menotropins and Abortion--Habitual

Maternal uniparental disomy (UPD) for chromosome 14 [upd(14)mat] may cause a characteristic phenotype with growth and developmental deficiency and precocious puberty. We report the case of a Japanese infant with an isochromosome 14 [i(14q)] and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). The infant is one of triplets comprising a boy (the patient) and two karyotypically normal girls. We analyzed parent-child transmission modes of alleles on the i(14q) at 17 CA-repeat marker loci along the entire length of chromosome 14. Genotypes at 4 proximal and 5 distal loci on the i(14q) were consistent with maternal isodisomy, whereas those at an intervening region indicated maternal heterodisomy. Thus, the derivative chromosome 14 had arisen through a translocation between maternal homologous chromosomes 14 [t(14;14)(p10;q10)] after at least two crossing-over events at the first meiosis. This result also suggests that there must be maternally imprinted gene(s) on 14q, and that loss of the functionally active, paternally derived allele in the same locus may lead to IUGR. Alternatively, IUGR may be an autosomal recessive trait. In the latter case, the mother would be a heterozygote and the putative disease locus would be either at the most proximal or most distal region of 14q.

Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Abortion, Habitual; Adult; Alleles; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosome Disorders; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14; Crossing Over, Genetic; Dinucleotide Repeats; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Genetic Markers; Genomic Imprinting; Growth Disorders; Humans; Immunotherapy; Infant, Newborn; Karyotyping; Male; Menotropins; Ovulation Induction; Pregnancy; Translocation, Genetic; Triplets

We assessed the outcome of pregnancy in women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) following treatment with low-dose human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG)+progesterone or progesterone alone. This single-center retrospective cohort study included data from women diagnosed with RPL and treated between February 2005 and December 2012 with one cycle of HMG + progesterone or progesterone alone. Primary endpoint was the rate of ongoing pregnancies and losses by treatment, age (<38 vs. ≥38 years) and in the subgroup with unexplained RPL. Of 169 RPL patients, 35.5% (n = 60) received HMG + progesterone and 64.5% (n = 109) progesterone alone. Compared to progesterone alone, HMG + progesterone led to a lower, although not significant, frequency of losses (3.3% vs. 11.9%, p = .09) and a twofold higher rate of ongoing pregnancies (41.7% vs. 19.3%, p = .002). Similar results were obtained in the subgroup of patients with unexplained RPL (ongoing pregnancies: 48.1% upon HMG + progesterone vs. 21.3% upon progesterone, p = .03; losses: 0% vs. 8.5%, respectively, p = .29) and in those <38 years (ongoing pregnancies: 47.4% vs. 18.8%, respectively, p = .003; losses: 5.3% vs. 10.9% respectively, p = .47). These findings suggest that HMG in women with RPL may reduce the rate of miscarriages and increase that of live births regardless of RPL cause and in women aged <38 years.

Topics: Abortion, Habitual; Adolescent; Adult; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Menotropins; Ovulation Induction; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Progesterone; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult

To test the hypothesis that controlled ovarian stimulation by gonadotropins, which enhances estrogen priming, is of beneficial value in the treatment of endometrial defects associated with recurrent miscarriage.. A retrospective, observational, nonrandomized study.. A regional recurrent miscarriage clinic in a teaching hospital.. Twenty-one subjects with otherwise unexplained recurrent miscarriage who had retarded endometrial development in the mid-luteal phase. Endometrial biopsies were timed by the luteinizing hormone surge.. Controlled ovarian stimulation using human menopausal gonadotropins and repeat endometrial biopsy in the treatment cycle in 13 subjects.. Histological dating of endometrial biopsy in treatment cycles and miscarriage rate in treatment and nontreatment cycles.. Eleven (85%) of the 13 biopsies in the treatment cycle were found to be normal. The miscarriage rate in the treatment group, 2 of 13, was significantly lower than that in the nontreatment group (7/12) (chi2 5.0, P<.05).. In this small series, preliminary experience suggests that controlled ovarian stimulation by human menopausal gonadotropins in the follicular phase is an effective treatment for luteal phase defect associated with recurrent pregnancy loss. There is now a case for a prospective, controlled study to confirm the value of such a treatment.

Topics: Abortion, Habitual; Adult; Biopsy; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Endometrium; Estradiol; Female; Humans; Luteal Phase; Luteinizing Hormone; Menotropins; Ovulation Induction; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Retrospective Studies

This study was designed to measure the average serum estradiol (E2) levels in the first trimester for women whose serum progesterone (P) levels were carefully maintained at normal levels by the use of exogenous P, and to compare the mean serum E2 levels in women who aborted with those in women who did not. The study group consisted of 94 pregnant women supported with exogenous natural P therapy from the luteal phase through the first trimester. Beginning at week 5, and continuing through the first trimester, the mean serum E2 levels for nonaborters were significantly higher than those for aborters.

Topics: Abortion, Habitual; Adult; Clomiphene; Estradiol; Female; Humans; Menotropins; Ovulation Induction; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Progesterone; Radioimmunoassay

Topics: Abortion, Habitual; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Clomiphene; Corpus Luteum; Estradiol; Estrogens; Female; Humans; Menotropins; Menstruation Disturbances; Ovarian Follicle; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Receptors, Cell Surface

Topics: Abortion, Habitual; Adult; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosome Disorders; Clomiphene; Female; Fertility Agents, Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Menotropins; Pregnancy