lipoteichoic-acid and Immunologic-Deficiency-Syndromes

Drug-resistant microorganism infections cause serious disease and can lead to mortality and morbidity. In particular, Staphylococcus aureus induces pyrogenic and toxigenic infections, and drug-resistance occurs rapidly. Multidrug-resistant S. aureus, such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus, can also cause immunodeficiency and immune deficiency syndrome from lipoteichoic acid. However, antimicrobial peptides, such as KW4, have strong antimicrobial activity, low cytotoxicity, and high neutralization activity against endotoxin substances from Gram-negative bacteria. The objective of this study was to use a synthetic KW4 antimicrobial peptide to evaluate the inhibition of drug-resistance development, antimicrobial activity, and neutralizing activity in S. aureus Gram-positive bacteria. The KW4 peptide showed strong antimicrobial activity against drug-resistant S. aureus strains and significantly increased the anti-neutralizing activity of lipoteichoic acid in S. aureus 1630 drug-resistant bacteria. In addition, S. aureus ATCC 29213 did not develop resistance to KW4 as with other antibiotic drugs. These results suggest that the KW4 peptide is an effective antibiotic and anti-neutralizing agent against multidrug-resistant S. aureus strains.

Topics: Animals; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; Endotoxins; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Humans; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Inflammation; Lipopolysaccharides; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Mice; RAW 264.7 Cells; Staphylococcal Infections; Teichoic Acids

We describe 2 siblings who had interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 deficiency with a novel mutation in exon 2. They had delayed separation of the umbilical cord. The flow cytometric analysis of monocytic intracellular tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in response to lipopolysaccharide may be a useful method to screen for the disease.

Topics: Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Child, Preschool; Exons; Flow Cytometry; Homozygote; Humans; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Matched-Pair Analysis; Monocytes; Mutation; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Teichoic Acids; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Umbilical Cord