linoleylanilide and Syndrome

The toxicity of linoleic acid anilide (LAA) and heated linoleic acid anilide (HLAA) was studied in female rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were given 250 mg/kg of LAA or HLAA in mineral oil, by gavage, on alternate days for two weeks. Control rats received an equal volume of mineral oil. The animals were sacrificed at day 1, 7 and 28 following the last dose. Organ-to-body weight ratio was increased for spleen in both LAA and HLAA treated rats at day 1. Lung, kidney and brain showed increases in this ratio at some time point, whereas, thymus in the HLAA group showed a decrease at day 28. Among blood parameters, red blood cells and hemoglobin content decreased in both LAA and HLAA treated groups at day 1 and in the LAA group at day 7. Serum IgA levels increased throughout the study in both treatment groups and were more pronounced in HLAA treated rats. Splenic T-helper lymphocyte numbers decreased in the HLAA group at day 1, whereas, other cell types were not affected. The changes observed in female rats are comparable to our previous findings in male rats and relatively minor in relation to sex differences. These results further support that hemopoietic system is an early target of fatty acid anilide toxicity.

Topics: Anilides; Animals; Body Weight; Brain; Hot Temperature; Immunoglobulin A; Kidney; Linoleic Acids; Lung; Male; Organ Size; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sex Factors; Spleen; Syndrome

The present study was undertaken to investigate toxic potentials of linoleic acid anilide (LAA) and heated linoleic acid anilide (HLAA) and their possible role in the etiology of toxic oil syndrome (TOS). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given 250 mg/kg of LAA or HLAA in mineral oil through gavage, on alternate days for 2 weeks (total 7 doses). Control rats received an equal volume of vehicle only. The animals were sacrificed at day 1, 7 and 28 following the last dose. Ratio of organ weight/body weight showed a significant increase in lung in LAA group at day 7 while spleen showed remarkable increases in both treatment groups at day 1 and 7. On the other hand, this ratio showed decreases in case of liver, brain and heart at some time points. Among blood parameters, red cell counts and hemoglobin content decreased at day 1 in both LAA and HLAA treated groups, while platelet counts showed an increase. Serum LDH, GOT and GPT activities significantly decreased at day 1 and 7 in both LAA and HLAA treated groups, however, these changes were more prominent in the HLAA treated group. Interestingly, at day 28, these serum enzyme levels recovered to control levels. Both LAA and HLAA treated groups showed a decrease in serum IgM levels at day 1, however, at day 7 only the LAA group showed a significant decrease. IgA levels significantly increased in both groups at all the time points studied and were more pronounced in the HLAA treated group. Similarly, IgG levels also showed increases in both the groups. In addition to serum immunoglobulin changes, alterations in the lymphocyte subpopulations were also observed. While T-cell population decreased, B-cell population remained unchanged. Among T-cell subsets, T-helper cells did not show any change while T-suppressor cells decreased significantly at day 1 in the LAA group and at day 1 and 7 in the HLAA group, but regained control levels at day 28. The biochemical and immunological alterations observed in this study as a result of LAA and HLAA exposure and more so by HLAA further support that the fatty acid anilides may play a role in the etiology of TOS.

Topics: Anilides; Animals; Blood Cell Count; Body Weight; Brassica; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Hot Temperature; Immunoglobulins; Linoleic Acids; Lung; Lymphocyte Subsets; Male; Organ Size; Plant Oils; Rapeseed Oil; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Spleen; Syndrome

Fatty acid anilides, the major xenobiotic found in the cooking oils responsible for the Spanish toxic oil syndrome, are immunogenic for rabbits as ascertained by a skin test reaction, the characterization of specific antibodies against anilides and the immunofluorescent detection of 'anilide dependent antigens' in tissue slices from treated animals.

Topics: Anilides; Animals; Antibodies; Brain; Brassica; Drug Hypersensitivity; Epitopes; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Food Contamination; Immunization; Immunosorbent Techniques; Linoleic Acids; Liposomes; Muscles; Neuromuscular Diseases; Oils; Oleic Acids; Plant Oils; Rabbits; Rapeseed Oil; Skin Tests; Syndrome