lewis-x-antigen and Carcinoma--Squamous-Cell

This review is concerned with the usefulness and the problem of biomarkers for cancer of digestive organs. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a most popular and useful tumor marker for cancer of digestive organs. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen and CYFRA have been reported as a useful tumor marker for esophageal cancer. CEA and CA 19-9 are a good prognostic factor in gastric cancer patients. The post-operative increase of serum CEA can be a predictive marker for the patients of colorectal cancer. Development of a radioimmunoassay for highly sensitive detection of tumor markers, they are considered to be useful for monitoring after treatment. But are not useful for the early diagnosis. The diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is based mainly on serological markers, such as alpha-fetoprotein and PIVKA-II. The two are useful complementary markers of HCC because they do not correlate with each other. But the problem of the false-positive rate for the patients with chronic hepatitis or liver cirrhosis is still remained. A typical marker of pancreatic and bile duct cancer is carbohydrate antigen, but the sensitivity of these markers is only 50%. Recent molecular biological analysis may be used as effective biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis, therapy, and risk assessment of digestive cancer.

Topics: alpha-Fetoproteins; Antigens, CD19; Antigens, Neoplasm; Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Colorectal Neoplasms; Digestive System Neoplasms; Esophageal Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Keratin-19; Keratins; Lewis X Antigen; Liver Neoplasms; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Prognosis; Protein Precursors; Prothrombin; Stomach Neoplasms

It has been reported in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) that myeloid-derived suppressor cells infiltrate tumor tissues. This study examined whether S-1 chemotherapy changes immune cell populations in the tumor microenvironment.. We examined 71 patients with of OSCC, including 51 patients who received preoperative S-1 chemotherapy. Immunohistochemistry for PD-L1, CD8, forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3), and CD15 was performed using biopsy and resected specimens.. The numbers of CD8. Preoperative S-1 chemotherapy can potentially improve prognosis by reducing CD15

Topics: B7-H1 Antigen; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Lewis X Antigen; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating; Mouth Neoplasms; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Prognosis; Tumor Microenvironment

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive disease with poor prognosis without appropriate prognostic markers. Previous research shows that Lewis antigens have been involved in carcinoma dissemination and patients´ survival. Fucosyl and sialyltransferases are the enzymes implicated in the Lewis antigens synthesis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic utility of Lewis antigens in HNSCC. We conducted a prospective research including histological samples from 79 patients with primary HNSCC. Lewis x and sialyl Lewis x expression were detected by immunohistochemistry; patient's data, progression free, and overall survival were documented. A statistical correlation study of antigenic expression and patients´ histopathological variables was performed. Cox regression models with internal validation procedures were employed to analyze survival data. By immunohistochemistry, Lewis x was detected in 34/79 (43%) tumor samples, while sialyl Lewis x only in 11/79 (14%). Lewis x expression showed a positive correlation with tumor differentiation and a better overall survival for Lewis x + patients was detected. Moreover, multivariate Cox's regression analysis showed that Lewis x is an independent predictor of better overall survival. The in silico analysis supported the presence of deregulated fucosyl (FUT4) and sialyltransferase (ST3GAL4) in the Lewis synthetic pathway related to patient survival. These results suggest that Lewis x expression is associated with a better outcome in patients with HNSCC.

Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Lewis X Antigen; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Survival Rate

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) reportedly play a pivotal role in antitumor immunity against oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC); however, mechanisms governing TIL recruitment to OSCC tissues remain to be clarified. This study was undertaken to assess a potential association between TILs and high endothelial venule (HEV)-like vessels that express sialyl 6-sulfo Lewis X (LeX).. OSCC tissue sections (n=41) were subjected to immunohistochemistry for sialyl 6-sulfo LeX and CD34 to allow quantitation of HEV-like vessels. Triple immunohistochemistry for sialyl 6-sulfo LeX and either CD3 and CD20 or CD4 and CD8 was conducted to determine which lymphocyte subset is more closely associated with HEV-like vessels.. HEV-like vessels expressing sialyl 6-sulfo LeX were detected in 27 of 41 (65.9%) OSCC cases, and these vessels were more frequently found in early disease (T1/T2 stages) compared with advanced (T3/T4) stages. The number of T cells attached to the inner surface of these HEV-like vessels was significantly greater than that of B cells, while the number of CD4. Sialyl 6-sulfo LeX is displayed not only on HEV-like vessels but also on OSCC cells and may potentially function in antitumor immunity against OSCC.

Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Lewis X Antigen; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating; Male; Mouth Neoplasms; Oligosaccharides; Sialyl Lewis X Antigen

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a heterogeneous population of immature and progenitor myeloid cells with an immunosuppressive role in various types of cancer, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the effect on the host immune system, especially on invariant NKT (iNKT) cells with potent anti-tumor activity, remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of circulating MDSC subsets on the peripheral lymphocytes of patients with head and neck tumors. A significant accumulation of CD15+ granulocytic MDSC (G-MDSC) and CD14+ monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC) was demonstrated in HNSCC patients. The percentage of G-MDSC showed an inverse correlation with the percentage of T cells in the peripheral blood. The increased G-MDSC was significantly associated with advanced clinical stage and poor prognosis of HNSCC patients. The proliferation and viability of T cells were suppressed by CD15+ cells, and the suppression was reversed by adding the hydrogen peroxide scavenger catalase. However, iNKT cell activation upon α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer) stimulation was not affected by the presence or absence of CD15+ G-MDSC. These results indicate that increased G-MDSC negatively affects peripheral T cell immunity, but not iNKT cells, in HNSCC patients, and that T cells are more sensitive to hydrogen peroxide produced by G-MDSC than iNKT cells. Cancer immunotherapy designed to enhance the antitumor activity of iNKT cells by stimulation with αGalCer may remain effective in the presence of G-MDSC.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Case-Control Studies; Cell Proliferation; Female; Fucosyltransferases; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Immunotherapy, Adoptive; Lewis X Antigen; Male; Middle Aged; Myeloid Cells; Natural Killer T-Cells

The survival rate for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is among the lowest of the major cancers and has not substantially improved in the past two decades. Tumours with similar histological features may have widely differing clinical outcomes and thus identification of prognostic and predictive biomarkers may be valuable for determining appropriate clinical management strategies. The objective of this study was to establish the prognostic significance of six molecular markers in HNSCC in a New Zealand population: matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2, MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1, sialyl Lewis antigens a and x (sLe(a) , sLe(x) ) and alpha B-crystallin.. Retrospective review of 145 sequential HNSCC patients from a tertiary centre with minimum 3 years surveillance. Sections from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumour blocks were immunostained for the molecular markers and scored. Cox regression modelling was used to adjust for potential confounding variables impacting on cancer survival.. Multivariate analysis for individual biomarkers, controlling for age, sex, tumour grade, N-stage, T-stage, tumour site, smoking history and alcohol use, revealed poorer survival with tumour expression of MMP-2 (hazard ratio = 1.98, 95% confidence interval: 1.11-3.52, P = 0.021) and sLe(x) (hazard ratio = 3.22, 95% confidence interval: 1.33-7.80, P = 0.010). A stepwise analysis showed that MMP-2 and sLe(x) were independently prognostic after covariate adjustment.. MMP-2 and sLe(x) were negative prognostic markers for survival in these HNSCC patients. This offers opportunities for clinical trials to reduce the risk of nodal and distant metastases through blocking tumour cell adhesion to endothelium.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; alpha-Crystallin B Chain; Biomarkers, Tumor; CA-19-9 Antigen; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Lewis X Antigen; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; New Zealand; Oligosaccharides; Prognosis; Proportional Hazards Models; Retrospective Studies; Sialyl Lewis X Antigen; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1

The present study aimed to explore the clinical significance of neutrophils infiltration and carcinoembryonic antigen related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) expression in the tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC), and to probe the possible relationship between them.. Tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry were used to detect neutrophils density and CEACAM1 expression in 74 cases of primary TSCC specimens and 17 cases of corresponding peritumoral tissues. The relationship of CEACAM1 expression and neutrophils density with clinicopathologic parameters and cancer-related survival of TSCC patients were evaluated. The correlation between CEACAM1 expression and neutrophils density was also evaluated. Real-time quantitative transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to explore the possible molecular mechanisms between CEACAM1 expression and neutrophils infiltration.. Immunohistochemistry evaluation revealed that there was more neutrophils infiltration in TSCC tissues than in peritumoral tissues. High neutrophil density was associated with LN metastasis (P=0.01), higher clinical stage (P=0.037) and tumor recurrence (P=0.024). CEACAM1 overexpression was also associated with lymph node metastasis (P=0.000) and higher clinical stage (P=0.001). Survival analysis revealed that both neutrophils infiltration and CEACAM1 overexpression were associated with poorer cancer-related survival of TSCC patients (P<0.05), and neutrophils infiltration was an independent prognostic factor for TSCC (P<0.05). Furthermore, overexpression of CEACAM1 was correlated with more neutrophils infiltration in TSCC tissues (P<0.01). qRT-PCR results showed that CEACAM1-4L can upregulate the mRNA expression of IL-8 and CXCL-6, which were strong chemotactic factors of neutrophils.. Our results demonstrated that more neutrophils infiltration and overexpression of CEACAM1 were associated with poor clinical outcomes in TSCC tissues. Overexpression of CEACAM1 on tumor cells correlated with more neutrophils infiltration to some extent through upregulating mRNA expression of IL-8 and CXCL-6.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Alternative Splicing; Antigens, CD; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Chemokine CCL2; Chemokine CXCL6; Female; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Interleukin-8; Lewis X Antigen; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Grading; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Staging; Neutrophil Infiltration; Neutrophils; Tongue Neoplasms; Transfection

Enhanced fucosyltransferase IV (FUT4) expression correlates with increased tumor malignancy in many carcinomas. However, little is known about the regulation of FUT4 expression, and whether FUT4 expression is influenced by the methylation status of the FUT4 promoter is unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that FUT4 expression is negatively correlated with the methylation degree of a CpG island in the FUT4 promoter, suggesting that the methylation status of FUT4 promoter regulates the expression of FUT4. The results indicate that manipulating the methylation status of the FUT4 promoter to regulate FUT4 expression may be a novel approach in the treatment of malignant tumors.

Topics: Azacitidine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Line, Tumor; CpG Islands; Cytidine Triphosphate; DNA Methylation; Fucosyltransferases; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Lewis X Antigen; Promoter Regions, Genetic

Fucosyltransferase IV (FUT4) has been implicated in cell adhesion, motility, and tumor progression in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells. We previously reported that it promotes cell proliferation through the ERK/MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying FUT4- induced cell invasion remain unknown. In this study we determined the effect of FUT4 on expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-12 induced by EGF in A431 cells. Treatment with EGF resulted in an alteration of cell morphology and induced an increase in the expression of MMP-12. EGF induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and resulted in phosphorylation of IκBα in a time-dependent manner. In addition, ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK were shown to play a crucial role in mediating EGF-induced NF-κB translocation and phosphorylation of IκBα when treated with the MAPK inhibitors, PD98059 and SB203580, which resulted in increased MMP-12 expression. Importantly, we showed that FUT4 up-regulated EGF-induced MMP-12 expression by promoting the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK, thereby inducing phosphorylation/ degradation of IκBα, NF-κB activation. Base on our data, we propose that FUT4 up-regulates expression of MMP-12 via a MAPK-NF-κB-dependent mechanism.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Nucleus; Cytosol; Epidermal Growth Factor; Fucosyltransferases; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; I-kappa B Proteins; Lewis X Antigen; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Matrix Metalloproteinase 12; NF-kappa B; NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; Protein Transport; Transcription Factor RelA; Transfection

The clinical relevance of the carbohydrate antigen Sialyl Lewis a (SLea) as a serum tumor marker in diagnosis and follow-up treatment is unquestioned in a broad spectra of human carcinomas. Overexpression of this antigen is combined with poor prognosis and malignant relapse. The aim of our study was the systematic investigation of SLea expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx versus normal and phlogistic tissue.. Paraffin-embedded sections of normal, phlogistic and squamous cell carcinoma tissue were incubated with a monoclonal antibody against SLea. The staining reaction was performed using ABC-Peroxidase and DAB. As a positive control tissue of breast cancer was used and the negative control was performed with unspecific mouse IgM. Semiquantitative evaluations were carried out double-blinded by two independent investigators, including a pathologist.. A very faint expression of SLea (Ca19-9) in normal laryngeal tissue, a moderate upregulation in phlogistic tissue and a dramatic upregulation in some types of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx were observed. Laryngeal cancer is the most common cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract. Most cases of laryngeal cancer are squamous cell carcinoma and can be classified into: well differentiated (more than 75% keratinization), moderately differentiated (25-75% keratinization), and poorly differentiated (<25% keratinisation) carcinomas.. The results of this study indicate that SLea is a potential tumor marker in carcinoma of the larynx.

Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; CA-19-9 Antigen; Carbohydrates; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Keratins; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Lewis X Antigen; Sialyl Lewis X Antigen; Up-Regulation

The present study aimed to determine significance of E-cadherin, a cell adhesion molecule, and sialyl Lewis-X (sLeX), a cell surface antigen, in oral carcinogenesis. Expressions of E-cadherin and sLeX were detected using western blot analysis from oral malignant (n=25), and oral precancerous tissues (OPC, n=20) and their adjacent normal tissues. An altered expression of E-cadherin (E-cad) and sLeX was observed in malignant and precancerous tissues. E-cad western blot revealed presence of two bands, a 120 kDa (native, E-cad120) and a 97 kDa (known as truncated E-cad97). The accumulation of truncated E-cad97 and sLeX in malignant and OPC tissues compared to their adjacent normal tissues was observed. Receiver's Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis showed good discriminatory efficacy of E-cad97, E-cad97:120 ratio and sLeX between the malignant and adjacent. normal tissues. Further, a positive correlation of E-cad97 and sLeX overexpression with advanced stage of the disease and lymphnode metastasis was observed. The data suggest that E-cadherin truncation and sLeX overexpression are early events which may facilitate the tumor cells to metastasize. Also, overexpression E-cad97 and sLeX in OPC tissues may be useful to predict metastatic potentials of tumors at an early stage of oral carcinogenesis. Key words: Oral cancer, oral precancerous conditions, E-cadherin, sialyl Lewis-X, metastasis.

Topics: Adult; Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; Biomarkers, Tumor; Blotting, Western; Cadherins; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Humans; Lewis X Antigen; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Precancerous Conditions; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; ROC Curve; Sialyl Lewis X Antigen

In a previous study, we found tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia (TATE) to be a favourable prognostic indicator for oral squamous cell carcinomas. Special techniques such as autofluorescence or immunohistochemistry are reported to be sometimes necessary to detect the presence of intact and degranulating eosinophils within the tumors. The aim of this study was to compare the number of eosinophils identified routinely with hematoxylin and eosin stain and by immunohistochemistry in oral squamous cell carcinomas with TATE. Thirty specimens of oral squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, floor of the mouth, retromolar area and inferior gingiva with TNM stages II and III were used for histopathological analysis. Three-micrometer sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemically with monoclonal anti-human granulocyte-associated antigen using a standard streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique. The number of eosinophils/mm2 in the invasive front of the tumors was automatically quantified in a x400 field using an image computer analyser. Univariate statistical analysis was carried out using Student's t test. The computer-assisted morphometric results showed that there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) in the number of eosinophils/mm2 identified by hematoxylin and eosin or immunostaining technique in oral squamous cell carcinomas with TATE. This result suggests that hematoxilyn and eosin routine stain is a useful technique for measuring eosinophils in squamous cell carcinoma with eosinophilic tumor infiltration.

Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Eosinophilia; Eosinophils; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Lewis X Antigen; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms

Recently published data suggest a prognostic value of immunohistochemical proliferation markers for limited laryngeal carcinoma. Previous studies have reported contrasting findings on this issue. In this context, different treatment modalities may be responsible for contradictory findings. To study the relationship between proliferative activity--expressed by the immunohistochemical labeling index of proliferation-associated markers Ki-67 (MIB1), Lewis-X (LeuM1), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and by p53 status--and treatment failure in a matched-pair study on recurrent and nonrecurrent T1 and T2 glottic carcinoma having received primary transoral laser surgery.. Twenty-one patients with tumor recurrence were randomly selected and matched with 26 patients with nonrecurrent disease regarding histopathological grading and age. MIB1 staining was used to determine the Ki-67 labeling index, and LeuM1 staining for detecting the Lewis-X antigen; immunohistochemistry determined the p53 status and PCNA labeling index.. The Ki-67 labeling index was significantly (P = .001) higher in tumors from patients who had treatment failure (mean = 20.02%) than in patients who did not fail treatment ("nonfailures") (mean = 9.95%). Carcinoma with a Ki-67 (MIB1) labeling index above the median (15%) of the general study population showed a mean time to relapse of 23 months (n = 21), compared with 50 months for cases (n = 26) below the median (P = .016). PCNA labeling index correlated less impressively with tumor recurrence (mean = 28.59% for treatment failures, mean = 21.75% for nonfailures, P = .022). Positive detection of the Lewis-X antigen was significantly associated with recurrence (P = .015) and time to relapse (P = .006). Status of p53 was not a significant prognostic factor.. The Ki-67 (MIB1) labeling index may be associated with early relapse of limited laryngeal carcinoma treated with transoral laser surgery. Since the prognostic relevance of Ki-67 seems to be different for radiological and surgical concepts of treatment, Ki-67 might become useful as criterion of therapy selection. The Lewis-X antigen, for the first time used on laryngeal carcinoma, seems to be a strong prognostic marker deserving further investigations.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antigens, Neoplasm; Antigens, Surface; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Genes, p53; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Ki-67 Antigen; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Lewis X Antigen; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen

The progression from uncontrolled cell proliferation to invasion and metastasis of epithelial tumors is partially understood. Alteration of epithelial mucin expression have been described in different malignant localizations but only few attempts have been made to identify mucin expression in malignant laryngeal tumors. In the present report, results are shown of studies on the expression of mucins and carbohydrate related antigens in laryngeal cancer and on the isolation of MUC1 mucin from this tumor tissue. Malignant laryngeal specimens were processed for immunohistochemical analysis and for extranuclear membrane fractions (ENM) which were obtained by ultracentrifugation. Subsequently, ENM samples were centrifuged in density-gradient; the analysis of fractions was performed by means of SDS-PAGE and Western-blotting. The panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) included anti MUC1 mucin, anti Lewis x, anti sialyl Lewis x, anti Lewis y, anti MUC-5B, anti oral mucin (gp230), anti Tn hapten, anti p53 and anti cytokeratins. By immunohistochemistry, it was possible to detect MUC1 mucin, Lewis x and Lewis y showing strong reactions while sialyl-Lewis x and Tn antigen only reacted weakly in a few cells; cytokeratins were detected in all samples. In ENM derived fractions obtained by CsCl centrifugation, MUC1 was demonstrated by Western blotting.. (1) laryngeal cancer antigenic expression comprises mostly MUC1 mucin, Lewis x, Lewis y as well as Tn antigen and (2) the methodology here employed is useful to isolate MUC1 from tumor samples.

Topics: Aged; Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; Blotting, Western; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Lewis Blood Group Antigens; Lewis X Antigen; Male; Mucin-1; Mucins

Carbohydrate antigens in cancer cells are considered to be involved in the binding of cancer cells to the endothelium during metastasis.. Seventy cases of primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were obtained from biopsy specimens and were analyzed immunohistochemically using an antibody against sialyl Lewis (Le)a or sialyl Le(x). Flow cytometry was performed to detect the sialyl Le(a) or sialyl Le(x) expressed on oral SCC cell lines.. The expressions of sialyl Le(a), but not sialyl Le(x), of primary tumors significantly correlated to nodal metastasis; 71% of the metastatic cases express sialyl Le(a) and the cases with positive sialyl Le(a) and no sialyl Le(x) demonstrated a high incidence of metastasis (80%). A flow cytometric study demonstrated the oral SCC cell line, which can metastasize in nude mice, to express a high level of sialyl Le(a).. The high expression of sialyl Le(a) in primary tumors may thus be involved in nodal metastasis and therefore predict a poor prognosis in oral SCC.

Topics: Animals; Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; Biomarkers, Tumor; CA-19-9 Antigen; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; E-Selectin; Flow Cytometry; Gangliosides; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Lewis X Antigen; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Mice; Mice, Nude; Mouth Neoplasms; Oligosaccharides; Prognosis; Sialyl Lewis X Antigen; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Changes in cell membrane carbohydrate antigens play an important role in metastatic potential associated with carcinogenesis and in prognostic factors. We investigated immunohistochemically the expression of CD15 and sialyl CD15 (sCD15) in lung cancer tissue by using Leu-M1 antibody and MXKM-93 antibody, respectively, and then assessed the relationship between their expression and the patient outcome. Lung cancer tissue expression of CD15 was significantly higher in adenocarcinoma (55.9%) and squamous cell carcinoma (44.7%) than in small cell carcinoma (10%) (p=0.01, p=0.006). Expression of sCD15 was significantly higher in adenocarcinoma (52.9%) than in squamous cell carcinoma (10.5%) or small cell carcinoma (10%) (p<0. 0001, p=0.016). No association was found between CD15 expression and clinical stage, but sCD15 expression increased with clinical stage (stage I+II vs. III+IV: 16.7% vs. 39.6%; p=0.049). Expression of CD15 (1.5%) was significantly lower than expression of sCD15 (12.3%) in normal surrounding tissue. Examination of associations with outcome in NSCLC revealed that expression of sCD15 in resected cases, and expression of CD15 in non-resected cases were significantly correlated with shortening of median survival time (p<0.05). When associations with prognostic factors were assessed by univariate analysis, expression of sCD15 was found to be correlated with distant metastasis, and expression of CD15 with decrease in performance status (PS). In the multivariate analysis by the Cox proportional hazard model, sCD15 and CD15 negativity contributed to longer survival time after PS and clinical stage. The results of a combination assay of CD15 and sCD15 showed that expression of both carbohydrate antigens significantly shortened survival time in both the resected and non-resected group (log-rank test, p<0.05). This combination assay also appeared to be extremely useful in predicting the outcome in all clinical stages of NSCLC.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Carcinoma, Small Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Lewis X Antigen; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Oligosaccharides; Prognosis; Rabbits; Risk Factors; Sialyl Lewis X Antigen; Survival Analysis

Sialyl Lewis-x (sLx) is a cellular adhesion molecule (CAM) that has been implicated in the inflammatory reaction and cancer metastasis. The sLx is the carbohydrate ligand of endothelial-selectin (E-selectin), an inducible vascular endothelial CAM. The role of sLx has been investigated in several cancers, and its presence has been correlated with advanced disease stage, decreased disease-free survival, and greater metastatic potential. A recent study has found that cultured head and neck (HN) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines express sLx and that binding of these cells to cytokine activated endothelium correlates with the endothelial expression of E-selectin. The purpose of this study was to identify sLx in the tumors of patients with HNSCC and to see if the presence of sLx correlated with disease status.. We performed immunohistochemical (IHC) staining to detect the sLx antigen using the monoclonal antibody (MAb) KM-93. Eighty-two specimens of HNSCC that were obtained at the time of resection or biopsy were analyzed for sLx staining patterns and intensities. The clinical outcomes of survival, disease-free interval, and incidence of distant metastasis were then assessed to determine whether there was a correlation with sLx tumor expression. In addition, we analyzed specimens from metastatic HNSCC sites for expression of sLx.. The sLx expression was identified in 62% of the primary tumor specimens and 87% of the metastatic tumor specimens analyzed by IHC. The staining pattern in the HNSCC tumors differed from that seen in normal squamous epithelium but was variable in both intensity and distribution. The sLx expression in the metastatic sites was higher than in the primary sites in 67% of the specimens (10 of 15). There was no correlation between sLx staining and disease status.. The results of this study demonstrate that sLx is present in HNSCC and supports the data that show that sLx may play a role in the metastasis of HNSCC. Future studies are warranted to evaluate the role of sLx, E-selectin, and other CAMs in HNSCC.

Topics: Adolescent; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Lewis X Antigen; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Oligosaccharides; Sialyl Lewis X Antigen

We report a case of lymphoma associated with lung carcinoma that shows morphological and immunohistochemical features of anaplastic large cell Ki-1 positive lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease, with positivity for Ki-1 (CD-30) (characteristic of both lymphomas) and Leu-M1 (CD-15) (normally dosent absent in anaplastic lymphoma). This subtype of lymphoma is designated anaplastic large-cell Hodgkin's related lymphoma (ALCL related to HD) and is considered by some authors as a secondary anaplastic large-cell lymphoma.

Topics: Antigens, Neoplasm; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Diagnosis, Differential; Fatal Outcome; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Ki-1 Antigen; Ki-67 Antigen; Lewis X Antigen; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary

An immunohistochemical analysis with monoclonal antibodies against Ki-67 (MIB 1), PCNA (PC10), p53 and Lewis X antigen was performed on 47 squamous carcinomas of the larynx after partial laser resection. Ki-67 index and expression of Lewis X antigen correlated significantly with both tumor recurrence rate and tumor-free interval. A much weaker relationship was found for the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and no correlation existed with p53 expression. In conclusion, examination of Ki-67 and Lewis X antigen is thought to provide useful prognostic information concerning laser-resectable squamous carcinomas of the larynx.

Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Disease-Free Survival; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Ki-67 Antigen; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Larynx; Laser Therapy; Lewis X Antigen; Neoplasm Proteins; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasm Staging; Nuclear Proteins; Prognosis; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53

Immunohistochemical expression of Lewisy, sialyl Lewisx, and sialyl Lewisa were examined in relation to blood vessel invasion and prognosis in 133 patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer who had a curative resection from 1980 to 1991. Expression of sialyl Lewisx in adenocarcinomas was higher than in squamous cell and large cell carcinomas, and Lewisy immunoreactivity was the highest among the three antigens. The frequency of blood vessel invasion was significantly higher in tumors with expression of Lewisy or sialyl Lewis antigen (sialyl Lewisx or sialyl Lewisa), however, Lewisy expression was even more significant. The postoperative survival was significantly shorter when tumors expressed both the Lewisy and sialyl Lewis antigen. However, the survival of patients with either Lewisy or sialyl Lewis antigen expression was similar to that of patients whose tumors did not express either the Lewisy or sialyl Lewis antigens. These results suggest that Lewisy and sialyl Lewis antigen may be of prognostic value for metastatic potential but have different functional roles in tumor cells.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Humans; Lewis X Antigen; Lung Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Survival Rate

We investigated immunohistochemically the localization of lysozyme and Leu M1 in normal skin, 76 cases of benign sweat gland tumors, 28 cases of malignant sweat gland tumors, 23 cases of extramammary Paget's disease, 7 cases of sebaceous carcinoma, 6 cases of malignant trichilemmoma, 10 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, and 10 cases of basal cell carcinoma and compared the results with those for gross cystic disease fluid protein (GCDFP)-15 to assess the sensitivity and specificity of our assay conditions for apocrine differentiation. Normal apocrine glands were stained with all three antibodies, while eccrine glands were positive only for GCDFP-15, and other portions of normal skin were not stained with any of the antibodies used. In neoplastic tissue thought to be from apocrine tumors, antibodies raised against lysozyme and GCDFP-15 had a greater specificity (100%) for apocrine differentiation, while Leu M1 had a greater sensitivity (88%). Tissues that were stained with two or three of these antibodies appeared to exhibit apocrine differentiation. In the tumors examined, the specificity for apocrine differentiation was 100% and the sensitivity for such differentiation was 92% by these criteria. According to these criteria, some cases of syringocystadenoma papilliferum, primary mucinous carcinoma of the skin, and extramammary Paget's disease with underlying adenocarcinoma showed apocrine differentiation.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Adenocarcinoma, Sebaceous; Adenoma, Sweat Gland; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Apocrine Glands; Apolipoproteins; Apolipoproteins D; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Carrier Proteins; Cell Differentiation; Eccrine Glands; Female; Glycoproteins; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Lewis X Antigen; Male; Membrane Transport Proteins; Muramidase; Neoplasm Proteins; Neoplasms, Basal Cell; Paget Disease, Extramammary; Sensitivity and Specificity; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Sweat Gland Neoplasms

The expression of 4 kinds of carbohydrate antigens, CA50, CA19-9, sialyl SSEA-1, and DU-PAN-2 was studied immunohistochemically in 15 normal cervical squamous epithelia and 49 cervical carcinomas. (1) In normal epithelia, CA50 and CA19-9 were expressed in all cell layers and all cell layers except for the basal layer, respectively, and a gradual decrease in the intensity of staining was observed in the upper layer. Sialyl SSEA-1 was expressed only in the superficial layer, but DU-PAN-2 was not found in any normal epithelia. (2) In cervical carcinomas, CA50, CA19-9, sialyl SSEA-1 and DU-PAN-2 were observed in 51.0%, 49.0%, 55.1% and 26.7%, respectively. (3) The number of Ki67 positive cells tended to be lower in the area with sialyl SSEA-1 immunostaining. (4) In the cases in which sialyl SSEA-1 positive cells were distributed diffusely in cancer nests, the incidence of lymph node metastasis was significantly higher. These result suggest that the expression of CA50, CA19-9 and sialyl SSEA-1 is related to the differentiation of normal squamous epithelial cells, and sialyl SSEA-1 may be related to cell differentiation also in cervical carcinomas, and the features of its expression may be useful in predicting the biologic properties of cervical carcinomas.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antigens, Neoplasm; Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Differentiation; Cervix Uteri; Epithelium; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Lewis X Antigen; Middle Aged; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

The recognition of an adhesive role for the CEA-related antigens emphasizes the need for clear demonstration of the changes in CEA expression and subcellular localization between normal and neoplastic tissues. Using a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, membranous and cytoplasmic CEA expression was seen in 50 invasive cervical squamous carcinomas in four distinct patterns dependent on tumour type and differentiation. Membranous CEA expression is a marker of differentiation in squamous carcinomas and may influence tumour behaviour and hence patient survival. Strong CEA positivity was seen on the endothelium of vessels containing tumour in ten cases where vascular metastases were prominent. Staining of these ten cases revealed concomitant sialated Lewis X positivity in tumour cells with weak endothelial positivity in three cases; cervical squamous tumour cells may localize to vascular endothelium, and hence disseminate, through specific binding of CEA and/or sialated Lewis X.

Topics: Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Membrane; Cytoplasm; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Humans; Lewis X Antigen; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Apoptosis (programmed cell death) is a basic physiological process which determines specific patterns of tissue size and shape, and balance of cell number, during morphogenesis, and seems to play an integral role in oncogenic progression. Since dramatic changes of cellular glycosylation pattern are well known to be closely correlated with differentiation, development and oncogenesis, it is likely that similar specific changes are associated with apoptosis. However, this possibility has not been systematically investigated. We therefore carried out histological studies of many tumours and normal tissues for which a high incidence of apoptosis is believed to occur. Sections were stained with monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) directed to carbohydrate antigens Le(y) and Le(x), proliferating cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Fas (previously claimed to be an apoptosis-inducing antigen). Antibody staining patterns were compared with morphological cell characteristics as revealed by haematoxylin/eosin staining, and DNA fragmentation patterns (a marker of apoptosis) as revealed by 3'-OH nick-end labelling technique. We found that expression of Le(y) (defined by MoAb BM1) is closely correlated with the process of apoptosis, but not with cell proliferation or necrosis. Within Le(y)-positive areas of tissue sections, typical apoptotic morphological changes and DNA fragmentation (as revealed by positive nick-end labelling) were frequently observed in certain loci, although not all Le(y)-positive cells showed such signs of apoptosis. Le(y)-positive areas showed consistent negative staining by MoAb directed to PCNA and negative or weak staining by MoAb directed to Fas antigen, regardless of tissue source. No such trends were observed for Le(x) glycosylation. We conclude that Le(y) expression is a useful phenotypic marker predictive of apoptosis, i.e. some (although not all) Le(y)-positive cells subsequently become apoptotic.

Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Apoptosis; Carbohydrate Sequence; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Division; Esophageal Neoplasms; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Kidney Neoplasms; Lewis X Antigen; Molecular Sequence Data; Mucous Membrane; Necrosis; Nephrons; Stomach Neoplasms

Serum levels of CA-50, SLX and ST-439 were measured in 213 patients with lung cancer (92 adenocarcinomas, 63 squamous cell carcinomas, 37 small cell carcinomas and 21 large cell carcinomas) and 87 patients with benign lung disease. The overall positive rates in patients with lung cancer were 12.8% for CA-50, 29.7% for SLX and 25.3% for ST-439. The positive rates for CA-50, SLX and ST-439 in adenocarcinoma patients were 22.8%, 42.4% and 38.0%, respectively. Of the patients with benign lung disease, 4.8% were false positive for CA-50, 15.3% for SLX and 3.6% for ST-439. In the patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung, the combination assay of CEA and ST-439 had a highly accurate rate (61.9%).

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Carcinoma, Small Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Humans; Lewis X Antigen; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging

Serum SLX, CEA, SCC and NSE levels were serially measured in 266 patients with lung cancer and compared with those in 345 patients with benign respiratory disorders (BRD). The positive rate for CEA in lung cancer (44.4%) and the false-positive rate in BRD (15.3%) were the highest among the 4 markers. The positive rate for SLX in lung cancer (32.0%) was lower than that of CEA, while the false-positive rate for SLX in BRD (7.2%) was lower than that of CEA. The positive rate for SLX was highest in adenocarcinoma and correlated better with the clinical stages than did CEA. SCC and NSE were specifically elevated in squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma, respectively. Using these 4 markers, only 70.2% of patients were correctly diagnosed as having lung cancer or BRD. In monitoring treatment effect, only SLX showed a statistically significant correlation with regression and progression in adenocarcinoma, while NSE and SLX showed such a correlation in small cell carcinoma. Serum tumor markers seem to be less sensitive for the diagnosis of lung cancer than chest X-ray and sputum cytology, indicating that a search for more specific markers is still required. However, in monitoring treatment effect, SLX appeared to be suitable for adenocarcinoma, while NSE and SLX seemed to be useful in small cell carcinoma.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antigens, Neoplasm; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Carcinoma, Small Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Humans; Lewis X Antigen; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; Serpins

The clinical significance of tumor-associated glycosylated antigen, sialylated Lewisx (SLEX) was demonstrated with reference to pulmonary diseases by fluorescent enzyme immunoassay. In benign lung diseases 5.5% were positive for serum SLEX. Lung cancer, the highest percentage positivity was seen in adenocarcinoma (41.7%), and clinical stage III and IV showed 36.2% and 41.9%, respectively. These results indicate that SLEX might conceivably be useful as a tumor marker, particularly for adenocarcinoma of the lung. Using Sephacryl S-1000 columns the elution profiles of sera and bronchoalveolar lavage in cases of lung cancer, gastric cancer and diffuse panbronchiolitis were also investigated, and it was concluded that the release mechanism of the antigen into blood stream in the malignant diseases is different from that in benign disease and the carrier protein binding to the antigen varies according to the disease.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Small Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Lewis X Antigen; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging

Stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 (SLX) is a glycolipid recognized by a monoclonal antibody (FH 6) which is produced by cells immunized with mice teratocarcinoma cell line. Using an SLX (Otsuka) kit from Ostuka Assay Laboratory, we measured the serum level of SLX in 96 patients with lung cancer, 305 patients with non-cancerous lung disease and 86 healthy adults, prospectively. When we adopted a cutoff level of 42U/ml (mean + 2S.D. in the healthy adults), the overall positive rates were 29.2% in the lung cancer patients, 15.1% in the non-cancerous patients and 0% in the healthy adults. The positive rate of the lung cancer patients was significantly higher than in the patients with non-cancerous lung disease (p less than 0.05). According to the histological type of lung cancer, the positive rates were 40.9% in 44 patients with adenocarcinoma, 18.4% in 37 patients with squamous cell carcinoma, 0% in 7 patients with small cell carcinoma, and 0% in 3 patients with large cell carcinoma. Staging of the lung cancer patients revealed positive rates for serum SLX of 5.6% in 18 stage I patients, 22.2% in 9 stage II patients, 33.3% in 21 stage IIIA patients, 33.3% in 27 stage IIIB patients, 42.9% in 21 stage IV patients. After we performed the immunostaining method for SLX using FH6, positive immunoactivity was demonstrated mainly in the cell membrane of adenocarcinoma cells. SLX seems to be a tumor-associated marker in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Small Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Glycolipids; Humans; Lewis X Antigen; Lung Neoplasms; Reference Values

Serum levels of sialylated Lewisx (SLEX) and sialylated SSEA-1 (S-Xi) in 136 cases of diagnosed lung cancer (63 adenocarcinoma, 45 squamous cell carcinoma, 20 small cell carcinoma and 8 large cell carcinoma) and 111 cases of benign pulmonary disease were measured. The positive rate of these markers in the primary lung cancer group was significantly higher than those in benign pulmonary diseases. The positive rates of serum SLEX and S-Xi in all lung cancer cases were 27.2% and 27.9%, respectively. The antigen levels in the sera were higher in adenocarcinoma as compared to other histologic types, and increased as the stage advanced. It was concluded that SLEX and S-Xi are very useful markers of lung cancer for diagnosis and monitoring the clinical status.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Small Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Gangliosides; Glycolipids; Humans; Lewis X Antigen; Lung Neoplasms

Twenty-six biopsy specimens of oral squamous cell carcinomas were examined by the avidin biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) method for the presence of an epithelial cell membrane bound lacto-N-fucopentaose III, known also as Leu-M1 or Lex antigen. In normal oral epithelium, Leu-M1 antigen was expressed on keratinizing epithelia in the stratum spinosum. In well-differentiated carcinomas the antigen was found on the cell membrane of nucleate cells in infiltrating epithelial islands. Such pattern in moderately well and in poorly differentiated carcinomas was minimally expressed and was associated with flattened squamous cells or otherwise recorded negative. Leu-M1 antigen immunoreactivity in normal oral epithelia and in carcinomas was comparable to that of blood group H-2 chain that were examined. It was concluded that the intensity of the reaction parallels the magnitude of differentiation of epithelia. Leu-M1 antigen can serve as a marker of differentiation in oral squamous epithelium.

Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Neoplasm; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Antigens, Neoplasm; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; H-2 Antigens; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Lewis X Antigen; Mice; Mouth Neoplasms; Oligosaccharides

The 3-fucosyl N-acetyllactosamine residue is the antigen recognized by the monoclonal antibody MC2. Using MC2, we demonstrated the distribution of this antigen in a variety of squamous epithelia. The antigen is expressed to a variable degree on supra-basal cells in most normal non-keratinizing squamous mucosae, with a similar distribution in metaplastic squamous epithelia; antibody-labelled latex microspheres and immunogold electron microscopy show the antigen to form part of the glycocalyx. In dysplastic and neoplastic squamous lesions, expression is reduced or absent except in cells around areas of differentiation. Prior neuraminidase treatment of sections had little effect on the amount or distribution of demonstrable antigen. Expression of this antigen by cells in non-keratinizing squamous epithelia gives an indication of cell maturity and may provide a histological marker for the grading of dysplastic and malignant squamous mucosal lesions. A possible role for these carbohydrate residues in squamous mucosal defence is discussed.

Topics: Antigens, Neoplasm; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Epithelium; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophagus; Humans; Lewis X Antigen; Male; Metaplasia

The clinical significance of serum sialyl SSEA-1 antigen was evaluated using the sera of 1261 patients with malignant tumors and 717 patients with non-malignant diseases measured with Otsuka Assay Laboratories' RIA Kits. The results indicate that the antigen was frequently elevated in the sera from the patients with various adenocarcinomas, including lung (45%), pancreas (64%) and ovary (57%). The false positive incidence of antigens in the sera from the patients with non-malignant disorders was as low as 4.9%. No correlation was observed with other tumor markers examined in this study, and the diagnostic efficiency increased significantly by the combined determination of sialyl SSEA-1 antigen level with other markers. The serial determination of the serum sialyl SSEA-1 antigen level has a clinical utility also in monitoring the patients with adenocarcinoma receiving surgical operation and/or chemotherapy as indicated by the results of the longitudinal observation of the patients.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Antigens, Neoplasm; Carcinoma, Small Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Glycolipids; Humans; Lewis X Antigen; Lung Diseases; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Radioimmunoassay; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic

Bronchopulmonary carcinomas were analyzed immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibody 624A12. The antibody was raised against a human "small cell carcinoma" cell line NCI-H69. It recognizes a particular sugar sequence in lacto-N-fucopentose III, which is preserved in formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissue. Various bronchopulmonary carcinomas revealed characteristic patterns of immunoreactivity. Forty nine/50 adenocarcinomas were immunoreactive either diffusely or focally. The immunostaining was usually limited to the cell membranes with occasional intracytoplasmic immunostaining in large cells. The only negative case had been irradiated before surgical resection. Twenty seven/38 squamous cells carcinomas did not immunostain while the remaining 11 displayed focal immunoreactivity in areas of "loose cellular apposition" associated with necrosis and, rarely, in squamous pearls. All of six adenosquamous carcinomas showed immunoreactivity focally. Eleven/30 large cell carcinomas and 10/11 bronchiolo-alveolar carcinomas were either diffusely or focally immunoreactive. Seven/26 intermediate cell neuroendocrine carcinomas were focally immunoreactive while none of 33 typical small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, 21 carcinoids, and 10 well differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas was immunoreactive. An adenoid cystic carcinoma was diffusely immunoreactive, and a mucoepidermoid carcinoma was focally immunoreactive. We conclude that various bronchopulmonary neoplasms have characteristic patterns of distribution of this antigen, and that monoclonal antibody 624A12 may be useful for the differential diagnose among bronchopulmonary carcinomas, and their differential diagnosis from pleural mesotheliomas.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar; Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Small Cell; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Line; Humans; Lewis X Antigen; Lung Neoplasms; Mice; Mice, Nude; Oligosaccharides