lidocaine and Torsade de Pointes studies

Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.
lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"This study investigated whether ranolazine reduces dofetilide-induced torsades de pointes (TdP) in a model of long QT syndrome with down-regulated K(+) currents due to hypertrophic remodeling in the dog with chronic atrioventricular block (cAVB)."	7.76	Late na(+) current inhibition by ranolazine reduces torsades de pointes in the chronic atrioventricular block dog model. ( Antoons, G; Beekman, JD; Belardinelli, L; Engelen, MA; Houtman, MJ; Oros, A; Stengl, M; Vos, MA, 2010)
"Despite continuing controversies regarding its antiarrhythmic and antifibrillatory efficacy lidocaine is frequently used for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias occurring in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction (MI)."	7.69	Facilitation of reentry by lidocaine in canine myocardial infarction. ( Fazekas, T; Lazzara, R; Mabo, P; Patterson, E; Scherlag, BJ, 1994)
"Torsade de pointes is a polymorphic ventricular tachyarrhythmia associated with a long QT interval."	6.40	Torsade de pointes with sotalol overdose treated successfully with lidocaine. ( Assimes, TL; Malcolm, I, 1998)
"Sulpiride-induced torsades de pointes is rare."	5.35	Long QT syndrome and torsades de pointes induced by acute sulpiride poisoning. ( Chang, JH; Fang, CC; Weng, TI, 2009)
"Repeated torsade de pointes tachycardia resulted in hemodynamic compromise and were terminated by defibrillations."	5.31	[QT prolongation and torsade de pointes tachycardia during therapy with maprotiline. Differential diagnostic and therapeutic aspects]. ( Bauriedel, G; Lentini, S; Lüderitz, B; Rao, ML; Schröder, R, 2001)
"This study investigated whether ranolazine reduces dofetilide-induced torsades de pointes (TdP) in a model of long QT syndrome with down-regulated K(+) currents due to hypertrophic remodeling in the dog with chronic atrioventricular block (cAVB)."	3.76	Late na(+) current inhibition by ranolazine reduces torsades de pointes in the chronic atrioventricular block dog model. ( Antoons, G; Beekman, JD; Belardinelli, L; Engelen, MA; Houtman, MJ; Oros, A; Stengl, M; Vos, MA, 2010)
" After temporary transvenous pacing and administration of intravenous lidocaine, no recurrence of torsade de pointes was found."	3.75	Complete atrioventricular block associated with takotsubo cardiomyopathy. ( Inoue, M; Kanaya, H; Matsubara, T; Miwa, K; Uno, Y; Yasuda, T, 2009)
"Despite continuing controversies regarding its antiarrhythmic and antifibrillatory efficacy lidocaine is frequently used for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias occurring in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction (MI)."	3.69	Facilitation of reentry by lidocaine in canine myocardial infarction. ( Fazekas, T; Lazzara, R; Mabo, P; Patterson, E; Scherlag, BJ, 1994)
"An intravenous bolus injection and subsequent continuous infusion of NIF at a relatively low dosage were effective in treating severe ventricular tachyarrhythmias complicating ACS, reducing the potential risk of proarrhythmia."	2.74	Effects of intravenous nifekalant as a lifesaving drug for severe ventricular tachyarrhythmias complicating acute coronary syndrome. ( Abe, A; Ikeda, T; Ishiguro, H; Mera, H; Miwa, Y; Miyakoshi, M; Shimizu, H; Tsukada, T; Yoshino, H; Yusu, S, 2009)
"Torsade de pointes is a polymorphic ventricular tachyarrhythmia associated with a long QT interval."	2.40	Torsade de pointes with sotalol overdose treated successfully with lidocaine. ( Assimes, TL; Malcolm, I, 1998)
"Lidocaine was ineffective or had deleterious effects in 15 patients where electrical cardioversion required repeated use with an average of 5 times/patient."	2.38	Torsade de pointe. Report of 18 cases. ( Araoya, M; Chalak, W; Rifaat, M; Taha, A, 1993)
"The high predisposition to Torsade de Pointes (TdP) in dogs with chronic AV-block (CAVB) is well documented."	1.36	Robust anti-arrhythmic efficacy of verapamil and flunarizine against dofetilide-induced TdP arrhythmias is based upon a shared and a different mode of action. ( Antoons, G; Attevelt, NJ; Beekman, JD; Belardinelli, L; Gomez, AM; Houtman, MJ; Neco, P; Oosterhoff, P; Oros, A; Rajamani, S; Richard, S; van der Heyden, MA; Ver Donck, L; Vos, MA, 2010)
"Citalopram overdose may produce bradycardia, QT prolongation, and torsades de pointes (TdP)."	1.35	Citalopram overdose: late presentation of torsades de pointes (TdP) with cardiac arrest. ( Hoffman, RS; Nelson, L; Tarabar, AF, 2008)
"Sulpiride-induced torsades de pointes is rare."	1.35	Long QT syndrome and torsades de pointes induced by acute sulpiride poisoning. ( Chang, JH; Fang, CC; Weng, TI, 2009)
"Pretreatment with ranolazine (480 microg/kg/min) or lidocaine (200 microg/kg/min) reduced the clofilium-induced prolongation of QTc (15 +/- 3 and 19 +/- 3%, respectively, p < 0."	1.35	Antitorsadogenic effects of ({+/-})-N-(2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-(4[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]-1-piperazine (ranolazine) in anesthetized rabbits. ( Belardinelli, L; Dhalla, AK; Robertson, C; Wang, WQ, 2008)
"Lidocaine was substituted for oral mexiletine, and esmolol for propranolol."	1.34	Neonatal life-threatening arrhythmia responding to lidocaine, a probable LQTS3. ( Antúnez Jiménez, MI; Betrián Blasco, P; Falcón González, LH; Suárez Cabrera, P, 2007)
"Repeated torsade de pointes tachycardia resulted in hemodynamic compromise and were terminated by defibrillations."	1.31	[QT prolongation and torsade de pointes tachycardia during therapy with maprotiline. Differential diagnostic and therapeutic aspects]. ( Bauriedel, G; Lentini, S; Lüderitz, B; Rao, ML; Schröder, R, 2001)
"To investigate out-of-hospital ventricular tachycardia (VT) cardiac arrest patients, comparing the prevalences and outcomes of the following VT subtypes among this population: monomorphic VT (MVT), polymorphic VT (PVT), and torsades de pointes (TdP, PVT with a prolonged QT interval)."	1.30	Prevalence, therapeutic response, and outcome of ventricular tachycardia in the out-of-hospital setting: a comparison of monomorphic ventricular tachycardia, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, and torsades de pointes. ( Brady, WJ; DeBehnke, DJ; Laundrie, D, 1999)
"Pimozide is a diphenylpiperidine neuroleptic with well characterized cardiovascular side effects including QT prolongation."	1.29	Case report: reversible QT prolongation with torsades de pointes in a patient with pimozide intoxication. ( Krähenbühl, S; Krause, M; Kupferschmidt, H; Meier, PJ; Sauter, B; Wyss, PA, 1995)
"Torsade de pointes (TdP) syncopal episodes were almost invariably precipitated by emotional stress or menstruation in a 17-year-old girl."	1.28	Role of early afterdepolarization in familial long QTU syndrome and torsade de pointes. ( Liu, WY; Zheng, LR; Zhou, JT, 1992)

Research

Studies (31)

Authors

Clinical Trials (3)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Change in Relationship (Ratio) Between Heart Rate and QT

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	11 (35.48)	18.2507
2000's	12 (38.71)	29.6817
2010's	6 (19.35)	24.3611
2020's	2 (6.45)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Ola, O	1
Gharacholou, SM	1
Del-Carpio Munoz, F	1
Arias, MA	1
Pachón, M	1
Loughlin, G	1
Cuneo, BF	2
Strasburger, JF	2
Yu, S	1
Horigome, H	1
Hosono, T	1
Kandori, A	1
Wakai, RT	2
Beyer, A	1
Ganti, B	1
Majkrzak, A	1
Theyyunni, N	1
Vicente, J	1
Johannesen, L	1
Hosseini, M	1
Mason, JW	1
Sager, PT	1
Pueyo, E	1
Strauss, DG	1
Tarabar, AF	1
Hoffman, RS	1
Nelson, L	1
Inoue, M	1
Kanaya, H	1
Matsubara, T	1
Uno, Y	1
Yasuda, T	1
Miwa, K	1
Yusu, S	1
Ikeda, T	1
Mera, H	1
Miyakoshi, M	1
Miwa, Y	1
Abe, A	1
Tsukada, T	1
Ishiguro, H	1
Shimizu, H	1
Yoshino, H	1
Chang, JH	1
Weng, TI	1
Fang, CC	1
Takaya, T	1
Okamoto, M	1
Yodoi, K	1
Hata, K	1
Kijima, Y	1
Nakajima, H	1
Nishikawa, Y	1
Kita, T	1
Ito, M	1
Seo, T	1
Kawashima, S	1
Antoons, G	2
Oros, A	2
Beekman, JD	2
Engelen, MA	1
Houtman, MJ	2
Belardinelli, L	3
Stengl, M	1
Vos, MA	2
Neco, P	1
Gomez, AM	1
Rajamani, S	1
Oosterhoff, P	1
Attevelt, NJ	1
van der Heyden, MA	1
Ver Donck, L	1
Richard, S	1
Komarlu, R	1
Beerman, L	1
Freeman, D	1
Arora, G	1
Ovadia, M	1
Zhao, H	1
Petropulos, T	1
Schneider, J	1
Kukla, P	1
Bromblik, A	1
Malecka-Tomasik, D	1
Slowiak-Lewinska, T	1
Betrián Blasco, P	1
Antúnez Jiménez, MI	1
Falcón González, LH	1
Suárez Cabrera, P	1
Wang, WQ	1
Robertson, C	1
Dhalla, AK	1
Kurita, T	1
Ohe, T	1
Shimizu, W	1
Hotta, D	1
Shimomura, K	1
Fazekas, T	1
Scherlag, BJ	1
Mabo, P	1
Patterson, E	1
Lazzara, R	1
Krähenbühl, S	1
Sauter, B	1
Kupferschmidt, H	1
Krause, M	1
Wyss, PA	1
Meier, PJ	1
Paris, DG	1
Parente, TF	1
Bruschetta, HR	1
Guzman, E	1
Niarchos, AP	1
Chalak, W	1
Taha, A	1
Araoya, M	1
Rifaat, M	1
Carlsson, L	1
Drews, L	1
Duker, G	1
Schiller-Linhardt, G	1
Assimes, TL	1
Malcolm, I	1
Watanabe, O	1
Okumura, T	1
Takeda, H	1
Nakamura, W	1
Segawa, K	1
Ito, H	1
Yoshimoto, N	1
Brady, WJ	1
DeBehnke, DJ	1
Laundrie, D	1
Nattel, S	1
Lentini, S	1
Rao, ML	1
Schröder, R	1
Lüderitz, B	1
Bauriedel, G	1
Vital, BO	1
Fontana, MD	1
di, A	1
Heluany, NF	1
Leite, GB	1
Zhou, JT	1
Zheng, LR	1
Liu, WY	1
Inoue, H	1
Sugimoto, T	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Fetal Electrophysiologic Abnormalities in High-risk Pregnancies Associated With Fetal Demise[NCT03775954]		200 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2018-07-01	Recruiting
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Single-Dose, Five Period Crossover Study of the Electrocardiographic Effects of Ranolazine, Dofetilide, Verapamil, and Quinidine in Healthy Subjects[NCT01873950]	Phase 1	22 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-05-31	Completed
Five Period Crossover Study of the Ability of Late Sodium or Calcium Current Block (Mexiletine, Lidocaine, or Diltiazem) to Balance the Electrocardiographic Effects of hERG Potassium Current Block (Dofetilide or Moxifloxacin)[NCT02308748]	Phase 1	22 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-05-31	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Different post-dose time-points employ different techniques for altering heart rate (leg raises and postural maneuvers). Using the measurements from all the time-points of postural maneuvers, the QT/RR relationship was modeled as a linear relationship between the square root of RR in seconds and QT in seconds and computed on a by subject, treatment and time-point basis. The change in the QT and heart rate relationship was assessed as the difference (mean and 95% CI) between the slopes from the models for each drug vs. placebo. (NCT01873950)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Change in Spatial QRS-T Angle Using Exposure/Response (Dofetilide and Verapamil Arms)

Intervention	ratio (Mean)
Ranolazine 1500mg	0.01
Dofetilide 500mcg	0.06
Verapamil HCl 120 mg	0.02
Quinidine Sulfate 400mg	0.11

"The exposure response analysis will be performed for each treatment and will use a linear or nonlinear model (as determined by visual inspection) to quantify the relationship between exposure and Baseline and placebo adjusted change from Baseline for each ECG parameter (same as for primary analysis).~The magnitude of change (mean and 95% CI) in spatial QRS-T angle for the observed mean Cmax for each drug may be calculated." (NCT01873950)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Change in Spatial QRS-T Angle Using Exposure/Response (Ranolazine and Quinidine Arms)

Intervention	degrees per ng/ml (Mean)
Dofetilide 500mcg	-3.9
Verapamil HCl 120 mg	0.4

Change in Ventricular Gradient Using Exposure/Response (Dofetilide and Verapamil Arms)

Intervention	degrees per mcg/ml (Mean)
Ranolazine 1500mg	-1.0
Quinidine Sulfate 400mg	2.7

"The exposure response analysis will be performed for each treatment and will use a linear or nonlinear model (as determined by visual inspection) to quantify the relationship between exposure and Baseline and placebo adjusted change from Baseline for each ECG parameter (same as for primary analysis).~The magnitude of change (mean and 95% CI) in ventricular gradient for the observed mean Cmax for each drug may be calculated." (NCT01873950)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Change in Ventricular Gradient Using Exposure/Response (Ranolazine and Quinidine Arms)

Intervention	mV.ns per ng/ml (Mean)
Dofetilide 500mcg	4.0
Verapamil HCl 120 mg	1.2

"The exposure response analysis will be performed for each treatment and will use a linear or nonlinear model (as determined by visual inspection) to quantify the relationship between exposure and Baseline and placebo adjusted change from Baseline for each ECG parameter (same as for primary analysis).~The magnitude of change (mean and 95% CI) in ventricular gradient for the observed mean Cmax for each drug may be calculated." (NCT01873950)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Placebo, and Baseline-adjusted Changes in Spatial QRS-T Angle

Intervention	mV.ns per mcg/ml (Mean)
Ranolazine 1500mg	-0.7
Quinidine Sulfate 400mg	1.6

Compute maximum mean placebo, and baseline-adjusted change for: spatial QRS-T angle (degrees) (NCT01873950)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Placebo, and Baseline-adjusted Changes in Ventricular Gradient

Intervention	degrees (Least Squares Mean)
Ranolazine 1500mg	-2.2
Dofetilide 500mcg	-4.9
Verapamil HCl 120 mg	-2.4
Quinidine Sulfate 400mg	3.9

Compute maximum mean placebo, and baseline-adjusted change for: ventricular gradient (mV*ms). (NCT01873950)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Change in PR, QRS, J-Tpeak, Tpeak-Tend and QTc Using Exposure/Response (Dofetilide and Verapamil Arms)

Intervention	mV*ms (Least Squares Mean)
Ranolazine 1500mg	2.5
Dofetilide 500mcg	4.8
Verapamil HCl 120 mg	4.2
Quinidine Sulfate 400mg	6.0

"The exposure response analysis will be performed for each treatment and will use a linear or nonlinear model (as determined by visual inspection) to quantify the relationship between exposure and Baseline and placebo adjusted change from Baseline for each ECG parameter (same as for primary analysis).~The magnitude of change (mean and 95% CI) in QTc for the observed mean Cmax for each drug may be calculated." (NCT01873950)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Change in PR, QRS, J-Tpeak, Tpeak-Tend and QTc Using Exposure/Response (Ranolazine and Quinidine Arms)

Intervention	ms per ng/ml (Mean)
	Change in PR	Change in QTc	Change in QRS	Change in J-Tpeakc	Change in Tpeak-Tend
Dofetilide 500mcg	-0.5	73.6	0.2	39.1	34.4
Verapamil HCl 120 mg	28.7	3.9	0.3	-0.7	3.6

"The exposure response analysis will be performed for each treatment and will use a linear or nonlinear model (as determined by visual inspection) to quantify the relationship between exposure and Baseline and placebo adjusted change from Baseline for each ECG parameter (same as for primary analysis).~The magnitude of change (mean and 95% CI) in QTc for the observed mean Cmax for each drug may be calculated." (NCT01873950)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Placebo, and Baseline-adjusted Changes in PR, QRS, J-Tpeak, Tpeak-Tend and QTc

Intervention	ms per mcg/ml (Mean)
	Change in PR	Change in QTc	Change in QRS	Change in J-Tpeakc	Change in Tpeak-Tend
Quinidine Sulfate 400mg	3.0	78.9	0.4	26.1	51.2
Ranolazine 1500mg	4.2	12.0	0.8	0.7	10.0

Compute maximum mean placebo, and baseline-adjusted change for: PR (ms), QRS (ms), J-Tpeak (ms), Tpeak-Tend (ms) and QTc (ms) (NCT01873950)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Change in Placebo Corrected Change From Baseline QTc Interval on the ECG Measured in Milliseconds When Moxifloxacin is Administered With Diltiazem at the Evening Dose Compared to When Moxifloxacin is Administered Alone at Afternoon Dose on Treatment Day.

Intervention	ms (Least Squares Mean)
	Change in PR interval	Change in QRS duration	Change in J-Tpeakc	Change in Tpeak-Tend	Change in QTc
Dofetilide 500mcg	2.3	1.1	39.5	40.0	79.3
Quinidine Sulfate 400mg	5.1	2.1	29.1	49.8	78.1
Ranolazine 1500mg	6.5	2.7	3.3	8.8	12.6
Verapamil HCl 120 mg	32.1	2.6	-2.4	4.8	5.2

Evening dose (moxifloxacin+diltiazem) versus afternoon dose (diltiazem alone). (NCT02308748)
Timeframe: 5 weeks

Change in Placebo Corrected Change From Baseline QTc and J-Tpeakc Intervals on the ECG Measured in Milliseconds When Dofetilide is Administered With Mexiletine or Lidocaine Compared to When Dofetilide is Administered Alone at Evening Dose on Treatment Day

Intervention	ms (Mean)
Moxifloxacin Alone	29.9
Moxifloxacin + Diltiazem	31.3

After 3rd dose of mexiletine or lidocaine (evening dose) on treatment day when combined with dofetilide to evening dose on dofetilide alone day. (NCT02308748)
Timeframe: 5 weeks

Intervention	ms (Mean)
	Placebo corrected change from baseline in QTc	Placebo corrected change from baseline in J-Tpeakc
Dofetilide + Lidocaine	18	3.5
Dofetilide + Mexiletine	20.4	0.8
Dofetilide Alone	37.9	24.0

Article	Year
Torsades de pointes induced by erythromycin and terfenadine. The American journal of emergency medicine, 1994, Volume: 12, Issue:6 Topics: Drug Therapy, Combination; Electrocardiography; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Lidocaine; Magnesium;	1994
Torsade de pointe. Report of 18 cases. Le Journal medical libanais. The Lebanese medical journal, 1993, Volume: 41, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Causality; Combined Modality Therapy; El	1993
Torsade de pointes with sotalol overdose treated successfully with lidocaine. The Canadian journal of cardiology, 1998, Volume: 14, Issue:5 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aged; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Drug Overdose; Electrocardiography; Follo	1998

Article	Year
Electrocardiographic Biomarkers for Detection of Drug-Induced Late Sodium Current Block. PloS one, 2016, Volume: 11, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cross-Over Studies; Electrocardiography; Ether-A-Go-Go	2016
Electrocardiographic Biomarkers for Detection of Drug-Induced Late Sodium Current Block. PloS one, 2016, Volume: 11, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cross-Over Studies; Electrocardiography; Ether-A-Go-Go	2016
Electrocardiographic Biomarkers for Detection of Drug-Induced Late Sodium Current Block. PloS one, 2016, Volume: 11, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cross-Over Studies; Electrocardiography; Ether-A-Go-Go	2016
Electrocardiographic Biomarkers for Detection of Drug-Induced Late Sodium Current Block. PloS one, 2016, Volume: 11, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cross-Over Studies; Electrocardiography; Ether-A-Go-Go	2016
Effects of intravenous nifekalant as a lifesaving drug for severe ventricular tachyarrhythmias complicating acute coronary syndrome. Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society, 2009, Volume: 73, Issue:11 Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Blood Pressure; Electrocardiograp	2009

Article	Year
Massive Discordant T-Wave Alternans and Imminent Torsades de Pointes: The "Elephant in the Room". JAMA internal medicine, 2021, 10-01, Volume: 181, Issue:10 Topics: Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Chest Pain; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans;	2021
New Onset Recurrent Syncope Triggered by Fever. Circulation, 2020, 03-17, Volume: 141, Issue:11 Topics: Amiodarone; Coronary Angiography; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electric Countershock; Electrocardiogra	2020
In utero diagnosis of long QT syndrome by magnetocardiography. Circulation, 2013, Nov-12, Volume: 128, Issue:20 Topics: Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Cohort Studies; Electrocardiography; Female; Fetal Diseases; Genetic Associa	2013
A Perfect Storm: Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Associated Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia. The Journal of emergency medicine, 2017, Volume: 52, Issue:4 Topics: Adenine; Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Cardiotonic Agents; Electric Cou	2017
Citalopram overdose: late presentation of torsades de pointes (TdP) with cardiac arrest. Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology, 2008, Volume: 4, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Citalopram; Drug Overdose;	2008
Complete atrioventricular block associated with takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society, 2009, Volume: 73, Issue:3 Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Electrocardiography; Female; Heart Block; Humans; Lidocai	2009
Long QT syndrome and torsades de pointes induced by acute sulpiride poisoning. The American journal of emergency medicine, 2009, Volume: 27, Issue:8 Topics: Dopamine Antagonists; Female; Humans; Lidocaine; Long QT Syndrome; Magnesium Sulfate; Sulpiride; Tor	2009
Torsades de Pointes with QT prolongation related to donepezil use. Journal of cardiology, 2009, Volume: 54, Issue:3 Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Colitis; Donepezil; Electrocardiogr	2009
Late na(+) current inhibition by ranolazine reduces torsades de pointes in the chronic atrioventricular block dog model. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2010, Feb-23, Volume: 55, Issue:8 Topics: Acetanilides; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Atrioventricular Block; Dogs; Lidocaine; Models, Anim	2010
Robust anti-arrhythmic efficacy of verapamil and flunarizine against dofetilide-induced TdP arrhythmias is based upon a shared and a different mode of action. British journal of pharmacology, 2010, Volume: 161, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Calcium Signaling; Cell Line; Dogs; Flunarizine; Humans; Lidocaine;	2010
Fetal and neonatal presentation of long QT syndrome. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE, 2012, Volume: 35, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Electrocardiography; ERG1 Potassium Channel; Et	2012
Prenatal diagnosis and in utero treatment of torsades de pointes associated with congenital long QT syndrome. The American journal of cardiology, 2003, Jun-01, Volume: 91, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Echocardiography; Electrocardiography; Female; Fetal Diseases; Gestat	2003
[Intracranial hemorrhage complicated by recurrent polymorphic ventricular torsade de pointes tachycardia]. Kardiologia polska, 2003, Volume: 58, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electrocardiography; Fatal Outcome; Female; Humans; Intracranial He	2003
Neonatal life-threatening arrhythmia responding to lidocaine, a probable LQTS3. International journal of cardiology, 2007, Apr-25, Volume: 117, Issue:2 Topics: Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lidocaine; Long QT Syndrome; Male; Torsades de Poin	2007
Antitorsadogenic effects of ({+/-})-N-(2,6-dimethyl-phenyl)-(4[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]-1-piperazine (ranolazine) in anesthetized rabbits. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 2008, Volume: 325, Issue:3 Topics: Acetanilides; Action Potentials; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; A	2008
Early afterdepolarization in a patient with complete atrioventricular block and torsades de pointes. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE, 1993, Volume: 16, Issue:1 Pt 1 Topics: Action Potentials; Aged; Bradycardia; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Electrocardiography; Female; Heart	1993
Facilitation of reentry by lidocaine in canine myocardial infarction. Acta physiologica Hungarica, 1994, Volume: 82, Issue:3 Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Chronic Disease; Dogs; Electrocardiography; Electrophysiology; Heart Conduct	1994
Case report: reversible QT prolongation with torsades de pointes in a patient with pimozide intoxication. The American journal of the medical sciences, 1995, Volume: 309, Issue:6 Topics: Electrocardiography; Female; Humans; Lidocaine; Magnesium; Middle Aged; Pimozide; Schizophrenia; Sui	1995
Attenuation of proarrhythmias related to delayed repolarization by low-dose lidocaine in the anesthetized rabbit. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1993, Volume: 267, Issue:3 Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; El	1993
Nicorandil, a potassium channel opener, abolished torsades de pointes in a patient with complete atrioventricular block. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE, 1999, Volume: 22, Issue:4 Pt 1 Topics: Aged; Anesthetics, Local; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Bradycardia; Cardiotonic Agents; Electrocardiograp	1999
Prevalence, therapeutic response, and outcome of ventricular tachycardia in the out-of-hospital setting: a comparison of monomorphic ventricular tachycardia, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, and torsades de pointes. Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, 1999, Volume: 6, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Electric Countershock; Electrocardiogra	1999
Effects of ionic remodeling on cardiac antiarrhythmic drug actions. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 2001, Volume: 38, Issue:6 Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Atrial Fibrillation; Down-Regulation; Electric C	2001
[QT prolongation and torsade de pointes tachycardia during therapy with maprotiline. Differential diagnostic and therapeutic aspects]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 2001, Dec-07, Volume: 126, Issue:49 Topics: Aged; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Coronary Angiography; Diagno	2001
Actions of Androctonus australis and Leiurus quinquestriatus venoms in the rat isolated atria and anesthetized rats; effect of magnesium and lidocaine. Journal of natural toxins, 2002, Volume: 11, Issue:1 Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Atrial Function; Drug Interactions; Heart Atria; Hemodynamics; In Vitro	2002
Role of early afterdepolarization in familial long QTU syndrome and torsade de pointes. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE, 1992, Volume: 15, Issue:11 Pt 2 Topics: Action Potentials; Adolescent; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Epinephrine; Female; Heart Conduction Sys	1992
Torsades de pointes and ventricular fibrillation in a canine model of quinidine-induced QT prolongation. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1992, Jan-27, Volume: 644 Topics: Animals; Bretylium Tosylate; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Dogs; Female; Heart Conduction System; Isop	1992

lidocaine and Torsade de Pointes