Page last updated: 2024-08-23

lithium and Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis

lithium has been researched along with Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis in 44 studies

Research

Studies (44)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	9 (20.45)	18.7374
1990's	26 (59.09)	18.2507
2000's	7 (15.91)	29.6817
2010's	1 (2.27)	24.3611
2020's	1 (2.27)	2.80

Authors

Authors	Studies
Christensen, BM; Grønkjaer, C; Iervolino, A; Rej, S; Thomsen, ML; Trepiccione, F	1
Bochud, M; Bovet, P; Burnier, M; Maillard, M; Pruijm, M; Renaud, C; Wuerzner, G	1
Clark, JD; Green, A	1
Gruska, S; Kerner, W; Kraatz, G; Rettig, R; Vogelgesang, D; Völzke, H	1
Christensen, S; Faarup, P; Hansen, BB	1
Siciński, A	1
Besch, W; Bettin, D; Blücher, H; Kohnert, KD; Michaelis, D; Wolf, E	1
Mozgovaia, ME; Shestakova, MV	1
Chiarelli, F; Kalter-Leibovici, O; Laron, Z; Morgese, G; Verrotti, A	1
Dowd, A; Taylor, R; Thomas, TH; Wilkinson, R	1
Barlassina, C; Cusi, D; Mangili, R; Pozza, G; Zerbini, G	1
Balfe, JW; Chait, PG; Daneman, D; Lawson, ML; Sochett, EB	1
Boner, G; Erman, A; Kalter-Leibovici, O; Karp, M; Lilos, P; Panski, R; van Dijk, DJ	1
Alvestrand, A; Bolinder, J; Stenvinkel, P	1
Jones, SC; Marshall, SM; Thomas, TH	1
Grzeszczak, W; Gumprecht, J; Liszka, M; Moczulski, D; Trelewicz, P; Zukowska-Szczechowska, E	1
Fujita, J; Seino, Y; Tsuda, K	1
Rutherford, PA; Thomas, TH; West, IC	1
Rutherford, PA; Thomas, TH; Vareesangthip, K; West, IC; Wilkinson, R	1
Berden, JH; De Pont, JJ; Elving, LD; Thien, T; Van Norren, K	1
Catino, M; Chiarelli, F; de Martino, M; Mezzetti, A; Tumini, S; Vanelli, M; Verrotti, A	1
Baker, F; Carr, SJ; Ng, LL; Quinn, PA	1
Frokiaer, J; Knepper, MA; Kwon, TH; Laursen, UH; Marples, D; Maunsbach, AB; Nielsen, S	1
Mead, PA; Thomas, TH; Wilkinson, R	1
Późniak, J	1
Giampietro, O; Matteucci, E	1
Garston, RG; Posen, GA; Rabin, EZ; Weir, RV	1
Miller, FJ; Nicholas, GG; Shaikh, BS	1
Lindop, GB; Padfield, PL	1
Earle, K; Li, LK; Messent, J; Tariq, T; Trevisan, R; Viberti, G; Walker, JD	1
Hagiwara, M; Hori, K; Kaneshige, H; Machimura, H; Ohta, K; Suzuki, D; Takeda, H; Tanaka, K; Watanabe, K; Yagame, M	1
Arieff, AI	1
Earle, K; Viberti, GC	1
Boitard, C; Grünfeld, JP; Guicheney, P; Hannedouche, TP; Lacour, B; Marques, LP	1
Canessa, M; Laffel, LM; Zerbini, G	1
Berden, JH; De Pont, JJ; Elving, LD; Wetzels, JF	1
Berg, KJ; Djøseland, O; Endresen, L; Fauchald, P; Hartmann, A; Holdaas, H; Jervell, J; Lien, MG; Nilsen, L	1
Tariq, T; Viberti, G; Walker, JD	1
Borch-Johnsen, K; Brahm, J; Deckert, T; Funder, J; Hommel, E; Jensen, JS; Mathiesen, ER; Nørgaard, K; Parving, HH	1
Alberti, KG; Carr, S; Keavey, P; Mbanya, JC; Taylor, R; Thomas, T; Wilkinson, R	1
Crosson, AW; Federman, M; Fergusen, BD; Kaye, WA; Khan, MY; Pawel, BR	1
Holstein-Rathlou, NH; Kamper, AL; Leyssac, PP; Strandgaard, S	1
Canessa, M; Christlieb, AR; Knowler, WC; Krolewski, AS; Laffel, LM; Rand, LI; Warram, JH	1
Bending, JJ; Gupta, A; Li, LK; Mangili, R; Scott, G; Viberti, G	1

Reviews

10 review(s) available for lithium and Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis

Article	Year
[The role of Na/Li countertransport in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy]. Terapevticheskii arkhiv, 1994, Volume: 66, Issue:10 Topics: Biological Transport, Active; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetic Nephropathies; Erythrocytes; Humans; Lithium; Sodium	1994
[Erythrocyte Na+/Li+ countertransport activity]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 1998, Volume: 56 Suppl 3 Topics: Biological Transport; Biomarkers; Diabetic Nephropathies; Erythrocytes; Humans; Hypertension; Lithium; Sodium	1998
Sodium-lithium countertransport: physiology and function. Journal of hypertension, 1998, Volume: 16, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Diabetic Nephropathies; Erythrocytes; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Hypertension; Ion Transport; Kinetics; Lithium; Models, Biological; Sodium	1998
Relevance of erythrocyte Na+/Li+ countertransport measurement in essential hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and diabetic nephropathy: a critical review. European journal of clinical investigation, 1998, Volume: 28, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Antiporters; Biomarkers; Diabetic Nephropathies; Erythrocytes; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Hypertension; Lithium; Sodium	1998
Sodium/hydrogen exchange activity in type 1 diabetes mellitus: the never-ending story. Diabetes, nutrition & metabolism, 2001, Volume: 14, Issue:4 Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Homeostasis; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypertension; Kinetics; Lithium; Protein Isoforms; Sodium; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers	2001
Proteinuria and microalbuminuria as predictors of nephropathy. Hospital practice (Office ed.), 1992, Volume: 27 Suppl 1 Topics: Albuminuria; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Biological Transport; Diabetic Nephropathies; Diet, Diabetic; Dietary Proteins; Erythrocytes; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Insulin; Lithium; Phosphorus, Dietary; Predictive Value of Tests; Proteinuria; Sodium	1992
Predisposition to essential hypertension and the development of diabetic nephropathy. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 1992, Volume: 3, Issue:4 Suppl Topics: Antiporters; Biomarkers; Carrier Proteins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetic Nephropathies; Humans; Hypertension; Ion Transport; Lithium; Sodium	1992
Predisposition to essential hypertension and renal hemodynamics in recent-onset insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 1992, Volume: 3, Issue:4 Suppl Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Calcium Channel Blockers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetic Nephropathies; Humans; Hypertension; Kidney; Lithium; Renal Circulation; Sodium	1992
Sodium activation kinetics of red blood cell Na+/Li+ countertransport in diabetes: methodology and controversy. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 1992, Volume: 3, Issue:4 Suppl Topics: Antiporters; Carrier Proteins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetic Nephropathies; Erythrocytes; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Insulin; Ion Transport; Kinetics; Lithium; Methods; Sodium	1992
Aggravation of diabetic nephropathy by lithium: a case report and review of the literature. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1989, Volume: 50, Issue:3 Topics: Acute Disease; Bipolar Disorder; Diabetic Nephropathies; Humans; Kidney Glomerulus; Lithium; Lithium Carbonate; Male; Middle Aged; Nephrotic Syndrome	1989

Trials

4 trial(s) available for lithium and Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis

Article	Year
Erythrocyte sodium-lithium countertransport, adenosine triphosphatase activity and sodium-potassium fluxes in insulin-dependent diabetes. International journal of clinical & laboratory research, 1995, Volume: 25, Issue:2 Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adolescent; Adult; Antiporters; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetic Nephropathies; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Transport; Lithium; Male; Potassium; Sodium	1995
[Activity of sodium-lithium cotransport in erythrocytes of patients with diabetes mellitus type I (IDDM) complicated by diabetic nephropathy in the renal failure stage]. Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej, 1997, Volume: 97, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Antiporters; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetic Nephropathies; Erythrocytes; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Lithium; Middle Aged; Sodium	1997
[Regulation of natriuresis in diabetic nephropathy]. Annales Academiae Medicae Stetinensis, 2000, Volume: 46 Topics: Cyclic GMP; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetic Nephropathies; Female; Humans; Kallikreins; Kidney; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Lithium; Male; Natriuresis; Sodium	2000
Contrasting effects of lisinopril and nifedipine on albuminuria and tubular transport functions in insulin dependent diabetics with nephropathy. Journal of internal medicine, 1991, Volume: 229, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Albuminuria; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Biological Transport; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetic Nephropathies; Enalapril; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Hemodynamics; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Tubules; Lisinopril; Lithium; Male; Nifedipine; Sodium	1991

Other Studies

30 other study(ies) available for lithium and Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis

Article	Year
Atorvastatin does not ameliorate nephrogenic diabetes insipidus induced by lithium or potassium depletion in mice. Physiological reports, 2021, Volume: 9, Issue:21 Topics: Animals; Aquaporin 2; Atorvastatin; Cell Line; Diabetes Insipidus; Diabetic Nephropathies; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Hypokalemia; Lithium; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL	2021
Glomerular hyperfiltration and increased proximal sodium reabsorption in subjects with type 2 diabetes or impaired fasting glucose in a population of the African region. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 2010, Volume: 25, Issue:7 Topics: Absorption; Adult; Blood Glucose; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Fasting; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Hypertension; Inulin; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Lithium; Male; Middle Aged; p-Aminohippuric Acid; Prevalence; Seychelles; Sodium	2010
An unusual case of polyuria in a lithium-treated patient. British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005), 2006, Volume: 67, Issue:3 Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Diabetes Insipidus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Female; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hyperparathyroidism; Lithium; Middle Aged; Polyuria	2006
Intracellular calcium and sodium-lithium countertransport in type 2 diabetic patients with and without albuminuria. Endocrine journal, 2006, Volume: 53, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Albuminuria; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Female; Humans; Intracellular Fluid; Ion Transport; Lithium; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Sodium	2006
Functional and structural changes in the rat kidney by long-term lithium treatment. Renal physiology, 1982, Volume: 5, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Diabetic Nephropathies; Kidney; Lithium; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Time Factors	1982
[Plasma exchange in kidney diseases]. Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej, 1981, Volume: 66, Issue:1 Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Diabetic Nephropathies; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Lithium; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Nephritis; Plasma Exchange; Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic	1981
Genetic predisposition to hypertension (as detected by Na+/Li+ countertransport) and risk of diabetic nephropathy in childhood diabetes. Journal of paediatrics and child health, 1994, Volume: 30, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Albuminuria; Antiporters; Case-Control Studies; Causality; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetic Nephropathies; Erythrocytes; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Hypertension; Lithium; Matched-Pair Analysis; Sodium	1994
Erythrocyte sodium-lithium countertransport activity is related to membrane fluidity in IDDM patients. Diabetologia, 1994, Volume: 37, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Biological Transport; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetic Nephropathies; Diphenylhexatriene; Erythrocyte Membrane; Female; Fluorescence Polarization; Fluorescent Dyes; Humans; Lithium; Male; Membrane Fluidity; Middle Aged; Sodium	1994
Sodium-lithium countertransport and triglycerides in diabetic nephropathy. Kidney international, 1993, Volume: 44, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Albuminuria; Antiporters; Blood Pressure; Carrier Proteins; Diabetic Nephropathies; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Lithium; Male; Middle Aged; Sodium; Triglycerides	1993
Effect of puberty on markers of glomerular hypertrophy and hypertension in IDDM. Diabetes, 1996, Volume: 45, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Albuminuria; Biological Transport; Biomarkers; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetic Nephropathies; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Hypertension, Renal; Hypertrophy; Kidney; Kidney Glomerulus; Lithium; Male; Puberty; Sodium	1996
Sodium-lithium countertransport: a predictor of diabetic nephropathy in Jewish insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients of different ethnic origin? Israel journal of medical sciences, 1996, Volume: 32, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetic Nephropathies; Erythrocytes; Female; Genetic Markers; Humans; Israel; Jews; Lithium; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Risk Factors; Sodium	1996
Short-term treatment with ramipril normalizes renal haemodynamics and the natriuretic response to a sodium load in type 1 diabetic patients with early nephropathy. Acta diabetologica, 1997, Volume: 34, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Albuminuria; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetic Nephropathies; Dopamine; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Hemodynamics; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Inulin; Lithium; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Middle Aged; p-Aminohippuric Acid; Ramipril; Reference Values; Renal Circulation; Renin; Sodium; Sodium Chloride	1997
Thiol group modulation of sodium-lithium countertransport kinetics in diabetic nephropathy. Diabetologia, 1997, Volume: 40, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Antiporters; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetic Nephropathies; Diastole; Erythrocytes; Ethylmaleimide; Fasting; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Insulin; Lithium; Male; Middle Aged; Sodium; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Systole; Triglycerides	1997
Erythrocyte membrane thiol proteins associated with changes in the kinetics of Na/Li countertransport: a possible molecular explanation of changes in disease. European journal of clinical investigation, 1998, Volume: 28, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Alkylation; Animals; Antiporters; Biotin; Diabetic Nephropathies; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Erythrocyte Membrane; Ethylmaleimide; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Kinetics; Lithium; Male; Membrane Proteins; Middle Aged; Rabbits; Rats; Sodium; Sulfhydryl Compounds	1998
Increased Na+/Li+ countertransport activity may help to identify type 1 diabetic adolescents and young adults at risk for developing persistent microalbuminuria. Diabetes care, 1999, Volume: 22, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age of Onset; Albuminuria; Antiporters; Blood Pressure; Child; Cholesterol; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetic Nephropathies; Erythrocytes; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Insulin; Lithium; Male; Parents; Risk Factors; Sodium; Time Factors; Triglycerides	1999
Red cell Na+/Li+ countertransport and Na+/H+ exchanger isoforms in human proximal tubules. Kidney international, 2000, Volume: 58, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antiporters; Biomarkers; Blotting, Western; Diabetic Nephropathies; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Hypertension, Renal; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Lithium; Male; Middle Aged; Natriuresis; Regression Analysis; Sodium; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers	2000
Altered expression of renal AQPs and Na(+) transporters in rats with lithium-induced NDI. American journal of physiology. Renal physiology, 2000, Volume: 279, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Aquaporin 1; Aquaporin 2; Aquaporin 3; Aquaporin 6; Aquaporins; Blotting, Western; Carrier Proteins; Diabetes Insipidus; Diabetic Nephropathies; Diuresis; Kidney; Kidney Concentrating Ability; Kidney Medulla; Kidney Tubules, Collecting; Lithium; Male; Microscopy, Immunoelectron; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Drug; Sodium; Sodium Chloride Symporters; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 3; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins; Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type I; Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type II; Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 3; Symporters; Water	2000
Na/Li countertransport abnormalities in type 1 diabetes with and without nephropathy are familial. Diabetes care, 2001, Volume: 24, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Antiporters; Blood Pressure; Cholesterol; Choline; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetic Nephropathies; Erythrocytes; Ethylmaleimide; Female; Humans; Kinetics; Lithium; Male; Nuclear Family; Reference Values; Sodium; Triglycerides	2001
Persistent nephrogenic diabetes insipidus associated with long-term lithium carbonate treatment. Canadian Medical Association journal, 1979, Jul-21, Volume: 121, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Diabetes Insipidus; Diabetic Nephropathies; Female; Humans; Kidney Concentrating Ability; Lithium; Polyuria; Time Factors	1979
Persistent nephrogenic diabetes insipidus after lithium carbonate. Annals of internal medicine, 1977, Volume: 86, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Bipolar Disorder; Diabetes Insipidus; Diabetic Nephropathies; Humans; Lithium; Male	1977
The renal pathology in a case of lithium-induced diabetes insipidus. Journal of clinical pathology, 1975, Volume: 28, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Bipolar Disorder; Diabetes Insipidus; Diabetic Nephropathies; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Medulla; Lithium; Male; Obesity; Polyuria; Thirst	1975
Na+/H+ antiport activity and cell growth in cultured skin fibroblasts of IDDM patients with nephropathy. Diabetes, 1992, Volume: 41, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Amiloride; Analysis of Variance; Carrier Proteins; Cell Division; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetic Nephropathies; Female; Fibroblasts; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Lithium; Male; Middle Aged; Reference Values; Skin; Sodium; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers	1992
Genetic predisposing factors in non-insulin dependent diabetes with persistent albuminuria. The Tokai journal of experimental and clinical medicine, 1992, Volume: 17, Issue:5-6 Topics: Aged; Albuminuria; Antiporters; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Lithium; Male; Middle Aged; Sodium; Surveys and Questionnaires	1992
Is increased erythrocyte sodium-lithium countertransport a useful marker for diabetic nephropathy? Kidney international, 1992, Volume: 41, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Antiporters; Biomarkers; Carrier Proteins; Diabetic Nephropathies; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Lithium; Male; Middle Aged; Reference Values	1992
Sodium-lithium countertransport activity in red cells of patients with insulin dependent diabetes and nephropathy and their parents. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 1990, Sep-29, Volume: 301, Issue:6753 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Albuminuria; Biological Transport, Active; Blood Pressure; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetic Nephropathies; Erythrocytes; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Lithium; Male; Proteinuria; Sodium	1990
Increased blood pressure and erythrocyte sodium/lithium countertransport activity are not inherited in diabetic nephropathy. Diabetologia, 1990, Volume: 33, Issue:10 Topics: Antiporters; Biological Transport; Blood Pressure; Carrier Proteins; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetic Nephropathies; Erythrocyte Membrane; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Lithium; Male; Middle Aged; Sodium	1990
Increase in glomerular filtration rate in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes and elevated erythrocyte sodium-lithium countertransport. The New England journal of medicine, 1990, Feb-22, Volume: 322, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Biological Transport, Active; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetic Nephropathies; Erythrocytes; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Hypertension; Lithium; Male; Middle Aged; Sodium	1990
Lithium clearance in chronic nephropathy. Clinical science (London, England : 1979), 1989, Volume: 77, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetic Nephropathies; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Lithium; Male; Middle Aged; Nephritis, Interstitial; Polycystic Kidney Diseases; Potassium; Sodium	1989
Predisposition to hypertension and susceptibility to renal disease in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The New England journal of medicine, 1988, Jan-21, Volume: 318, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Biological Transport, Active; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetic Nephropathies; Diabetic Retinopathy; Disease Susceptibility; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Lithium; Male; Risk Factors; Sodium	1988
Increased sodium-lithium countertransport activity in red cells of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes and nephropathy. The New England journal of medicine, 1988, Jan-21, Volume: 318, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Biological Transport, Active; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetic Nephropathies; Disease Susceptibility; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Lithium; Male; Middle Aged; Sodium	1988