maltitol and Dental-Caries

The caries-preventive efficacy of sweeteners and sugar substitutes is not clearly established on an epidemiological scale. A review of cariogenicity assessments in vitro and in vivo as well as of human clinical caries trials, however, clearly demonstrates that the replacement of sugar by such products has a caries-preventive effect. The clinical relevance of some bacteriostatic and/or cariostatic properties ascribed to saccharin, aspartame, and xylitol remains to be corroborated.

Topics: Aspartame; Cariostatic Agents; Cyclamates; Dental Caries; Disaccharides; Humans; Maltose; Mannitol; Saccharin; Sorbitol; Sugar Alcohols; Sweetening Agents; Xylitol

Sugar-free chewing gum containing polyols has been demonstrated to reduce caries experience in randomised controlled clinical trials. A range of polyols (mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol and maltitol) can be found in sugar-free gums and it has been claimed that they can facilitate calcium uptake into enamel subsurface lesions promoting remineralisation.. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of polyols on remineralisation of enamel subsurface lesions in vitro by artificial saliva (AS) and by AS containing the salivary biomimetic casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP).. The polyols (12.6% w/v) and CPP-ACP (0.376% w/v) were used at physiologically relevant concentrations approximating those released into saliva during chewing a CPP-ACP/polyol chewing gum. Enamel subsurface lesions were exposed to one of the polyols (xylitol, sorbitol, maltitol, mannitol) in AS or AS containing CPP-ACP for 7days at 37°C with a change of solution each day. Remineralisation of the enamel subsurface lesions was measured by transverse microradiography.. A statistical test for equivalence showed there was no difference in remineralisation between the AS solutions with or without any of the polyols. The AS+CPP-ACP solution substantially promoted remineralisation over AS alone independently of any polyol added.. This controlled in vitro study showed that polyols at physiologically relevant concentrations did not promote remineralisation of enamel subsurface lesions by facilitating calcium uptake into the lesion.

Topics: Cariostatic Agents; Caseins; Chewing Gum; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel; Drug Combinations; Humans; Maltose; Mannitol; Microradiography; Molar, Third; Polymers; Saliva; Saliva, Artificial; Sorbitol; Sugar Alcohols; Surface Properties; Tooth Remineralization; Xylitol

The effects on plaque parameters of sugar free chewing-gums (CG) sweetened with either maltitol or xylitol were assessed to better understand the role polyols can play in dental caries prevention.. A double-blind, parallel, randomised, controlled study was conducted in China. Subjects (N = 258, age = 13 to 15 years-old) were divided into 4 groups: 2 receiving polyols CG, containing respectively maltitol or xylitol, a group receiving gum base (placebo) and a negative control group not receiving any gum. CG were chewed for 30 days. This corresponds to a 10 g consumption of polyol per day. Plaque parameters (growth, pH, bacteria and insoluble glucans) were evaluated throughout the experimental period.. All parameters studied were significantly modified with gum base compared to no-gum: plaque pH increased; plaque growth, bacteria (S. mutans, S. sobrinus, A. viscosus and Lactobacillus) and insoluble glucans decreased. Maltitol and xylitol CG led similarly to a higher plaque pH (AUC, p⋜0.05) on short (at baseline after the first CG consumption) and long term (after 4 weeks of daily CG consumption), with or without saliva stimulation compared to both control and placebo groups. They led to a decrease in plaque growth (p=0.02) over the experimental period compared to controls. Moreover, they significantly reduced the concentration of 4 cariogenic bacteria species (p⋜0.05) in dental plaque compared to gum base.. Sugar free CG sweetened with either maltitol or xylitol can similarly reduce plaque acidogenicity compared to gum base through a decrease in oral bacteria presence. The use of a gum base placebo allowed to isolate effects on parameters involved in dental caries development specific to maltitol and xylitol, and to show these effects were similar.

Topics: Actinomyces viscosus; Adolescent; Analysis of Variance; Area Under Curve; Cariostatic Agents; Chewing Gum; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Double-Blind Method; Glucans; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactobacillus; Maltose; Statistics, Nonparametric; Streptococcus mutans; Streptococcus sobrinus; Sugar Alcohols; Xylitol

Xylitol studies suggest caries reductions in the order of 50%. Based on animal/microbial studies, erythritol potentially has caries-preventive properties. However, clinical studies are required to confirm this. The aim of the study was to investigate the additional caries-preventive effect of xylitol/maltitol and erythritol/maltitol lozenges delivered at school, relative to controls receiving comprehensive prevention, in a low-caries prevalence population.. A 4-year, cluster-randomized, double-blinded clinical trial. Five hundred and seventy-nine 10-year-old consenting subjects from 21 schools were randomly assigned to one of five groups. Four groups used the lozenges on school days, in three teacher-supervised sessions daily, over 1 or 2 years. The daily amount was 4.7 g/4.6 g for xylitol/maltitol and 4.5 g/4.2 g for erythritol/maltitol. The groups received free examinations and care in the public health centre. Four hundred and ninety-six children were analysed. The main outcome measure was dentin caries increment based on a clinical examination at 4 years since the start. The groups were compared in relation to the increment using hierarchical logistic regression to adjust for potential clustering.. Use of xylitol/maltitol or erythritol/maltitol lozenges did not result in caries reduction. A strong relationship between baseline caries prevalence and the 4-year increment was observed (OR = 7.38; 95% CI: 3.78-14.41).. The results suggest that in relatively low-caries conditions the school-based use of xylitol/maltitol or erythritol/maltitol lozenges would not have additional caries-preventive effect when compared with comprehensive prevention.

Topics: Cariostatic Agents; Child; Dental Care; Dental Caries; Dentin; DMF Index; Double-Blind Method; Erythritol; Female; Finland; Fluorides; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Maltose; Radiography, Bitewing; Risk Assessment; Sugar Alcohols; Sweetening Agents; Tablets; Treatment Outcome; Water Supply; Xylitol

To evaluate the effect of sugar-free snacks on caries-related factors in 6- to 9-year-old schoolchildren.. Two hundred seventy-one children at risk for caries as measured through the Cariogram were randomly assigned to three groups consuming twice-daily snacks containing Stevia, maltitol or sugar for 42 days. Parents filled out a standardised questionnaire regarding personal, medical and oral behavioural information. Bleeding on probing, plaque pH and salivary mutans streptococchi (MS) and lactobacilli (LB) were assessed at baseline (t0), 42 days of snack use (t1) and 120 days after the end of use (t2). The Cariogram calculation was repeated at t1. Treatment effects were estimated using linear mixed-effects regression models.. At t2, a decrease in cariogenic bacteria (MS X2 = 8.01, p < 0.01 and LB X2 = 4.60, p = 0.03) and an increase of the minimum pH (F = 4.48, p < 0.01), maximum pH (F = 2.88 p < 0.01) and pH drop (F = 2.95 p < 0.01) was recorded in the Stevia group compared to baseline. In the maltitol group, an improvement effect was noted: LB concentration decreased (p = 0.04) and maximum pH (F = 3.16 p < 0.01) increased. Subjects classified by the Cariogram as have a low probability of developing caries increased in the Stevia and maltitol groups (X2(4) = 25.44, p < 0.01, C*sV = 0.38 and X2(4) = 12.85, p = 0.01, C*sV = 0.27, respectively). Regression analysis underlines the effect of Stevia snacks on the cariogenic microflora, mainly on MS and plaque pH variations.. The short-term administration of Stevia or maltitol snacks improves some important factors related to caries. This preventive strategy might be an additional means of combatting this common childhood disease.

Topics: Child; Dental Caries; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Maltose; Saliva; Snacks; Stevia; Streptococcus mutans; Sugar Alcohols; Sweetening Agents

The effect of maltitol on caries development was examined in an experimental caries system employing specific pathogen-free (SPF) Sprague-Dawley rats. Fourteen strains of oral streptococci, including mutans streptococci, did not utilize the maltitol nor produce sufficient acid to demineralize tooth enamel. Furthermore, maltitol did not serve as a substrate for glucosyltransferases of either Streptococcus mutans MT8148R or Streptococcus sobrinus 6715 to synthesize water-insoluble glucan. Maltitol induced no significant dental caries in SPF rats infected with these mutans streptococci, and replacement of the dietary sucrose content with maltitol resulted in a trend towards caries reduction in SPF rats.

Topics: Animals; Bacterial Adhesion; Cariostatic Agents; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque; Glucans; Male; Maltose; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; Streptococcus; Streptococcus mutans; Streptococcus sanguis; Streptococcus sobrinus; Sucrose; Sugar Alcohols; Sweetening Agents

The caries inducing activity of maltitol was examined in in vitro and animal experiments. Fifteen strains of oral streptococci were not able to ferment maltitol. Also, maltitol inhibited the glucan synthesis from sucrose by GTases from mutans streptococci. However, the inhibition of growing-cell adherence was not so marked with the addition of maltitol to sucrose culture. In the animal experiments, maltitol did not induced dental caries in rats infected with mutans streptococci. Furthermore, maltitol significantly inhibited the sucrose-induced dental caries in rats infected with S. sobrinus 6715. However, there was no significant difference in rats infected with S. mutans MT8148R. These results indicated that maltitol is useful as a non-cariogenic sucrose substitute.

Topics: Animals; Dental Caries; Glucans; Maltose; Rats; Streptococcus mutans; Sugar Alcohols; Sweetening Agents

Topics: Animals; Cariostatic Agents; Dental Caries; Maltose; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sucrose; Sugar Alcohols; Sweetening Agents

Topics: Adult; Animals; Cattle; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel; Dental Plaque; Hardness; Humans; Male; Maltose; Oligosaccharides; Streptococcus; Sucrose; Sugar Alcohols; Sweetening Agents