mangostin and Hyperglycemia

The hyperglycemic condition in diabetes induces cellular senescence in vascular endothelial cells and causes cardiovascular complications. Alpha-mangostin is a xanthone found in Garcinia mangostana, and has shown protective effects in metabolic syndrome.. In this study, the anti-senescence effects of alpha-mangostin in the hyperglycemic condition are investigated.. HUVECs were incubated with high glucose for 6 days and co-treated by metformin or alpha-mangostin. After 6 days, cell viability, reactive oxygen species, the percentage of senescent cells, secretory interleukin-6, and the expression of SIRT1, AMPK, p53 and p21 were measured.. High glucose (60 mM) significantly decreased cellular viability and increased reactive oxygen species and cellular senescence through the reduction of senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. Moreover, high glucose increased the protein levels of p53, acetyl-p53 and p21. The protein levels of SIRT1 and total AMPK were decreased by high glucose. High glucose increased the secretion of IL-6. Alpha-mangostin (1.25 μM) and metformin (50 μM) reversed the toxic effects of high glucose in HUVECs.. These results show that alpha-mangostin, similar to metformin, has anti-senescence effects in high-glucose conditions, which is probably due to its antioxidant activity through the SIRT1 pathway. Alpha-mangostin has previously shown anti-inflammatory effects and metabolic status improvement in animal and clinical studies. Therefore, this natural agent can be considered as a supplement to prevent vascular complications caused by high glucose in patients with diabetes. Graphical abstract.

Topics: beta-Galactosidase; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cellular Senescence; Glucose; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Osmotic Pressure; Reactive Oxygen Species; Xanthones

α-Mangostin play crucial role in several cellular progress, including hyperglycemia-induced inhibition of cell growth and promotion of cell apoptosis. Increasing evidence displayed the important roles of lncRNAs and their potential as novel targets for drug development in human disease. However, there is rare study to comprehensively and systematically explore the role and underlying mechanism of lncRNAs in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under hyperglycemia with or without α-Mangostin. In this study, we firstly found that α-Mangostin reduced the high glucose-induced inhibition of cell proliferation and migration potential of HUVECs. Then, we performed RNA-seq to dissect the expression profiles of lncRNAs in HUVECs treated with high glucose or high glucose supplemented with α-Mangostin. The results showed that the expression of H19 and HE4 was down-regulated by high glucose and further, α-Mangostin restored the high glucose-induced inhibition of H19 and HE4 expression. Further examination demonstrated that the modulation of the H19 and HE4 expression affected the function of α-Mangostin in hyperglycemia. In addition, H19 regulated HE4 expression via the modulation of the miR-140 expression. Finally, we showed that H19 exerted its function via the modulation of H19/miR-140/HE4 in hyperglycemia with α-Mangostin. In summary, this study is the first to comprehensively identify the lncRNAs/mRNAs network in hyperglycemia with or without α-Mangostin, highlighting a novel regulatory pathway in hyperglycemia with or without α-Mangostin and indicating the potential therapeutic role of α-Mangostin in diabetes mellitus.

Topics: Cell Proliferation; Gene Expression Regulation; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Hyperglycemia; MicroRNAs; RNA, Long Noncoding; RNA, Messenger; WAP Four-Disulfide Core Domain Protein 2; Xanthones

The present study examined effects of alpha-mangostin (α-MG) supplementation on the retinal microvasculature, including ocular blood flow (OBF) and blood-retinal barrier (BRB) permeability in a type 2 diabetic animal model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: normal control and diabetes with or without α-MG supplementation. Alpha-mangostin (200 mg/Kg/day) was administered by gavage feeding for 8 weeks. The effects of α-MG on biochemical and physiological parameters including mean arterial pressure (MAP), OBF, and BRB leakage were investigated. Additionally, levels of retinal malondialdehyde (MDA), advance glycation end products (AGEs), receptor of advance glycation end products (RAGE), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were evaluated. The elevated blood glucose, HbA1c, cholesterol, triglyceride, serum insulin, and HOMA-IR were observed in DM2 rats. Moreover, DM2 rats had significantly decreased OBF but statistically increased MAP and leakage of the BRB. The α-MG-treated DM2 rats showed significantly lower levels of retinal MDA, AGEs, RAGE, TNF-α, and VEGF than the untreated group. Interestingly, α-MG supplementation significantly increased OBF while it decreased MAP and leakage of BRB. In conclusion, α-MG supplementation could restore OBF and improve the BRB integrity, indicating its properties closely associated with antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiglycation activities.

Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Blood-Retinal Barrier; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Male; Rats; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Xanthones

The present study investigated the effects of long-term supplementation of alpha-mangostin (MG; a xanthone isolated from mangosteen fruit) on hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats.. Type 2 diabetes (DM2) was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by feeding high fat diet for three weeks followed by an IP injection of low dose streptozotocin. The rats were divided into four groups: control and diabetes without or with alpha-MG supplementation (CON, DM2, CON-MG and DM2-MG group, respectively). Alpha-MG was administered by gavage feeding in the amount of 200 mg/kg BW/day for 8 or 40 weeks. Fasting blood glucose, plasma HbA1c, cholesterol, and triglyceride were determined in all groups of rats. Serum insulin, calculated HOMA-IR and Oral glucose tolerance test were also carried out.. The results showed that both 8 and 40 weeks DM2 groups had a significant increase in fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, plasma cholesterol and triglyceride compared with their aged-match control groups. Furthermore, the serum insulin and HOMA-IR were significantly elevated in 8 weeks DM2 whereas these two parameters were significantly decreased in 40 weeks DM2 group compared with their aged-match CON groups (p < 0.001). The OGTT showed impaired glucose tolerance in DM2 groups. Interestingly, alpha-MG supplemented DM2-MG group had significantly decreased levels of fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, plasma cholesterol, triglyceride when compared with the untreated DM2 groups. Supplementation of alpha-MG for 40 weeks in DM2-MG group showed significantly increase serum insulin levels compared with that of DM2 group (p < 0.001). Moreover alpha-MG supplemented DM-MG group demonstrated a better glucose tolerance pattern which was different from that of DM2 group at both 8 weeks and 40 weeks experimental periods.. Long-term alpha-mangostin supplementation has anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic effects and increase insulin sensitivity by improving beta-cell functions in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Supplements; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Insulin Resistance; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Streptozocin; Xanthones