mangostin and Obesity

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Fibrosis; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Obesity; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; PPAR gamma; Sirtuin 1; Xanthones

Metabolic syndrome is coexistence of abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and hypertension that causes cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and their complications, low quality and short lifespan. Garcinia mangostana and its xanthones such as α-mangostin have been shown desirable effects such as anti-obesity, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-dyslipidemia, anti-diabetic and antiinflammatory effects in experimental studies. Various databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science with keywords of 'Garcinia mangostana', 'mangosteen', 'α-mangostin', 'metabolic syndrome', 'hypoglycemic', 'antihyperglicemic', 'antidiabetic', 'hypotensive', 'antihypertensive', 'atherosclerosis', 'arteriosclerosis' and 'hyperlipidemia' have been investigated in this search without publication time limitation. This study reviewed all pharmacological effects and molecular pathways of G. mangostana and its xanthones in the management of metabolic syndrome and its complications in in-vitro and in-vivo studies. Based on these studies, mangosteen and its xanthones have good potential to design human studies for controlling and modification of metabolic syndrome and its related disorders such as obesity, disrupted lipid profile, diabetes and its complications. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Topics: Animals; Garcinia mangostana; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Obesity; Plant Extracts; Xanthones

Obesity is an increasing epidemic worldwide and novel treatments are urgently needed. Polyphenols are natural compounds derived from plants, which are known in particular for their antioxidant properties. However, some polyphenols were described to possess anti-obesity activities in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we aimed to screen a library of 85 polyphenol derivatives for their lipid reducing activity and toxicity. Compounds were analyzed at 5 μM with the zebrafish Nile red fluorescence fat metabolism assay and for general toxicity in vivo. To improve the safety profile, compounds were screened at 50 μM in murine preadipocytes in vitro for cytotoxicity. Obtained activity data were used to create a 2D-QSAR (quantitative structure activity relationship) model. 38 polyphenols showed strong lipid reducing activity. Toxicity analysis revealed that 18 of them did not show any toxicity in vitro or in vivo. QSAR analysis revealed the importance of the number of rings, fractional partial positively charged surface area, relative positive charge, relative number of oxygen atoms, and partial negative surface area for lipid-reducing activity. The five most potent compounds with EC

Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; Adipocytes; Animals; Anti-Obesity Agents; Antioxidants; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Lipid Metabolism; Mice; Obesity; Polyphenols; Zebrafish

Obesity induces various metabolic diseases such as dyslipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and type 2 diabetes. Fat expansion in adipose tissue induces adipose tissue dysfunction and inflammation, insulin resistance, and other metabolic syndromes. α-Mangostin (α-MG) has been previously studied for its anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of α-MG on adipose tissue inflammation and hepatic steatosis. We categorized study animals into four groups: regular diet control mice, RD mice treated with α-MG, high fat diet-induced obese mice, and HFD mice treated with α-MG. α-MG treatment significantly reduced not only the body, liver, and fat weights, but also plasma glucose, insulin, and triglyceride levels in HFD mice. Additionally, adiponectin levels of α-MG-treated mice were significantly higher than those of control HFD mice. Immunohistochemistry of liver and adipose tissue showed that CD11c expression was reduced in α-MG fed obese mice. α-MG treatment of HFD mice down-regulated the adipose-associated inflammatory cytokines and CCR2 in both liver and adipose tissue. Moreover, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were significantly improved in α-MG fed obese mice. α-Mangostin ameliorates adipose inflammation and hepatic steatosis in HFD-induced obese mice.

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Body Weight; Bone Marrow Cells; Cell Line; Cytokines; Diet, High-Fat; Disease Models, Animal; Fatty Acids; Glucose Tolerance Test; Inflammation Mediators; Insulin Resistance; Liver; Macrophages; Mice; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Obesity; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Receptors, CCR2; Xanthones

Previous studies have shown that α-mangostin (α-MG) suppresses intracellular fat accumulation and stimulation of lipolysis in in vitro systems. Together with the relatively high distribution of α-MG in liver and fat, these observations made it possible to propose a plausible hypothesis that an α-MG supplement may regulate hepatic steatosis and obesity. An α-MG supplement (50 mg/kg) reduced the body weight gain (13.8%) and epidymal and retroperitoneal fat mass accumulation (15.0 and 11.3%, respectively), as well as the biochemical serum profiles such as cholesterol [TC (26.9%), LDL-C (39.1%), and HDL-C (15.3%)], glucose (30.2%), triglyceride (29.7%), and fatty acid (30.3%) levels in high-fat fed mice compared with the high-fat diet-treated group, indicating that α-MG may regulate lipid metabolism. In addition, an α-MG supplement up-regulated hepatic AMPK, SirT1, and PPARγ levels compared with the high-fat diet states, suggesting that α-MG regulates hepatic steatosis and obesity through the SirT1-AMPK and PPARγ pathways in high-fat diet-induced obese mice.

Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Fatty Liver; Humans; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Obese; Obesity; PPAR gamma; Sirtuin 1; Xanthones