mercaptopurine and Body-Weight

Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Oral; Adult; Age Factors; Body Weight; Burkitt Lymphoma; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Child; Choriocarcinoma; Drug Combinations; Female; Folic Acid Antagonists; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Intravenous; Leukemia; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Prednisone; Pregnancy; Time Factors; Vincristine

Active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) (a mixture of polysaccharides, amino acids, lipids and minerals derived from cultured mycelia of a Basidiomycete mushroom, Lentinula edodes) was used to assess amelioration of alopecia (hair loss) caused by cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) and modulation of liver injury caused by single doses 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) plus methotrexate (MTX).. Follicular integrity and hair growth was assessed in male and female SD neonatal rats (8 days old) treated with a single dose of Ara-C (30 mg/kg/day, i.p.) and AHCC (500 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 7 consecutive days. The side effects of a single oral dose of 6-MP (2.5mg/kg body weight) plus MTX (30 mg/kg body weight) and their amelioration by treatment with AHCC (1000 mg/kg body weight) for 28 days were assessed in male ddY mice (8 weeks old).. Of the Ara-C treated rats 71.4% showed severe alopecia and 28.6% showed moderate alopecia. However, the AHCC (p.o.)-treated Ara-C group was significantly protected from alopecia. Ara-C treated rats had profound loss of hair follicles but the Ara-C plus AHCC-treated group had mild losses of follicles. AHCC supplementation to the 6-MP- and MTX-treated mice significantly increased body weight, erythrocytes, leukocytes and serum albumin, improved liver hypertrophy and degeneration, normalized the activities of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (sGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (sGPT), and enhanced liver drug-metabolizing enzymes.. Co-administration of AHCC significantly reduced the side effects associated with Ara-C, 6-MP and MTX. However, the molecular mechanism for AHCC activity and its clinical integrity for use needs defining.

Topics: Alopecia; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Body Weight; Cytarabine; Female; Hair Follicle; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Mice; Polysaccharides; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Shiitake Mushrooms

In order to investigate the toxic effects of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) on placental development, we examined sequential morphology in the placentas from rats exposed to 6-MP. 6-MP was intraperitoneally administered at 60 mg/kg during gestation days (GDs) 11 to 12, and the placentas were sampled on GD 13, 15 or 21. In the 6-MP-treated group, maternal body weight suppression, increased death embryo/fetus ratio and some malformations were observed. The placenta weights were decreased on GDs 15 and 21. Macroscopically, placentas on GD 21 were small, brittle and thin with a white peripheral rim. Histopathologically, in the labyrinth zone, 6-MP treatment mainly evoked decreased mitosis on GDs 13 and 15, increased apoptotic cell on GDs 13, 15 and 21 and thinning on GDs 15 and 21. In the basal zone, 6-MP evoked decreased mitosis on GDs 13, and PAS-positive material in the spongiotrophoblasts was still detected on GD 15. Thickening of the basal zone was observed with cytolysis of glycogen cells, apoptosis and an increased number of composed cells on GD 21. In conclusion, 6-MP administration in pregnant rats induced growth arrest of the labyrinth zone and developmental delay in the basal zone, leading to small placentas. The fetotoxicity of 6-MP may be responsible for its direct anti-proliferative effects and resulting placental dysfunction.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Female; Mercaptopurine; Mitosis; Organ Size; Placenta; Placentation; Pregnancy; Rats

Low bone mineral density (BMD) is a recognized complication of Crohn's disease (CD). The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for low BMD in pediatric patients with CD.. One hundred nineteen subjects with CD ranging in age from 5 to 25 years were enrolled. BMD of the lumbar spine was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Growth parameters were assessed by examination. Disease-specific variables and use of selected medications were determined by chart review.. Powerful risk factors for low BMD z-score included hypoalbuminemia, exposure to nasogastric tube feeds, total parenteral nutrition, 6-mercaptopurine, and corticosteroids. Corticosteroid dosing at a level >7.5 mg/d, 5000 mg lifetime cumulative dose, or >12 months of lifetime exposure were significant risk factors for low BMD z-score. Weaker but significant associations with low BMD z-scores included measures of disease severity such as pediatric Crohn's disease activity index, hospital admissions, and length of hospital stay. Site and duration of disease were not predictive.. The presence of several clinically available factors was predictive of poor bone mineral status in this sample of subjects with CD. Hypoalbuminemia, corticosteroid exposure, nasogastric tube feeds, total parenteral nutrition, and 6-mercaptopurine were the most powerful risk factors for low bone mineral status.

Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Body Height; Body Weight; Bone Density; Child; Child, Preschool; Crohn Disease; Enteral Nutrition; Female; Humans; Lumbar Vertebrae; Male; Mercaptopurine; Multivariate Analysis; Parenteral Nutrition, Total; Risk Factors; Serum Albumin

Carcinogenic and modification potential of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) was studied in a medium-term bioassay system for rat liver carcinogenesis. F344 male rats were initiated with a single dose (200 mg/kg body wt.) of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) i.p. and fed diets containing either 0.005% or 0.02% 6-MP with or without 0.05% phenobarbital (PB) for 6 weeks. Quantitative data revealed that 6-MP did not enhance the appearance of enzyme-altered preneoplastic foci and nodules even when administered at the highest dose (0.02%) despite showing an immunosuppressive effect and slight liver cell damage. Neither of the doses of 6-MP exerted any significant influence on the enhancing effect of PB when administered simultaneously in the medium-term-bioassay.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Diethylnitrosamine; Leukocyte Count; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental; Male; Mercaptopurine; Organ Size; Phenobarbital; Precancerous Conditions; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344

The effect of a 30-d pretreatment with vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) in the drinking water and vitamin E (all-rac-alpha-tocopherol) in the diet on the clastogenic activity induced by X-rays and 6-mercaptopurine was investigated in female ICR/Jcl mice by the bone-marrow micronucleus test. Prefeeding with vitamin E-deficient diets led to a significant decrease in serum vitamin E concentration and to an enhancement of micronucleus formation by X-rays in bone marrow cells. Although dietary supplementation with vitamin E significantly increased the vitamin E concentration in serum, it did not affect the frequency of X-ray-induced micronuclei. Treatment with a high level of vitamin C in drinking water was effective in protecting against micronucleus formation by X-rays. The increase in micronucleus frequency in the vitamin E-deficient mice compared with the mice fed vitamin E-normal diets was no longer observed when a high level of vitamin C in drinking water was given simultaneously. The most efficient protective action against X-rays was observed when vitamin E-supplemented diets and a high level of vitamin C in drinking water were used together as a pretreatment. Any combination of the vitamins did not affect the micronucleus induction by 6-mercaptopurine.

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Body Weight; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diet; Female; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Micronucleus Tests; Radiation Injuries, Experimental; Vitamin E

Diminished growth rate during treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is of the multifactorial etiology. Effects on GH secretion have been shown after discontinuation of treatment including prophylactic CNS irradiation. Seventeen children treated for ALL with three different CNS preventive schedules were followed longitudinally with repeated estimations of the spontaneous GH secretion during a 24-month period. No difference was found in GH secretion during this time between patients who had received no radiotherapy and those who had received 18 or 24 Gy as CNS prophylaxis. During dexamethasone treatment the GH secretion was completely suppressed, which can be a mediator for the diminished growth rate during the first 2 years of ALL treatment. We conclude that there is no clinical reason to perform GH analysis within the first 24 months of treatment for ALL.

Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Body Height; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Combined Modality Therapy; Dexamethasone; Female; Glucocorticoids; Growth; Growth Hormone; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Prednisolone; Radiotherapy Dosage; Vincristine

To evaluate the reasons for the wide variability in bioavailability of orally administered 6-mercaptopurine in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, we studied several pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug in 18 affected children receiving remission maintenance therapy, and compared them with their anthropometric data and with the results of intestinal function tests. No correlation was found between estimates of small intestinal absorption (the oral lactose tolerance test and 1 h blood xylose test) and 6-mercaptopurine serum levels. Of the anthropometric measurements considered, only the weight/height percentile (an index of the fat body mass) strongly and linearly correlated with the area under the curve of 6-mercaptopurine. The dose of 75 mg of 6-mercaptopurine/m2 of body surface resulted in higher serum concentrations in children below the 75th percentile than in those with a weight/height ratio exceeding the 75th percentile. In conclusion, these data caution about the risk of underdosing 6-mercaptopurine in overweight children when administering it on the basis of body surface area.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Biological Availability; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Male; Mercaptopurine; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma

The therapeutic effects of mercaptopurine (6-mercaptopurine, 6-MP) and a silylated derivative (6-trimethylsilylthio-9-trimethyl-silylpurine, S-MP) were compared on the course of T lymphocyte line mediated experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (t-EAE). This transferred EAE is a passively induced model disease in Lewis rats easy to elicit, reliably reproducible and characterized by a dose-dependent lethality. If given at different points in single injections the silicon derivative is shown to be more efficient than 6-MP (43/125 surviving animals compared to 26/129), severity of disease is attenuated and number of survivors increased. Silylation is able to improve blood-brain barrier and cellular permeability; S-MP suppresses intrathecal inflammatory cells more effectively than the original immunosuppressant.

Topics: Animals; B-Lymphocytes; Blood-Brain Barrier; Body Weight; Cell Membrane Permeability; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental; Female; Mercaptopurine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Silicon; T-Lymphocytes; Trimethylsilyl Compounds

Sprague-Dawley male and female rats were treated with 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) (2 mg/kg sc) daily from 2 to 22 days of age and killed at 7, 15, 27 and 64 days of age. At 7 and 27 days of age rats were injected with 3H thymidine for measurement of DNA synthesis. Fore- and hindlimb muscles were removed and analyzed for ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity (all ages), DNA radioactivity (7 and 27 days), DNA level (27 and 64 days) and RNA level (64 days). As expected, ODC activity and DNA synthesis were higher in muscles of 7-day-old rats than in muscles of the older rats studied. A consistently lower ODC activity was seen in 6-MP-treated vs. control rats for 5-25 days after start of treatment, but the effect was essentially the same for the hindlimb and forelimb muscles. During the 7-27-day time course ODC activity was higher in hindlimb than forelimb muscles. By 27 days of age DNA synthesis was also higher in the hindlimb muscles. DNA synthesis was decreased after 5 days of treatment relative to that of control rats, to an approximately equal extent in forelimb and hindlimb muscles. Five days after the last treatment a trend was seen for slower recovery from inhibition of DNA synthesis in hindlimb muscles, particularly in male rats. DNA levels were reduced in treated rats relative to those in control rats 5 days after the last treatment to approximately the same degree in forelimb and hindlimb muscles. Forty-two days after the last treatment a trend toward increased activity of ODC and increased DNA and RNA levels was seen in muscles of treated rats, probably reflective of recovery processes. These early biochemical effects of 6-MP, which were seen to about the same extent in the forelimb and hindlimb muscles cannot explain by themselves the delayed hindlimb fat atrophy resulting from 6-MP treatment of neonatal rats.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Body Weight; DNA; Female; Male; Mercaptopurine; Muscle Proteins; Muscles; Ornithine Decarboxylase; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; RNA

In previous studies, we found that Sprague-Dawley rats injected with 6-MP monohydrate at 2 mg base/kg sc daily from 2 to 22 days of age had atrophy of thigh and sublumbar muscles when killed at 16 months of age. The first sign of this muscle atrophy was detected grossly (flattened croup with or without paresis) at 12 months of age. In one experiment of the present work, using the same treatment in rats as above, we found that the earliest onset of muscle atrophy observed by light microscopy occurred at 2 months of age. By 4 months the atrophy could be detected grossly. The atrophy did not uniformly involve all muscles of the hindquarters; the thigh (especially the semitendinosus), leg (soleus but not the extensor carpi group), and lumbar vertebral (including the psoas) muscles were involved. Foreleg (biceps), intercostal, and tongue muscles as well as the sciatic nerve and internal organs appeared unaffected. In another experiment, weanling Sprague-Dawley rats given large daily doses of 6-MP from 25 to 45 days of age had normal muscles when killed at 8 months. In a third experiment, Wistar rats injected with 6-MP (2 mg base/kg sc) daily from 2 to 22 days of age and killed at 6 months had muscle atrophy similar to that seen in Sprague-Dawley rats. In the last experiment, mice and hamsters given large daily doses of 6-MP from 2 to 22 days of age had normal muscles when killed at 10 months. It appears from these results that the 6-MP-induced muscle atrophy occurs only after treatment during the neonatal period and that the atrophy may be species-specific.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Behavior, Animal; Body Weight; Female; Male; Mercaptopurine; Muscular Atrophy; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Species Specificity

In this study, male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated neonatally with 6-MP-treatment (2 mg/kg s/c, between 2 and 22 days after birth) and evaluated at six months of age. Compared to the normal controls, the 6-MP-treated male and female rats showed similar sciatic nerve conduction to the soleus. However, there was a significant muscle atrophy (57-60%, P less than 0.01) and a decrease in areas of the type I (42-54%, P less than 0.05) and type II (41-71%, P less than 0.01) muscle fibers. The number of type II fibers declined significantly (7.4-14.8%, P less than 0.05). It is proposed that the soleus muscle atrophy and histopathology in 6-MP-treated rats is unrelated to nerve conduction defects and may be related to growth inhibition caused by an interference of the drug during normal differentiation of muscle fibers.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Female; Male; Mercaptopurine; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Muscular Atrophy; Neural Conduction; Organ Size; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains

The effect of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) on mineral metabolism was investigated in mice. C57BL mice were given 6-MP for 5 consecutive days. Treatments were: no injection; saline; vehicle injection (carboxymethylcellulose (CMC]; 5 mg/kg 6-MP; 25 mg/kg 6-MP; 50 mg/kg 6-MP; 100 mg/kg 6-MP; and 150 mg/kg 6-MP. After the 5-day period, tissues were removed and the levels of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), copper (Cn) and manganese (Mn) were measured. In liver, but not in intestine or kidney, zinc and calcium levels increased in a dose-dependent manner. The weight of the stomach relative to body weight was significantly greater in mice receiving 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg BW doses of 6-MP than in those given lower doses, despite significantly lower body weight. This result indicated that 6-MP produced gastric toxicity. Injection of saline or vehicle had no effect on any of the parameters measured. The effect of 6-MP on mineral changes and on stomach-emptying may be partly responsible for at least some of its negative side-effects.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Female; Intestinal Mucosa; Kidney; Liver; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Minerals; Organ Size; Stomach; Zinc

Acute glomerulonephritis characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and leukocytosis was induced in mice by repeated intraperitoneal injections of calf serum (1 ml/mouse X 10). In mice treated with calf serum, hypercellularity, karyorrhexis, expansion of the mesangium and hyalinosis in the glomeruli were observed by light microscopy. Furthermore, circulating immune complexes were detected in the serum, and deposits of mouse IgG and C3 on the basement membranes of the glomeruli were demonstrated immunohistochemically. Oral administration of cyclophosphamide or 6-mercaptopurine at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day significantly suppressed the development of this nephritis. Dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg/day) caused moderate inhibition of the nephritic changes. These results suggest that this experimental model may be useful for evaluation of anti-nephritic drugs.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Blood Cell Count; Body Weight; Cyclophosphamide; Dexamethasone; Disease Models, Animal; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Immunochemistry; Indomethacin; Kidney Glomerulus; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Nephritis; Organ Size; Serum Sickness

The ability of choline (C) to prevent hepatic toxicity due to chronic administration of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) was evaluated in male Wistar rats. Two dose levels of 6-MP and two dose levels of C were used. Choline did not prevent or diminish the hepatic accumulation of triglyceride when administered in combination with 6-MP. The 6-MP did impair the growth of the experimental animals, and this effect was antagonized by C administration. The data provided experimental support for the clinical observation of growth impairment in children treated with chronic antimetabolite therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Choline; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Growth; Liver; Male; Mercaptopurine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Triglycerides

6-Mercaptopurine monohydrate was injected sc at 2 mg base/kg/day from 2 to 22 days of age to four litters of rat pups (four females, four males per litter). Control neonates were injected sc with basic saline (pH 8). Daily observations for signs of toxicity were made during the treatment period and once weekly thereafter until the rats were 6 months of age. The pups were weighed at 2, 12, 23, 34, 100, and 480 days of age. Fertility was tested at 3 to 6 months of age. From 6 months of age on, the rats were examined for tumors at 3-month intervals until the experiment was terminated at 16 months of age. A reduction in body weight of treated rats began between 34 and 100 days of age and became more pronounced by 16 months of age. Fertility was similar in treated and control groups and there were no detectable tumors in either group. The major finding in treated rats was a delayed onset of hind leg paresis that was first detected at 12 months of age. Light microscopic examination of tissues taken from the hind quarters of these rats at 16 months of age revealed a severe atrophic degeneration with fatty infiltration of sublumbar and thigh muscles.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Body Weight; Female; Fertility; Hindlimb; Male; Mercaptopurine; Muscles; Muscular Atrophy; Paralysis; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains

Antitumor activities of a combination chemotherapy with a water-soluble nitrosourea, 3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU), and a single dose of 6-thioguanine were studied using three obstinate murine tumor systems, i.e., Lewis lung carcinoma, B16 melanoma, and an advanced stage of L1210 leukemia systems. Therapeutically synergistic effect was observed either definitely against 1- or 2-day-old Lewis lung carcinoma and 6-day-old L1210 leukemia or moderately against 1-day-old B16 melanoma. Single intravenous treatment on day 7 after subcutaneous implantation of Lewis lung carcinoma, when the tumors had already metastasized to the lungs, produced a significant regression of tumor and a significant increment in survival time of tumor-bearing mice. In comparative studies, the combination of ACNU and 6-thioguanine showed a greater and a wider spectrum of antitumor activities against these tumors than those obtained by the combination with ACNU and a single dose of 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, or 6-mercaptopurine. Increment in lethal toxicity for normal and tumor-bearing mice was not observed by the combination of ACNU and 6-thioguanine in contrast to definite increases in this toxicity by the combination of ACNU and 5-fluorouracil. The present experimental results may suggest the clinical utility of the combination chemotherapy with ACNU and 6-thioguanine in the treatment of several solid tumors as well as acute leukemias.

Topics: Animals; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Body Weight; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Injections, Intravenous; Leukemia L1210; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Melanoma; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Neoplasms, Experimental; Nimustine; Nitrosourea Compounds; Thioguanine

Six-MP and its palladium and platinum complexes of this compound were administered intraperitoneally to 28 day old Sprague-Dawley rats in dosages of 15 mg/kg, 26.85 mg/kg, respectively for 21 days. The leukopenia induction capacity of 6-MP was greater at the end of day 7 while the 6-MP-Pd complex evidenced a more drastic leukocyte reduction at the end of day 21. The platinum complex was less toxic, as demonstrated by greater weight gain, while treatment with the palladium complex resulted in approximately the same weight gain as that observed in rats treated with pure 6-MP.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Chelating Agents; Leukocyte Count; Leukopenia; Mercaptopurine; Palladium; Platinum; Rats; Time Factors

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Infections; Body Weight; Female; Immunity; Leukocytes; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Mortality; Reticulocytes

Long-term immunosuppressive therapy of mice with 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) for 2 and/or 3 weeks results in partial lethality, decrease of total leukocyte count, of serum lysozyme level and in bacteremia. The adverse effect of 6-MP treatment could not be prevented by lysozyme administration; immunization with Escherichia coli O86 antigen further increased the lethality of 6-MP in mice. The results stress the potential danger of immunization with bacterial antigens during immunosuppressive therapy.

Topics: Animals; Antigens, Bacterial; Bacterial Infections; Blood; Body Weight; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia coli; Female; Immunization; Immunosuppressive Agents; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Leukocyte Count; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Muramidase; Proteus

Fertilized eggs of single-combed White Leghorn hens were each injected through a shell window directly beneath the embryo at 70 or 96 h of incubation with 2 mg of the sodium salt of 6-MP dissolved in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, and at 11 days of incubation the embryos were examined for gross morphological abnormalities. Various gross malformations and growth retardation were found, the most frequently and severely affected structures being limbs, beak, and eyes. Treatment at 70 h caused more severe abnormalities than at 96 h, but the spectrum of defects was not very different.

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Body Weight; Chick Embryo; Lethal Dose 50; Mercaptopurine; Teratogens; Time Factors

Simultaneous peroral administration of 6-mercaptopurine (80 mg/kg per day) and subcutaneous injection of hydrocortisone (1 mg/mouse per day) for ten days results in increased lethality and more pronounced decrease in total peripheral leukocyte count and serum lysozyme levels as compared with mice receiving each drug separately. The possible mechanism of this effect is discussed.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Body Weight; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hydrocortisone; Immunosuppressive Agents; Injections, Subcutaneous; Leukocyte Count; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Muramidase

Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Body Weight; Erythrocytes; Guanosine; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inosine; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Purines; Ribonucleosides; Sheep; Sulfides; Thiocyanates

Endotoxicity of bacterial vaccines was quantitated in mice by using actinomycin D as potentiating agent. The results were compared with those obtained by the mouse weight gain test. The lethality of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide was increased 2,140 times when 12.5 mug of actinomycin D was used. The mean lethal dose values of heated and unheated pertussis vaccines were similar in the actinomycin D enhancement assay, but the unheated vaccine was significantly more toxic in the mouse weight gain test. Acetone-inactivated typhoid vaccine was slightly less toxic than the heat-phenol-inactivated vaccine in both the actinomycin D enhancement assay and mouse weight gain test. Endotoxicity of experimental vaccines prepared by extraction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains was high as compared with E. coli lipopolysaccharide. The BALB/c mice were about four times more susceptible than the random bred NIH strain mice. The results indicate that the actinomycin D enhancement assay had the advantages of being more sensitive and probably more specific.

Topics: Acetone; Animals; Bacterial Vaccines; Body Weight; Cyclophosphamide; Dactinomycin; Drug Synergism; Escherichia coli; Fluorouracil; Hot Temperature; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Lethal Dose 50; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mitomycins; Pertussis Vaccine; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Salmonella typhi; Species Specificity; Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines; Vaccines, Attenuated

Topics: Agranulocytosis; Allopurinol; Animals; Blood Cell Count; Body Weight; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Drug Synergism; Hematopoiesis; Male; Mercaptopurine; Neutrophils; Rabbits

Topics: Animals; Ascites; Body Weight; Carcinoma; Carcinoma 256, Walker; Coenzymes; Female; Half-Life; Liver; Lung; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neoplasms, Experimental; Rats; Sarcoma; Spleen; Time Factors; Transplantation, Homologous

Topics: Acetaminophen; Anemia, Macrocytic; Anilides; Animals; Blood; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Caffeine; Depression, Chemical; Diuresis; Feeding Behavior; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Growth; Kidney; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methemoglobinemia; Phenacetin; Rats; Urea; Urine

Topics: 5-Hydroxytryptophan; Amphetamine; Anilides; Animals; Azathioprine; Body Weight; Chlorpheniramine; Cinnamates; Cyclophosphamide; Disease Models, Animal; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental; Female; Fenclonine; Immunosuppressive Agents; Mercaptopurine; Methylamines; Methysergide; Paralysis; Rats; Reserpine; Serotonin Antagonists; Tetrabenazine; Time Factors; Tranylcypromine

Topics: Animals; Azathioprine; Body Weight; Bone Marrow Diseases; Dogs; Graft Rejection; Histocompatibility; Kidney Transplantation; Mercaptopurine; Nucleotides; Time Factors; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Homologous

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Antibody Formation; Azathioprine; Body Weight; Cattle; Chromatography; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Hypersensitivity; Guinea Pigs; Immunization; Immunoassay; Immunoglobulin G; Immunosuppressive Agents; Insulin; Insulin Antibodies; Insulin, Long-Acting; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Oils; Prednisolone; Protein Binding; Swine

Effects of heating and fasting, both alone and associated, have been studied in normal and Sarcoma 180 bearing mice. Heating reduced body weight and tumour mass and increased body temperature. Fasting reduced body weight, while tumour mass and body temperature were slightly affected. By associating heating and fasting a more marked decrease of body weight was produced than by each of the two factors involved, while effects on body temperature and on tumour mass were unchanged with respect to heating alone. 6-mercaptopurine was similar to heating in reducing body weight and tumour mass.

Topics: Animals; Body Temperature; Body Weight; Fasting; Female; Hot Temperature; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Neoplasm Transplantation; Sarcoma 180

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; DNA; DNA, Neoplasm; Glucokinase; Glucose; Hepatectomy; Hexokinase; Hydroxyurea; Liver Glycogen; Liver Neoplasms; Liver Regeneration; Male; Mercaptopurine; Neoplasms, Experimental; Organ Size; Phosphofructokinase-1; Rats; Thymidine; Time Factors; Tritium

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Brain; Coxsackievirus Infections; Female; Herpes Simplex; Interferons; Leukocytes; Leukopenia; Liver; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Vaccinia

Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Blood Cell Count; Body Weight; Chlorambucil; Cyclophosphamide; Growth; Hematopoiesis; Male; Mercaptopurine; Mitomycins; Rabbits

Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Body Height; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Humans; Leukemia; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Prednisone; Vincristine

Topics: Allopurinol; Aminocaproates; Analgesics; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Azathioprine; Body Weight; Chloroquine; Colchicine; Cortisone; Cyclophosphamide; Cyproheptadine; Diazoxide; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental; Hydrocortisone; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Methyldopa; Nialamide; Oils; Organ Size; Rats; Strychnine; Talc; Thalidomide; Thioguanine; Thiomalates

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Body Weight; Chickens; Depression, Chemical; Immunosuppressive Agents; Leukocyte Count; Leukopenia; Mercaptopurine; Palladium

Topics: Aminopterin; Animals; Body Weight; Chloramphenicol; Depression, Chemical; Lymphocytes; Male; Mercaptopurine; Nitrogen; Organ Size; Prednisolone; Rats; Thymus Gland

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Chickens; Leukocyte Count; Leukopenia; Mercaptopurine; Platinum

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis; Aspirin; Blood Cell Count; Body Weight; Cortisone; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Mercaptopurine; Organ Size; Phenylbutazone; Rats

Topics: Adenine; Animals; Body Weight; Cytarabine; Drug Antagonism; Drug Synergism; Fluorouracil; Guanine; Leukemia; Leukemia L1210; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Mice; Nucleosides; Phosphotransferases; Purines; Vincristine

Topics: Agammaglobulinemia; Aged; Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Body Weight; Female; Globulins; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate; Prednisone; Skin Tests; Smallpox Vaccine; Travel

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Body Weight; Chlorprothixene; Leukemia; Leukemia, Experimental; Leukocyte Count; Liver; Mercaptopurine; Mice; Research; Spleen