lewis-x-antigen and Pleural-Effusion

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease in childhood. The predominant subtypes, oligoarticular and polyarticular JIA, are traditionally considered to be autoimmune diseases with a central role for T cells and autoantibodies. Mounting evidence suggests an important role for neutrophils in JIA pathogenesis. We undertook this study to investigate the phenotypic features of neutrophils present in the blood and inflamed joints of patients.. JIA synovial fluid (SF) and parallel blood samples from JIA patients and healthy children were collected. SF-treated neutrophils from healthy donors and pleural neutrophils from patients with pleural effusion were investigated as controls for SF exposure and extravasation. Multicolor flow cytometry panels allowed for in-depth phenotypic analysis of neutrophils, focusing on the expression of adhesion molecules, activation, and maturation markers and chemoattractant receptors. Multiplex technology was used to quantify cytokines in plasma and SF.. SF neutrophils displayed an activated, hypersegmented phenotype with decreased CD62L expression, up-regulation of adhesion molecules CD66b, CD11b, and CD15, and down-regulation of CXCR1/2. An elevated percentage of CXCR4-positive neutrophils was detected in SF from patients. Pleural neutrophils showed less pronounced maturation differences. Strikingly, significant percentages of SF neutrophils showed a profound up-regulation of atypical neutrophil markers, including CXCR3, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and HLA-DR.. Our data show that neutrophils in inflamed joints of JIA patients have an activated phenotype. This detailed molecular analysis supports the notion that a complex intertwining between these innate immune cells and adaptive immune events drives JIA.

Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Adolescent; Antigens, CD; Arthritis, Juvenile; CD11b Antigen; Cell Adhesion; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Child; Child, Preschool; Down-Regulation; Female; Flow Cytometry; GPI-Linked Proteins; HLA-DR Antigens; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Immunophenotyping; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; L-Selectin; Lewis X Antigen; Male; Neutrophil Activation; Neutrophils; Pleural Effusion; Receptors, CXCR3; Receptors, Interleukin-8A; Receptors, Interleukin-8B; Synovial Fluid; Up-Regulation

Sialyl stage-specific mouse embryonic antigen (SSEA-1) levels were measured in pleural effusions obtained from patients with lung cancer and benign pulmonary disease, using a solid-phase immunoradiometric sandwich assay. The mean (+/- SEM) levels (unit/ml) of pleural fluid sialyl SSEA-1 were 3620 +/- 1419 in adenocarcinoma (n = 25), 123 +/- 30 in nonadenocarcinoma (n = 13) and 95 +/- 19 in benign pulmonary disease (n = 13), respectively. The positive rate was 64% in adenocarcinoma, 7.7% in nonadenocarcinoma, and 0% in benign pulmonary disease, respectively, when a cutoff level was defined as the mean + 3 SD value (300 unit/ml) based on pleural fluid sialyl SSEA-1 levels in benign pulmonary disease. There was a significant positive correlation between pleural fluid levels of sialyl SSEA-1 and those of carcinoembryonic antigen in adenocarcinoma patients (r = 0.8246, P less than 0.01). Pleural fluid sialyl SSEA-1 levels correlated with cytologic findings in adenocarcinoma patients. These observations suggest that sialyl SSEA-1 in pleural effusion is a useful marker to discriminate malignant from nonmalignant and adenocarcinoma from nonadenocarcinoma of the lung.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antigens, Neoplasm; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Female; Glycolipids; Humans; Lewis X Antigen; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Pleural Effusion; Radioimmunoassay