menaquinone-6 has been researched along with Body-Weight* in 24 studies
1 review(s) available for menaquinone-6 and Body-Weight
4 trial(s) available for menaquinone-6 and Body-Weight
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Vitamin K-induced effects on body fat and weight: results from a 3-year vitamin K2 intervention study.
Vitamin K status has been linked to fat and glucose metabolism by several authors, but whether high vitamin K intake influences body weight or composition has remained unclear. Here we tested the hypothesis that increased vitamin K intake decreases body fat or fat distribution.. In a randomized placebo-controlled human intervention trial, 214 postmenopausal women, 55-65 years of age, received either 180 mcg/day of vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7, MK-7) or placebo for 3 years. Osteocalcin (OC) carboxylation was used as a marker for vitamin K status, and fat distribution was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry total body scan.. In the total cohort, MK-7 supplementation increased circulating carboxylated OC (cOC) but had no effect on body composition. In those with an above-median response in OC carboxylation ('good responders'), MK-7 treatment resulted in a significant increase in total and human molecular weight adiponectin and a decrease in abdominal fat mass and in the estimated visceral adipose tissue area compared with the placebo group and the poor responders.. The fact that changes in body composition measures or markers for fat or glucose metabolism were not associated with changes in uncarboxylated OC (ucOC) does not support the assumption that ucOC stimulates fat metabolism in humans. Instead, high vitamin K2 intake may support reducing body weight, abdominal and visceral fat, notably in subjects showing a strong increase in cOC. A causal relation between the changes in cOC and body fat or distribution cannot be concluded from these data. Topics: Adipose Tissue; Aged; Body Composition; Body Weight; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Intra-Abdominal Fat; Middle Aged; Osteocalcin; Placebos; Postmenopause; Vitamin K 2; Waist Circumference | 2018 |
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a novel respiratory illness firstly reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012. It is caused by a new corona virus, called MERS corona virus (MERS-CoV). Most people who have MERS-CoV infection developed severe acute respiratory illness.. This work is done to determine the clinical characteristics and the outcome of intensive care unit (ICU) admitted patients with confirmed MERS-CoV infection.. This study included 32 laboratory confirmed MERS corona virus infected patients who were admitted into ICU. It included 20 (62.50%) males and 12 (37.50%) females. The mean age was 43.99 ± 13.03 years. Diagnosis was done by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) test for corona virus on throat swab, sputum, tracheal aspirate, or bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. Clinical characteristics, co-morbidities and outcome were reported for all subjects.. Most MERS corona patients present with fever, cough, dyspnea, sore throat, runny nose and sputum. The presence of abdominal symptoms may indicate bad prognosis. Prolonged duration of symptoms before patients' hospitalization, prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation and hospital stay, bilateral radiological pulmonary infiltrates, and hypoxemic respiratory failure were found to be strong predictors of mortality in such patients. Also, old age, current smoking, smoking severity, presence of associated co-morbidities like obesity, diabetes mellitus, chronic heart diseases, COPD, malignancy, renal failure, renal transplantation and liver cirrhosis are associated with a poor outcome of ICU admitted MERS corona virus infected patients.. Plasma HO-1, ferritin, p21, and NQO1 were all elevated at baseline in CKD participants. Plasma HO-1 and urine NQO1 levels each inversely correlated with eGFR (. SnPP can be safely administered and, after its injection, the resulting changes in plasma HO-1, NQO1, ferritin, and p21 concentrations can provide information as to antioxidant gene responsiveness/reserves in subjects with and without kidney disease.. A Study with RBT-1, in Healthy Volunteers and Subjects with Stage 3-4 Chronic Kidney Disease, NCT0363002 and NCT03893799.. HFNC did not significantly modify work of breathing in healthy subjects. However, a significant reduction in the minute volume was achieved, capillary [Formula: see text] remaining constant, which suggests a reduction in dead-space ventilation with flows > 20 L/min. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT02495675).. 3 组患者手术时间、术中显性失血量及术后 1 周血红蛋白下降量比较差异均无统计学意义（. 对于肥胖和超重的膝关节单间室骨关节炎患者，采用 UKA 术后可获满意短中期疗效，远期疗效尚需进一步随访观察。.. Decreased muscle strength was identified at both time points in patients with hEDS/HSD. The evolution of most muscle strength parameters over time did not significantly differ between groups. Future studies should focus on the effectiveness of different types of muscle training strategies in hEDS/HSD patients.. These findings support previous adverse findings of e-cigarette exposure on neurodevelopment in a mouse model and provide substantial evidence of persistent adverse behavioral and neuroimmunological consequences to adult offspring following maternal e-cigarette exposure during pregnancy. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6067.. This RCT directly compares a neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen with a standard CROSS regimen in terms of overall survival for patients with locally advanced ESCC. The results of this RCT will provide an answer for the controversy regarding the survival benefits between the two treatment strategies.. NCT04138212, date of registration: October 24, 2019.. Results of current investigation indicated that milk type and post fermentation cooling patterns had a pronounced effect on antioxidant characteristics, fatty acid profile, lipid oxidation and textural characteristics of yoghurt. Buffalo milk based yoghurt had more fat, protein, higher antioxidant capacity and vitamin content. Antioxidant and sensory characteristics of T. If milk is exposed to excessive amounts of light, Vitamins B. The two concentration of ZnO nanoparticles in the ambient air produced two different outcomes. The lower concentration resulted in significant increases in Zn content of the liver while the higher concentration significantly increased Zn in the lungs (p < 0.05). Additionally, at the lower concentration, Zn content was found to be lower in brain tissue (p < 0.05). Using TEM/EDX we detected ZnO nanoparticles inside the cells in the lungs, kidney and liver. Inhaling ZnO NP at the higher concentration increased the levels of mRNA of the following genes in the lungs: Mt2 (2.56 fold), Slc30a1 (1.52 fold) and Slc30a5 (2.34 fold). At the lower ZnO nanoparticle concentration, only Slc30a7 mRNA levels in the lungs were up (1.74 fold). Thus the two air concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles produced distinct effects on the expression of the Zn-homeostasis related genes.. Until adverse health effects of ZnO nanoparticles deposited in organs such as lungs are further investigated and/or ruled out, the exposure to ZnO nanoparticles in aerosols should be avoided or minimised. Topics: A549 Cells; Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine; Acinetobacter baumannii; Acute Lung Injury; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Adenine; Adenocarcinoma; Adipogenesis; Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Ophthalmic; Adolescent; Adsorption; Adult; Aeromonas hydrophila; Aerosols; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Agriculture; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Airway Remodeling; Alanine Transaminase; Albuminuria; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; Algorithms; AlkB Homolog 2, Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase; Alzheimer Disease; Amino Acid Sequence; Ammonia; Ammonium Compounds; Anaerobiosis; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antifungal Agents; Antigens, Bacterial; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Antioxidants; Antitubercular Agents; Antiviral Agents; Apolipoproteins E; Apoptosis; Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Arsenic; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Asthma; Atherosclerosis; ATP-Dependent Proteases; Attitude of Health Personnel; Australia; Austria; Autophagy; Axitinib; Bacteria; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bariatric Surgery; Base Composition; Bayes Theorem; Benzoxazoles; Benzylamines; beta Catenin; Betacoronavirus; Betula; Binding Sites; Biological Availability; Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy; Bioreactors; Biosensing Techniques; Birth Weight; Blindness; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Blood-Brain Barrier; Blotting, Western; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Bone Resorption; Borates; Brain; Brain Infarction; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; 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Pneumonia; Pneumonia, Viral; Point-of-Care Testing; Polyethylene Glycols; Polymers; Polysorbates; Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Postprandial Period; Poverty; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis; Prediabetic State; Predictive Value of Tests; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Pregnancy, High-Risk; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Pressure; Prevalence; Primary Graft Dysfunction; Primary Health Care; Professional Role; Professionalism; Prognosis; Progression-Free Survival; Prolactin; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Proof of Concept Study; Proportional Hazards Models; Propylene Glycol; Prospective Studies; Prostate; Protein Binding; Protein Biosynthesis; Protein Isoforms; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Protein Phosphatase 2; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Protein Transport; Proteoglycans; Proteome; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); Proton Pumps; Protons; Protoporphyrins; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Pulmonary Artery; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Pulmonary Gas Exchange; Pulmonary Veins; Pyrazoles; Pyridines; Pyrimidines; Qualitative Research; Quinoxalines; Rabbits; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Histamine H3; Receptors, Immunologic; Receptors, Transferrin; Recombinant Proteins; Recurrence; Reference Values; Referral and Consultation; Regional Blood Flow; Registries; Regulon; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Reperfusion Injury; Repressor Proteins; Reproducibility of Results; Republic of Korea; Research Design; Resistance Training; Respiration, Artificial; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Respiratory Insufficiency; Resuscitation; Retinal Dehydrogenase; Retreatment; Retrospective Studies; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Rhinitis, Allergic; Ribosomal Proteins; Ribosomes; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Ritonavir; Rivers; RNA Interference; RNA-Seq; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; RNA, Small Interfering; Rosuvastatin Calcium; Rural Population; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Salivary Ducts; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; San Francisco; SARS-CoV-2; Satiation; Satiety Response; Schools; Schools, Pharmacy; Seasons; Seawater; Selection, Genetic; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Serine-Threonine Kinase 3; Sewage; Sheep; Sheep, Domestic; Shock, Hemorrhagic; Signal Transduction; Silver; Silymarin; Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Computed Tomography; Sirolimus; Sirtuin 1; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Social Class; Social Participation; Social Support; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Solutions; Somatomedins; Soot; Specimen Handling; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Spectrum Analysis; Spinal Fractures; Spirometry; Staphylococcus aureus; STAT1 Transcription Factor; STAT3 Transcription Factor; Streptomyces coelicolor; Stress, Psychological; Stroke; Stroke Volume; Structure-Activity Relationship; Students, Medical; Students, Pharmacy; Substance Abuse Treatment Centers; Sulfur Dioxide; Surface Properties; Surface-Active Agents; Surveys and Questionnaires; Survival Analysis; Survival Rate; Survivin; Sweden; Swine; Swine, Miniature; Sympathetic Nervous System; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Talaromyces; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; tau Proteins; Telemedicine; Telomerase; Telomere; Telomere Homeostasis; Temperature; Terminally Ill; Th1 Cells; Thiamethoxam; Thiazoles; Thiophenes; Thioredoxin Reductase 1; Thrombosis; Thulium; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic; Thyroid Neoplasms; Time Factors; Titanium; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; Transcription Factor AP-1; Transcription Factors; Transcription, Genetic; Transcriptional Activation; Transcriptome; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Transistors, Electronic; Translational Research, Biomedical; Transplantation Tolerance; Transplantation, Homologous; Transportation; Treatment Outcome; Tretinoin; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Tubulin Modulators; Tumor Microenvironment; Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Twins; Ultrasonic Therapy; Ultrasonography; Ultraviolet Rays; United States; Up-Regulation; Uranium; Urethra; Urinary Bladder; Urodynamics; Uromodulin; Uveitis; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Ventricular Function, Left; Vero Cells; Vesicular Transport Proteins; Viral Nonstructural Proteins; Visual Acuity; Vital Capacity; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin K 2; Vitamins; Volatilization; Voriconazole; Waiting Lists; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Wastewater; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Whole Genome Sequencing; Wine; Wnt Signaling Pathway; Wound Healing; Wounds and Injuries; WW Domains; X-linked Nuclear Protein; X-Ray Diffraction; Xanthines; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; YAP-Signaling Proteins; Yogurt; Young Adult; Zebrafish; Zebrafish Proteins; Ziziphus | 2016 |
A comparative effectiveness study of bone density changes in women over 40 following three bone health plans containing variations of the same novel plant-sourced calcium.
The US Surgeon General's Report on Bone Health suggests America's bone-health is in jeopardy and issued a "call to action" to develop bone-health plans incorporating components of (1) improved nutrition, (2) increased health literacy, and (3) increased physical activity.. To conduct a Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER) study comparing changes in bone mineral density in healthy women over-40 with above-average compliance when following one of three bone health Plans incorporating the SG's three components.. Using an open-label sequential design, 414 females over 40 years of age were tested, 176 of whom agreed to participate and follow one of three different bone-health programs. One Plan contained a bone-health supplement with 1,000 IUs of vitamin D(3 )and 750 mg of a plant-sourced form of calcium for one year. The other two Plans contained the same plant form of calcium, but with differing amounts of vitamin D(3) and other added bone health ingredients along with components designed to increase physical activity and health literacy. Each group completed the same baseline and ending DXA bone density scans, 43-chemistry blood test panels, and 84-item Quality of Life Inventory (QOL). Changes for all subjects were annualized as percent change in BMD from baseline. Using self-reports of adherence, subjects were rank-ordered and dichotomized as "compliant" or "partially compliant" based on the median rating. Comparisons were also made between the treatment groups and two theoretical age-adjusted expected groups: a non-intervention group and a group derived from a review of previously published studies on non-plant sources of calcium.. There were no significant differences in baseline BMD between those who volunteered versus those who did not and between those who completed per protocol (PP) and those who were lost to attrition. Among subjects completing per protocol, there were no significant differences between the three groups on baseline measurements of BMD, weight, age, body fat and fat-free mass suggesting that the treatment groups were statistically similar at baseline. In all three treatment groups subjects with above average compliance had significantly greater increases in BMD as compared to the two expected-change reference groups. The group following the most nutritionally comprehensive Plan outperformed the other two groups. For all three groups, there were no statistically significant differences between baseline and ending blood chemistry tests or the QOL self-reports.. The increases in BMD found in all three treatment groups in this CER stand in marked contrast to previous studies reporting that interventions with calcium and vitamin D(3) reduce age-related losses of BMD, but do not increase BMD. Increased compliance resulted in increased BMD levels. No adverse effects were found in the blood chemistry tests, self-reported quality of life and daily tracking reports. The Plans tested suggest a significant improvement over the traditional calcium and vitamin D(3) standard of care. Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Bone Density; Boron; C-Reactive Protein; Calcium; Cholecalciferol; Comparative Effectiveness Research; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Lipids; Magnesium; Middle Aged; Minerals; Motor Activity; Patient Education as Topic; Plant Extracts; Quality of Life; Strontium; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin K 2 | 2011 |
Vitamin K(2) (menaquinone 4) reduces serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin level as early as 2 weeks in elderly women with established osteoporosis.
Twenty elderly osteoporotic women with vertebral fracture(s) were randomly allocated to two groups; women in the MK(4) group received calcium with menaquinone 4 (MK(4)) at a dose of 45 mg/day for 2 weeks, and women in the control group received calcium alone for the same period. Serum intact osteocalcin (OC) and undercarboxylated osteocalcin (uc-OC) levels were measured by immunoradiometric assay and enzyme immunoassay, respectively, at baseline and on the 7th and 14th days following the start of the treatment. There were no differences in the baseline data including age, weight, phylloquinone, menaquinone 4, menaquinone 7, OC, and uc-OC levels between the MK(4) group and the control group. Administration of MK(4) significantly raised the MK(4) level from 0.20 +/- 0.10 (mean +/- SE) pg/ml to 15.09 +/- 5.62 pg/ml ( P < 0.04), and reduced serum uc-OC levels from 2.80 +/- 0.93 ng/ml to 1.76 +/- 0.56 ng/ml ( P < 0.05) at the end of the study, respectively. No significant changes in these levels were observed in the control group. Serum OC levels were stable during the period in both groups. In this randomized prospective study, the MK(4) group shows a reduction in the serum uc-OC level within 2 weeks without any significant change in OC, suggesting that the uc-OC is changed to carboxylated OC. This early effect of MK(4) on bone metabolism may be estimated by the measurement of serum uc-OC in elderly osteoporotic women with vertebral fractures. Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body Weight; Bone Density; Calcium; Female; Humans; Osteocalcin; Osteoporosis; Prospective Studies; Vitamin K 2 | 2003 |
20 other study(ies) available for menaquinone-6 and Body-Weight
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The Associations of Dietary Vitamin K Intake and Circulating Vitamin 25(OH)D with Serum Lipoprotein Levels: The Vitamin Deficiency Matters.
A synergistic interplay between vitamins K and D appears to exist. We aimed to investigate for the first time whether the associations of dietary vitamin K intake and circulating 25(OH)D with serum lipoprotein levels are influenced by the existence of deficiency of either or both vitamins K and D. Sixty individuals [24 males, 36(18-79) years old] were examined. Vitamin deficiency of K1 and D were defined as vitamin K1 intake/body weight (BW)<1.00 μg/kg/day and circulating 25(OH)D<20 ng/ml, respectively. In individuals with vitamin K1 deficiency, the vitamin K1 intake/BW correlated positively with high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (r=0.509, p=0.008) and negatively with serum triglycerides (TG) (r=-0.638, p=0.001), whereas circulating 25(OH)D correlated negatively with TG (r=-0.609, p=0.001). In individuals with vitamin D deficiency, the vitamin K1 intake/BW correlated positively with HDL-C (r=0.533, p=0.001) and negatively with TG (r=-0.421, p=0.009), while circulating 25(OH)D correlated negatively with TG (r=-0.458, p=0.004). The above-mentioned associations of vitamin K1 intake/BW and circulating 25(OH)D with serum lipoproteins were not detected in individuals without vitamin K1 deficiency or the ones without vitamin D deficiency. The vitamin K2 intake/BW correlated negatively with low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (r=-0.404, p=0.001). In conclusion, the associations of vitamin K1 intake with TG and HDL-C and of circulating 25(OH)D with TG were more pronounced in individuals with deficiency of either or both vitamins K1 and D. Increased dietary vitamin K2 intake was associated with decreased LDL-C. Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Avitaminosis; Body Weight; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 1; Vitamin K 2; Vitamins; Young Adult | 2023 |
Osteoprotective effect of green tea polyphenols and annatto-extracted tocotrienol in obese mice is associated with enhanced microbiome vitamin K
The role of the gut microbiome in bone health has received significant attention in the past decade. We investigated the effects of green tea polyphenols (GTP) and annatto-extracted tocotrienols (AT) on bone properties and gut microbiome in obese mice. Male mice were assigned to a two (no AT vs. 400 mg/kg diet AT) × two (no GTP vs. 0.5% w/v GTP) factorial design, namely control, G, T, and G+T group respectively, for 14 weeks. The 4th lumbar vertebra (LV-4) and femur were harvested for bone microstructural analysis using μ-CT. Microbiome analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of cecal feces was performed. AT increased bone volume at distal femur. GTP increased serum procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide concentration, bone volume at the distal femur and the LV-4, and trabecular number at distal femur; whereas GTP decreased trabecular separation at distal femur. Interactions between GTP and AT were observed in serum C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen level (control>G=T=G+T) as well as the cortical bone area (control Topics: Animals; Bixaceae; Body Weight; Bone and Bones; Carotenoids; Clostridiales; Collagen Type I; DNA; Femur; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Obese; Microbiota; Peptide Fragments; Plant Extracts; Polyphenols; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Tea; Tocotrienols; Vitamin K 2; X-Ray Microtomography | 2020 |
Low-dose menaquinone-4 improves γ-carboxylation of osteocalcin in young males: a non-placebo-controlled dose-response study.
Menaquinone-4 is a type of vitamin K that has a physiological function in maintaining bone quality via γ-carboxylation of osteocalcin. However, little is known about the beneficial effect of intake of dosages below1500 μg/day.. Fifteen healthy males aged 25.0 years (median) participated in a non-placebo-controlled dose-examination study. They received menaquinone-4 daily for 5 weeks at 0, 300, 600, 900, and 1500 μg/day in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Compared with baseline, serum γ-carboxylated osteocalcin levels were significantly greater at an intake of 900 μg/day or more; serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin levels and the ratio of serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin to γ-carboxylated osteocalcin were significantly lower than baseline at doses of 600 μg/day or more.. This preliminary graded-dose study suggested that menaquinone-4 supplementation at 600 μg/day or more is likely to be important in terms of vitamin K requirements for bone health. Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Bone and Bones; Dietary Supplements; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Male; Osteocalcin; Vitamin K 1; Vitamin K 2; Young Adult | 2014 |
The antiosteoporotic effects of Cheonggukjang containing vitamin k2 (menaquinone-7) in ovariectomized rats.
The effect of dietary vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7, MK-7) and cheonggukjang (CGJ) on the prevention of ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss was studied in rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into eight groups: sham-operated; OVX control; OVX treated with MK-7 at doses of 2, 4, and 8 μg/day; and OVX treated with CGJ at doses of 0.063, 0.125, and 0.250 g/day referenced to MK-7 levels at 2, 4, and 8 μg/day, respectively. After 8 weeks of treatment, the preventive effects of MK-7 and CGJ were evaluated by measuring body weights, serum levels of bone turnover markers, bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular microarchitectural properties, and bone histological characteristics. Our results showed that rats treated with a high dose of MK-7 (8 μg/day) exhibited a minor inhibitory effect on OVX-induced bone loss, as indicated by a significant increase in trabecular number, as well as BMC and BMD (P<.01). Moreover, the preventive effects of MK-7 were augmented by administration of CGJ at the same MK-7 dose. In addition, the preventive effects of CGJ were shown to be dose dependent, with the highest dose (0.250 g/day) significantly (P<.01) increasing BMC and BMD by 31.8% and 47.6%, respectively. In summary, these results suggest that administration of CGJ containing abundant levels of MK-7 may be a promising approach for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Bone Density; Female; Fermentation; Glycine max; Osteoporosis; Ovariectomy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Vitamin K 2 | 2014 |
Effect of vitamin K2 on cortical and cancellous bone mass and hepatic lipids in rats with combined methionine-choline deficiency.
The present study examined changes of cancellous and cortical bone in rats with combined methionine-choline deficiency (MCD). In addition, the effects of vitamin K2 on cortical and cancellous bone mass and hepatic lipids were investigated in rats with MCD. Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three groups of ten, including an age-matched control (standard diet) group, an MCD diet group, and an MCD diet+vitamin K2 (menatetrenone at 30mg/kg/d orally, 5 times a week) group. After the one-month experimental period, histomorphometric analysis was performed on cortical and cancellous bone from the tibial diaphysis and proximal metaphysis, respectively, while histological examination of the liver was performed after staining with hematoxylin and eosin and Oil Red O. MCD rats displayed weight loss, diffuse and centrilobular fatty changes of the liver, and a decrease of the cancellous bone volume per tissue volume (BV/TV) and percent cortical area (Ct Ar) as a result of decreased trabecular, periosteal, and endocortical bone formation along with increased trabecular and endocortical bone resorption. Administration of vitamin K2 to rats with MCD attenuated weight loss, accelerated the decrease of cancellous BV/TV due to an increase of bone remodeling, and ameliorated the decrease of percent Ct Ar by increasing periosteal and endocortical bone formation. Vitamin K2 administration also prevented MCD-induced diffuse fatty change of the liver. These findings suggest a beneficial effect of vitamin K2 on cortical bone mass and hepatic lipid metabolism in rats with MCD. The loss of cancellous bone mass could possibly have been due to re-distribution of minerals to cortical bone. Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Bone and Bones; Choline Deficiency; Diaphyses; Femur; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Male; Methionine; Organ Size; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tibia; Vitamin K 2 | 2011 |
Safety and toxicological evaluation of a synthetic vitamin K2, menaquinone-7.
Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) is part of a family of vitamin K that are essential co-factors for the enzyme γ-glutamyl carboxylase, which is involved in the activation of γ-carboxy glutamate (Gla) proteins in the body. Gla proteins are important for normal blood coagulation and normality of bones and arteries. The objective of this study was to examine the potential toxicity of synthetic MK-7 in BomTac:NMRI mice and in Sprague-Dawley rats. In an acute oral toxicity test, mice were administered a single oral dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight (limit dose) and no toxicity was observed during the 14-day observation period. In the subchronic oral toxicity test in rats, animals were administered MK-7 for 90 days by gavage at the following doses: 0 (vehicle control, corn oil), 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg body weight/day. All generated data, including clinical observations, ophthalmology, clinical pathology, gross necropsy, and histopathology, revealed no compound-related toxicity in rats. Any statistically significant findings in clinical pathology parameters and/or organ weights noted were considered to be within normal biological variability. Therefore, under the conditions of this experiment, the median lethal dose (LD(50)) of MK-7 after a single oral administration in mice was determined to be greater than the limit dose level of 2000 mg/kg body weight. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of MK-7, when administered orally to rats for 90 days, was considered to be equal to 10 mg/kg body weight/day, the highest dose tested, based on lack of toxicity during the 90-day study period. Topics: Animals; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Biomarkers, Pharmacological; Body Weight; Eating; Female; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; Organ Size; Organ Specificity; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Toxicity Tests, Acute; Toxicity Tests, Subchronic; Vitamin K 2 | 2011 |
Effects of combination treatment with alendronate and vitamin K(2) on bone mineral density and strength in ovariectomized mice.
Bisphosphonates increase bone mineral density (BMD) by suppressing remodeling space and elongating the duration of mineralization. Menatetrenone (vitamin K(2)) reduces the incidence of fractures by improving bone quality through enhanced gamma-carboxylation of bone glutamic acid residues of osteocalcin in osteoporotic patients. This study investigated the effects of combination treatment with alendronate (ALN) and vitamin K(2) on BMD and bone strength in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Thirty-three female mice, 16 weeks of age, were assigned to four groups: (1) OVX-control group; (2) oral vitamin K(2) group; (3) subcutaneous ALN group; and (4) ALN + vitamin K(2) group. The treatment was started 4 weeks after OVX and continued for 4 weeks. BMD, geometric parameters measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography, and mechanical strength at the femoral metaphysis and mid-diaphysis were evaluated after an 8-week treatment period. ALN alone significantly increased total BMD (20%, P < 0.05) and trabecular BMD (25%, P < 0.05), but not the mechanical parameters of the femur, compared with the OVX-control group. Combination treatment with ALN and vitamin K(2) increased not only total BMD (15%, P < 0.05) and trabecular BMD (32%, P < 0.05) but also maximum load (33%, P < 0.05) and breaking energy (25%, P < 0.05) of compression test at the distal metaphysis, and maximum load (20%, P < 0.05) and breaking force (33%, P < 0.05) of three-point bending test at the mid-diaphysis compared with the OVX-control group. These results suggest that ALN, alone or in combination with vitamin K(2), showed significant improvement in BMD, but that the combination treatment was more effective than ALN alone for improving bone strength in OVX mice. Topics: Alendronate; Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Body Weight; Bone Density; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Female; Femur; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Osteoporosis; Ovariectomy; Vitamin K 2 | 2010 |
Prior treatment with vitamin K(2) significantly improves the efficacy of risedronate.
Prior 8-week treatment with menatetrenone, MK-4, followed by 8-week risedronate prevented the shortcomings of individual drugs and significantly increased the strength of ovariectomized ICR mouse femur compared to the ovariectomized (OVX) controls. Neither MK-4 following risedronate nor the concomitant administration may be recommended because they brought the least beneficial effect.. The objective of this study was to determine the best combinatory administration of risedronate at 0.25 mg/kg/day (R) with vitamin K(2) at approximately 100 microg MK-4/kg/day (K) to improve strength of osteoporotic mouse bone.. Thirteen-week-old ICR mice, ovariectomized at 9-week, were treated for 8 weeks with R, K, or R plus K (R/K), and then, either the treatment was withdrawn (WO) or switched to K or R in the case of R and K. After another 8 weeks, the mice were killed, and mechanical tests and analyses of femur properties by peripheral quantitative computed tomography, microfocus X-ray tube computed tomography, and confocal laser Raman microspectroscopy were carried out.. The K to R femur turned out superior in parameters tested such as material properties, bone mineral density, BMC, trabecular structure, and geometry of the cortex. The increased cross-sectional moment of inertia, which occurred after K withdrawal, was prevented by risedronate in K to R. In addition to K to R, some properties of R to WO diaphysis and K to WO epiphysis were significantly better than OVX controls.. Prior treatment with MK-4 followed by risedronate significantly increased femur strength in comparison to the OVX controls. Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drug Therapy, Combination; Etidronic Acid; Female; Femur; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Osteoporosis; Ovariectomy; Risedronic Acid; Vitamin K 2 | 2009 |
Collagen-related abnormalities, reduction in bone quality, and effects of menatetrenone in rats with a congenital ascorbic acid deficiency.
In this study, we focused on collagen metabolism as a factor involved in menatetrenone (MK-4)-related improvement in bone quality. Using rats with a congenital ascorbic acid (AA) deficiency, osteogenic disorder Shionogi (ODS) rats, we established a model in which abnormal collagen metabolism reduced bone mechanical properties, and investigated the effects of MK-4. We divided 13-week-old ODS rats into four groups: Pre, AA sufficiency (AA(+)), AA deficiency-control (AA(-)control), and AA deficiency+ MK-4-treated (AA(-)MK-4). MK-4 was given as a dietary supplement (30 mg/kg). At the beginning (pre) and after two, three, and four weeks, seven rats in each group were killed to measure plasma bone metabolism and femoral bone mass data and bone mechanical properties. In the rats killed after four weeks, histomorphometric data of the tibiae, the total amino acid level in bone collagen, and rates of proline and lysine hydroxylation were determined. In the AA(+)group, both the cortical bone mass data and bone mechanical properties were serially increased. However, in the AA(-)control group, the cortical bone mass data were similar for four weeks and the bone mechanical properties decreased after three to four weeks. After four weeks, the total level of amino acids in bone collagen and rates of proline and lysine hydroxylation were significantly lower in the AA(-)control group than in the AA(+)group. MK-4 increased bone mechanical properties after four weeks without influencing cortical bone mass. Simultaneously, it inhibited decreases in the total level of amino acids in collagen (P = 0.017). The rates of proline and lysine hydroxylation were higher in the AA(-)MK-4 group than in the AA(-)control group, but not significantly. These results suggest the level of collagen and abnormalities of hydroxylation are involved in the AA deficiency-related reduction in bone mechanical properties, and that MK-4 improves bone mechanical properties by restoring collagen metabolism. Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Biomechanical Phenomena; Body Weight; Bone and Bones; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Collagen; Collagen Type I; Femur; Organ Size; Osteocalcin; Osteogenesis; Peptides; Rats; Regression Analysis; Vitamin K 2 | 2009 |
Effects of vitamin K(2) and risedronate on bone formation and resorption, osteocyte lacunar system, and porosity in the cortical bone of glucocorticoid-treated rats.
The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of vitamin K(2) and risedronate on bone formation and resorption, the osteocyte lacunar system, and porosity in the cortical bone of glucocorticoid (GC)-treated rats. Forty-nine female Sprague-Dawley rats, 3 months of age, were randomized into five groups according to the following treatment schedule: age-matched control, GC administration, and GC administration with concomitant administration of vitamin K(2), risedronate, or vitamin K(2) + risedronate. At the end of the 8-week experiment, classical bone histomorphometric analysis was performed, and the osteocyte lacunar system and porosity were evaluated on the cortical bone of the tibial diaphysis. GC administration decreased percent cortical bone area and increased percent marrow area as a result of decreased periosteal bone formation, and increased endocortical bone erosion, and increased cortical porosity. Vitamin K(2) prevented a reduction in periosteal bone formation but did not affect percent cortical bone and marrow areas. Risedronate prevented a reduction in periosteal bone formation and an increase in endocortical bone erosion, resulting in prevention of alterations in percent cortical bone and marrow areas. Both vitamin K(2) and risedronate increased osteocyte density and lacunar occupancy and prevented a GC-induced increase in cortical porosity. Vitamin K(2) and risedronate had additive effects on osteocyte density and lacunar occupancy and a synergistic effect on cortical porosity. The present study showed the efficacy of vitamin K(2) and risedronate for bone formation and resorption, the osteocyte lacunar system, and porosity in the cortical bone of GC-treated rats. Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Bone Resorption; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Combinations; Etidronic Acid; Female; Glucocorticoids; Osteocytes; Osteogenesis; Osteoporosis; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Risedronic Acid; Tibia; Vitamin K 2 | 2008 |
Effect of vitamin K2 and growth hormone on the long bones in hypophysectomized young rats: a bone histomorphometry study.
The purpose of the present study was to determine whether vitamin K(2) and growth hormone (GH) had an additive effect on the long bones in hypophysectomized young rats. Forty-eight female Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks old) were assigned to the following five groups by the stratified weight randomization method: intact controls, hypophysectomy (HX) alone, HX + vitamin K(2) (30 mg/kg, p.o., daily), HX + GH (0.625 mg/kg, s.c., 5 days a week), and HX + vitamin K(2) + GH. The duration of the experiment was 4 weeks. HX resulted in a reduction of the cancellous bone volume/total tissue volume (BV/TV) at the proximal tibial metaphysis, as well as decreasing the total tissue area and cortical area of the tibial diaphysis. These changes resulted from a decrease of the longitudinal growth rate and the bone formation rate (BFR)/TV of cancellous bone, as well as a decrease of the periosteal BFR/bone surface (BS) and an increase of endocortical bone turnover (indicated by the BFR/BS) in cortical bone. Administration of vitamin K(2) to HX rats did not affect the cancellous BV/TV or the cortical area. On the other hand, GH completely prevented the decrease of total tissue area and cortical area in cortical bone, as well as the decrease of marrow area and endocortical circumference, by increasing the periosteal BFR/BS compared with that in intact controls and reversing the increase of endocortical bone turnover (BFR/BS). However, GH only partly improved the reduction of the cancellous BV/TV, despite an increase of the longitudinal growth rate and BFR/TV compared with those of intact controls. When administered with GH, vitamin K(2) counteracted the reduction of endocortical bone turnover (BFR/BS) and circumference caused by GH treatment, resulting in no significant difference of marrow area from that in untreated HX rats. These results suggest that, despite the lack of an obvious effect on bone parameters, vitamin K(2) normalizes the size of the marrow cavity during development of the bone marrow in young HX rats treated with GH. Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Diaphyses; Drug Combinations; Female; Femur; Growth Hormone; Hypophysectomy; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tibia; Vitamin K 2 | 2007 |
Enhancement effects of vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) or vitamin K2 (menaquinone-4) on intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity in rats.
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) hydrolyzes a variety of monophosphate esters into inorganic phosphoric acid and alcohol at a high optimal pH, and is thought to play an important role in phosphate metabolism. Intestinal ALP, located at the brush border of intestinal epithelial cells, is known to be affected by several kinds of nutrients, but little is known about the physiological function of intestinal ALP Vitamin K is an essential cofactor for the post-translational carboxylation of glutamate residues into gamma-carboxy glutamate (Gla). Recently, novel functions of vitamin K have been clarified, but no data exist on the relation between vitamin K and intestinal ALP. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of both vitamin Ks (K1: phylloquinone, and K2: menaquinone) on ALP activity. Sprague-Dawley rats (6-wk-old) were divided into three groups: a control, phylloquinone (PK: 600 mg/kg diet), or menaquinone-4 (MK-4: 600 mg/kg diet) diet group. After 3 mo of feeding, we measured intestinal ALP activity by dividing it into five segments. In each segment, both PK and MK-4 increased intestinal ALP activity. The levels of intestinal ALP activity in the duodenum and proximal jejunum from the PK group were significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the levels of intestinal ALP activity from the proximal jejunum and distal ileum of the intestine in the MK group were significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05). In this study, we clarified for the first time that both vitamin K1 and K2 as nutritional factors enhance intestinal ALP activity. Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Body Weight; Diet; Eating; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Female; Intestines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Vitamin K 1; Vitamin K 2; Vitamins | 2007 |
Beneficial effect of pretreatment and treatment continuation with risedronate and vitamin K2 on cancellous bone loss after ovariectomy in rats: a bone histomorphometry study.
The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of pretreatment with risedronate and/or vitamin K2 and treatment continuation with reduced dosing frequency of the drugs on the early cancellous bone loss induced by ovariectomy (OVX) in rats. Eighty female Sprague-Dawley rats, 4 mo of age, were randomized by the stratified weight method into eight groups (n= 10 in each group); rats subjected to OVX, but not sham-operated rats, were treated with vehicle, risedronate, vitamin K2 (menatetrenone), or risedronate+vitamin K2 for 4 wk before the surgery, and the treatment was either discontinued (pretreatment groups) or continued after the surgery (treatment continuation groups) for 2 wk. Sham-operated rats (controls) were treated with the vehicle throughout the experimental period. During the 4 wk prior to the surgery (pretreatment), risedronate and vitamin K2 were administered five times a week either subcutaneously at a dose of 2.5 microg/kg body weight (risedronate) or orally at the dose of 30 mg/kg body weight (vitamin K2). During the 2 wk after the surgery (treatment continuation), the dosing frequency of the drugs was reduced to twice a week. Risedronate and vitamin K2 had an anti-resorptive effect on the bone. Pretreatment with risedronate alone, but not vitamin K2 alone, prevented the loss of the cancellous bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) of the proximal tibial metaphysis after OVX. Treatment continuation with vitamin K2 alone prevented the loss of the cancellous BV/TV after OVX, while treatment continuation with risedronate alone increased the cancellous BV/TV to beyond the values in controls. Pretreatment with risedronate+vitamin K2 had a more beneficial effect in increasing the cancellous bone mass than pretreatment with risedronate alone. Treatment continuation with risedronate and/or vitamin K_ appeared to have a more beneficial effect in increasing the cancellous bone mass than the respective pretreatment. Neither the total tissue area nor the cortical area of the tibial diaphysis was affected by any treatment. The present study demonstrated that pretreatment with risedronate had a beneficial effect on the early cancellous bone loss after OVX in rats, with a more beneficial effect when combined with vitamin K2. Moreover, even though the dosing frequency of the drugs was reduced after OVX, treatment continuation appeared to be more beneficial than pretreatment for increasing the cancellous bone mass. Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Body Weight; Bone Density; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Etidronic Acid; Female; Femur; Ovariectomy; Premedication; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Risedronic Acid; Tibia; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin K 2; Vitamins | 2006 |
Inhibition of osteoporosis induced by protein deficient (PD) food intake by active vitamin D(3) and vitamin K(2) in rats.
Independent use of K(2) and D(3) and simultaneous application of K(2) and D(3) inhibited the development of osteoporosis caused by PD food intake. The ALP activity of urine as a marker of bone formation osteoporosis did not rise in rats fed PD foods containing D(3), K(2) or both together. Body and womb weights fell in rats fed PD foods with D(3) K(2) and both D(3), K(2). Osteoporosis caused by PD food intake found to be very similar to type II osteoporosis in respects of inhibition by D(3) and K(2) and rising urinary ALP activity. Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Body Weight; Bone Density; Cholecalciferol; Diet, Protein-Restricted; Female; Osteoporosis; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Vitamin K 2 | 2004 |
Regulation of mineral-to-matrix ratio of lumbar trabecular bone in ovariectomized rats treated with risedronate in combination with or without vitamin K2.
The relationship between bone turnover and bone tissue and material properties was examined in ovariectomized (OVX) rats treated with risedronate in combination with or without vitamin K2. Seventy female rats, 18 weeks of age, were assigned to 7 groups (n=10): sham-operated + vehicle control; OVX + vehicle control; OVX + risedronate 0.1, 0.5, or 2.5 mg/kg/day po; OVX + vitamin K2 approximately 30 mg/kg/day po; OVX + vitamin K2 (approximately 30 mg/kg/day) and risedronate (0.5 mg/kg/day). Treatments were given daily for 9 months. To assess bone turnover, we measured serum osteocalcin and urinary deoxypyridinoline at 0, 3, and 9 months. To assess vertebral and femoral tissue and material properties, bone mass, bone mineral density (BMD by DXA), trabecular bone structure (vertebra: 3D-microCT), cortical bone structure (femur: histomorphometry), biomechanical properties, and mineral properties (mineral-to-matrix and carbonate-to-phosphate ratios by Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy) were measured ex vivo at 9 months. Ovariectomy increased bone turnover and induced significant loss of bone mass/density, structure, mineral properties (mineral-to-matrix ratio), and strength. Risedronate produced dose-dependent inhibition of the ovariectomy-induced increase in turnover and loss of bone mass/density, structure, mineral-to-matrix ratio, and strength, with a lowest effective dose of 0.1-0.5 mg/kg/day. High-dose risedronate (2.5 mg/kg/day) did not induce increases in any parameter above that of sham control. Vitamin K2 had no effects. In the OVX groups, urinary deoxypyridinoline at 3 and 9 months correlated significantly with vertebral BMD, trabecular bone volume, ultimate load, stiffness, and mineral-to-matrix ratio, and with femoral BMD, cortical area, and ultimate load. These results support the concept that changes in bone tissue and material properties can result directly from changes in bone turnover. Different effects among different drugs on material properties, including mineral-to-matrix ratio, may reflect differences in the relative rate and magnitude of osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic primary bone mineralization. Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Amino Acids; Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Body Weight; Bone Density; Bone Matrix; Etidronic Acid; Female; Femur; Lumbar Vertebrae; Osteocalcin; Ovariectomy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Risedronic Acid; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Vitamin K 2 | 2004 |
Effects of vitamin K2 (menatetrenone) and alendronate on bone mineral density and bone strength in rats fed a low-magnesium diet.
In this study, we examined changes in bone parameters and bone strength in rats fed low-Mg diets (experiment 1) and the effects of vitamin K2 (MK-4, experiment 3) and alendronate (ALN, experiment 2) in this model. In experiment 1, 5-week-old male Wistar rats were fed three low-Mg diets (Mg 9, 6, 3 mg/100 g diet) for 4 weeks. Although the cortical bone mineral content (CtBMC) and cortical thickness (CtTh) of the femoral diaphysis in all low-Mg-diet groups were the same as or greater than those in the intact group (Mg: 90 mg/100 g diet), the maximum load and elastic modulus were significantly reduced in the 3-mg-Mg group. In experiment 2, 4-week-old Wistar rats were fed a 6-mg-Mg diet for 8 weeks, and the effect of ALN (2, 20, and 200 microg/kg twice a week) was evaluated. The administration of ALN at 200 microg/kg increased the cortical bone mineral content (CtBMC), CtTh, and maximum load, but had no effect on the elastic modulus, as compared with the low-Mg-control group. In experiment 3, the effect of MK-4 was evaluated under the same conditions as in experiment 2. The administration of MK-4 had no effect on CtBMC, CtTh, or bone components of the femoral diaphysis. However, MK-4 inhibited the decreases in maximum load and elastic modulus due to the low-Mg diet. Since there is no other experimental model in which there is a decrease in bone mechanical properties without a decrease in bone mineral content, the low-Mg diet model is considered to be an excellent model for examining bone quality. Our results from this model suggest that MK-4 and ALN affect bone mechanical properties by different mechanisms. Topics: Alendronate; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Body Weight; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Calcitriol; Calcium; Elasticity; Femur; Hydroxyproline; Magnesium; Magnesium Deficiency; Male; Osteocalcin; Parathyroid Hormone; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Stress, Mechanical; Urine; Vitamin K 2 | 2004 |
Effects of vitamin K2 (menatetrenone) on calcium balance in ovariectomized rats.
Vitamin K2 (menatetrenone) has been used for the treatment of osteoporosis in Japan. We investigated the effects of ovariectomy (OVX) and vitamin K2 on the calcium (Ca) balance in 20-week-old female Fischer rats. Vitamin K2 (31 mg/kg per day) was given to animals as a dietary supplement. At weeks 4 and 8 after OVX, a Ca balance study was performed for 5 days. The intestinal Ca transport was determined using the everted gut-sac technique at week 9. The Ca balance was poorer in the OVX-control group than in the sham-control group at weeks 4 and 8 after OVX. The Ca balance improved significantly in the vitamin K2 groups as compared with the sham- and OVX-control groups. The intestinal Ca transport decreased due to OVX and was higher in the vitamin K2 administration groups than in the sham- and OVX-control groups, but not to a significant extent. The bone mineral density in the femoral metaphysis as well as the cortical area and cortical thickness in the femoral diaphysis in the OVX-control group were lower than in the sham-control group. The administration of vitamin K2 significantly inhibited an OVX-induced decrease in cortical area and cortical thickness in the femur. These findings suggest that the poor Ca balance observed in ovariectomized rats may be improved by vitamin K2; vitamin K2 may be involved in preventing bone loss in vivo. Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Body Weight; Bone Density; Calcium; Feces; Female; Femur; Homeostasis; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Organ Size; Osteoporosis; Ovariectomy; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Uterus; Vitamin K 2 | 2002 |
Effect of vitamin K2 on three-dimensional trabecular microarchitecture in ovariectomized rats.
Menatetrenone, a vitamin K2 with four isoprene units, has been reported to improve osteoporotic bone loss. The purpose of this investigation was to clarify the effect of menatetrenone on the three-dimensional (3D) trabecular microarchitecture in ovariectomized (OVX) rats by using microcomputed tomography (MCT). Forty-two 13-week-old female rats were used and divided into four groups: the OVX (OVX + MK-4) group treated with menatetrenone, the (OVX untreated) group, the sham-operated (Sham + MK-4) group treated with menatetrenone, and the sham-operated group not treated with menatetrenone (Sham untreated) group. OVX rats were fed a calcium-deficient diet. Menatetrenone treatment was begun just after the ovariectomy, and the mean menatetrenone oral intake over the 8-week period was adjusted to 30 mg/kg BW per day. The proximal metaphyseal region of the right tibia was evaluated by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and MCT. A parametric analysis of the reconstructed trabecular volume was carried out using bone volume fractions, the fractal dimension calculated by the 3D box-counting method, and the connectivity density as determined by topological analysis. Menatetrenone significantly increased the trabecular bone volume, fractal dimension, and connectivity in the OVX + MK-4 group compared with the OVX-untreated group (p < 0.01). Our results suggest that an 8-week administration of menatetrenone protects against the loss of trabecular bone volume and its connectivity when treatment is begun just after the ovariectomy. Despite this apparent protection, it remains unknown whether it is possible to reestablish trabecular connectivity if therapeutic intervention occurs after the trabecular connectivity has been lost. Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Anthropometry; Body Weight; Bone Density; Calcium; Computer Simulation; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Humans; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Ovariectomy; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Reproducibility of Results; Tibia; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 2 | 2000 |
[Vitamin K2 (menatetrenone) treatment increased bone strength in rats given low-calcium diets].
Two experiments were carried out in 4-week-old rats. First, the effect of dietary calcium (Ca) content (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1.16%) on bone loss was assessed for 3 weeks. Dry weight of the femur showed a Ca-content-dependent decrease. Significant decrease in body weight and plasma Ca level was observed in the 0.05 and 0.1% Ca diet groups, but not in other groups. Second, the curative effect of V.K2 on bone strength was examined. After being fed a 0.2%-Ca diet for 3 weeks, rats were fed 0.2%- or 0.5%-Ca diets for the next 6 weeks with or without V.K2 treatment. At the beginning and after 3 and 6 weeks of treatment, femurs and lumbar vertebra (L3) were collected. In the 0.2%-Ca group, bone mineral density (BMD) and bone strength in the femur gradually increased, but were much lower than those in the intact group. In the 0.5%-Ca group, both parameters in the femur and L3 were rapidly increased. V.K2 treatment did not affect the BMD or bone strength in the femur at either point. However, the bone strength in L3 in the V.K2 group was higher than that in the 0.5%-Ca group at 3 weeks and in the 0.2%-Ca group at 6 weeks than that in the respective control group. These findings suggest that V.K2 has curative effect on bone strength in the vertebra. Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Calcium; Femur; Lumbar Vertebrae; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 2 | 1999 |
Efficacy of menadione dimethylpyrimidinol bisulfite as a source of vitamin K in swine diets.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Diet; Female; Hematocrit; Leukocyte Count; Male; Prothrombin Time; Pyrimidines; Swine; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 2 | 1976 |