levoleucovorin and Gastrointestinal-Hemorrhage

Tumors arising from Meckel's diverticulum (MD) reported in the literature are mainly carcinoid and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. We herein report a rare case of adenocarcinoma arising from intestinal mucosa in an MD with multiple liver metastases at the onset of symptoms. A 57-year-old female complaining of bloody stool for 2 weeks was admitted to our hospital. Colonoscopy revealed massive bloody fluids but did not find any neoplasm. Computed tomography (CT) found a heterogeneous mass at the distal ileum and multiple liver metastases. A segmental ileal resection with local mesentery excision was performed to control the bleeding. During surgery, a tumor arising from a diverticulum in the antimesenteric border of ileum was observed. Histologic examination revealed moderate to poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Majority of the MD remain asymptomatic and are diagnosed incidentally during small bowel contrast study, laparoscopy or laparotomy done for unrelated conditions, or until complications arise from the diverticulum. Malignancies are reported to account for only 0.5%-3.2% of the complications. The occurrence of adenocarcinoma in an MD is exceedingly rare. In the few cases described so far, the prognosis of adenocarcinoma within an MD has been poor due to the advanced stage as seen at the time of surgery. Despite the availability of many publications, there is a little consensus concerning the management of an incidental finding of MD. Adenocarcinoma in an MD is extremely sporadic and prognosis has been reported as very poor. However, early diagnosis is challenging. When found incidentally during laparotomy, MD should be carefully examined and best treated with prophylactic resection.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Biomarkers, Tumor; Colonoscopy; Female; Fluorouracil; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Ileum; Incidental Findings; Intestinal Mucosa; Leucovorin; Meckel Diverticulum; Middle Aged; Organoplatinum Compounds; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonography

Multiple primary malignancy is defined as two or more malignancies detected in an individual person. In particular, synchronous quintuple primary malignancy is extremely rare. A 52-year-old male with anal pain and intermittent blood-tinged stool was diagnosed with malignancies in the stomach, jejunum, ascending colon, transverse colon and rectum. He underwent a subtotal gastrectomy, segmental resection of the jejunum and total protocolectomy with end ileostomy. The postoperative pathologic findings were moderate differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma (pT1bN0M0, pStageIA), combined adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma of the jejunum (pT3N0M0, pStageIIA), three mucinous adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon (pT3N0M0, pStageIIA), transverse colon (pT1N0M0, pStageI) and rectum (pT3N1aM0, pStageIIIB). The tumors did not lack MLH-1 and MSH-2 expression, as the markers (bat26, D5S346, bat25, D2S123) suggest MSI-H presence. Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy was started according to regimen, FOLFOX 4 for advanced rectal cancer. Six years post-operation, the patient is currently attending regular follow-ups without recurrence or metastasis.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cancer Pain; Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant; Colectomy; Colonic Neoplasms; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Fluorouracil; Gastrectomy; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Ileostomy; Jejunal Neoplasms; Leucovorin; Male; Microsatellite Instability; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; Organoplatinum Compounds; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Rectal Neoplasms; Stomach Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

We relate 2 cases reports about rectal cancer and pregnancy. This association is rare but is a real problem of management because diagnosis is done latly and it mate have incompatibility between treatments and pregnancy. A medical bibliography has been done, to define the best medical procedure in function of the disease staging and the pregnancy term. It shows that a multi disciplinary decision must be done, which take into consideration the choice of the obstetricals, pediatricians, surgeons, and oncologists, but also the patient's choice.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Antineoplastic Agents; Case Management; Cesarean Section; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Combined Modality Therapy; Diagnostic Errors; Female; Fluorouracil; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Hemorrhoids; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Leucovorin; Lymphatic Metastasis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic; Prognosis; Rectal Neoplasms; Rectum; Risk Factors

Major concerns surround combining chemotherapy with bevacizumab in patients with colon cancer presenting with an asymptomatic intact primary tumor (IPT) and synchronous yet unresectable metastatic disease. Surgical resection of asymptomatic IPT is controversial.. Eligibility for this prospective, multicenter phase II trial included Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0 to 1, asymptomatic IPT, and unresectable metastases. All received infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (mFOLFOX6) combined with bevacizumab. The primary end point was major morbidity events, defined as surgical resection because of symptoms at or death related to the IPT. A 25% major morbidity rate was considered acceptable. Secondary end points included overall survival (OS) and minor morbidity related to IPT requiring hospitalization, transfusion, or nonsurgical intervention.. Ninety patients registered between March 2006 and June 2009: 86 were eligible with follow-up, median age was 58 years, and 52% were female. Median follow-up was 20.7 months. There were 12 patients (14%) with major morbidity related to IPT: 10 required surgery (eight, obstruction; one, perforation; and one, abdominal pain), and two patients died. The 24-month cumulative incidence of major morbidity was 16.3% (95% CI, 7.6% to 25.1%). Eleven IPTs were resected without a morbidity event: eight for attempted cure and three for other reasons. Two patients had minor morbidity events only: one hospitalization and one nonsurgical intervention. Median OS was 19.9 months (95% CI, 15.0 to 27.2 months).. This trial met its primary end point. Combining mFOLFOX6 with bevacizumab did not result in an unacceptable rate of obstruction, perforation, bleeding, or death related to IPT. Survival was not compromised. These patients can be spared initial noncurative resection of their asymptomatic IPT.

Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bevacizumab; Colonic Neoplasms; Female; Fluorouracil; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Intestinal Obstruction; Intestinal Perforation; Leucovorin; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Organoplatinum Compounds

Topics: Aged; Anemia; Erythrocyte Volume; Erythrocytes, Abnormal; Female; Ferric Compounds; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Hemoglobins; Hemorrhoids; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Leucovorin; Maltose; Rectum; Reticulocyte Count; Vitamin B 12

Whether prolonged survival with current chemotherapy using molecular target agents has changed the rate of primary tumor-related complications in patients with unresectable stage IV colorectal cancer is unclear.. This study aimed to investigate the rate of primary tumor-related complications among patients receiving targeted therapy as compared with patients receiving chemotherapy without molecular target agents.. This was a retrospective review of data from a prospectively maintained database.. The study was conducted at a high-volume multidisciplinary tertiary cancer center in Japan.. Subjects were 352 consecutive patients with unresectable stage IV colorectal cancer who received systemic chemotherapy without primary tumor resection from 2001 to 2015. Patients were categorized into nontargeted and targeted groups according to the use of molecular target agents.. Complication rates attributed to primary tumors were measured.. Of the 352 patients, 159 were categorized into the nontargeted group and 193 patients into the targeted group. Competing risk-adjusted univariate analysis revealed that the primary tumor-related complication rates in the nontargeted group were 6.9% (95% CI, 3.8%-11.9%) at 1 year and 8.2% (95% CI, 4.8%-13.8%) at 2 years, whereas the targeted group had complication rates of 11.5% (95% CI, 7.5%-16.6%) at 1 year and 16.7% (95% CI, 12.4%-23.3%) at 2 years. Multivariate analysis revealed that the targeted group was ≈2 times more likely to have primary tumor-related complications (subdistribution HR = 2.04 (95% CI, 1.12-4.01); p = 0.020). Median survival time was 12.0 months in the nontargeted group and 24.1 months in the targeted group (p < 0.001).. This study was limited by the retrospective design.. Targeted therapy was associated with a significantly increased risk of primary tumor-related complications during chemotherapy. However, targeted therapy also improved overall survival, making it a tolerable therapy. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B536.. ANTECEDENTES:No está claro si la supervivencia prolongada con la quimioterapia actual utilizando agentes moleculares dirigidos ha cambiado la tasa de complicaciones relacionadas con el tumor primario en pacientes con cáncer colorrectal en estadio IV irresecable.OBJETIVO:Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la tasa de complicaciones relacionadas con el tumor primario entre los pacientes que reciben terapia dirigida, en comparación con pacientes que reciben quimioterapia sin agentes moleculares dirigidos.DISEÑO:Revisión retrospectiva de datos de una base de datos mantenida prospectivamente.ESCENARIO CLINICO:Centro oncológico de tercer nivel multidisciplinario de alto volumen en Japón.PACIENTES:352 pacientes consecutivos con cáncer colorrectal en estadio IV irresecable que recibieron quimioterapia sistémica sin resección del tumor primario entre 2001 y 2015. Los pacientes se clasificaron en grupos dirigidos y no dirigidos según el uso de agentes moleculares dirigidos.PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE VALORACION:Tasas de complicaciones debidas a tumores primarios.RESULTADOS:De los 352 pacientes, 159 se clasificaron en el grupo no dirigido y 193 pacientes en el grupo dirigido. El análisis univariado ajustado al riesgo competitivo reveló que las tasas de complicaciones primarias relacionadas con el tumor en el grupo no dirigido fueron del 6,9% (intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95%, 3,8 - 11,9%) al año y del 8,2% (IC del 95%, 4,8%). - 13,8%) a los dos años, mientras que el grupo dirigido tuvo tasas de complicaciones del 11,5% (IC del 95%, 7,5 - 16,6%) al año y del 16,7% (IC del 95%, 12,4 - 23,3%) a los dos años. El análisis multivariado reveló que el grupo dirigido tenía aproximadamente dos veces más probabilidades de tener complicaciones relacionadas con el tumor primario (razón de riesgo de subdistribución, 2,04; IC del 95%, 1,12 a 4,01; p = 0,020). La mediana del tiempo de supervivencia fue de 12,0 meses en el grupo no dirigido y de 24,1 meses en el grupo dirigido (p <0,001).LIMITACIONES:Este estudio estuvo limitado por el diseño retrospectivo.CONCLUSIONES:La terapia dirigida se asoció con un riesgo significativamente mayor de complicaciones relacionadas con el tumor primario durante la quimioterapia. Sin embargo, la terapia dirigida también mejoró la SG, convirtiéndola en una terapia tolerable. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B536.

Topics: Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bevacizumab; Cetuximab; Colorectal Neoplasms; Female; Fluorouracil; Follow-Up Studies; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Intestinal Obstruction; Intestinal Perforation; Irinotecan; Leucovorin; Male; Middle Aged; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Neoplasm Staging; Organoplatinum Compounds; Panitumumab; Regression Analysis; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Survival Rate

A 72-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with fatigue. Colonoscopy revealed a 50 × 50 mm rectal tumor with bleeding. Based on close inspection, he was diagnosed with unresectable advanced rectal cancer with multiple liver metastases. Chemotherapy was administered as 10 cycles of bevacizumab + mFOLFOX6 and 7 cycles of bevacizumab + FOLFIRI. Nine months later, he presented with hematochezia and progression of anemia. It was difficult to stop the bleeding via endoscopy. He underwent radiation therapy (39 Gy in 13 fractions), and hemostasis was confirmed. Then, further chemotherapy was performed with 3 cycles of bevacizumab + FOLFIRI and 2 cycles of TAS102. However 14 months after the initial visit, he presented with right hypochondralgia and abdominal fullness due to the progression of multiple liver metastases. Palliative low-dose whole-liver radiation therapy (WLRT) (30 Gy in 10 fractions) was performed. He developed Grade 2 nausea, but his right hypochondralgia reduced, liver dysfunction improved, and he successfully completed radiotherapy. At approximately the same time his anemia progressed, and colonoscopy revealed recurrent bleeding from the tumor. Re-irradiation (15 Gy in 5 fractions) of the rectal tumor was carried out and a blood transfusion was performed for the bleeding. He was discharged after confirmation the anemia had not progressed. Few reports have been published on the use of both palliative re-irradiation to stop bleeding from rectal cancer and palliative low-dose WLRT. Based on our experience with this case, we believe that palliative radiotherapy can be useful in treating patients with a poor prognosis.

Topics: Abdominal Pain; Aged; Anemia; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bevacizumab; Camptothecin; Disease Progression; Fluorouracil; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Hemostasis; Humans; Leucovorin; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Organoplatinum Compounds; Palliative Care; Radiotherapy; Radiotherapy Dosage; Rectal Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome

A 27-year-old woman with colon cancer and liver metastasis was referred to our hospital. Colectomy and colostomy were performed to improve her ileus. Following 13 sessions of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy (OC) with mFOLFOX6 + bevacizumab, thrombocytopenia and frequent peristomal bleeding occurred. Computed tomography showed severe ascites, splenomegaly, significant collateral veins around the stoma, and severe stenosis of the hepatic veins (HV) and inferior vena cava (IVC). Ultrasound elastography showed high liver (and spleen) stiffness values. Repeated OC appeared to cause IVC stenosis as a result of worsening sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), and peristomal variceal bleeding. After ultrasound-guided percutaneous embolization, bleeding did not recur. Unfortunately, the patient died of liver dysfunction caused by severe SOS. The incidence of OC-induced SOS is reported to be about 50%; however, there is apparently no report of OC-induced HV and IVC stenosis, and in most cases, portal hypertension is improved after OC cessation. This is the first report of OC-induced severe HV and IVC stenosis resulting in refractory peristomal variceal bleeding and eventual death.

Topics: Adult; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bevacizumab; Colonic Neoplasms; Constriction, Pathologic; Embolization, Therapeutic; Fatal Outcome; Female; Fluorouracil; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Hepatic Veins; Humans; Leucovorin; Organoplatinum Compounds; Oxaliplatin; Surgical Stomas; Thrombocytopenia; Varicose Veins; Vena Cava, Inferior

Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bevacizumab; Colorectal Neoplasms; Esophageal and Gastric Varices; Female; Fluorouracil; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Hypertension, Portal; Leucovorin; Middle Aged; Organoplatinum Compounds; Oxaliplatin; Portal System; Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic; Sclerosis

We report on a 65-year-old female patient with a recent diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon and massive hematochezia in the context of a general bleeding disorder.. Disseminated malignant disease with hepatic metastases as well as bone marrow involvement was demonstrated. Moreover, circulating tumor cells were demonstrated by flow cytometry. The patient had right lower quadrant abdominal pain due to a spontaneous psoas intramuscular hematoma.. At the time of admission to our hospital, the patient displayed microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and secondary hyperfibrinolysis with a pronounced bleeding tendency. Moreover, there was an acute renal failure which improved with fluid resuscitation. With immediate chemotherapy consisting of 5-fluorouracil, folinic acid and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX regimen) and cetuximab initiated with the second course, plasmatic coagulation could be stabilized. Consequently, treatment with tranexamic acid, fibrinogen, fresh frozen plasma as well as red blood cell and platelet infusions could be stopped. Continuation of chemotherapy was possible on an outpatient basis and the further course was associated with a good quality of life until her near end. The patient died at home 7 months after initial diagnosis of her colon cancer due to progressive disease with CNS metastases.. Disseminated intravascular coagulation with microangiopathic hemolysis and secondary hyperfibrinolysis is a rare albeit possible event in disseminated colorectal cancer, especially when the bone marrow is involved. Treatment of the underlying cause is the most important therapeutic measure.

Topics: Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Neoplasms; Brain Neoplasms; Cetuximab; Disease Progression; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Fatal Outcome; Female; Fluorouracil; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Hematoma; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Humans; Leucovorin; Liver Neoplasms; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; Organoplatinum Compounds; Palliative Care; Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic; Retroperitoneal Space; Sigmoid Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

After approval of bevacizumab in Japan, post-marketing surveillance studies reported on safety. However, few reports have shown the efficacy of bevacizumab as used in daily practice. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab for metastatic colorectal cancer patients in daily practice.. All unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer patients who began receiving bevacizumab in participating facilities from June 2007 to October 2008 were retrospectively analyzed for safety and efficacy. Adverse events were assessed by the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Response Evaluation in Solid Tumors criteria, version 1.0, was used for the tumor response rate.. A total of 212 patients from 17 institutions were assessed. Grade 3 or higher adverse events related to bevacizumab included gastrointestinal perforation in 3, thrombosis in 7, hypertension in 30 and gastrointestinal bleeding in 2. Response rates were 62.5, 30.1 and 11.8% overall among patients receiving bevacizumab as first-, second- and third-line or greater therapy. Median progression-free survival was 14.4 [95% confidence interval (CI): 10.8-18.1], 7.8 (95% CI: 6.5-9.1) and 6.0 (95% CI: 4.6-7.3) months, and median overall survival was 32.5 (95% CI: 24.6-40.3), 16.4 (95% CI: 14.4-18.5) and 11.8 (95% CI: 8.6-15.0) months, respectively.. The general cohort of patients in HGCSG0801 showed a similar efficacy and safety profile of bevacizumab as seen in clinical trials. Although the sample size was small and there were several study limitations, these results suggest that colorectal cancer patients in Japan might safely receive and benefit from bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy in daily practice, as is seen in patients in other countries.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bevacizumab; Camptothecin; Cohort Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms; Confidence Intervals; Disease-Free Survival; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Combinations; Epistaxis; Female; Fluorouracil; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Hypertension; Irinotecan; Japan; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Leucovorin; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Organoplatinum Compounds; Oxonic Acid; Proteinuria; Retrospective Studies; Tegafur; Thrombosis; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bevacizumab; Fluorouracil; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Leucovorin; Male; Mesothelioma; Organoplatinum Compounds; Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Biopsy; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Colectomy; Colonoscopy; Fluorouracil; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Leucovorin; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Palliative Care; Sigmoid Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Biopsy; Child; Colonoscopy; Cyclophosphamide; Doxorubicin; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Immunophenotyping; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestinal Polyps; Leucovorin; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Methotrexate; Methylprednisolone; Rectum; Vincristine