mercaptopurine and Enterocolitis

A 59-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of pancytopenia. Peripheral blood examination showed a WBC of 1,500/microliters with 2% blasts, Hb 8.1 g/dl and a platelet count of 4.1 x 10(4)/microliters. A bone marrow aspiration revealed hyperplasia with proliferation of blasts (15.7%) and myelodysplasia. Chromosome analysis revealed multiple aberrations, including -5, -7, +8. The patient was given a diagnosis of refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB) and treated with combination chemotherapy. Agranulocytosis and high fever remained after chemotherapy, and abdominal pain and diarrhea developed. An abdominal X-ray film and computed tomography scan demonstrated dilated small bowel, thickness of the bowel wall, and ascites. A diagnosis of neutropenic enterocolitis was given. During the WBC recovery period from nadir, massive hematochezia developed in the patient. Angiography detected the leakage of contrast medium from a peripheral region of the first jejunal artery into the jejunal lumen. A partial resection of the jejunum was thus performed, and a histological examination revealed the presence of irregularly dilated blood vessels in the submucosal layer. These findings were consistent with the features of angiodysplasia, and indicate that angiodysplasia should be considered one cause of intestinal hemorrhage in elderly patients during intensive chemotherapy.

Topics: Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts; Angiodysplasia; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Cytarabine; Daunorubicin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Emergencies; Enterocolitis; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Idarubicin; Jejunal Diseases; Male; Mercaptopurine; Middle Aged; Neutropenia; Prednisolone; Vincristine

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Biopsy; Bronchi; Bronchitis; Child; Colon; Drug Resistance; Duodenum; Enterocolitis; Female; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Lymphocytes; Mercaptopurine; Remission Induction

A case of methicillin-resistant staphylococcal (MRSA) enterocolitis following combination chemotherapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia is presented. MRSA enterocolitis has characteristic clinical features of high fever, frequent vomiting and watery diarrhea, and its mortality rate is very high without a proper antibiotic therapy. When the patient with hematological malignancy has the above-mentioned clinical manifestations during antineoplastic chemotherapy, appropriate antibiotics for MRSA should be promptly begun before a bacteriological diagnosis.

Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Cytarabine; Daunorubicin; Enterocolitis; Humans; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methicillin; Middle Aged; Penicillin Resistance; Prednisolone; Remission Induction; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus