lidocaine and Tachycardia, Ventricular studies

Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.
lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.

Tachycardia, Ventricular: An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation).

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"More than 20 randomized trials and 4 meta-analyses have been conducted on the use of prophylactic lidocaine in acute myocardial infarction (MI)."	10.19	Multicenter randomized trial and a systematic overview of lidocaine in acute myocardial infarction. ( Alexander, JH; Dyduszynski, A; Granger, CB; Kong, DF; Kuch, J; Nartowicz, E; Sadowski, ZP; Skrabucha, B; Swiatecka, G, 1999)
"In this randomized, double-blind trial, we compared parenteral amiodarone, lidocaine, and saline placebo, along with standard care, in adults who had nontraumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, shock-refractory ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia after at least one shock, and vascular access."	9.22	Amiodarone, Lidocaine, or Placebo in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. ( Aufderheide, TP; Brienza, AM; Brown, SP; Callaway, CW; Christenson, J; Colella, MR; Daya, M; Desvigne-Nickens, P; Dorian, P; Dunford, JV; Egan, D; Gray, PC; Gray, R; Idris, AH; Kudenchuk, PJ; Leroux, B; Morrison, LJ; Nichol, G; Ornato, JP; Rea, T; Seals, N; Stiell, IG; Straight, R; Vaillancourt, C; Vilke, GM; Weisfeldt, ML; Wittwer, L, 2016)
"Prospective evaluations of intravenous lidocaine as therapy for sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) in the absence of acute myocardial infarction are lacking."	9.07	Evaluation of intravenous lidocaine for the termination of sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia in patients with coronary artery disease with or without healed myocardial infarction. ( Doyle, TK; Nasir, N; Pacifico, A; Taylor, A, 1994)
" We included adult patients with shockable rhythms, such as ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia, who were administered either lidocaine or amiodarone."	8.12	Comparison of the effects of lidocaine and amiodarone for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with shockable rhythms: a retrospective observational study from a multicenter registry. ( Amagasa, S; Fukushima, F; Kashiura, M; Kishihara, Y; Moriya, T; Yasuda, H, 2022)
"To determine the association between amiodarone and lidocaine and outcomes in children with cardiac arrest with pulseless ventricular tachycardia (pVT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF)."	7.80	Outcomes associated with amiodarone and lidocaine in the treatment of in-hospital pediatric cardiac arrest with pulseless ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. ( Berg, MD; Berg, RA; Donoghue, AJ; Hammond, R; Hoyme, DB; Samson, RA; Valdes, SO, 2014)
" The sheep were prophylactically treated with amiodarone plus lidocaine before ligation of the four to six coronary artery branches supplying the apex of the heart (arrhythmia prevention [AP] group, n = 45) and with epinephrine (shock prevention [SP] group, n = 49), respectively."	7.79	Prophylactic amiodarone and lidocaine improve survival in an ovine model of large size myocardial infarction. ( Griffith, BP; Li, T; Sanchez, PG; Watkins, AC; Wei, X; Wu, ZJ, 2013)
"To compare the efficacy and safety of nifekalant, a pure class III anti-arrhythmic drug, and lidocaine in patients with shock-resistant in-hospital ventricular fibrillation (VF) or ventricular tachycardia (VT)."	7.76	Nifekalant versus lidocaine for in-hospital shock-resistant ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia. ( Amino, M; Honda, T; Kasanuki, H; Kato, R; Katoh, T; Matsudo, Y; Ogawa, S; Sagara, K; Shiga, T; Takahashi, A; Takano, T; Tanaka, K; Urashima, M, 2010)
" However, we found an unusual in utero presentation of intermittent atrioventricular block and ventricular tachycardia (spontaneous or lidocaine-induced) in a fetus and his sibling with LQTS."	7.74	In utero onset of long QT syndrome with atrioventricular block and spontaneous or lidocaine-induced ventricular tachycardia: compound effects of hERG pore region mutation and SCN5A N-terminus variant. ( Chahine, M; Chang, CC; Chiu, SN; Christé, G; Ficker, E; Huang, H; Lin, MT; Thériault, O; Wu, MH, 2008)
"We performed a pilsicainide challenge test in a 38-year-old man who was resuscitated from ventricular fibrillation without apparent baseline electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormality."	7.73	Spontaneous polymorphic ventricular tachycardia after administration of pilsicainide in a patient resuscitated from ventricular fibrillation. ( Araki, S; Ogawa, H; Sadanaga, T; Tanaka, Y, 2006)
"Despite continuing controversies regarding its antiarrhythmic and antifibrillatory efficacy lidocaine is frequently used for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias occurring in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction (MI)."	7.69	Facilitation of reentry by lidocaine in canine myocardial infarction. ( Fazekas, T; Lazzara, R; Mabo, P; Patterson, E; Scherlag, BJ, 1994)
"The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of lidocaine and diltiazem on ventricular tachyarrhythmia and dispersion of conduction during severe myocardial ischemia in dogs."	7.69	Effects of lidocaine and diltiazem on ventricular tachyarrhythmia and dispersion of conduction during severe myocardial ischemia in canine hearts. ( Kuraoka, F; Kuroiwa, A; Murasato, Y; Nagamoto, Y; Nakashima, Y; Urabe, T, 1997)
"The effects of lidocaine and diltiazem on recovery of electrophysiologic activity during partial reperfusion following severe myocardial ischemia were investigated in 28 dogs."	7.69	Effects of lidocaine and diltiazem on recovery of electrophysiologic activity during partial reperfusion following severe myocardial ischemia in canine hearts. ( Kuraoka, F; Kuroiwa, A; Murasato, Y; Nagamoto, Y; Nakashima, Y; Urabe, T, 1997)
"We report on the experience accumulated by the subscribers of SHAHAL cardiac services who self-injected intramuscular lidocaine (using an automatic injector "LidoPen") for documented ventricular tachyarrhythmias which were not associated with an acute myocardial infarction."	7.69	Usefulness of self-administration of intramuscular lidocaine in the prehospital setting for ventricular tachyarrhythmias unassociated with acute myocardial infarction (the "Shahal" experience in Israel). ( Bloch, Y; Kaplinski, E; Laniado, S; Malov, N; Roth, A; Schlesinger, Z, 1997)
"We compared the ability of a new amiodarone-like agent, SR 33589, with that of amiodarone, D,L-sotalol, and lignocaine to reduce the incidence of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and associated arrhythmias caused by acute coronary artery occlusion in anesthetized pigs."	7.69	Effects of a new amiodarone-like agent, SR 33589, in comparison to amiodarone, D,L-sotalol, and lignocaine, on ischemia-induced ventricular arrhythmias in anesthetized pigs. ( Chatelain, P; Finance, O; Manning, A, 1995)
"The authors studied the effects of lidocaine in 18 consecutive dogs with myocardial infarction 1 to 4 days after two-stage left anterior descending coronary artery ligation."	7.69	Facilitation of reentry by lidocaine in canine myocardial infarction. ( Fazekas, T; Lazzara, R; Mabo, P; Patterson, E; Scherlag, BJ, 1994)
"The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of lidocaine (L) on ventricular tachyarrhythmias with special reference to ventricular fibrillation (VF)."	7.69	Lidocaine converts inducible ventricular fibrillation into sustained ventricular tachycardia in conscious dogs with recent myocardial infarction. ( Aidonidis, I; Brachmann, J; Kübler, W; Rizos, I; Toutouzas, P, 1994)
"More than 20 randomized trials and 4 meta-analyses have been conducted on the use of prophylactic lidocaine in acute myocardial infarction (MI)."	6.19	Multicenter randomized trial and a systematic overview of lidocaine in acute myocardial infarction. ( Alexander, JH; Dyduszynski, A; Granger, CB; Kong, DF; Kuch, J; Nartowicz, E; Sadowski, ZP; Skrabucha, B; Swiatecka, G, 1999)
"Bupropion is an atypical antidepressant often used in the treatment of depression, tobacco cessation, seasonal affective disorder, and off label for ADHD."	5.72	Treatment of status epilepticus and prolonged QT after massive intentional bupropion overdose with lidocaine. ( Robinson, S, 2022)
"Long QT syndrome is characterized by electrocardiographic appearance of long QT intervals and propensity to polymorphic ventricular tachycardia."	5.38	A neonate with long QT syndrome, refractory ventricular arrhythmias, and lidocaine toxicity. ( Montenegro, LM; Naim, M; Nathan, AT; Vetter, VL, 2012)
"Repeated torsade de pointes tachycardia resulted in hemodynamic compromise and were terminated by defibrillations."	5.31	[QT prolongation and torsade de pointes tachycardia during therapy with maprotiline. Differential diagnostic and therapeutic aspects]. ( Bauriedel, G; Lentini, S; Lüderitz, B; Rao, ML; Schröder, R, 2001)
"No evidence of ischemic heart disease was detected."	5.30	Class IC antiarrhythmic drugs, flecainide and pilsicainide, produce ST segment elevation simulating inferior myocardial ischemia. ( Ito, H; Nakamura, W; Segawa, K; Tanaka, S; Yoshimoto, N, 1998)
"In this randomized, double-blind trial, we compared parenteral amiodarone, lidocaine, and saline placebo, along with standard care, in adults who had nontraumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, shock-refractory ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia after at least one shock, and vascular access."	5.22	Amiodarone, Lidocaine, or Placebo in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. ( Aufderheide, TP; Brienza, AM; Brown, SP; Callaway, CW; Christenson, J; Colella, MR; Daya, M; Desvigne-Nickens, P; Dorian, P; Dunford, JV; Egan, D; Gray, PC; Gray, R; Idris, AH; Kudenchuk, PJ; Leroux, B; Morrison, LJ; Nichol, G; Ornato, JP; Rea, T; Seals, N; Stiell, IG; Straight, R; Vaillancourt, C; Vilke, GM; Weisfeldt, ML; Wittwer, L, 2016)
"Prospective evaluations of intravenous lidocaine as therapy for sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) in the absence of acute myocardial infarction are lacking."	5.07	Evaluation of intravenous lidocaine for the termination of sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia in patients with coronary artery disease with or without healed myocardial infarction. ( Doyle, TK; Nasir, N; Pacifico, A; Taylor, A, 1994)
" We present a case secondary to Chagas disease that was responsive to lidocaine."	4.12	The imperfect storm: An uncommon presentation of Chagas disease. ( Johnson, MC; Wang, L, 2022)
" We included adult patients with shockable rhythms, such as ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia, who were administered either lidocaine or amiodarone."	4.12	Comparison of the effects of lidocaine and amiodarone for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with shockable rhythms: a retrospective observational study from a multicenter registry. ( Amagasa, S; Fukushima, F; Kashiura, M; Kishihara, Y; Moriya, T; Yasuda, H, 2022)
"To determine the association between amiodarone or lidocaine and outcomes in adult in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) with shock-refractory ventricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (pVT)."	3.96	Outcomes associated with amiodarone and lidocaine for the treatment of adult in-hospital cardiac arrest with shock-refractory pulseless ventricular tachyarrhythmia. ( Chang, WT; Chen, WJ; Huang, CH; Liu, YB; Tsai, MS; Wang, CH; Wu, YW; Yu, PH, 2020)
"We administered intravenous pilsicainide to 245 consecutive patients with Brugada syndrome (181 patients with spontaneous type 1 ECG, 64 patients with non-type 1 ECG)."	3.88	Prognostic Significance of the Sodium Channel Blocker Test in Patients With Brugada Syndrome. ( Ito, H; Kawada, S; Miyamoto, M; Morimoto, Y; Morita, H; Nakagawa, K; Nishii, N; Tachibana, M; Ueoka, A; Watanabe, A, 2018)
"Antiarrhythmic agents which belong to class Ia (quinidine) and Ic (flecainide) reportedly increase propensity to ventricular tachyarrhythmia, whereas class Ib agents (lidocaine and mexiletine) are recognized as safe antiarrhythmics."	3.80	Effects of Na+ channel blockers on extrasystolic stimulation-evoked changes in ventricular conduction and repolarization. ( Osadchii, OE, 2014)
"To determine the association between amiodarone and lidocaine and outcomes in children with cardiac arrest with pulseless ventricular tachycardia (pVT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF)."	3.80	Outcomes associated with amiodarone and lidocaine in the treatment of in-hospital pediatric cardiac arrest with pulseless ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. ( Berg, MD; Berg, RA; Donoghue, AJ; Hammond, R; Hoyme, DB; Samson, RA; Valdes, SO, 2014)
" The sheep were prophylactically treated with amiodarone plus lidocaine before ligation of the four to six coronary artery branches supplying the apex of the heart (arrhythmia prevention [AP] group, n = 45) and with epinephrine (shock prevention [SP] group, n = 49), respectively."	3.79	Prophylactic amiodarone and lidocaine improve survival in an ovine model of large size myocardial infarction. ( Griffith, BP; Li, T; Sanchez, PG; Watkins, AC; Wei, X; Wu, ZJ, 2013)
"We conducted a retrospective analysis of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation in Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries in Acute Coronary Syndromes (GUSTO) IIB and GUSTO III and compared all-cause death in patients receiving amiodarone, lidocaine, or no antiarrhythmic."	3.77	Antiarrhythmic drug therapy for sustained ventricular arrhythmias complicating acute myocardial infarction. ( Alexander, JH; Ardissino, D; Califf, RM; Granger, CB; Mehta, RH; Ohman, EM; Piccini, JP; Pieper, KS; Schulte, PJ; Van de Werf, F; White, HD, 2011)
"To compare the efficacy and safety of nifekalant, a pure class III anti-arrhythmic drug, and lidocaine in patients with shock-resistant in-hospital ventricular fibrillation (VF) or ventricular tachycardia (VT)."	3.76	Nifekalant versus lidocaine for in-hospital shock-resistant ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia. ( Amino, M; Honda, T; Kasanuki, H; Kato, R; Katoh, T; Matsudo, Y; Ogawa, S; Sagara, K; Shiga, T; Takahashi, A; Takano, T; Tanaka, K; Urashima, M, 2010)
" However, we found an unusual in utero presentation of intermittent atrioventricular block and ventricular tachycardia (spontaneous or lidocaine-induced) in a fetus and his sibling with LQTS."	3.74	In utero onset of long QT syndrome with atrioventricular block and spontaneous or lidocaine-induced ventricular tachycardia: compound effects of hERG pore region mutation and SCN5A N-terminus variant. ( Chahine, M; Chang, CC; Chiu, SN; Christé, G; Ficker, E; Huang, H; Lin, MT; Thériault, O; Wu, MH, 2008)
"We performed a pilsicainide challenge test in a 38-year-old man who was resuscitated from ventricular fibrillation without apparent baseline electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormality."	3.73	Spontaneous polymorphic ventricular tachycardia after administration of pilsicainide in a patient resuscitated from ventricular fibrillation. ( Araki, S; Ogawa, H; Sadanaga, T; Tanaka, Y, 2006)
"We treated an 88-year-old man with aortic valvular stenosis/insufficiency and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, who developed ventricular tachycardia due to pilsicainide toxicity."	3.72	A case of the toxicity of pilsicainide hydrochloride with comparison of the serial serum pilsicainide levels and electrocardiographic findings. ( Funada, A; Horita, Y; Kaku, B; Kanaya, H; Kitajima, S; Matsumura, M; Satoh, T; Uno, Y; Yamazaki, T, 2004)
" Prenatal treatment with beta-adrenergic blocker (propranolol) and digitalis glycosides was prescribed because of suspicion of long QT syndrome occurring with fetal congestive heart failure."	3.71	Prenatal diagnosis and treatment of fetal long QT syndrome: a case report. ( Chang, IK; Chow, SN; Hsieh, FJ; Kau, ML; Ko, YH; Lee, CN; Shyu, MK, 2002)
" During hospitalization, atrial fibrillation developed, and oral pilsicainide was administered."	3.71	Class I antiarrhythmic drug and coronary vasospasm-induced T wave alternans and ventricular tachyarrhythmia in a patient with Brugada syndrome and vasospastic angina. ( Aizawa, Y; Chinushi, M; Chinushi, Y; Toida, T, 2002)
"Despite continuing controversies regarding its antiarrhythmic and antifibrillatory efficacy lidocaine is frequently used for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias occurring in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction (MI)."	3.69	Facilitation of reentry by lidocaine in canine myocardial infarction. ( Fazekas, T; Lazzara, R; Mabo, P; Patterson, E; Scherlag, BJ, 1994)
"The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of lidocaine (L) on ventricular tachyarrhythmias with special reference to ventricular fibrillation (VF)."	3.69	Lidocaine converts inducible ventricular fibrillation into sustained ventricular tachycardia in conscious dogs with recent myocardial infarction. ( Aidonidis, I; Brachmann, J; Kübler, W; Rizos, I; Toutouzas, P, 1994)
"The authors studied the effects of lidocaine in 18 consecutive dogs with myocardial infarction 1 to 4 days after two-stage left anterior descending coronary artery ligation."	3.69	Facilitation of reentry by lidocaine in canine myocardial infarction. ( Fazekas, T; Lazzara, R; Mabo, P; Patterson, E; Scherlag, BJ, 1994)
"We report on the experience accumulated by the subscribers of SHAHAL cardiac services who self-injected intramuscular lidocaine (using an automatic injector "LidoPen") for documented ventricular tachyarrhythmias which were not associated with an acute myocardial infarction."	3.69	Usefulness of self-administration of intramuscular lidocaine in the prehospital setting for ventricular tachyarrhythmias unassociated with acute myocardial infarction (the "Shahal" experience in Israel). ( Bloch, Y; Kaplinski, E; Laniado, S; Malov, N; Roth, A; Schlesinger, Z, 1997)
"We compared the ability of a new amiodarone-like agent, SR 33589, with that of amiodarone, D,L-sotalol, and lignocaine to reduce the incidence of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and associated arrhythmias caused by acute coronary artery occlusion in anesthetized pigs."	3.69	Effects of a new amiodarone-like agent, SR 33589, in comparison to amiodarone, D,L-sotalol, and lignocaine, on ischemia-induced ventricular arrhythmias in anesthetized pigs. ( Chatelain, P; Finance, O; Manning, A, 1995)
"The effects of lidocaine and diltiazem on recovery of electrophysiologic activity during partial reperfusion following severe myocardial ischemia were investigated in 28 dogs."	3.69	Effects of lidocaine and diltiazem on recovery of electrophysiologic activity during partial reperfusion following severe myocardial ischemia in canine hearts. ( Kuraoka, F; Kuroiwa, A; Murasato, Y; Nagamoto, Y; Nakashima, Y; Urabe, T, 1997)
"The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of lidocaine and diltiazem on ventricular tachyarrhythmia and dispersion of conduction during severe myocardial ischemia in dogs."	3.69	Effects of lidocaine and diltiazem on ventricular tachyarrhythmia and dispersion of conduction during severe myocardial ischemia in canine hearts. ( Kuraoka, F; Kuroiwa, A; Murasato, Y; Nagamoto, Y; Nakashima, Y; Urabe, T, 1997)
" Routine use of intravenous sodium bicarbonate is recommended to combat the severe metabolic acidosis accompanying cardiac arrest."	3.64	THE CHEMOTHERAPY OF CARDIAC ARREST. ( MINUCK, M, 1965)
"An intravenous bolus injection and subsequent continuous infusion of NIF at a relatively low dosage were effective in treating severe ventricular tachyarrhythmias complicating ACS, reducing the potential risk of proarrhythmia."	2.74	Effects of intravenous nifekalant as a lifesaving drug for severe ventricular tachyarrhythmias complicating acute coronary syndrome. ( Abe, A; Ikeda, T; Ishiguro, H; Mera, H; Miwa, Y; Miyakoshi, M; Shimizu, H; Tsukada, T; Yoshino, H; Yusu, S, 2009)
"Procainamide 10 mg/kg was given intravenously with an injection speed of 100 mg/min, and lidocaine was administered at an intravenous dose of 1."	2.68	Comparison of procainamide and lidocaine in terminating sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. ( Gorgels, AP; Hofs, A; Mulleneers, R; Smeets, JL; van den Dool, A; Vos, MA; Wellens, HJ, 1996)
"The mean number of runs of ventricular tachycardia per patient was 0."	2.67	Lidocaine prophylaxis in coronary revascularization patients: a randomized, prospective trial. ( Goldberger, AL; Johnson, RG; Schwartz, M; Sirois, C; Thurer, RL; Weintraub, RM, 1993)
"Sotalol was significantly more effective than lignocaine whether analysed on an intention-to-treat basis (69% vs 18%; 95% confidence interval for absolute difference of 51% 22-80%, p = 0."	2.67	Double-blind trial of lignocaine versus sotalol for acute termination of spontaneous sustained ventricular tachycardia. ( Ho, DS; Richards, DA; Ross, DL; Uther, JB; Zecchin, RP, 1994)
"Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic medication used to treat and prevent certain types of serious, life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias."	2.47	Amiodarone supplants lidocaine in ACLS and CPR protocols. ( Camporesi, EM; Mangar, D; Mizzi, A; Tran, T, 2011)
"Amiodarone is a highly efficacious antiarrhythmic agent for many cardiac arrhythmias, ranging from atrial fibrillation to malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias, and seems to be superior to other antiarrhythmic agents."	2.42	Arrhythmias in the intensive care patient. ( Brandts, B; Trappe, HJ; Weismueller, P, 2003)
"Awake patients in ventricular fibrillation is a phenomenon limited to patients who are mechanically supported."	1.91	Stable Ventricular Fibrillation: A Paradigm Rather Than Septal Shift? ( Bracy, CL; Gupta, R; Hockstein, MA; Hockstein, MJ; Kobres, PY; Lam, PH; Rao, SD; Sheikh, FH, 2023)
"Bupropion is an atypical antidepressant often used in the treatment of depression, tobacco cessation, seasonal affective disorder, and off label for ADHD."	1.72	Treatment of status epilepticus and prolonged QT after massive intentional bupropion overdose with lidocaine. ( Robinson, S, 2022)
"While monomorphic ventricular tachycardia and PVC-triggered polymorphic ventricular tachycardia may sometimes be amenable to successful ablation, some patients may be too critically ill to make such an approach feasible."	1.46	Autonomic Modulation for the Treatment of Ventricular Arrhythmias: Therapeutic Use of Percutaneous Stellate Ganglion Blocks. ( Boortz-Marx, R; Fudim, M; Patel, CB; Piccini, JP; Sun, AY, 2017)
"We present a case of seizure activity in a woman in whom EKG led to a diagnosis of intermittent monomorphic and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (torsades de pointes), highlighting the need for careful consideration of alternative causes of seizures, even in patients with known epilepsy."	1.46	Ventricular tachycardia and prolonged QT interval presenting as seizure-like activity. ( Mitchell, SH; Morris, SC; Wentlandt, M, 2017)
"Idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia of the Belhassen type is rare in infants."	1.42	Verapamil-sensitive idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia in a 6-month-old: unique considerations in diagnosis and management in an infant. ( Cocalis, M; Foltz, R; Hiremath, G; Li, W; Roy-Burman, A; Tanel, RE, 2015)
"No arrhythmia was induced by lidocaine."	1.40	Procainamide and lidocaine produce dissimilar changes in ventricular repolarization and arrhythmogenicity in guinea-pig. ( Osadchii, OE, 2014)
"Recent guidelines for treating ventricular fibrillation (VF) and ventricular tachycardia (VT) stress class III antiarrhythmic drugs, but some malignant arrhythmias refractory to these agents still occur in clinical practice."	1.40	Renewed impact of lidocaine on refractory ventricular arrhythmias in the amiodarone era. ( Ikeda, U; Miura, T; Motoki, H; Okada, A; Takeuchi, T; Tomita, T; Yoshie, K, 2014)
"Bidirectional ventricular tachycardia (BVT) is an uncommon type of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (PVT) with alternating polarity of the QRS complex most commonly described digitalis toxicity."	1.38	Bidirectional ventricular tachycardia due to coronary allograft vasculopathy a unique presentation. ( Bhavnani, SP; Clyne, CA, 2012)
"Long QT syndrome is characterized by electrocardiographic appearance of long QT intervals and propensity to polymorphic ventricular tachycardia."	1.38	A neonate with long QT syndrome, refractory ventricular arrhythmias, and lidocaine toxicity. ( Montenegro, LM; Naim, M; Nathan, AT; Vetter, VL, 2012)
"Ranolazine is a drug that exerts antianginal and antiischemic effects and also acts as an antiarrhythmic in isolation and in combination with other class III medications."	1.37	Ranolazine reduces ventricular tachycardia burden and ICD shocks in patients with drug-refractory ICD shocks. ( Anderson, JL; Bair, TL; Bunch, TJ; Crandall, BG; Day, JD; Lappe, DL; Mader, KM; Mahapatra, S; May, HT; Molden, J; Muhlestein, JB; Murdock, D; Osborn, JS; Weiss, JP, 2011)
"Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is caused by mutations in the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) or calsequestrin (Casq2) and can be difficult to treat."	1.37	Inhibition of cardiac Ca2+ release channels (RyR2) determines efficacy of class I antiarrhythmic drugs in catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. ( Faggioni, M; Hasdemir, C; Hwang, HS; Knollmann, BC; Laver, D; Mehra, D; Turhan, K; Yin, H, 2011)
"Duration of ventricular tachycardia (VT) episodes was reduced from 15."	1.37	First direct comparison of the late sodium current blocker ranolazine to established antiarrhythmic agents in an ischemia/reperfusion model. ( Bhandari, A; Dow, JS; Kloner, RA, 2011)
"Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is a weak inorganic acid used for etching and as rust remover."	1.35	Recurrent life-threatening ventricular dysrhythmias associated with acute hydrofluoric acid ingestion: observations in one case and implications for mechanism of toxicity. ( Benitez, FL; Delaney, KA; Rivera, W; Velez, LI; Vohra, R, 2008)
" Inadequate dosing and later administration of amiodarone in the code were two confounding factors in this study."	1.33	Comparing intravenous amiodarone or lidocaine, or both, outcomes for inpatients with pulseless ventricular arrhythmias. ( Henderson, SO; Idrees, U; Kane-Gill, SL; Kirisci, L; Ou, NN; Oyen, LJ; Rea, RS; Rudis, MI; Seybert, AL; Stauss, JL, 2006)
"As electrocardiography (ECG) revealed ventricular tachycardia (VT), cardioversion was administered but was unsuccessful."	1.33	[Case in which magnesium sulfate effectively treated ventricular tachycardia due to overdose of pilsicainide hydrochloride]. ( Mato, T; Moriwaki, R; Nakata, K; Takenouchi, S; Tsutsumi, H; Yamaguchi, A, 2006)
"Idiopathic ventricular tachycardia is rare, especially in infants."	1.32	Verapamil sensitive idiopathic ventricular tachycardia in an infant. ( Chi, CS; Fu, YC; Jan, SL; Wang, JD, 2003)
"Five days later, ventricular tachycardia following short-coupled ventricular premature contractions suddenly occurred and was not responsive to class IB drugs (lidocaine and mexiletine), requiring frequent electrical cardioversion."	1.32	Nifekalant hydrochloride, a novel class III antiarrhythmic agent, suppressed postoperative recurrent ventricular tachycardia in a patient undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and the Dor approach. ( Fu, LT; Iinuma, H; Sagara, K; Sahara, M; Watanabe, H; Yamashita, T, 2003)
"Procainamide and lidocaine were infused to equipotent plasma concentrations in canines with three-day-old myocardial infarction."	1.32	Spatiotemporal dynamics of reentrant ventricular tachycardias in canine myocardial infarction: pharmacological modulation. ( Cardinal, R; Hélie, F; Vinet, A, 2003)
"Nifekalant hydrochloride(NIF) is a novel class III antiarrhythmic agent for malignant VT/VF."	1.32	[Efficacy of Nifekalant hydrochloride for life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with resistance to lidocaine: a study of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest]. ( Amino, M; Ban, K; Deguchi, Y; Fujikura, H; Goto, S; Handa, S; Inokuchi, S; Iwase, H; Iwata, O; Marutani, Y; Morita, S; Nakagawa, Y; Shiina, Y; Tanabe, T; Yamamoto, I; Yoshioka, K, 2003)
"Our objective was to elucidate the mechanism of pharmacokinetic interaction between lidocaine and mexiletine, because an unexpected increase in plasma lidocaine concentration accompanied by severe side effects was observed when mexiletine was administered to a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy."	1.31	Possible mechanism for pharmacokinetic interaction between lidocaine and mexiletine. ( Fukuzawa, M; Funakoshi, S; Kugaya, Y; Maeda, Y; Murakami, T; Nakamura, M; Takano, M; Tsukiai, S; Yamasaki, M, 2002)
"Repeated torsade de pointes tachycardia resulted in hemodynamic compromise and were terminated by defibrillations."	1.31	[QT prolongation and torsade de pointes tachycardia during therapy with maprotiline. Differential diagnostic and therapeutic aspects]. ( Bauriedel, G; Lentini, S; Lüderitz, B; Rao, ML; Schröder, R, 2001)
"Verapamil was infused into the superior vena cava over 15-20 min."	1.30	Effects of verapamil in ventricular tachycardias. An experimental and clinical study. ( Casanova, JM; De Micheli, A; Iturralde, P; Medrano, GA, 1997)
"Only 2 patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia had a concurrent MI, and the tachycardia was unresponsive to initial lidocaine bolus in both cases."	1.30	Analysis of the treatment of spontaneous sustained stable ventricular tachycardia. ( Greenberg, GM; Kay, D; Marill, KA; Nelson, BK, 1997)
"No evidence of ischemic heart disease was detected."	1.30	Class IC antiarrhythmic drugs, flecainide and pilsicainide, produce ST segment elevation simulating inferior myocardial ischemia. ( Ito, H; Nakamura, W; Segawa, K; Tanaka, S; Yoshimoto, N, 1998)
"Patient 1 had frequent episodes of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation resistant to Class IA drugs."	1.30	ST segment elevation in the right precordial leads induced with class IC antiarrhythmic drugs: insight into the mechanism of Brugada syndrome. ( Fujiki, A; Hayashi, H; Inoue, H; Mizumaki, K; Nagasawa, H; Usui, M, 1999)
"To investigate out-of-hospital ventricular tachycardia (VT) cardiac arrest patients, comparing the prevalences and outcomes of the following VT subtypes among this population: monomorphic VT (MVT), polymorphic VT (PVT), and torsades de pointes (TdP, PVT with a prolonged QT interval)."	1.30	Prevalence, therapeutic response, and outcome of ventricular tachycardia in the out-of-hospital setting: a comparison of monomorphic ventricular tachycardia, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, and torsades de pointes. ( Brady, WJ; DeBehnke, DJ; Laundrie, D, 1999)
"Orphenadrine is an anticholinergic drug used mainly in the treatment of Parkinson's disease."	1.30	Orphenadrine poisoning in a child: clinical and analytical data. ( Maes, V; Mertens, K; Ramet, J; Van Herreweghe, I, 1999)
"After the appearance of ventricular tachycardia, they were treated with magnesium sulfate (45 mg/kg + 15 mg/kg/min) or lidocaine (1 mg/kg + 0."	1.29	Effects of magnesium sulfate and lidocaine in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias in experimental amitriptyline poisoning in the rat. ( Abrahamsson, J; Knudsen, K, 1994)
"Inducibility of sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (SMVT) was compared in the pre-drug state, and after i."	1.29	The comparative antiarrhythmic and proarrhythmic activity of a 3,7-diheterobicyclo[3.3.1]nonane, BRB-I-28, and lidocaine in the 1-4-day-old infarcted dog heart. ( Berlin, KD; Chen, CL; Fazekas, T; Garrison, GL; Lazzara, R; Mabo, P; Patterson, E; Sangiah, S; Scherlag, BJ, 1993)
"Severe hypertension, ventricular tachycardia and subendocardial ischaemia occurred during the manipulation of adrenal gland in a patient who underwent live related donor nephrectomy."	1.29	Hypertension and tachycardia during adrenal manipulation. ( Sikora, R; Tewari, P, 1995)
"8 mg/min at a constant rate infusion following a 100 mg bolus) combined with magnesium sulfate (M) (2."	1.29	Low dose lidocaine combined with magnesium sulfate in warning ventricular arrhythmias. ( Battaglia, A; Bertanelli, F; Bertoncini, G; Biondo, L; Fabiano, P; Leone, A; Mori, L, 1993)
"Idiopathic ventricular tachycardia (VT) with the right bundle branch block pattern and left-axis deviation has been shown to be due to reentry, but the property of the slow conduction zone within the reentry circuit is little understood."	1.29	Characteristics of slow conduction zone demonstrated during entrainment of idiopathic ventricular tachycardia of left ventricular origin. ( Iwasa, A; Okumura, K; Tabuchi, T; Tsuchiya, T; Yamabe, H; Yasue, H, 1996)

Research

Studies (146)

Authors

Clinical Trials (5)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Number of Participants Scoring at or Below a 3 on the MRS Scale

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	1 (0.68)	18.7374
1990's	53 (36.30)	18.2507
2000's	49 (33.56)	29.6817
2010's	36 (24.66)	24.3611
2020's	7 (4.79)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Garrison, GL	2
Berlin, KD	2
Scherlag, BJ	4
Lazzara, R	4
Patterson, E	4
Fazekas, T	4
Sangiah, S	2
Chen, CL	2
Schubot, FD	1
van der Helm, D	1
Robinson, S	1
Johnson, MC	1
Wang, L	2
Kishihara, Y	1
Kashiura, M	1
Amagasa, S	1
Fukushima, F	1
Yasuda, H	1
Moriya, T	1
Bracy, CL	1
Kobres, PY	1
Hockstein, MJ	1
Rao, SD	1
Gupta, R	1
Lam, PH	1
Sheikh, FH	1
Hockstein, MA	1
Boles, U	1
Refila, B	1
Gul, EE	1
Szeplaki, G	1
Keaney, J	1
Galvin, J	1
Keelan, E	1
Liu, CM	1
Lin, FZ	1
Chen, YC	1
Lin, YK	1
Lu, YY	1
Wu, CI	1
Higa, S	1
Chen, SA	1
Chen, YJ	1
Katz, DJ	1
Feduska, E	1
Thoma, BN	1
Goldhammer, JE	1
Soar, J	1
Mittal, S	1
Mohan, A	1
Madan, K	1
Santangeli, P	1
Ueoka, A	1
Morita, H	1
Watanabe, A	1
Morimoto, Y	1
Kawada, S	1
Tachibana, M	1
Miyamoto, M	1
Nakagawa, K	1
Nishii, N	1
Ito, H	2
Tunney, RK	1
Whyte, K	1
DeAntonio, HJ	1
Panchal, AR	1
Berg, KM	1
Kudenchuk, PJ	2
Del Rios, M	1
Hirsch, KG	1
Link, MS	1
Kurz, MC	1
Chan, PS	1
Cabañas, JG	1
Morley, PT	1
Hazinski, MF	2
Donnino, MW	1
Duff, JP	1
Topjian, A	1
Berg, MD	2
Chan, M	1
Haskell, SE	1
Joyner, BL	1
Lasa, JJ	1
Ley, SJ	1
Raymond, TT	1
Sutton, RM	1
Atkins, DL	1
Wang, CH	1
Chang, WT	1
Huang, CH	1
Tsai, MS	1
Yu, PH	1
Wu, YW	1
Liu, YB	1
Chen, WJ	1
Le, DD	1
Abraham, AS	1
Vinson, DR	1
Li, T	1
Wei, X	1
Watkins, AC	1
Sanchez, PG	1
Wu, ZJ	1
Griffith, BP	1
Osadchii, OE	2
Valdes, SO	1
Donoghue, AJ	1
Hoyme, DB	1
Hammond, R	1
Berg, RA	1
Samson, RA	1
Yoshie, K	1
Tomita, T	1
Takeuchi, T	1
Okada, A	1
Miura, T	1
Motoki, H	1
Ikeda, U	1
Hiremath, G	1
Li, W	1
Foltz, R	1
Roy-Burman, A	1
Cocalis, M	1
Tanel, RE	1
Brown, SP	1
Daya, M	1
Rea, T	1
Nichol, G	1
Morrison, LJ	1
Leroux, B	1
Vaillancourt, C	1
Wittwer, L	1
Callaway, CW	1
Christenson, J	1
Egan, D	1
Ornato, JP	1
Weisfeldt, ML	1
Stiell, IG	1
Idris, AH	1
Aufderheide, TP	1
Dunford, JV	1
Colella, MR	1
Vilke, GM	1
Brienza, AM	1
Desvigne-Nickens, P	1
Gray, PC	1
Gray, R	1
Seals, N	1
Straight, R	1
Dorian, P	2
Long, B	1
Koyfman, A	1
Wentlandt, M	1
Morris, SC	1
Mitchell, SH	1
Beyer, A	1
Ganti, B	1
Majkrzak, A	1
Theyyunni, N	1
Fudim, M	1
Boortz-Marx, R	1
Patel, CB	1
Sun, AY	1
Piccini, JP	2
Dukkipati, SR	1
Mallozzi, R	1
Schmidt, EJ	1
Holmvang, G	1
d'Avila, A	1
Guhde, R	1
Darrow, RD	1
Slavin, G	1
Fung, M	1
Malchano, Z	1
Kampa, G	1
Dando, JD	1
McPherson, C	1
Foo, TK	1
Ruskin, JN	1
Dumoulin, CL	1
Reddy, VY	1
Lin, MT	1
Wu, MH	2
Chang, CC	2
Chiu, SN	1
Thériault, O	1
Huang, H	1
Christé, G	1
Ficker, E	1
Chahine, M	2
Sucu, MM	1
Davutoglu, V	1
Kalimullah, EA	1
Bryant, SM	1
Dosdall, DJ	1
Yusu, S	1
Ikeda, T	1
Mera, H	1
Miyakoshi, M	1
Miwa, Y	1
Abe, A	1
Tsukada, T	1
Ishiguro, H	1
Shimizu, H	1
Yoshino, H	1
Shiga, T	1
Tanaka, K	1
Kato, R	1
Amino, M	2
Matsudo, Y	1
Honda, T	2
Sagara, K	4
Takahashi, A	1
Katoh, T	1
Urashima, M	1
Ogawa, S	2
Takano, T	1
Kasanuki, H	1
Lu, HR	1
Rohrbacher, J	1
Vlaminckx, E	1
Van Ammel, K	1
Yan, GX	1
Gallacher, DJ	1
Komura, S	1
Chinushi, M	2
Furushima, H	1
Hosaka, Y	1
Izumi, D	1
Iijima, K	1
Watanabe, H	3
Yagihara, N	1
Aizawa, Y	3
Hisada, T	1
Miyagawa, T	1
Yakushiji, T	1
Tsujimoto, T	1
Sakai, M	1
Adachi, T	1
Ikewaki, K	1
Ogata, K	1
Ohsuzu, F	1
Sakurai, Y	1
Nakagawa, H	1
Honjo, H	1
Ishiguro, YS	1
Yamazaki, M	1
Okuno, Y	1
Harada, M	1
Takanari, H	1
Sakuma, I	1
Kamiya, K	1
Kodama, I	1
Schulte, PJ	1
Pieper, KS	1
Mehta, RH	1
White, HD	1
Van de Werf, F	1
Ardissino, D	1
Califf, RM	1
Granger, CB	2
Ohman, EM	1
Alexander, JH	2
Auer, J	1
Lamm, G	1
Kloner, RA	1
Dow, JS	1
Bhandari, A	1
Hwang, HS	1
Hasdemir, C	1
Laver, D	1
Mehra, D	1
Turhan, K	1
Faggioni, M	1
Yin, H	1
Knollmann, BC	1
Allen, NM	1
Azam, M	1
Dunne, KP	1
Walsh, KP	1
Mizzi, A	1
Tran, T	1
Mangar, D	1
Camporesi, EM	1
Bunch, TJ	1
Mahapatra, S	1
Murdock, D	1
Molden, J	1
Weiss, JP	1
May, HT	1
Bair, TL	1
Mader, KM	1
Crandall, BG	1
Day, JD	1
Osborn, JS	1
Muhlestein, JB	1
Lappe, DL	1
Anderson, JL	1
Nathan, AT	1
Naim, M	1
Montenegro, LM	1
Vetter, VL	1
Kaneko, Y	1
Nakajima, T	1
Kato, T	1
Kurabayashi, M	1
Hoffmann, C	1
Falzone, E	1
Augé, M	1
Dinanian, S	1
Mercier, FJ	1
Bhavnani, SP	1
Clyne, CA	1
Somberg, JC	1
Bailin, SJ	1
Haffajee, CI	1
Paladino, WP	1
Kerin, NZ	1
Bridges, D	1
Timar, S	1
Molnar, J	1
Chang, IK	1
Shyu, MK	1
Lee, CN	1
Kau, ML	1
Ko, YH	1
Chow, SN	1
Hsieh, FJ	1
Singh, D	1
Dutta, S	1
Narang, A	1
Yoshioka, K	1
Iwata, O	1
Fujikura, H	1
Deguchi, Y	1
Ban, K	1
Shiina, Y	1
Goto, S	1
Handa, S	1
Tanabe, T	1
Nakagawa, Y	1
Morita, S	1
Iwase, H	1
Yamamoto, I	1
Inokuchi, S	1
Marutani, Y	1
Hélie, F	2
Vinet, A	2
Cardinal, R	3
Sahara, M	2
Yamashita, T	2
Iinuma, H	2
Fu, LT	2
Cengiz, P	1
Shah, M	1
MINUCK, M	1
Srivatsa, UN	1
Ebrahimi, R	1
El-Bialy, A	1
Wachsner, RY	1
Trappe, HJ	1
Brandts, B	1
Weismueller, P	1
Mioni, C	1
Giuliani, D	1
Cainazzo, MM	1
Leone, S	1
Iannone, A	1
Bazzani, C	1
Grieco, P	1
Novellino, E	1
Tomasi, A	1
Bertolini, A	1
Guarini, S	1
Wang, JD	1
Fu, YC	1
Jan, SL	1
Chi, CS	1
Kimura, M	1
Kobayashi, T	1
Owada, S	1
Ashikaga, K	2
Higuma, T	1
Sasaki, S	1
Iwasa, A	3
Motomura, S	1
Okumura, K	3
Sivasubramonian, S	1
Rosenthal, E	1
Takada, Y	1
Isobe, S	1
Okada, M	1
Ando, A	1
Nonokawa, M	1
Inden, Y	1
Tomita, Y	1
Suzuki, A	1
Hirai, M	1
Murohara, T	1
Canyon, SJ	1
Dobson, GP	1
Kanemoto, M	1
Shimizu, A	2
Yamagata, T	1
Esato, M	2
Ueyama, T	2
Yoshiga, Y	2
Kakugawa, H	1
Kametani, R	1
Inoue, N	1
Sawa, A	2
Matsuzaki, M	2
Tsou, CH	1
Chiang, CE	1
Kao, T	1
Jawan, B	1
Luk, HN	1
Acharfi, S	1
Chiang, FT	1
Wang, JK	1
Sung, TC	1
Horita, Y	1
Kanaya, H	1
Uno, Y	1
Yamazaki, T	1
Kaku, B	1
Funada, A	1
Kitajima, S	1
Matsumura, M	1
Satoh, T	1
Baranwal, AK	1
Mandal, RN	1
Singh, R	1
Singhi, SC	1
You, B	1
Pu, J	1
Liu, N	1
Yu, R	1
Ruan, Y	1
Li, Y	1
Nakata, K	1
Moriwaki, R	1
Yamaguchi, A	1
Takenouchi, S	1
Mato, T	1
Tsutsumi, H	1
Rea, RS	1
Kane-Gill, SL	1
Rudis, MI	1
Seybert, AL	1
Oyen, LJ	1
Ou, NN	1
Stauss, JL	1
Kirisci, L	1
Idrees, U	1
Henderson, SO	1
Nagai, T	1
Suyama, K	1
Shimizu, W	2
Noda, T	2
Satomi, K	1
Kurita, T	1
Aihara, N	1
Kamakura, S	1
Aiba, T	1
Hidaka, I	1
Uemura, K	1
Zheng, C	1
Kamiya, A	1
Inagaki, M	1
Sugimachi, M	1
Sunagawa, K	1
Sajeev, CG	1
Francis, J	1
Sankar, V	1
Vasudev, B	1
Venugopal, K	1
Lang, E	1
Al Raisi, M	1
Sadanaga, T	1
Araki, S	1
Tanaka, Y	2
Ogawa, H	1
Shinohara, T	1
Takahashi, N	1
Saikawa, T	1
Yoshimatsu, H	1
Yamawake, N	1
Nishizaki, M	1
Hayashi, T	1
Niki, S	1
Maeda, S	1
Fujii, H	1
Ashikaga, T	1
Sakurada, H	1
Hiraoka, M	1
Vohra, R	1
Velez, LI	1
Rivera, W	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Etiology, Incidence and Survival of Pediatric Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrests: a Four-year Danish Analysis[NCT04275856]		300 participants (Anticipated)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2019-02-01	Active, not recruiting
Amiodarone, Lidocaine or Neither for Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Due to Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) or Ventricular Tachycardia (VT)[NCT01401647]	Phase 3	3,024 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-05-31	Completed
PROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN AMIODARONE Versus LIDOCAINE IN PATIENTS WITH STABLE VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA IN THE EMERGENCY ROOM[NCT03299517]	Phase 4	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-08-02	Recruiting
An Investigation Into the Effects of Intravenous Lipid Emulsion (ILE) on the Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties of Metoprolol.[NCT02924454]	Phase 4	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-09-30	Completed
Safety of Local Dental Anesthesia in Patients With Cardiac Channelopathies[NCT03182777]		31 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-05-31	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Neurologic status at discharge will be assessed using the modified Rankin Score (MRS). A higher value indicates a worse outcome. 0-No symptoms at all; 1-No significant disability despite symptoms; able to carry out all usual duties and activities, 2-Slight disability; unable to carry out all previous activities, but able to look after own affairs without assistance, 3-Moderate disability; requiring some help, but able to walk without assistance; 4-Moderately severe disability; unable to walk without assistance and unable to attend to own bodily needs without assistance, 5-Severe disability; bedridden, incontinent and requiring constant nursing care and attention; 6-Dead (NCT01401647)
Timeframe: Patients will be followed from the time of the cardiac arrest until death, hospital discharge, or December 31, 2015, whichever occurs first.

Number of Participants Who Survive From the Time of Cardiac Arrest to Hospital Discharge

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Amiodarone	182
Lidocaine	172
Normal Saline	175

Patients may die in the field (outside of the hospital at the time of the cardiac arrest), at the emergency room, in the hospital, or they are discharged alive from the hospital. (NCT01401647)
Timeframe: Patients will be followed from the time of the cardiac arrest until death, hospital discharge, or December 31, 2015, whichever occurs first.

Article	Year
Antiarrhythmic drug therapy during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: should we use it? Current opinion in critical care, 2018, Volume: 24, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Cardiopulm	2018
Best Clinical Practice: Emergency Medicine Management of Stable Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia. The Journal of emergency medicine, 2017, Volume: 52, Issue:4 Topics: Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Electric Countershock; Electrocardiography; Emergency Service, H	2017
Amiodarone supplants lidocaine in ACLS and CPR protocols. Anesthesiology clinics, 2011, Volume: 29, Issue:3 Topics: Action Potentials; Advanced Cardiac Life Support; Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Bretylium Comp	2011
Arrhythmias in the intensive care patient. Current opinion in critical care, 2003, Volume: 9, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atrial Fibrillation; Atrial Flutter;	2003
Ventricular tachyarrhythmias (out of hospital cardiac arrests). Clinical evidence, 2006, Issue:15 Topics: Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Bretylium Compounds; Electric Countershock; Humans; Lidocaine; T	2006
[Tachycardias: considerations in childhood in the 90s]. Anales espanoles de pediatria, 1993, Volume: 39, Issue:6 Topics: Adenosine; Adolescent; Adult; Amiodarone; Atrial Flutter; Child; Child, Preschool; Electrocardiograp	1993
An overview of antiarrhythmic drug management of electrical storm. The Canadian journal of cardiology, 1996, Volume: 12 Suppl B Topics: Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Lidoca	1996
Management of ventricular arrhythmias: detection, drugs, and devices. JAMA, 1999, Jan-13, Volume: 281, Issue:2 Topics: Algorithms; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Cardiovascula	1999
Multicenter randomized trial and a systematic overview of lidocaine in acute myocardial infarction. American heart journal, 1999, Volume: 137, Issue:5 Topics: Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electrocardiography; Female; Fibrinolytic Agents;	1999
[A case of aconitine poisoning accompanied by bidirectional ventricular tachycardia treated with lidocaine]. Kokyu to junkan. Respiration & circulation, 1992, Volume: 40, Issue:10 Topics: Aconitine; Aged; Humans; Lidocaine; Male; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1992

Article	Year
Amiodarone, Lidocaine, or Placebo in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. The New England journal of medicine, 2016, May-05, Volume: 374, Issue:18 Topics: Adult; Aged; Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Central Nervous Syst	2016
Effects of intravenous nifekalant as a lifesaving drug for severe ventricular tachyarrhythmias complicating acute coronary syndrome. Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society, 2009, Volume: 73, Issue:11 Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Blood Pressure; Electrocardiograp	2009
Efficacy of procainamide and lidocaine in terminating sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society, 2010, Volume: 74, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Blood Pressure; Electrocardiography; Female;	2010
Intravenous lidocaine versus intravenous amiodarone (in a new aqueous formulation) for incessant ventricular tachycardia. The American journal of cardiology, 2002, Oct-15, Volume: 90, Issue:8 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Blood Pressure; Double-Blind Method; El	2002
Effects of antiarrhythmic agents on left ventricular function during exercise in patients with chronic left ventricular dysfunction. Annals of nuclear medicine, 2004, Volume: 18, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Chronic Disease; Disopyramide; Exercise; Exercise Test; Female; Heart V	2004
Double-blind trial of lignocaine versus sotalol for acute termination of spontaneous sustained ventricular tachycardia. Lancet (London, England), 1994, Jul-02, Volume: 344, Issue:8914 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Lidocaine; Male; Middle Aged; S	1994
Evaluation of intravenous lidocaine for the termination of sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia in patients with coronary artery disease with or without healed myocardial infarction. The American journal of cardiology, 1994, Dec-15, Volume: 74, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Coronary Disease; Electric Stimulation; Female; Humans; Injections,	1994
Lidocaine prophylaxis in coronary revascularization patients: a randomized, prospective trial. The Annals of thoracic surgery, 1993, Volume: 55, Issue:5 Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atrial Fibrillation; Atrial Flutter; Cardiac Output, Low; Coronary Artery Bypa	1993
"Helper:" A critical events prompter for unexpected emergencies. Journal of clinical monitoring, 1995, Volume: 11, Issue:6 Topics: Algorithms; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesiology; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Bradycardia; Clinical Proto	1995
Comparison of procainamide and lidocaine in terminating sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. The American journal of cardiology, 1996, Jul-01, Volume: 78, Issue:1 Topics: Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Lidocaine; Male	1996
Relationship between QT dispersion and the incidence of early ventricular arrhythmias in patients with acute myocardial infarction. International journal of cardiology, 1997, Dec-19, Volume: 62, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Chi-Square Distribution; Creatine Kinase; Electric Countershock; Electrocardiography; Electrol	1997
Multicenter randomized trial and a systematic overview of lidocaine in acute myocardial infarction. American heart journal, 1999, Volume: 137, Issue:5 Topics: Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electrocardiography; Female; Fibrinolytic Agents;	1999

Article	Year
Novel 3,7-diheterabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes that possess predominant class III antiarrhythmic activity in 1-4 day post infarction dog models: X-ray diffraction analysis of 3-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzoyl]-7-isopropyl-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nona ne dihydroperch Journal of medicinal chemistry, 1996, Jun-21, Volume: 39, Issue:13 Topics: Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Blood Pressure; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Crystallog	1996
Treatment of status epilepticus and prolonged QT after massive intentional bupropion overdose with lidocaine. The American journal of emergency medicine, 2022, Volume: 55 Topics: Adolescent; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Bupropion; Cardiotoxicity; Drug Overdose; Fema	2022
The imperfect storm: An uncommon presentation of Chagas disease. The American journal of emergency medicine, 2022, Volume: 61 Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Chagas Disease; Defibrillators, Implantable; Humans; Lidocaine; Tachycardia, V	2022
Comparison of the effects of lidocaine and amiodarone for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with shockable rhythms: a retrospective observational study from a multicenter registry. BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2022, 11-05, Volume: 22, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Amiodarone; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Electric Countershock; Emergency Medical Services;	2022
Stable Ventricular Fibrillation: A Paradigm Rather Than Septal Shift? ASAIO journal (American Society for Artificial Internal Organs : 1992), 2023, 09-01, Volume: 69, Issue:9 Topics: Amiodarone; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Humans; Lidocaine; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Ventricular Fibrillat	2023
Ventricular Tachycardia Storm After Standard Radiofrequency Pulmonary Vein Isolation. The American journal of case reports, 2019, Oct-19, Volume: 20 Topics: Aged; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Cicatrix; Electric Countershock; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Lidocaine;	2019
Concurrent increases in post-pacing action potential duration and contractility predict occurrence of ventricular arrhythmia. Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology, 2020, Volume: 472, Issue:12 Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Heart; Heart Rate; Lidocaine; Male; Myocardial C	2020
Local Anesthetic Toxicity Following Infusion of Lidocaine for Postoperative Ventricular Tachycardia in the Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit. Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia, 2021, Volume: 35, Issue:6 Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Lidocaine; Tachycardia, Vent	2021
Ventricular Tachycardia and Cardiovascular Collapse following Flexible Bronchoscopy: Lidocaine Cardiotoxicity. Journal of bronchology & interventional pulmonology, 2018, Volume: 25, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Anesthetics, Local; Bronchoscopy; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Cardiotoxicity; Electric Coun	2018
March 26th Question. Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology, 2018, Volume: 11, Issue:4 Topics: Ablation Techniques; Action Potentials; Adult; Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Cardiac Pacing, A	2018
Prognostic Significance of the Sodium Channel Blocker Test in Patients With Brugada Syndrome. Journal of the American Heart Association, 2018, 05-10, Volume: 7, Issue:10 Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Adult; Aged; Brugada Syndrome; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Electrocardiogra	2018
Lidocaine toxicity in the setting of HeartMate II left ventricular assist device. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics, 2018, Volume: 43, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Heart Failure; Heart-Assist Devices; Humans; Lidocaine; Male; Tachycar	2018
2018 American Heart Association Focused Update on Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support Use of Antiarrhythmic Drugs During and Immediately After Cardiac Arrest: An Update to the American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Em Circulation, 2018, 12-04, Volume: 138, Issue:23 Topics: American Heart Association; Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Emerg	2018
2018 American Heart Association Focused Update on Pediatric Advanced Life Support: An Update to the American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation, 2018, 12-04, Volume: 138, Issue:23 Topics: American Heart Association; Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Child	2018
Outcomes associated with amiodarone and lidocaine for the treatment of adult in-hospital cardiac arrest with shock-refractory pulseless ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi, 2020, Volume: 119, Issue:1 Pt 2 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Electric Countershock; Female; Heart Ar	2020
Changing U.S. guidelines on lidocaine for stable monomorphic ventricular tachycardia: Have emergency medical services kept pace? The American journal of emergency medicine, 2019, Volume: 37, Issue:11 Topics: Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Clinical Protocols; Cross-Sectional Studies; Emergency Medical Services; Gui	2019
Prophylactic amiodarone and lidocaine improve survival in an ovine model of large size myocardial infarction. The Journal of surgical research, 2013, Volume: 185, Issue:1 Topics: Amiodarone; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atrial Fibrillation; Disease Mode	2013
Procainamide and lidocaine produce dissimilar changes in ventricular repolarization and arrhythmogenicity in guinea-pig. Fundamental & clinical pharmacology, 2014, Volume: 28, Issue:4 Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Electrocardiography; Femal	2014
Effects of Na+ channel blockers on extrasystolic stimulation-evoked changes in ventricular conduction and repolarization. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 2014, Volume: 63, Issue:3 Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Electrophysiological Pheno	2014
Outcomes associated with amiodarone and lidocaine in the treatment of in-hospital pediatric cardiac arrest with pulseless ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. Resuscitation, 2014, Volume: 85, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Heart Arres	2014
Renewed impact of lidocaine on refractory ventricular arrhythmias in the amiodarone era. International journal of cardiology, 2014, Oct-20, Volume: 176, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Huma	2014
Verapamil-sensitive idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia in a 6-month-old: unique considerations in diagnosis and management in an infant. Pediatric emergency care, 2015, Volume: 31, Issue:1 Topics: Adenosine; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Bundle-Branch Block; Electrocardiography; Female; Heart Ventricle	2015
Ventricular tachycardia and prolonged QT interval presenting as seizure-like activity. The American journal of emergency medicine, 2017, Volume: 35, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Anticonvulsants; Diuretics; Electrocardiography; Emergenc	2017
A Perfect Storm: Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Associated Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia. The Journal of emergency medicine, 2017, Volume: 52, Issue:4 Topics: Adenine; Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Cardiotonic Agents; Electric Cou	2017
Autonomic Modulation for the Treatment of Ventricular Arrhythmias: Therapeutic Use of Percutaneous Stellate Ganglion Blocks. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology, 2017, Volume: 28, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Autonomic Nerve Block; Bupivacaine; Electrocardiography; Heart; Heart Failure; H	2017
Electroanatomic mapping of the left ventricle in a porcine model of chronic myocardial infarction with magnetic resonance-based catheter tracking. Circulation, 2008, Aug-19, Volume: 118, Issue:8 Topics: Animals; Catheter Ablation; Catheterization; Disease Models, Animal; Electrophysiologic Techniques,	2008
In utero onset of long QT syndrome with atrioventricular block and spontaneous or lidocaine-induced ventricular tachycardia: compound effects of hERG pore region mutation and SCN5A N-terminus variant. Heart rhythm, 2008, Volume: 5, Issue:11 Topics: Age of Onset; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Atrioventricular Block; ERG1 Potassium Channel; Ether-A-Go-Go	2008
Cardiac memory T-wave changes after ventricular tachycardia in pregnancy. The American journal of emergency medicine, 2008, Volume: 26, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Echocardiography; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans; Lidocaine; Pre	2008
Case files of the medical toxicology fellowship at the toxikon consortium in Chicago: cocaine-associated wide-complex dysrhythmias and cardiac arrest - treatment nuances and controversies. Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology, 2008, Volume: 4, Issue:4 Topics: Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Anticonvulsants; Antidotes; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Charcoal; Coca	2008
Mapping ventricular fibrillation: a simplified experimental model leads to a complicated result. Heart rhythm, 2009, Volume: 6, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Disease Models, Animal; Electrophysiolo	2009
Nifekalant versus lidocaine for in-hospital shock-resistant ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia. Resuscitation, 2010, Volume: 81, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Chi-Square Distribution; Female; Humans; Lidocaine; Male; Middle Aged;	2010
Predicting drug-induced slowing of conduction and pro-arrhythmia: identifying the 'bad' sodium current blockers. British journal of pharmacology, 2010, Volume: 160, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Drug Evalu	2010
Ventricular fibrillation diagnosed during electrophysiological study for non-sustained tachycardia. Aviation, space, and environmental medicine, 2010, Volume: 81, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Brugada Syndrome; Electrocardiography; Humans; Japan; Lidocaine; Male	2010
Acute amiodarone promotes drift and early termination of spiral wave re-entry. Heart and vessels, 2010, Volume: 25, Issue:4 Topics: Action Potentials; Amiodarone; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Disease	2010
Antiarrhythmic drug therapy for sustained ventricular arrhythmias complicating acute myocardial infarction. Critical care medicine, 2011, Volume: 39, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Cohort Studies; Confidence Intervals; Dose-Response Relati	2011
Drug therapy for sustained ventricular arrhythmias complicating acute myocardial infarction: What does the crystal ball tell you? Critical care medicine, 2011, Volume: 39, Issue:1 Topics: Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Critical Care; Critical Illness; Electrocardiography; Female; Hu	2011
First direct comparison of the late sodium current blocker ranolazine to established antiarrhythmic agents in an ischemia/reperfusion model. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics, 2011, Volume: 16, Issue:2 Topics: Acetanilides; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Infusions, Intravenous; In	2011
Inhibition of cardiac Ca2+ release channels (RyR2) determines efficacy of class I antiarrhythmic drugs in catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology, 2011, Volume: 4, Issue:2 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calsequestrin; Defi	2011
Idiopathic ventricular tachycardia in a newborn: immediate response to lidocaine. Pediatric cardiology, 2011, Volume: 32, Issue:5 Topics: Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lidocaine; Signal Proc	2011
Ranolazine reduces ventricular tachycardia burden and ICD shocks in patients with drug-refractory ICD shocks. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE, 2011, Volume: 34, Issue:12 Topics: Acetanilides; Aged; Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Cohort Studies; Def	2011
A neonate with long QT syndrome, refractory ventricular arrhythmias, and lidocaine toxicity. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2012, Volume: 114, Issue:2 Topics: Amiodarone; Anesthetics, Local; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; DNA Mutational A	2012
Pilsicainide-induced polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan), 2012, Volume: 51, Issue:4 Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans; Lidocaine; Tachycard	2012
Long QT syndrome, amiodarone use, and the mechanism underlying lidocaine toxicity. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2012, Volume: 115, Issue:5 Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Humans; Lidocaine; Long QT Syndrome; Male; Tachycardia,	2012
Bidirectional ventricular tachycardia due to coronary allograft vasculopathy a unique presentation. Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc, 2012, Volume: 17, Issue:4 Topics: Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Coronary Artery Disease; Defibrillators, Implantable; Drug-Eluti	2012
Prenatal diagnosis and treatment of fetal long QT syndrome: a case report. Prenatal diagnosis, 2002, Volume: 22, Issue:13 Topics: Adult; Bradycardia; Bundle-Branch Block; Electrocardiography; Female; Fetal Diseases; Heart Block; H	2002
Hyperkalemia and ventricular tachycardia in ELBW infant. Indian pediatrics, 2003, Volume: 40, Issue:1 Topics: Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Calcium Gluconate; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fatal Outcome; Female; Glucona	2003
[Efficacy of Nifekalant hydrochloride for life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with resistance to lidocaine: a study of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest]. Journal of cardiology, 2003, Volume: 41, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Drug Resistance; Emergency Medic	2003
Spatiotemporal dynamics of reentrant ventricular tachycardias in canine myocardial infarction: pharmacological modulation. Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 2003, Volume: 81, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Dogs; Electrocardiography; Female; Heart Rate; In Vitro Techniques;	2003
Nifekalant hydrochloride, a novel class III antiarrhythmic agent, suppressed postoperative recurrent ventricular tachycardia in a patient undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and the Dor approach. Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society, 2003, Volume: 67, Issue:8 Topics: Aged; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Coronary Artery Bypass; Drug Resistance; Electric Countershock; Electr	2003
Recognition of fascicular tachycardia in the emergency department. Pediatric emergency care, 2003, Volume: 19, Issue:4 Topics: Adenosine; Bundle-Branch Block; Calcium Channel Blockers; Drug Resistance; Electrocardiography; Emer	2003
THE CHEMOTHERAPY OF CARDIAC ARREST. Canadian Medical Association journal, 1965, Jan-02, Volume: 92 Topics: Acidosis; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Bicarbonates; Brugada Syndrome; Cardiac Conduction System Disease; C	1965
Electrical storm: case series and review of management. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics, 2003, Volume: 8, Issue:3 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Anti-Obesity Agents; B	2003
Further evidence that melanocortins prevent myocardial reperfusion injury by activating melanocortin MC3 receptors. European journal of pharmacology, 2003, Sep-23, Volume: 477, Issue:3 Topics: alpha-MSH; Animals; Coronary Disease; Cosyntropin; Female; FMRFamide; gamma-MSH; Hypotension; Inject	2003
Verapamil sensitive idiopathic ventricular tachycardia in an infant. Japanese heart journal, 2003, Volume: 44, Issue:5 Topics: Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Drug Resistance; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electrocardiography;	2003
Mechanism of ST elevation and ventricular arrhythmias in an experimental Brugada syndrome model. Circulation, 2004, Jan-06, Volume: 109, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Electrocardiography; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Lidocaine;	2004
Images in cardiovascular medicine. Fatal bidirectional and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia with terminal depolarization abnormality in a child. Circulation, 2004, Feb-24, Volume: 109, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Combined Modality Therap	2004
Protection against ventricular arrhythmias and cardiac death using adenosine and lidocaine during regional ischemia in the in vivo rat. American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, 2004, Volume: 287, Issue:3 Topics: Adenosine; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Drug Combinations; Hemodynamics; Lidocaine; Male; Myocar	2004
Differentiation of the electrophysiological effects on the atrial myocardium between the pure Na channel blocker, pilsicainide, and flecainide. Cardiovascular drugs and therapy, 2004, Volume: 18, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Atrial Flutter; Electrocardiography; Electrophysiologic Techniques, C	2004
Atropine-triggered idiopathic ventricular tachycardia in an asymptomatic pediatric patient. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2004, Volume: 51, Issue:8 Topics: Anesthetics, Intravenous; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Atracurium; Atropine; Bronchodilator Agents; Child	2004
A novel SCN5A mutation manifests as a malignant form of long QT syndrome with perinatal onset of tachycardia/bradycardia. Cardiovascular research, 2004, Nov-01, Volume: 64, Issue:2 Topics: Bradycardia; Cell Line; DNA Mutational Analysis; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lidocaine; Long QT	2004
A case of the toxicity of pilsicainide hydrochloride with comparison of the serial serum pilsicainide levels and electrocardiographic findings. Japanese heart journal, 2004, Volume: 45, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Atrial Fibrillation; Creatinine; Drug Overdose; Ele	2004
Sodium stibogluconate and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Indian journal of pediatrics, 2005, Volume: 72, Issue:3 Topics: Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Antimony Sodium Gluconate; Antiprotozoal Agents; Child; Electric Countershoc	2005
Effect of lidocaine and amiodarone on transmural heterogeneity of ventricular repolarization in isolated rabbit hearts model of sustained global ischemia. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Medical sciences = Hua zhong ke ji da xue xue bao. Yi xue Ying De wen ban = Huazhong keji daxue xuebao. Yixue Yingdewen ban, 2005, Volume: 25, Issue:4 Topics: Action Potentials; Amiodarone; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Electrocardiography; Female; Heart V	2005
[Case in which magnesium sulfate effectively treated ventricular tachycardia due to overdose of pilsicainide hydrochloride]. Chudoku kenkyu : Chudoku Kenkyukai jun kikanshi = The Japanese journal of toxicology, 2006, Volume: 19, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Drug Overdose; Hemoperfusion; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Lidocain	2006
Comparing intravenous amiodarone or lidocaine, or both, outcomes for inpatients with pulseless ventricular arrhythmias. Critical care medicine, 2006, Volume: 34, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hear	2006
Pilsicainide-induced verapamil sensitive idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE, 2006, Volume: 29, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Drug Combinations; Electrocardiography; Humans; Lidocaine; Male; Tach	2006
Cellular basis for trigger and maintenance of ventricular fibrillation in the Brugada syndrome model: high-resolution optical mapping study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2006, May-16, Volume: 47, Issue:10 Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Cardiovascular Agents; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Electrocardiography	2006
Images in cardiovascular medicine. Ventricular tachycardia: the spectrum continues to broaden: report of Naxos disease. Circulation, 2006, Jul-25, Volume: 114, Issue:4 Topics: Bundle-Branch Block; Cardiomyopathies; Electrocardiography; Female; Hair Diseases; Humans; Lidocaine	2006
Spontaneous polymorphic ventricular tachycardia after administration of pilsicainide in a patient resuscitated from ventricular fibrillation. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE, 2006, Volume: 29, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Electric Countershock; Humans; Lidocai	2006
Pilsicainide-induced ventricular tachycardia originating from right ventricular outflow tract. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology, 2007, Volume: 18, Issue:5 Topics: Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Atrial Fibrillation; Female; Humans; Lidocaine; Middle Aged; Tachycardia, Ve	2007
Autonomic and pharmacological responses of idiopathic ventricular tachycardia arising from the left ventricular outflow tract. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology, 2007, Volume: 18, Issue:11 Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Cardiotonic Agents; Catheter Ablation; Electrophysio	2007
Recurrent life-threatening ventricular dysrhythmias associated with acute hydrofluoric acid ingestion: observations in one case and implications for mechanism of toxicity. Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2008, Volume: 46, Issue:1 Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Calcium Chloride; Electric Countershock; Electrocardiography; Emergency Service,	2008
Pilsicainide-induced Brugada-type ECG and ventricular arrhythmias originating from the left posterior fascicle in a case with Brugada syndrome associated with idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia. Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology, 2008, Volume: 10, Issue:1 Topics: Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Brugada Syndrome; Catheter Ablation; Electrocardiography; Electrophysiologic	2008
Treatment of tricyclic antidepressant cardiac toxicity. Pediatric emergency care, 2008, Volume: 24, Issue:3 Topics: Amitriptyline; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Child, Preschool; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentratio	2008
Successful resuscitation after ropivacaine and lidocaine-induced ventricular arrhythmia following posterior lumbar plexus block in a child. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2008, Volume: 106, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Amides; Anesthetics, Local; Electrocardiography; Emergency Treatment; Fat Emulsions, Int	2008
Facilitation of reentry by lidocaine in canine myocardial infarction. American heart journal, 1994, Volume: 127, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Cardiac Complexes, Premature; Dogs; Electric Stimulation; Electrocardiograp	1994
Anaesthetic induction in a child with end-stage cardiomyopathy. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1995, Volume: 42, Issue:5 Pt 1 Topics: Anesthesia, Intravenous; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Child; Enteral Nutrition; Etomidate; Gastroscopy;	1995
Hypertension and tachycardia during adrenal manipulation. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1995, Volume: 42, Issue:5 Pt 1 Topics: Adrenal Glands; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypertension; Intraoperative Complications; Kidney Transp	1995
Low dose lidocaine combined with magnesium sulfate in warning ventricular arrhythmias. Japanese heart journal, 1993, Volume: 34, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiac Complexes, Premature; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electrocardiograph	1993
Lidocaine converts inducible ventricular fibrillation into sustained ventricular tachycardia in conscious dogs with recent myocardial infarction. Cardiology, 1994, Volume: 85, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Dogs; Electrocardiography; Female; Heart Conduction System; Heart Rate; Lidocaine; Male; My	1994
Facilitation of reentry by lidocaine in canine myocardial infarction. Acta physiologica Hungarica, 1994, Volume: 82, Issue:3 Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Chronic Disease; Dogs; Electrocardiography; Electrophysiology; Heart Conduct	1994
Ventricular tachycardia and myocardial dysfunction in a horse. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 1994, Dec-01, Volume: 205, Issue:11 Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Echocardiography; Electrocardiography; Horse Diseases; Horses; Lidoc	1994
Differential effects of lignocaine and hypercalcaemia on anisotropic conduction and reentry in the ischaemically damaged canine ventricle. Cardiovascular research, 1995, Volume: 29, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Anisotropy; Dogs; Electrophysiology; Female; Heart Conduction System; Hypercalcemia; Lidoca	1995
Treatment of ventricular tachycardia. Lancet (London, England), 1994, Nov-05, Volume: 344, Issue:8932 Topics: Humans; Lidocaine; Procainamide; Sotalol; Tachycardia, Ventricular	1994
Pediatric ventricular tachycardia: a review with three illustrative cases. Pediatric emergency care, 1994, Volume: 10, Issue:5 Topics: Child, Preschool; Combined Modality Therapy; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Ne	1994
Effects of magnesium sulfate and lidocaine in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias in experimental amitriptyline poisoning in the rat. Critical care medicine, 1994, Volume: 22, Issue:3 Topics: Amitriptyline; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Blood Pressure; Electrocardiography; Heart Rate; Lidoc	1994
The comparative antiarrhythmic and proarrhythmic activity of a 3,7-diheterobicyclo[3.3.1]nonane, BRB-I-28, and lidocaine in the 1-4-day-old infarcted dog heart. Acta physiologica Hungarica, 1993, Volume: 81, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; Bridged Bicyclo Co	1993
Neurotoxicity of lidocaine combined with mexiletine. Anesthesia and analgesia, 1993, Volume: 77, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Oral; Cardiomyopathies; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Injections, Intravenous;	1993
Induction and the possible mechanism of ventricular tachycardia after catheter ablation with direct current shocks in dogs. European heart journal, 1993, Volume: 14, Issue:8 Topics: Animals; Bundle of His; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Catheter Ablation; Dogs; Electrocardiography, Am	1993
Use-dependent prolongation of ventricular tachycardia cycle length by type I antiarrhythmic drugs in humans. Circulation, 1993, Volume: 87, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Electrocardiography; Female; Flecainide; Humans; Lidocaine; Mal	1993
Effects of a new amiodarone-like agent, SR 33589, in comparison to amiodarone, D,L-sotalol, and lignocaine, on ischemia-induced ventricular arrhythmias in anesthetized pigs. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 1995, Volume: 26, Issue:4 Topics: Amiodarone; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Benzofurans	1995
[Anesthesiologic management in cardiomyoplasty]. Anasthesiologie, Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin, Schmerztherapie : AINS, 1995, Volume: 30, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, General; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Cardiomyoplasty; Cardiotonic Agents; Dobut	1995
Characteristics of slow conduction zone demonstrated during entrainment of idiopathic ventricular tachycardia of left ventricular origin. The American journal of cardiology, 1996, Feb-15, Volume: 77, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Electrocardiography; Electrophysiology; Female; Heart Con	1996
Autonomic and antiarrhythmic drug modulation of ST segment elevation in patients with Brugada syndrome. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 1996, Volume: 27, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Calcium Channel Blockers; Disopyramide; Electrocardiography; Humans;	1996
Munchausen's syndrome by telemetry. American heart journal, 1996, Volume: 131, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Electric Countershock; Humans; Lidocaine; Male; Munchausen Syndrome;	1996
Lidocaine and sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia: fact or fiction. The American journal of cardiology, 1996, Jul-01, Volume: 78, Issue:1 Topics: Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Lidocaine; Procainamide; Tachycardia, Ventri	1996
Multifocal ventricular tachycardia after resuscitation by direct current counter shock in a dog. The Journal of veterinary medical science, 1996, Volume: 58, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Blood Volume; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Electric Countershock; Electrocardiography; Heart Arrest;	1996
Usefulness of self-administration of intramuscular lidocaine in the prehospital setting for ventricular tachyarrhythmias unassociated with acute myocardial infarction (the "Shahal" experience in Israel). The American journal of cardiology, 1997, Mar-01, Volume: 79, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ambulances; Angina Pectoris; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Critical Care;	1997
Effects of verapamil in ventricular tachycardias. An experimental and clinical study. Acta cardiologica, 1997, Volume: 52, Issue:1 Topics: Aconitine; Adult; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Dogs; Electrocardiogr	1997
Effects of lidocaine and diltiazem on recovery of electrophysiologic activity during partial reperfusion following severe myocardial ischemia in canine hearts. Journal of electrocardiology, 1997, Volume: 30, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Blood Flow Velocity; Coronary Vessels; Diltiazem; Disease Models, A	1997
[Etiologies of electric storm]. Archives des maladies du coeur et des vaisseaux, 1997, Volume: 90 Spec No 1 Topics: Aged; Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Bretylium Tosylate; Electric Countershock; Female; Hemodyn	1997
Lidocaine-related increase in defibrillation threshold. Anesthesia and analgesia, 1997, Volume: 85, Issue:2 Topics: Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Local; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Defibrillators, Implantable; El	1997
Analysis of the treatment of spontaneous sustained stable ventricular tachycardia. Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, 1997, Volume: 4, Issue:12 Topics: Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Electrocardiography; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Injections, Intravenous;	1997
Effects of lidocaine and diltiazem on ventricular tachyarrhythmia and dispersion of conduction during severe myocardial ischemia in canine hearts. Journal of UOEH, 1997, Dec-01, Volume: 19, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Diltiazem; Dogs; Heart Conduction System; Lidocaine; Myocardial I	1997
Sudden tachycardia in an octagenarian. Hospital practice (1995), 1998, Jun-15, Volume: 33, Issue:6 Topics: Adenosine; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Coronary Disease; Diagnosis, Differentia	1998
Class IC antiarrhythmic drugs, flecainide and pilsicainide, produce ST segment elevation simulating inferior myocardial ischemia. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology, 1998, Volume: 9, Issue:8 Topics: Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electrocardiography; Fle	1998
More on lidocaine use in cocaine toxicity. Journal of emergency nursing, 1998, Volume: 24, Issue:4 Topics: Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Drug Monitoring; Humans; Lidocaine; Tachycardia,	1998
The dynamic behavior of the diastolic slope of monophasic action potential can be related to the occurrence and maintenance of delayed afterdepolarization dependent arrhythmias. Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE, 1999, Volume: 22, Issue:1 Pt 1 Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Diastole; Dogs; Elec	1999
ST segment elevation in the right precordial leads induced with class IC antiarrhythmic drugs: insight into the mechanism of Brugada syndrome. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology, 1999, Volume: 10, Issue:2 Topics: Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Atrial Fibrillation; Electrocardiography; Flecainide; Follow-Up Studies; Hea	1999
Ventricular arrhythmias and the use of antiarrhythmic drugs after cardiovascular surgery. The American journal of managed care, 1998, Volume: 4, Issue:11 Topics: Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Bretylium Compounds; Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures; Clinica	1998
Prevalence, therapeutic response, and outcome of ventricular tachycardia in the out-of-hospital setting: a comparison of monomorphic ventricular tachycardia, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, and torsades de pointes. Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, 1999, Volume: 6, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Electric Countershock; Electrocardiogra	1999
A 55-year-old man with acute myocardial infarction develops tachycardia following balloon angioplasty. Chest, 1999, Volume: 116, Issue:1 Topics: Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Electrocardiography; Humans; Lidocaine; Male	1999
Orphenadrine poisoning in a child: clinical and analytical data. Intensive care medicine, 1999, Volume: 25, Issue:10 Topics: Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Anticonvulsants; Antiparkinson Agents; Ataxia; Chil	1999
Irregular rhythm after cardiac surgery. Hospital practice (1995), 1999, Dec-15, Volume: 34, Issue:13 Topics: Adult; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic; Electrocardiography; Heart Block; Humans;	1999
Anisotropic effects of sodium channel blockers on the wavelength for ventricular excitation in dogs. Japanese circulation journal, 2000, Volume: 64, Issue:9 Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Disopyramide; Dogs; Electr	2000
Ventricular arrhythmias with or without programmed electrical stimulation after incremental overdosage with lidocaine, bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine. Anesthesia and analgesia, 2000, Volume: 91, Issue:5 Topics: Amides; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Bupivacaine; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Dogs; Drug Overdose; L	2000
Onset dynamics of reentrant tachycardia and rate-dependent conduction changes in canine ventricular muscle: effects of Na+ and Ca2+ channel blockade. Journal of electrocardiology, 2000, Volume: 33, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Data Interpre	2000
Effects of verapamil and lidocaine on two components of the re-entry circuit of verapamil-senstitive idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2001, Volume: 37, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bundle-Branch Block; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Electrocardiography; Female; Hea	2001
[Efficacy of lidocaine in neonatal ischemic ventricular tachycardia]. Anales espanoles de pediatria, 2001, Volume: 54, Issue:6 Topics: Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lidocaine; Male; Myocardial Ischemia; Postoperative	2001
[QT prolongation and torsade de pointes tachycardia during therapy with maprotiline. Differential diagnostic and therapeutic aspects]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 2001, Dec-07, Volume: 126, Issue:49 Topics: Aged; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Coronary Angiography; Diagno	2001
Class I antiarrhythmic drug and coronary vasospasm-induced T wave alternans and ventricular tachyarrhythmia in a patient with Brugada syndrome and vasospastic angina. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology, 2002, Volume: 13, Issue:2 Topics: Acetylcholine; Angina Pectoris, Variant; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atrial Fibril	2002
Possible mechanism for pharmacokinetic interaction between lidocaine and mexiletine. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2002, Volume: 71, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Drug Interactions	2002
J wave and ST segment elevation in the inferior leads: a latent type of variant Brugada syndrome? Japanese heart journal, 2002, Volume: 43, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Bundle-Branch Block; Diagnosis, Differential; Electrocardiography; Humans; Lidocaine; Male; S	2002
[Relation between the occurrence of malignant arrhythmia during acute myocardial ischemia and the weight of ischemic myocardium in goats]. Hua xi yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of West China University of Medical Sciences = Huaxi yike daxue xuebao, 1992, Volume: 23, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Goats; Lidocaine; Male; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardium; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Ventricu	1992
Lidocaine has a narrow antiarrhythmic dose range against ventricular arrhythmias induced by programmed electrical stimulation in conscious postinfarction dogs. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 1992, Volume: 346, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Consciousness; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimu	1992

lidocaine and Tachycardia, Ventricular