lignans and Hypertension--Renovascular

In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the protective effect of sesamin on kidney damage and renal endothelial dysfunction in two-kidney, one-clip renovascular hypertensive rats fed with a high-fat-sucrose diet (2K1C rats on HFS diet). Sesamin was intragastrically administered to 2K1C rats on HFS diet for eight weeks. Then, we measured the levels of serum hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), total antioxidant capability (T-AOC), renal malonaldehyde (MDA), total-erythrocuprein (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-P(X)). The expressions of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), nitrotyrosine and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunit p47(phox) in the left and right renal cortexes were detected by Western blotting. Pathological changes in the left and right renal cortexes were observed by periodic acid-schiff staining (PAS) and Masson's staining. Treatment with sesamin (120 and 60mg/kg⁻¹·d⁻¹) in 2K1C rats on HFS diet improved renal function, corrected structural abnormalities, and attenuated renal oxidative stress. Furthermore, sesamin increased eNOS protein expression and reduced nitrotyrosine and p47phox protein expression. These results demonstrated that long-term treatment with sesamin had renoprotective effect and improved renal endothelial dysfunction via upregulation of eNOS expression and reduction of NO oxidative inactivation in both clipped and contralateral kidneys of 2K1C rats on HFS diet, and sesamin may have a favorably therapeutic value in treating chronic kidney disease in patients with hypertension and hyperlipemia.

Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Antioxidants; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Sucrose; Dioxoles; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Down-Regulation; Endothelium, Vascular; Hypertension, Renovascular; Hypolipidemic Agents; Kidney; Kidney Cortex; Lignans; Male; NADPH Oxidases; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tyrosine; Up-Regulation

This study is to observe anti-lipotoxic effect of sesamin on renovascular hypertensive rats fed with a high-fat, high-sucrose diet. Thirty-four complex model rats were induced by two-kidney, one-clip method and on high-fat and refined-carbohydrate diet for thirteen weeks. From the fifth week, intragastric administration of sesamin (120, 60 and 30 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) lasted for eight weeks. Blood pressure (BP), blood fat (BF), blood glucose (BG), free fatty acids (FFA), insulin (Ins), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6 were determined. Pathological changes of pancreas, perirenal fat and liver were semiquantitatively analyzed. In sesamin (120 and 60 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) group, it was found that there were decrease of levels of BP, BF, BG, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and FFA, improvement of insulin resistance and glucose tolerance, alleviation of body weight, humid weight of fat, liver and pancreas and their organ index, and reduction of islet cell hyperplasia and amount of lipid droplet vacuoles in lipocyte and hepatocyte. It is implied that sesamin had anti-lipotoxic effect and its mechanism may be closely associated with the amelioration of insulin resistance via reducing lipidoses in hepatocyte and inflammatory adipokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-6.

Topics: Adipocytes; Animals; Anticholesteremic Agents; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Diet, High-Fat; Dioxoles; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Glucose Tolerance Test; Hypertension, Renovascular; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Interleukin-6; Islets of Langerhans; Lignans; Liver; Male; Pancreas; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sucrose; Triglycerides; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

To observe the effect of Tiangou Jiangya capsule (TJC) on blood pressure in renovascular hypertension rats and explore its possible mechanism.. Seventy-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, captopril group, TJC small, medium and high dose groups. Non-invasive blood pressure measurement was used to detect the arterial blood pressure of rat tails. PRA, Ang II , ALD, 6-Keto-PGF1alpha, ET and TXB2 content in blood was measured by radioimmunoassay. NO content in blood was determined by method of nitrate reductase.. The systolic, diastolic and mean pressure significantly increased, serum PRA, Ang II , ALD decreased, ET levels significantly increased in model group rats. TJC significantly reduced blood pressure, improved the plasma renin activity, decreased ET levels and increased NO content of model rats.. TJC can reduce blood pressure of renovascular hypertention rats, and the mechanism may be related to its regulating lower blood pressure regulation of the secretion of RAAS system and improving vascular endothelial function.

Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzyl Alcohols; Blood Pressure; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavonoids; Furans; Glucosides; Hypertension, Renovascular; Lignans; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Renin; Renin-Angiotensin System

The present study was designed to evaluate the possible in vivo protective effects of sesamin on hypertension and endothelial function in two-kidney, one-clip renovascular hypertensive rats fed with a high-fat, high-sucrose diet (2K1C rats on HFS diet). Sesamin was orally administered for 8 weeks in 2K1C rats on HFS diet. Then, the serum malondialdehyde level was determined. The protein expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), nitrotyrosine and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunit p47(phox) in aortas was detected by Western blotting. Vasorelaxation response to acetylcholine and nitroprusside, and functional assessment of nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity were also determined in aortic rings. Sesamin treatment reduced systolic blood pressure, improved vasodilatation induced by acetylcholine and enhanced NO bioactivity in the thoracic aortas. These changes were associated with increased eNOS, decreased malondialdehyde content, and reduced nitrotyrosine and p47(phox) protein expression. All these results suggest that chronic treatment with sesamin reduces hypertension and improves endothelial dysfunction through upregulation of eNOS expression and reduction of NO oxidative inactivation in 2K1C rats on HFS diet.

Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Aorta; Blood Pressure; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fats; Dioxoles; Endothelium, Vascular; Gene Expression Regulation; Hypertension, Renovascular; Lignans; Lipids; Male; Malondialdehyde; NADPH Oxidases; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sucrose; Tyrosine

In the present study, we evaluated the relationship between the antihypertensive effect of sesamin, a lignan from sesame oil, and its antioxidative activity in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats. After a 5-week treatment period, systolic blood pressure was significantly elevated in normal diet-fed DOCA-salt animals compared with cases in sham-operated animals. Sesamin feeding, tempol (a superoxide dismutase mimetic) treatment or antihypertensive drugs combination (triple therapy; reserpine, hydralazine, hydrochlorothiazide) significantly suppressed the development of DOCA-salt-induced hypertension. Compared with sham-operated rats, the normal diet-fed DOCA-salt rats revealed marked increases in aortic superoxide (O(2)(-)) production. These increases in O(2)(-) production were significantly suppressed by sesamin feeding or tempol treatment, but not by triple therapy. Acetylcholine (Ach)-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation was markedly decreased in normal diet-fed DOCA-salt rats, compared with cases in sham-operated rats. Sesamin feeding and triple therapy significantly improved the DOCA-salt-induced impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation. However, tempol treatment had no effect on the impaired vasodilator responses induced by DOCA-salt treatment. In DOCA-salt rats with or without sesamin feeding, systolic blood pressure significantly correlated with both aortic O(2)(-) production and endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation. These findings suggest that sesamin feeding inhibits the enhancement of aortic O(2)(-) production in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats, and this effect may contribute to the antihypertensive effect of sesamin. Sesamin feeding-induced improvement of endothelial dysfunction seems to result from the above antioxidative and antihypertensive effects.

Topics: Acetylcholine; Administration, Oral; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Aorta; Blood Pressure; Cyclic N-Oxides; Desoxycorticosterone; Dioxoles; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drug Therapy, Combination; Endothelium, Vascular; Hypertension; Hypertension, Renovascular; Lignans; Male; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spin Labels; Superoxides; Vasodilation

We investigated the antihypertensive effect of sesamin, a lignan from sesame oil, using two-kidney, one-clip (2K,1C) renal hypertensive rats. After clipping the left renal artery, animals were assigned to either a normal diet group (control group) or a sesamin-containing (1% (w/w)) diet group (sesamin group). The sham-operated rats (sham group) were fed a normal diet and tap water. The systolic blood pressure of the control group increased progressively in comparison with the sham group. This 2K,1C-induced hypertension was markedly reduced by feeding the sesamin-containing diet. The systolic blood pressure after 4 weeks was 123.60 +/- 4.01 mmHg in the sham group, 187.43 +/- 5.69 mmHg in the control group and 145.57 +/- 6.78 mmHg in the sesamin group, respectively. There were significant increases in left ventricle plus septum weight-body weight ratio in the control group compared with the sham group. This rise was also significantly reduced in the sesamin group. When the thoracic aorta was histochemically evaluated, the wall thickness and wall-to-lumen ratio in the control group were significantly increased, compared with the sham group, indicating that vascular hypertrophy had occurred in the control group. The sesamin diet tended to ameliorate this vascular hypertrophy, although its effect was not statistically significant. These findings suggest that sesamin is useful as prophylactic treatment to combat the development of renal hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy.

Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Cardiomegaly; Dioxoles; Hypertension, Renovascular; Lignans; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sesame Oil