lignans and Carcinoma--Ovarian-Epithelial

Gomisin A (GA) is an effective component of

Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Complex Mixtures; Cyclin B1; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; Cyclooctanes; Cysteine; Dioxoles; Eosine Yellowish-(YS); Female; Humans; Lignans; Mice; Ovarian Neoplasms; Oxidative Stress; Paclitaxel; Reactive Oxygen Species

Ovarian cancer, one of the three leading malignancies in women, has high incidence and mortality worldwide. It is hard to diagnose until very late stages and the 5-year survival rate is very low, due mostly to its distant metastasis. Chemotherapy is currently the most common treatment to inhibit cancer growth, but long-term use could result in resistance and tumor recurrence in addition to damages to normal tissues and functions of the patients. In order to achieve safe and curative effects against cancers, many investigators have focused their attention on traditional Chinese herbal medicines. Paclitaxel, a natural antitumor agent, has significant effects on advanced malignancies including ovarian cancer and is in the standard front-line treatment. Additional natural anticancer substances have continually been discovered for their high effectiveness and low side-effects in ovarian cancer prevention and therapy. In this chapter, we summarize recent work on a selected group of natural components, including lignans, ellagic acid, luteolin, mangiferin, and Acanthopanax senticosus, which have all been demonstrated to reduce the progress of epithelial ovarian cancer in a dose-depend manner, by both in vitro and in vivo experiments. The mechanisms of the anticancer activities by these natural components involve expression suppression of MMP2 and MMP9.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; Female; Humans; Lignans; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Ovarian Neoplasms

While there is extensive literature evaluating the impact of phytoestrogen consumption on breast cancer risk, its role on ovarian cancer has received little attention.. We conducted a population-based case-control study to evaluate phytoestrogen intake from foods and supplements and epithelial ovarian cancer risk. Cases were identified in six counties in New Jersey through the New Jersey State Cancer Registry. Controls were identified by random digit dialing, CMS (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Service) lists, and area sampling. A total of 205 cases and 390 controls were included in analyses. Unconditional logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine associations with total phytoestrogens, as well as isoflavones (daidzein, genistein, formononetin, and glycitein), lignans (matairesinol, lariciresinol, pinoresinol, secoisolariciresinol), and coumestrol.. No statistically significant associations were found with any of the phytoestrogens under evaluation. However, there was a suggestion of an inverse association with total phytoestrogen consumption (from foods and supplements), with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.62 (95% CI: 0.38-1.00; p for trend: 0.04) for the highest vs. lowest tertile of consumption, after adjusting for reproductive covariates, age, race, education, BMI, and total energy. Further adjustment for smoking and physical activity attenuated risk estimates (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.41-1.08). There was little evidence of an inverse association for isoflavones, lignans, or coumestrol.. This study provided some suggestion that phytoestrogen consumption may decrease ovarian cancer risk, although results did not reach statistical significance.

Topics: Adult; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; Case-Control Studies; Confidence Intervals; Coumestrol; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Isoflavones; Lignans; Middle Aged; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial; New Jersey; Odds Ratio; Ovarian Neoplasms; Phytoestrogens; Regression Analysis; Soy Foods; Women's Health