mart-1-antigen and Ovarian-Neoplasms

This study aimed to explore the clinicopathological characteristics, immunophenotype, histological occurrence, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis of ovarian luteoma tumor of pregnancy.. The clinical features, histomorphology, immunohistochemistry, and reticular fiber staining results of 18 cases of luteoma tumors of pregnancy were analyzed, and related published studies were reviewed.. The 18 cases of luteoma tumors were all women who had undergone multiple pregnancies. The tumors were 1.3-15 cm in size and brownish yellow or reddish brown in color, with a soft texture. Microscopic examination revealed the eosinophilic cytoplasm of tumor cells and diffuse hyperplasia. The results of the immunohistochemical analysis were as follows: α-inhibin, AE1/AE3, CD99, and vimentin were positive, while epithelial membrane antigen, S-100, HMB45, and MelanA were negative. One case was positive for MelanA. The staining results of reticular fibers showed that the argyrophilic reticular fibers were black surrounding the tumor cell nests.. Luteoma tumor of pregnancy is a rare tumor-like lesion mostly appearing in late pregnancy. The gross, immunohistochemical staining, and reticular fiber staining results may help diagnose this disease. The disease needs to be differentiated from other diseases.

Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Luteoma; MART-1 Antigen; Mucin-1; Ovarian Neoplasms; Pregnancy; Reticulin; Vimentin

Melan-A/MART-1 is a recently identified new melanocytic differentiation marker, which is recognized as an antigen on melanoma cells by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. It is of interest for clinicians as potential immunotherapeutic target and it is relevant for pathologists as a novel diagnostic marker, since two antibodies (A103 and M2-7C10) have become available to study Melan-A/MART-1 expression on archival material. Both antibodies are useful in the differential diagnosis of melanocytic tumors, especially metastatic tumors, since they are more sensitive than HMB-45. Both antibodies are also of diagnostic value in the recognition of perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (angiomyolipoma, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, and clear cell tumor). Since A103 has the unique property of staining many steroid hormone producing cells, this antibody is also of value for the recognition of tumors derived from these cells, such as adrenocortical carcinomas. Both antibodies are likely to be included in the routine diagnostic armamentarium of many immunohistochemical laboratories in the near future.

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms; Angiomyolipoma; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens, Differentiation; Antigens, Neoplasm; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Lymphangioleiomyomatosis; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; MART-1 Antigen; Melanocytes; Melanoma; Neoplasm Proteins; Ovarian Neoplasms; Skin Neoplasms; Testicular Neoplasms

Although a large number of immunohistochemical markers have been proven to be valuable in the differential diagnosis between epithelioid mesotheliomas and metastatic carcinomas involving the serosal membrane, no single antibody has been found that is absolutely sensitive and/or specific in making this distinction. A recent study reported melan A positivity in all 12 of the epithelioid mesotheliomas stained with a melan A antibody (clone A103). To fully determine the practical value of this antibody for assisting in the differential diagnosis of mesotheliomas, we investigated the expression of melan A (A103) in 40 mesotheliomas (27 epithelioid, 6 sarcomatoid, and 7 biphasic), 10 lung adenocarcinomas, and 10 serous carcinomas of the ovary. None of the mesotheliomas, lung adenocarcinomas, or serous carcinomas of the ovary were melan A (A103) positive. Similar staining results were observed in the 20 mesotheliomas immunostained in another institution using the same antibody clone from a different commercial source. On the basis of these results, it is concluded that in contrast to the initial report, melan A (A103) is not expressed in mesotheliomas and therefore, immunostaining with this antibody has no utility in the diagnosis of mesothelioma. The possible cause of the discrepancies between the results obtained in the present investigation and those of the initial study is discussed.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adenocarcinoma of Lung; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Gene Expression; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Lung Neoplasms; MART-1 Antigen; Mesothelioma; Ovarian Neoplasms; Pleural Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCTs), also known as arrhenoblastomas, are tumors of the sex cord-stromal group of ovary and testis cancers. They comprise <1% of all ovarian tumors. They are divided into 6 categories based on the degree of differentiation and the presence of heterologous elements. However, <15% of these tumors are poorly differentiated.. A 23-year-old unmarried female presented with an 8-month history of irregular menstrual cycle and abdominal pain. There were no clinical features suggesting virilization. The left salpingo-oophorectomy specimen revealed an oval ovarian mass of 11 × 7 × 4 cm in dimension. Grossly, the cut surface of the mass was yellowish white in color and solid in consistency and touch preparation was made. By applying cytology and immunocytochemistry techniques, a preliminary diagnosis suggestive of poorly differentiated SLCT was made. The tumor was confirmed as a poorly differentiated SLCT.. Cytology and immunocytochemistry by WT-1, melan A, vimentin and calretinin are helpful in the diagnosis of poorly differentiated SLCTs.

Topics: Adult; Biomarkers, Tumor; Calbindin 2; Cell Differentiation; Cytodiagnosis; Female; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; MART-1 Antigen; Ovarian Neoplasms; Prognosis; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G; Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor; Vimentin; WT1 Proteins; Young Adult

Topics: 12E7 Antigen; Antigens, CD; Calbindin 2; Carcinoma, Endometrioid; CD56 Antigen; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Inhibins; MART-1 Antigen; Neprilysin; Ovarian Neoplasms; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G; Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor; Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors; Steroidogenic Factor 1; WT1 Proteins

Fourteen steroid cell tumors (SCTs) of the ovary were studied by immunohistochemistry including inhibin, calretinin, CD99, Melan A, androgen receptor, and AE1/3. Twelve tumors were primary and 2 were recurrent. The primary tumors included 5 stromal luteomas (SL), 5 SCTs, not otherwise specified, and 2 Leydig cell tumors, 1 of the hilar type and 1 of the nonhilar type. All tumors were classified according to the predominant cell type. Six tumors were eosinophilic cell type, 3 clear-cell type, and 5 were mixed eosinophilic-clear-cell type. Inhibin, calretinin, and CD99 were positive in all 14 tumors. Twelve of 14 tumors (86%) were positive for Melan A and 9 of 14 (64%) for androgen receptor. AE 1/3 immunopositivity was found in 5 of 14 tumors (36%). Immunohistochemistry helps in the distinction between SCTs of the ovary and other primary or metastatic ovarian neoplasms with eosinophilic and clear-cell histology. In addition, immunohistochemistry can confirm the presence of recurrent SCT, if no sufficient clinical history is provided. As some SCTs can be positive for epithelial markers and histologically similar epithelial tumors can be positive for sex cord stromal markers, the use of multiple immunohistochemical stains is recommended.

Topics: 12E7 Antigen; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Neoplasm; Calbindin 2; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Inhibins; MART-1 Antigen; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Proteins; Ovarian Neoplasms; Receptors, Androgen; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G; Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors

In this study, we present the clinicopathologic features and immunophenotypic characteristics of five cases of uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex cord tumors and three cases of endometrial stromal tumors with sex cord-like elements, with emphasis on immunohistochemical markers of sex cord differentiation. The mean patient age was 42 years (range 19-69 years), and vaginal bleeding was the most common clinical presentation. The tumors were usually polypoid masses arising in the uterine fundus, with a mean tumor size of 6.7 cm. Sex cord patterns in uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex cord tumors, including anastomosing cords, trabeculae, small nests, tubules, and in one case, a striking retiform architecture with Leydig-like cells, comprised from 70 to 100% of the tumor volume. All uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex cord tumors were positive for two or more markers of sex cord differentiation; all five cases showed strong immunoreactivity for calretinin, with coexpression of CD99 (four cases), Melan-A (two cases), and inhibin (two cases). Endometrial stromal tumors with sex cord-like elements were less frequently positive for markers of sex cord differentiation, with each case positive for one marker (calretinin, two cases; CD99, one case). In addition, all eight cases were frequently positive for cytokeratin, CD10, vimentin, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor; desmin immunoreactivity, when present, was limited to minor foci of smooth muscle. Overall, the morphologic and immunohistochemical findings in uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex cord tumors strongly support that these unusual uterine tumors are polyphenotypic neoplasms with true sex cord differentiation.

Topics: 12E7 Antigen; Adult; Aged; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Neoplasm; Biomarkers; Calbindin 2; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Cell Differentiation; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Inhibins; Keratins; MART-1 Antigen; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Proteins; Neprilysin; Ovarian Neoplasms; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, Progesterone; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G; Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors; Uterine Neoplasms; Vimentin

Ovarian malignant melanoma (MM), primary or metastatic, is an extremely rare tumor and in the absence of a previous diagnosis can represent a diagnostic challenge. We present the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of 23 cases seen in our institution over a period of 40 years (1962-2001). The patients' age ranged from 14 to 53 years (mean 35.7 years). Ethnicity was known in 19 patients: 14 white, 4 Hispanic, and 1 black. A previous history of MM was definitively obtained in 14 patients; in these cases, the interval between the primary MM and the ovarian metastasis ranged from 15 to 228 months (mean 77.7 months). The tumor was unilateral in 19 and bilateral in 4 cases. The tumor size ranged from 4.5 to 23 cm (average 10 cm); the melanoma arising in a cystic teratoma was 0.2 mm in thickness. The tumor was grossly pigmented in 8 cases (35%). The architectural pattern was nodular (8 cases), diffuse (6 cases), nodular and diffuse (5 cases), nested (3 cases), and lentiginous arising in a teratoma (1 case). Follicle-like spaces were seen in 8 cases, pseudo-glandular areas in 1 case, pseudo-myxoid areas in 1 case, and cords in 1 case. The tumor cell type was epithelioid in 19 cases, spindled in 2 cases, mixed epithelioid and spindled in 1 case, and small cell in 1 case. Nucleoli were prominent in 18 cases, and nuclear inclusions were present but rare in the majority of cases. Nuclear grooves were seen in 3 cases. Necrosis was extensive in 8 cases, focal in 10 cases, and was absent in 5 cases. In 8 cases, initial diagnoses included sex cord stromal tumor, germ cell tumor, sarcoma, or undifferentiated carcinoma. S-100 was positive in 18 of 19 cases, HMB-45 in 17 of 20 cases, MART-1 in 13 of 15 cases, tyrosinase in 10 of 15 cases, and Mitf in 8 of 14 cases. Inhibin was positive in 3 of 14 cases. Calretinin was focally positive in 1 of 12 cases. Treatment performed in 18 of the cases are as follows: oophorectomy with/without chemotherapy (10); total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with/without chemotherapy (6); vaginal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and chemotherapy (1); and total abdominal hysterectomy with salpingo-oophorectomy (1). Follow-up ranging from 2 to 96 months was available in 18 patients. All but one had metastases in other organs, most often in the lungs. Thirteen patients died of disease (range 2-76 months), 3 are alive with disease (6-18 months), and 2 have no evidence of disease at 24 and 96

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antigens, Neoplasm; Calbindin 2; DNA-Binding Proteins; Ethnicity; Female; Humans; Hysterectomy; Immunohistochemistry; Inhibins; MART-1 Antigen; Melanoma; Melanoma-Specific Antigens; Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor; Middle Aged; Monophenol Monooxygenase; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Proteins; Ovarian Neoplasms; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G; S100 Proteins; Teratoma; Transcription Factors; Treatment Outcome

A103 is a melanocyte-associated monoclonal antibody that recognizes the Melan-A/MART-1 antigen in melanomas. The Melan-A/MART-1 antigen is also expressed in Leydig cells, adrenal tissue, and steroid-secreting tumors. A103 immunoreactivity in ovarian neoplasms, specifically sex cord stromal tumors (SCSTs), has not been well studied. Inhibin is known to be expressed in SCSTs but is also expressed in some carcinomas and other tumors. We sought to explore the usefulness of both antibodies in the diagnosis of ovarian neoplasms. Using conventional tissue sections and a tissue microarray, we studied the immunoreactivities of 131 ovarian tumors for A103 and inhibin: 30 SCSTs, including fibrothecoma, luteoma, hilus cell tumor, granulosa cell tumor, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, and sex cord tumor with annular tubules, and a control group of 96 surface epithelial tumors. A few other rare ovarian tumors including 1 small cell carcinoma, 1 adenocarcinoid tumor, 1 ovarian tumor of probable wolffian origin, 1 Krukenberg tumor, and 1 desmoplastic small round cell tumor were also studied. Inhibin staining was generally strong and diffuse in the majority of SCSTs (83%) and at least focally positive in the small cell carcinoma, ovarian tumor of probable wolffian origin, Krukenberg tumor, and desmoplastic small round cell tumor. Variable immunoreactivities were also present in 7 of 96 (7.3%) surface epithelial tumors. In comparison, A103 expression was usually weaker and more focal than that of inhibin and was present in a smaller proportion of SCSTs (37%) and negative in all the surface epithelial tumors. A103 was typically positive in the lipid-containing cells (both neoplastic and normal components) of these tumors (fibrothecomas, luteomas, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, hilus cell tumors, and granulosa cell tumors), and in some cases, moderate positivity was noted in these cells. Weak A103 positivity was identified in the single case of ovarian tumor of probable wolffian origin. A103 is relatively less sensitive than inhibin for recognizing SCSTs but does not appear to be expressed by ovarian surface epithelial tumors. It is therefore more specific than inhibin for SCSTs and is a useful marker for specifically identifying lipid-containing cells in tumors. Thus, adding A103 to a panel of markers including inhibin may be a valuable adjunct in the differential diagnoses of SCSTs and their distinction from other ovarian neoplasms.

Topics: Antigens, Neoplasm; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Inhibins; MART-1 Antigen; Neoplasm Proteins; Ovarian Neoplasms

The monoclonal antibody A103 to the melanocytic differentiation antigen Melan A stains human steroid-producing cells and their tumors. A total of 200 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded canine normal tissues and hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions of the adrenal gland, testis, and ovary were immunohistochemically tested for Melan A with antibody A103. Leydig cell tumors (23/23, 100%), Sertoli cell tumors (14/15, 93%), and adrenocortical adenomas (12/13, 92%) were consistently positive. Adrenocortical carcinomas (23/35, 65%) and granulosa cell tumors (10/17, 59%) were less frequently positive. All pheochromocytomas, seminomas, and dysgerminomas were negative. The pattern of staining was cytoplasmic, but nuclear staining was also frequently seen in normal Leydig cells and their tumors. As in human tumors, immunohistochemistry for Melan A stains many canine steroid-producing tumors and can be used to distinguish these tumors from those of nonstereidogenic cells.

Topics: Adenoma; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens, Neoplasm; Diagnosis, Differential; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Dysgerminoma; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; MART-1 Antigen; Neoplasm Proteins; Ovarian Neoplasms; Seminoma; Testicular Neoplasms

A 47-year-old woman developed metastatic melanoma to the right ovary 14 years after the enucleation of the right eye for a choroidal spindle cell melanoma. An immunohistochemical study was performed on paraffin sections of both primary and metastatic melanoma specimens to identify markers of both aggressive phenotype and metastatic potential with particular attention to the anomalous expression of cytokeratin intermediate filament proteins. Neoplastic cells of both primary and metastatic tumors immunostained positively for S-100, HMB45, MART-1, and vimentin antibodies, but they were negative for cytokeratins 1-19, 8, 18, and 8,18; <10% of neoplastic cells in both the primary and the metastatic melanomas immunostained for Ki-67 proliferating antigen using MIB-1 antibody. We speculate that the indolent behavior of this ovarian metastasis is reflected by the absence of coexpression of cytokeratins 8 and 18 with vimentin. This case supports the practical value of using this panel of antibodies to evaluate the aggressive potential of uveal melanomas.

Topics: Antigens, Neoplasm; Carcinoma; Choroid Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Immunophenotyping; Intermediate Filament Proteins; Keratins; Ki-67 Antigen; MART-1 Antigen; Melanoma; Melanoma-Specific Antigens; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Proteins; Ovarian Neoplasms; S100 Proteins; Time Factors; Vimentin

Evidence is growing for both humoral and cellular immune recognition of human tumor antigens. Antibodies with specificity for antigens initially recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), e.g., MAGE and tyrosinase, have been detected in melanoma patient sera, and CTLs with specificity for NY-ESO-1, a cancer-testis (CT) antigen initially identified by autologous antibody, have recently been identified. To establish a screening system for the humoral response to autoimmunogenic tumor antigens, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed using recombinant NY-ESO-1, MAGE-1, MAGE-3, SSX2, Melan-A, and tyrosinase proteins. A survey of sera from 234 cancer patients showed antibodies to NY-ESO-1 in 19 patients, to MAGE-1 in 3, to MAGE-3 in 2, and to SSX2 in 1 patient. No reactivity to these antigens was found in sera from 70 normal individuals. The frequency of NY-ESO-1 antibody was 9.4% in melanoma patients and 12.5% in ovarian cancer patients. Comparison of tumor NY-ESO-1 phenotype and NY-ESO-1 antibody response in 62 stage IV melanoma patients showed that all patients with NY-ESO-1(+) antibody had NY-ESO-1(+) tumors, and no patients with NY-ESO-1(-) tumors had NY-ESO-1 antibody. As the proportion of melanomas expressing NY-ESO-1 is 20-40% and only patients with NY-ESO-1(+) tumors have antibody, this would suggest that a high percentage of patients with NY-ESO-1(+) tumors develop an antibody response to NY-ESO-1.

Topics: Antibodies, Neoplasm; Antigens, Neoplasm; Autoantibodies; Breast Neoplasms; Colonic Neoplasms; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; MART-1 Antigen; Melanoma; Melanoma-Specific Antigens; Membrane Proteins; Monophenol Monooxygenase; Neoplasm Proteins; Neoplasms; Ovarian Neoplasms; Proteins; Recombinant Proteins; Repressor Proteins