losartan-potassium and Hydronephrosis

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Blood Pressure; Cerebellar Neoplasms; Erythrocyte Count; Erythropoietin; Female; Humans; Hydronephrosis; Kidney; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Kidney Neoplasms; Leiomyoma; Leukocytes; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Pheochromocytoma; Polycythemia; Serum Globulins; Uterine Neoplasms

Topics: Animals; Catecholamines; Dogs; Electric Stimulation; Electrophysiology; Erythropoietin; Female; Humans; Hydronephrosis; Kidney; Kidney Pelvis; Nicotine; Opossums; Pregnancy; Pyelonephritis; Rats; Sheep; Stimulation, Chemical; Swine; Ureter; Ureteral Diseases; Ureteral Obstruction

Topics: Epoetin Alfa; Erythrocyte Count; Erythropoietin; Humans; Hydronephrosis; Physiology; Polycythemia; Renal Artery

Absolute polycythemia can be primary or secondary. Erythropoietin-producing diseases (for example, hypoxia) are the major cause of secondary polycythemia. There are reports of polycythemia secondary to hydronephrosis. However, to our knowledge, there is no report on polycythemia secondary to hydronephrosis due to a urinary stone. Herein, we present a case of polycythemia with an elevated erythropoietin level in a patient with a urinary stone and unilateral hydronephrosis.. A 57-year-old Japanese man presented with polycythemia and an elevated erythropoietin level. Erythropoietin accumulation was not due to erythropoietin secretion by a tumor as no obvious lesions were detected on contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a stone in the left urinary tract and renal hydronephrosis, and 2 weeks later, the patient underwent transurethral ureterolithotripsy without complications. Blood tests 2 weeks after transurethral ureterolithotripsy showed that the erythropoietin level had declined. Hemoglobin concentration decreased from 20.8 mg/dL before and immediately after transurethral ureterolithotripsy to 15.8 mg/dL 3 months after transurethral ureterolithotripsy. This case was diagnosed as erythropoietin elevation due to unilateral hydronephrosis with a urinary stone, resulting in polycythemia.. Hydronephrosis is a common disease but is not often associated with polycythemia. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism and implications of elevated erythropoietin production in hydronephrosis.

Topics: Epoetin Alfa; Erythropoietin; Humans; Hydronephrosis; Male; Middle Aged; Polycythemia; Urinary Calculi; Urolithiasis

Unilateral ureteral obstruction halts ureteral peristalsis, and may cause pain and lead to infection. Ureteral ability to recover after obstruction removal remains unclear. Erythropoietin has protective effects in nonhematopoietic organs and restores peristalsis in hypocontractile intestinal smooth muscle cells. We investigated the role of erythropoietin in ureteral smooth muscle function and its therapeutic value for unilateral ureteral obstruction.. Unilateral ureteral obstruction was created for 24, 48 and 72 hours in 22 mice per group using a nontraumatic microclip via laparotomy. We determined erythropoietin, erythropoietin receptor and β-common receptor expression in obstructed and unobstructed ureters by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Ten mice per group received 20 IU erythropoietin for 4 days and controls received saline. Hydronephrosis regression after obstruction removal was assessed by ultrasound. Peristalsis was determined microscopically before and after obstruction removal.. Erythropoietin, erythropoietin receptor and β-common receptor were expressed in the unobstructed and obstructed ureters of untreated mice. Erythropoietin mRNA was up-regulated in response to obstruction and erythropoietin expression was identified in ureteral smooth muscle. After obstruction removal hydronephrosis and ureteral dysfunction correlated with obstruction duration. Hydronephrosis resolution and ureteral peristalsis restoration were significantly accelerated in erythropoietin treated mice compared to controls.. Erythropoietin treatment significantly promoted functional recovery of the ureter after obstruction removal. Erythropoietin may be a helpful strategy for ureteral motility recovery and hydronephrosis resolution in ureteral obstruction.

Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Erythropoietin; Hydronephrosis; Male; Mice; Muscle, Smooth; Recovery of Function; Ureteral Obstruction; Urethra

Topics: Adult; Boronic Acids; Bortezomib; Erythropoietin; Female; Humans; Hydronephrosis; Lymphangiectasis; Male; Middle Aged; Paraproteinemias; Polycythemia; Protease Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Syndrome; Telangiectasis

Anemia is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and those who have received a kidney allograft. Anemia is most prevalent in kidney transplant recipients before and immediately after transplantation, but also can occur months after transplantation if the donor kidney begins to fail. Replacement therapy for CKD-related and posttransplantation anemia is effective through the administration of exogenous erythropoiesis-stimulating proteins. Darbepoetin alfa (Aranesp; Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA) is a unique erythropoiesis-stimulating protein that can be administered at an extended dosing interval relative to recombinant human erythropoietin because of its approximately 3-fold longer serum half-life. Although darbepoetin alfa has been shown to be an effective treatment for patients with anemia of CKD and anemia after kidney transplantation, limited data have been published showing efficacy in treating women with anemia of these conditions during pregnancy. We report a case of successful darbepoetin alfa treatment for severe anemia in a pregnant transplant recipient.

Topics: Adult; Anemia; Cesarean Section; Contraindications; Cyclosporine; Darbepoetin alfa; Erythropoietin; Female; Ferrous Compounds; Humans; Hydronephrosis; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Transplantation; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous; Postoperative Complications; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Pregnancy, High-Risk; Puerperal Disorders; Seizures; Sirolimus; Stents; Treatment Refusal

To report a case of erythrocytosis in a patient with a hydronephrotic horseshoe kidney and normal erythropoietin values.. A hydronephrotic horseshoe kidney was discovered during evaluation to determine the etiology of the erythrocytosis in a 23-year-old male with normal erythropietin values. Blood parameters returned to normal following heminephrectomy. The hydronephrosis had been caused by stenois of the pyeloureteric junction.. Although erythropoietin values may be normal, hydronephrosis can cause secondary erythrocytosis.

Topics: Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Erythropoietin; Humans; Hydronephrosis; Kidney; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Male; Polycythemia; Polycythemia Vera; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The erythropoietin (EPO) gene is activated in peritubular cells of the renal cortex in response to hypoxia and EPO is secreted into the circulation. Oxygen tension in the venous blood normally determine EPO elaboration, and, therefore, oxygen consumption in the kidney appears to be an essential part of the oxygen-sensing physiological mechanism. As renal oxygen consumption is closely linked to urine production, we have compared responsiveness of the EPO gene to diminished oxygen supply in the normal kidney with that of the hydronephrotic kidney, resulting from ureter ligation.. Erythropoietin mRNA was determined in RNA extracted from murine kidneys at various times up to 61 days after ureter ligation. Mice were exposed to hypoxia for 4 h before being killed.. Unilateral ureter ligation significantly decreased EPO mRNA levels in the affected kidney. However, the ability to increase EPO mRNA recovered between days 4 and 22, despite persisting ureter ligation.. Our results demonstrate a dissociation between the excretory functions of the kidney and EPO production. Moreover, they show an early but transient suppression of EPO gene responsiveness to hypoxia after ureter ligation.

Topics: Animals; Erythropoietin; Gene Expression Regulation; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); Hydronephrosis; Kidney; Ligation; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Oxygen Consumption; RNA, Messenger; Ureter

We studied serum concentrations of erythropoietin (EPO) in the cord blood of 31 newborns. In patients with renal agenesis (n = 6), the EPO levels were 68.2 (23-177) mU/ml (median, range). These values are clearly above EPO levels in the reference groups (median/range: < 30 weeks 11.0 (5.5-17.5) mU/ml; 30-32 weeks 18.1 (5.5-136) mU/ml; 33-34 weeks 17.7 (8.3-423) mU/ml; 35-37 weeks 17.3 (5.5-272) mU/ml; > or = 38 weeks 17.8 (8.7-40.3) mU/ml). Neonates with polycystic kidney diseases (n = 12, EPO 23.5 (9.7-491) mU/ml) and with severe bilateral hydronephrosis due to obstructive uropathy (n = 13, 18.6 (7.5-30.7) mU/ml) showed no difference to the reference groups. In all groups there were only slight differences in haemoglobin/haematocrit values.. In spite of renal agenesis and severe congenital kidney diseases, erythropoiesis is sufficiently maintained during fetal life. The liver of congenitally kidney-damaged fetuses is sufficiently able to compensate the reduction in--or lack of--renal EPO production.

Topics: Erythropoiesis; Erythropoietin; Female; Hematocrit; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Hydronephrosis; Infant, Newborn; Kidney; Male; Polycystic Kidney Diseases; Reference Values

A 33-year-old man with dystrophia myotonica presented with erythrocytosis and an increased plasma erythropoietin concentration. Investigations showed a horseshoe kidney, one moiety of which was grossly hydronephrotic. Fluid aspirated from the latter had a similar erythropoietin concentration to that in plasma. Following partial nephrectomy, the hematocrit and plasma erythropoietin concentration returned to normal.

Topics: Adult; Erythropoietin; Humans; Hydronephrosis; Kidney; Male; Nephrectomy; Polycythemia

Topics: Aged; Anemia; Erythropoietin; Female; Humans; Hydronephrosis; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction

The role of the kidney tubules in the renal formation of erythropoietin is incompletely understood. Therefore, the capability to produce erythropoietin in response to hypoxia was studied in rats with tubular lesions. Nephron damage was induced in two different ways. First, rats were treated with the nephrotoxic aminoglycoside gentamicin (67.5 mg/kg and day) for 14 days. The animals were then subjected to simulated altitude (6,800 m) for 6 h. The resulting plasma erythropoietin concentration was significantly lower (0.5 IU/ml) than in saline treated control rats exposed to hypoxia (1.0 IU/ml). Second, unilateral hydronephrosis was induced by ureteral ligation. The contralateral kidney was removed immediately before the animals were exposed to simulated altitude for 6 h. The plasma erythropoietin concentration in the ureter-ligated rats did not increase above the value (0.3 IU/ml) in hypoxia exposed anephric rats. These results indicate that the production of erythropoietin is reduced following tubular injury. Tubule cells may directly produce the hormone or interfere with the O2-sensing mechanisms controlling its synthesis. The latter hypothesis would seem to be supported by our failure to demonstrate in vitro erythropoietin production by the two established kidney tubule cell lines, LLC-PK1 and PK-15.

Topics: Altitude; Animals; Cell Line; Erythropoietin; Gentamicins; Hydronephrosis; Hypoxia; Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute; Kidney Tubules; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains

Polycythemia is consistently produced in animals undergoing experimental hydronephrosis. This hematologic response is thought to be mediated by a microcirculatory insult and a more accelerated elaboration of erythropoietin by the hydronephrotic kidney. While an association between hydronephrosis and polycythemia has been reported in humans, it is a relatively rare event. Further studies are necessary to explain why this should be so, as well as to confirm that the polycythemia in humans is secondary to an increased production of erythropoietin.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; Erythropoiesis; Erythropoietin; Humans; Hydronephrosis; Kidney; Macaca mulatta; Male; Middle Aged; Polycythemia; Pressure; Rabbits

Topics: Animals; Erythropoietin; Humans; Hydronephrosis; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Nephrectomy; Polycythemia; Renin

Topics: Animals; Aspirin; Erythropoietin; Hydronephrosis; Hypoxia; Kidney; Male; Prostaglandins; Rats

Spontaneously flowing fistulae were established in the efferent lymphatics of popliteal, prescapular and prefemoral nodes and lumbar trunk or in the afferent lymphatics draining the kidney and liver of sheep. Lymph was collected from these sites over various time intervals and assayed for erythropoietin (Ep) content. The objective of the study was to establish the anatomic site(s) of Ep production. Normal lymph did not contain detectable titers of Ep, nor did renal lymph or blood plasma from a sheep systematically treated with cobaltous chloride. Renal lymph did contain measurable levels of Ep following renal artery constriction, unilateral hydronephrosis or phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anemia. Phenylhydrazine treatment also produced elevated Ep levels in lymph from the liver but not in lymph efferent from either popliteal or prescapular nodes. These results indicate that Ep is generated primarily in the kidney and that the liver may be an extrarenal source of the hormone. The surgical techniques used in this study offer distinct advantages in examining the composition and physiology of lymph in sheep.

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Animals; Cobalt; Erythropoietin; Female; Hydronephrosis; Kidney; Liver; Lymph; Mice; Phenylhydrazines; Renal Artery Obstruction; Sheep

2 cases of secondary polycythaemia apparently caused by hydronephrosis are described. The polycythaemia resolved following nephrectomy in each case.

Topics: Adult; Erythropoietin; Humans; Hydronephrosis; Middle Aged; Nephrectomy; Polycythemia

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Erythropoietin; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Hydronephrosis; Hypercalcemia; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Parathyroid Hormone; Polycythemia

Topics: Animals; Erythropoiesis; Erythropoietin; Hematocrit; Hemoglobinometry; Hydronephrosis; Ischemia; Kidney Diseases; Male; Rabbits; Renal Artery Obstruction

Topics: Anemia, Aplastic; Animals; Ascites; Blood Transfusion; Chronic Disease; Erythropoietin; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Hydronephrosis; Immune Sera; Iron Isotopes; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Mice; Phenacetin; Pyelonephritis; Renal Dialysis; Uremia

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Brain Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Dogs; Electric Stimulation; Erythropoiesis; Erythropoietin; Ethacrynic Acid; Haplorhini; Humans; Hydronephrosis; Hypertension; Hypothalamus; Infant; Iron Isotopes; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Mice; Middle Aged; Polycythemia Vera; Rats; Testicular Neoplasms; Testosterone; Urinary Calculi; Urologic Diseases; Wilms Tumor; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Anemia; Animals; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Dogs; Erythropoiesis; Erythropoietin; Female; Humans; Hydronephrosis; Hypoxia; Iron Isotopes; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kidney Neoplasms; Kidney Transplantation; Mice; Nephrectomy; Peritoneal Dialysis; Polycythemia; Rabbits; Testosterone; Transplantation, Homologous; Uremia

Topics: Angiography; Animals; Biological Assay; Blood Cell Count; Blood Pressure Determination; Bone Marrow Examination; Erythropoiesis; Erythropoietin; Hematocrit; Hemoglobinometry; Histocytochemistry; Hydronephrosis; Juxtaglomerular Apparatus; Kidney; Male; Rabbits; Reticulocytes

Topics: Animals; Erythropoietin; Female; Hematocrit; Hemorrhage; Hydronephrosis; Hypotension; Iron Isotopes; Kidney Diseases; Male; Primates; Renal Artery Obstruction; Uremia

Topics: Animals; Blood Chemical Analysis; Epoetin Alfa; Erythropoietin; Haplorhini; Hematologic Tests; Humans; Hydronephrosis; Macaca mulatta; Nephrectomy; Pathology; Polycythemia; Replantation; Research; Ureter; Ureteral Obstruction

Topics: Animals; Blood Volume; Epoetin Alfa; Erythrocyte Count; Erythropoietin; Hemoglobinometry; Hydronephrosis; Kidney Diseases; Physiology; Polycythemia; Rabbits; Renal Artery Obstruction; Renal Veins; Research

Topics: Biological Assay; Epoetin Alfa; Erythrocytes; Erythropoiesis; Erythropoietin; Humans; Hydronephrosis; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Kidney Neoplasms; Physiology; Polycythemia

Topics: Epoetin Alfa; Erythrocyte Count; Erythropoietin; Humans; Hydronephrosis; Hypertension; Kidney; Nephrectomy; Polycystic Kidney Diseases; Polycythemia

Topics: Epoetin Alfa; Erythropoietin; Humans; Hydronephrosis; Kidney Diseases; Plasma; Polycystic Kidney Diseases; Polycythemia