should be resected since a remission is produced in 29 per cent of these patients. The remaining patients have an acquired primary form of the disease that tends to be chronic and in some cases may have an immune pathogenesis. A cytotoxic immunoglobulin inhibitor of the marrow erythroid cells or erythropoietin has been described and these patients may respond to prednisone and/or to cytotoxic immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclophosphamide and 6-mercaptopurine. Pure red cell aplasia appears to be more common than the literature has revealed and has stimulated much investigation into an immune pathogenesis for marrow failure.

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Anemia, Aplastic; Antilymphocyte Serum; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Blood Cell Count; Blood Transfusion; Cyclophosphamide; Deficiency Diseases; Erythropoietin; Humans; Immune System Diseases; Infections; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Prednisone; Remission, Spontaneous; Splenectomy; Thymoma; Thymus Neoplasms

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Aspirin; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis; Hepatitis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Liver Cirrhosis; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Mice; Mice, Inbred NZB; Multiple Sclerosis; Nephritis; Nephrosis; Nitrogen Mustard Compounds; Penicillins; Psoriasis; Uveitis, Anterior

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Cyclophosphamide; Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis; Hepatitis; Humans; Immune Complex Diseases; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infections; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Nephrotic Syndrome; Ophthalmia, Sympathetic; Psoriasis; Thioguanine; Uveitis

Topics: Alkylating Agents; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Antibodies; Antimetabolites; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Cyclophosphamide; Dermatomyositis; Factor VIII; Hepatitis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Prednisolone; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic; Scleroderma, Systemic

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antimetabolites; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Liver Diseases; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Neutrophils

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Animals; Antibody Formation; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Pemphigus; Skin Diseases

Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Collagen Diseases; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Spondylitis, Ankylosing; Thiotepa; Triaziquone

Topics: Alkylating Agents; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Antibodies; Antimetabolites; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Clinical Trials as Topic; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Cyclophosphamide; Dermatomyositis; Factor VIII; Hepatitis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Prednisolone; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic; Scleroderma, Systemic

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Azathioprine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Polyarteritis Nodosa; Purpura

Topics: Antimetabolites; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cortisone; Dermatomyositis; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Polyarteritis Nodosa; Scleroderma, Systemic; Skin Diseases

About 15% to 28% of patients treated with thiopurines experienced adverse drug reactions, such as haematological and hepatic toxicities. Some of these related to the polymorphic activity of the thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT), the key detoxifying enzyme of thiopurine metabolism. We report here a case of thiopurine-induced ductopenia with a comprehensive pharmacological analysis on thiopurine metabolism. A 34-year-old woman, with a medical history of severe systemic lupus erythematosus with recent introduction of azathioprine therapy, presented with mild fluctuating transaminase blood levels consistent with a hepatocellular pattern, which evolved to a cholestatic pattern over the next weeks. A blood thiopurine metabolite assay revealed low 6-thioguanine nucleotides (6-TGN) level and a dramatically increased 6-methylmercaptopurine ribonucleotides (6-MMPN) level, together with an unfavourable [6-MMPN:6-TGN] metabolite ratio and a high TPMT activity. After a total of about 6 months of thiopurine therapy, a transjugular liver biopsy revealed a ductopenia, and azathioprine discontinuation led to further clinical improvement. In line with previous reports from the literature, our case supports the fact that ductopenia is a rare adverse drug reaction of azathioprine. The mechanism of reaction is unknown but may involve high 6-MMPN blood level, due to unusual thiopurine metabolism (switched metabolism). Early therapeutic drug monitoring with measurement of 6-TGN and 6-MMPN blood levels may help physicians to identify patients at risk of similar duct injury.

Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Bile Ducts; Female; Guanine Nucleotides; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Thioguanine; Thionucleotides

Topics: Antirheumatic Agents; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Pregnancy

Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms are a potentially life-threatening consequence of treatment for autoimmune disease (AID) and an emerging clinical phenomenon.. To query the association of cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulating agents to treat patients with AID with the risk for developing myeloid neoplasm.. This retrospective case-control study and medical record review included 40 011 patients with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, coded diagnosis of primary AID who were seen at 2 centers from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2014; of these, 311 patients had a concomitant coded diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Eighty-six cases met strict inclusion criteria. A case-control match was performed at a 2:1 ratio.. Odds ratio (OR) assessment for AID-directed therapies.. Among the 86 patients who met inclusion criteria (49 men [57%]; 37 women [43%]; mean [SD] age, 72.3 [15.6] years), 55 (64.0%) had MDS, 21 (24.4%) had de novo AML, and 10 (11.6%) had AML and a history of MDS. Rheumatoid arthritis (23 [26.7%]), psoriasis (18 [20.9%]), and systemic lupus erythematosus (12 [14.0%]) were the most common autoimmune profiles. Median time from onset of AID to diagnosis of myeloid neoplasm was 8 (interquartile range, 4-15) years. A total of 57 of 86 cases (66.3%) received a cytotoxic or an immunomodulating agent. In the comparison group of 172 controls (98 men [57.0%]; 74 women [43.0%]; mean [SD] age, 72.7 [13.8] years), 105 (61.0%) received either agent (P = .50). Azathioprine sodium use was observed more frequently in cases (odds ratio [OR], 7.05; 95% CI, 2.35- 21.13; P < .001). Notable but insignificant case cohort use among cytotoxic agents was found for exposure to cyclophosphamide (OR, 3.58; 95% CI, 0.91-14.11) followed by mitoxantrone hydrochloride (OR, 2.73; 95% CI, 0.23-33.0). Methotrexate sodium (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.29-1.22), mercaptopurine (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.15-2.53), and mycophenolate mofetil hydrochloride (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.21-2.03) had favorable ORs that were not statistically significant. No significant association between a specific length of time of exposure to an agent and the drug's category was observed.. In a large population with primary AID, azathioprine exposure was associated with a 7-fold risk for myeloid neoplasm. The control and case cohorts had similar systemic exposures by agent category. No association was found for anti-tumor necrosis factor agents. Finally, no timeline was found for the association of drug exposure with the incidence in development of myeloid neoplasm.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Case-Control Studies; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Incidence; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Mitoxantrone; Mycophenolic Acid; Myelodysplastic Syndromes; Odds Ratio; Psoriasis; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; United States

Topics: Antirheumatic Agents; Female; Humans; Hydroxychloroquine; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome; Young Adult

Topics: 5'-Nucleotidase; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase; Immunoglobulin M; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Methyltransferases; Reference Values; Rheumatoid Factor

Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Dogs; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Immunocompetence; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Transplantation; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Prednisone; Rabbits

An infant born with preaxial polydactyly to a mother taking azathioprine throughout pregnancy is described. Experimental studies in animals reveal a teratogenic role for azathioprine and its main metabolite, 6-mercaptopurine. The skeletal system appears to be the primary tissue target for such action of these drugs. Although no direct cause-effect relationship can be established from the single case presented, the similarity of this anomaly to experimental azathioprine teratogenesis suggests the necessity for further surveillance.

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Adult; Animals; Azathioprine; Female; Fingers; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Rats

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cyclophosphamide; Dipyridamole; Female; Heparin; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Nephritis; Prednisolone

Topics: Antigen-Antibody Complex; Chronic Disease; Complement System Proteins; Cortisone; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Factor VIII; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Prednisolone; Streptococcal Infections

For treatment of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematodes, which are initiated or sustained by immune-pathological mechanisms, various "immunosuppressive" drugs are used. There are conflicting data as to the benefit of this type of therapy. In this paper it is attempted to define a base for a more differentiated application of available drugs, since the present therapeutic approach seems rather empiric or is deducted from analogy to selected animal experiments. The investigations presented focus primarily on the behaviour of the small and medium lymphocytes of the organism, the adopted carriers of immunological (as well as autoimmune) reactivity, under conventional conditions (and under the influence of suitable drugs) as a biological supposition for the activity of "immunosuppressives". In rabbits, and mice, number and rate of proliferation of lymphoid cells is determined in untreated controls and animals treated with 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and cyclophosphamide (Cy), two immunosuppressive agents representing different types of pharmacological action. The elucidation why in rabbits both substances are equally immunosuppressive, whereas in mice only Cy has significant immunosuppressive activity, yields the base for a therapeutic concept of clinical immunosuppression. This species dependent activity of 6-MP can be explained by different proliferation kinetics of lymphoid cells in mouse and rabbit. Lymphocytes of the rabbit, compared to those of mice, are short-lived and have a distinctly higher proliferation rate. Thus, 6-MP, as an antiproliferative agent, leads, in the rabbit (under long-term as well as single-dose therapy) to a significant reduction of the number of small lymphocytes, whereas it reduces the long-lived lymphocytes of the mouse only marginally, thus explaining the good immunosuppressive potency in the rabbit and failure in the mouse. Cy leads, in both species, to a marked reduction of small lymphocytes and affects the long-lived cells of the mouse as well, resulting in high immunosuppressive potency in both species. In the NZB mouse, a well-fitting model of human lupus erythomatodes, Cy is successful in prophylaxis and therapy. A similar therapeutic effect cannot be obtained with 6-MP. Neither of the two groups of substances revealed selective activity on circulating T- or B-cells. According to the literature available, lymphocytes in humans are predominantly long-lived, too. Accordingly, Cy possesses a good im

Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Autoimmune Diseases; Cell Division; Cell Survival; Cyclophosphamide; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Lymphocytes; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Mice, Inbred NZB; Rabbits; Rheumatic Diseases; Species Specificity

The radiographic and endoscopic features of the colonic ulcers during the course of a case of systemic lupus erythematosus are illustrated. Barium enema revealed the "collar button" type of penetrating ulcers in the left half of the colon and endoscopy demonstrated multiple round- or oval-shaped discrete ulcers, so-called "punched-out" ulcers with pale mucosa. These findings are compared with those of the reported cases of systemic lupus erythematosus and ulcerative colitis. Steroid and 6-mercaptopurine therapy was effective in this case.

Topics: Adult; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colonic Diseases; Diagnosis, Differential; Endoscopy; Female; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Prednisolone; Radiography; Ulcer

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Autopsy; Azathioprine; Brain; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Infection Control; Infections; Kidney Transplantation; Lung; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Myocardium; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prednisone; Toxoplasmosis; Transplantation, Homologous

Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Evaluation; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prednisone

Topics: Adolescent; Cataract; Child; Child, Preschool; Cyclophosphamide; Dexamethasone; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Nephrotic Syndrome; Paramethasone; Prednisolone; Retrospective Studies; Time Factors; Visual Acuity

Topics: Brain Damage, Chronic; Brain Diseases; Child; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine

Topics: Adolescent; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cholestasis; Chronic Disease; Dermatomyositis; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Polyarteritis Nodosa; Scleroderma, Systemic; Time Factors

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Time Factors

Topics: Adult; Biopsy; Diagnosis, Differential; Glucocorticoids; Hemoptysis; Hemosiderosis; Humans; Lung Diseases; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Basement Membrane; Biopsy; Chloroquine; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glomerulonephritis; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Hyperplasia; Kidney Glomerulus; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Nephritis; Prednisolone

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Antibodies, Antinuclear; Arthritis, Juvenile; Azathioprine; Bone Marrow; Child; Complement Fixation Tests; Cyclophosphamide; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Neutrophils; Prednisolone; Prednisone; Serologic Tests; Vascular Diseases

Topics: Basement Membrane; Capillaries; Hemosiderosis; Humans; Immune Complex Diseases; Lung; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Microscopy, Electron

Topics: Antigens; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Drug Synergism; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Immunity; Immunity, Cellular; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Pemphigus; Polyarteritis Nodosa

Topics: Antibodies, Antinuclear; Autoantibodies; Azathioprine; Child; Collagen Diseases; Cyclophosphamide; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Hydrazines; Immunosuppression Therapy; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Prednisone; Procarbazine

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Antinuclear; Azathioprine; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prednisone; Remission, Spontaneous; Serologic Tests; Sex Factors

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Antimetabolites; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Long-Term Care; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic

Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Antigen-Antibody Complex; Autoantibodies; Autoimmune Diseases; Bone Marrow; Coombs Test; Cyclophosphamide; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; gamma-Globulins; Hematocrit; Immunity, Cellular; Kidney; Leukocyte Count; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Lymphocytes; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Monocytes

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Antibody Formation; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Autoimmune Diseases; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Liver; Liver Function Tests; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Lymphocyte Activation; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Time Factors

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antimalarials; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Diseases; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prednisolone; Sex Factors

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Hair; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Melphalan; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Neoplasms; Scleroderma, Systemic; Skin Diseases; Vinblastine

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Antineoplastic Agents; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Collagen Diseases; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Sjogren's Syndrome; Thrombocytopenia

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Chlorambucil; Cortisone; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Kidney; Leukopenia; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mechlorethamine; Mercaptopurine; Prednisolone; Proteinuria; Racial Groups; Serum Albumin; Sex Factors; Thioguanine

Topics: Adult; Amides; Antibodies, Antinuclear; Azathioprine; Dactinomycin; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Hydrazines; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Prednisone; Toluene

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Chronic Disease; Collagen Diseases; Cyclophosphamide; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Phytotherapy; Plants, Medicinal; Plants, Toxic; Podophyllum; Prednisolone; Spondylitis, Ankylosing; Thiotepa; Triaziquone

Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Chronic Disease; Cortisone; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Hepatitis; Hepatitis A; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Long-Term Care; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Penicillamine; Tuberculosis, Hepatic

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Condylomata Acuminata; Fluorouracil; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Papilloma; Pemphigus; Precancerous Conditions; Psoriasis; Scleroderma, Systemic; Skin Diseases; Skin Neoplasms; Virus Diseases

Topics: Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Diseases; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Menopause; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged

Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Collagen Diseases; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Thioguanine

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Scleroderma, Systemic

Topics: Dermatomyositis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Pemphigus; Scleroderma, Systemic; Skin Diseases

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Transplantation; Lectins; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic; Streptolysins

Topics: Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Collagen Diseases; Diabetic Nephropathies; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Diseases; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Nephrotic Syndrome

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Nitrogen Mustard Compounds; Thrombocytopenia

Topics: Adult; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged

Topics: Adult; Aged; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Culture Techniques; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lectins; Leukocyte Count; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Stimulation, Chemical; Streptolysins

Topics: Adult; Autoimmune Diseases; Female; Hepatitis; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Neutrophils; Serologic Tests

Topics: Adult; Aged; Autoimmune Diseases; Child, Preschool; Cortisone; Dermatomyositis; Female; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Scleroderma, Systemic

Topics: Adult; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cholestasis; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Leukemia; Liver Function Tests; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged

Topics: Adolescent; Autoantibodies; DNA; Erythrocyte Aggregation; Factor V; Factor VIII; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Kidney; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic

Topics: Adolescent; Arthritis, Juvenile; Cataract; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloroquine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Dermatomyositis; Female; Humans; Infant; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Nephrosis; Prednisolone; Purpura

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bone Marrow; Female; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prednisone

Topics: Biopsy; Follow-Up Studies; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Kidney Function Tests; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Nitrogen Mustard Compounds; Prednisone; Prognosis

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Nitrogen Mustard Compounds; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic; Thioguanine

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Cortisone; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Nephritis, Interstitial; Nephrotic Syndrome; Prednisone

Topics: Bone Marrow; Chloramphenicol; Female; Hematocrit; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukocyte Count; Leukopenia; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Pneumonia; Prednisone

Topics: Aged; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Nephritis

Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Cataract; Child; Chloroquine; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Therapy; Fluprednisolone; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Nephrotic Syndrome; Paramethasone; Prednisone; Sulfisoxazole; Toxicology; Triamcinolone

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aged; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Asthma; Azathioprine; Collagen Diseases; Female; Humans; Leukopenia; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Polyarteritis Nodosa; Polymyalgia Rheumatica; Thyroiditis

Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Diagnosis, Differential; Enzymes; Hepatitis; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Liver Cirrhosis; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Transaminases

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Aplastic; Biopsy; Child; Female; Humans; Kidney; Leukopenia; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Microscopy, Electron; Nephrotic Syndrome; Proteinuria; Thrombocytopenia

Topics: Adolescent; Anemia; Anemia, Pernicious; Antineoplastic Agents; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Drug Therapy; gamma-Globulins; Gastritis; Glossitis; Hepatitis; Hepatitis, Chronic; Humans; Liver Function Tests; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Prednisolone; Promazine; Thyroiditis; Toxicology; Transaminases; Transplantation Immunology

Topics: Albuminuria; Chloroquine; Diuretics; Edema; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Nephritis; Nephrosis; Perinephritis; Prednisolone

Topics: Albuminuria; Drug Therapy; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Leukopenia; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Lupus Nephritis; Mercaptopurine; Toxicology

Topics: Female; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications

Topics: Agammaglobulinemia; Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Antimetabolites; Autoimmune Diseases; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Encephalomyelitis; Hepatitis; Hypersensitivity; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; National Institutes of Health (U.S.); Nephrosis; Nephrotic Syndrome; Prednisone; Skin Tests; United States

Topics: Adsorption; Anticoagulants; Chlorambucil; Citrates; Dexamethasone; Edetic Acid; Erythrocytes; Humans; Immune Sera; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Neutrophils; Oxalates; Quinacrine; Serologic Tests; Thrombin

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dermatitis, Contact; Eczema; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Scleroderma, Systemic; Thioguanine

Topics: Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine

Topics: Antibodies; Antibody Formation; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine