lidocaine has been researched along with Dysesthesia in 53 studies
Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.
lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " The VAS-pain and VAS-pruritus scores were significantly decreased at all follow-up sessions, and improvement was sustained by lidocaine up to the third month." | 5.34 | Notalgia paresthetica: clinical features, radiological evaluation, and a novel therapeutic option. ( Mülkoğlu, C; Nacır, B, 2020) |
| "Our goal is to determine whether infiltration with a short-acting local anaesthetic such as lidocaine before the surgical incision has a pre-emptive effect on postoperative pain intensity and on incidence of paraesthesia in patients undergoing standard thoracoscopic sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis." | 5.14 | Pre-emptive local analgesia in video-assisted thoracic surgery sympathectomy. ( Busiello, L; Fiorelli, A; Laperuta, P; Messina, G; Napolitano, F; Perrone, A; Santini, M; Vicidomini, G, 2010) |
| " We report a case in which a patient presenting with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy received an IV lidocaine infusion over the course of 60 minutes with complete symptomatic pain relief for a prolonged period of 2 weeks." | 3.81 | Intravenous Lidocaine Infusion to Treat Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. ( Chakrabortty, S; Kumar, AJ; Muppuri, R; Papapetrou, P, 2015) |
| "Horner syndrome was observed in 9 patients (16." | 2.77 | [Comparison of ultrasound-guided supraclavicular and infraclavicular approaches for brachial plexus blockade]. ( Acar, S; Gürkan, Y; Hoşten, T; Solak, M; Tekin, M; Toker, K, 2012) |
| "Evoked motor responses and/or paresthesia were noted before injection of the local anesthetic." | 2.74 | Ultrasound-assisted and evoked motor response stimulation of the deep peroneal nerve. ( Benzon, HA; Benzon, HT; Chekka, K; Nader, A; Sekhadia, M; Yaghmour, ET, 2009) |
| "After 5 days of treatment, heat pain hyperalgesia persisted on both forearms; however, it was significantly less on the EMLA-treated forearm vs the vehicle-treated site (p < 0." | 2.69 | Effect of EMLA pre-treatment on capsaicin-induced burning and hyperalgesia. ( Maibach, HI; Rowbotham, MC; Yosipovitch, G, 1999) |
| "Prilocaine results in a lower incidence of transient neurological symptoms than lidocaine intrathecally and therefore it is more suitable for short surgical procedures." | 2.69 | The incidence of transient neurological symptoms after spinal anaesthesia with lidocaine compared to prilocaine. ( de Weert, K; Dirksen, R; Gielen, M; Slappendel, R; Traksel, M; Weber, E, 2000) |
| "In this exceptional case, the unusual Horner syndrome manifestations related to unilateral ptosis, miosis, and anisocoria were simultaneously developed with skin ischemia, paresthesia, and asymmetric flushing after the administration of IANB anesthesia." | 1.39 | Concomitant horner and harlequin syndromes after inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia. ( Chen, YJ; Fang, WH; Huang, RY; Mau, LP; Shieh, YS, 2013) |
| "Lidocaine was associated with 25 percent of cases, articaine with 33 percent of cases, and prilocaine with 34 percent of cases." | 1.38 | Permanent nerve damage from inferior alveolar nerve blocks: a current update. ( Pogrel, MA, 2012) |
| "Chronic pain is often a symptom after local anaesthetic-induced nerve injury." | 1.36 | Trigeminal nerve injuries in relation to the local anaesthesia in mandibular injections. ( Adey-Viscuso, D; Meechan, JG; Renton, T; Yilmaz, Z, 2010) |
| "A 51-year-old woman described paresthesias in her right thumb, index, and middle fingers consistent with carpal tunnel syndrome." | 1.35 | Digital ischemia after carpal tunnel injection: a case report. ( Brault, JS; Payne, JM, 2008) |
| "The concept of peripheral myoclonus is not yet fully accepted by the medical community because of the difficulty in establishing a cause-and-effect relationship between trauma and subsequent movement disorders." | 1.35 | Myoclonus of peripheral origin: two case reports. ( Cassim, F; Defebvre, L; Destée, A; Houdayer, E; Kreisler, A; Krystkowiak, P; Tyvaert, L, 2009) |
| "Postoperative pain was controlled by use of multimodal analgesia." | 1.33 | [Bilateral polyradiculitis after an epidural block: a rare, serious complication]. ( Aguilar, JL; Ferrer, AM; Mira, MD; Peláez, R; Segura, MC, 2006) |
| " The dosage of amitriptyline (initiated at 10 mg, gradually increased to 40-60 mg daily) was not sufficient to treat depression, but was in the range effective for other cutaneous dysesthesias." | 1.29 | Dysesthetic ("essential") vulvodynia. Treatment with amitriptyline. ( McKay, M, 1993) |
| "In a study of 7 cases of adverse reactions to local anaesthetics the early symptoms of toxicity (malaise, anxiety, feeling of impending death, peripheral paresthesias and tachycardia) are reviewed." | 1.26 | [Minor toxic effects of local anaesthetics. 7 cases (author's transl)]. ( Dry, J; Leynadier, F, 1980) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 17 (32.08) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 9 (16.98) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 12 (22.64) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 13 (24.53) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 2 (3.77) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Correa-Illanes, G | 1 |
| Mülkoğlu, C | 1 |
| Nacır, B | 1 |
| Chtompel, Y | 1 |
| Eghtesadi, M | 1 |
| Vargas-Schaffer, G | 1 |
| da Cruz, CM | 1 |
| Antunes, F | 1 |
| Huang, RY | 1 |
| Chen, YJ | 1 |
| Fang, WH | 1 |
| Mau, LP | 1 |
| Shieh, YS | 1 |
| Papapetrou, P | 1 |
| Kumar, AJ | 1 |
| Muppuri, R | 1 |
| Chakrabortty, S | 1 |
| Bogaerts, P | 1 |
| Payne, JM | 1 |
| Brault, JS | 1 |
| Tyvaert, L | 1 |
| Krystkowiak, P | 1 |
| Cassim, F | 1 |
| Houdayer, E | 1 |
| Kreisler, A | 1 |
| Destée, A | 1 |
| Defebvre, L | 1 |
| Fiorelli, A | 1 |
| Vicidomini, G | 1 |
| Laperuta, P | 1 |
| Busiello, L | 1 |
| Perrone, A | 1 |
| Napolitano, F | 1 |
| Messina, G | 1 |
| Santini, M | 1 |
| De Ridder, D | 1 |
| Hans, G | 1 |
| Pals, P | 1 |
| Menovsky, T | 1 |
| Benzon, HT | 1 |
| Sekhadia, M | 1 |
| Benzon, HA | 1 |
| Yaghmour, ET | 1 |
| Chekka, K | 1 |
| Nader, A | 1 |
| Isose, S | 1 |
| Misawa, S | 1 |
| Sakurai, K | 1 |
| Kanai, K | 1 |
| Shibuya, K | 1 |
| Sekiguchi, Y | 1 |
| Nasu, S | 1 |
| Noto, Y | 1 |
| Fujimaki, Y | 1 |
| Yokote, K | 1 |
| Kuwabara, S | 1 |
| Froum, SJ | 1 |
| Froum, SH | 1 |
| Malamed, SF | 2 |
| Renton, T | 1 |
| Adey-Viscuso, D | 1 |
| Meechan, JG | 1 |
| Yilmaz, Z | 1 |
| Herd, MK | 1 |
| Smith, RJ | 1 |
| Brennan, PA | 1 |
| Baroni, DB | 1 |
| Franz-Montan, M | 1 |
| Cogo, K | 1 |
| Berto, LA | 1 |
| Volpato, MC | 1 |
| Novaes, PD | 1 |
| Groppo, FC | 1 |
| Pogrel, MA | 1 |
| Gürkan, Y | 1 |
| Hoşten, T | 1 |
| Tekin, M | 1 |
| Acar, S | 1 |
| Solak, M | 1 |
| Toker, K | 1 |
| Dower, JS | 2 |
| MODELL, JH | 1 |
| SMITH, BE | 1 |
| Claoué, C | 1 |
| Uppal, GS | 1 |
| Jain, S | 1 |
| Moppett, IK | 1 |
| Szypula, K | 1 |
| Yeoman, PM | 1 |
| Mira, MD | 1 |
| Peláez, R | 1 |
| Segura, MC | 1 |
| Ferrer, AM | 1 |
| Aguilar, JL | 1 |
| Hans, GH | 1 |
| Robert, DN | 1 |
| Van Maldeghem, KN | 1 |
| Barnaby, PF | 1 |
| Barrett, PA | 1 |
| Lvoff, R | 1 |
| Nickel, AA | 2 |
| Schneck, DW | 1 |
| Heystraten, FM | 1 |
| van den Berg, FG | 1 |
| Mulderije, ED | 1 |
| Wyman, MG | 1 |
| Slaughter, RL | 1 |
| Farolino, DA | 1 |
| Gore, S | 1 |
| Cannom, DS | 1 |
| Goldreyer, BN | 1 |
| Lalka, D | 1 |
| Dry, J | 1 |
| Leynadier, F | 1 |
| Serwatka, LM | 1 |
| McKay, M | 1 |
| Holland, IS | 1 |
| Stassen, LF | 1 |
| Añíbarro, B | 1 |
| Seoane, FJ | 1 |
| Poblete, B | 1 |
| Van Gessel, EF | 1 |
| Gaggero, G | 1 |
| Gamulin, Z | 1 |
| Yosipovitch, G | 1 |
| Maibach, HI | 1 |
| Rowbotham, MC | 1 |
| Doss, NW | 1 |
| Crimi, T | 1 |
| Abraham, Y | 1 |
| Abadir, AR | 1 |
| Gintautas, J | 1 |
| de Weert, K | 1 |
| Traksel, M | 1 |
| Gielen, M | 1 |
| Slappendel, R | 1 |
| Weber, E | 1 |
| Dirksen, R | 1 |
| Tysvaer, A | 1 |
| Rydén, L | 1 |
| Hjalmarson, A | 1 |
| Waldenström, A | 1 |
| Gentili, ME | 1 |
| Samii, K | 1 |
| Prabhakar, Y | 1 |
| Bahadur, RA | 1 |
| Mohanty, PR | 1 |
| Sharma, S | 1 |
| Sisk, AL | 1 |
| Teng, P | 1 |
| Chapman, GM | 1 |
| Prevoznik, SJ | 1 |
| Schulte-Steinberg, O | 1 |
| Hartmuth, J | 1 |
| Schütt, L | 1 |
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Is The Pre-Emptive Administration Of Ketamine A Significant Adjunction To Intravenous Morphine Analgesia For Controlling Post-Operative Pain? A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial.[NCT03415191] | 75 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-01-05 | Completed | |||
| Is the Direct Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block Required for Third Lower Molar Extraction?[NCT03443726] | 120 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-06-10 | Completed | |||
| Comparison of Infraclavicular and Supraclavicular Block Approaches in Ultrasound Guided Brachial Plexus Block[NCT04784104] | Phase 4 | 70 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-03-05 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| Diode Laser as a Biomarker for Neuropathic Pain of Peripheral Origin.[NCT06030297] | 301 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-11-01 | Recruiting | |||
| Prospective Comparison of Single vs. Staged Extractions: OHRQoL Outcomes for Wisdom Teeth Removal[NCT05820867] | 59 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-03-01 | Completed | |||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
3 reviews available for lidocaine and Dysesthesia
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Role on Notalgia Paresthetica: Case Report and Treatment Review.
Topics: Adult; Anesthetics, Local; Back Pain; Exercise Therapy; Female; Humans; Hyperpigmentation; Lidocaine | 2018 |
A review of paresthesia in association with administration of local anesthesia.
Topics: Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacaine; Carticaine; Humans; Lidocaine; Lingual Nerve; M | 2003 |
[Accidental epidural injection of hypertonic sodium chloride solution].
Topics: Humans; Injections, Epidural; Lidocaine; Male; Malpractice; Middle Aged; Paresthesia; Saline Solutio | 1991 |
14 trials available for lidocaine and Dysesthesia
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Notalgia paresthetica: clinical features, radiological evaluation, and a novel therapeutic option.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthetics, Local; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Hyperpigmentation; Interve | 2020 |
Pre-emptive local analgesia in video-assisted thoracic surgery sympathectomy.
Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Local; Anesthetics, Local; Double-Blind Method; Female; Hand; Humans; Hyperhidros | 2010 |
Ultrasound-assisted and evoked motor response stimulation of the deep peroneal nerve.
Topics: Adult; Anesthetics, Local; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials, Motor; Female; Humans; Injection | 2009 |
The use of phentolamine mesylate to evaluate mandibular nerve damage following implant placement.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia | 2010 |
[Comparison of ultrasound-guided supraclavicular and infraclavicular approaches for brachial plexus blockade].
Topics: Adult; Anesthetics, Local; Brachial Plexus; Bupivacaine; Female; Horner Syndrome; Humans; Levobupiva | 2012 |
Comparison of EMLA and lidocaine iontophoresis for cannulation analgesia.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesia; Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, Local; Catheterization, Peripheral; Doub | 2004 |
Comparison of pain and heat sensation of contrast media in aortofemoral angiography: meglumine-amidotrizoate (Angiografin) mixed with lidocaine versus sodium-meglumine-ioxaglate (Hexabrix).
Topics: Aortography; Contrast Media; Diatrizoate; Diatrizoate Meglumine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans | 1983 |
Bilateral block: is it safe and more efficient during removal of third molars?
Topics: Absenteeism; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthesia, Local; Anesthetics, Local; Anxiety; Conscious Sedation; | 1996 |
Efficacy of three test doses to detect epidural catheter misplacement.
Topics: Aged; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacaine; Catheterization; Do | 1999 |
Effect of EMLA pre-treatment on capsaicin-induced burning and hyperalgesia.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Anesthetics, Local; Capsaicin; Female; Humans; Hyperalgesia; Lidoc | 1999 |
Cervical plexus block with ropivacaine for neck surgery.
Topics: Aged; Amides; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacaine; Cervical Plexus; Endarterectomy; Female; Humans; Lido | 1999 |
The incidence of transient neurological symptoms after spinal anaesthesia with lidocaine compared to prilocaine.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Local; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans | 2000 |
Effects of the quaternary ammonium compound OX-572 on ventricular tachyarrhythmias complicating acute myocardial infarction.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Pressure; Carbamates; Electrocardiography; Female; Heart Rate; Heart Ventricles; | 1975 |
Carbon dioxide salts of lignocaine in brachial plexus block.
Topics: Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthesia, Local; Brachial Plexus; Carbonates; Humans; Lidocaine; Paresthes | 1970 |
36 other studies available for lidocaine and Dysesthesia
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Successful treatment of notalgia paresthetica with lidocaine 5% medicated plaster: a case report.
Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Lidocaine; Pain; Paresthesia; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Pruritus | 2022 |
A Case Report of Refractory Notalgia Paresthetica Treated with Lidocaine Infusions.
Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Epidural Abscess; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Lidocaine; Middle Aged | 2017 |
Concomitant horner and harlequin syndromes after inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia.
Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthetics, Local; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Epinephrine; Face; | 2013 |
Intravenous Lidocaine Infusion to Treat Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Hypesthesia; Infusions, Intravenous; Lidoca | 2015 |
[Sensory injury to the lingual nerve after nerve block at the lingula mandibulae].
Topics: Ageusia; Anesthesia, Dental; Female; Humans; Insurance, Dental; Liability, Legal; Lidocaine; Lingual | 2007 |
Digital ischemia after carpal tunnel injection: a case report.
Topics: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome; Female; Fingers; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Injections; Ischemia; Lidocaine; M | 2008 |
Myoclonus of peripheral origin: two case reports.
Topics: Adolescent; Amputation Stumps; Anterior Horn Cells; Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; Arm Injuries; Botulinum | 2009 |
A C-fiber-mediated neuropathic brachioradial pruritus.
Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arm; Brachial Plexus; Brachial Plexus Neuropathies; Ce | 2010 |
Mexiletine suppresses nodal persistent sodium currents in sensory axons of patients with neuropathic pain.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Axons; Electric Conductivity; Electrophysiological Phenomena; Female; Humans; Lidocaine | 2010 |
Trigeminal nerve injuries in relation to the local anaesthesia in mandibular injections.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, Local; Anesthetics, Local; Chin; Cranial Nerve Injuries; Female; Gingiva; H | 2010 |
Long buccal nerve block: a previously unreported complication.
Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Arteries; Cheek; Epinephrine; Eyelids; Female; Humans; Lidocaine; Lip; Middle Ag | 2011 |
Effect of articaine on mental nerve anterior portion: histological analysis in rats.
Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Carticaine; Epinephrine; Lidocaine; Male; Mandibular Nerve; Nerve Block | 2013 |
Permanent nerve damage from inferior alveolar nerve blocks: a current update.
Topics: Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthetics, Local; California; Carticaine; Cranial Nerve Diseases; Humans; Lido | 2012 |
REGIONAL ANESTHESIA OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY.
Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Conduction; Arm; Axilla; Biomedical Research; Brachial Plexus; C | 1964 |
Unexplained surface sensations with intracameral anesthesia in phacoemulsification.
Topics: Anesthesia, Local; Anesthetics, Local; Humans; Lidocaine; Paresthesia; Phacoemulsification; Surveys | 2003 |
[Bilateral polyradiculitis after an epidural block: a rare, serious complication].
Topics: Analgesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthet | 2006 |
Treatment of an acute severe central neuropathic pain syndrome by topical application of lidocaine 5% patch: a case report.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Anesthetics, Local; Humans; Lidocaine; Male; Middle Aged; Neuralgia; Panc | 2008 |
Articaine vs. lidocaine.
Topics: Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthetics, Local; Carticaine; Humans; Lidocaine; Paresthesia | 2007 |
Articaine versus lidocaine: the author responds.
Topics: Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthesia, Local; Anesthetics, Local; Carticaine; Humans; Lidocaine; Paresthesi | 2007 |
Routine prophylactic lidocaine in acute myocardial infarction.
Topics: Aged; Confusion; Coronary Care Units; Drug Administration Schedule; Electrocardiography; Female; Hum | 1983 |
Paresthesia resulting from local anesthetics.
Topics: Anesthesia, Dental; Humans; Lidocaine; Mouth; Paresthesia | 1984 |
Therapeutic rounds at the Milton S. Hershey Medical Center: central nervous system toxicity caused by lidocaine.
Topics: Cognition Disorders; Confusion; Drug Interactions; Heart Failure; Humans; Lidocaine; Male; Middle Ag | 1983 |
Major complications in continuous epidural anesthesia.
Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Epidural; Bradycardia; Female; Hemorrhage; Humans; Hypertension, Portal; Lidocain | 1980 |
Multiple bolus technique for lidocaine administration in acute ischemic heart disease. II. Treatment of refractory ventricular arrhythmias and the pharmacokinetic significance of severe left ventricular failure.
Topics: Aged; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Kinetics; L | 1983 |
[Minor toxic effects of local anaesthetics. 7 cases (author's transl)].
Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthetics, Local; Anxiety; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Humans; Hyper | 1980 |
Paresthesia as a result of local anesthetic.
Topics: Anesthesia, Local; Aniline Compounds; Carcinogens; Humans; Lidocaine; Needlestick Injuries; Paresthe | 1994 |
Cutaneous ischemia caused by local anesthesia containing a vasoconstrictor in a patient with meralgia paresthetica.
Topics: Adult; Epinephrine; Humans; Ischemia; Lidocaine; Nerve Compression Syndromes; Paresthesia; Skin; Thi | 1994 |
Dysesthetic ("essential") vulvodynia. Treatment with amitriptyline.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amitriptyline; Estrogen Replacement Therapy; Female; Follow-Up Studi | 1993 |
Adverse reaction to lidocaine.
Topics: Adolescent; Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Anesthetics, Local; Dizziness; Double-Blind Method; Euphoria; F | 1998 |
[Meralgia paresthetica. Treatment with local anesthesia].
Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Local; Child; Femoral Nerve; Humans; Lidocaine; Male; Nerve Compression Syndromes | 1977 |
Meralgia paraesthetica.
Topics: Adult; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Femoral Nerve; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hydrocortisone; | 1989 |
Comparison of etidocaine and lidocaine for control of intra- and post-operative bleeding and pain.
Topics: Acetanilides; Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia, Dental; Epinephrine; Etidocaine; Female; Humans; Intrao | 1986 |
Lidocaine (Xylocaine) as an anti-arrhythmic agent.
Topics: Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Cardiac Complexes, Premature; Electrocardiography; Hea | 1971 |
Meralgia paresthetica.
Topics: Femoral Nerve; Humans; Inguinal Canal; Lidocaine; Pain; Paresthesia; Peripheral Nervous System Disea | 1972 |
Regional nerve block with the aid of a nerve stimulator.
Topics: Anesthesia, Conduction; Bupivacaine; Electric Stimulation; Humans; Lidocaine; Methods; Muscle Contra | 1972 |
Injury from use of pneumatic tourniquets.
Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Arm Injuries; Female; Ganglioneuroma; Humans | 1970 |