mercaptopurine and Glomerulonephritis

Topics: Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; Cyclophosphamide; Cyclosporine; Drug Administration Schedule; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methylprednisolone; Nephrotic Syndrome; Prednisolone; Remission Induction; Rituximab; Tacrolimus

Topics: Adult; Agranulocytosis; Animals; Azathioprine; Child; Cyclophosphamide; Fertility; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Leukopenia; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Nephrotic Syndrome; Prednisolone; Rats; Remission, Spontaneous

Topics: Alkylating Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antimetabolites; Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Child; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Dactinomycin; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mechlorethamine; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Allopurinol; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Bone Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus; Drug Synergism; Duodenal Ulcer; Embolism, Fat; Glomerulonephritis; Histocompatibility; Humans; Hypertension, Renal; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infections; Kidney Glomerulus; Kidney Transplantation; Malabsorption Syndromes; Male; Mercaptopurine; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neoplasms; Obesity; Osteoporosis; Pancreatitis; Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage; Phenylbutazone; Postoperative Complications; Proteinuria; Transplantation, Homologous

The metabolism of azathioprine (AZA) was studied by monitoring the concentrations of red blood cell (RBC) 6-thioguanine nucleotides (6-TGN) and of 6-methylmercaptopurine metabolites (6-mMP) in 27 renal transplantation recipients and in 10 patient subjects with glomerulonephritis (GN). Concentrations of 6-TGNs and 6-mMP metabolites were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Six patients from the group of renal transplantation recipients were also administered allopurinol. Median values of RBC 6-TGN and of 6-mMP metabolites concentrations in 21 renal transplantation recipients (without allopurinol) were 122 pmol/8x10(8) RBCs (range, <60-298) and 280 pmol/8x10(8) RBC (range, <150-1330), respectively; there was no correlation between concentrations of 6-TGN and of 6-mMP metabolites. The group of 21 renal transplantation recipients received different AZA doses (100 or 50 mg/d) related to clinical symptoms of AZA intolerance. The median values of 6-TGN concentrations in these subgroups were 131 and 122 pmol/8x10(8) RBCs and were not significantly different. Median values of 6-TGN concentrations in patients given allopurinol were significantly higher, despite AZA dose reduction, compared with the group without allopurinol and were equal to 363 and 122 pmol/8x10(8) RBC, p < 0.004, respectively. No significant differences were found between the concentrations of 6-mMP metabolites in either group. In the group of renal transplantation recipients, a significant correlation between white blood cell (WBC) count and 6-TGN concentration was established (r(s) = -0.59, p < 0.005). In the group of GN patients, the median values of 6-TGN and of 6-mMP metabolites concentrations were 108 pmol/8x10(8) RBCs (range, 0-297) and 420 pmol/8x10(8) RBC (range, 0-1440), respectively. There were no significant correlations between either the WBC count and 6-TGN concentrations or between 6-TGN concentrations and 6-mMP metabolites. We expect the results of our study to provide indications for better individualization of AZA therapy.

Topics: Adult; Allopurinol; Antimetabolites; Azathioprine; Erythrocytes; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Thioguanine

Topics: Adult; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Therapy, Combination; Femur Head Necrosis; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Prednisolone; Radiography

The experimental glomerulonephritis was caused by the intravenous injection of a subnephrotoxic dose of nephrotoxic serum in the mice which had been previously immunized with rabbit IgG and complete Freund's adjuvant. The elevation of urinary protein excretion, serum blood urea nitrogen level and cholesterol level and the decrease of serum albumin level were demonstrated in nephritic mice. Hypercellularity in the glomerulus and hyalinosis in tubular system were observed in histopathological studies. The clinical signs in this experimental model were similar to human glomerulonephritis. In a transfer experiment, sensitized lymphocytes against rabbit IgG were necessary for the onset of disease. Clear remission of glomerulonephritis was indicated by the administration of cyclophosphamide or 6-mercaptopurine. Glucocorticoids showed moderate suppression of the development of this nephritis. These evidences suggest that this experimental model is useful for the immunopharmacological research of glomerulonephritis.

Topics: Animals; Cyclophosphamide; Dexamethasone; Disease Models, Animal; Glomerulonephritis; Hydrocortisone; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Time Factors

In 51 patients with type 1 and 9 patients with type 2 membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, we found a male predominance in both types, a wide age range but with younger patients having predominantly type 2 disease, and clinical presentations that varied and included the nephrotic syndrome, an abnormal urinalysis only, acute nephritis, and recurrent hematuria. Hypertension and impaired renal function at the time of first evaluation, which were present in more than one-third of the patients, presaged a poor prognosis; in most of these patients end-stage renal failure or worsening of renal function occurred. Acute nephritis at onset was also related to a deteriorating course and was especially frequent in patients with type 2 membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Retrospective analysis of treatment regimens, in which patients were given an average of 1 year of therapy with prednisone alone or combined with cytotoxic agents, showed no effect in patients who had progressive forms of the glomerulopathy.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Child; Chlorambucil; Complement C3; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prednisone; Retrospective Studies

Topics: Antigen-Antibody Complex; Chronic Disease; Complement System Proteins; Cortisone; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Factor VIII; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Prednisolone; Streptococcal Infections

Possibility and necessity of the immunosuppressive treatment is considerably determined by the underlying pathologo-anatomical substrate. The uncertainty concerning the chances of the success of such a therapy for the individual patient at least still at present allows a latitude of estimation. From this results the demand for a particularly intensive conscience of the responsibility taken on by us in finding the decision.

Topics: Acute Disease; Antilymphocyte Serum; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Chronic Disease; Cyclophosphamide; Dactinomycin; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Glomerulus; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity by peripheral blood mononuclear cells was evaluated in 25 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis before and after combined vinblastine-cyclophosphamide-6-mercaptopurine-prednisolone therapy. Purified peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the patients mediated normal killed activity before the treatment and a strong suppression of their cytotoxic capacity was observed after the therapy. The possible significance of the inhibitory effect of immunosuppressive cytostatic treatment on human antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity is discussed.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity; Chronic Disease; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Prednisolone; Vinblastine

The following differential effects of immunosuppressive therapy with Cyclophosphamide (CYCLOPH) and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) in the female NZB-NZW F1 hybrid strain have been observed: (1) CYCLOPH but not 6-MP significantly decreased antinuclear antibody level. (2) Both CYCLOPH and 6-MP significantly decreased glomerular cell proliferation. (3) Both CYCLOPH and 6-MP significantly arrested progression of glomerulosclerosis. (4) While CYCLOPH significantly diminished Ig deposition in the glomeruli, 6-MP had no effect on this phenomenon. (5) While CYCLOPH decreased subepidermal globulin deposition in the skin, 6-MP appeared actually to enhance subepidermal staining. Thus, the present studies demonstrated that CYCLOPH was superior to 6-MP in four of the five parameters studied. In the case of one parameter, Ig staining of the skin, 6-MP actually produced enhancement of the staining. Both CYCLOPH and azathioprine which is a derivative of 6-MP, are currently being used for the treatment of human SLE. The present findings suggest that of the two, CYCLOPH may be the drug of choice.

Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Antinuclear; Cell Division; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Glomerulonephritis; Immunoglobulins; Kidney; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Mice, Inbred NZB; Sclerosis; Skin

Topics: Ambulatory Care; Azathioprine; Cyclophosphamide; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Indomethacin; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Mercaptopurine; Renal Dialysis

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Autoimmune Diseases; Azathioprine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cholestasis; Chronic Disease; Dermatomyositis; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Polyarteritis Nodosa; Scleroderma, Systemic; Time Factors

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Crohn Disease; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Glucocorticoids; Hepatitis; Humans; Immunity; Immunity, Cellular; Immunosuppression Therapy; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Nephrotic Syndrome; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic

Topics: Azathioprine; Child; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Basement Membrane; Biopsy; Chloroquine; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glomerulonephritis; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Hyperplasia; Kidney Glomerulus; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Nephritis; Prednisolone

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Antibodies, Antinuclear; Arthritis, Juvenile; Azathioprine; Bone Marrow; Child; Complement Fixation Tests; Cyclophosphamide; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Neutrophils; Prednisolone; Prednisone; Serologic Tests; Vascular Diseases

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Chlorambucil; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Glomerulonephritis; Hematuria; Humans; Kidney Glomerulus; Male; Mechlorethamine; Mercaptopurine; Nephrotic Syndrome; Proteinuria; Purpura

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Chlorambucil; Chronic Disease; Creatine; Cyclophosphamide; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Indomethacin; Mercaptopurine; Prednisone; Proteinuria

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Azathioprine; Child; Chronic Disease; Cyclophosphamide; Glomerulonephritis; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Long-Term Care; Mercaptopurine; Nephrosis, Lipoid; Nephrotic Syndrome; Prednisone; Remission, Spontaneous; Retrospective Studies

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Chlorambucil; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Mercaptopurine; Nitrogen Mustard Compounds; Propylamines

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Chlorambucil; Cortisone; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Kidney; Leukopenia; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mechlorethamine; Mercaptopurine; Prednisolone; Proteinuria; Racial Groups; Serum Albumin; Sex Factors; Thioguanine

Topics: Adolescent; Blood Cell Count; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Marrow Examination; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Function Tests; Liver Function Tests; Male; Mercaptopurine; Nephrotic Syndrome; Pyelonephritis

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Glomerulus; Mercaptopurine; Nephrotic Syndrome; Prednisone

Topics: Adult; Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease; Autoimmune Diseases; Biopsy; Follow-Up Studies; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Kidney Function Tests; Kidney Glomerulus; Male; Mercaptopurine; Prednisone; Proteinuria; Sclerosis

Topics: Acidosis; Blood Pressure; Child; Chronic Disease; Cyclophosphamide; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Dietary Proteins; Diuretics; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Hypertension; Mercaptopurine; Nephrotic Syndrome; Potassium; Prednisone; Reserpine; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Chlorambucil; Chronic Disease; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Male; Mercaptopurine; Prednisolone

Topics: Acetates; Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Blood Pressure; Chloroquine; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Hematuria; Humans; Inulin; Kidney Function Tests; Kidney Glomerulus; Long-Term Care; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Potassium; Prednisolone; Prednisone; Proteinuria; Testosterone; Urea

Topics: Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Collagen Diseases; Diabetic Nephropathies; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Diseases; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Nephrotic Syndrome

Topics: Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Basement Membrane; Biopsy; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Gold; Humans; Kidney; Mercaptopurine; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Prednisolone

Topics: Azathioprine; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Diseases; Mechlorethamine; Mercaptopurine

Topics: Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Chlorambucil; Chronic Disease; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infant; Male; Mechlorethamine; Mercaptopurine; Nephrosis, Lipoid

Topics: Adolescent; Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Child; Child, Preschool; Chlorambucil; Chronic Disease; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Male; Mechlorethamine; Mercaptopurine; Nephrotic Syndrome

Topics: Adolescent; Bone Marrow Examination; Child; Child, Preschool; Erythrocyte Count; Erythropoiesis; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Hematopoietic System; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Nephrotic Syndrome; Prednisone; Pyelonephritis

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Chronic Disease; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Indomethacin; Kidney; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Peritoneal Dialysis; Potassium; Prednisone; Prognosis; Proteinuria; Seizures; Time Factors

Topics: Adult; Basement Membrane; Biopsy; Chlorambucil; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Glucocorticoids; Hematuria; Histological Techniques; Humans; Hypertension, Renal; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Glomerulus; Male; Mechlorethamine; Mercaptopurine; Methods; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Nephrotic Syndrome; Prednisone; Prognosis; Proteinuria; Silver

Topics: Adult; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cholestasis; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Leukemia; Liver Function Tests; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged

Topics: Adolescent; Autoantibodies; DNA; Erythrocyte Aggregation; Factor V; Factor VIII; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Kidney; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic

Topics: Adult; Azathioprine; Biopsy; Chlorambucil; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Kidney Function Tests; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Nephrosis, Lipoid; Nephrotic Syndrome; Serum Albumin

Topics: Biopsy; Follow-Up Studies; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Kidney Function Tests; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Nitrogen Mustard Compounds; Prednisone; Prognosis

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Indomethacin; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Nephrotic Syndrome; Prednisone; Proteinuria

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Chlorambucil; Cortisone; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Nephritis, Interstitial; Nephrotic Syndrome; Prednisone

Topics: Dogs; Glomerulonephritis; Glomerulonephritis, Membranous; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Transplantation; Mercaptopurine; Pathology; Pharmacology; Research; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Homologous

Topics: Allergy and Immunology; Blood Group Antigens; Dactinomycin; Glomerulonephritis; Graft Rejection; Hemagglutination; Hominidae; Imidazoles; Kidney; Kidney Function Tests; Kidney Transplantation; Mercaptopurine; Nephrosclerosis; Pneumonia; Prednisone; Radioisotopes; Radionuclide Imaging; Radiotherapy; Urography

Topics: Allergy and Immunology; Blood Group Antigens; Dactinomycin; Glomerulonephritis; Imidazoles; Kidney; Kidney Function Tests; Kidney Transplantation; Mercaptopurine; Nephrectomy; Polycystic Kidney Diseases; Prednisone; Splenectomy; Transplantation, Homologous

Topics: Embolectomy; Glomerulonephritis; Heart, Artificial; Imidazoles; Kidney Function Tests; Kidney Transplantation; Mercaptopurine; Postoperative Complications; Prednisone; Pulmonary Embolism; Transplantation, Homologous; Vascular Surgical Procedures

Topics: Albuminuria; Chloroquine; Diuretics; Edema; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mercaptopurine; Nephritis; Nephrosis; Perinephritis; Prednisolone

Topics: Abdomen; Abdomen, Acute; Abdominal Cavity; Child; Chlorambucil; Diagnosis; Glomerulonephritis; Hematuria; Humans; IgA Vasculitis; Mechlorethamine; Mercaptopurine; Nephrotic Syndrome; Nitrogen Mustard Compounds; Pathology; Potassium; Prednisone; Purpura