lewis-x-antigen and Hyperplasia

Surgical specimens of 7 cases of bronchioalveolar carcinoma complicated with pulmonary fibrosis and 4 cases of simple pulmonary fibrosis were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically. The morphology and histogenesis of adenomatous hyperplasia (AH) of alveolar epithelium and its relation to bronchioalveolar carcinoma were investigated. The AH was classified as types I and II according to their microscopic morphologic characteristics. In this group, 6 cases of type I-AH and 5 cases of type II-AH were observed. The results of anti-SA, anti-SSEA-1 and anti-CEA monoclonal antibody examinations indicate that AH is a nonspecific hyperplastic lesion of alveolar epithelium occurred during chronic pulmonary inflammatory diseases. Both type I and II AH originated from type B alveolar epithelial cells. The latter developed on the basis of the former, but with a more immature tendency and hyperplastic potential, being a pre-malignant alteration. It could be considered that certain cases of bronchioalveolar carcinoma are originated from type B alveolar epithelial cells, some of which underwent malignant change from type II alveolar hyperplasia.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar; Aged; Apoproteins; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Epithelium; Female; Humans; Hyperplasia; Immunohistochemistry; Lewis X Antigen; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Precancerous Conditions; Pulmonary Alveoli; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Proteins; Pulmonary Surfactants

Topics: Adolescent; Antigens, CD20; CD3 Complex; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Hyperplasia; Immunohistochemistry; Ki-1 Antigen; Lewis X Antigen; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Diseases; Male; Reed-Sternberg Cells; Retrospective Studies

Interfollicular Hodgkin's Disease is characterised by reactive follicular hyperplasia with involvement of the interfollicular area of lymph node by Hodgkin's lymphoma. It represents a peculiar pattern of focal involvement of lymph node and does not constitute a classical subtype. Its importance rests in the fact that it can be misinterpreted as one of the many causes of reactive hyperplasia of lymph node and not as Hodgkin's disease. Eleven cases of interfollicular Hodgkin's disease were diagnosed in a period of five years. Majority of the patients were less than twenty years and all had localised lymphadenopathy. Lymph node biopsy showed follicular hyperplasia with expanded interfollicular area. Careful search of the interfollicular area showed infiltration by inflammatory cells and scattered Reed-Sternberg and Hodgkin's cells. Immunohistochemistry with CD 15 and CD 30 highlighted the atypical cells. This report emphasises on the problems in diagnosis of interfollicular Hodgkin's disease.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Hyperplasia; Immunohistochemistry; Ki-1 Antigen; Lewis X Antigen; Lymph Nodes; Male; Middle Aged; Reed-Sternberg Cells

Anti-CEA, anti-vimentin, CAM5.2, BerEp4, Leu-M1 and anti-EMA were applied to effusions from 36 mesotheliomas, 53 adenocarcinomas and 24 reactive mesothelial proliferations. Stepwise logistic regression analysis selected three criteria of major importance for distinguishing between adenocarcinoma and mesothelioma: BerEp4, CEA and EMA accentuated at the cell membrane (mEMA), these three being of similar diagnostic value. The pattern BerEp4-, CEA- and mEMA+ was fully predictive for mesothelioma (sensitivity 47%), whereas the opposite pattern was fully predictive for adenocarcinoma (sensitivity 80%). Only EMA seemed to distinguish between mesotheliosis and mesothelioma. Comparison of reactivity in cytological and histological material from the same mesotheliomas showed similar staining frequencies for CEA and CAM5.2, with some random variation for Leu-M1 and EMA, whereas vimentin and BerEp4 reactivity was more frequent in cytological specimens.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Neoplasm; Antibody Specificity; Antigens, Neoplasm; Antigens, Surface; Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Diagnosis, Differential; Epithelium; Humans; Hyperplasia; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Keratins; Lewis X Antigen; Logistic Models; Lung Neoplasms; Mesothelioma; Mucin-1; Neoplasm Proteins; Pleural Effusion, Malignant; Sensitivity and Specificity; Vimentin

L-selectin mediates lymphocyte homing by facilitating lymphocyte adhesion to unique carbohydrate ligands, sulfated sialyl Lewis(x), which are expressed on high endothelial venules (HEV) in secondary lymphoid organs. The nature of the sulfotransferase(s) that contribute to sulfation of such L-selectin counterreceptors has been uncertain. We herein describe a novel L-selectin ligand sulfotransferase, termed LSST, that directs the synthesis of the 6-sulfo sialyl Lewis(x) on L-selectin counterreceptors CD34, GlyCAM-1, and MAdCAM-1. LSST is predominantly expressed in HEV and exhibits striking catalytic preference for core 2-branched mucin-type O-glycans as found in natural L-selectin counterreceptors. LSST enhances L-selectin-mediated adhesion under shear compared to nonsulfated controls. LSST therefore corresponds to an HEV-specific sulfotransferase that contributes to the biosynthesis of L-selectin ligands required for lymphocyte homing.

Topics: Acetylglucosamine; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Antigens, CD34; Base Sequence; Carbohydrate Conformation; Carbohydrate Sequence; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; DNA, Complementary; Endothelium, Lymphatic; Fucosyltransferases; Humans; Hyperplasia; L-Selectin; Lewis X Antigen; Ligands; Mice; Mice, Inbred AKR; Molecular Sequence Data; Mucins; Oligosaccharides; Rheology; Sialyl Lewis X Antigen; Sulfates; Sulfotransferases; Thymus Gland

Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Disease Models, Animal; Escherichia coli Proteins; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Hyperplasia; Lewis Blood Group Antigens; Lewis X Antigen; Lymphocytes; Transcription Factors

Occurrence of monocytoid B-lymphocytes (MBL) in extranodal organs in various inflammatory diseases was examined. MBL were present in 5 (11.4%) of 44 patients with Graves' disease, 11 (36.7%) of 30 with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 1 (8.3%) of 12 with lymphoid follicular hyperplasia (LFH) of stomach, 1 (10%) of 10 with cutaneous LFH, and 0 of 5 with LFH of lung. The MBL presented as irregularly shaped nodular collections of cells, directly surrounding secondary follicles. Immunohistochemistry revealed a B-cell nature of these cells which expressed the following antigens; CD3-, CD 15-, CD45RA+, CD45Ro-, CDw 75+, CD74+, Mx-PanB+, MB-1+, EMA-. There were no immunoglobulin light chain restriction among infiltrating lymphoid cells. MBL in 2 of 18 cases showed positive reaction for CD43. The patients with MBL were older than those without MBL in each organ site, though the difference was not statistically significant. These findings showed that the MBL could appear in nonlymphoid organs affected by long-standing inflammation. High frequency of the appearance of the MBL in Hashimoto's thyroiditis suggest that MBL proliferation correlates with an impaired immune status.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Autoimmune Diseases; B-Lymphocytes; CD3 Complex; Cell Movement; Female; Graves Disease; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; Humans; Hyperplasia; Immunohistochemistry; Incidence; Leukocyte Common Antigens; Leukosialin; Lewis X Antigen; Lung Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Sialoglycoproteins; Skin Diseases; Stomach Diseases; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune

Phenotypic expression of sialylated Lewis(x) antigen by means of the monoclonal antiserum SNH3 was studied in 87 livers, which included normal and steatotic livers and livers with chronic persistent and chronic active hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, allograft rejection, focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, metastatic carcinoma, cirrhosis of various causes (autoimmune, alcoholic, viral, drug induced, Wilson's disease, and primary biliary cirrhosis). The biotin-streptavidin-peroxidase method was used on formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. Sialylated Lewis(x) antigen was not demonstrated in normal livers. Hepatocellular expression in a diffuse or perinodular honeycomb pattern was seen in cirrhosis, irrespective of cause. Sialylated Lewis(x) antigen was also observed in hepatocytes around metastatic carcinoma in the absence of inflammation, cirrhosis, or regeneration. Some bile ductules, most likely ductular hepatocytes, but not bile ducts, expressed sialylated Lewis(x) antigen. Sialylated Lewis(x) antigen was seen diffusely in fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma, focally in other hepatocellular carcinomas, and either focally or diffusely in cholangiocarcinomas.

Topics: Chronic Disease; Fatty Liver; Humans; Hyperplasia; Lewis X Antigen; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Diseases; Liver Neoplasms

Alterations of carbohydrate chain antigens were investigated immunohistochemical in relation to histological malignant changes on 62 cases of gastric atypical epithelial lesions (adenomas) which were diagnosed as Group-III at the first biopsy and then followed up more than one year. Among 7 carbohydrate chain antigens which are related to Lewis antigens, sialyl Lex-i antigen showed the most impressive findings; The positivity percentage of the first biopsy specimens of Group-III was 6%, however, it raised to 33% in the final biopsy specimens of Group-IV, 50% in the resected specimens of border-line lesions, and 67% in the resected specimens of carcinomas. The results indicate that there exists a close correlation between malignant change of gastric atypical epithelial lesions and alteration of carbohydrate chain in terms of sialylation.

Topics: Adenoma; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; Carcinoma; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gastric Mucosa; Humans; Hyperplasia; Immunohistochemistry; Lewis X Antigen; Male; Middle Aged; Stomach Neoplasms

The monoclonal antibody Hy2D4 was found to label a previously undescribed subset of rat and human anterior pituitary cells. The antibody binding site appears to be a carbohydrate moiety previously named "X hapten." Double-label immunofluorescence studies in both normal rat and postmortem human pituitaries showed that this antigen is distributed on a subset of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-positive cells, but is not detectable in cells immunoreactive for growth hormone, prolactin (PRL), thyroid-stimulating hormone, or luteinizing hormone. Since X hapten labeling revealed a biological subdivision of corticotroph cells, it was expected that some ACTH-positive tumors would be immunoreactive, but that tumors of other hormonal types would be negative. Instead, in 21 surgical specimens examined, tumors of all hormonal types were found to show immunoreactivity. To determine whether experimental proliferative changes in the pituitary could explain the shift in the cell type expressing the antigen, PRL-cell hyperplasia was induced in rats through chronic (8-week) exposure to diethylstilbestrol. The fraction of X-positive cells increased in these hyperplastic glands almost ninefold and, as in human adenomas, many non-corticotroph cells expressed the X marker in this model. However, the non-corticotroph cells expressing X were predominantly growth hormone cells, not the proliferative PRL cells. Thus, expression of the antigen does not necessarily imply that a cell is in a proliferative mode. While it is not known what role an altered expression of this antigen might play, the antibody offers a probe into cellular biology of human and experimental pituitary tumors.

Topics: Adenoma; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Antigens, Neoplasm; Cells; Diethylstilbestrol; Epitopes; Glycolipids; Humans; Hyperplasia; Immunochemistry; Lewis X Antigen; Pituitary Gland; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Pituitary Neoplasms; Prolactin; Rats