levorphanol and Postoperative-Complications

Thirteen analgesic drugs, four of them at two dose levels, four analgesics in combination with antagonist or neuroleptic agents, and saline have been evaluated simultaneously in the relief of postoperative pain. The method of assessment was designed to favour drugs which provided freedom from pain with minimum depression of consciousness. Only levorphanol 2 mg proved significantly superior to pethidine 100 mg, which was used as the standard reference drug. Oxycodone 10 mg, pentazocine 20 mg, and the morphine 10 mg and cyclizine 50 mg combination were the most successful of the remaining drugs. None of the drug combinations was significantly better than the analgesic drug given alone.

Topics: Abdomen; Adult; Analgesics; Clinical Trials as Topic; Consciousness; Cyclizine; Humans; Levorphanol; Meperidine; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain; Pentazocine; Placebos; Postoperative Complications

Topics: Analgesia; Analgesics; Anesthesia, General; Blood Vessels; Cardiovascular System; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Levorphanol; Methods; Nitrous Oxide; Postoperative Complications; Thiopental; Tubocurarine; Vascular Resistance

Heroin hydrochloride is approximately twice as potent as morphine sulfate, and acts slightly faster but for a shorter duration than morphine. Although patients with chronic pain due to advanced cancer differ from cancer patients with postoperative pain in terms of their degree of tolerance to the analgesic effects of morphine and heroin and their reports of various elements of mood, there is, thus far, no indication that heroin has any unique advantage over morphine in terms of side effect occurrence or effects on mood at equianalgesic doses. Both drugs improve mood provided they are administered in doses which result in analgesia. While there appears to be some slight difference in the spectrum of side effects observed after heroin as compared to morphine, heroin and morphine share the most common side effects. The incidence of side effects following both drugs appear to be highest among those effects which are primarily somatic and undesirable. The use of visual analog scales concurrent with categorical pain and pain relief scores provides a means for the finer estimation of relative analgesic potency and time action. The results of these studies are in general agreement with those of other investigators. Where apparent differences exist they can usually be explained on the bases of differences in methods and subject populations.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Chronic Disease; Female; Heroin; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Levorphanol; Male; Meperidine; Middle Aged; Morphine; Neoplasms; Pain; Postoperative Complications

Topics: Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics; Animals; Antibody Formation; Barbiturates; Cats; Chloral Hydrate; Chloroform; Complement System Proteins; Dogs; Ether; Halothane; Humans; Immunity; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Infections; Levorphanol; Lung; Macrophages; Mice; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Nitrous Oxide; Phagocytosis; Postoperative Complications; Rabbits; Rats; Surgical Wound Infection; Thiopental

Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Atropine; Benperidol; Blood Pressure; Electrocardiography; Fentanyl; Humans; Intubation, Intratracheal; Levorphanol; Meperidine; Methods; Neuroleptanalgesia; Nitrous Oxide; Oxygen; Postoperative Complications; Preanesthetic Medication; Pulse; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Thiopental; Time Factors; Tubocurarine