losartan-potassium and Endocrine-System-Diseases

Heart failure (HF) remains a leading cause of morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality worldwide. Advancement of mechanical circulatory support technology has led to the use of continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (LVADs), reducing hospitalizations, and improving quality of life and outcomes in advanced HF. Recent studies have highlighted how metabolic and endocrine dysfunction may be a consequence of, or associated with, HF, and may represent a novel (still neglected) therapeutic target in the treatment of HF. On the other hand, it is not clear whether LVAD support, may impact the outcome by also improving organ perfusion as well as improving the neuro-hormonal state of the patients, reducing the endocrine dysfunction. Moreover, endocrine function is likely a major determinant of human homeostasis, and is a key issue in the recovery from critical illness. Care of the endocrine function may contribute to improving cardiac contractility, immune function, as well as infection control, and rehabilitation during and after a LVAD placement. In this review, data on endocrine challenges in patients carrying an LVAD are gathered to highlight pathophysiological states relevant to this setting of patients, and to summarize the current therapeutic suggestions in the treatment of thyroid dysfunction, and vitamin D, erythropoietin and testosterone administration.

Topics: Cardiac Rehabilitation; Endocrine System Diseases; Erythropoietin; Heart Failure; Heart-Assist Devices; Humans; Testosterone; Thyroid Diseases; Vitamin D

Salivary glands are classical exocrine glands whose external secretions result in the production of saliva. However, in addition to the secretion of exocrine proteins, salivary epithelial cells are also capable of secreting proteins internally, into the bloodstream. This brief review examines the potential for using salivary epithelial cells as a target site for in situ gene transfer, with an ultimate goal of producing therapeutic proteins for treating both systemic and upper gastrointestinal tract disorders. The review discusses the protein secretory pathways reported to be present in salivary epithelial cells, the viral gene transfer vectors shown useful for transducing these cells, model transgenic secretory proteins examined, and some clinical conditions that might benefit from such salivary gland gene transfer.

Topics: Animals; Endocrine System Diseases; Epithelial Cells; Erythropoietin; Gene Transfer Techniques; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Growth Hormone; Humans; Parathyroid Hormone; Salivary Glands; Secretory Pathway; Upper Gastrointestinal Tract; Viruses

The incidence, etiology, impact, and considerations in developing guidelines for treating anemia in patients with cancer are described.. Anemia is common in patients with cancer. The incidence and severity of anemia depend on the type and extent of the malignancy; the type, schedule, and intensity of cancer therapy; and patient age, gender, and comorbid conditions. Anemia may be the result of the malignancy itself, cancer treatment, blood losses, nutritional deficiencies, hemolysis, endocrine disorders, or inflammatory cytokines associated with chronic disease. Anemia can have a profound impact on physical and psychosocial function and quality of life. Guidelines and protocols for treating anemia should be evidence-based and take into consideration patient age, the type and extent of malignancy, comorbid conditions, and the etiology and impact of anemia. Patient-specific issues that guidelines should address include strategies for identifying patients with anemia, treating anemia, evaluating the response to treatment, and modifying treatment based on response. Erythropoietic agents are preferred over blood transfusions for patients whose anemia is chronic, although transfusions are indicated for acute, severe blood losses. Iron supplementation often is required in patients receiving erythropoietic therapy or with iron deficiency due to hemorrhage.. The use of evidence-based guidelines and protocols that take into consideration the heterogeneity of patients with cancer can optimize anemia treatment.

Topics: Anemia; Blood Transfusion; Clinical Protocols; Comorbidity; Endocrine System Diseases; Erythropoietin; Humans; Incidence; Neoplasms; Practice Guidelines as Topic

Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases; Erythropoietin; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Natriuretic Agents; Renin-Angiotensin System; Risk; Vitamin D

Topics: Aldosterone; Calcitriol; Endocrine System Diseases; Erythropoietin; Hormones; Human Growth Hormone; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Leptin; Parathyroid Hormone

By definition, idiopathic erythrocytosis (IE) applies to a group of patients characterised by having a measured RCM above their predicted normal range (an absolute erythrocytosis) and following investigation do not have a form of primary or secondary erythrocytosis. Patients with IE are heterogenous. The possibilities include physiological variation, 'early' polycythaemia vera (10-15% develop clear features of PV over a few years), unrecognized congenital erythrocytosis, unrecognized or unrecognizable secondary acquired erythrocytosis or a currently undescribed form of primary or secondary erythrocytosis. Patients are more commonly male with a median age at presentation of 55-60 years. Approximately half of the patients present with vascular occlusive complications. Retrospective evidence indicates that vascular occlusion occurs less frequently when the PCV is controlled at normal levels. Venesection is the treatment of choice to lower the PCV. As a general approach to management, all patients with a PCV above 0.54 should be venesected to a PCV less than 0.45. This target PCV should also apply to patients with lesser degrees of raised PCV who have additional other risk factors for vascular occlusion.

Topics: Aged; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Bone Marrow; Chlorambucil; Diagnosis, Differential; Endocrine System Diseases; Erythrocyte Volume; Erythroid Precursor Cells; Erythropoietin; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Hypoxia; Kidney Diseases; Leukemia; Leukemia, Radiation-Induced; Middle Aged; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Polycythemia; Polycythemia Vera; Receptors, Erythropoietin; Sequence Deletion; Smoking; Stroke

Data presented in this study suggest existence of hyperendorphinism in uraemic patients. This hyperendorphinism may be regarded both as a primary beneficial compensatory mechanism counteracting disturbances of the internal environment, while causing secondary harmful side effects, which contribute to the uraemic state. Erythropoietin treatment of uraemic, haemodialyzed patients is followed by marked endocrine alterations (suppression of plasma levels of STH, ACTH, prolactin, glucagon, aldosterone, cortisol and plasma renin activity, elevation of plasma insulin and atrial natriuretic levels, lack of influence on plasma PTH, CT and AVP). It remains to be clarified whether the erythropoietin induced endocrine alterations are due to correction of the existing anaemia or reflect a specific effect of this hormone.

Topics: Endocrine System Diseases; Erythropoietin; Hormones; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Receptors, Opioid; Renal Dialysis

Topics: Adolescent; Adrenocortical Hyperfunction; Adult; Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Animals; Dwarfism, Pituitary; Endocrine System Diseases; Erythropoiesis; Erythropoietin; Female; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Hypopituitarism; Male; Mice; Pituitary Diseases; Polycythemia; Rabbits; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Endocrine System Diseases; Erythropoietin; Gynecomastia; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hyperthyroidism; Hypoglycemia; Hyponatremia; Insulin; Luteinizing Hormone; Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones; Neoplasms; Parathyroid Hormone; Polycythemia; Puberty, Precocious; Thyrotropin; Vasopressins

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Calcitonin; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Endocrine System Diseases; Erythropoietin; Gastrins; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Insulin; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasms; Serotonin; Thyrotropin; Vasopressins

Topics: Anemia; Bone Density; Endocrine System Diseases; Erythropoietin; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Prognosis

Erythropoietin (EPO) is an oxygenregulated hormone promoting the differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells. Apart fromhypoxia, few data is available about release by secretagogues including hormones.. To investigate EPO serum concentration in subjects with endocrine diseases.. A retrospective study evaluating serumEPO concentrations in serumleftovers fromsubjects with various endocrine disorders.. EPO is not noticeably influenced by thyroid hormone or cortisol concentrations and the relationship with hemoglobin concentration is preserved. In acromegalic patients, the latter is lost but EPO is neither statistically influenced by GH/IGF-I. This may reflect a dual action of GH and/or IGF-I on erythroid progenitors proliferation as well as on EPO synthesis.. EPO is not noticeably modified by endocrine disorders although GH and or IGF-I may alter EPO relationship with blood hemoglobin concentration.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Endocrine System Diseases; Erythropoietin; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hemoglobins; Hormones; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult

Endocrine abnormalities in patients with chronic renal failure are well documented. The present study aimed to assess the influence of long-term erythropoietin (EPO) therapy on endocrine abnormalities in hemodialyzed patients. Two groups of hemodialyzed patients, each of which comprised 17 subjects, were examined. The first group was treated by EPO (EPO group) while the second one did not receive this hormone (No-EPO group). A complete biochemical and hormonal check-up was performed before and at the 3, 6, 9, and 12 month points of the study period. Normal values for the estimated parameters were obtained in appropriately selected sex- and age-matched healthy subjects. After EPO therapy, an increase of the hematocrit value from 21.8 +/- 0.9 to 32.6 +/- 0.9% was observed, which was accompanied by a significant decline of plasma ferritin and saturation of transferrin. In patients of the No-EPO group, a significant although less marked rise of the hematocrit value (21.4 +/- 0.4 to 24.2 +/- 0.6%) was also noticed. EPO therapy did not change plasma levels of electrolytes (Na, K, Ca, inorganic phosphate), osteocalcin, creatinine, glucose, and alkaline phosphatase as well as plasma concentrations of calcium-related hormones (PTH, calcitonin, 1,25[OH]2D3), vasopressin, and triiodothyronine. EPO treatment induced a significant decrease in somatotropin, prolactin, follitropin, lutropin, ACTH, cortisol, plasma renin activity, aldosterone, noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, and gastrin plasma levels and an increase in plasma insulin, estradiol, testosterone, atrial natriuretic peptide, thyrotropin, and thyroxine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Case-Control Studies; Catecholamines; Endocrine Glands; Endocrine System Diseases; Erythropoietin; Female; Ferritins; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Growth Hormone; Hematocrit; Humans; Iron; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Pituitary Gland; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Prolactin; Renal Dialysis; Testis; Thyroid Gland; Transferrin

Topics: Androgens; Endocrine System Diseases; Erythropoietin; Heart Defects, Congenital; Humans; Hypoventilation; Kidney Transplantation; Lung Diseases; Neoplasms; Polycythemia; Smoking

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anemia; Colony-Stimulating Factors; Endocrine System Diseases; Erythropoietin; Female; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; Humans; Infections; Liver Diseases; Male; Neoplasms; Rheumatic Diseases

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Aldosterone; Angiotensins; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Catecholamines; Endocrine System Diseases; Erythropoietin; Female; Gastrins; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Renal Dialysis; Renin; Thyroid Gland; Uremia; Vasopressins

Topics: Endocrine System Diseases; Erythropoietin; Humans; Hypoxia; Kidney Diseases; Neoplasms; Polycythemia