losartan-potassium and Kidney-Diseases--Cystic

Topics: Erythropoietin; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Hypoxia; Kidney; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Kidney Neoplasms; Neoplasms; Oxygen; Polycythemia; Prostaglandins; Regional Blood Flow

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Blood Pressure; Cerebellar Neoplasms; Erythrocyte Count; Erythropoietin; Female; Humans; Hydronephrosis; Kidney; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Kidney Neoplasms; Leiomyoma; Leukocytes; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Pheochromocytoma; Polycythemia; Serum Globulins; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Animals; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Dogs; Erythropoiesis; Erythropoietin; Freund's Adjuvant; Humans; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Kidney Neoplasms

Topics: Aged; Anemia; Erythropoietin; Hematocrit; Humans; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Male; Recombinant Proteins; Renal Dialysis

High erythropoietin (EPO) levels in cyst fluid and blood plasma in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) have been reported. In the present study we assessed EPO levels and the biochemical composition of cyst fluid obtained from 50 simple renal cysts. Basing on cyst fluid/plasma sodium ratio 38 cysts were classified as cysts of proximal origin, and 12 as cysts of undetermined origin. EPO concentrations in cyst fluid obtained from proximal cysts were significantly higher than in fluid from cysts of undetermined origin (472.9 +/- 116.2 vs. 112.1 +/- 33.3 mU/ml, p < 0.05). Patients with proximal cysts had significantly higher plasma EPO levels (31.8 +/- 3.5 mU/ml) than healthy subjects (17.3 +/- 1.96 mU/ml, p < 0.005). We conclude that: (1) simple renal cysts of distal origin seem to be rare; (2) the presence of high EPO level in cyst fluid suggests its proximal origin; (3) estimation of cyst fluid EPO levels seems to be of similar pathogenetic value as the assessment of the cyst fluid/plasma sodium ratio.

Topics: Adult; Cysts; Erythropoietin; Female; Humans; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Male; Middle Aged; Radioimmunoassay; Sodium

Topics: Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Erythropoietin; Humans; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Kidney Neoplasms; Polycythemia

Unilateral renal cystic disease (URCD) is a rare condition, with pathological features indistinguishable from autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). In contrast to this condition, however, URCD is not inherited, is not associated with progressive deterioration in renal function, and is unilateral. We present a case of URCD associated with polycythaemia, which showed resolution following nephrectomy. Secondary polycythaemia has not previously been reported in cases of URCD, but may be hypothesised to be a result of excess erythropoietin production.

Topics: Erythropoietin; Humans; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Male; Middle Aged; Nephrectomy; Polycythemia

This study investigated prevalence and correlates of anemia and uncontrolled anemia in chronic hemodialysis patients.. A cross-sectional analysis was performed on registry data for 2,746 chronic (>6 months) hemodialysis patients aged 25-84. Data collection included years of dialysis, hours of dialysis/wk, disease causing hemodialysis, body mass index (BMI), erythropoietin (EPO) treatment, hemoglobin, markers of viral hepatitis, serum albumin, calcium, and phosphorus.. Prevalence was 88.7% for anemia (hemoglobin <11 g/100 mL and EPO treatment at any Hb level), 39.4% for uncontrolled anemia (hemoglobin<11 g/100 mL). Gender, years of dialysis, hereditary cystic kidney disease (HCKD), and low BMI (<24 kg/m2) were independent correlates of anemia (P<0.001). Gender, HCKD, low BMI, serum albumin and calcium were independent correlates of uncontrolled anemia (P<0.05). An interaction was found between age (not correlated with anemia and uncontrolled anemia) and the association of gender with uncontrolled anemia (P<0.05). EPO doses were higher in patients with high prevalence of uncontrolled anemia than in patients with low prevalence (i.e., women vs men, other diseases vs HCKD, low vs not-low BMI, P<0.01). Gender, years of dialysis, HCKD, BMI, serum albumin, and calcium were independent correlates of the hemoglobin/EPO dose ratio in patients on EPO treatment (P<0.05).. Anemia and uncontrolled anemia are more frequent in hemodialysis patients with shortterm dialysis, diseases other than HCKD, low BMI, and female gender. Gender effect was lower in elderly patients. Uncontrolled anemia was also associated with low serum albumin and calcium, suggesting that these parameters are indices of EPO resistance.

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anemia; Body Mass Index; Calcium; Cross-Sectional Studies; Erythropoietin; Female; Hematinics; Hemoglobins; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C; Humans; Italy; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphorus; Prevalence; Registries; Renal Dialysis; Serum Albumin; Sex Factors; Time Factors

Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is characterized by multiple tumors in specific target organs. The tumors at different sites share distinct morphologic and genetic characteristics but their cell of origin is unknown. We show that VHL disease-associated renal clear cell carcinomas (RCC) consistently coexpress erythropoietin (Epo) and Epo receptor (EpoR). In addition, coexpression of Epo and EpoR is detected in many renal cysts, providing further evidence that renal cysts are potential precursors for RCC. In conjunction with VHL gene deficiency, coexpression of Epo and EpoR in renal cysts and tumors may reflect a developmental arrest in immature mesenchymal cells. Such arrest may lead to autocrine stimulation, cell proliferation, and renal tumor development, similar to tumorigenesis of VHL disease-associated hemangioblastomas.

Topics: Blotting, Western; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Erythropoietin; Female; Gene Expression; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; Receptors, Erythropoietin; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Neoplasm; von Hippel-Lindau Disease

Although the majority of patients with end stage renal failure have anemia, some have relative erythrocytosis. Patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) having relative erythrocytosis were studied in order to determine the factors that would be responsible.. Nine out of 89 CAPD patients (10%) were identified as having relative erythrocytosis. Age-, sex- and duration of disease-matched eight patients undergoing CAPD were taken as control. Beside factors of etiologies of renal failure, smoking, renal cysts, viral hepatitides, residual renal function, the adequacy of CAPD, nutritional status, hypertension, serum levels of erythropoietin, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-, and IGF-1 levels were also investigated.. Relative erythrocytosis occurred most often in diabetic and amyloidosis patients. None of the parameters studied were found to be significantly different between groups. During 2-year follow-up, although statistically non-significant, patients having relative erythrocytosis seemed to have higher mortality rate due to vascular complications.. No single factor seemed to explain erythrocytosis in patients undergoing CAPD. Being diabetic or with amyloidosis may increase the risk.

Topics: Adult; Amyloidosis; Antigens, CD; Diabetes Complications; Erythropoietin; Female; Hepatitis, Viral, Human; Humans; Hypertension; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Interleukin-1; Interleukin-6; Kidney; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; Polycythemia; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; Risk Factors; Smoking

Cystic renal lymphangiectasia is an unusual cause of cystic renal disease in childhood. We present a case of bilateral cystic renal lymphangiectasia in a 7-year-old boy who presented with asymptomatic renal insufficiency and anemia with decreased erythropoietin production. The clinical features of this condition and the diagnostic approach are reviewed. Although rare, this disorder should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cystic renal disease.

Topics: Anemia; Biopsy; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Erythropoietin; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Lymphangiectasis; Male; Renal Insufficiency

To report a case of erythrocytosis in a patient with a hydronephrotic horseshoe kidney and normal erythropoietin values.. A hydronephrotic horseshoe kidney was discovered during evaluation to determine the etiology of the erythrocytosis in a 23-year-old male with normal erythropietin values. Blood parameters returned to normal following heminephrectomy. The hydronephrosis had been caused by stenois of the pyeloureteric junction.. Although erythropoietin values may be normal, hydronephrosis can cause secondary erythrocytosis.

Topics: Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Erythropoietin; Humans; Hydronephrosis; Kidney; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Male; Polycythemia; Polycythemia Vera; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The association between azotemic index dialyzer clearances and hematocrit was investigated in a 63-year-old dialysis-dependent man with acquired renal cysts. During 43 months of hemodialysis, hematocrit rose from 27.3 to 65.0 vol%, as a consequence of high serum erythropoietin levels. Concomitantly, dry weight also increased from 116.8 to 140.8 kg. Both hematocrit and dry weight correlated with: (a) urea reduction ratio, (b) creatinine reduction ratio (CRR), and (c) KT/V urea. All correlations were negative. Stepwise regression showed that only hematocrit was an independent correlate of the CRR (CRR = 0.662 - 007* Hct, R2 = 0.770); whereas, both hematocrit (Hct) and weight (W) were independent correlates of KT/V urea (KT/V = 2.070 - 0.005*Hct - 0.009*W,R2 = 0.721). In addition to creatinine clearance, urea clearance through the dialyzer is reduced by a rising hematocrit. The effect of hematocrit on urea clearance is relatively small. Therefore, it requires large changes in hematocrit in order to be detected.

Topics: Creatinine; Erythropoietin; Hematocrit; Humans; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Male; Middle Aged; Polycythemia; Regression Analysis; Renal Dialysis; Urea

Topics: Anemia; Erythropoiesis; Erythropoietin; Hemoglobins; Humans; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Renal Dialysis

Topics: Erythropoietin; Hemoglobins; Humans; Kidney Diseases, Cystic

Acquired cystic disease of the kidney (ACDK) in patients with end-stage renal failure can be associated with development of polycythaemia. The relationship between plasma erythropoietin levels and ACDK in 17 patients on long-term haemodialysis treatment was studied. There was a significantly higher level of plasma erythropoietin in patients with multiple renal cysts than in those patients with less than five cysts or no cysts. Haemoglobin tended to be higher in the ACDK group, but the difference was not significant. These results indicate that the development of renal cysts results in increased secretion of erythropoietin.

Topics: Erythrocyte Indices; Erythropoietin; Female; Humans; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Renal Dialysis

Topics: Adult; Budd-Chiari Syndrome; Dyspnea; Erythropoietin; Hepatomegaly; Humans; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Male; Polycythemia

A 43-year-old woman with a solitary renal cyst developed polycythaemia. 21 well documented cases of this type have been previously published. In the majority of them a causal connection could be assumed between the renal cyst and polycythaemia: in 13 of the 15 cases (as in the reported one), the polycythaemia disappeared after surgical removal of the cyst. Measurement of serum erythropoietin can help in the differential diagnosis, but exclusion of polycythaemia vera may be difficult in the individual case.

Topics: Adult; Blood Cell Count; Erythropoietin; Female; Hemoglobins; Humans; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Polycythemia

Seventeen of 20 (85%) patients on RDT for six to 13 years were found to have acquired renal cysts. There was a significant positive association between Hb and duration of RDT. The extent of cyst was positively and significantly correlated with the latest Hb and years on dialysis. There was also a significant positive correlation between size and years on dialysis only approached statistical significance. There was no correlation between kidney size and latest Hb. Complications in patients with acquired renal cysts appear to resemble those of familial polycystic disease with the added risk of neoplasia.

Topics: Adult; Erythropoietin; Female; Hemoglobins; Humans; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Renal Dialysis; Time Factors

Erythrocytosis was seen in two men during maintenance hemodialysis therapy for end-stage renal disease secondary to apparent chronic glomerulonephritis. Nonrenal causes of erythrocytosis such as polycythemia vera, chronic hypoxemia, high-oxygen affinity hemoglobin, and hepatoma were excluded by appropriate clinical studies. A computed tomographic scan of the abdomen showed numerous renal cysts in each patient consistent with acquired cystic disease of end-stage kidneys. Peripheral serum erythropoietin levels were elevated as measured by sensitive radioimmunoassay. The findings suggest that the erythrocytosis is caused by an erythropoietic mechanism related to the diseased kidneys. A review of the literature failed to show previous reports of this clinical association.

Topics: Erythropoietin; Glomerulonephritis; Hematocrit; Humans; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Male; Middle Aged; Polycythemia; Renal Dialysis; Time Factors

Topics: Erythropoietin; Humans; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Kidney Neoplasms; Polycystic Kidney Diseases

Topics: Adult; Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Bone Marrow; Endotoxins; Erythropoiesis; Erythropoietin; Female; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Iron; Kidney; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Middle Aged; Nephrectomy; Renal Dialysis; Time Factors; Transplantation, Homologous

Topics: Adult; Chronic Disease; Erythrocyte Count; Erythropoiesis; Erythropoietin; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Hemoglobins; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Middle Aged; Plasmapheresis; Pyelonephritis; Reticulocytes

Topics: Animals; Biopsy; Bloodletting; Culture Techniques; Diabetes Complications; Erythropoietin; Female; Humans; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Male; Mice; Middle Aged; Polycythemia Vera; Radiography

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Erythropoietin; Female; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Polycythemia; Radionuclide Imaging

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Androgens; Erythropoietin; Female; Humans; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Polycythemia

Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; Biological Assay; Electric Stimulation; Erythrocytes; Erythropoietin; Female; Haplorhini; Humans; Hypophysectomy; Hypothalamus; Hypoxia; Iron; Iron Isotopes; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms, Experimental; Polycythemia Vera; Rats; Wilms Tumor

Topics: Animals; Biological Assay; Culture Techniques; Drainage; Erythropoiesis; Erythropoietin; Humans; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Male; Mice; Middle Aged; Polycythemia

Topics: Erythropoietin; Humans; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Kidney Neoplasms; Kidney Transplantation; Polycythemia; Polycythemia Vera

Topics: Epoetin Alfa; Erythropoietin; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Polycythemia Vera; Urography

Topics: Blood Chemical Analysis; Cysts; Epoetin Alfa; Erythropoietin; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Kidney Neoplasms; Nephrectomy; Polycythemia; Urography

Topics: Alpha-Globulins; Anemia; Antibodies; Biological Assay; Blood; Cerebellar Neoplasms; Electrophoresis; Epoetin Alfa; Erythropoiesis; Erythropoietin; Exudates and Transudates; Hemangiosarcoma; Humans; Hypoxia; Immune Sera; Kidney; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Neuraminidase; Trypsin

Topics: Cysts; Epoetin Alfa; Erythropoietin; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Kidney Neoplasms; Polycythemia

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Aplastic; Cerebellar Neoplasms; Epoetin Alfa; Erythropoietin; Hemangiosarcoma; Kidney; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Radiation Effects; Radiation, Ionizing

Topics: Biological Assay; Epoetin Alfa; Erythrocytes; Erythropoiesis; Erythropoietin; Humans; Hydronephrosis; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Kidney Neoplasms; Physiology; Polycythemia