lipoteichoic-acid and Rhinitis

Staphylococcus aureus is a major contributor to the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Previous research has shown that S. aureus-secreted products disrupt the airway barrier.. S. aureus ATCC 13565 and 25923 strains were grown at exponential, postexponential, and stationary phases. Microbial conditioned media (CM) was collected from the cultures and ultrafiltered (UF). Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) was performed on the UF-CM. UF-CM was subjected to heat and protease treatment, size fractionation, and ultracentrifugation (UC) separation. Human nasal epithelial cells grown at air-liquid interface (HNEC-ALI) cultures were exposed to purified alpha hemolysin (Hla), staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and UF-CM. Barrier function outcomes were measured by transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and apparent permeability (Papp). UC fraction exposed cultures were subjected to immunofluorescence microscopy for tight junction (TJ) protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1).. LC-ESI-MS/MS identified 107 proteins, with Hla being most abundant. Hla, SEA, and LTA did not alter the HNEC-ALI barrier as measured by TEER or Papp. Barrier disruption caused by UF-CM peaked in the postexponential phase, was sensitive to heat and protease treatment, >30-kDa in size, and enriched in the UC fraction. HNEC-ALI exposed to UF-CM and UC demonstrated loss of ZO-1 localization.. These results suggest that the S. aureus factor responsible for TJ disruption in HNEC-ALI cultures is either a protein-macromolecule or a combination of secreted factors. The product is enriched in the UC fraction, suggesting it is associated with large structures such as membrane components or vesicles.

Topics: Cells, Cultured; Chronic Disease; Culture Media, Conditioned; Electric Impedance; Enterotoxins; Hemolysin Proteins; Humans; Lipopolysaccharides; Nasal Mucosa; Permeability; Rhinitis; Sinusitis; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Teichoic Acids; Tight Junctions

Topics: Allergens; Animals; Cell Movement; Chronic Disease; Disease Models, Animal; Enterotoxins; Eosinophils; Humans; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Nasal Mucosa; Neutrophil Infiltration; Ovalbumin; Rabbits; Rhinitis; Sinusitis; Staphylococcus aureus; Teichoic Acids

Nasal secretions include cytokines and inflammatory mediators that are involved in the pathogenesis of upper airway inflammation.. We tried to find unknown biomolecules that are involved in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).. We collected nasal mucosal secretions from patients who were diagnosed as having CRS and who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery. A total of 63 patients who underwent nasal secretion collection were reviewed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed by using nasal lavage samples to evaluate which biomolecules were associated with the severity of inflammation based on the Lund-Mackay score. By using human nasal epithelial cells, we performed Western blot, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to evaluate the secretory mechanism of heat shock protein (HSP) 70.. We found that the level of interleukin 8 and HSP70 were significantly associated with the Lund-Mackay score and interleukin 17C, C-X-C motif chemokine 10, and HSP27 were not significantly associated. HSP70 was also significantly associated with the surgical outcome of the enrolled patients. Furthermore, we found that exposure to hypoxia and treatment of lipoteichoic acid induced the secretion of HSP70 but that lipopolysaccharide did not induce the secretion of HSP70 in human nasal epithelial cells.. Our findings indicated that HSP70 might play a role in the pathogenesis of CRS and the possibility of HSP70 as a biomolecule that represents the severity of CRS.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cells, Cultured; Chronic Disease; Female; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; Humans; Interleukin-8; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Middle Aged; Rhinitis; Severity of Illness Index; Sinusitis; Teichoic Acids