melphalan and Lupus-Nephritis

We reviewed the literature in 2007 on 3 groups of systemic diseases affecting the kidney: lupic nephropathy (LN), small vessel vasculitis (SVV) and renal amyloidosis. A systematic review of 268 patients with LN pooled from 4 studies found that mycophenolic acid (MPA) in the induction phase caused more remissions and achieved greater renal survival than cyclophosphamide (CP), confirming it as a valid alternative to CP. Using a protocol including rituximab and MPA in the induction phase (14 days), MPA alone without corticoids is effective and safe in the maintenance phase. Rituximab has also been successfully used in CP-resistant forms of LN, where it reduces clinical activity and mesangial proliferation. Plasma exchanges achieve better results than bolus corticoids in SVS with severe renal failure. Complications are severe. Anti- TNF-alpha agents provide no benefit in this indication. Prolonged administration of low-dose corticoids reduces the incidence of relapses. MPA is an alternative to CP if this drug cannot be administered. Good results are achieved with rituximab in CP-resistant forms. According to a controlled trial, treatment of AL amyloidosis with dexamethasone and melphalan has equivalent results to highdose melphalan and rescue with hematopoietic stem cell transplant. In AA amyloidosis, eprosidate slows the rate of progression of renal failure.

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Amyloidosis; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; Combined Modality Therapy; Cyclophosphamide; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Lupus Nephritis; Melphalan; Mycophenolic Acid; Plasma Exchange; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Recurrence; Rituximab; Vasculitis