lomustine and Astrocytoma, Grade IV studies

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Here, we explored the incidence, and the consequences for treatment exposure and survival, of thrombocytopenia induced by lomustine in recurrent glioblastoma."	9.69	Thrombocytopenia limits the feasibility of salvage lomustine chemotherapy in recurrent glioblastoma: a secondary analysis of EORTC 26101. ( Brandes, AA; Clement, PM; Golfinopoulos, V; Gorlia, T; Idbaih, A; Le Rhun, E; Oppong, FB; Platten, M; Preusser, M; Taphoorn, MJ; van den Bent, M; Weller, M; Wick, W, 2023)
"The REGOMA trial showed that regorafenib significantly improved overall survival in patients with recurrent glioblastoma compared with lomustine."	9.41	Patient-reported outcomes in a phase II randomised study of regorafenib compared with lomustine in patients with relapsed glioblastoma (the REGOMA trial). ( Bergo, E; Brandes, AA; Caccesse, M; Daniele, B; De Salvo, GL; Del Bianco, P; Eoli, M; Ibrahim, T; Lolli, I; Lombardi, G; Magni, G; Pace, A; Pasqualetti, F; Rizzato, S; Rudà, R; Zagonel, V, 2021)
" We investigated Depatux-M in combination with temozolomide or as a single agent in a randomized controlled phase II trial in recurrent EGFR amplified glioblastoma."	9.34	INTELLANCE 2/EORTC 1410 randomized phase II study of Depatux-M alone and with temozolomide vs temozolomide or lomustine in recurrent EGFR amplified glioblastoma. ( Ansell, P; Brilhante, J; Chinot, O; Clement, PM; Coens, C; De Vos, F; Dey, J; Dubbink, HJ; Eoli, M; Franceschi, E; French, P; Frenel, JS; Golfinopoulos, V; Gorlia, T; Krause, S; Looman, J; Nuyens, S; Sanghera, P; Sepulveda, JM; Smits, M; Spruyt, M; Van Den Bent, M; Walenkamp, A; Weller, M; Whenham, N, 2020)
"Despite somewhat prolonged progression-free survival, treatment with lomustine plus bevacizumab did not confer a survival advantage over treatment with lomustine alone in patients with progressive glioblastoma."	9.24	Lomustine and Bevacizumab in Progressive Glioblastoma. ( Bendszus, M; Brandes, AA; Bromberg, JC; Campone, M; Clement, PM; Domont, J; Dubois, F; Fabbro, M; Golfinopoulos, V; Gorlia, T; Harting, I; Idbaih, A; Klein, M; Le Rhun, E; Platten, M; Sahm, F; Stupp, R; Taal, W; Taphoorn, M; van den Bent, MJ; von Deimling, A; Weller, M; Wick, W, 2017)
"The combination of galunisertib, a transforming growth factor (TGF)-β receptor (R)1 kinase inhibitor, and lomustine was found to have antitumor activity in murine models of glioblastoma."	9.22	A Phase II randomized study of galunisertib monotherapy or galunisertib plus lomustine compared with lomustine monotherapy in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. ( Brandes, AA; Capper, D; Carpentier, AF; Cher, L; Chinot, O; Cleverly, A; Desaiah, D; Guba, SC; Gueorguieva, I; Kesari, S; Lahn, MM; Miles, C; Rodon, J; Sepulveda-Sanchez, JM; Smith, C; Specenier, P; Steinbach, JP; Wheeler, HR; Wick, W, 2016)
"We conducted a randomized, non-comparative, multi center, phase II clinical trial in order to investigate the efficacy of axitinib, an oral small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor with high affinity and specificity for the vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, in patients with recurrent glioblastoma following prior treatment with radiation and temozolomide."	9.22	Randomized phase II study of axitinib versus physicians best alternative choice of therapy in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. ( Bouttens, F; D'Haene, N; Du Four, S; Duerinck, J; Everaert, H; Le Mercier, M; Michotte, A; Neyns, B; Salmon, I; Van Binst, AM; Vandervorst, F; Verschaeve, V, 2016)
" This trial evaluated the efficacy of low dose bevacizumab in combination with lomustine (CCNU) compared to standard dose bevacizumab in patients with recurrent glioblastoma."	9.22	A randomized phase II trial of standard dose bevacizumab versus low dose bevacizumab plus lomustine (CCNU) in adults with recurrent glioblastoma. ( Colen, RR; Conrad, CA; de Groot, JF; Gilbert, MR; Han, X; Liu, DD; Loghin, ME; O'Brien, BJ; Penas-Prado, M; Puduvalli, VK; Tremont-Lukats, I; Weathers, SP; Yung, WKA, 2016)
"In this side study of the BELOB trial, 141 patients with recurrent glioblastoma were randomised to receive single-agent bevacizumab or lomustine, or bevacizumab plus lomustine."	9.20	Prognostic value and kinetics of circulating endothelial cells in patients with recurrent glioblastoma randomised to bevacizumab plus lomustine, bevacizumab single agent or lomustine single agent. A report from the Dutch Neuro-Oncology Group BELOB trial. ( Beerepoot, L; Beije, N; de Vos, FY; Gratama, JW; Hanse, M; Kraan, J; Oosterkamp, HM; Otten, A; Sleijfer, S; Taal, W; van den Bent, MJ; van der Holt, B; van Linde, ME; Vernhout, RM; Walenkamp, AM, 2015)
" Adult patients (≥18 years of age) with a first recurrence of a glioblastoma after temozolomide chemoradiotherapy were randomly allocated by a web-based program to treatment with oral lomustine 110 mg/m(2) once every 6 weeks, intravenous bevacizumab 10 mg/kg once every 2 weeks, or combination treatment with lomustine 110 mg/m(2) every 6 weeks and bevacizumab 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks."	9.19	Single-agent bevacizumab or lomustine versus a combination of bevacizumab plus lomustine in patients with recurrent glioblastoma (BELOB trial): a randomised controlled phase 2 trial. ( Beerepoot, LV; Boerman, D; Brandsma, D; Bromberg, JE; Buter, J; de Vos, FY; Dinjens, WN; Dubbink, HJ; Enting, RH; Hanse, MC; Honkoop, AH; Jansen, RL; Oosterkamp, HM; Taal, W; Taphoorn, MJ; van den Bent, MJ; van den Berkmortel, FW; van der Holt, B; van Heuvel, I; Vernhout, RM; Walenkamp, AM, 2014)
"A randomized, phase III, placebo-controlled, partially blinded clinical trial (REGAL [Recent in in Glioblastoma Alone and With Lomustine]) was conducted to determine the efficacy of cediranib, an oral pan-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, either as monotherapy or in combination with lomustine versus lomustine in patients with recurrent glioblastoma."	9.17	Phase III randomized trial comparing the efficacy of cediranib as monotherapy, and in combination with lomustine, versus lomustine alone in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. ( Ashby, LS; Batchelor, TT; Campone, M; Cher, L; Degroot, J; Gattamaneni, R; Jain, RK; Jürgensmeier, JM; Liu, Q; Mason, W; Mikkelsen, T; Mulholland, P; Nabors, LB; Neyns, B; Payer, F; Phuphanich, S; Rosenthal, M; Sorensen, AG; van den Bent, M; Wick, A; Xu, J, 2013)
"This phase III open-label study compared the efficacy and safety of enzastaurin versus lomustine in patients with recurrent glioblastoma (WHO grade 4)."	9.14	Phase III study of enzastaurin compared with lomustine in the treatment of recurrent intracranial glioblastoma. ( Carpentier, AF; Chamberlain, MC; Cher, LM; Fine, HA; Hong, S; Liepa, AM; Mason, W; Musib, L; Puduvalli, VK; Thornton, DE; van den Bent, MJ; Weller, M; Wick, W, 2010)
"To evaluate toxicity and efficacy of the combination of lomustine, temozolomide (TMZ) and involved-field radiotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM)."	9.12	Phase II trial of lomustine plus temozolomide chemotherapy in addition to radiotherapy in newly diagnosed glioblastoma: UKT-03. ( Bamberg, M; Blaschke, B; Herrlinger, U; Hundsberger, T; Koch, D; Kortmann, RD; Loeser, S; Meyermann, R; Reifenberger, G; Rieger, J; Sommer, C; Steinbach, JP; Tan, TC; Weller, M; Wick, W, 2006)
"To conduct a Phase II study to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of high-dose 5'-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and accelerated radiotherapy followed by procarbazine, lomustine (CCNU), and vincristine (PCV) chemotherapy in patients with glioblastoma multiforme."	9.09	A phase II trial of high-dose bromodeoxyuridine with accelerated fractionation radiotherapy followed by procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine for glioblastoma multiforme. ( Bruner, JM; Groves, MD; Hess, K; Jaeckle, KA; Kyritsis, AP; Levin, VA; Maor, MH; Meyers, C; Peterson, P; Sawaya, RE; Yung, WK, 1999)
"Although the efficacy of the nitrosourea-based combination chemotherapy procarbazine, N-(2-chloroethyl)-N'-cyclohexyl-N-nitrosurea, and vincristine (PCV) has been previously demonstrated in the setting of anaplastic/intermediate-grade gliomas, the benefit for glioblastoma patients remains unproven."	9.09	Phase III randomized study of postradiotherapy chemotherapy with alpha-difluoromethylornithine-procarbazine, N-(2-chloroethyl)-N'-cyclohexyl-N-nitrosurea, vincristine (DFMO-PCV) versus PCV for glioblastoma multiforme. ( Bruner, JM; Chang, SM; Choucair, A; Flynn, PJ; Gleason, MJ; Hess, KR; Jaeckle, KA; Kyritsis, AP; Levin, VA; Prados, MD; Uhm, JH, 2000)
"After surgery, patients aged < or = 70 years, with World Health Organization grade 3 or 4 astrocytoma, were randomized to radiotherapy alone (RT) or RT plus procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine (PCV) chemotherapy (RT-PCV) given at 6-week intervals to a maximum of 12 courses (procarbazine 100 mg/m2 days 1 to 10, lomustine 100 mg/m2 day 1, and vincristine 1."	9.09	Randomized trial of procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine in the adjuvant treatment of high-grade astrocytoma: a Medical Research Council trial. ( , 2001)
"To conduct a Phase II one-arm study to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of accelerated fractionated radiotherapy combined with intravenous carboplatin for patients with previously untreated glioblastoma multiforme tumors."	9.08	Phase II study of accelerated fractionation radiation therapy with carboplatin followed by vincristine chemotherapy for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. ( Bruner, J; Kyritsis, AP; Leeds, N; Levin, VA; Maor, MH; Rodriguez, L; Sawaya, R; Thall, PF; Woo, S; Yung, WK, 1995)
"There is no benefit to the treatment of high-grade astrocytomas in children with eight-drugs-in-1-day chemotherapy compared with CCNU, vincristine, and prednisone."	9.08	Randomized phase III trial in childhood high-grade astrocytoma comparing vincristine, lomustine, and prednisone with the eight-drugs-in-1-day regimen. Childrens Cancer Group. ( Bertolone, SJ; Boyett, JM; Cherlow, JM; Finlay, JL; Geyer, JR; McGuire, P; Milstein, JM; Tefft, M; Wisoff, JH; Yates, AJ, 1995)
"In a study activated in 1983 and closed in 1987, the Brain Tumor Research Center of the University of California and the Northern California Cancer Center evaluated the effect of bromodeoxyuridine in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme."	9.07	Evaluation of bromodeoxyuridine in glioblastoma multiforme: a Northern California Cancer Center Phase II study. ( Ahn, DK; Davis, RL; Flam, MS; Gutin, PH; Levin, VA; Phillips, TL; Prados, MD; Wara, WM; Wilson, CB, 1991)
" The protocol called for a randomized trial that compared the effects of following 60 Gy radiation/oral hydroxyurea treatment with either carmustine (BCNU) or the combination of procarbazine, lomustine (CCNU), and vincristine (PCV) for two histologic strata: glioblastoma multiforme and other anaplastic gliomas."	9.06	Superiority of post-radiotherapy adjuvant chemotherapy with CCNU, procarbazine, and vincristine (PCV) over BCNU for anaplastic gliomas: NCOG 6G61 final report. ( Davis, RL; Gutin, PH; Hannigan, J; Levin, VA; Silver, P; Wara, WM; Wilson, CB, 1990)
"The authors report the results of a randomized study conducted to evaluate the relative benefit of treatment with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) or the combination of procarbazine, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea, and vincristine (PCV) administered after radiation therapy with hydroxyurea to 76 evaluable patients with glioblastoma multiforme and 72 patients with other anaplastic gliomas."	9.05	Phase III comparison of BCNU and the combination of procarbazine, CCNU, and vincristine administered after radiotherapy with hydroxyurea for malignant gliomas. ( Davis, RL; Gutin, PH; Levin, VA; Nutik, S; Resser, KJ; Vestnys, P; Wara, WM; Wilson, CB; Yatsko, K, 1985)
" TTFields therapy is approved for treatment of newly-diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) concurrent with maintenance temozolomide (TMZ)."	8.31	Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) increase the effectiveness of temozolomide and lomustine in glioblastoma cell lines. ( Dor-On, E; Fishman, H; Giladi, M; Haber, A; Kinzel, A; Monin, R; Palti, Y; Weinberg, U, 2023)
"A first-line therapeutic for high-grade glioma, notably glioblastoma (GBM), is the DNA methylating drug temozolomide (TMZ)."	8.12	Abrogation of Cellular Senescence Induced by Temozolomide in Glioblastoma Cells: Search for Senolytics. ( Beltzig, L; Christmann, M; Kaina, B, 2022)
"Glioblastomas (GBM) often acquire resistance against temozolomide (TMZ) after continuous treatment and recur as TMZ-resistant GBM (TMZ-R-GBM)."	8.02	Lomustine and nimustine exert efficient antitumor effects against glioblastoma models with acquired temozolomide resistance. ( Fujii, T; Ichimura, K; Kawauchi, D; Kobayashi, T; Kondo, A; Nakano, T; Narita, Y; Sasaki, N; Satomi, K; Takahashi, M; Tomiyama, A; Uchida, E; Wada, K; Yamamuro, S; Yoshino, A, 2021)
"In the EF-14 trial for newly diagnosed glioblastoma (ndGBM) patients addition of Tumour Treating Fields (TTFields) to temozolomide treatment resulted in a significantly improved overall survival (OS)."	7.96	Tumour Treating Fields (TTFields) in combination with lomustine and temozolomide in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. ( Blau, T; Deuschl, C; Glas, M; Herrlinger, U; Kebir, S; Keyvani, K; Kleinschnitz, C; Lazaridis, L; Oster, C; Pierscianek, D; Schäfer, N; Scheffler, B; Schmidt, T; Stuschke, M; Sure, U; Teuber-Hanselmann, S; Tzaridis, T; Weller, J, 2020)
"Taken together, these data suggest a potential role for a combination therapy of lomustine and DHA for the treatment of glioblastomas."	7.81	Enhanced anticancer properties of lomustine in conjunction with docosahexaenoic acid in glioblastoma cell lines. ( Cohen-Gadol, AA; Harvey, KA; Pollok, K; Saaddatzadeh, MR; Siddiqui, RA; Wang, H; Xu, Z, 2015)
"In this retrospective study, we identified adult patients with histologically confirmed glioblastoma (WHO grade IV) who were treated with lomustine or carmustine in combination with bevacizumab as a second or third regimen after failing an alternative initial bevacizumab-containing regimen."	7.80	Retrospective study of carmustine or lomustine with bevacizumab in recurrent glioblastoma patients who have failed prior bevacizumab. ( Alexander, BM; Beroukhim, R; Doherty, L; Hempfling, K; Huang, RY; LaFrankie, D; Lee, EQ; Nayak, L; Norden, AD; Rahman, R; Rai, A; Reardon, DA; Rifenburg, J; Rinne, ML; Ruland, S; Wen, PY, 2014)
"To evaluate long-term survival in a prospective series of patients newly diagnosed with glioblastoma and treated with a combination of lomustine (CCNU), temozolomide (TMZ), and radiotherapy."	7.75	Long-term survival of patients with glioblastoma treated with radiotherapy and lomustine plus temozolomide. ( Bähr, O; Glas, M; Happold, C; Herrlinger, U; Kortmann, RD; Reifenberger, G; Rieger, J; Steinbach, JP; Weller, M; Wick, W; Wiewrodt, D, 2009)
"We have reported that carmustine (BCNU) and cisplatin administered before, during, and after radiotherapy did not improve the survival of patients with high-grade astrocytomas and were associated with more serious toxicities than radiotherapy plus BCNU."	7.73	Combination chemotherapy with carmustine and cisplatin followed by procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine for adult high-grade astrocytoma. ( Jung, SM; Liau, CT; Tseng, CK; Wei, KC, 2005)
"Our results indicate that chemotherapy with a combination of 6-thioguanine, procarbazine, lomustine, and hydroxyurea is active for patients with recurrent anaplastic gliomas and glioblastomas not previously treated with nitrosourea-based chemotherapy but is inactive for patients with glioblastomas previously treated with chemotherapy."	7.69	Combination of 6-thioguanine, procarbazine, lomustine, and hydroxyurea for patients with recurrent malignant gliomas. ( Bruner, J; Flowers, A; Gleason, MJ; Ictech, SE; Jaeckle, KA; Kyritsis, AP; Levin, VA; Yung, WK, 1996)
"Twenty-eight evaluable children with the diagnosis of brain stem glioma were treated with 5-fluorouracil and CCNU before posterior fossa irradiation (5500 rads); during irradiation, the children received hydroxyurea and misonidazole."	7.67	5-Fluorouracil and 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) followed by hydroxyurea, misonidazole, and irradiation for brain stem gliomas: a pilot study of the Brain Tumor Research Center and the Childrens Cancer Group. ( Allen, J; Edwards, MS; Levin, VA; Ortega, J; Vestnys, P; Wara, WM, 1984)
"A retrospective evaluation of the quality and length of survival of 74 patients nonrandomly receiving lomustine, 100 to 110 mg/sq m, following craniotomy and irradiation for glioblastoma multiforme was performed."	7.66	Quality and duration of survival in glioblastoma multiforme. Combined surgical, radiation, and lomustine therapy. ( Baker, WH; Hochberg, FH; Kornblith, P; Linggood, R; Wolfson, L, 1979)
"Glioblastoma relapse is associated with activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling pathway."	6.94	Buparlisib plus carboplatin or lomustine in patients with recurrent glioblastoma: a phase Ib/II, open-label, multicentre, randomised study. ( Campone, M; Chinot, O; Clement, PM; DeGroot, J; Donnet, V; El-Hashimy, M; Gan, H; Gil-Gil, MJ; Idbaih, A; Mason, W; Mills, D; Pineda, E; Raizer, J; Rosenthal, M; Wen, PY, 2020)
"Axitinib is a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor with high affinity and specificity for the family of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors."	6.87	Randomized phase II trial comparing axitinib with the combination of axitinib and lomustine in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. ( Andre, C; Bouttens, F; Chaskis, C; D'Haene, N; Du Four, S; Duerinck, J; Le Mercier, M; Michotte, A; Neyns, B; Rogiers, A; Salmon, I; Van Fraeyenhove, F; Verschaeve, V, 2018)
" The safety component reported here, which also investigated pharmacokinetics and preliminary clinical activity, required expansion and is therefore considered a phase I part to establish a recommended dosing regimen of the combination of CCNU (90-110 mg/m(2)) and dasatinib (100-200 mg daily)."	6.77	EORTC 26083 phase I/II trial of dasatinib in combination with CCNU in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. ( Allgeier, A; Brandes, AA; Franceschi, E; Gorlia, T; Hegi, M; Lacombe, D; Laigle Donadey, F; Lhermitte, B; Strauss, LC; Stupp, R; van den Bent, MJ; van Herpen, C, 2012)
"Glioblastomas are the most common malignant primary intrinsic brain tumors."	6.66	How did lomustine become standard of care in recurrent glioblastoma? ( Le Rhun, E; Weller, M, 2020)
" Here, we explored the incidence, and the consequences for treatment exposure and survival, of thrombocytopenia induced by lomustine in recurrent glioblastoma."	5.69	Thrombocytopenia limits the feasibility of salvage lomustine chemotherapy in recurrent glioblastoma: a secondary analysis of EORTC 26101. ( Brandes, AA; Clement, PM; Golfinopoulos, V; Gorlia, T; Idbaih, A; Le Rhun, E; Oppong, FB; Platten, M; Preusser, M; Taphoorn, MJ; van den Bent, M; Weller, M; Wick, W, 2023)
"In the randomized phase III trial CeTeG/NOA-09, temozolomide (TMZ)/lomustine (CCNU) combination therapy was superior to TMZ in newly diagnosed MGMT methylated glioblastoma, albeit reporting more frequent hematotoxicity."	5.69	Patterns, predictors and prognostic relevance of high-grade hematotoxicity after temozolomide or temozolomide-lomustine in the CeTeG/NOA-09 trial. ( Brehmer, S; Bullinger, L; Giordano, FA; Glas, M; Goldbrunner, R; Grauer, O; Hau, P; Herrlinger, U; Kowalski, T; Krex, D; Potthoff, AL; Ringel, F; Sabel, M; Schäfer, N; Schaub, C; Schmidt-Graf, F; Schneider, M; Schnell, O; Seidel, C; Steinbach, JP; Tabatabai, G; Tonn, JC; Tzaridis, T; Vajkoczy, P; Vatter, H; Weller, J; Zeiner, PS; Zeyen, T, 2023)
"The EORTC-26101 study was a randomized phase II and III clinical trial of bevacizumab in combination with lomustine versus lomustine alone in progressive glioblastoma."	5.69	Prognostic Markers of DNA Methylation and Next-Generation Sequencing in Progressive Glioblastoma from the EORTC-26101 Trial. ( Bendszus, M; Brandes, AA; Campone, M; Clement, PM; Doerner, L; Dômont, J; Hai, L; Idbaih, A; Ito, J; Kaulen, LD; Kessler, T; Platten, M; Sahm, F; Schrimpf, D; Taphoorn, M; van den Bent, M; von Deimling, A; Wick, A; Wick, W, 2023)
"Lomustine is a treatment option for patients with high-grade glioma."	5.43	Toca 511 plus 5-fluorocytosine in combination with lomustine shows chemotoxic and immunotherapeutic activity with no additive toxicity in rodent glioblastoma models. ( Gruber, HE; Huang, TT; Ibañez, CE; Jolly, DJ; Lopez Espinoza, F; Mendoza, D; Robbins, JM; Yagiz, K, 2016)
"Myoinositol (MI) is an organic osmolyte, with intracellular concentration changes depending on the extracellular osmolality."	5.43	Myoinositol as a Biomarker in Recurrent Glioblastoma Treated with Bevacizumab: A 1H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study. ( Bähr, O; Hattingen, E; Pilatus, U; Ronellenfitsch, MW; Steidl, E; Steinbach, JP; Zanella, F, 2016)
"The REGOMA trial showed that regorafenib significantly improved overall survival in patients with recurrent glioblastoma compared with lomustine."	5.41	Patient-reported outcomes in a phase II randomised study of regorafenib compared with lomustine in patients with relapsed glioblastoma (the REGOMA trial). ( Bergo, E; Brandes, AA; Caccesse, M; Daniele, B; De Salvo, GL; Del Bianco, P; Eoli, M; Ibrahim, T; Lolli, I; Lombardi, G; Magni, G; Pace, A; Pasqualetti, F; Rizzato, S; Rudà, R; Zagonel, V, 2021)
" We investigated Depatux-M in combination with temozolomide or as a single agent in a randomized controlled phase II trial in recurrent EGFR amplified glioblastoma."	5.34	INTELLANCE 2/EORTC 1410 randomized phase II study of Depatux-M alone and with temozolomide vs temozolomide or lomustine in recurrent EGFR amplified glioblastoma. ( Ansell, P; Brilhante, J; Chinot, O; Clement, PM; Coens, C; De Vos, F; Dey, J; Dubbink, HJ; Eoli, M; Franceschi, E; French, P; Frenel, JS; Golfinopoulos, V; Gorlia, T; Krause, S; Looman, J; Nuyens, S; Sanghera, P; Sepulveda, JM; Smits, M; Spruyt, M; Van Den Bent, M; Walenkamp, A; Weller, M; Whenham, N, 2020)
"Despite somewhat prolonged progression-free survival, treatment with lomustine plus bevacizumab did not confer a survival advantage over treatment with lomustine alone in patients with progressive glioblastoma."	5.24	Lomustine and Bevacizumab in Progressive Glioblastoma. ( Bendszus, M; Brandes, AA; Bromberg, JC; Campone, M; Clement, PM; Domont, J; Dubois, F; Fabbro, M; Golfinopoulos, V; Gorlia, T; Harting, I; Idbaih, A; Klein, M; Le Rhun, E; Platten, M; Sahm, F; Stupp, R; Taal, W; Taphoorn, M; van den Bent, MJ; von Deimling, A; Weller, M; Wick, W, 2017)
"The combination of galunisertib, a transforming growth factor (TGF)-β receptor (R)1 kinase inhibitor, and lomustine was found to have antitumor activity in murine models of glioblastoma."	5.22	A Phase II randomized study of galunisertib monotherapy or galunisertib plus lomustine compared with lomustine monotherapy in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. ( Brandes, AA; Capper, D; Carpentier, AF; Cher, L; Chinot, O; Cleverly, A; Desaiah, D; Guba, SC; Gueorguieva, I; Kesari, S; Lahn, MM; Miles, C; Rodon, J; Sepulveda-Sanchez, JM; Smith, C; Specenier, P; Steinbach, JP; Wheeler, HR; Wick, W, 2016)
"We conducted a randomized, non-comparative, multi center, phase II clinical trial in order to investigate the efficacy of axitinib, an oral small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor with high affinity and specificity for the vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, in patients with recurrent glioblastoma following prior treatment with radiation and temozolomide."	5.22	Randomized phase II study of axitinib versus physicians best alternative choice of therapy in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. ( Bouttens, F; D'Haene, N; Du Four, S; Duerinck, J; Everaert, H; Le Mercier, M; Michotte, A; Neyns, B; Salmon, I; Van Binst, AM; Vandervorst, F; Verschaeve, V, 2016)
" This trial evaluated the efficacy of low dose bevacizumab in combination with lomustine (CCNU) compared to standard dose bevacizumab in patients with recurrent glioblastoma."	5.22	A randomized phase II trial of standard dose bevacizumab versus low dose bevacizumab plus lomustine (CCNU) in adults with recurrent glioblastoma. ( Colen, RR; Conrad, CA; de Groot, JF; Gilbert, MR; Han, X; Liu, DD; Loghin, ME; O'Brien, BJ; Penas-Prado, M; Puduvalli, VK; Tremont-Lukats, I; Weathers, SP; Yung, WKA, 2016)
"The BELOB study, a randomised controlled phase 2 trial comparing lomustine, bevacizumab and combined lomustine and bevacizumab in patients with recurrent glioblastoma, showed that the 9-month overall survival rate was most promising in the combination arm."	5.20	The impact of bevacizumab on health-related quality of life in patients treated for recurrent glioblastoma: results of the randomised controlled phase 2 BELOB trial. ( Beerepoot, LV; Bottomley, A; Bromberg, JE; de Vos, FY; Dirven, L; Hanse, MC; Otten, A; Reijneveld, JC; Smits, M; Taal, W; Taphoorn, MJ; van den Bent, MJ; van der Holt, B; van der Meer, N; Vos, MJ; Walenkamp, AM, 2015)
"In this side study of the BELOB trial, 141 patients with recurrent glioblastoma were randomised to receive single-agent bevacizumab or lomustine, or bevacizumab plus lomustine."	5.20	Prognostic value and kinetics of circulating endothelial cells in patients with recurrent glioblastoma randomised to bevacizumab plus lomustine, bevacizumab single agent or lomustine single agent. A report from the Dutch Neuro-Oncology Group BELOB trial. ( Beerepoot, L; Beije, N; de Vos, FY; Gratama, JW; Hanse, M; Kraan, J; Oosterkamp, HM; Otten, A; Sleijfer, S; Taal, W; van den Bent, MJ; van der Holt, B; van Linde, ME; Vernhout, RM; Walenkamp, AM, 2015)
" Adult patients (≥18 years of age) with a first recurrence of a glioblastoma after temozolomide chemoradiotherapy were randomly allocated by a web-based program to treatment with oral lomustine 110 mg/m(2) once every 6 weeks, intravenous bevacizumab 10 mg/kg once every 2 weeks, or combination treatment with lomustine 110 mg/m(2) every 6 weeks and bevacizumab 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks."	5.19	Single-agent bevacizumab or lomustine versus a combination of bevacizumab plus lomustine in patients with recurrent glioblastoma (BELOB trial): a randomised controlled phase 2 trial. ( Beerepoot, LV; Boerman, D; Brandsma, D; Bromberg, JE; Buter, J; de Vos, FY; Dinjens, WN; Dubbink, HJ; Enting, RH; Hanse, MC; Honkoop, AH; Jansen, RL; Oosterkamp, HM; Taal, W; Taphoorn, MJ; van den Bent, MJ; van den Berkmortel, FW; van der Holt, B; van Heuvel, I; Vernhout, RM; Walenkamp, AM, 2014)
"A randomized, phase III, placebo-controlled, partially blinded clinical trial (REGAL [Recent in in Glioblastoma Alone and With Lomustine]) was conducted to determine the efficacy of cediranib, an oral pan-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, either as monotherapy or in combination with lomustine versus lomustine in patients with recurrent glioblastoma."	5.17	Phase III randomized trial comparing the efficacy of cediranib as monotherapy, and in combination with lomustine, versus lomustine alone in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. ( Ashby, LS; Batchelor, TT; Campone, M; Cher, L; Degroot, J; Gattamaneni, R; Jain, RK; Jürgensmeier, JM; Liu, Q; Mason, W; Mikkelsen, T; Mulholland, P; Nabors, LB; Neyns, B; Payer, F; Phuphanich, S; Rosenthal, M; Sorensen, AG; van den Bent, M; Wick, A; Xu, J, 2013)
"This phase III open-label study compared the efficacy and safety of enzastaurin versus lomustine in patients with recurrent glioblastoma (WHO grade 4)."	5.14	Phase III study of enzastaurin compared with lomustine in the treatment of recurrent intracranial glioblastoma. ( Carpentier, AF; Chamberlain, MC; Cher, LM; Fine, HA; Hong, S; Liepa, AM; Mason, W; Musib, L; Puduvalli, VK; Thornton, DE; van den Bent, MJ; Weller, M; Wick, W, 2010)
"The authors administered procarbazine, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU, lomustine), and vincristine (PCV) to 86 patients with recurrent glioblastoma."	5.12	PCV chemotherapy for recurrent glioblastoma. ( Dichgans, J; Dietz, K; Fischer, J; Herrlinger, U; Schmidt, F; Weller, M, 2006)
"To evaluate toxicity and efficacy of the combination of lomustine, temozolomide (TMZ) and involved-field radiotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM)."	5.12	Phase II trial of lomustine plus temozolomide chemotherapy in addition to radiotherapy in newly diagnosed glioblastoma: UKT-03. ( Bamberg, M; Blaschke, B; Herrlinger, U; Hundsberger, T; Koch, D; Kortmann, RD; Loeser, S; Meyermann, R; Reifenberger, G; Rieger, J; Sommer, C; Steinbach, JP; Tan, TC; Weller, M; Wick, W, 2006)
"To conduct a Phase II study to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of high-dose 5'-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and accelerated radiotherapy followed by procarbazine, lomustine (CCNU), and vincristine (PCV) chemotherapy in patients with glioblastoma multiforme."	5.09	A phase II trial of high-dose bromodeoxyuridine with accelerated fractionation radiotherapy followed by procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine for glioblastoma multiforme. ( Bruner, JM; Groves, MD; Hess, K; Jaeckle, KA; Kyritsis, AP; Levin, VA; Maor, MH; Meyers, C; Peterson, P; Sawaya, RE; Yung, WK, 1999)
"Although the efficacy of the nitrosourea-based combination chemotherapy procarbazine, N-(2-chloroethyl)-N'-cyclohexyl-N-nitrosurea, and vincristine (PCV) has been previously demonstrated in the setting of anaplastic/intermediate-grade gliomas, the benefit for glioblastoma patients remains unproven."	5.09	Phase III randomized study of postradiotherapy chemotherapy with alpha-difluoromethylornithine-procarbazine, N-(2-chloroethyl)-N'-cyclohexyl-N-nitrosurea, vincristine (DFMO-PCV) versus PCV for glioblastoma multiforme. ( Bruner, JM; Chang, SM; Choucair, A; Flynn, PJ; Gleason, MJ; Hess, KR; Jaeckle, KA; Kyritsis, AP; Levin, VA; Prados, MD; Uhm, JH, 2000)
"After surgery, patients aged < or = 70 years, with World Health Organization grade 3 or 4 astrocytoma, were randomized to radiotherapy alone (RT) or RT plus procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine (PCV) chemotherapy (RT-PCV) given at 6-week intervals to a maximum of 12 courses (procarbazine 100 mg/m2 days 1 to 10, lomustine 100 mg/m2 day 1, and vincristine 1."	5.09	Randomized trial of procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine in the adjuvant treatment of high-grade astrocytoma: a Medical Research Council trial. ( , 2001)
"To conduct a Phase II one-arm study to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of accelerated fractionated radiotherapy combined with intravenous carboplatin for patients with previously untreated glioblastoma multiforme tumors."	5.08	Phase II study of accelerated fractionation radiation therapy with carboplatin followed by vincristine chemotherapy for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. ( Bruner, J; Kyritsis, AP; Leeds, N; Levin, VA; Maor, MH; Rodriguez, L; Sawaya, R; Thall, PF; Woo, S; Yung, WK, 1995)
"There is no benefit to the treatment of high-grade astrocytomas in children with eight-drugs-in-1-day chemotherapy compared with CCNU, vincristine, and prednisone."	5.08	Randomized phase III trial in childhood high-grade astrocytoma comparing vincristine, lomustine, and prednisone with the eight-drugs-in-1-day regimen. Childrens Cancer Group. ( Bertolone, SJ; Boyett, JM; Cherlow, JM; Finlay, JL; Geyer, JR; McGuire, P; Milstein, JM; Tefft, M; Wisoff, JH; Yates, AJ, 1995)
"In a study activated in 1983 and closed in 1987, the Brain Tumor Research Center of the University of California and the Northern California Cancer Center evaluated the effect of bromodeoxyuridine in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme."	5.07	Evaluation of bromodeoxyuridine in glioblastoma multiforme: a Northern California Cancer Center Phase II study. ( Ahn, DK; Davis, RL; Flam, MS; Gutin, PH; Levin, VA; Phillips, TL; Prados, MD; Wara, WM; Wilson, CB, 1991)
" The protocol called for a randomized trial that compared the effects of following 60 Gy radiation/oral hydroxyurea treatment with either carmustine (BCNU) or the combination of procarbazine, lomustine (CCNU), and vincristine (PCV) for two histologic strata: glioblastoma multiforme and other anaplastic gliomas."	5.06	Superiority of post-radiotherapy adjuvant chemotherapy with CCNU, procarbazine, and vincristine (PCV) over BCNU for anaplastic gliomas: NCOG 6G61 final report. ( Davis, RL; Gutin, PH; Hannigan, J; Levin, VA; Silver, P; Wara, WM; Wilson, CB, 1990)
"The authors report the results of a randomized study conducted to evaluate the relative benefit of treatment with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) or the combination of procarbazine, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea, and vincristine (PCV) administered after radiation therapy with hydroxyurea to 76 evaluable patients with glioblastoma multiforme and 72 patients with other anaplastic gliomas."	5.05	Phase III comparison of BCNU and the combination of procarbazine, CCNU, and vincristine administered after radiotherapy with hydroxyurea for malignant gliomas. ( Davis, RL; Gutin, PH; Levin, VA; Nutik, S; Resser, KJ; Vestnys, P; Wara, WM; Wilson, CB; Yatsko, K, 1985)
" TTFields therapy is approved for treatment of newly-diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) concurrent with maintenance temozolomide (TMZ)."	4.31	Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) increase the effectiveness of temozolomide and lomustine in glioblastoma cell lines. ( Dor-On, E; Fishman, H; Giladi, M; Haber, A; Kinzel, A; Monin, R; Palti, Y; Weinberg, U, 2023)
"In the randomized CeTeG/NOA-09 trial, lomustine/temozolomide (CCNU/TMZ) was superior to TMZ therapy regarding overall survival (OS) in MGMT promotor-methylated glioblastoma."	4.31	Undetected pseudoprogressions in the CeTeG/NOA-09 trial: hints from postprogression survival and MRI analyses. ( Duffy, C; Galldiks, N; Glas, M; Goldbrunner, R; Grauer, O; Hattingen, E; Hau, P; Herrlinger, U; Krex, D; Nitsch, L; Paech, D; Potthoff, AL; Radbruch, A; Schäfer, N; Schaub, C; Schlegel, U; Schneider, M; Seidel, C; Steinbach, JP; Stummer, W; Tabatabai, G; Tzaridis, T; Weller, J; Zeiner, PS; Zeyen, T, 2023)
"A first-line therapeutic for high-grade glioma, notably glioblastoma (GBM), is the DNA methylating drug temozolomide (TMZ)."	4.12	Abrogation of Cellular Senescence Induced by Temozolomide in Glioblastoma Cells: Search for Senolytics. ( Beltzig, L; Christmann, M; Kaina, B, 2022)
"Glioblastomas (GBM) often acquire resistance against temozolomide (TMZ) after continuous treatment and recur as TMZ-resistant GBM (TMZ-R-GBM)."	4.02	Lomustine and nimustine exert efficient antitumor effects against glioblastoma models with acquired temozolomide resistance. ( Fujii, T; Ichimura, K; Kawauchi, D; Kobayashi, T; Kondo, A; Nakano, T; Narita, Y; Sasaki, N; Satomi, K; Takahashi, M; Tomiyama, A; Uchida, E; Wada, K; Yamamuro, S; Yoshino, A, 2021)
"In the EF-14 trial for newly diagnosed glioblastoma (ndGBM) patients addition of Tumour Treating Fields (TTFields) to temozolomide treatment resulted in a significantly improved overall survival (OS)."	3.96	Tumour Treating Fields (TTFields) in combination with lomustine and temozolomide in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. ( Blau, T; Deuschl, C; Glas, M; Herrlinger, U; Kebir, S; Keyvani, K; Kleinschnitz, C; Lazaridis, L; Oster, C; Pierscianek, D; Schäfer, N; Scheffler, B; Schmidt, T; Stuschke, M; Sure, U; Teuber-Hanselmann, S; Tzaridis, T; Weller, J, 2020)
"Imaging necrosis on MRI scans was assessed and compared to outcome measures of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer 26101 phase III trial that compared single-agent lomustine with lomustine plus bevacizumab in patients with progressive glioblastoma."	3.91	Imaging necrosis during treatment is associated with worse survival in EORTC 26101 study. ( Bendszus, M; Brandes, AA; Bromberg, JEC; Campone, M; Clement, PM; Domont, J; Fabbro, M; Golfinopoulos, V; Gorlia, T; Harting, I; Idbaih, A; Kickingereder, P; Le Rhun, E; Nowosielski, M; Platten, M; Sahm, F; Taal, W; Taphoorn, MJB; van den Bent, MJ; Weller, M; Wick, W, 2019)
" First- and second-line therapeutics for glioblastomas are alkylating agents, including the chloroethylating nitrosoureas (CNU) lomustine, nimustine, fotemustine, and carmustine."	3.83	Targeting Homologous Recombination by Pharmacological Inhibitors Enhances the Killing Response of Glioblastoma Cells Treated with Alkylating Drugs. ( Berte, N; Borgmann, K; Kaina, B; Nikolova, T; Piecha, N; Piée-Staffa, A; Wang, M, 2016)
"Taken together, these data suggest a potential role for a combination therapy of lomustine and DHA for the treatment of glioblastomas."	3.81	Enhanced anticancer properties of lomustine in conjunction with docosahexaenoic acid in glioblastoma cell lines. ( Cohen-Gadol, AA; Harvey, KA; Pollok, K; Saaddatzadeh, MR; Siddiqui, RA; Wang, H; Xu, Z, 2015)
"In this retrospective study, we identified adult patients with histologically confirmed glioblastoma (WHO grade IV) who were treated with lomustine or carmustine in combination with bevacizumab as a second or third regimen after failing an alternative initial bevacizumab-containing regimen."	3.80	Retrospective study of carmustine or lomustine with bevacizumab in recurrent glioblastoma patients who have failed prior bevacizumab. ( Alexander, BM; Beroukhim, R; Doherty, L; Hempfling, K; Huang, RY; LaFrankie, D; Lee, EQ; Nayak, L; Norden, AD; Rahman, R; Rai, A; Reardon, DA; Rifenburg, J; Rinne, ML; Ruland, S; Wen, PY, 2014)
"To evaluate long-term survival in a prospective series of patients newly diagnosed with glioblastoma and treated with a combination of lomustine (CCNU), temozolomide (TMZ), and radiotherapy."	3.75	Long-term survival of patients with glioblastoma treated with radiotherapy and lomustine plus temozolomide. ( Bähr, O; Glas, M; Happold, C; Herrlinger, U; Kortmann, RD; Reifenberger, G; Rieger, J; Steinbach, JP; Weller, M; Wick, W; Wiewrodt, D, 2009)
"We have reported that carmustine (BCNU) and cisplatin administered before, during, and after radiotherapy did not improve the survival of patients with high-grade astrocytomas and were associated with more serious toxicities than radiotherapy plus BCNU."	3.73	Combination chemotherapy with carmustine and cisplatin followed by procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine for adult high-grade astrocytoma. ( Jung, SM; Liau, CT; Tseng, CK; Wei, KC, 2005)
"The authors evaluated response, time to progression (TTP), survival, prognostic factors, and toxicity in 63 patients with a recurrent glioblastoma multiforme treated with procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine (PCV) chemotherapy."	3.71	PCV chemotherapy for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. ( Groeneveld, GJ; Heimans, JJ; Kappelle, AC; Postma, TJ; Sneeuw, KC; Taphoorn, MJ; van den Bent, MJ; van Groeningen, CJ; Zonnenberg, BA, 2001)
" In glioblastomas (histological grade 4, n = 257) the same chemotherapy was evaluated versus two cycles 4 weeks apart of 160 mg lomustine (CCNU) orally instead of BCNU, combined with vincristine and procarbazine (PCV) versus no chemotherapy."	3.70	A retrospective study of the value of chemotherapy as adjuvant therapy to surgery and radiotherapy in grade 3 and 4 gliomas. ( Gundersen, S; Lote, K; Watne, K, 1998)
"We treated 54 patients, newly diagnosed for glioblastoma, with systemic chemotherapy (carmustine (BCNU) 100 mg/m2 and cisplatin 90 mg/m2 every 6 weeks) and radiotherapy soon after surgery."	3.70	Locally delivered chemotherapy and repeated surgery can improve survival in glioblastoma patients. ( Boiardi, A; Broggi, G; Eoli, M; Pozzi, A; Salmaggi, A; Silvani, A, 1999)
"The aim of this study was to examine the range of sensitivity of a panel of short-term cultures derived from different types of malignant childhood brain tumours including medulloblastoma, ependymoma and glioblastoma multiforme to three cytotoxic drugs, lomustine (CCNU), vincristine (VCR) and procarbazine (PCB)."	3.70	Chemosensitivity in childhood brain tumours in vitro: evidence of differential sensitivity to lomustine (CCNU) and vincristine. ( Darling, JL; Harding, B; Harkness, W; Hayward, R; Lewandowicz, GM; Thomas, DG, 2000)
"Our results indicate that chemotherapy with a combination of 6-thioguanine, procarbazine, lomustine, and hydroxyurea is active for patients with recurrent anaplastic gliomas and glioblastomas not previously treated with nitrosourea-based chemotherapy but is inactive for patients with glioblastomas previously treated with chemotherapy."	3.69	Combination of 6-thioguanine, procarbazine, lomustine, and hydroxyurea for patients with recurrent malignant gliomas. ( Bruner, J; Flowers, A; Gleason, MJ; Ictech, SE; Jaeckle, KA; Kyritsis, AP; Levin, VA; Yung, WK, 1996)
"Twenty-eight evaluable children with the diagnosis of brain stem glioma were treated with 5-fluorouracil and CCNU before posterior fossa irradiation (5500 rads); during irradiation, the children received hydroxyurea and misonidazole."	3.67	5-Fluorouracil and 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) followed by hydroxyurea, misonidazole, and irradiation for brain stem gliomas: a pilot study of the Brain Tumor Research Center and the Childrens Cancer Group. ( Allen, J; Edwards, MS; Levin, VA; Ortega, J; Vestnys, P; Wara, WM, 1984)
"A retrospective evaluation of the quality and length of survival of 74 patients nonrandomly receiving lomustine, 100 to 110 mg/sq m, following craniotomy and irradiation for glioblastoma multiforme was performed."	3.66	Quality and duration of survival in glioblastoma multiforme. Combined surgical, radiation, and lomustine therapy. ( Baker, WH; Hochberg, FH; Kornblith, P; Linggood, R; Wolfson, L, 1979)
"Glioblastoma relapse is associated with activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling pathway."	2.94	Buparlisib plus carboplatin or lomustine in patients with recurrent glioblastoma: a phase Ib/II, open-label, multicentre, randomised study. ( Campone, M; Chinot, O; Clement, PM; DeGroot, J; Donnet, V; El-Hashimy, M; Gan, H; Gil-Gil, MJ; Idbaih, A; Mason, W; Mills, D; Pineda, E; Raizer, J; Rosenthal, M; Wen, PY, 2020)
"Axitinib is a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor with high affinity and specificity for the family of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors."	2.87	Randomized phase II trial comparing axitinib with the combination of axitinib and lomustine in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. ( Andre, C; Bouttens, F; Chaskis, C; D'Haene, N; Du Four, S; Duerinck, J; Le Mercier, M; Michotte, A; Neyns, B; Rogiers, A; Salmon, I; Van Fraeyenhove, F; Verschaeve, V, 2018)
" The safety component reported here, which also investigated pharmacokinetics and preliminary clinical activity, required expansion and is therefore considered a phase I part to establish a recommended dosing regimen of the combination of CCNU (90-110 mg/m(2)) and dasatinib (100-200 mg daily)."	2.77	EORTC 26083 phase I/II trial of dasatinib in combination with CCNU in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. ( Allgeier, A; Brandes, AA; Franceschi, E; Gorlia, T; Hegi, M; Lacombe, D; Laigle Donadey, F; Lhermitte, B; Strauss, LC; Stupp, R; van den Bent, MJ; van Herpen, C, 2012)
"Estimated 4-year survival for the anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) stratum (n = 116) is 46%."	2.68	Radiation therapy and bromodeoxyuridine chemotherapy followed by procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine for the treatment of anaplastic gliomas. ( Davis, RL; Gutin, PH; Lamborn, K; Levin, VA; Phillips, TL; Prados, MR; Wara, WM; Wilson, CB, 1995)
"Those treated for glioblastoma multiforme had a mean Karnofsky Performance Score of 86% (range 60-100%) at 1 month and 75% (range 60-100%) at 24 months."	2.67	External irradiation followed by an interstitial high activity iodine-125 implant "boost" in the initial treatment of malignant gliomas: NCOG study 6G-82-2. ( Gutin, PH; Larson, DA; Leibel, SA; Levin, VA; Phillips, TL; Prados, MD; Silver, P; Sneed, PK; Wara, WM; Weaver, KA, 1991)
"Glioblastomas are the most common malignant primary intrinsic brain tumors."	2.66	How did lomustine become standard of care in recurrent glioblastoma? ( Le Rhun, E; Weller, M, 2020)
"Misonidazole 1."	2.66	Combined modality treatment of operated astrocytomas grade 3 and 4. A prospective and randomized study of misonidazole and radiotherapy with two different radiation schedules and subsequent CCNU chemotherapy. Stage II of a prospective multicenter trial of ( Ganz, JC; Hagen, S; Hatlevoll, R; Kristiansen, K; Lindegaard, KF; Mella, O; Nesbakken, R; Ringkjöb, R; Rosengren, B; Torvik, A, 1985)
"Glioblastomas are rich in blood vessels (i."	2.58	Anti-angiogenic therapy for high-grade glioma. ( Ameratunga, M; Grant, R; Khasraw, M; Pavlakis, N; Simes, J; Wheeler, H, 2018)
" Alternative dosing regimens, such as 1-week on/1-week off, or 3-week on/1-week off, that deliver more prolonged exposure have been observed to result in higher cumulative doses than the standard 5-day regimen and may deplete tumor-derived O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) in tumor cells, thus sensitizing tumor cells to the effects of TMZ."	2.45	[Treatment of glioma with temozolomide]. ( Nishikawa, R, 2009)
" Using immunocompetent orthotopic glioma mouse models, we identified strong anti-glioma activity of L19TNF in combination with the alkylating agent CCNU, which cured the majority of tumor-bearing mice, whereas monotherapies only had limited efficacy."	1.91	Targeted delivery of tumor necrosis factor in combination with CCNU induces a T cell-dependent regression of glioblastoma. ( Amit, I; Becher, B; Bühler, M; De Luca, R; Di Nitto, C; Hemmerle, T; Katzenelenbogen, Y; Kirschenbaum, D; Look, T; Neri, D; Puca, E; Ravazza, D; Rindlisbacher, L; Roth, P; Stucchi, R; Weiner, A; Weiss, T; Weller, M, 2023)
"Glioblastoma is a malignant primary brain tumor that affects approximately 250,000 new patients per year worldwide."	1.72	Current therapeutic options for glioblastoma and future perspectives. ( Aquilanti, E; Wen, PY, 2022)
"The study included 26 patients with anaplastic astrocytoma and 37 patients with glioblastoma; all patients were aged ≤18 years."	1.43	High-grade glioma in children and adolescents: a single-center experience. ( Akalan, N; Akyuz, C; Cengiz, M; Eren, G; Gurkaynak, M; Ozyigit, G; Varan, A; Yazici, G; Yüce, D; Zorlu, F, 2016)
"Mice were dosed with either intravenous lomustine Molecular Envelope Technology (MET) nanoparticles (13 mg kg(-1)) or ethanolic lomustine (6."	1.43	Lomustine Nanoparticles Enable Both Bone Marrow Sparing and High Brain Drug Levels - A Strategy for Brain Cancer Treatments. ( Chooi, KW; Fisusi, FA; Garrett, N; Lalatsa, K; Moger, J; Okubanjo, O; Satchi-Fainaro, R; Schätzlein, AG; Serrano, D; Siew, A; Stapleton, P; Summers, I; Uchegbu, IF, 2016)
"Lomustine is a treatment option for patients with high-grade glioma."	1.43	Toca 511 plus 5-fluorocytosine in combination with lomustine shows chemotoxic and immunotherapeutic activity with no additive toxicity in rodent glioblastoma models. ( Gruber, HE; Huang, TT; Ibañez, CE; Jolly, DJ; Lopez Espinoza, F; Mendoza, D; Robbins, JM; Yagiz, K, 2016)
"Myoinositol (MI) is an organic osmolyte, with intracellular concentration changes depending on the extracellular osmolality."	1.43	Myoinositol as a Biomarker in Recurrent Glioblastoma Treated with Bevacizumab: A 1H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study. ( Bähr, O; Hattingen, E; Pilatus, U; Ronellenfitsch, MW; Steidl, E; Steinbach, JP; Zanella, F, 2016)
"Several protocols for the adjuvant treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are currently being evaluated."	1.31	Distinct radiochemotherapy protocols differentially influence cellular proliferation and expression of p53 and Bcl-2 in glioblastoma multiforme relapses in vivo. ( Deininger, MH; Grote, E; Meyermann, R; Wickboldt, J, 2000)
" The shapes of the dose-response curves indicated complete cross-resistance between BCNU and CCNU, i."	1.27	In vitro analysis of BCNU-sensitivity in human malignant gliomas. II. Cross-resistance studies with cisplatinum and nitrosoureas. ( Bricolo, A; Della Corte, V; Gerosa, MA; Licata, C; Marcon, C; Rosenblum, ML; Stevanoni, G; Tridente, G, 1986)
" The radiation dose ranged from 3000 to 4650 rad and the oral CCNU dosage from 300 mg to 1050 mg."	1.27	Sudden onset of blindness in patients treated with oral CCNU and low-dose cranial irradiation. ( Kleinschmidt-Demasters, BK; Perez, GM; Wilson, WB, 1987)
"5 g/M2 every six weeks, with dosage adjustments for myelotoxicity."	1.27	Misonidazole and CCNU chemotherapy for recurrent primary brain tumor. ( Fulton, DS; McKinnon, S; Tanasichuk, H; Urtasun, RC, 1987)
"Three cases of pseudocysts following surgery and chemotherapy for glioblastomas are reported."	1.26	Cerebral pseudocysts following chemotherapy of glioblastomas. ( Philippon, J; Poisson, M; Racadot, J; Sichez, JP; van Effenterre, R, 1977)
" In the first phase, 14 patients (Group A) with progressive neurologic dysfunction following primary treatment were treated with DTIC alone (8 patients) or in combination with CCNU or methyl CCNU (6 patients) and evaluated for change in neurologic status."	1.25	Treatment of grade III and IV astrocytoma with dimethyl triazeno imidazole carboxamide (DTIC, NSC-45388) alone and in combination with CCNU (NSC-79037) or methyl CCNU (MeCCNU, NSC-95441). ( Baxter, D; Cunningham, TJ; Horton, J; Nelson, L; Olson, KB; Rosenbaum, C; Sponzo, RW; Taylor, SG, 1975)

Research

Studies (168)

Authors

Clinical Trials (15)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Adult Study: Objective Response Rate (ORR)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	36 (21.43)	18.7374
1990's	20 (11.90)	18.2507
2000's	29 (17.26)	29.6817
2010's	53 (31.55)	24.3611
2020's	30 (17.86)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Zhang, MM	1
Jia, Y	1
Li, P	1
Qiao, Y	1
Han, KL	1
Yamamuro, S	1
Takahashi, M	1
Satomi, K	1
Sasaki, N	1
Kobayashi, T	1
Uchida, E	1
Kawauchi, D	1
Nakano, T	1
Fujii, T	1
Narita, Y	1
Kondo, A	1
Wada, K	1
Yoshino, A	1
Ichimura, K	1
Tomiyama, A	1
McBain, C	1
Lawrie, TA	1
Rogozińska, E	1
Kernohan, A	1
Robinson, T	1
Jefferies, S	1
Lavogina, D	1
Laasfeld, T	1
Vardja, M	1
Lust, H	1
Jaal, J	1
Beltzig, L	1
Christmann, M	1
Kaina, B	2
Aquilanti, E	1
Wen, PY	4
Jang, BS	1
Park, AJ	1
Kim, IA	1
Radtke, L	1
Majchrzak-Celińska, A	1
Awortwe, C	1
Vater, I	1
Nagel, I	1
Sebens, S	1
Cascorbi, I	1
Kaehler, M	1
Le Rhun, E	6
Oppong, FB	3
van den Bent, M	8
Wick, W	13
Brandes, AA	14
Taphoorn, MJ	6
Platten, M	7
Idbaih, A	7
Clement, PM	8
Preusser, M	3
Golfinopoulos, V	6
Gorlia, T	8
Weller, M	15
Weller, J	5
Schäfer, N	6
Schaub, C	4
Tzaridis, T	4
Zeyen, T	2
Schneider, M	3
Potthoff, AL	2
Giordano, FA	1
Steinbach, JP	8
Zeiner, PS	2
Kowalski, T	1
Sabel, M	2
Hau, P	3
Krex, D	3
Grauer, O	3
Goldbrunner, R	3
Schnell, O	1
Tabatabai, G	2
Ringel, F	1
Schmidt-Graf, F	1
Brehmer, S	1
Tonn, JC	2
Bullinger, L	1
Vajkoczy, P	1
Glas, M	6
Vatter, H	2
Herrlinger, U	9
Seidel, C	4
Ellingson, BM	1
Chang, SM	2
Vogelbaum, MA	1
Li, G	1
Li, S	1
Kim, J	1
Youssef, G	1
Lassman, AB	1
Gilbert, MR	4
de Groot, JF	2
Galanis, E	1
Cloughesy, TF	1
Nozhat, Z	1
Heydarzadeh, S	1
Shahriari-Khalaji, M	1
Wang, S	1
Iqbal, MZ	1
Kong, X	1
Fishman, H	1
Monin, R	1
Dor-On, E	1
Kinzel, A	1
Haber, A	1
Giladi, M	1
Weinberg, U	1
Palti, Y	1
Look, T	1
Puca, E	1
Bühler, M	1
Kirschenbaum, D	1
De Luca, R	1
Stucchi, R	1
Ravazza, D	1
Di Nitto, C	1
Roth, P	2
Katzenelenbogen, Y	1
Weiner, A	1
Rindlisbacher, L	1
Becher, B	1
Amit, I	1
Neri, D	1
Hemmerle, T	1
Weiss, T	2
Kessler, T	2
Schrimpf, D	1
Doerner, L	1
Hai, L	1
Kaulen, LD	1
Ito, J	1
Taphoorn, M	2
Dômont, J	3
Campone, M	5
Bendszus, M	4
von Deimling, A	4
Sahm, F	4
Wick, A	3
Paech, D	1
Duffy, C	1
Nitsch, L	1
Schlegel, U	2
Galldiks, N	3
Stummer, W	1
Hattingen, E	2
Radbruch, A	1
Krugman, J	1
Patel, K	1
Cantor, A	1
Snuderl, M	1
Cooper, B	1
Zan, E	1
Radmanesh, A	1
Hidalgo, ET	1
Nicolaides, T	1
Mukherjee, S	1
Wood, J	1
Liaquat, I	1
Stapleton, SR	1
Martin, AJ	1
Eoli, M	5
Sepulveda, JM	1
Smits, M	3
Walenkamp, A	2
Frenel, JS	1
Franceschi, E	3
Chinot, O	4
De Vos, F	1
Whenham, N	1
Sanghera, P	1
Dubbink, HJ	2
French, P	1
Looman, J	1
Dey, J	1
Krause, S	1
Ansell, P	1
Nuyens, S	1
Spruyt, M	1
Brilhante, J	1
Coens, C	1
Lazaridis, L	1
Teuber-Hanselmann, S	1
Blau, T	1
Schmidt, T	1
Oster, C	1
Pierscianek, D	1
Keyvani, K	1
Kleinschnitz, C	1
Stuschke, M	1
Scheffler, B	1
Deuschl, C	1
Sure, U	1
Kebir, S	2
Lobbous, M	1
Nabors, LB	2
Indraccolo, S	2
De Salvo, GL	3
Verza, M	1
Caccese, M	1
Esposito, G	1
Piga, I	1
Del Bianco, P	2
Pizzi, M	1
Gardiman, MP	2
Rudà, R	3
Ibrahim, T	2
Rizzato, S	3
Lolli, I	3
Zagonel, V	3
Lombardi, G	3
Rosenthal, M	2
Gil-Gil, MJ	1
DeGroot, J	2
Gan, H	1
Raizer, J	1
Pineda, E	1
Donnet, V	1
Mills, D	1
El-Hashimy, M	1
Mason, W	3
Kickingereder, P	2
Brugnara, G	1
Hansen, MB	1
Nowosielski, M	2
Pflüger, I	1
Schell, M	1
Isensee, F	1
Foltyn, M	1
Neuberger, U	1
Heiland, S	1
Maier-Hein, KH	1
Østergaard, L	1
van den Bent, MJ	11
Seidel, S	1
Coch, C	1
Fimmers, R	1
Pietsch, T	2
Reifenberger, G	3
Felsberg, J	1
Werner, JM	1
Ceccon, G	2
Tscherpel, C	2
Lohmann, P	2
Bauer, EK	2
Stoffels, G	2
Baues, C	1
Celik, E	1
Marnitz, S	1
Kabbasch, C	1
Gielen, GH	1
Fink, GR	2
Langen, KJ	3
Lin, P	1
Jiang, H	1
Zhao, YJ	1
Pang, JS	1
Liao, W	1
He, Y	1
Lin, ZY	1
Yang, H	1
Castro, M	1
Pampana, A	1
Alam, A	1
Parashar, R	1
Rajagopalan, S	1
Lala, DA	1
Roy, KGG	1
Basu, S	1
Prakash, A	1
Nair, P	1
Joseph, V	1
Agarwal, A	1
G, P	1
Behura, L	1
Kulkarni, S	1
Choudhary, NR	1
Kapoor, S	1
Daniele, B	2
Pace, A	2
Pasqualetti, F	2
Caccesse, M	1
Bergo, E	1
Magni, G	2
Capper, D	2
Carpentier, AF	3
Kesari, S	2
Sepulveda-Sanchez, JM	2
Wheeler, HR	2
Cher, L	3
Specenier, P	2
Rodon, J	2
Cleverly, A	2
Smith, C	2
Gueorguieva, I	2
Miles, C	2
Guba, SC	2
Desaiah, D	2
Estrem, ST	1
Lahn, MM	2
Stritzelberger, J	1
Distel, L	1
Buslei, R	1
Fietkau, R	1
Putz, F	1
Duerinck, J	2
Du Four, S	2
Bouttens, F	2
Andre, C	1
Verschaeve, V	2
Van Fraeyenhove, F	1
Chaskis, C	1
D'Haene, N	2
Le Mercier, M	2
Rogiers, A	1
Michotte, A	2
Salmon, I	2
Neyns, B	3
Harting, I	2
Taal, W	8
Stupp, R	5
Fabbro, M	2
Dubois, F	1
Bromberg, JC	1
Klein, M	1
Hintenlang, LL	1
Miller, DH	1
Kaleem, T	1
Patel, N	1
May, BC	1
Tzou, KS	1
Vallow, LA	1
Buskirk, SJ	1
Miller, RC	1
Ko, SJ	1
Jaeckle, KA	4
Trifiletti, DM	1
Peterson, JL	1
Staberg, M	2
Rasmussen, RD	2
Michaelsen, SR	2
Pedersen, H	1
Jensen, KE	1
Villingshøj, M	2
Skjoth-Rasmussen, J	1
Brennum, J	1
Vitting-Seerup, K	1
Poulsen, HS	3
Hamerlik, P	2
Dunkl, V	1
Law, I	1
Henriksen, OM	1
Muhic, A	1
Steger, J	1
Schmidt, M	1
Shah, NJ	1
Grube, S	1
Ewald, C	1
Kögler, C	1
Lawson McLean, A	1
Kalff, R	1
Walter, J	1
Rodrigues-Junior, DM	1
Biassi, TP	1
Carlin, V	1
Buri, MV	1
Torrecilhas, AC	1
Bortoluci, KR	1
Vettore, AL	1
Ameratunga, M	1
Pavlakis, N	2
Wheeler, H	2
Grant, R	2
Simes, J	1
Khasraw, M	2
Faedi, M	1
Bellu, L	1
Pambuku, A	1
Farina, M	1
Soffietti, R	1
Kadiyala, P	1
Li, D	1
Nuñez, FM	1
Altshuler, D	1
Doherty, R	1
Kuai, R	1
Yu, M	1
Kamran, N	1
Edwards, M	1
Moon, JJ	1
Lowenstein, PR	2
Castro, MG	2
Schwendeman, A	1
Lukas, RV	1
Hegi, ME	1
Killock, D	1
Norden, AD	2
Korytowsky, B	1
You, M	1
Kim Le, T	1
Dastani, H	1
Bobiak, S	1
Singh, P	1
Bromberg, JEC	1
Taphoorn, MJB	1
Kortmann, RD	3
Batchelor, TT	1
Mulholland, P	1
Mikkelsen, T	2
Phuphanich, S	1
Ashby, LS	1
Gattamaneni, R	1
Payer, F	1
Jürgensmeier, JM	1
Jain, RK	1
Sorensen, AG	1
Xu, J	1
Liu, Q	1
Tonder, M	1
Eisele, G	1
Hofer, S	1
Seystahl, K	1
Valavanis, A	1
Rahman, R	1
Hempfling, K	1
Reardon, DA	1
Nayak, L	1
Rinne, ML	1
Beroukhim, R	1
Doherty, L	1
Ruland, S	1
Rai, A	1
Rifenburg, J	1
LaFrankie, D	1
Alexander, BM	1
Huang, RY	1
Lee, EQ	1
Oosterkamp, HM	3
Walenkamp, AM	3
Beerepoot, LV	4
Hanse, MC	3
Buter, J	3
Honkoop, AH	2
Boerman, D	1
de Vos, FY	3
Dinjens, WN	1
Enting, RH	1
van den Berkmortel, FW	1
Jansen, RL	1
Brandsma, D	1
Bromberg, JE	2
van Heuvel, I	1
Vernhout, RM	4
van der Holt, B	5
Villanueva, MT	2
Ameratunga, MS	1
Raza, S	1
Firwana, B	1
Doll, DC	1
Harvey, KA	1
Xu, Z	1
Saaddatzadeh, MR	1
Wang, H	1
Pollok, K	1
Cohen-Gadol, AA	1
Siddiqui, RA	1
Wong, ET	1
Lok, E	1
Swanson, KD	1
Dixit, S	1
Hingorani, M	1
Dirven, L	1
Bottomley, A	1
van der Meer, N	1
Vos, MJ	2
Reijneveld, JC	1
Otten, A	2
Beije, N	1
Kraan, J	1
Beerepoot, L	1
Hanse, M	2
van Linde, ME	1
Gratama, JW	1
Sleijfer, S	1
Carvalho, BF	1
Fernandes, AC	1
Almeida, DS	1
Sampaio, LV	1
Costa, A	1
Caeiro, C	1
Osório, L	1
Castro, L	1
Linhares, P	1
Damasceno, M	1
Vaz, RC	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
INTELLANCE-2: ABT-414 Alone or ABT-414 Plus Temozolomide Versus Lomustine or Temozolomide for Recurrent Glioblastoma: A Randomized Phase 2 Study of the EORTC Brain Tumor Group[NCT02343406]	Phase 2	266 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-02-17	Completed
Phase Ib/II Multicenter Study of Buparlisib Plus Carboplatin or Lomustine in Patients With Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme[NCT01934361]	Phase 1	35 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-02-28	Completed
Phase III Trial of CCNU/Temozolomide (TMZ) Combination Therapy vs. Standard TMZ Therapy for Newly Diagnosed MGMT-methylated Glioblastoma Patients[NCT01149109]	Phase 3	141 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-10-31	Completed
Regorafenib in Relapsed Glioblastoma REGOMA Study Randomized, Controlled Open-label Phase II Clinical Trial[NCT02926222]	Phase 2	119 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-11-30	Completed
Phase III Trial Exploring the Combination of Bevacizumab and Lomustine in Patients With First Recurrence of a Glioblastoma[NCT01290939]	Phase 3	592 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-10-31	Completed
Evaluation of ex Vivo Drug Combination Optimization Platform in Recurrent High Grade Astrocytic Glioma[NCT05532397]		10 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-02-17	Recruiting
A Randomized Phase 3 Open Label Study of Nivolumab Versus Bevacizumab and Multiple Phase 1 Safety Cohorts of Nivolumab or Nivolumab in Combination With Ipilimumab Across Different Lines of Glioblastoma[NCT02017717]	Phase 3	529 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-02-07	Active, not recruiting
A Phase III, Randomised, Parallel Group, Multi-Centre Study in Recurrent Glioblastoma Patients to Compare the Efficacy of Cediranib [RECENTIN™, AZD2171] Monotherapy and the Combination of Cediranib With Lomustine to the Efficacy of Lomustine Alone[NCT00777153]	Phase 3	423 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-10-31	Completed
Precoce Medical Care by the Mobil Support for Patients With Glioblastoma Receiving Specific Medical Oncology Treatment[NCT04516733]		35 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-05-10	Completed
Phase II Study of Bevacizumab and Nimustine in Patients With Recurrent High Grade Glioma[NCT02698280]	Phase 2	23 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-07-31	Completed
Temozolomide Plus Bevacizumab Chemotherapy in Supratentorial Glioblastoma in 70 Years and Older Patients With an Impaired Functional Status (KPS<70)[NCT02898012]	Phase 2	70 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-10-31	Completed
A Phase 2 Study of LY2157299 Monohydrate Monotherapy or LY2157299 Monohydrate Plus Lomustine Therapy Compared to Lomustine Monotherapy in Patients With Recurrent Glioblastoma[NCT01582269]	Phase 2	180 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-04-26	Active, not recruiting
Randomized Phase 3 Open Label Study - Enzastaurin vs. Lomustine in Glioblastoma[NCT00295815]	Phase 3	397 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-01-31	Completed
A Phase I Trial of Lenalidomide and Radiotherapy in Children With Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas and High-grade Gliomas[NCT01222754]	Phase 1	29 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-11-23	Completed
A Phase I Study of ABT-888, an Oral Inhibitor of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase and Temozolomide in Children With Recurrent/Refractory CNS Tumors[NCT00994071]	Phase 1	9 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-09-22	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

The objective response rate (ORR) included best overall responses - complete response (CR) and partial response (PR) - assessed by the independent review committee per response assessment in neurooncology criteria (RANO) criteria from the date of randomization until disease progression or death, whichever came first. All objective responses (CR and PR) must be have been confirmed by repeat MRI 4 weeks after the first time when CR or PR is identified. Any subject who did not meet CR or PR including those who did not have post-baseline radiological assessments was considered a nonresponder. (NCT02343406)
Timeframe: Every 8 weeks at each assessment of disease, up to 28 months

Pediatric Study: Area Under the Concentration-time Curve (AUC) Observed for ABT-414

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
ABT-414/Temozolomide	14.3
ABT-414_adult	7.7
Control (Temozolomide/Lomustine)	4.4

AUC is a measure of how long and how much drug is present in the body after dosing. The AUC of depatuxizumab mafodotin (ABT-414) in the pediatric population was measured following treatment to confirm that this was comparable to adults, and that the dosing levels are appropriate for a pediatric population. (NCT02343406)
Timeframe: Samples collected Cycle 1 Days 1, 2,3,5,8,15; Cycle 2 Day 1; Cycle 3 Day 1; Cycle 5 Day 1; Day 1 of every two cycles starting with Cycle 5; and 35 days after the last dose

Pediatric Study: Area Under the Concentration-time-curve (AUC) Observed for Unconjugated Cys-mcMMAF

Intervention	µg*h/mL (Mean)
ABT-414_ Pediatric	3170

AUC is a measure of how long and how much drug or drug metabolite is present in the body after dosing. The AUC of Cys-mcMMAF, a toxic metabolite of depatuxizumab mafodotin, in the pediatric population was measured following treatment to confirm that this was comparable to adults, and that the dosing levels are appropriate for a pediatric population. (NCT02343406)
Timeframe: Samples collected Cycle 1 Days 1, 2, 3, 5, 8

Pediatric Study: Half-life (t1/2) Observed for ABT-414

Intervention	ng*h/mL (Mean)
ABT-414_ Pediatric	14.1

Half-life is the calculated time it takes for half of the drug to leave the body. (NCT02343406)
Timeframe: Samples collected Cycle 1 Days 1, 2,3,5,8,15; Cycle 2 Day 1; Cycle 3 Day 1; Cycle 5 Day 1; Day 1 of every two cycles starting with Cycle 5; and 35 days after the last dose

Pediatric Study: Half-life (t1/2) Observed for Cys-mcMMAF

Intervention	days (Mean)
ABT-414_ Pediatric	9.0

Half-life is the calculated time it takes for half of the drug or drug metabolite to leave the body. CysmcMMAF is a toxic metabolite of depatuxizumab mafodotin. (NCT02343406)
Timeframe: Samples collected Cycle 1 Days 1, 2, 3, 5, 8

Pediatric Study: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Cys-mcMMAF

Intervention	days (Mean)
ABT-414_ Pediatric	11.2

Cmax is the peak concentration that a drug or drug metabolite achieves in a specified compartment after the drug has been administrated and before administration of a second dose. Cys-mcMMAF is a toxic metabolite of depatuxizumab mafodotin. (NCT02343406)
Timeframe: Samples collected Cycle 1 Days 1, 2, 3, 5, 8

Pediatric Study: Maximum Observed Serum Concentration (Cmax) of ABT-414

Intervention	ng/mL (Mean)
ABT-414_ Pediatric	0.272

Cmax is the peak concentration that a drug achieves in a specified compartment after the drug has been administrated and before administration of a second dose. (NCT02343406)
Timeframe: Samples collected Cycle 1 Days 1, 2,3,5,8,15; Cycle 2 Day 1; Cycle 3 Day 1; Cycle 5 Day 1; Day 1 of every two cycles starting with Cycle 5; and 35 days after the last dose

Pediatric Study: Percentage of Participants With Adverse Events From the First Visit Until 49 Days After the Last Dose of Study Drug

Intervention	µg/mL (Mean)
ABT-414_ Pediatric	31.4

The severity of each adverse event was rated according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI CTCAE Version 4.0) (NCT02343406)
Timeframe: From participant's first visit until 49 days after the participant's last dose of study drug, up to 63 weeks

Adult Study: Overall Survival (OS)

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
ABT-414_ Pediatric	100

Overall Survival (OS) was defined as time from randomization to death due to any cause, regardless of whether the event occurred on or off study drug (depatuxizumab mafodotin/temozolomide/lomustine). (NCT02343406)
Timeframe: From the date of randomization up to the date of participant's death; participants who completed treatment were to be assessed every 12 weeks, up to 28 months.

Adult Study: Overall Survival in the Subgroup With Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFRvIII) Mutation

Intervention	months (Number)
	25th quartile	50th quartile	75th quartile
ABT-414_adult	4.6	7.9	15.5
ABT-414/Temozolomide	5.7	9.6	16.9
Control (Temozolomide/Lomustine)	4.9	8.2	12.6

Overall Survival (OS) was defined as time from randomization to death due to any cause, regardless of whether the event occurred on or off study drug (depatuxizumab mafodotin/temozolomide/lomustine) for all randomized participants that had the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFRvIII) mutation. (NCT02343406)
Timeframe: From the date of randomization up to the date of participant's death; participants who completed treatment were to be assessed every 12 weeks, up to 28 months

Adult Study: Progression-Free Survival (PFS)

Intervention	months (Number)
	25th quartile	50th quartile	75th quartile
ABT-414_adult	5.0	8.4	13.9
ABT-414/Temozolomide	6.3	9.4	14.4
Control (Temozolomide/Lomustine)	4.7	7.5	12.4

Progression-free survival was assessed per response assessment in neuro-oncology criteria (RANO) criteria and assessed by an independent review committee and was defined as the length of time during and after the treatment of a disease, that the participant lived with the disease but did not get worse. (NCT02343406)
Timeframe: Measured every 8 weeks from date of randomization until the date of first objective progression or subject's death, whichever occurred first, up to 2 years

Objective Response Rate (ORR) for Cohort 2

Intervention	months (Number)
	25th quartile	50th quartile	75th quartile
ABT-414_adult	1.5	1.9	3.5
ABT-414/Temozolomide	1.8	2.7	4.9
Control (Temozolomide/Lomustine)	1.6	1.9	4.2

"ORR was measured by the percentage of participants whose best overall response (BOR) is confirmed Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR) divided by response evaluable participants. The best overall response (BOR) is determined once all the data for the participant is known. BOR is defined as the best response designation, as determined by investigators, recorded between the date of randomization and the date of objectively documented progression per RANO criteria, the date of subsequent therapy, or date of surgical resection, whichever occurs first.~Confidence interval based on the Clopper and Pearson method. For the comparison of the odds ratio of Nivolumab over Bevacizumab, the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel (CMH) method of weighting was utilized." (NCT02017717)
Timeframe: Time from randomization to the date of the first documented tumor progression or death due to any cause (up to approximately 31 months)

Overall Survival (OS) at 12 Months for Cohort 2

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
Cohort 2: Arm N3	7.8
Cohort 2: Arm B	23.1

OS(12) is measured as the percentage of participants alive at 12 months per Kaplan-Meier curve of OS. Z test with variance estimation based on Greenwood formula using log(-log) transformation. (NCT02017717)
Timeframe: From randomization to 12 months following randomization

Overall Survival (OS) for Cohort 2

Intervention	Percentage of Participants (Number)
Cohort 2: Arm N3	41.8
Cohort 2: Arm B	42.4

"OS was measured in months from the time of randomization to the event date (death) due to any cause. A participant who has not died will be censored at the last known alive date.~Based on Kaplan-Meier Estimates. Hazard ratio from Cox proportional hazard model stratified by presence of measurable lesions at baseline per IVRS. P-value from log-rank test stratified by presence of measurable lesions at baseline per IVRS." (NCT02017717)
Timeframe: Time between the date of randomization and the date of death due to any cause (up to 17Jun2019, approximately 5 years)

Overall Survival (OS) for Cohorts 1c and 1d

Intervention	Months (Median)
Cohort 2: Arm N3	9.77
Cohort 2: Arm B	10.05

"OS was measured in months from the time of randomization (Part B) or time of treatment (Part A) to the event date (death) due to any cause. A participant who has not died will be censored at the last known alive date.~Based on Kaplan-Meier Estimates." (NCT02017717)
Timeframe: Time between the date of randomization and the date of death due to any cause (up to 17Jun2019, approximately 5 years)

Progression Free Survival (PFS) for Cohort 2

Intervention	Months (Median)
Part A Cohort 1c: Arm N3+RT+TMZ	22.08
Part A Cohort 1d: Arm N3+RT	14.41
Part B Cohort 1c: Arm N3+RT+TMZ	15.95
Part B Cohort 1d: Arm N3+RT	13.96

PFS was measured in months from the time of randomization to the date of the first documented tumor progression or death due to any cause. Based on Kaplan-Meier Estimates. Hazard ratio from Cox proportional hazard model stratified by presence of measurable lesions at baseline per IVRS. (NCT02017717)
Timeframe: Time from randomization to the date of the first documented tumor progression or death due to any cause (up to 17Jun2019, approximately 5 years)

Percentage of Participants With Adverse Events (Worst Grade) in Cohorts 1, 1b, 1c and 1d

Intervention	Months (Median)
Cohort 2: Arm N3	1.51
Cohort 2: Arm B	3.61

The percentage of participants who experienced an adverse event by worst grade in each treatment arm. Toxicities were graded using the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0. MedDRA Version: 24.1 (NCT02017717)
Timeframe: From first dose to 30 days post last dose (up to approximately 34 months).

Percentage of Participants With Drug-Related Adverse Events Leading to Discontinuation by Worst CTC Grade for All Treated Participants in Cohorts 1, 1b, 1c and 1d Who Permanently Discontinued Study Medication Prior to Completing Four Doses

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
	Grade 1	Grade 2	Grade 3	Grade 4	Grade 5
Cohort 1: Arm N1+I3	0	10.0	70.0	20.0	0
Cohort 1: Arm N3	20.0	30.0	40.0	10.0	0
Cohort 1b: Arm N3+I1	5.0	25.0	50.0	20.0	0
Part A Cohort 1c: Arm N3+RT+TMZ	6.5	12.9	58.1	22.6	0
Part A Cohort 1d: Arm N3+RT	13.3	26.7	33.3	20.0	3.3
Part B Cohort 1c: Arm N3+RT+TMZ	3.6	28.6	50.0	10.7	3.6
Part B Cohort 1d: Arm N3+RT	17.9	25.0	35.7	21.4	0

The percentage of participants who experienced a drug-related adverse event leading to drug discontinuation by worst grade (grade 5 being the worst) prior to complete four-dose treatment. Toxicities were graded using the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0. MedDRA Version: 24.1 (NCT02017717)
Timeframe: Includes events reported between first dose and 30 days after last dose of study therapy (up to 3 doses, up to approximately 2 months)

Percentage of Participants With Serious Adverse Events (Worst Grade) in Cohorts 1, 1b, 1c and 1d

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
	Grade 1	Grade 2	Grade 3	Grade 4	Grade 5
Cohort 1: Arm N1+I3	0	0	16.7	33.3	0
Cohort 1: Arm N3	0	0	0	0	0
Cohort 1b: Arm N3+I1	0	0	0	0	0
Part A Cohort 1c: Arm N3+RT+TMZ	0	0	66.7	0	0
Part A Cohort 1d: Arm N3+RT	0	0	0	0	0
Part B Cohort 1c: Arm N3+RT+TMZ	0	0	0	0	0
Part B Cohort 1d: Arm N3+RT	0	0	50.0	0	0

The percentage of participants who experienced a serious adverse event by worst grade in each treatment arm. Toxicities were graded using the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0. MedDRA Version: 24.1 (NCT02017717)
Timeframe: From first dose to 30 days post last dose (up to approximately 34 months).

Percentage of Participants With Specific Laboratory Abnormalities in Liver Tests in Cohorts 1, 1b, 1c and 1d

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
	Grade 1	Grade 2	Grade 3	Grade 4	Grade 5
Cohort 1: Arm N1+I3	0	0	60.0	20.0	0
Cohort 1: Arm N3	0	10.0	40.0	0	0
Cohort 1b: Arm N3+I1	0	5.0	35.0	15.0	0
Part A Cohort 1c: Arm N3+RT+TMZ	3.2	0	45.2	16.1	0
Part A Cohort 1d: Arm N3+RT	0	16.7	16.7	16.7	3.3
Part B Cohort 1c: Arm N3+RT+TMZ	0	3.6	35.7	3.6	3.6
Part B Cohort 1d: Arm N3+RT	0	10.7	32.1	14.3	0

"The percentage of participants who experienced a laboratory abnormality of the liver in each treatment arm.~MedDRA Version: 24.1~Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) Upper Limit of Normal (ULN) Denominator corresponds to participants with at least on one treatment measurement of the corresponding laboratory parameter. Includes laboratory results reported after the first dose and within 30 days of last dose of study therapy." (NCT02017717)
Timeframe: From first dose to 30 days post last dose (up to approximately 34 months).

Percentage of Participants With Specific Laboratory Abnormalities in Thyroid Tests in Cohorts 1, 1b, 1c and 1d

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
	ALT OR AST > 3*ULN	ALT OR AST > 5*ULN	ALT OR AST > 10*ULN	ALT OR AST > 20*ULN	TOTAL BILIRUBIN (Tbili) > 2*ULN	ALP > 1.5*ULN	ALT or AST > 3xULN w/ Tbili > 1.5*ULN within 1 day	ALT or AST > 3ULN w/ Tbili > 1.5ULN within 30 days	ALT or AST > 3xULN w/ Tbili > 2*ULN within 1 day	ALT or AST > 3ULN w/ Tbili > 2ULN within 30 days
Cohort 1: Arm N1+I3	30.0	20.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0	10.0
Cohort 1: Arm N3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cohort 1b: Arm N3+I1	15.8	10.5	5.3	5.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Part A Cohort 1c: Arm N3+RT+TMZ	22.6	12.9	6.5	3.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Part A Cohort 1d: Arm N3+RT	10.0	3.3	3.3	3.3	0.0	3.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Part B Cohort 1c: Arm N3+RT+TMZ	18.5	11.1	3.7	0.0	7.4	0.0	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.7
Part B Cohort 1d: Arm N3+RT	14.8	3.7	3.7	3.7	0.0	3.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

"The percentage of participants who experienced a laboratory abnormality of the thyroid in each treatment arm.~MedDRA Version: 24.1~Free T3 (FT3) Free T4 (FT4) Lower Limit of Normal (LLN)~(A) Within a 2-week window after the abnormal TSH test date. (B) Includes participants with TSH abnormality and with no FT3/FT4 test values in the 2-week window or with non-abnormal value(s) from only one of the two tests and no value from the other test." (NCT02017717)
Timeframe: From first dose to 30 days post last dose (up to approximately 34 months).

Alive and Progression Free Rate at 6 Months (APF6)

Intervention	Percentage of participants (Number)
	TSH > ULN	TSH > ULN, WITH TSH <= ULN AT BASELINE	TSH > ULN, WITH AT LEAST ONE FT3/FT4 TEST < LLN	TSH > ULN, WITH ALL OTHER FT3/FT4 TEST >= LLN	TSH > ULN, WITH FT3/FT4 TEST MISSING	TSH < LLN	TSH < LLN, WITH TSH >= LLN AT BASELINE	TSHULN	TSH < LLN, WITH ALL OTHER FT3/FT4 TEST <= ULN	TSH < LLN, WITH FT3/FT4 TEST MISSING
Cohort 1: Arm N1+I3	20.0	20.0	20.0	0.0	0.0	60.0	60.0	30.0	20.0	10.0
Cohort 1: Arm N3	50.0	30.0	30.0	10.0	10.0	30.0	30.0	10.0	20.0	0.0
Cohort 1b: Arm N3+I1	10.5	10.5	10.5	0.0	0.0	31.6	31.6	15.8	10.5	5.3
Part A Cohort 1c: Arm N3+RT+TMZ	23.3	20.0	13.3	6.7	3.3	43.3	33.3	10.0	30.0	3.3
Part A Cohort 1d: Arm N3+RT	16.7	16.7	13.3	0.0	3.3	40.0	40.0	13.3	16.7	10.0
Part B Cohort 1c: Arm N3+RT+TMZ	11.1	11.1	7.4	3.7	0.0	22.2	18.5	11.1	11.1	0.0
Part B Cohort 1d: Arm N3+RT	7.4	7.4	0.0	7.4	0.0	33.3	18.5	0.0	29.6	3.7

Proportion of patients alive and progression free at 6 months (based on central review) as estimated from Kaplan-Meier techniques. Values are percentages. (NCT00777153)
Timeframe: 6 Months

Daily Steroid Dose

Intervention	% of patients alive and progression free (Number)
Cediranib 30mg	16.2
Cediranib 20mg + Lomustine 100mg	34.5
Lomustine 100mg	24.5

The mean steroid dosage prior to treatment will be considered as the patient's baseline. The percent change in average daily steroid dosage from baseline is calculated by following formula: PC = (md - bm)/bm*100; where PC is the percent change in average daily steroid dosage from baseline; md the mean daily steroid dosage recorded from the first day of therapy to progression; and bm the baseline mean. (NCT00777153)
Timeframe: Baseline to the date of first documented progression or date of death or study discontinuation, whichever came first, assed up to 2014-April-25

Overall Survival (OS)

Intervention	percentage of change (Number)
Cediranib 30mg	-17.6
Cediranib 20mg + Lomustine 110mg	-1.8
Lomustine 110mg	36.6

Number of months from randomisation to the date of death from any cause (NCT00777153)
Timeframe: Baseline through to date of death up to 25th April 2010

Progression Free Survival (PFS)

Intervention	Months (Median)
Cediranib 30mg	8.0
Cediranib 20mg + Lomustine 110mg	9.4
Lomustine 110mg	9.8

"For patients with measurable disease at entry (at least one lesion that has a shortest diameter~≥10 mm at baseline on 2 axial slices), PFS will be defined as the earliest time that:~The sum of the products of the largest perpendicular diameters of contrast enhancement for all lesions has increased by a greater than or equal to 25% in comparison to the nadir scan as long as the shortest diameter is ≥15 mm. If the dose of steroids has been reduced within the 10 days prior to the scan being conducted, progression will be based on a follow-up scan performed after the dose of steroids has been stabilized for 10 days.~The patient has died from any cause.~A new lesion is detected that is outside the original tumor volume and has a shortest diameter ≥10 mm." (NCT00777153)
Timeframe: Baseline at 6 weeks and then every 6 weeks to discontinuation

Response Rate

Intervention	Days (Median)
Cediranib 30mg	92
Cediranib 20mg+ Lomustine 110mg	125
Lomustine 110mg	82

"An individual visit response of PR was defined as a greater than or equal to 50% reduction in the sum of the products of the largest perpendicular diameters of contrast enhancement for all lesions compared to baseline as long as the steroid dose has not been increased within the previous 10 days and no new lesions are present.~An individual visit response of CR was defined as the complete disappearance of all tumor on MRI scan." (NCT00777153)
Timeframe: Baseline at 6 weeks and then every 6 weeks to discontinuation

Steroid Free Days

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Cediranib 30mg	18
Cediranib 20mg + Lomustine 110mg	21
Lomustine 110mg	5

Number of days known not to have used any steroids prior to progression (NCT00777153)
Timeframe: Baseline to the date of first documented progression or date of death or study discontinuation, whichever came first, assessed up to 2014-April-25

Intervention	Days (Mean)
Cediranib 30mg	75.8
Cediranib 20mg + Lomustine 119mg	74.8
Lomustine 110mg	92.3

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Treatment options for progression or recurrence of glioblastoma: a network meta-analysis. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2021, 05-04, Volume: 5 Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Glioblastoma; Humans; Lomustine; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Network Meta-Analysis	2021
Objective response rate targets for recurrent glioblastoma clinical trials based on the historic association between objective response rate and median overall survival. Neuro-oncology, 2023, 06-02, Volume: 25, Issue:6 Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Antineoplastic Agents; Brain Neoplasms; Glioblastoma; Humans; Lomustine; Ne	2023
Advanced biomaterials for human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) drug delivery. Biomaterials science, 2023, Jun-13, Volume: 11, Issue:12 Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Bevacizumab; Glioblastoma; Humans; Lomustine; Temozolomide	2023
How did lomustine become standard of care in recurrent glioblastoma? Cancer treatment reviews, 2020, Volume: 87 Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Brain Neoplasms; Glioblastoma; Humans; Lomustine; Ne	2020
Anti-angiogenic therapy for high-grade glioma. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2018, 11-22, Volume: 11 Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antineoplastic Agents; Bevacizumab; Brai	2018
Antiangiogenic therapy for high-grade glioma. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2014, Sep-22, Issue:9 Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antineoplastic Agents; Bevacizumab; Brai	2014
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Article	Year
Thrombocytopenia limits the feasibility of salvage lomustine chemotherapy in recurrent glioblastoma: a secondary analysis of EORTC 26101. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990), 2023, Volume: 178 Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bevacizumab; Brain Neoplasms; Feasibility Studies; G	2023
Thrombocytopenia limits the feasibility of salvage lomustine chemotherapy in recurrent glioblastoma: a secondary analysis of EORTC 26101. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990), 2023, Volume: 178 Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bevacizumab; Brain Neoplasms; Feasibility Studies; G	2023
Thrombocytopenia limits the feasibility of salvage lomustine chemotherapy in recurrent glioblastoma: a secondary analysis of EORTC 26101. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990), 2023, Volume: 178 Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bevacizumab; Brain Neoplasms; Feasibility Studies; G	2023
Thrombocytopenia limits the feasibility of salvage lomustine chemotherapy in recurrent glioblastoma: a secondary analysis of EORTC 26101. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990), 2023, Volume: 178 Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bevacizumab; Brain Neoplasms; Feasibility Studies; G	2023
Thrombocytopenia limits the feasibility of salvage lomustine chemotherapy in recurrent glioblastoma: a secondary analysis of EORTC 26101. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990), 2023, Volume: 178 Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bevacizumab; Brain Neoplasms; Feasibility Studies; G	2023
Thrombocytopenia limits the feasibility of salvage lomustine chemotherapy in recurrent glioblastoma: a secondary analysis of EORTC 26101. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990), 2023, Volume: 178 Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bevacizumab; Brain Neoplasms; Feasibility Studies; G	2023
Thrombocytopenia limits the feasibility of salvage lomustine chemotherapy in recurrent glioblastoma: a secondary analysis of EORTC 26101. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990), 2023, Volume: 178 Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bevacizumab; Brain Neoplasms; Feasibility Studies; G	2023
Thrombocytopenia limits the feasibility of salvage lomustine chemotherapy in recurrent glioblastoma: a secondary analysis of EORTC 26101. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990), 2023, Volume: 178 Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bevacizumab; Brain Neoplasms; Feasibility Studies; G	2023
Thrombocytopenia limits the feasibility of salvage lomustine chemotherapy in recurrent glioblastoma: a secondary analysis of EORTC 26101. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990), 2023, Volume: 178 Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bevacizumab; Brain Neoplasms; Feasibility Studies; G	2023
Patterns, predictors and prognostic relevance of high-grade hematotoxicity after temozolomide or temozolomide-lomustine in the CeTeG/NOA-09 trial. Journal of neuro-oncology, 2023, Volume: 161, Issue:1 Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Brain Neoplasms; Dacarbazine; Female; Glioblastoma; Humans; Lomus	2023
Prognostic Markers of DNA Methylation and Next-Generation Sequencing in Progressive Glioblastoma from the EORTC-26101 Trial. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2023, 10-02, Volume: 29, Issue:19 Topics: Bevacizumab; Biomarkers; Brain Neoplasms; DNA Methylation; DNA Modification Methylases; DNA Repair E	2023
INTELLANCE 2/EORTC 1410 randomized phase II study of Depatux-M alone and with temozolomide vs temozolomide or lomustine in recurrent EGFR amplified glioblastoma. Neuro-oncology, 2020, 05-15, Volume: 22, Issue:5 Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Brain Neoplasms; ErbB Receptor	2020
Phosphorylated Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Is Associated with Clinical Benefit with Regorafenib in Relapsed Glioblastoma: REGOMA Trial Biomarker Analysis. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2020, 09-01, Volume: 26, Issue:17 Topics: Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase; Biomarkers, Tumor; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Female; G	2020
Buparlisib plus carboplatin or lomustine in patients with recurrent glioblastoma: a phase Ib/II, open-label, multicentre, randomised study. ESMO open, 2020, Volume: 5, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Aminopyridines; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bayes Theorem; Carboplatin; Fe	2020
Noninvasive Characterization of Tumor Angiogenesis and Oxygenation in Bevacizumab-treated Recurrent Glioblastoma by Using Dynamic Susceptibility MRI: Secondary Analysis of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer 26101 Trial. Radiology, 2020, Volume: 297, Issue:1 Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Bevacizumab; Brain Neoplasms; Contrast M	2020
MGMT promoter methylation analysis for allocating combined CCNU/TMZ chemotherapy: Lessons learned from the CeTeG/NOA-09 trial. International journal of cancer, 2021, 04-01, Volume: 148, Issue:7 Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Biomarkers, Tumor	2021
Patient-reported outcomes in a phase II randomised study of regorafenib compared with lomustine in patients with relapsed glioblastoma (the REGOMA trial). European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990), 2021, Volume: 155 Topics: Aged; Female; Glioblastoma; Humans; Lomustine; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Reported Outcome Measures;	2021
Biomarker and Histopathology Evaluation of Patients with Recurrent Glioblastoma Treated with Galunisertib, Lomustine, or the Combination of Galunisertib and Lomustine. International journal of molecular sciences, 2017, May-06, Volume: 18, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Biomarkers, Tumor; CD4-CD8 Ratio; Cytokines;	2017
Randomized phase II trial comparing axitinib with the combination of axitinib and lomustine in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Journal of neuro-oncology, 2018, Volume: 136, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating	2018
Lomustine and Bevacizumab in Progressive Glioblastoma. The New England journal of medicine, 2017, 11-16, Volume: 377, Issue:20 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Antineoplastic Combined Chemother	2017
Lomustine and Bevacizumab in Progressive Glioblastoma. The New England journal of medicine, 2017, 11-16, Volume: 377, Issue:20 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Antineoplastic Combined Chemother	2017
Lomustine and Bevacizumab in Progressive Glioblastoma. The New England journal of medicine, 2017, 11-16, Volume: 377, Issue:20 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Antineoplastic Combined Chemother	2017
Lomustine and Bevacizumab in Progressive Glioblastoma. The New England journal of medicine, 2017, 11-16, Volume: 377, Issue:20 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Antineoplastic Combined Chemother	2017
Early treatment response evaluation using FET PET compared to MRI in glioblastoma patients at first progression treated with bevacizumab plus lomustine. European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, 2018, Volume: 45, Issue:13 Topics: Adult; Aged; Bevacizumab; Disease Progression; Drug Interactions; Female; Glioblastoma; Humans; Lomu	2018
Regorafenib compared with lomustine in patients with relapsed glioblastoma (REGOMA): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial. The Lancet. Oncology, 2019, Volume: 20, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Female; Glioblastoma; Humans; Lomu	2019
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Phase III randomized trial comparing the efficacy of cediranib as monotherapy, and in combination with lomustine, versus lomustine alone in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2013, Sep-10, Volume: 31, Issue:26 Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Brain Neoplasms; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glioblas	2013
Phase III randomized trial comparing the efficacy of cediranib as monotherapy, and in combination with lomustine, versus lomustine alone in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2013, Sep-10, Volume: 31, Issue:26 Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Brain Neoplasms; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glioblas	2013
Phase III randomized trial comparing the efficacy of cediranib as monotherapy, and in combination with lomustine, versus lomustine alone in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2013, Sep-10, Volume: 31, Issue:26 Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Brain Neoplasms; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glioblas	2013
Single-agent bevacizumab or lomustine versus a combination of bevacizumab plus lomustine in patients with recurrent glioblastoma (BELOB trial): a randomised controlled phase 2 trial. The Lancet. Oncology, 2014, Volume: 15, Issue:9 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Bevacizumab; Brain Neopl	2014
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Single-agent bevacizumab or lomustine versus a combination of bevacizumab plus lomustine in patients with recurrent glioblastoma (BELOB trial): a randomised controlled phase 2 trial. The Lancet. Oncology, 2014, Volume: 15, Issue:9 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Bevacizumab; Brain Neopl	2014
Single-agent bevacizumab or lomustine versus a combination of bevacizumab plus lomustine in patients with recurrent glioblastoma (BELOB trial): a randomised controlled phase 2 trial. The Lancet. Oncology, 2014, Volume: 15, Issue:9 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Bevacizumab; Brain Neopl	2014
The impact of bevacizumab on health-related quality of life in patients treated for recurrent glioblastoma: results of the randomised controlled phase 2 BELOB trial. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990), 2015, Volume: 51, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Aged; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antineoplastic Combined Che	2015
Prognostic value and kinetics of circulating endothelial cells in patients with recurrent glioblastoma randomised to bevacizumab plus lomustine, bevacizumab single agent or lomustine single agent. A report from the Dutch Neuro-Oncology Group BELOB trial. British journal of cancer, 2015, Jul-14, Volume: 113, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antigens, CD; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy P	2015
Identification of Patients with Recurrent Glioblastoma Who May Benefit from Combined Bevacizumab and CCNU Therapy: A Report from the BELOB Trial. Cancer research, 2016, Feb-01, Volume: 76, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bevacizumab; B	2016
A Phase II randomized study of galunisertib monotherapy or galunisertib plus lomustine compared with lomustine monotherapy in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Neuro-oncology, 2016, Volume: 18, Issue:8 Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Brain Neoplasms; Disease-Free Survival; Drug Therapy, Combination	2016
Randomized phase II study of axitinib versus physicians best alternative choice of therapy in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Journal of neuro-oncology, 2016, Volume: 128, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Axitinib; Bevacizumab; Brai	2016
A randomized phase II trial of standard dose bevacizumab versus low dose bevacizumab plus lomustine (CCNU) in adults with recurrent glioblastoma. Journal of neuro-oncology, 2016, Volume: 129, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents; Bevacizumab; Brain Neoplasms; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug;	2016
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CCNU-chemotherapy of hemispheric supratentorial glioblastoma multiforme. Cancer, 1980, Mar-15, Volume: 45, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bone Marrow; Brain Neoplasms; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Glioblastom	1980
Adjuvant chemotherapy with VM 26 and CCNU after operation and radiotherapy of high-grade supratentorial astrocytomas. Surgical neurology, 1980, Volume: 13, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Brain Neoplasms; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glioblastoma; Humans; Lomustine; Ma	1980
Combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy with dibromodulcitol and CCNU in the postoperative treatment of malignant gliomas. Journal of neurosurgery, 1983, Volume: 59, Issue:1 Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glioblastoma; Humans; Lomustine; Mitolactol; Nitrosourea	1983
Phase II study of accelerated fractionation radiation therapy with carboplatin followed by vincristine chemotherapy for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 1995, Sep-30, Volume: 33, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Brain Neoplasms; Carboplatin; Chemother	1995
Radiation therapy and bromodeoxyuridine chemotherapy followed by procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine for the treatment of anaplastic gliomas. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 1995, Apr-30, Volume: 32, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Astrocytoma; Brain Neoplasm	1995
Randomized phase III trial in childhood high-grade astrocytoma comparing vincristine, lomustine, and prednisone with the eight-drugs-in-1-day regimen. Childrens Cancer Group. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 1995, Volume: 13, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Astrocytoma; Brain Neoplasms; Che	1995
A phase II trial of high-dose bromodeoxyuridine with accelerated fractionation radiotherapy followed by procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine for glioblastoma multiforme. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 1999, Aug-01, Volume: 45, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Brain	1999
Phase III randomized study of postradiotherapy chemotherapy with alpha-difluoromethylornithine-procarbazine, N-(2-chloroethyl)-N'-cyclohexyl-N-nitrosurea, vincristine (DFMO-PCV) versus PCV for glioblastoma multiforme. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2000, Volume: 6, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Brain Neoplasms; Cisplatin;	2000
Randomized trial of procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine in the adjuvant treatment of high-grade astrocytoma: a Medical Research Council trial. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2001, Jan-15, Volume: 19, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Astrocytoma; Central Nervous System Neo	2001
[Therapeutic effect on glioblastoma of chemotherapy on the basis of brain irradiation]. Zhonghua zhong liu za zhi [Chinese journal of oncology], 2001, Volume: 23, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Carmustine; Chil	2001
Controlled study of CCNU and radiation therapy in malignant astrocytoma. Journal of neurosurgery, 1976, Volume: 44, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Brain Neoplasms; Digestive System; Drug Evaluation; Glioblastoma; Hematopoiesis; Humans	1976
Controlled study with BCNU vs. CCNU as adjuvant chemotherapy following surgery plus radiotherapy for glioblastoma multiforme. Cancer clinical trials, 1979,Spring, Volume: 2, Issue:1 Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Carmustine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Glioblastoma; Humans; Lomustine; Male	1979
Radiation plus adjuvant CCNU (1-[2-chloroethyl]-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea) vs CCNU, hpydroxyurea and vincristine in the treatment of malignant glioma. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 1979, Volume: 5, Issue:9 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bone Marrow; Brain Neoplasms; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Therapy, Combi	1979
Efficacy of '8-drugs-in-one-day' combination in treatment of recurrent GBM patients. Journal of neuro-oncology, 1992, Volume: 12, Issue:2 Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Central Nervous System Neoplasms; Glioblastoma; Huma	1992
Advantage of post-radiotherapy chemotherapy with CCNU, procarbazine, and vincristine (mPCV) over chemotherapy with VM-26 and CCNU for malignant gliomas. Journal of chemotherapy (Florence, Italy), 1992, Volume: 4, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Astrocytoma; Brain Neoplasms; Combined	1992
Increasing radiation dose intensity using hyperfractionation in patients with malignant glioma. Final report of a prospective phase I-II dose response study. Journal of neuro-oncology, 1992, Volume: 14, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Astrocytoma; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Cobalt Radioisotopes; Com	1992
External irradiation followed by an interstitial high activity iodine-125 implant "boost" in the initial treatment of malignant gliomas: NCOG study 6G-82-2. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 1991, Volume: 21, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Brachytherapy; Brain Neoplasms; Combine	1991
Evaluation of bromodeoxyuridine in glioblastoma multiforme: a Northern California Cancer Center Phase II study. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 1991, Volume: 21, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Brain Neoplasms; Bro	1991
Superiority of post-radiotherapy adjuvant chemotherapy with CCNU, procarbazine, and vincristine (PCV) over BCNU for anaplastic gliomas: NCOG 6G61 final report. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 1990, Volume: 18, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Brain Neoplasms; Carmustine; Combined M	1990
A randomized study of CCNU with and without benznidazole in the treatment of recurrent grades 3 and 4 astrocytoma. Report to the Medical Research Council by the Brain Tumor Working Party. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 1989, Volume: 16, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain Neoplasms; Clinical Trials as Topic; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blin	1989
The effectiveness of chemotherapy for treatment of high grade astrocytoma in children: results of a randomized trial. A report from the Childrens Cancer Study Group. Journal of neuro-oncology, 1989, Volume: 7, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Astrocytoma; Brain Neoplasms; Chi	1989
Combined modality treatment of operated astrocytomas grade 3 and 4. A prospective and randomized study of misonidazole and radiotherapy with two different radiation schedules and subsequent CCNU chemotherapy. Stage II of a prospective multicenter trial of Cancer, 1985, Jul-01, Volume: 56, Issue:1 Topics: Actuarial Analysis; Adult; Aged; Brain Neoplasms; Clinical Trials as Topic; Combined Modality Therap	1985
Phase III comparison of BCNU and the combination of procarbazine, CCNU, and vincristine administered after radiotherapy with hydroxyurea for malignant gliomas. Journal of neurosurgery, 1985, Volume: 63, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Carmustine; Clinical Trials as Topic; C	1985
Long-term survival and recurrence-free interval in combined surgical, radio- and chemotherapy of malignant brain gliomas. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery, 1985, Volume: 87, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Brain Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Clinical Trials as Topic; Combine	1985

Article	Year
New Protocol-Guided Exploitation of a Lysosomal Sulfatase Inhibitor to Suppress Cell Growth in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2021, 06-24, Volume: 64, Issue:12 Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Enzyme Inhibitors; Fluorescent Dyes; Gl	2021
Lomustine and nimustine exert efficient antitumor effects against glioblastoma models with acquired temozolomide resistance. Cancer science, 2021, Volume: 112, Issue:11 Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Brain Neoplasms; DNA Modification Methylases; DNA Repair Enzymes; Dr	2021
Viability fingerprint of glioblastoma cell lines: roles of mitotic, proliferative, and epigenetic targets. Scientific reports, 2021, 10-13, Volume: 11, Issue:1 Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Azacitidine; Brain Neoplasms; Cell Cycle; Cell Line,	2021
Abrogation of Cellular Senescence Induced by Temozolomide in Glioblastoma Cells: Search for Senolytics. Cells, 2022, 08-19, Volume: 11, Issue:16 Topics: Artesunate; Cellular Senescence; Curcumin; Glioblastoma; Humans; Lomustine; Neoplasm Recurrence, Loc	2022
Current therapeutic options for glioblastoma and future perspectives. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2022, Volume: 23, Issue:14 Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Bevacizumab; Brain Neoplasms; Combined Modality Therapy; Glioblas	2022
Exploration of biomedical knowledge for recurrent glioblastoma using natural language processing deep learning models. BMC medical informatics and decision making, 2022, 10-13, Volume: 22, Issue:1 Topics: Bevacizumab; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Deep Learning; Glioblastoma; Humans; Lomusti	2022
CRISPR/Cas9-induced knockout reveals the role of ABCB1 in the response to temozolomide, carmustine and lomustine in glioblastoma multiforme. Pharmacological research, 2022, Volume: 185 Topics: ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member	2022
Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) increase the effectiveness of temozolomide and lomustine in glioblastoma cell lines. Journal of neuro-oncology, 2023, Volume: 163, Issue:1 Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Brain Neoplasms; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; DNA Modification Me	2023
Targeted delivery of tumor necrosis factor in combination with CCNU induces a T cell-dependent regression of glioblastoma. Science translational medicine, 2023, 05-24, Volume: 15, Issue:697 Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Glioblastoma; Lomustine; Mice; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; T-Lympho	2023
Undetected pseudoprogressions in the CeTeG/NOA-09 trial: hints from postprogression survival and MRI analyses. Journal of neuro-oncology, 2023, Volume: 164, Issue:3 Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Brain Neoplasms; Dacarbazine; Glioblastoma; Humans; Lomustine; Ma	2023
Pediatric glioblastoma in the setting of constitutional mismatch-repair deficiency treated with upfront lomustine and nivolumab. Pediatric blood & cancer, 2024, Volume: 71, Issue:1 Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Child; Colorectal Neoplasms; Glioblastoma; Humans; Lomustine; Nivolumab	2024
Craniotomy for recurrent glioblastoma: Is it justified? A comparative cohort study with outcomes over 10 years. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery, 2020, Volume: 188 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Antineoplastic Agents, Immu	2020
Tumour Treating Fields (TTFields) in combination with lomustine and temozolomide in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology, 2020, Volume: 146, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Brain Neoplasms; Chemoradiotherapy; Com	2020
A troublesome burden, the amplification of EGFR in glioblastoma! Neuro-oncology, 2020, 05-15, Volume: 22, Issue:5 Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Brain Neoplasms; ErbB Receptors; Glioblastoma; Humans; Lomustine;	2020
Diagnosis of Pseudoprogression Following Lomustine-Temozolomide Chemoradiation in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Patients Using FET-PET. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2021, 07-01, Volume: 27, Issue:13 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Brai	2021
Increased infiltration of CD8 T cells in recurrent glioblastoma patients is a useful biomarker for assessing the response to combined bevacizumab and lomustine therapy. International immunopharmacology, 2021, Volume: 97 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bevacizu	2021
Combination chemotherapy versus temozolomide for patients with methylated MGMT (m-MGMT) glioblastoma: results of computational biological modeling to predict the magnitude of treatment benefit. Journal of neuro-oncology, 2021, Volume: 153, Issue:3 Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Artificial Intell	2021
Acquired temozolomide resistance in human glioblastoma cell line U251 is caused by mismatch repair deficiency and can be overcome by lomustine. Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico, 2018, Volume: 20, Issue:4 Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Cell Line, Tumor; Dacarbazine; DNA Mismatch Repair; Drug Resistan	2018
Treatment of a glioblastoma multiforme dural metastasis with stereotactic radiosurgery: A case report and select review of the literature. Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia, 2018, Volume: 48 Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Combined Modality Therapy; Craniotomy; Dura Mater; Fa	2018
Targeting glioma stem-like cell survival and chemoresistance through inhibition of lysine-specific histone demethylase KDM2B. Molecular oncology, 2018, Volume: 12, Issue:3 Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Astrocytes; Brain Neoplasms; Cell Line; DNA Damage; Drug Resistanc	2018
Achievable Central Nervous System Concentrations of the Green Tea Catechin EGCG Induce Stress in Glioblastoma Cells in Vitro. Nutrition and cancer, 2018, Volume: 70, Issue:7 Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Brain Neoplasms; Catechin; Cen	2018
OIP5 Expression Sensitize Glioblastoma Cells to Lomustine Treatment. Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN, 2018, Volume: 66, Issue:3 Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Brain Neoplasms; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cell Line, Tumor; Chromosom	2018
Drug development for glioma: are we repeating the same mistakes? The Lancet. Oncology, 2019, Volume: 20, Issue:1 Topics: Drug Development; Glioblastoma; Glioma; Humans; Lomustine; Phenylurea Compounds; Pyridines	2019
High-Density Lipoprotein-Mimicking Nanodiscs for Chemo-immunotherapy against Glioblastoma Multiforme. ACS nano, 2019, 02-26, Volume: 13, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Docetaxel; Drug Delivery Systems; Female; Flow Cytome	2019
Improving survival in molecularly selected glioblastoma. Lancet (London, England), 2019, 02-16, Volume: 393, Issue:10172 Topics: Adult; Brain Neoplasms; Combined Modality Therapy; DNA Modification Methylases; DNA Repair Enzymes;	2019
Lomustine-temozolomide combination efficacious in newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Nature reviews. Clinical oncology, 2019, Volume: 16, Issue:5 Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; DNA Methylation; DNA Modification Methylases;	2019
A Real-World Claims Analysis of Costs and Patterns of Care in Treated Patients with Glioblastoma Multiforme in the United States. Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy, 2019, Volume: 25, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bevacizumab; Brain Neoplasm	2019
Imaging necrosis during treatment is associated with worse survival in EORTC 26101 study. Neurology, 2019, 06-11, Volume: 92, Issue:24 Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Bevacizumab; Brain Neoplasms; Clinical T	2019
[Lomustine and temozolomide in combination with radiotherapy : New treatment option for patients with MGMT promoter methylated Glioblastoma]. Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al], 2019, Volume: 195, Issue:9 Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Dacarbazine; DNA Modification Methylases; DNA Repair Enzymes; Gli	2019
Addition of lomustine for bevacizumab-refractory recurrent glioblastoma. Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden), 2014, Volume: 53, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemo	2014
Retrospective study of carmustine or lomustine with bevacizumab in recurrent glioblastoma patients who have failed prior bevacizumab. Neuro-oncology, 2014, Volume: 16, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Beva	2014
Renewing interest in targeting angiogenesis in glioblastoma. The Lancet. Oncology, 2014, Volume: 15, Issue:9 Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Bevacizumab; Brain Neoplasms; Female; Glioblastoma; Humans; Lomus	2014
CNS cancer: it takes two to tango. Nature reviews. Clinical oncology, 2014, Volume: 11, Issue:9 Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Bevacizumab; Brain Neoplasms; Female; Glioblastoma; Humans; Lomus	2014
Neuro-oncology: It takes two to tango. Nature reviews. Neurology, 2014, Volume: 10, Issue:9 Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Brain Neoplasms; Female; Glioblastoma; Humans; Lomustine; Male; N	2014
Bevacizumab alone or in combination with chemotherapy in glioblastomas? The Lancet. Oncology, 2014, Volume: 15, Issue:11 Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Brain Neoplasms; Female; Glioblastoma; Humans; Lomustine; Male; N	2014
Bevacizumab alone or in combination with chemotherapy in glioblastomas?--authors' reply. The Lancet. Oncology, 2014, Volume: 15, Issue:11 Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Brain Neoplasms; Female; Glioblastoma; Humans; Lomustine; Male; N	2014
Enhanced anticancer properties of lomustine in conjunction with docosahexaenoic acid in glioblastoma cell lines. Journal of neurosurgery, 2015, Volume: 122, Issue:3 Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Brain Neoplasms; Cell Cycle; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation;	2015
Clinical benefit in recurrent glioblastoma from adjuvant NovoTTF-100A and TCCC after temozolomide and bevacizumab failure: a preliminary observation. Cancer medicine, 2015, Volume: 4, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkyla	2015
Comparative efficacy of bevacizumab and PCV chemotherapy in recurrent glioblastoma. Clinical oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain)), 2015, Volume: 27, Issue:4 Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bevacizumab; Brain Neoplasms; Glioblastoma; Humans;	2015
The role of bevacizumab in recurrent glioblastoma: new insights from randomized trials. CNS oncology, 2015, Volume: 4, Issue:3 Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Brain Neoplasms; Female; Glioblastoma; Humans; Lomustine; Male; N	2015
Second-Line Chemotherapy in Recurrent Glioblastoma: A 2-Cohort Study. Oncology research and treatment, 2015, Volume: 38, Issue:7-8 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bevacizumab; Brain Neoplasms; Camptothe	2015
Progression-free and overall survival in patients with recurrent Glioblastoma multiforme treated with last-line bevacizumab versus bevacizumab/lomustine. Journal of neuro-oncology, 2016, Volume: 126, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bevacizumab; Brain Neoplasms; Female; Follow-	2016
High-grade glioma in children and adolescents: a single-center experience. Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery, 2016, Volume: 32, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Astro	2016
Singapore Cancer Network (SCAN) Guidelines for Systemic Therapy of High-Grade Glioma. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore, 2015, Volume: 44, Issue:10 Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Astrocytoma; Beva	2015
Lomustine Nanoparticles Enable Both Bone Marrow Sparing and High Brain Drug Levels - A Strategy for Brain Cancer Treatments. Pharmaceutical research, 2016, Volume: 33, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Bone Marrow; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; D	2016
Toca 511 plus 5-fluorocytosine in combination with lomustine shows chemotoxic and immunotherapeutic activity with no additive toxicity in rodent glioblastoma models. Neuro-oncology, 2016, Volume: 18, Issue:10 Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Brain Neoplasms; Cytosine Deaminase; Diseas	2016
Targeting Homologous Recombination by Pharmacological Inhibitors Enhances the Killing Response of Glioblastoma Cells Treated with Alkylating Drugs. Molecular cancer therapeutics, 2016, Volume: 15, Issue:11 Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Apoptosis; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Chromosome A	2016
Inhibition of histone deacetylases sensitizes glioblastoma cells to lomustine. Cellular oncology (Dordrecht), 2017, Volume: 40, Issue:1 Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Blotting, Western	2017
Myoinositol as a Biomarker in Recurrent Glioblastoma Treated with Bevacizumab: A 1H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study. PloS one, 2016, Volume: 11, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Aged; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Antineoplastic Agents; Bevacizumab; Biomarkers, Tumor; Brain N	2016
In vitro sensitivity testing of minimally passaged and uncultured gliomas with TRAIL and/or chemotherapy drugs. British journal of cancer, 2008, Jul-22, Volume: 99, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Astrocytes; Carb	2008
Long-term survival of patients with glioblastoma treated with radiotherapy and lomustine plus temozolomide. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2009, Mar-10, Volume: 27, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Combined Modality Therapy; Dacarbazine;	2009
Assessment of cetuximab efficacy by bioluminescence monitoring of intracranial glioblastoma xenograft in mouse. Journal of neuro-oncology, 2009, Volume: 95, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineopl	2009
Combination of 6-thioguanine, capecitabine, and celecoxib with temozolomide or lomustine for recurrent high-grade glioma. Journal of neuro-oncology, 2011, Volume: 102, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Brain Neoplasms; Capecitabine; Celecoxi	2011
[Retrospective analysis of 24 recurrent glioblastoma after chemoradiation and treated with nitrosoureas or irinotecan and bevacizumab]. Bulletin du cancer, 2012, Feb-01, Volume: 99, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antineoplastic Combined Che	2012
Late and prolonged pseudoprogression in glioblastoma after treatment with lomustine and temozolomide. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012, Jul-20, Volume: 30, Issue:21 Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Brain Neoplasms;	2012
Interobserver variability in the radiological assessment of response to chemotherapy in glioma. Neurology, 2003, Mar-11, Volume: 60, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Astrocytoma; Brain Neoplasms; Carboplat	2003
Survival and prognostic factors of patients with unresectable glioblastoma multiforme. Anti-cancer drugs, 2003, Volume: 14, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Agents; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Glioblasto	2003
Survival improvement in patients with glioblastoma multiforme during the last 20 years in a single tertiary-care center. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 2003, Jun-24, Volume: 115, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating	2003
Combination chemotherapy with carmustine and cisplatin followed by procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine for adult high-grade astrocytoma. Chang Gung medical journal, 2005, Volume: 28, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Astrocytoma; Brain Neoplasm	2005
P450 enzyme inducing and non-enzyme inducing antiepileptics in glioblastoma patients treated with standard chemotherapy. Journal of neuro-oncology, 2005, Volume: 72, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticonvulsants; Antineoplastic Agents; Blood Cell Count; Brain Neop	2005
[Palliative therapy in glioblastoma multiforme: a multimodal concept]. Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 2006, Volume: 156, Issue:9-10 Topics: Aged; Brain Neoplasms; Catheters, Indwelling; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Combined Modality Therapy; Cra	2006
Nitrosourea efficacy in high-grade glioma: a survival gain analysis summarizing 504 cohorts with 24193 patients. Journal of neuro-oncology, 2008, Volume: 88, Issue:1 Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Astrocytoma; Brain Neoplasms;	2008
5-Fluorouracil and 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) followed by hydroxyurea, misonidazole, and irradiation for brain stem gliomas: a pilot study of the Brain Tumor Research Center and the Childrens Cancer Group. Neurosurgery, 1984, Volume: 14, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Astrocytoma; Brain Neoplasms; Bra	1984
Multimodality treatment of malignant gliomas. Comparison of several adjuvant approaches. Zentralblatt fur Neurochirurgie, 1981, Volume: 42, Issue:2-3 Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ependymoma; Glioblastoma;	1981
[Postoperative treatment of malignant glial tumors of the brain with CCNU]. Vestnik Akademii meditsinskikh nauk SSSR, 1981, Issue:11 Topics: Astrocytoma; Brain Neoplasms; Follow-Up Studies; Glioblastoma; Humans; Lomustine; Nitrosourea Compou	1981
Clinical toxicity of combined modality treatment with nitrosourea derivatives for central nervous system tumors. Neurosurgery, 1982, Volume: 11, Issue:3 Topics: Bone Marrow Diseases; Brain Neoplasms; Carmustine; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Glioblastoma; Glioma;	1982
[Glioblastoma multiforme. Postoperative therapy]. ZFA. Zeitschrift fur Allgemeinmedizin, 1983, Feb-20, Volume: 59, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aged; Brain Neoplasms; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glioblastoma; Humans; Lomustine; Ma	1983
Chemoradiation and adjuvant chemotherapy for glioblastoma: why does so much therapy yield so little improvement in survival? International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 1995, Sep-30, Volume: 33, Issue:2 Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Brain Neoplasms; Carboplatin; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant	1995
Interleukin-2 gene therapy in a patient with glioblastoma. Gene therapy, 1995, Volume: 2, Issue:2 Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Brain Neoplasms; Cells, Cultured; Combined Modality	1995
Combination of 6-thioguanine, procarbazine, lomustine, and hydroxyurea for patients with recurrent malignant gliomas. Neurosurgery, 1996, Volume: 39, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Brain Neoplasms; Disease Pr	1996
Neurotoxicity of combination chemotherapy with procarbazine, CCNU and vincristine (PCV) for recurrent glioma. Journal of neuro-oncology, 1998, Volume: 38, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Brain Neop	1998
Bihemispheric malignant glioma: one size does not fit all. Journal of neuro-oncology, 1998, Volume: 38, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Brain Neoplasms; Fatal Outcome; Glioblastoma;	1998
A retrospective study of the value of chemotherapy as adjuvant therapy to surgery and radiotherapy in grade 3 and 4 gliomas. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990), 1998, Volume: 34, Issue:10 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Age Distribution; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Brain	1998
Sensitivity of short-term cultures derived from human malignant glioma to the anti-cancer drug temozolomide. Anti-cancer drugs, 1999, Volume: 10, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Astrocytoma; Brain Neoplasms; Dacarbazine; Dose-Response R	1999
Locally delivered chemotherapy and repeated surgery can improve survival in glioblastoma patients. Italian journal of neurological sciences, 1999, Volume: 20, Issue:1 Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bleomycin; Brain Neoplasms; Carmustine; Chemotherapy	1999
Chemosensitivity in childhood brain tumours in vitro: evidence of differential sensitivity to lomustine (CCNU) and vincristine. European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990), 2000, Volume: 36, Issue:15 Topics: Adult; Antineoplastic Agents; Astrocytoma; Brain Neoplasms; Child; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug;	2000
Distinct radiochemotherapy protocols differentially influence cellular proliferation and expression of p53 and Bcl-2 in glioblastoma multiforme relapses in vivo. Journal of neuro-oncology, 2000, Volume: 48, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Apop	2000
PCV chemotherapy for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Neurology, 2001, Jan-09, Volume: 56, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Disease Progression; Female; Glioblasto	2001
PCV chemotherapy for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Neurology, 2001, Jun-26, Volume: 56, Issue:12 Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Brain Neoplasms; Disease Progression; Female; Gliobl	2001
Adenovirus-mediated expression of HSV1-TK or Fas ligand induces cell death in primary human glioma-derived cell cultures that are resistant to the chemotherapeutic agent CCNU. Cancer gene therapy, 2001, Volume: 8, Issue:8 Topics: Adenoviridae; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Apoptosis; beta-Galactosidase; Brain Neoplasms; Com	2001
Improved efficacy of chemotherapy for glioblastoma by radiation-induced opening of blood-brain barrier: clinical results. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 2001, Nov-15, Volume: 51, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain Neoplasms; Ch	2001
Treatment of grade III and IV astrocytoma with dimethyl triazeno imidazole carboxamide (DTIC, NSC-45388) alone and in combination with CCNU (NSC-79037) or methyl CCNU (MeCCNU, NSC-95441). Cancer, 1975, Volume: 36, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Brain Neoplasms; Dacarbazine; Drug Evaluation; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glioblastom	1975
[Treatment of inoperable glioblastomas using a combination of adriamycin, VM 26 and CCNU]. Bulletin du cancer, 1977, Volume: 64, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Brain Neoplasms; Doxorubicin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drug Tolerance; Glioblastoma;	1977
[Polychemotherapy of glioblastoma multiforme]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1977, Sep-09, Volume: 102, Issue:36 Topics: Adult; Brain Neoplasms; Carmustine; Glioblastoma; Humans; Lomustine; Male	1977
Cerebral pseudocysts following chemotherapy of glioblastomas. Acta neurochirurgica, 1977, Volume: 39, Issue:3-4 Topics: Adult; Astrocytoma; Brain Diseases; Brain Neoplasms; Cysts; Glioblastoma; Humans; Lomustine; Male; M	1977
Brain tumors in children. Pediatric annals, 1978, Volume: 7, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Astrocytoma; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Ependymoma; Female;	1978
Quality and duration of survival in glioblastoma multiforme. Combined surgical, radiation, and lomustine therapy. JAMA, 1979, Mar-09, Volume: 241, Issue:10 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adult; Aged; Drug Tolerance; Glioblastoma; Humans; Lomustine; Middle Age	1979
Adjuvant chemotherapy with nitrosourea compounds following surgery plus radiotherapy in glioblastoma multiforme. Recent results in cancer research. Fortschritte der Krebsforschung. Progres dans les recherches sur le cancer, 1978, Volume: 68 Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Carmustine; Glioblastoma; Humans; Lomustine; Nitrosourea Compounds; Semustine	1978
[Value of chemotherapy associated with conventional treatment of malignant gliomas of the brain. Study of 95 cases with histological verification and follow-up of 1 to 6 years 9 months]. Revue neurologique, 1979, Volume: 135, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Brain Neoplasms; Carmustine; Drug Evaluation; Drug Therapy, Combination	1979
Preoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy in hypervascular, high-grade supratentorial astrocytomas. Surgical neurology, 1979, Volume: 12, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Brain Neoplasms; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glioblastoma; Humans; Lomustine; Ma	1979
Brachytherapy of brain tumors. Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery, 1992, Volume: 59, Issue:1-4 Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Brachytherapy; Brain Neoplasms; Child; Combined Moda	1992
[Possible role of 06-methylguanine-DNA-transferase in the response of patients with primary tumor of the brain to chemotherapy using chloro-ethyl-nitroso-urea: results of a current study]. Bollettino della Societa italiana di biologia sperimentale, 1990, Volume: 66, Issue:5 Topics: Astrocytoma; Brain Neoplasms; Female; Glioblastoma; Humans; Lomustine; Male; Methyltransferases; Neo	1990
Efficiency of the radio-chemo-surgical. Treatment in cerebral astrocytomas. Zentralblatt fur Neurochirurgie, 1989, Volume: 50, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Astrocytoma; Brain Neoplasms; Cobalt Radioisotopes; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Gliobl	1989
Supraophthalmic carotid infusion for recurrent glioma: rationale, technique, and preliminary results for cisplatin and BCNU. Journal of neuro-oncology, 1985, Volume: 3, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Astrocytoma; Brain Neoplasms; Carmustine; Car	1985
Variation in response to CCNU of glioblastoma multiforme in brain and cervical lymph node. Case report. Journal of neurosurgery, 1985, Volume: 62, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Brain Neoplasms; Female; Glioblastoma; Humans; Lomustine; Lymphatic Metastasis	1985
[Multimodal treatment of undifferentiated astrocytomas of the cerebrum. Indications for chemotherapy]. Fortschritte der Medizin, 1985, Jun-06, Volume: 103, Issue:21 Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Brain Neoplasms; Combined Modality Therapy; Glioblas	1985
In vitro analysis of BCNU-sensitivity in human malignant gliomas. II. Cross-resistance studies with cisplatinum and nitrosoureas. Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 1986, Volume: 73, Issue:1 Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Carmustine; Cells, Cultured; Cisplatin; Drug Resistance; Glioblastoma; Humans; Lomu	1986
Sudden onset of blindness in patients treated with oral CCNU and low-dose cranial irradiation. Cancer, 1987, Mar-01, Volume: 59, Issue:5 Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Blindness; Brain; Brain Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Small Cell; Combined Modal	1987
Misonidazole and CCNU chemotherapy for recurrent primary brain tumor. Journal of neuro-oncology, 1987, Volume: 4, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Astrocytoma; Bone Marrow Diseases; Brain Neop	1987
Eight drugs in one day chemotherapy for brain tumors: experience in 107 children and rationale for preradiation chemotherapy. Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 1987, Volume: 5, Issue:8 Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Astrocytoma; Brain Neoplasms; Child; Cisplatin; Comb	1987

lomustine and Astrocytoma, Grade IV