losartan-potassium and Peripheral-Arterial-Disease

Thromboembolic complications are the second leading cause of death in cancer patients. In contrast to the large body of literature on venous thromboembolism (VTE), relatively few reports have focused on the pathogenesis, incidence, management and outcomes of arterial thromboembolic events in patients with malignancy. The purpose of this article is to review the current literature on the etiology, mechanisms, and prognosis of arterial thromboembolic events in cancer patients and outline appropriate screening and management guidelines that may help lower the rates of morbidity and mortality related to these events.

Topics: Algorithms; Amyloidosis; Antineoplastic Agents; Antiphospholipid Syndrome; Erythropoietin; Female; Humans; Ischemia; Male; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Neoplasms; Neurofibromatosis 1; Peripheral Arterial Disease; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Prognosis; Radiation Injuries; Recombinant Proteins; Risk Factors; Thromboembolism; Thrombophilia; Transfusion Reaction

This study was designed to evaluate hemorheological changes in patients with cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) after 4 weeks of pentoxifylline therapy as well as to study red blood cell microrheological variables after the cell incubation with pentoxifylline and some phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity inhibitors. The patients with CVD (n = 50) and PAD (n = 33) were treated with pentoxifylline (400 mg, thrice a day) for 4 weeks. Before and after drug therapy the hemorheological measurements including plasma and whole blood viscosity, red blood cell aggregation (RBCA) and deformability (RBCD) were completed. In vitro study RBCs were incubated with: 1) Vinpocetine--inhibitor PDE-1, 10 μM; 2) Rolipram--PDE-4, 10 μM; 3) Isobutyl-methylxanthine (IBMX)--nonselective PDE inhibitor, 100 μM and with pentoxifylline, 10 μM The cell incubation was performed at 37 °C for 15 min. There were the positive changes of hemorheological profile after 4 weeks of the pentoxifylline therapy both in CVD and PAD patients. The marked RBCD changes were observed after the in vitro cell pentoxifylline treatment as well. Perhaps it is connected with the inhibition of the phosphodiesterase activity in RBCs. An application of drugs and chemicals that can inhibit the PDE activity resulted in RBCD rise and RBCA decrease. The experiments with the use of selective PDE inhibitors have revealed the similar red cell deformability changes. Vinpocetine increased RBCD significantly (p < 0.05). PDE-4 inhibitor--Rolipram stimulated RBCD by 15% (p < 0.05). Some more effective was IBMX. After cell incubation with it a significant rise of the deformability (by 27%; p < 0.05) was found. All drugs, having PDE activity decreased RBCA, but the most pronounced effect had Vinpocetine (50%; p < 0.05). Thus, administered pentoxifylline, daily (1200 mg), during four weeks improves hemorheological profile and especially its microrheological part as well as the blood transport capacity in subjects with cerebral and peripheral vascular disorders. It is most probably red cell microrheological control mechanisms may be associated with the phosphodiesterase activity alterations.

Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Adult; Aged; Anemia; Blood Transfusion; Erythrocytes; Erythropoietin; Female; Hemorheology; Humans; Intracranial Arteriosclerosis; Male; Middle Aged; Organoplatinum Compounds; Pentoxifylline; Peripheral Arterial Disease; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; Prospective Studies; Recombinant Proteins; Rolipram; Vinca Alkaloids; Young Adult

Beraprost sodium (BPS) is a stable, orally active prostaglandin I(2) (PGI(2) ) analog with antiplatelet and vasodilating properties. It has been reported that PGI(2) has pleiotropic effects that are anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic. In this study, we aim to determine the relationship between PGI(2) and renal anemia. We conducted a prospective randomized trial including 20 hemodialysis patients. Ten patients were assigned to be treated with 120 µg/day of BPS and the other patients were assigned to a control group. After six months, the titer of hemoglobin had significantly increased in the BPS group compared to the baseline (11.1 ± 0.3 g/dL vs. 10.3 ± 1.4 g/dL, respectively), and there was a significant difference between the BPS group and the control group. The level of ferritin was lower in the BPS group compared to the control group, but the average dose of erythropoietin did not significantly change. These findings suggest that BPS may improve renal anemia in hemodialysis patients.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anemia; Epoprostenol; Erythropoietin; Female; Ferritins; Hemoglobins; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Peripheral Arterial Disease; Prospective Studies; Renal Dialysis; Vasodilator Agents

Erythropoietin has a pivotal role in erythropoiesis and angiogenesis. A common polymorphism (rs1617640, A > C) in the promoter of the erythropoietin gene (EPO) has been associated with erythropoietin expression and microvascular complications of diabetes. We aimed to analyze the potential role of this polymorphism in the pathogenesis of peripheral arterial disease (PAD).. EPO genotypes and laboratory markers for erythropoiesis were determined in 945 patients with PAD.. The minor EPO. The EPO

Topics: Aged; Alleles; Erythrocyte Count; Erythropoiesis; Erythropoietin; Female; Genotype; Hematocrit; Hemoglobins; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Peripheral Arterial Disease; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

G-CSF and EPO have shown a notable capability in neovascularization. However, their use is limited because of untoward leucocytosis, erythrogenesis, and short half-life in the plasma. Herein, we examined whether G-CSF and EPO released from fibrin gel injected into ischemic tissues would synergistically promote neovascularization with limited systematic effects in a rat hindlimb ischemic model.. In vivo study, group Gel received an intramuscular injection of fibrin gel; group Gel+G-CSF received fibrin gel containing human G-CSF; group Gel+EPO received fibrin gel containing human EPO; group Gel+G-CSF&EPO received fibrin gel containing G-CSF and EPO; group G-CSF&EPO received G-CSF and EPO. Through promoting the expression of SDF-1, local high concentration of EPO could traffic CXCR4+ cells mobilized by G-CSF to enhance neovascularization in ischemic muscle. The treatment with Gel+G-CSF&EPO was superior to the other treatments on blood flow reperfusion, capillary density, and α smooth muscle actin-positive vessel density. And this treatment induced a modest WBC count increase in peripheral blood.. G-CSF and EPO released from fibrin gel had a combined effect on postischemia neovascularization. This treatment may be a novel therapeutic modality for ischemic peripheral artery disease.

Topics: Animals; Chemokine CXCL12; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythropoietin; Fibrin; Gels; Gene Expression Regulation; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; Hindlimb; Humans; Ischemia; Male; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Peripheral Arterial Disease; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley